,REVIEW ( ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI'S 0,! ,5D ( ,AN>*ISM80 

#aihc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,AVRI* 

,TEXT 3 

,! C>E] ( ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI 9VOLVES A P>ADOX4 ,DUR+ ! FIR/ TWO DECADES ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 HE WAS ! LEAD+ ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ONE ( ! GREATE/ AN>*I/ ORATORS ( HIS TIME1 9 A CLASS ) ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN & ,JOHANN ,MO/1 $ITOR ( ! =EMO/ ,ITALIAN-,AM]ICAN AN>*I/ P]IODICAL1 ,LA ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA 7,! ,SUBV]SIVE ,*RONICLE71 :I* RAN = FIFTE5 YE>S BE=E ITS SUPPRESSION BY ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T1 & 9SPIR] ( A MOVEM5T ?AT 9CLUD$ ,SACCO & ,VANZETTI AMONG ITS ADH]5TS4 

,YET ,GALLEANI HAS FALL5 9TO OBLIVION4 ,HE IS VIRTUALLY UNKN[N 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 \TSIDE ( A SMALL CIRCLE ( S*OL>S & ( P]SONAL ASSOCIATES & DISCIPLES1 :OSE RANKS >E RAPIDLY DW9DL+4 ,NO BIOGRAPHY 9 ,5GLI% HAS BE5 DEVOT$ TO HIM1 NOR IS HE M5TION$ 9 ! G5]AL HI/ORIES ( AN>*ISM BY ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK & ,JAMES ,JOLL OR 9 ! COMPREH5SIVE HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICAN AN>*ISM BY ,WILLIAM ,REI*]T4 ,HIS WRIT+S1 MOREOV]1 HAD REMA9$ UNTRANSLAT$ UNTIL ! APPE>ANCE ( ! WORK UND] REVIEW1 :I*1 DI/ILL+ ! ESS5CE ( HIS RADICAL BELIEFS1 HIS CR$O ( REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM1 FILLS A CONSPICU\S GAP 9 ! LIT]ATURE ( AN>*ISM AVAILABLE TO ,5GLI% READ]S & RE/ORES A MAJOR FIGURE 9 ! MOVEM5T TO HIS PROP] HI/ORICAL PLACE4 

,GALLEANI WAS BORN ON ,AUGU/ #a#b1 #a#h#f#a1 9 ! ,PI$MONT T[N ( ,V]CELLI1 NOT F> FROM ! CITY ( ,TUR94 ,! SON ( MIDDLE-CLASS P>5TS1 HE WAS DRAWN TO AN>*ISM 9 HIS LATE TE5S &1 /UDY+ LAW AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,TUR91 BECAME AN \TSPOK5 MILITANT :OSE HATR$ ( CAPITALISM & GOV]NM5T W\LD BURN ) UNDIM9I%$ 9T5SITY = ! RE/ ( HIS LIFE4 ,GALLEANI1 H[EV]1 REFUS$ TO PRACTICE LAW1 :I* HE HAD COME TO REG>D ) CONTEMPT1 TRANSF]R+ HIS TAL5TS & 5]GIES TO RADICAL PROPAG&A4 ,UND] ?REAT ( PROSECUTION1 HE TOOK REFUGE 9 ,FRANCE1 FROM :I* HE WAS EXPELL$ = TAK+ P>T 9 A ,MAY ,DAY DEMON/RATION4 ,MOV+ TO ,SWITZ]L&1 HE VISIT$ ! EXIL$ ,FR5* AN>*I/ & GEOGRAPH] ,ELISEE ,RECLUS1 :OM HE ASSI/$ 9 ! PREP>ATION ( HIS ,N\VELLE ,GEOGRAPHIE UNIV]SELLE1 COMPIL+ /ATI/ICS ON ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA4 ,HE ALSO ASSI/$ /UD5TS AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,G5EVA 9 >RANG+ A CELEBRATION 9 HONOR ( ! ,HAYM>KET ,M>TYRS1 :O HAD BE5 HANG$ 9 ,*ICAGO 9 #a#h#h#g1 = :I* HE WAS EXPELL$ AS A DANG]\S AGITATOR4 ,RETURN+ TO ,ITALY1 ,GALLEANI CONT9U$ HIS AGITATION1 :I* GOT HIM 9TO TR\BLE ) ! POLICE4 ,>RE/$ ON *>GES ( CONSPIRACY1 HE SP5T MORE ?AN FIVE YE>S 9 PRISON & EXILE BE=E ESCAP+ FROM ! ISL& ( ,PANTELL]IA1 (F ! COA/ ( ,SICILY1 9 #a#i4 

,GALLEANI1 N[ 9 HIS =TIE? YE>1 BEGAN AN ODYSSEY ?AT L&$ HIM 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 ,AID$ BY ,ELISEE ,RECLUS & O!R COMRADES1 HE FIR/ MADE HIS WAY TO ,EGYPT1 :]E HE LIV$ = ! BETT] P>T ( A YE> AMONG A COLONY ( ,ITALIAN EXPATRIATES4 ,?REAT5$ ) EXTRADITION1 HE MOV$ ON TO ,LONDON1 FROM :I* HE SOON EMB>K$ = ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 >RIV+ 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#a1 B>ELY A MON? AFT] ! ASSASS9ATION ( ,PRESID5T ,MC,K9LEY4 ,SETTL+ 9 ,PAT]SON1 ,NEW ,J]SEY1 A /RON<OLD ( ! IMMIGRANT AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 ,GALLEANI ASSUM$ ! $ITOR%IP ( ,LA ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE -- ,! ,SOCIAL ,QUE/ION1 !N ! LEAD+ ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ P]IODICAL 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,SC>CELY HAD HE 9/ALL$ HIMSELF 9 ?IS POSITION :5 A /RIKE ]UPT$ AMONG ! ,PAT]SON SILK WORK]S1 & ,GALLEANI1 BRAV+ ! ANTI-RADICAL HY/]IA :I* FOLL[$ ! %OOT+ ( ,MC,K9LEY1 ?REW ALL HIS 5]GIES 9TO !IR CAUSE4 ,9 ELOQU5T & FI]Y SPEE*ES HE CALL$ ON ! WORK]S TO LAUN* A G5]AL /RIKE & !REBY FREE !MSELVES FROM CAPITALI/ OPPRESSION4 ,PAUL ,<IO1 A VISITOR FROM ,FRANCE1 WAS PRES5T AT ONE SU* ORATION4 0,I HAVE NEV] HE>D AN ORATOR MORE P[]FUL ?AN ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI10 HE AFT]W>DS WROTE4 0,HE HAS A M>VEL\S FACILITY ) WORDS1 ACCOMPANI$ BY ! FACULTY -- R>E AMONG POPUL> TRIBUNES -- ( PRECISION & CL>ITY ( IDEAS4 ,HIS VOICE IS FULL ( W>M?1 HIS GLANCE ALIVE & P5ETRAT+1 HIS GE/URES ( EXCEPTIONAL VIGOR & FLAWLESS DI/9CTION40 

,! /RIKE OCCURR$ 9 ,JUNE #a#i#b4 ,CLA%ES TOOK PLACE BETWE5 ! WORK]S & ! POLICE1 %OTS W]E FIR$1 & ,GALLEANI WAS W\ND$ 9 ! FACE4 ,9DICT$ = 9CIT+ TO RIOT1 HE MANAG$ TO ESCAPE TO ,CANADA4 ,A %ORT TIME AFT]1 HAV+ RECOV]$ FROM HIS W\NDS1 HE SECRETLY RECROSS$ ! BORD] & TOOK REFUGE 9 ,B>RE1 ,V]MONT1 LIV+ UND] AN ASSUM$ NAME AMONG HIS AN>*I/ COMRADES :O REG>D$ HIM ) 9T5SE DEVOTION4 ,IT WAS 9 ,B>RE1 ON ,JUNE #f1#a#i#c1 ?AT ,GALLEANI LAUN*$ ,LA ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA1 ! M\?PIECE = HIS 9C5DI>Y DOCTR9ES & ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT & ABLY $IT$ P]IODICALS 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 ITS 9FLU5CE1 REA*+ F> BEYOND ! CONF9ES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 C\LD BE FELT :]EV] ,ITALIAN RADICALS CONGREGAT$1 FROM ,EUROPE & ,NOR? ,AFRICA TO ,S\? ,AM]ICA & ,AU/RALIA4 ,9 #a#i#f1 H[EV]1 DUR+ A POLEMICAL EX*ANGE ) ,G4,M4 ,S]ATTI1 ! SOCIALI/ $ITOR ( ,IL ,PROLET>IO 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 ! LATT] REVEAL$ ,GALLEANI'S :]EAB\TS 7A *>GE ALSO LEVEL$ AT ! ,5GLI% WRIT] ,H4,G4 ,WELLS71 & ,GALLEANI WAS TAK5 9TO CU/ODY4 ,EXTRADIT$ TO ,NEW ,J]SEY1 HE WAS TRI$ 9 ,PAT]SON 9 ,APRIL #aig = HIS ROLE 9 ! #aib /RIKE4 ,! TRIAL1 H[EV]1 5D$ 9 A HUNG JURY 7SEV5 = CONVICTION1 FIVE = ACQUITTAL71 & ,GALLEANI WAS SET FREE4 

,GALLEANI RETURN$ TO ,B>RE & RESUM$ HIS PROPAG&A ACTIVITIES4 ,N[ 9 HIS LATE =TIES1 HE HAD REA*$ ! SUMMIT ( HIS 9TELLECTUAL P[]S4 ,OV] ! NEXT =TY YE>S HIS FI]Y ORATORY & BRILLIANT P5 C>RI$ HIM TO A POSITION ( UNDISPUT$ LEAD]%IP )9 ! ,ITALIAN-,AM]ICAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,AN ELOQU5T SPEAK]1 ,GALLEANI HAD A RESONANT1 LILT+ VOICE ) A TREMOLO ?AT KEPT HIS AUDI5CE SPELLB\ND4 ,HE SPOKE EASILY1 P[]FULLY1 SPONTANE\SLY1 & HIS BE>+ WAS ( A K9D ?AT MADE HIS FOLL[]S1 ,SACCO & ,VANZETTI AMONG !M1 REV]E HIM AS A K9D ( PATRI>* ( ! MOVEM5T1 TO :I* HE WON MORE CONV]TS ?AN ANY O!R S+LE 9DIVIDUAL4 ,GALLEANI WAS ALSO A PROLIFIC WRIT]1 P\R+ =? HUNDR$S ( >TICLES1 ESSAYS1 & PAMPHLETS ?AT REA*$ T5S1 P]HAPS HUNDR$S1 ( ?\S&S ( READ]S ON SEV]AL CONT95TS4 ,YET HE NEV] PRODUC$ A FULL-L5G? BOOK3 ! VOLUMES APPE>+ OV] HIS SIGNATURE1 SU* AS ,FACCIA A ,FACCIA COI ,NEMICO1 ,ANELITI E ,S+ULTI1 & ,FIGURE E ,FIGURI1 >E COLLECTIONS ( %ORT] PIECES PREVI\SLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,LA ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT HE RESEMBLES ,JOHANN ,MO/1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 & ,B5JAM9 ,TUCK] 7AU?OR ( ,9/EAD ( A ,BOOK3 ,BY A ,MAN ,TOO ,BUSY TO ,WRITE ,ONE71 RA!R ?AN1 SAY1 ,WILLIAM ,GODW91 ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON1 OR ,PET] ,KROPOTK94 

,! ,5D ( ,AN>*ISM81 ,GALLEANI'S MO/ FULLY REALIZ$ WORK1 ITSELF BEGAN AS A S]IES ( >TICLES4 ,9 ,JUNE #a#i#g1 %ORTLY AFT] ,GALLEANI'S ACQUITTAL AT ,PAT]SON1 ! ,TUR9 DAILY ,LA ,/AMPA PUBLI%$ AN 9T]VIEW ) ,FRANCESCO ,SAV]IO ,M]L9O1 HIMSELF A =M] AN>*I/ ( DI/9CTION1 UND] ! TITLE 0,! ,5D ( ,AN>*ISM40 ,M]L9O1 LIKE ,GALLEANI1 HAD BE5 TRA9$ 9 ! LAW1 HAD LIV$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & HAD F\ND$ AN IMPORTANT ,ITALIAN-,AM]ICAN J\RNAL1 ,GRIDO DEGTI ,OPPRESSI 7,! ,CRY ( ! ,OPPRESS$71 :I* APPE>$ 9 ,NEW ,YORK FROM #ahib TO #a#h#i#d4 ,UNLIKE ,GALLEANI1 H[EV]1 ,M]L9O HAD AB&ON$ AN>*ISM 9 #a#h#i#g1 JO9+ ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,M]L9O1 9 HIS 9T]VIEW ) ,LA ,/AMPA1 PRON\NC$ AN>*ISM AN OBSOLETE DOCTR9E1 TORN BY 9T]NAL DISPUTES1 B]EFT ( FIR/-RATE !ORI/S1 & DOOM$ TO E>LY EXT9CTION4 ,GALLEANI WAS 9C5S$4 0,! 5D ( AN>*ISM80 HE ASK$ 9 ,LA ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA1 ADD+ A QUE/ION M>K TO ! TITLE ( ,M]L9O'S 9T]VIEW4 ,JU/ ! OPPOSITE WAS ! CASE4 ,9 AN AGE ( GR[+ POLITICAL & ECONOMIC C5TRALIZATION1 AN>*ISM WAS MORE RELEVANT ?AN EV]4 ,F> FROM BE+ MORIBUND1 0IT LIVES1 IT DEVELOPS1 IT GOES =W>D04 

,SU* WAS ,GALLEANI'S REPLY TO ,M]L9O1 ELABORAT$ 9 A S]IES ( >TICLES 9TO ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA FROM ,AUGU/ #a#g1#a#i#g1 TO ,JANU>Y #b#e1#a#i#h4 ,COMB9+ ! SPIRIT ( ,/IRN]ITE 9SURG5CY ) ,KROPOTK9'S PR9CIPLE ( MUTUAL AID1 ,GALLEANI PUT =W>D A VIGOR\S DEF5SE ( COMMUNI/ AN>*ISM AGA9/ SOCIALISM & RE=M1 PREA*+ ! VIRTUES ( SPONTANEITY & V>IETY1 ( AUTONOMY & 9DEP5D5CE1 ( SELF-DET]M9ATION & DIRECT ACTION1 9 A WORLD ( 9CREAS+ /&>DIZATION & CON=MITY4 ,A REVOLUTION>Y ZEALOT1 HE W\LD BROOK NO COMPROMISE ) ! ELIM9ATION ( BO? CAPITALISM & GOV]NM5T4 ,NO?+ LESS ?AN A CLEAN SWEEP ( ! B\RGEOIS ORD]1 ) ITS 9EQUALITY & 9JU/ICE1 ITS SUBJUGATION & DEGRADATION ( ! WORK]S1 W\LD SATISFY HIS ?IR/ = ! MILL5NIUM4 

,GALLEANI PRODUC$ T5 >TICLES 9 RESPONSE TO ,M]L9O4 ,HE 9T5D$ TO WRITE /ILL MORE1 BUT DAY-TO-DAY WORK = ! MOVEM5T -- $IT+ ,LA ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA1 ORGANIZ+ MEET+S1 ISSU+ PAMPHLETS1 EMB>K+ ON COA/-TO-COA/ LECTURE T\RS -- PREV5T$ HIM FROM DO+ SO4 ,9 #aiab HE MOV$ ,LA ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA FROM ,B>RE TO ,LYNN1 ,MASSA*USETTS1 :]E HE HAD WON A D$ICAT$ FOLL[+4 

,:5 ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> BROKE \T 9 #a#i#a#d1 HE OPPOS$ IT1 9 CONTRA/ TO ,KROPOTK91 ) ALL ! /R5G? & ELOQU5CE AT HIS COMM&1 D5\NC+ IT 9 ,LA ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA ) AN (T-REPEAT$ SLOGAN1 0,CONTRO LA GU]RA1 CONTRO LA PACE1 P] LA RIVOLUZIONE SOCIALE60 7,AGA9/ ! W>1 AGA9/ ! PEACE1 = ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION67 ,) ,AM]ICA'S 5TRY 9TO ! CONFLICT 9 ,APRIL #a#i#a#g1 ,GALLEANI BECAME ! OBJECT ( P]SECUTION4 ,HIS PAP] WAS %UT D[N & HE HIMSELF WAS >RE/$ ON *>GES ( OB/RUCT+ ! W> EF=T4 ,ON ,JUNE #b#d1 #aiai HE WAS DEPORT$ TO HIS NATIVE ,ITALY1 LEAV+ BEH9D HIS WIFE & F\R *ILDR54 

,9 ,TUR91 ,GALLEANI RESUM$ PUBLICATION ( ,LA ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA4 ,AS 9 ,AM]ICA1 H[EV]1 IT WAS SUPPRESS$ BY ! AU?ORITIES4 ,ON ,MUSSOL9I'S ACCESSION TO P[] 9 #a#i#b#b1 ,GALLEANI WAS >RE/$1 TRI$1 & CONVICT$ ON *>GES ( S$ITION1 & S5T5C$ TO F\RTE5 MON?S 9 PRISON1 :]E HIS HEAL? BEGAN TO DET]IORATE4 ,AFT] HIS RELEASE1 HE RETURN$ TO HIS OLD POLEMIC AGA9/ ,M]L9O1 COMPLET+ IT 9 A S]IES ( >TICLES 9 ,L',ADUNATA DEI ,REFRATT>I 7,! ,CALL ( ! ,REBELS71 ! J\RNAL ( HIS DISCIPLES 9 ,AM]ICA1 :O ISSU$ IT 9 #aibe AS A BOOKLET4 ,MALATE/A1 :OSE CONCEPTION ( AN>*ISM DIV]G$ %>PLY FROM ?AT ( ,GALLEANI1 HAIL$ ! WORK AS A 0CLE>1 S]5E1 ELOQU5T0 RECITAL ( ! COMMUNI/-AN>*I/ CRE$4 ,9 ITS PRES5T ,5GLI% $ITION1 IT TAKES ITS PLACE BESIDE ,MALATE/A'S [N ,TALK ,AB\T ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM1 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN'S ,:AT ,IS ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*ISM81 & ,NICOLAS ,WAIT]'S ,AB\T ,AN>*ISM AS A CLASSIC EXPOSITION ( ! SUBJECTS4 

,IT IS A PLEASANT TASK1 9 ?IS AGE ( %ODDY PRODUCTION1 TO REVIEW A WORK ( SU* NOTABLE ES!TIC QUALITY4 ,AP>T FROM ITS H&SOME COV] BY ,FLAVIO ,CO/ANT9I1 ! CELEBRAT$ ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ WRIT]1 IT IS ATTRACTIVELY DESIGN$ & PR9T$1 & ! FRONTISPIECE CONTA9S A DRAW+ ( ,GALLEANI1 BAS$ ON A WELL-KN[N PHOTOGRAPH1 BY ,B>TOLO ,PROVO4 ,! TRANSLATION BY ,MAX ,S>T91 LONGTIME $ITOR ( ,L',ADUNATA DEI ,REFRATT>I & ASSOCIATE ( ,GALLEANI1 & ,ROB]T ,D',ATTILIO1 AN AU?ORITY ON ,ITALIAN-,AM]ICAN AN>*ISM1 IS BO? READABLE & ACCURATE4 ,!RE >E A NUMB] ( TYPOGRAPHICAL & FACTUAL ]RORS1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! NOTES1 BUT !SE1 :ILE REGRETTABLE1 DO NOT DETRACT FROM ! OV]ALL VALUE ( ! BOOK4 

,! PUBLICATION ( ! ,L',ADUNATA $ITION ( ?IS WORK 9 #aibe DID NOT 5DE> ,GALLEANI TO ! ,MUSSOL9I GOV]NM5T4 ,>RE/$ 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#b#f1 ,GALLEANI WAS LOCK$ UP 9 ! SAME CELL 9 :I* HE HAD SP5T ?REE MON?S 9 #ahib & F\ND IT 0AS DIRTY & UGLY0 AS BE=E4 ,SOON AFT]W>DS1 HE WAS BANI%$ TO ! ISL& ( ,LIP>I1 (F ! ,SICILIAN COA/1 FROM :I* HE WAS LAT] REMOV$ TO ,MESS9A1 & CONDEMN$ TO S]VE SIX MON?S 9 PRISON1 = ! CRIME ( 9SULT+ ,MUSSOL9I4 ,9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#c4 ,GALLEANI1 9 FAIL+ HEAL?1 WAS ALL[$ TO RETURN TO ! MA9L&4 ,RETIR+ TO ! M\NTA9 VILLAGE ( ,CAPRIGLIOLA1 HE REMA9$ UND] ! SURVEILLANCE ( ! POLICE1 :O SELDOM LEFT HIS DOOR & FOLL[$ HIM EV5 ON HIS SOLIT>Y WALKS 9 ! SURR\ND+ C\NTRYSIDE4 ,RETURN+ FROM HIS DAILY WALK1 ON ,NOVEMB] #d1#a#i#c#a1 ,GALLEANI COLLAPS$ & DI$4 ,HIS AN>*ISM1 TO ! 5D1 HAD BURN$ ) AN UNDIM9I%$ FLAME4 ,EV] HOPEFUL = ! FUTURE1 DESPITE A LIFE ( BITT] EXP]I5CE1 HE HAD REMA9$ FAI?FUL TO ! IDEAL :I* HAD 9SPIR$ HIS LIFE1 CONV9C$ ?AT LIB]TY W\LD ULTIMATELY TRIUMPH OV] TYRANNY & OPPRESSION4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aihb 3 ,REVIEW ( ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI'S 0,! ,5D ( ,AN>*ISM80 -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#e1 #bb 3 ,REVIEW ( ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI'S 0,! ,5D ( ,AN>*ISM80 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,REVIEW ( ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI'S 0,! ,5D ( ,AN>*ISM80 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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