,*APT] #f 

#aiabaiab 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GUY ,ALDR$ 

,TEXT 3 

7,FROM ,JANU>Y #a#b? TO ,AUGU/ #b#a/1 #a#h#a#i1 FIVE 9DICTM5TS W]E PREP>$ AGA9/ ,C>LILE = BLASPHEMY1 BAS$ ON HIS PUBLICATION ( ,PA9E'S & ,PALM]'S WRIT+S4 ,ON ! SECOND DATE1 ,C>LILE WAS >RE/$ = S$ITION ON ACC\NT ( HIS FUR!R LETT]S TO ! ,REG5T & ,LORD ,SIDM\? ON ! ,MAN*E/] MASSACRE4 ,HE SP5T SIX DAYS 9 ! ,GILTSPUR ,/REET ,COMPT]1 & WAS !N RELEAS$ ON BAIL1 ! MAGI/RATE 9TIMAT+ ?AT IF HE UND]TOOK TO )DRAW FROM CIRCULATION HIS ACC\NTS ( ! ,MAN*E/] MASSACRE NO FUR!R PROCE$+S W\LD BE TAK5 AGA9/ HIM4 ,C>LILE DID NOT COMPLY ) ?IS REQUE/4 ,?US DEFI$1 ! ,GOV]NM5T WAS UNWILL+ TO ANSW] ,C>LILE'S IMPEA*M5T BY FUR!R CANVAS+ ACC\NTS ( ITS TYRANNY BY PROCE$+ ON ! S$ITION *>GE4 ,BUT IT REMEMB]$ ?AT ,C>LILE 5JOY$ HIS LIB]TY1 ON BAIL1 ON ! BLASPHEMY *>GE4 ,HI!RTO IT HAD %[N NO DISPOSITION TO BR+ ! 9DICTM5TS UND] ?IS *>GE TO A HEAD4 ,N[ IT PROCE$$ ) !M 9 GREAT HA/E4 

,C>LILE'S TRIAL LA/$ FROM ,TUESDAY1 ,OCTOB] #a#b?1 TO ,?URSDAY1 ,OCTOB] #a#d?1 9CLUSIVE4 ,! PROSECUTION & ! C\RT 9SI/$ ?AT A MAN MI<T1 AGREEABLY TO ! LAWS ( ,5GL&1 D\BT OR DISBELIEVE ! DIV9ITY ( ! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION4 ,IT WAS OP5 TO HIM TO COMMUNICATE !SE D\BTS OR DISBELIEFS TO O!RS1 ALWAYS PROVID+ HE DID IT PRIVATELY1 SIL5TLY1 & RESPECTFULLY4 ,! JURY C\LD SEE1 !RE=E1 ?AT IT WAS NOT A MATT] ( ! RESPECTIVE M]ITS ( TWO BOOKS ?AT ADVOCAT$ DIFF]5T OP9IONS4 ,! TRU? OR FALSITY ( ! IDEAS ,C>LILE PROCLAIM$ DID NOT MATT]4 ,BY PUBLI%+ OP9IONS PUBLICLY QUE/ION+ ! V]ACITY ( ! ,BIBLE & ,*RI/IANITY1 ! DEF5DANT AIM$ AT CREAT+ A BREA* ( ! PEACE4 ,IT WAS ?IS QUALITY ?AT CON/ITUT$ ! CRIM9AL MATT] OR LIBEL1 :I* WAS AN (F5SE PUNI%ABLE UND] ! RULES & ACCORD+ TO ! USAGE ( ! COMMON LAW ( ,5GL&4 

,?IS ATTITUDE ( ! C\RT PROVID$ A CONV5I5T EXCUSE = RUL+ \T ! :OLE ( ,C>LILE'S DEF5SE1 ON ! GR\ND ?AT IT WAS BUT A REIT]ATION ( ! SAME SORT ( CALUMNY AGA9/ ! LAW ( ! L& & ! ,BIBLE AS ?AT :I* WAS CONTA9$ 9 ! BOOKS = ! PUBLICATION ( :I* HE WAS CALL$ ON TO ANSW]2 

,HE URG$ ?AT ,! ,TOL]ATION ,ACT1 #e#cRD ( ,GEORGE ,I,I,I41 5TITL$----- 

,A,N ,A,C,T ,T,O ,R,E,L,I,E,V,E ,?,O,S,E ,P,],S,O,N,S ,:,O ,I,M,P,U,G,N ,! ,H,O,L,Y ,T,R,9,I,T,Y--- 

MADE ,DEISM ! LAW ( ! L&4 ,?IS PLEA AVAIL$ HIM NO?+1 S9CE ?IS ACT DID NOT DISE/ABLI% ,*RI/IANITY4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 HIS PUBLICATIONS AIM$ AT DE/ROY+ 0! COMMON PEOPLE'S0 RESPECT = ! 0RELIGI\S0 PORTION ( ! ,GOV]NM5T4 

,SIMIL>LY1 HAD HE URG$----AS HE MI<T HAVE DONE--?AT ! ,ANCI5T ,COMMON ,LAW KNEW NO?+ ( SU* AN (F5SE AS LIBEL1 & BE+ MORE ANCI5T ?AN ,*RI/IANITY1 C\LD NOT POSSIBLY HAVE PROVID$ = ITS MA9T5ANCE & LEGAL E/ABLI%M5T----HE W\LD HAVE BE5 MET ) ! /ATEM5T ?AT ! ,ANCI5T ,COMMON ,LAW DID PROVIDE = BREA*ES ( ! PEACE1 & ?AT WAS :AT HE WAS *>G$ )4 ,TRUE1 :5 ,POPE ,GREGORY S5T ,AUGU/9E ) HIS =TY ASSOCIATES TO ,5GL& 9 ,A4,D4 #e#i#g1 ,E!LB]T ASSIGN$ HIM AN HABITATION 9 ! ,ISLE ( ,?ANET1 & WELCOM$ HIM 9 !SE WORDS3 

0,Y\R WORDS & PROMISES >E FAIR1 BUT BECAUSE !Y >E NEW & UNC]TA9 ,I CANNOT 5TIRELY YIELD TO !M & REL9QUI% ! PR9CIPLES :I* ,I & MY ANCE/ORS HAVE SO LONG MA9TA9$4 ,Y\ >E WELCOME1 H[EV]1 TO REMA9 H]E 9 PEACE1 & AS Y\ HAVE UND]TAK5 SO LONG A J\RNEY SOLELY1 AS IT APPE>S1 = :AT Y\ BELIEVE TO BE \R ADVANTAGE1 ,I WILL SUPPLY Y\ ) ALL NECESS>IES & P]MIT Y\ TO DELIV] Y\R DOCTR9E TO MY SUBJECTS40 

,BUT !N ,E!LB]T W\LD NOT HAVE 0P]MITT$0 ,AUGU/9E TO PREA* ,*RI/IANITY HAD HE ?\<T IT W\LD LEAD TO ! BREA* ( ! PEACE4 ,& ! 0,VICE ,SOCIETY10 ! JUDGES1 JURIES1 /ATESM51 & CL]ICS ( ,C>LILE'S TIME DID NOT WANT ! COMMON PEOPLE TO BE $UCAT$ & EMANCIPAT$ FROM SUP]/ITION4 ,IT C\LD ONLY LEAD TO A 0BREA* ( ! PEACE40 ,! ANCI5T COMMON LAW DID NOT PROP\ND ! PR9CIPLE ( LIB]TY1 DID NOT 9SI/ ON ECONOMIC EQUALITY )\T :I* = ITS BASIS1 POLITICAL EQUALITY CANNOT EXI/4 ,IT ONLY PREA*$ UP ! RI<T ( ! CR[N TO PRACTICE TOL]ATION--IF IT WI%$4 ,! ANCI5T COMMON LAW1 LIKE /ATUTE LAW1 ONLY AVAIL$ ! 5EMIES ( FRE$OM1 ! UPHOLD]S ( CLASS SOCIETY4 ,IT (F]$ NO 5C\RAGEM5T TO ! BRAVE1 TO ! REBELS1 OR ! PIONE]S4 ,AS ,C>LILE HIMSELF SAID1 9 DEAL+ ) ?IS SUBJECT 3--- 

0,! ORIG9 ( ,P>LIAM5TS 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 CONSI/+ ( ,K+1 ,LORDS1 & ,COMMONS1 WAS NO MORE ! EFFECT ( COMMON LAW ?AN /ATUTE LAW2 IT WAS ONLY ! EFFECT ( AN OP9ION ( ITS NECESSITY =M$ 9 ! BOSOM ( A4 MAN :O HAD ! P[] TO 5=CE IT2 & EXP]I5CE TEA*ES ?AT !RE IS NO O!R MEANS ( OBTA9+ B5EFICIAL *>GES 9 ! POLITICAL /ATE ( \R C\NTRY4 ,AS TO P5ALTIES = MISDEMEANORS1 :AT HAS IT TO DO ) COMMON LAW1 OR ANY O!R LAWS3 IT IS A PO9T ( EQUITY1 RESID5T 9 ! BOSOM ( ! JUDGE OR A MAGI/RATE1 & IS AS (T5 GUID$ BY CAPRICE & PRUD5CE AS BY ! DICTATES ( JU/ICE1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! PRES5T DAY1 :5 ALMO/ EV]Y JUDGE & MAGI/RATE >E P>TISANS4 ,NEI!R HAVE JUDICIAL =MS ANY?+ TO DO ) ! ,COMMON ,LAW1 AS !Y *ANGE ) ! CONV5I5CE ( ! C\RT2 &1 AS F> AS JURIES >E CONC]N$1 !Y >E PACK$ ON EV]Y OCCASION1 :]E ! ,GOV]NM5T & ITS P>TY HAVE ANY 9T]E/4 ,) RESPECT TO ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( ! ,CON/ITUTION BE+ SUPPORT$ BY ! ,COMMON ,LAW1 :AT IS CALL$ ! ,CON/ITUTION ( ,5GL& IS A M]E F>CE & BYWORD2 ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( :I* >E CONF9$ TO ! BOSOM OR ! BREA* ( ,LORD ,CA/L]EA<4 ,ALL LAWY]S WILL ADMIT1 ?AT ! DEF9ITION ( :AT IS1 & :AT IS NOT1 ,COMMON ,LAW1 IS ALTOGE!R CONF9$ TO ! BOSOMS ( ! JUDGES1 & EA* DEF9ES IT1 AGREEABLE TO HIS [N DISPOSITION1 VIEW1 & PURPOSE4 ,IF WE >GUE ?AT A TRADITION>Y LAW EXI/$ 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 BE=E ! USE ( LETT]S1 IT APPE>S ?AT IT %\LD FOLL[1 AS A MATT] ( C\RSE1 ?AT ! 9TRODUCTION ( ! USE ( LETT]S1 & CONSEQU5TLY ( /ATUTE & WRITT5 LAW1 %\LD ALTOGE!R SUP]S$E ! NECESSITY ( AN UNWRITT5 OR ,COMMON ,LAW1 :I* IS CONT9UALLY LIABLE TO BE4 P]V]T$ & ABUS$ BY CORRUPT JUDGES1 ( :OM WE >E NEV] DEFICI5T4 4 4 4 ,! ,COMMON ,LAW 9 ?IS C\NTRY IS M]ELY RETA9$ AS A TRAP = ! UNW>Y1 :5 ! ,/ATUTE ,LAW CANNOT BE /RA9$ TO ANSW] ! NECESS>Y POLITICAL PURPOSES ( A CORRUPT SY/EM ( ,GOV]NM5T40 

,9 A WORD1 ,C>LILE'S EXP]I5CE WAS CONV9C+ HIM ( ! TRU? ( ,PA9E'S DICTUM 3 0,! TRADE ( GOV]N+ HAS ALWAYS BE5 MONOPOLIZ$ BY ! MO/ IGNORANT & ! MO/ RASCALLY 9DIVIDUALS ( MANK9D40 4 ,C]TA9LY1 ! S5T5CE PASS$ ON HIM ON ! PRES5T OCCASION W>RANT$ HIM COM+ TO ?IS OP9ION ( HIS TAL5T$ PR$ECESSOR4 ,HE WAS COMMITT$ TO ,DOR*E/] JAIL = ?REE YE>S1 & MULCT$ 9 F9ES TO ! TUNE ( ,G,B,P#a1#e4 ,AS HE REFUS$ TO PAY !SE F9ES1 HE WAS ACTUALLY IMPRISON$ SIX YE>S1 FROM ,NOVEMB] #a#f?1 #a#h#a#i1 TO ,NOVEMB] #a#h#b#e1 ! FUR!R ?REE YE>S BE+ EXACT$ = HIS /UBBORNNESS4 

,! S5T5CE HAV+ BE5 PASS$1 ! PRISON] WAS IMM$IATELY H&CUFF$ & HURRI$ AWAY TO ,DOR*E/] JAIL 9 ! DEAD3 ( ! NI<T----SOME #ac MILES FROM ,LONDON--)\T BE+ ALL[$ TO TAKE A *ANGE ( L95 OR TO SEE HIS WIFE & *ILDR54 

,%OCK$ AT ! NATURAL DEPRAVITY ( ! VICTIM ( ?IS P]SECUTION1 ! ,CZ> ( ,RUSSIA & HIS ADVIS]S1 APPREH5SIVE ( 0! PEOPLE'S MORALS10 GAVE DIRECTIONS TO ! ,RUSSIAN POLICE TO PREV5T ! 9TRODUCTION ( ALL ! ,5GLI% NEWSPAP]S CONTA9+ REPORTS ( ,C>LILE'S TRIAL4 ,! ,CZ> PROBABLY APPRECIAT$ ! RETROGRADE SOCIAL T5D5CIES ( RELIGION4 ,9 ITS NAME ! ,RUSSIAN PEASANTS W]E BIDD5 TO HUMBLY OBEY ! DICTATES ( ! ,CZ> & HIS ,GR& ,DUKES1 LE/ !Y W]E VISIT$ ) ! V5GEANCE ( ,ALMI<TY ,GOD4 ,!SE ?REATS MI<T ONLY HAVE BECOME EMPTY S\NDS HAD0 ! DETAILS1 ( ,C>LILE'S TRIAL BE5 BR\<T TO ! E>S ( ! VILE MASSES4 

,?IS OP9ION WAS /R5G!N$ BY ! EFFECT PRODUC$ BY ! RESULT ( ! TRIAL 9 ,5GL&4 ,AT HOME ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT1 HAD BE5 >\S$4 ,MONEY & LETT]S ( 5C\RAGEM5T BEGAN TO P\R 9 UPON ! PRISON] 9 ,DOR*E/] ,JAIL FROM ALL P>TS ( ! C\NTRY4 ,?IS DID NOT PLEASE ! AU?ORITIES1 :O NO SOON] HAD ,C>LILE SAFELY LOCK$-UP 9 JAIL ?AN !Y DESC5D$ UPON HIS %OP 9 ,FLEET ,/REET &1 HAV+ SEIZ$ ! 5TIRE /OCK1 CLOS$ IT4 ,! (FIC]S ALSO TOOK EV]Y P5NY \T ( ! TILL1 AL?\< NONE ( ! MONEY ?US /OL5 WAS ALL[$ 9 MITIGATION ( ! F9E4 

,C>LILE'S ROOM 9 PRISON WAS L>GE1 LI<T1 & AIRY4 ,IT HAD A S9K1 WAT]-PIPE1 & COMPLETE LAVATORY ATTA*$1 ! NECESS>Y \TFIT BE+ PROVID$ = HOT OR COLD WAT] AT PLEASURE4 ,A S(A WAS ALSO SUPPLI$4 ,EV]Y O!R CONSID]ATION WAS %[N AS REG>DS ! PRISON]'S PHYSICAL COM=T4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 ,DOR*E/] JAIL WAS F> SUP]IOR TO MO/ ( \R 0RE=M$ PRISONS0 ( TO-DAY1 EV5 AS REG>DS PROVISIONS = ! COM=T ( POLITICAL PRISON]S4 ,HE WAS NOT ALL[$ TO ,V MAKE ! ACQUA9TANCE ( ANY O!R ( ! 9MATES ( ! PRISON4 ,TO ?IS 5D1 HE WAS CLOSELY CONF9$ TO HIS ROOM1 ! SOLITUDE CAUS+ HIM TO LOSE ! P[] ( SPEE* = SOME TIME4 ,BUT IT DID NOT IMPAIR ! VIGOR ( HIS M9D1 NOR YET ! FE>LESSNESS ( HIS P54 

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