,REVIEW3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG BY ,J4,P4 ,NETTL ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK ,TEXT 3 ,PUBLI%$3 ,SCI5CE @& ,SOCIETY1 VOL4 #c#a1 NO4 #a1 #a#i#f#g4 PP4 #a#h-#a#a#d4 ,TRANSCRIPTION_/,M>KUP3 ,MICAH ,MU]1 #b#a#h4 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 BY ,J4 ,P4 ,NETTL4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#f4 @s#b4#b4 ,VOL4 ,I1 PP4 XVI1 #d#e2 ,VOL ,I,I1 PP4 VIII1 #d#e#a-#i#h#d4 ,:ILE ,J4 ,P4 ,NETTL HAD TO CONV9CE HIMSELF 0( HAV+ GOOD REASONS = WRIT+ ?IS BOOK10 ! WORK ITSELF MORE ?AN JU/IFIES HIS [N MOTIVES = DO+ SO4 ,IT IS F> MORE ?AN A BIOGRAPHY1 & REVEALS1 ?R\< ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S LIFE & WORK1 A :OLE HI/ORICAL P]IOD :I*1 F> FROM BELONG+ TO ! IRREVOCABLE PA/1 /ILL DET]M9ES ! PRES5T & ! FUTURE4 ,IT W\LD BE FUTILE TO ATTEMPT AN 9V5TORY ( !SE TWO VOLUMES FILL$1 AS !Y >E1 ) EV5TS1 PEOPLE1 & IDEAS ( MORE ?AN HALF A C5TURY1 ALL ( :I* HAD !IR IMPACT UPON CAPITALI/ SOCIETY 9 G5]AL & ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9 P>TICUL>1 ,! WORK COV]S A P]IOD :I* 9CLUDES ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#e1 ,WORLD ,W> ,I1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#a#g1 & ! ,G]MAN POLITICAL REVOLUTION ( #a#i#a#h4 ,IT DEALS 9TIMATELY ) ! ,EUROPEAN ,M>XI/ MOVEM5T ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL1 ) ITS COLLAPSE1 & ) ! V>I\S PREW> & PO/W> ATTEMPTS ( ! RADICAL ,LEFT TO TRANS=M A RE=MI/ 9TO A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! IDEAS ( ! F\ND]S ( MOD]N SOCIALISM4 ,AL?\< !SE EV5TS & MOVEM5TS HAVE BE5 DEALT ) 9 NUM]\S O!R BOOKS1 SELDOM HAVE !Y BE5 TREAT$ 9 SU* CLOSE CONNECTION ) ! P>TICUL> IDEAS & ACTIVITIES ( ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG4 ,& AS REG>DS H] WORK 9 ! ,POLI% SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T1 :I* FILLS AB\T HALF ! BOOK1 AS IT FILL$ HALF ( ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S LIFE & 9T]E/S1 V]Y LITTLE ( ?IS HAS BE5 RELAT$ PREVI\SLY4 ,?IS ALONE GIVES ,NETTL'S BOOK A SPECIAL IMPORTANCE & A DEF9ITE PLACE 9 ! LIT]ATURE ( ,M>XISM4 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S [N IMPORTANCE1 H[EV]1 D]IVES NOT SO MU* FROM H] ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITIES 9 ! ,POLI% & ,G]MAN LABOR MOVEM5T-9T]E/+ AS !SE ACTIVITIES >E ON !IR [N ACC\NT-AS FROM H] !ORETICAL WORK :I*1 AL?\< COMPLETELY 9TEGRAT$ ) H] POLITICAL ASPIRATIONS1 WAS NONE!LESS ( MORE ?AN TEMPOR>Y VALUE & RETA9S ITS RELEVANCE EV5 N[ DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 0WAS NOT CONC]N$ ) G5]AL PHILOSOPHY BUT ) ANALYSIS ( & 9FLU5CE ON CONTEMPOR>Y EV5TS40 ,9 ?IS CONTEXT1 AS ,NETTL RELATES1 H] 0IDEAS F\ND EXPRESSION 9 ! =M ( CRITICISMS OR POLEMICS AGA9/ :AT %E CONSID]$ TO BE ]RORS20 YET !Y CON/ITUTE A CONSI/5T SET ( PR9CIPLES 9 ! /RUGGLE = SOCIALISM4 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG WAS ! FIR/ 9 ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY 7,S4,P4,D47 TO RECOGNIZE ! 0DIFF]5CE BETWE5 !ORETICAL & REAL REVOLUTION>Y ATTITUDES LONG BE=E ,L59 WAS AW>E ?AT SU* DIFF]5CES C\LD EXI/ 9 ! ,S4,P4,D40 ,MOD]N REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM />TS ?US ) ,LUXEMBURG RA!R ?AN ,L591 EV5 ?\<1 G5]ALLY1 IT IS ,L59ISM :I* IS CR$IT$ ) ! REVOLUTION>Y REVIVAL ( ,M>XISM DUR+ ! C\RSE ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I4 ,PRIOR TO ! W>1 IT WAS ,L59'S EMPHASIS UPON QUE/IONS ( ORGANIZATION 9 ! /RUGGLE ) RE=MI/ OPPORTUNISM :I* SET HIM AP>T FROM ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL1 :]EAS ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG WAS CONC]N$ ) ! 5HANCEM5T ( REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS1 ( SPONTANE\S DIRECT ACTIONS 5COMPASS+ ALWAYS GREAT] NUMB]S ( WORK]S2 9 BRIEF1 ! SELF-EMANCIPATION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,:AT ,L59 TRI$ TO ACTUALIZE WAS ! PROGRAM ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY BY REVOLUTION>Y MEANS1 P>TICUL>LY1 BECAUSE AS F> AS ,RUSSIA WAS CONC]N$1 !RE WAS NO *ANCE TO REALIZE IT 9 ANY O!R WAY4 ,REVOLUTION1 NOT SOCIAL RE=M1 WAS ALSO ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S POSITION1 BUT H] CONCEPT ( REVOLUTION WAS NOT RE/RICT$ TO ! TE*NIQUES ( TAK+ P[]1 BUT 9VOLV$ ! F> WEIRI$ ?R\< BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES & SECUR$ !IR ACTUAL EMANCIPATION4 ,FROM ! />T1 !N1 H] OPPOSITION TO ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY WAS DIRECT$ AGA9/ BO? ! RE=MI/ POLICIES ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL & ,L59'S CONCEPT ( REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION & ! ORGANIZATION ( REVOLUTION1 BO? ( :I* RELEGAT$ ! WORK+ CLASS TO ! CATEGORY ( M]E SUPPORT]S & RECIPI5TS ( EI!R ! RE=MI/ 5DEAVORS ( SOCIALI/ P>TIES OR ! ACTIVITIES ( A P>TY ( PR(ESSIONAL REVOLUTIONI/S4 ,IT IS = !SE REASONS ?AT ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG /OOD AP>T FROM BO? ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL & ITS ,BOL%EVIK OPPOSITION & ?US \TSIDE ! 0(FICIAL0 LABOR MOVEM5T1 EV5 :ILE BE+ P>T ( IT4 ,BUT IT IS = !SE SAME REASONS ?AT H] IDEAS MAY BE TAK5 UP ANEW IF !RE %\LD BE A REVIVAL ( REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM4 ,:]EAS ! ORGANIZATIONS ( ! DEFUNCT ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL HAVE GIV5 UP ALL PRET5SE ( BE+ SOCIALI/ P>TIES1 ! 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ ,M>XISM ( ! EQUALLY DEFUNCT ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL HAS LONG S9CE LO/ ITS REVOLUTION>Y CONNOTATIONS4 ,AL?\< IT HAS BE5 FREQU5TLY ATTEMPT$1 IT IS QUITE IMPOSSIBLE TO SEE 9 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG AN ADVOCATE ( DEMOCRACY 9 ! USUALLY-UND]/OOD S5SE1 EV5 ?\< %E SPOKE 9 T]MS ( MASSES & MAJORITY RULE 9/EAD ( 9 T]MS ( VANGU>D & P>TY DICTATOR%IP4 0,IF ANY?+10 ,NETTL SAYS1 0,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG WAS ANTI-,L59 RA!R ?AN PRO-,M5%EVIK40 ,BE+ RESPONSIBLE = H] MURD] & REJECT+ EV]Y?+ ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG /OOD =1 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY C\LD H>DLY F9D IT POSSIBLE TO UTILIZE H] = ITS [N 5DS4 ,BUT IT ALSO PROV$ IMPOSSIBLE = ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TO FIT ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 9TO ITS IDEOLOGICAL S*EME-EV5 ?\< %E WAS ONE ( ! F\ND]S ( ,G]MAN COMMUNISM4 ,9 A F9AL *APT]1 ,NETTL DEALS ) RECURR+ ATTEMPTS ON ! P>T ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TO ADOPT ! M>TYR$ ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG = ITS [N PURPOSES :ILE REJECT+ ALL H] IDEAS AS FALSE & DETRIM5TAL TO ! COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T4 ,BUT ?IS 9ABILITY TO LEAVE ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG ALONE BETRAYS ! EV] PRES5T HIDD5 FE> ?AT ANY CRITICISM FROM ! PROLET>IAN ,LEFT IS B\ND TO SPEAK ) H] VOICE4 ,! FUNDAM5TAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,L59 & ,LUXEMBURG IS APTLY SUMM$ UP BY ,NETTL 9 HIS OBS]VATION ?AT :ILE 0,L59 5L>G$ TACTICS 9TO A PHILOSOPHY1 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG R$UC$ PHILOSOPHY TO A TACTIC40 ,!RE IS1 9DE$1 NO *ANCE = A RECONCILIATION ( ! TWO4 ,:E!R IT IS ON ! QUE/ION ( ! RELATION BETWE5 MASSES & LEAD]S1 SPONTANEITY & ORGANIZATION1 OR ON ?OSE ( NATIONAL SELF-DET]M9ATION & ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! CON/RUCTION ( SOCIALISM1 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S VIEWS >E NOT ONLY BASICALLY OPPOS$ TO ?OSE ( ,L59 BUT REPRES5T A POSITION :I* 5VISIONS SOCIAL PROGRESS AS LEAD+ DIRECTLY 0FROM HID SOCIETIES40 ,AL?\< %E GAVE 5?USIA/IC SUPPORT TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 9 H] OP9ION1 IT C\LD NOT LEAD TO SOCIALISM1 BUT IT C\LD S]VE ! WORLD-REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS BY HELP+ TO 9ITIATE SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS 9 ! DEVELOP$ ,WE/]N NATIONS4 0,IT IS ! FATAL LOGIC ( ! OBJECTIVE SITUATION10 %E WROTE1 0?AT EV]Y SOCIALI/ P>TY :I* COMES TO P[] 9 ,RUSSIA TODAY MU/ FOLL[ FALSE TACTICS1 AS LONG AS ?IS ADVANCE GU>D ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAN >MY IS LEFT 9 ! LUR* BY ! MA9 BODY40 ,! REVOLUTION C\LD SUCCE$ ONLY IF IT W]E AN 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION4 ,TO ?AT 5D1 ITS TACTICS HAD TO BE DESIGN$ TO SECURE NOT ITS P>TICUL> SUCCESS BUT TO HELP C>RY =W>D ! WORLD REVOLUTION4 ,9 A MANY-FACET$ BOOK SU* AS ,NETTL'S1 NOT ALL ! FACETS WILL BE EQUALLY PRAISEWOR?Y4 ,SOME ( HIS 9T]PRETATIONS ( ! ATTITUDES ( ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 & ?OSE ( O!R P]SONS APPE>+ 9 ! BOOK1 SEEM RA!R DUBI\S & (T5 F>-FET*$4 ,BUT NONE ( ! OBJECTIONS ?AT C\LD POSSIBLY BE RAIS$ IS SUFFICI5TLY DETRACTIVE TO W>RANT DISCUSSION 9 A REVIEW4 ,IT IS SURPRIS+1 H[EV]1 ?AT ,NETTL1 :ILE SPEAK+ AT L5G? ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ITS 9ABILITY TO ASSIMILATE ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 DOES NOT DEAL ) ?AT P>T ( ! ORIG9AL ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY :I* DID C>RY H] WORK =W>D1 I4E1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY 7,K4,A4,P47 9 ,HOLL& & ,G]MANY4 ,ATT5TION MU/ ALSO BE DIRECT$ TO ! 9ADEQUACY ( ,NETTL'S TREATM5T ( ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S MA9 !ORETICAL WORK1 ,! ,ACCUMULATION ( ,CAPITAL4 ,AL?\< ,NETTL RECOGNIZES ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S 9T5TION ( DEVELOP+ AN ECONOMIC !ORY ( IMP]IALISM :I* WAS1 AT ! SAME TIME1 A !ORY ( CAPITALI/ COLLAPSE1 HE FAILS TO DISC]N ITS BASIC DIFF]5CE FROM ,M>X'S !ORY4 ,! LATT] WAS D]IV$ FROM ! CONSI/5T APPLICATION ( ! LABOR !ORY ( VALUE TO ! CAPITAL =MATION PROCESS1 :ILE ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG D]IVES H] [N !ORY FROM DIFFICULTIES 5C\NT]$ 9 ! CIRCULATION PROCESS4 ,= ,M>X1 ! PROBLEM WAS H[ TO PRODUCE SUFFICI5T SURPLUS-VALUE = AN ACCEL]AT$ CAPITAL EXPANSION DESPITE ITS 9H]5T T5D5CY TO R$UCE RATES ( PR(IT4 ,= ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG NOT ! PRODUCTION BUT ! REALIZATION ( SURPLUS-VALUE ?R\< M>KET SALES IS ( CRUCIAL IMPORTANCE4 ,?IS IS :Y %E BASES H] !ORY ON ,M>X'S REPRODUCTION S*EMES1 I4E41 ON ILLU/RATIONS PROVID$ TO DEPICT ! CIRCULATION PROCESS4 ,IT WAS NOT CLAIM$ ?AT !SE REPRODUCTION S*EMES PRES5T$ A PICTURE ( CONCRETE CAPITALI/ REALITY4 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG NOTIC$1 H[EV]1 ?AT !Y GAVE RISE TO DISPROPORTIONALITIES 9S(> AS A PORTION ( ! TOTAL \TPUT C\LD NOT BE SOLD TO EI!R ! CAPITALI/S OR ! WORK]S4 ,! REALIZATION ( PR(IT 9 ! CIRCULATION PROCESS NECESSITAT$ A ?IRD M>KET4 ,?IS ?IRD M>KET WAS PROVID$ BY ! CONT9U\S \TW>D EXT5SION ( CAPITALISM 9TO PRECAPITALI/ REGIONS & EXPLA9$ ! PREVAL5CE ( COLONIALISM & IMP]IALISM4 ,A ?OR\< CAPITALI/ P5ETRATION ( ! WORLD W\LD 5D ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM BECAUSE ( ITS 9ABILITY TO REALIZE PR(ITS )9 A M>KET RE/RICT$ TO CAPITAL-LABOR RELATIONS4 ,IT IS ?IS IDEA1 ACCORD+ TO ,NETTL1 ?AT ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG CONTRIBUT$ TO ! BODY ( ECONOMIC !ORY1 = :AT WAS NE$$ 0WAS A FUNCTION ( DEM& :I* W\LD FURNI%1 NOT ! NE$1 BUT ! EFFECTIVE MEANS ( 'CONSUM+' ! CAUSE ( IMBALANCE1 ! ADDITIONAL \TPUT G5]AT$ BY ! COMPULSIVE QUE/ = PR(ITS40 ,ACTUALLY1 TO BE SURE1 ACCUMULATION IS AT ONCE A PRODUCTION & CIRCULATION PROCESS & HAS ITS DIFFICULTIES 9 EI!R SPH]E4 ,/ILL1 !RE IS ! QUE/ION ( PRIORITY4 ,BY ASSUM+1 = 9/ANCE1 ?AT ! CIRCULATION PROCESS CAUSES NO DIFFICULTIES :ATEV]1 CAPITALISM1 9 ,M>X'S !ORY1 W\LD /ILL T5D T[>D ITS DE/RUCTION BECAUSE ( ! 9CREAS+ DIFFICULTY ( PRODUC+ PR(ITS ADEQUATE TO ! GR[+ MASS ( CAPITAL & ITS EXPANSION REQUIREM5TS4 ,! CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITAL PRODUCTION >E H]E TRAC$ TO !IR F9AL S\RCE1 I4E41 TO PRODUCTION RELATIONS AS VALUE RELATIONS4 ,ALL O!R CONTRADICTIONS FOLL[ FROM ?IS BASIC CONTRADICTION1 9CLUD+ ?AT ( ! REALIZATION ( PR(IT4 ,?IS DOES NOT SPEAK AGA9/ AN 9DEP5D5T TREATM5T ( ! REALIZATION PROBLEM4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE TO %[ H[ ! CONTRADICTIONS ( PRODUCTION WORK !MSELVES \T 9 ! SPH]E ( CIRCULATION1 & H[ DIFFICULTIES 9 ! LATT]1 9 TURN1 AFFECT ! PRODUCTION PROCESS4 ,BUT ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG (F]$ H] !ORY AS A CRITICISM & IMPROVEM5T ( ,M>X'S !ORY ( ACCUMULATION & IT HAS TO BE JUDG$ AS SU*4 ,?IS ,NETTL FAILS TO DO4 ,HE REF]S 9/EAD TO ,JOAN ,ROB9SON1 :OSE COMPET5CE DOES NOT EXT5D TO ,M>X1 & :O SAW 9 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG A VAGUE PR$ECESSOR ( ,J4,M4 ,KEYNES4 ,BUT ,KEYNES'S !ORY IS ITSELF ONLY A WAT]$ D[N V]SION ( ,M>X'S ACCUMULATION !ORY1 EXPRESS$ 9 B\RGEOIS T]MS & APPE>S1 !RE=E1 AS A !ORY ( DEM&4 ,:ILE ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S LAUDABLE ATTEMPT TO ADVANCE BEYOND ,M>X MU/ BE JUDG$ A FAILURE1 IT NONE!LESS DREW ATT5TION TO ! IMP]IALI/ NATURE ( CAPITAL EXPANSION4 ,& BECAUSE IMP]IALISM CAN EFFECTIVELY BE OPPOS$ ONLY BY 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALISM1 9 H] VIEW1 IT WAS NO LONG] POSSIBLE TO UTILIZE NATIONALISM = SOCIALI/IC 5DS4 ,M>X HAD /ILL BE5 ABLE TO DIFF]5TIATE BETWE5 0PROGRESSIVE0 & 0REACTION>Y0 C\NTRIES1 AS WELL AS TO SUPPORT NATIONAL LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS1 EV5 ?\< HE1 TOO1 FAVOR$ ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( SMALL NATIONS UNABLE TO DEVELOP L>GE-SCALE ECONOMIES4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,L591 NATIONAL SELF-DET]M9ATION C\LD /ILL S]VE SOCIALI/ PURPOSES4 ,BY SUPPORT+ NATIONAL ASPIRATIONS ( OPPRESS$ PEOPLE )9 ! ,RUSSIAN EMPIRE1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS HOP$ TO GA9 ! SUPPORT ( !SE PEOPLE 9 !IR 5DEAVOR TO SEIZE P[]4 ,& BY SUPPORT+ NATIONAL MOVEM5TS ?AT W]E DIRECT$ AGA9/ ,WE/]N IMP]IALISM1 !Y HOP$ TO F9D ALLIES 9 !IR [N /RUGGLE = SURVIVAL4 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG OPPOS$ ! ,BOL%EVIK POSITION AS WELL AS ! SOCIAL PATRIOTISM ( ! RE=MI/ CAMP4 ,9 H] OP9ION1 =MAL NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE WAS NO ESCAPE FROM IMP]IALI/ RULE1 & ! /RUGGLE = NATIONAL AUTONOMY WAS N[1 ?R\< =CE ( CIRCUM/ANCES1 A M]E ASPECT ( ! L>G] IMP]IALI/ /RUGGLES = WORLD CONTROL4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,NETTL1 EV5TS DISPROV$ ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S EXPECTATION ?AT CLASS1 NOT NATIONAL1 CONSID]ATIONS W\LD DET]M9E WORK+-CLASS BEHAVIOR4 0,! \TBREAK ( W>10 HE WRITES1 0%[$ CLE>LY ?AT :5 ! CRUN* CAME CLASS ANTAGONISMS W]E SWEPT ASIDE BY NATIONAL SOLID>ITY40 ,!Y HAD BE5 SWEPT ASIDE1 H[EV]1 LONG BE=E ! W>1 :I* WAS PRECISELY ! REASON = ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S 9SI/5CE UPON 9T]NATIONAL CLASS POLITICS4 ,! RE=MI/ LABOR MOVEM5T WAS ITSELF ! RESULT ( A P]IOD ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T NOT CONDUCIVE TO ! GR[? ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,SU* CONSCI\SNESS PRESUPPOSES SITUATIONS ( SOCIAL CRISIS4 ,BUT ! SOCIALI/S' KN[L$GE ( CAPITALISM'S SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CRISIS %\LD PREV5T !M FROM SUCCUMB+ TO ! TEMPOR>Y MOODS ( ! MASSES4 0,DISAPPO9TM5T ) ! MASSES10 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG WROTE1 0IS ALWAYS ! MO/ LAM5TABLE EXCUSE = A POLITICAL LEAD]4 ,A REAL LEAD] DOESN'T ADJU/ HIS TACTIC 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! ATTITUDE ( ! MASSES1 BUT 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( HI/ORY40 ,! NATIONALISM ( ! MASSES ONLY MADE IT MORE IMP]ATIVE TO /RESS 9T]NATIONALISM4 ,ACTUAL HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T SUB/ANTIAT$ ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S POSITION ON ! NATIONAL QUE/ION & ! RIS HAVE BE5 IMP]IALI/ W>S & ALL NATIONAL REVOLUTIONS P>T & P>CEL ( IMP]IALI/ RIVALRIES4 ,) ! CONSOLIDATION ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME1 NATIONAL SELF-DET]M9ATION MADE ROOM = ! C5TRALI/IC CONTROL ( ALL ! T]RITORIES UND] ,RUSSIAN DOM9ATION4 ,! PR9CIPLE ( NATIONAL SELF-DET]M9ATION HAS BECOME A TACTICAL 9/RUM5T = OPPOS+ P[] BLOCS1 JU/ AS IT IS AT PRES5T1 = 9/ANCE1 9 ,S\!A/ ,ASIA4 ,AL?\< ! V>I\S NATIONAL REVOLUTIONS SEEM TO 9DICATE A R5AISSANCE ( NATIONALISM & ! DISSOLUTION ( IMP]IALISM1 ACTUALLY !Y LEAD ONLY TO O!R =MS ( DEP5D5CY1 TO NEOCOLONIALISM1 & TO NEW CLASS /ATES 9/EAD ( TO SOCIALISM4 ,= ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 ! PROLET>IAT WAS NOT !RE 0TO *ANGE ! POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY ( CAPITALI/ /ATES10 NOR TO 0CREATE NEW CLASS /ATES10 BUT TO 5D NATIONALISM AS WELL AS CAPITALISM4 ,( C\RSE1 SOCIALI/ 9T]NATIONALISM CANNOT PREV5T1 NOR HAS IT ANY REASON TO PREV5T1 MOVEM5TS = NATIONAL AUTONOMY & LIB]ATION FROM IMP]IALI/ RULE4 ,ITS SYMPA?IES1 EV5 IF !Y DO NOT EXI/ = !IR EM]G+ NATIONALISM1 >E ) ! OPPRESS$ PEOPLE1 = !IR P>TICUL> PLIDS ! NATIONAL PROBLEM1 ,NETTL F9ALLY ASKS IF IT IS 0POSSIBLE TO BE A ,M>XI/ )\T A*IEV+ NOT ONLY A SUB/ITUTION ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS = PATRIOTIC CONSCI\SNESS1 BUT AN IMM]SION 9 CLASS 9/EAD ( NATION80 ,HE DOES NOT ANSW] ! QUE/ION BUT RAISES ANO!R ONE1 NAMELY1 :E!R OR NOT 0! :OLE SUB/ANTIAL RETURN TO ! NATIONAL UNIT AS FACT & CONCEPT IS ! MO/ RETROGADE . /EP ( ALL80 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG W\LD HAVE ANSW]$ ! FIR/ QUE/ION ) A 0NO0 & ! SECOND ) A 0YES40 ,BUT ?IS RETROGRESSION1 9 H] VIEW1 W\LD ONLY 9DICATE ! DISSOLUTION ( CAPITALISM & ! GREAT] URG5CY = AN 9TEGRAT$ SOCIALI/ WORLD4 ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,M>* #b1 #bba 3 ,REVIEW3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG BY ,J4,P4 ,NETTL -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,REVIEW3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG BY ,J4,P4 ,NETTL -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/