,ROMANC+ ! ,REVOLUTION 
,A REVIEW ( ,IAN ,BULLOCK1 ,ROMANC+ ! REVOLUTION3 ,! MY? ( ,SOVIET DEMOCRACY & ! ,BRITI% ,LEFT4 ,A,U ,PRESS1 #baa 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,TEXT 3 

,?IS IS A V]Y 9T]E/+ & USEFUL WORK4 ,IT TAKES Y\ BACK TO :5 ,L59 & ,TROTSKY W]E UNKN[N & H[ ?IS *ANG$ AS ! ,BRITI% LEFT TRI$ TO UND]/& DEVELOPM5TS 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,9SPIR$ BY ,C4,B4 ,MACPH]SON'S CLAIM ?AT ! ,U,S,S,R :ILE NOT A DEMOCRATIC SY/EM ( GOV]NM5T C\LD BE VIEW$ AS REPRES5T+ A 0,NON-,LIB]AL ,DEMOCRACY0 AS IT AIM$ TO ELIM9ATE CLASSES1 ,IAN ,BULLOCK'S BOOK UTILIZES AN IMPRESSIVE >RAY ( PRIM>Y S\RCES TO %[ 0! MY? ( SOVIET DEMOCRACY 9 ! E>LY APPEAL ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION40 7#e7 ,AS SU*1 IT %\LD BE ( 9T]E/ = LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S AS WELL AS S*OL>S1 P>TICUL>LY AS IT IS FULL ( 9T]E/+ FACTS3 = EXAMPLE1 ! ,SCOTTI% SECTION ( ! ,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,P>TY 7,I,L,P7 VOT$ TO JO9 ! ,COMMUNI/ 9T]NATIONAL & = PROHIBITION AT ITS ,JANU>Y #aib CONF]5CE4 7#a#i#d-#e7 

,! REMIT ( ! BOOK IS WIDE 9S(> AS IT COV]S SOCIALI/S :O W]E 9ITIALLY SUPPORTIVE ( ! REVOLUTION BUT NOT EXPLICITLY LIB]T>IAN--AL?\< HE DOES 9CLUDE ?OSE 9FLU5C$ BY SYNDICALISM1 SU* AS GUILD SOCIALI/S1 ! %OP /EW>D MOVEM5T & ! DE ,LEONI/ ,SOCIALI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY 7,S,L,P74 ,P]HAPS UNSURPRIS+LY1 IT CONC5TRATES ON ! MA9 P>TIES & M5TIONS ! MORE DIFFUSE SYNDICALI/ T5D5CIES LESS4 ,!RE IS LITTLE M5TION ( AN>*I/S O!R ?AN 9 PASS+1 P]HAPS UNSURPRIS+LY GIV5 ! SIZE ( ! MOVEM5T 9 ,BRITA9 AT ! TIME BUT HE DOES NOTE ?AT IT 0IS P]HAPS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT444! AN>*I/ SUPPORT]S ( SOVIET DEMOCRACY444SEEM TO HAVE BE5 MO/ RESILI5T0 7#c#f#e7 & ?AT 9 ! E>LY #a#i#bS ! 7BY !N7 C\NCIL COMMUNI/ ,WORK]S' ,DREADN\<T />T$ TO REPR9T AN>*I/ REPORTS & CRITIQUES ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,H[EV]1 !RE IS MU* 9 ,ROMANC+ ! ,REVOLUTION :I* LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S WILL GA9 FROM4 

,AFT] A SURVEY ( ! ,BRITI% LEFT AT ! TIME--9CLUD+ ! ,I,L,P1 ! ,S,L,P1 ! ,BRITI% ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 ! UN=TUNATELY NAM$ ,NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 7=M$ BY ,B,S,P MEMB]S :O1 LIKE ITS LEAD] ,H5RY ,HYNDMAN1 SUPPORT$ ! ,ALLIES71 ! SYNDICALI/ & ,%OP ,/EW>D MOVEM5TS AS WELL AS ! ,GUILD ,SOCIALI/S & ! ,WORK]S' ,SOCIALI/ ,F$]ATION 7,W,S,F7--,BULLOCK TURNS TO ! MATT] AT H&1 ) A *APT] ON ! ,JUNE #aiag ,LE$S 0,SOVIET0 ,CONGRESS 9 :I* !SE T5D5CIES EXPRESS$ !IR SUPPORT = ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION :I* HAD 5D$ ! ,CZ>I/ AUTOCRACY ALONG ) OPPOSITION TO ! W> & :I* 5D$ ) ! CALL TO =M SOVIETS 9 ! ,U,K4 

,HE !N *>TS ! EVOLUTION ( !SE P>TIES & T5D5CIES & H[ !Y REACT$ TO DEVELOPM5TS 9 ,RUSSIA SU* AS ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION1 ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 ! CIVIL W> & ! *ANG+ NATURE & RHETORIC ( ! NEW REGIME4 ,! BOOK REC\NTS H[ ! ORIG9AL MEAN+ ( ! WORD SOVIET--,RUSSIAN = 0C\NCIL10 SPECIFICALLY ONE ELECT$ BY WORK]S & PEASANTS--WAS LO/ & US$ SOLELY 9 RELATION TO ! ,U,S,S,R1 H[ ! SOVIETS W]E 0! ONLY CLE> EXAMPLE DUR+ ! TW5TIE? C5TURY--AS AN ALT]NATIVE TO ,MACPH]SON'S LIB]AL DEMOCRACY--A DI/9CTLY DIFF]5T FUNCTION+ =M ( DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T40 7#d7 ,HE SKET*ES ! PROCESS BY :I* ! PROMISE ( A WID] DEMOCRACY BECAME REPLAC$ BY P>TY DICTATOR%IP--9 HIS WORDS1 0,! ,DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,PROLET>IAT3 ,FROM ,CLASS TO ,P>TY0 7#c#a#b7--= MANY ON ! LEFT4 

,( C\RSE1 MANY ( ! E>LIE/ CRITICS ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME C\NT]POIS$ B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY TO ! SOVIET SY/EM1 YET ?IS IS NOT ! ONLY POSSIBLE CRITIQUE4 ,?ANKFULLY1 ,BULLOCK 9CLUDES ?OSE :O CRITICIZ$ ,BOL%EVISM FROM ! LEFT AS WELL1 ,IT IS ?IS ASPECT ( ! BOOK :I* MAKES IT ( P>TICUL> NOTE TO LIB]T>IANS TODAY4 ,9DE$1 ! PROBLEMS FAC+ ! ,BRITI% LEFT ALSO FAC$ SUBSEQU5T G5]ATIONS1 9CLUD+ \RS1 FAC$ ) REVOLUTIONS & ! REGIMES ?AT SPR+ =? FROM !M--H[ TO BE SUPPORTIVE ( A REVOLUTION BUT ALSO CRITICAL1 P>TICUL>LY ( ANY /ATE /RUCTURES 9VOLV$4 

,P>T ( ! PROBLEM WAS ! LACK ( RELIABLE 9=MATION FROM ,RUSSIA1 NOT TO M5TION ! DELIB]ATE LIES SPREAD BY ! CAPITALI/ M$IA4 ,!RE WAS ALSO AN UND]/&ABLE DESIRE 0TO GIVE ! ,BOL%EVIKS ! B5EFIT ( ! D\BT :]EV] POSSIBLE40 7#a#d#i7 ,! ,BOL%EVIK'S OPPOSITION TO ! W> HELP$ !M GA9 AN AUDI5CE 9 ,BRITA9 BUT IT ALSO MEANT ?AT MY?S W]E READILY ACCEPT$1 P>TICUL>LY IF !Y *IM$ ) ! HOPES ( ! AUDI5CE4 ,SO1 = EXAMPLE1 IT WAS REPORT$ ?AT :ILE ,BRITI% WORK]S W]E 0DEM&+ ! DEMOCRATIC CONTROL ( 9DU/RY0 ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S 0HAVE IT10 ACCORD+ TO A #aiah >TICLE 9 ! ,I,L,P'S NEWSPAP] ! ,LABOR ,LEAD]4 7#a#d#i-#e7 ,AS WE HAVE KN[N = SOME TIME1 ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME WAS !N ALREADY 9 ! PROCESS ( CRU%+ ANY EMBRYONIC DEVELOPM5TS T[>DS ?IS 9 FAVOR ( ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T & C5TRALIZ$ PLANN+4 

,AS ) ANY REVOLUTION1 MANY ON ! LEFT WANT$ TO BELIEVE ! BE/4 ,AS ,BULLOCK NOTES1 MANY DISMISS$ NEGATIVE ACC\NTS DUE TO B\RGEOIS HO/ILITY & TRY+ TO RECONCILE :AT ORIG9ALLY ATTRACT$ !M TO ! ,REVOLUTION & ! REGIME ?AT IT PRODUC$4 ,YET 5\< WAS AVAILABLE--NOT LEA/ FROM EYE-WITNESS ACC\NTS AS WELL AS 9T]VIEWS )1 >TICLES FROM & SPEE*ES BY LEAD+ ,BOL%EVIKS !MSELVES4 ,BULLOCK 9DICATES ?IS /EADY FL[ ( W>N+ SIGNS1 SU* AS ,Z9OVIEV PROCLAIM+ ?AT ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT WAS ! SAME AS ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY AT ! SECOND CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 9 #a#i#b1 7#c#a#c7 ,L59'S DEF5SE ( 0DICTATORIAL0 ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T 7#a#h#e1 #b#d7 AS WELL AS HIS COMM5T ?AT IT WAS 0NATURAL ?AT REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S EXECUTE ,M5%EVIKS40 7#b#e7 ,SOME MANAG$ TO ACCEPT ,L59'S ADVOCACY ( DICTATOR%IP BECAUSE !Y BELIEV$ IT REFLECT$ WORK+ CLASS SUPPORT BUT ,BULLOCK1 RI<TLY1 QUOTES ,B]TR& ,RUSSELL 7#a#h#f7 FROM HIS BOOK ,! ,PRACTICE & ,!ORY ( ,BOL%EVISM ON ! FALLACY ( ?IS3 

,FRI5DS ( ,RUSSIA H]E .<9 ,BRITA9.> ?9K ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT AS M]ELY A NEW =M ( REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T1 9 :I* ONLY WORK+ M5 & WOM5 HAVE VOTES1 & ! CON/ITU5CIES >E P>TLY OCCUPATIONAL1 NOT GEOGRAPHICAL4 ,!Y ?9K ?AT 'PROLET>IAT' MEANS 'PROLET>IAT1' BUT 'DICTATOR%IP' DOES NOT QUITE MEAN 'DICTATOR%IP4' ,?IS IS ! OPPOSITE ( ! TRU?4 ,:5 A ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ SPEAKS ( A DICTATOR%IP1 HE MEANS ! WORD LIT]ALLY1 BUT :5 HE SPEAKS ( ! PROLET>IAT1 HE MEANS ! WORD 9 A ,PICKWICKIAN S5SE4 ,HE MEANS ! 'CLASS-CONSCI\S' P>T ( ! PROLET>IAT1 I4E4 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 

,! ISSUE IS ?AT MANY ON ! REVOLUTION>Y LEFT SOMEH[ MANAG$ TO CONV9CE !MSELVES ( ?IS NONS5SE--PRESUMABLY BY 9VOK+ ?AT MAGICAL WORD 0DIALECTICS0 AT SOME /AGE4 ,?IS CAN BE SE5 EV5 FROM ?OSE :O LAT] BROKE ) ,MOSC[ TO REMA9 ADVOCATES ( SOVIET DEMOCRACY4 ,?US1 = EXAMPLE1 ! ,W,S,F'S ,WORK]S' ,DREADN\<T 9 ,JULY #aib REPORT$ & JU/IFI$ ,BOL%EVIK SUPPRESSION ( SOVIETS--PEASANT ONES1 :]E ! POOR PEASANTS APP>5TLY VOT$ = !IR RI* NEI<BORS 9 ! 0,LEFT ,W+ ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,P>TY0 7#a#a#c7 & PUBLI%$ AN >TICLE BY A MEMB] ( ! ,AB]DE5 ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P :I* PROCLAIM$ ?AT ANY ,SOVIET SY/EM 0MU/ COME UND] ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY40 7#a#h#a7 ,:ILE ! ,W,S,F HAD JU/ CREAT$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 7,BRITI% ,SECTION ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL7 & LAT] ! SAME YE> HELP$ =M ! ,MOSC[-APPROV$ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 7,C,P,G,B71 IT F9ALLY REALIZ$ ! ]ROR ( ITS WAYS BY E>LY #a#i#b#a4 

,!Y ,W]E NOT ALONE4 ,! BOOK 5DS REC\NT+ H[ ! ,I,L,P & ! ,S,L,P REFUS$ TO M]GE 9TO ! ,C,P,G,B1 LEAV+ ! ,B,S,P AS ! CORE ( ITS MEMB]%IP--JO9$ BY V>I\S ,GUILDSM51 SYNDICALI/S & O!RS--:ILE ! ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IAN COMMUNI/S LIKE ! ,W,S,F'S ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/ F\ND FRE$OM ( DISCUSSION 9 ! ,C,P,G,B TO BE MU* LESS ?AN ORIG9ALLY PROMIS$4 ,! ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>IAN COMMUNI/S SOON LEFT & F\ND ! ,G]MAN & ,DUT* C\NCIL COMMUNI/S :O HAD LIKEWISE BECOME DISILLUSION$ ) ,BOL%EVISM1 EV5 PROMOT+ ! ORIG9AL ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL1 BUT ! ,WORK]S' ,DREADN\<T HAD CEAS$ PUBLICATION BY #a#i#b#d4 

,AS WELL AS %[+ ! SL[ EVOLUTION ( MANY FROM DEF5D+ ! REVOLUTION BECAUSE IT HAD PRODUC$ A WID5+ ( 7FUNCTIONAL DELEGATE7 DEMOCRACY TO DEF5D+ ! ,BOL%EVIKS & !IR DICTATOR%IP1 ! BOOK ALSO *>TS ! DECL9E ( ! DIV]SITY ( ! PRE-W> LEFT ) ORGANIZATION AFT] ORGANIZATION DISAPPE>+ 7SU* AS ! ,W,S,F1 ! ,GUILD ,SOCIALI/S7 OR BECOM+ COMPLETELY M>G9AL 7,S,L,P74 ,YET ?IS DIV]SITY IS ( NOTE1 GIV5 ! WIDE RANGE ( VIEWS 9 ! PRE-W> LEFT4 ,LIB]T>IAN IDEAS ON 9DU/RIAL OR FUNCTIONAL DEMOCRACY HAD OBVI\SLY SPREAD QUITE WIDELY 9 ! ,BRITI% LEFT--NOT LEA/ ) ! ,GUILD ,SOCIALI/S4 ,EV5 ,RAMSAY ,MAC,DONALD RAIS$ ! POSSIBILITY ( REPLAC+ ! ,H\SE ( ,LORDS ) AN 9DU/RIAL ,P>LIAM5T4 

,! FIR/ *APT] ALSO NOTES ! DIFF]5CES 9 P]SPECTIVE ON ! LEFT4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 !RE W]E ! TE*NOCRATIC ,FABIANS :O1 9 #a#i#f1 NOT$ ?AT ,DEMOCRACY IS A WORD ) A D\BLE MEAN+4 ,TO ! BULK ( ,TRADE ,UNIONI/S & LABOR]S IT MEANS AN 9T5SE JEAL\SY & MI/RU/ ( ALL AU?ORITY1 & A RESOLUTE R$UCTION ( BO? REPRES5TATIVES & (FICIALS TO ! POSITION ( M]E DELEGATES & AG5TS ( ! MAJORITY4 7#b#b7 

,O!RS ON ! LEFT1 NOT LEA/ ! SYNDICALI/S1 >GU$ ?AT 0REAL P[] W\LD BE PUT 9TO ! H&S ( ! CITIZ5S--OR MEMB]S1 9 ! CASE ( ! UNIONS--RA!R ?AN AN ELECT$ REPRES5TATIVE40 7#b#c7 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 ! ,FABIANS OPPOS$ SU* 0PRIMITIVE DEMOCRACY40 

,9T]E/+LY1 !SE DEBATES RESURFAC$ DUR+ ! DEBATES ON ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,BULLOCK1 AS AN EXAMPLE1 QUOTES ! *AIR ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ,KAM5EV1 ON H[ HIS P>TY REJECT$ M&AT$ DELEGATES & EV]Y DELEGATE 0MU/ VOTE ACCORD+ TO HIS [N CONSCI5CE1 & NOT ACCORD+ TO ! VIEWS HE & O!RS HAD =M$ BE=E ! DEBATES40 ,?IS1 AS A ,BRITI% SOCIALI/ NOT$ AT ! TIME1 RAN C\NT] TO ! :OLE IDEA ( ! SOVIET SY/EM4 7#a#i#g7 ,SADLY1 ,BULLOCK FAILS TO NOTE ?AT ,L59 9 ,:AT IS TO ,BE ,DONE8 FOLL[$ ! ,FABIANS 9 OPPOS+ 0PRIMITIVE DEMOCRACY10 SO P]HAPS ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION1 :I* BECAME ! ,B,S,P1 MAY NOT HAVE BE5 ON 0! F> SIDE ( ?IS0 GULF BETWE5 ! TWO P]SPECTIVES 7#b#b7 = 9 SPITE ( ALL ! PRO-REF]5DUM & RECALL COMM5TS ,BULLOCK LI/S 9 ! PRE-W> LEFT1 !Y W]E 9 ! CONTEXT A C5TRALIZ$1 /ATI/ /RUCTURE4 ,?IS W\LD MAKE SU* RE=MS F> LESS DEMOCRATIC ?AN !Y APPE> ON PAP]--AS SE5 9 PRACTICE ) ! ,SOVIET /ATE BE=E ! CREATION ( ! P>TY DICTATOR%IP 9 MID-#a#i#a#h4 

,AS SU*1 DEVELOPM5TS 9 ,RUSSIA %\LD NOT BE VIEW$ 9 ISOLATION4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS1 AS ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATS1 %>$ A SIMIL> IDEOLOGICAL BACKGR\ND ) MU* ( ! ,BRITI% LEFT COV]$ 9 ?IS BOOK4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT ! ,B,S,P =M+ ! CORE ( ! ,C,P,G,B COMES AS NO GREAT SURPRISE4 ,IT ALSO HELPS ANSW] ! QUE/ION ( H[ SO MANY SELF-PROCLAIM$ SOCIALI/S MANAG$ TO TOL]ATE ! TWI/S & TURNS ( ,/AL9ISM1 = MANY HAD ALREADY DONE SO :5 ,L59 & ,TROTSKY RUL$ ! ROO/4 

,BULLOCK'S RESE>* IS IMPRESSIVE & IT MAKES FASC9AT+ READ+ TO SEE H[ ! ,BRITI% LEFT TRI$ TO MAKE S5SE ( ,BOL%EVISM AT ! TIME4 ,OBVI\SLY1 H9DSI<T IS ALWAYS #b_/#b1 BUT BY ! E>LY TW5TIES 5\< WAS KN[N TO SEE ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME WAS A /ATE-CAPITALI/ P>TY DICTATOR%IP4 ,?AT SO MANY ON ! LEFT EMBRAC$ ?IS W\LD SUGGE/ ?AT PRE-W> POSITIONS ON DEMOCRACY & SOCIALISM W]E NOT AS ROBU/ AS W\LD BE IMAG9$--AS AN>*I/S HAD LONG W>N$1 :AT !Y ?\<T ( AS SOCIALISM WAS 9 FACT SIMPLY /ATE CAPITALISM4 ,BULLOCK1 SADLY1 CONC5TRATES MO/LY ON ! POLITICAL RHETORIC ( ! PRE-W> LEFT RA!R ?AN !IR ECONOMIC VISION 7! ,GUILD ,SOCIALI/S BE+1 UNSURPRIS+LY1 AN EXCEPTION74 ,! BOOK FAILS TO ADDRESS ?IS CRITIQUE BUT IT CAN BE >GU$ IT FALLS \TSIDE ITS REMIT4 ,?IS %\LD NOT1 H[EV]1 DETRACT FROM AN EXCELL5T CONTRIBUTION TO \R UND]/&+ ( ! P]IOD4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #bba 3 ,ROMANC+ ! ,REVOLUTION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,ROMANC+ ! ,REVOLUTION -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/