,RETORT ,SPECIAL ,AN?OLOGY ,ISSUE1 #a#i#d#b-#a#i#e#a 

#aieb 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,HOLLEY ,CANT9E 

,TEXT 3 

#a4 ,$ITORIAL BY ,HOLLEY ,R4 ,CANT9E1 ,JR4 

,RETORT1 ,A QU>T]LY J\RNAL ( ,AN>*ISM1 >T & REVIEWS1 ,SPR+1 #aide 

REPR9T$ 9 ,RETORT ,SPECIAL ,AN?OLOGY ,ISSUE1 #a#i#d#b-#a#i#e#a4 ,RETORT WAS ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ BY ! ,RETORT ,PRESS1 ,BE>SVILLE1 ,NEW ,YORK2 ,HOLLEY ,R4 ,CANT9E1 ,JR41 ,$ITOR4 

,9 A PURELY NEGATIVE S5SE1 AN>*ISM TODAY PROBABLY HAS MORE ADH]5TS ?AN ANY O!R S*OOL ( ?\<T4 ,NEV] BE=E 9 HI/ORY HAS ! ,/ATE REVEAL$ ITSELF MORE NAK$LY AS AN ORGAN ( REPRESSION & EXPLOITATION2 NEV] BE=E HAVE POLITICAL CORRUPTION & 9COMPET5CE BE5 SO WIDELY KN[N & ACCEPT$ AS 9EVITABLE4 ,! WORK+ /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY IS SPE$ILY DIS9TEGRAT+1 & 9 ! PROCESS ! VALIDITY ( ! 9SI<TS ( E>LY AN>*I/ ?9K]S LIKE ,PR\DHON & ,BAKUN9 IS BE+ DEMON/RAT$ ) A CL>ITY = :I* !Y C\LD SC>CELY HAVE D>$ TO HOPE4 

,IRONICALLY1 H[EV]1 DESPITE ?IS WIDESPREAD & GR[+ AW>5ESS ( ! ESS5TIAL ACCURACY ( AN>*I/ !ORY 7NOT1 ( C\RSE1 BAS$ ON ANY KN[L$GE ( ?AT !ORY1 BUT SIMPLY ON UNAVOIDABLE EMPIRICAL EVID5CE7 !RE HAS BE5 NO SIGNIFICANT GR[? ( AN ORGANIZ$ AN>*I/ MOVEM5T :I* MI<T GIVE IT DIRECTION & D$ICATION4 ,ORGANIZ$ AN>*ISM1 ?\< IT HAS GR[N SOME:AT 9 REC5T YE>S1 IS /ILL A FEEBLE M9ORITY MOVEM5T1 PROBABLY ) NO MORE ADH]5TS1 & V]Y POSSIBLY ) FEW] ?AN IT POSSESS$ FIFTY YE>S AGO4 ,H[ CAN ONE ACC\NT = ?IS EXTRAORD9>Y DISCREPANCY8 ,:ILE IT IS CLE>LY TOO MU* TO EXPECT ?AT AN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T W\LD RISE OV]NI<T TO A POSITION ( DOM9ANCE 9 POLITICAL LIFE1 IT W\LD SURELY SEEM PROBABLE1 9 VIEW ( ! OBVI\SLY V]Y WIDESPREAD MI/RU/ ( GOV]NM5TS & POLITICIANS 9 ! WORLD TODAY1 ?AT SU* A MOVEM5T %\LD BE 9CREAS+ ITS NUMB]S & 9FLU5CE FAIRLY RAPIDLY4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS IS NOT OCCURR+ TO ANY OBS]VABLE EXT5T4 

,! PR9CIPAL REASON = ?IS PH5OM5ON IS UND\BT$LY ! FACT ?AT MO/ ( ! PEOPLE :O HAVE BECOME DISILLUSION$ 9 POLITICS HAVE BE5 SO B5UMB$ BY ! V]Y =CES ?AT HAVE DISILLUSION$ !M ?AT !Y HAVE 5TIRELY CEAS$ ?9K+ 9 T]MS ( SOCIAL ACTION4 ,! ,/ATE HAS NOT ONLY REVEAL$ ITSELF AS A =CE AS MALEVOL5T & MALEFIC5T AS ! MO/ HY/]ICAL AN>*I/ HAD EV] DESCRIB$ IT1 BUT IT HAS1 AT ! SAME TIME1 REVEAL$ ITS 5ORM\S P[] = DE/ROY+ OPPOSITION & CRU%+ ! DISSID5T 9DIVIDUAL4 ,! KN[L$GE ?AT ! ,/ATE IS A MON/] B5T ON DE/ROY+ ALL HUMANE VALUES1 HAS1 = ! MO/ P>T1 BE5 D]IV$ FROM ! FACT ?AT ! ,/ATE1 9 SEV]AL C\NTRIES--NOTABLY ,NAZI ,G]MANY & ,/AL9I/ ,RUSSIA--HAS PROCE$$ TO ACT ?IS WAY ) T]RIFY+ BRUTALITY & F]OCITY4 ,! NATURAL REACTION TO SU* A DISCOV]Y HAS BE5 TO BE P>ALYZ$ BY T]ROR RA!R ?AN TO CALMLY SEEK ME?ODS ( ORGANIZ+ RESI/ANCE4 ,EV5 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES1 LIKE ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E ! ,/ATE HAS NOT YET A*IEV$ ITS FULL /ATURE AS AN ANTI-HUMAN =CE1 MO/ ( ! PEOPLE :O HAVE BE5 %[N ITS ESS5TIAL NATURE & =ESEE ITS PROBABLE FUTURE DEVELOPM5T HAVE BE5 TOO DISQUIET$ BY ! KN[L$GE TO DO ANY?+ BUT LOOK = A PLACE TO HIDE4 ,! V]Y SUDD5NESS ( ! REVELATION HAS BE5 SO /UNN+ ?AT RESI/ANCE HAS APPE>$ FUTILE & ACTION T[>DS AN ALT]NATIVE =M ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION HOPELESS4 

,NEV]!LESS1 BAD AS ! OBJECTIVE EVID5CE ( ! DEPRAVITY & P[] ( ! ,/ATE HAS BE51 MANY 9DIVIDUALS >E EI!R TOO OPTIMI/IC OR TOO C\RAGE\S TO BE MADE COMPLETELY HOPELESS BY RECOGNIZ+ IT4 ,& ! RESPONSIBILITY = ! FAILURE ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T TO GA9 /R5G? FROM !SE ELEM5TS RE/S TO A L>GE EXT5T ) ?AT MOVEM5T ITSELF4 ,GRANT$ IT WAS NOT PREP>$ = ! SITUATION4 ,ITS NUMB]S DEPLET$ 9 ! '#bS & E>LY '#cS BY ! APP>5TLY OV]:ELM+ SUCCESS ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,REVOLUTION1 IT HAD FEW EXP]I5C$ PROPAG&I/S OR !ORI/S LEFT4 7,9 ?IS C\NTRY AT LEA/1 ONE R>ELY 5C\NT]S A MIDDLE-AG$ AN>*I/ :O HAS BE5 9 ! MOVEM5T = LONG2 !Y >E NE>LY ALL OV] #f OR WELL UND] #d4 ,VIRTUALLY AN 5TIRE G5]ATION DROPP$ \T ( ! MOVEM5T BETWE5 #aiah & #aicf OR #g47 ,MOREOV]1 ?OSE :O HAD REMA9$ 9 ! SEEM+LY DOOM$ MOVEM5T DID SO PRIM>ILY \T ( S5TIM5TALITY1 & !IR MA9 CONTRIBUTION TO ! CURR5T P]IOD HAS BE5 A /UBBORN UNWILL+NESS TO REL9QUI% ANY VE/IGE ( ! OLD IDEAS1 !REBY CREAT+ AN ATMOSPH]E ( SECT>IANISM :I* HAS HAD A V]Y DISC\RAG+ EFFECT ON NEW CONV]TS4 

,ANO!R FACTOR IS NOT AT ALL UNIMPORTANT 9 MY OP9ION1 NOT ONLY AS A REASON :Y AN>*ISM FAILS TO GR[ TODAY1 BUT ALSO :Y IT HAS NEV]1 EXCEPT 9 ! SOME:AT DILUT$ =M ( SYNDICALISM1 SUCCE$$ 9 ATTRACT+ A WIDE FOLL[+ 9 ! PA/4 ,AN>*ISM1 S9CE ITS 9CEPTION1 HAS BE5 PRIM>ILY A MOVEM5T ( SOCIAL CRITICISM & PROTE/4 ,9 ?IS IT HAS NOT DIFF]$ CONSPICU\SLY FROM O!R RADICAL T5D5CIES1 EXCEPT = ONE IMPORTANT P>TICUL>4 ,MO/ O!R =MS ( RADICALISM EXPECT TO A*IEVE !IR OBJECTIVE BY TAK+ OV] ! ,/ATE1 EI!R ?R\< ! VOTE OR BY 9SURRECTION1 & 9 !IR PREP>ATIONS = ?IS TASK !Y HAVE BE5 ABLE TO PROVIDE A GREAT DEAL ( ,A,P,P,>,5,T,L,Y ,P,U,R,P,O,S,E,F,U,L CONCRETE ACTIVITY = !IR FOLL[]S4 ,AN>*ISM1 ON ! O!R H&1 S9CE IT VISUALIZES A ,C,O,M,P,L,E,T,E,L,Y ,N,E,W =M ( SOCIETY1 CANNOT CONSI/5TLY 5GAGE 9 ! TYPE ( %ORT-T]M ACTIVITIES ?AT PROVIDE ! MA9 \TLET = ! 5]GIES ( ! FOLL[]S ( MORE CONV5TIONAL RADICAL GR\PS4 ,POLITICAL RALLIES1 ELECTIONE]+1 NOM9AT+ CONV5TIONS-- ALL ! ?RILLS & ACTIVITY ( A POLITICAL CAMPAIGN-->E MANIFE/LY IMPOSSIBLE = A MOVEM5T :OSE C5TRAL ASSUMPTION IS ?AT POLITICAL ACTION IS BO? FUTILE & DANG]\S4 ,BUT Y\NG PEOPLE1 ESPECIALLY ?OSE :O HAVE JU/ BEGUN TO SUSPECT ?AT ! /ATUS QUO IS FUNDAM5TALLY ROTT51 HAVE LOTS ( PHYSICAL 5]GY & A BURN+ NE$ = ACTION1 :I* CAN BE SATISFI$1 AT LEA/ TEMPOR>ILY1 BY ! MANY ACTIVITIES ?AT A POLITICAL P>TY--EV5 A SMALL1 P[]LESS ONE--REQUIRES DUR+ ELECTION CAMPAIGNS4 ,! LACK ( AN EQUIVAL5T 9 AN>*I/ ACTIVITY HAS BE5 A POT5T LIABILITY TO ! MOVEM5T4 

,! SYNDICALI/ W+ ( AN>*ISM HAS BE5 ABLE1 9 C]TA9 P]IODS & V>I\S PLACES--NOTABLY ,SPA91 TO PROVIDE AN ADEQUATE SUB/ITUTE = SU* ACTIVITY3 ORGANIZ+ ! UNORGANIZ$ WORK]S 9 UNIONS1 AGITAT+ /RIKES1 ETC4 ,TODAY1 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 H[EV]1 ?IS \TLET IS NO?+ LIKE :AT IT WAS :5 ! ,I,W,W WAS 9 ITS HEYDAY #c OR #d YE>S AGO4 ,MO/ ( ! WORK]S >E ALREADY 'ORGANIZ$' & ! TASK ( ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ IS NO LONG] ?AT ( GO+ 9TO COMP>ATIVELY VIRG9 T]RITORY TO PROPAGATE ! IDEA ( WORK]S' SOLID>ITY1 P]HAPS AT ! RISK ( HIS LIFE4 ,RA!R1 IT IS ! MU* MORE DISC\RAG+ & DEMORALIZ+ JOB ( P]SUAD+ ! WORK]S ?AT !IR PRES5T UNIONS >E NO GOOD & ?AT !Y %\LD =M NEW ONES4 ,:ILE MANY WORK]S KN[ ALL TOO WELL ?AT ! EXI/+ UNIONS >E 5TIRELY 9CAPABLE ( SATISFY+ !IR REAL NE$S & DEM&S1 !Y >E TOO DISILLUSION$ & APA!TIC TO BE MU* IMPRESS$ BY ! IDEA ?AT NEW UNIONS C\LD IMPROVE CONDITIONS4 

,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T %\LD PAY MORE ATT5TION TO ?IS PROBLEM ?AN !Y HAVE DONE 9 ! PA/4 ,! E>LY AN>*I/ ?9K]S = ! MO/ P>T T5D$ TO ASSUME ?AT ONCE ! WORK]S BECAME AW>E ( ! TRUE NATURE ( ! ,/ATE1 !Y W\LD ACT SPONTANE\SLY TO OV]?R[ IT & SET UP A NEW SOCIETY4 

,?IS ASSUMPTION HAS N[ BE5 COMPLETELY REFUT$ BY EV5TS4 ,)\T A CONCRETE PROGRAM ( ACTION1 ! WORK]S SIMPLY LAPSE 9TO APA?Y & RESIGNATION1 H[EV] MU* !Y MAY BE CONV9C$ ( ! EVILS ( ! EXI/+ SOCIETY4 

,S9CE IT IS CLE>LY RIDICUL\S = A MOVEM5T :OSE PRIM>Y BELIEF IS ?AT ALL GOV]NM5T IS USELESS & DANG]\S TO 5GAGE 9 SPECIFICALLY POLITICAL ACTIVITY1 ! AN>*I/S WILL HAVE TO DEVELOP A NONPOLITICAL PROGRAM1 PROBABLY C5T]$ >\ND V>I\S WORK-PROJECTS 9 :I* AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES ( LIV+ & WORK+ >E PUT 9TO PRACTICE TO ! EXT5T ?AT CONDITIONS P]MIT4 ,! TRANSITION TO A FREE SOCIETY IS GO+ TO BE MU* MORE DIFFICULT ?AN ! OLD AN>*I/S IMAG9$2 ! PR9CIPLES ( MUTUAL AID1 FREE ASSOCIATION & EQUALITY WILL HAVE TO BE WORK$ \T MU* MORE CONCRETELY ?AN !Y >E TODAY1 IF !Y >E TO W9 WIDE ACCEPTANCE4 ,!Y CAN BE/ BE IMPLEM5T$ BY ACTUAL EXP]IM5TS-- WORK%OPS1 F>M COMMUNES1 COOP]ATIVE H\SES1 ETC4-- :I* CONSCI\SLY SET \T TO PUT !SE PR9CIPLES 9 PRACTICE & TO DISCOV] :I* =MS ( ORGANIZATION & 9DIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR >E REQUIR$ = !IR A*IEVEM5T4 ,:ILE ! PRES5T EMPHASIS ON !ORETICAL DISCUSSION & CAMPAIGNS ( RESI/ANCE TO SPECIFIC EVILS LIKE CONSCRIPTION CANNOT BE NEGLECT$1 ! MOVEM5T NE$S ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES TO PROVIDE IT ) A MORE POSITIVE & CON/RUCTIVE PROGRAM4 

,IT MAY BE OBJECT$ ?AT ! SORT ( PEOPLE :O NE$ ACTION 9 ORD] TO REMA9 9 ! MOVEM5T W\LD BE ( NO ULTIMATE VALUE TO AN>*ISM4 ,I FEEL ?AT ?IS IS A GREAT MI/AKE4 ,AN>*ISM1 :I* ASPIRES TO BECOME A WAY ( LIFE = ALL MANK9D1 CANNOT BASE ITSELF TODAY1 9 ITS 9FANCY1 ON ! CONCEPT ?AT IT IS ONLY = A *OS5 FEW4 ,UNLESS IT CAN F9D WAYS ( REA*+ & ATTRACT+ ADH]5TS ON A MASS SCALE1 IT CAN NEV] BE MORE ?AN A SECT4 ,I DO NOT MEAN TO SUGGE/ ?AT WE %\LD ALT] OR DEBASE \R PR9CIPLES & !ORIES TO MAKE !M MORE ACCEPTABLE TO ! 'AV]AGE MAN'1 AS MANY ( ! POLITICAL RADICALS HAVE DONE4 ,BUT SURELY AN>*ISM IS RI* 5\< 9 POT5TIALITIES ?AT IT %\LD BE REA*+ MANY MORE PEOPLE ?AN IT IS AT PRES5T4 ,MOREOV]1 S9CE AN>*ISM IS A PHILOSOPHY :I* EMBRACES ALL HUMAN ACTIVITY1 IT IS BE+ BADLY S]V$ BY A MOVEM5T :I* CONF9ES ITSELF TO ONLY A FEW SMALL >EAS ( HUMAN BEHAVIOR4 

,FUR!R DISCUSSION & SUGGE/IONS ON ?IS QUE/ION >E 9VIT$4 

,H4,C4 

#b4 ,RESI/ANCE 9 ,PRISON BY ,CLIF ,B5NET 

,RETORT1 ,A QU>T]LY J\RNAL ( ,AN>*ISM1 >T & REVIEWS1 ,W9T]1 #aidi 

REPR9T$ 9 ,RETORT ,SPECIAL ,AN?OLOGY ,ISSUE1 #a#i#d#b-#a#i#e#a4 ,RETORT WAS ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ BY ! ,RETORT ,PRESS1 ,BE>SVILLE1 ,NEW ,YORK2 ,HOLLEY ,R4 ,CANT9E1 ,JR41 ,$ITOR4 

,N,O,T,E3 ,! FOLL[+ >TICLE IS FROM \R =?COM+ ,PRISON ,AN?OLOGY4 

,= ?OSE :O WANT A PREVIEW ( ! ,AM]ICAN POLICE /ATE 9 ACTION1 COMPLETE ) DI/+UI%+ V>IATIONS FROM ! ,EUROPEAN MODEL1 ?IRTY-TWO ,F$]AL CORRECTIONAL & P5AL 9/ITUTIONS (F] UNLIMIT$ RESE>* FACILITIES4 ,5TRANCE REQUIREM5TS >E /IFF1 BUT ! EXP]I5CE MAY PROVE 9VALUABLE TO ANYONE LOOK+ = A SL+%OT TO USE AGA9/ ! NEW ,GOLIA?4 

,ORGANIZ+ RESI/ANCE )9 A PRISON REQUIRES AN UND]/&+ ( ! 9MATE'S /ATE ( M9D4 ,HE CANNOT EX]CISE 9ITIATIVE OR *OICE1 NOR MAY HE EXPRESS HIMSELF FREELY 9 ANY WAY4 ,HIS 9DIVIDUALITY IS LIMIT$ TO MAK+ 0,BIG ,DEAL0 TALK ) O!R CONS AB\T H[ MANY ,PACK>DS & ,BILLY ,ROSE BLONDS WAIT = HIM \TSIDE ! WALLS4 ,) HIS EGO ?OR\<LY SQUA%$ & TRAMPL$ ON1 HE IS FUR!R CRAMP$ EMOTIONALLY BY ! PROHIBITION AGA9/ %[+ SYMPA?Y OR SOLID>ITY ) A MI/REAT$ FELL[ 9MATE4 0,EV]Y MAN DOES HIS [N TIME10 IS ! IRON SOPHI/RY ( ! WALL$ CITY4 ,! UNI=MS >E !RE TO SEE ?AT Y\ KEEP Y\R EYES /RAI<T AHEAD :ILE ! MAN NEXT TO Y\ IS SLUGG$ & DRAGG$ D[N ! CORRIDOR TO ! /RIP CELL4 

,?US />V$ = AN OPPORTUNITY TO AFFIRM !IR HUMANITY1 PRISON]S FALL BACK HEAVILY ON ! OLD ,AM]ICAN SUB/ITUTES = HONE/ EMOTION3 ,PATRIOTISM & ,MAMA4 ,! ,F$]AL PRISONS HAD ONE ( ! HI<E/ RECORDS 9 ! C\NTRY = ,W> ,BOND SALES4 ,NO CELL IS COMPLETE )\T A PICTURE ( ,MAMA1 & NO ISSUE ( ! PRISON PAP] ESCAPES SOME MAUDL9 ,$G> ,GUE/ 9T5T ON EXPLA9+ ! P>TICUL> VIRTUES ( HIS MAT]NAL P>5T4 

,! SPR+BO>D = ACTION :I* WILL RE/ORE SOME SEMBLANCE ( ,MAN TO ! NUMB]$ FRAGM5TS 9SIDE ! WALL IS ALWAYS SOME IMM$IATE GRIEVANCE FELT BY ! PRISON BODY AS A :OLE OR BY SOME SIZABLE GR\P )9 IT4 ,USUALLY IT IS ! PRISON FOOD1 :I* APPE>S ON ! M5U BO>D 9 ! MESS HALL UND] A V>IETY ( ALLUR+ NAMES--& ALWAYS TURNS \T TO BE LUMPY BREAD PUDD+4 

,FOOD /RIKES MAY BE DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! 5TIRE MEAL1 ) ! M5 REFUS+ TO LEAVE !IR QU>T]S :]E POSSIBLE1 OR M>*+ ?R\< ! MESS HALL ) EMPTY TRAYS IF ATT5DANCE !RE IS COMPELL$4 ,:]E ! ACTION IS DIRECT$ AGA9/ A SPECIFIC ITEM ( FOOD1 9MATES >E WIS$ UP BY ! GRAPEV9E AHEAD ( *[ TIME1 & TAKE EV]Y?+ BUT ! OBJECTIONABLE FOOD4 ,AS A V>IATION ( ! FOOD BOYCOTT DIRECT$ AGA9/ ONE ITEM1 ! SCRAPPLE1 ROTT5 FRANKFURT]S OR GREASY POTATOES MAY BE TAK51 HIDD5 9 A SCRAP ( PAP]1 OR PAP] NAPK91 & DROPP$ TO ! WALK UPON LEAV+ ! MESS HALL4 ,IT IS UNLIKELY TO REAPPE> ON ! TABLES1 P>TICUL>LY AFT] ! ,ASSOCIATE ,W>D5 HAD TO WADE ?R\< IT TO ,(FIC]S' ,MESS4 

,S9CE REFUSAL TO EAT CANNOT BE F]RET$ \T AS AN ASSAULT ON ! PRISON ADM9I/RATION1 IT IS A GOOD 9ITIAL MOVE PRIOR TO A /RIKE4 ,9 BO? ! M9IMUM & MAXIMUM CU/ODY 9/ITUTIONS1 WE F\ND ?AT A FOOD BOYCOTT1 ONCE POPUL>1 T5D$ NATURALLY TO BECOME A WORK /RIKE4 ,ONCE ! PRISON]S HAD REFUS$ A MEAL1 !Y GA!R$ 9 LITTLE GR\PS 9 ! Y>D4 0,NO EAT1 NO WORK10 !Y SAID4 ,& ! H>DI] S\LS AMONG !M W\LD REFUSE TO REPORT TO !IR WORK DETAIL4 

,! EXTREME =M ( ! FOOD BOYCOTT IS ! HUNG] /RIKE4 ,:5 A L>GE NUMB] ( M5 TAKE ?IS ACTION1 IT CANNOT BE EXPECT$ TO LA/ MORE ?AN A DAY OR TWO AT ! LONGE/4 ,! HUNG] /RIKE IS BETT] ADAPT$ TO ! USE ( 9DIVIDUALS OR SMALL1 HI<LY D$ICAT$ GR\PS ) A LONG-RANGE VIEW ( :AT IS TO BE ACCOMPLI%$4 

,9 ANY ACTION TAK5 BY ! PRISON POPULATION AS A GR\P1 ! 9ITIATORS MU/ BE FAMILI> ) ! R\T9E /EPS TO PUT D[N RESI/ANCE1 & ! WORK+ RULES = RELATIONS ) ! PRISON AU?ORITIES DUR+ TIMES ( UNRE/4 ,! PRISON (FICIALS WILL USE3 

7#a7 ,S(T SOAP4 ,! CONFID5CE MAN ON ! PRISON /AFF1 USUALLY ! ,W>D5 OR AN ,ASSOCIATE ,W>D51 WILL TRY TO HAVE ! /RIK]S H]D$ 9TO ! AUDITORIUM &1 ) ! PRESCRIB$ COMB9ATION ( /]NNESS & PAT]NAL CONC]N1 WILL PROMISE !M ! MOON IF !Y GET BACK 9TO H>NESS4 

7#b7 ,9TIMIDATION4 ,?IS MAY BE DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! GR\P AS A :OLE1 OR 9DIVIDUALS SUSPECT$ AS TR\BLEMAK]S MAY BE WE$$ \T & BR\<T TO ! ,W>D5'S ,(FICE = A REPRIM& & W>N+4 ,SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T1 LOSS ( 'GOOD TIME'1 & %IPM5T TO A T\<] P5 >E ! USUAL ?REATS4 

7#c7 ,VIOL5CE4 ,PICK H&LES >E A FAVORITE WEAPON4 ,WAT] HOSES >E SOMETIMES US$2 IF ONE ( !SE IS BR\<T 9TO A CELL BLOCK PRISON ETIQUETTE DEM&S ?AT Y\ USE MATTRESSES & BLANKETS = %ELT] SO ! (FIC]S MAY DE/ROY PRISON PROP]TY )\T Y\R WA/+ 5]GY ON ! JOB4 ,TE> GAS & GUNS >E BR\<T \T ONLY 9 EXTREME SITUATIONS2 ! ,AM]ICAN PRISON GU>D DOES NOT AS A RULE DEVELOP A GREAT DEAL ( P]SONAL ANIMOSITY EV5 9 CRITICAL MOM5TS4 ,HIS ATTITUDE IS 0,?AT'S ! REGULATIONS40 ,HE W\LD UND\BT$LY LOCK UP HIS [N FA!R ) ! SAME IMP]SONAL LOYALTY TO ! ,(FIC]S' ,MANUAL4 

,TO MEET ! 9EVITABLE S(T SOAP1 ! /RIK]S MU/ HAVE A CLE> IDEA ( !IR OBJECTIVE4 ,!Y MU/ HAVE A DEF9ITE DEM&1 OR SET ( DEM&S1 :I* IT IS POSSIBLE = ! ADM9I/RATION TO MEET ,!Y MU/ AGREE BE=E /RIK+ ?AT !Y WILL NOT RETURN TO WORK UNTIL !SE DEM&S >E GRANT$ OR ! /RIKE IS BROK5 BY =CE4 ,!Y MU/ PRES5T !SE DEM&S AT ! FIR/ *ANCE4 

,TO 9SURE ! CONT9UATION ( ! /RIKE AFT] ! SPOKESM5 >E S5T TO SOLIT>Y OR %IPP$ 7USUALLY 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! NI<T1 OR :ILE ! POPULATION IS LOCK$ 9 CELL BLOCKS7 A SUCCESSION ( LEAD]%IP %\LD BE AGRE$ ON1 ) ALT]NATE CONTACTS 9 EA* CELL BLOCK4 

,:5 VIOL5CE IS US$ BY ! (FICIALS1 PASSIVE RESI/ANCE IS MO/ EFFECTIVE 9 PRISON4 ,IT IS SOMETIMES DIFFICULT TO ADH]E TO1 BUT WILL RESULT 9 9CREAS$ SYMPA?Y FROM ?OSE NOT /RIK+ & WILL CONS]VE ! REBELLI\S SPIRIT ( ! M5 = FUTURE ACTION4 ,AN EXCESS ( VIOL5CE ON ! P>T ( ! 9MATES1 EV5 9 SELF-DEF5SE1 WILL EXHAU/ !IR >DOR & PO/PONE A RESURG5CE = A LONG TIME4 ,AS 9 GU]RILLA W>F>E1 ! OBJECTIVE IS NOT ! 9DIVIDUAL 5EMY1 BUT HIS MAT]IALS1 MEANS ( COMMUNICATION & MORALE4 

,LEAD]%IP MU/ BE AL]T TO ALL LOCAL DEVELOPM5TS ( VALUE TO ! /RIK]S4 ,9 ! ,DANBURY PRISON /RIKE ( #aidf ! ADM9I/RATION WAS AW>E ( PLANS = A /RIKE BECAUSE ( NEWS RELEASES S5T \T BY COORD9AT+ GR\PS 9 ! 'FREE WORLD'4 ,A FAKE DEMON/RATION WAS HELD 9 ! PRISON Y>D ON ! DAY BE=E ! /RIKE WAS S*$UL$ 9 ! HOPE ?AT PRISON (FICIALS MI<T ?9K ?AT WAS ! LIMIT ( ! DI/URBANCE4 ,! FOLL[+ DAY WAS ,L9COLN'S ,BIR?DAY & ! /RIKE MI<T HAVE BE5 A DISMAL FAILURE HAD NOT ! (FICIALS OBLIG+LY ORD]$ ALL M5 TO REPORT TO !IR WORK ASSIGNM5TS ON ! MORN+ ( ?AT DAY4 

,DANBURY PRISON AT ?AT TIME HELD A L>GE NUMB] ( ,NEGRO ,SELECTIVE ,S]VICE CASES1 MO/ ( :OM WORK$ 9 ! PRISON 9DU/RY1 A GLOVE FACTORY4 ,! 9ITIAL AGITATION WAS !RE=E DIRECT$ AT ! ,NEGRO CELL BLOCK1 ) ! RESULT ?AT ! PRISON 9DU/RY WAS CLOS$ D[N1 HALF ! POPULATION DEMON/RAT$ & SANG SONGS 9 ! Y>D1 & TWO OR ?REE HUNDR$ REFUS$ TO BE 5TIC$ 9TO ! MESS HALL BY A *ICK5 D9N]4 

,AT ! SAME PRISON1 ! 9MATE PAP] WAS $IT$ BY A COMPANY MAN :O DIFFUS$ MORE ?AN ! ORD9>Y SMELL ( POLECAT4 ,:5 HE PUT \T AN ISSUE URG+ ACCEPTANCE ( ! (FICIALS' PLAN = AN ,9MATE ,ADVISORY ,C\NCIL 7COMPANY UNION71 ALL AVAILABLE COPIES W]E GA!R$ UP 9 EV]Y CELL BLOCK1 TI$ TOGE!R 9 A BUNDLE & DELIV]$ TO ! ,W>D5 )\T COMM5T4 

,9 ! ,LEWISBURG /RIKE ( #a#i#d#g1 ! ADM9I/RATION PUT =W>D ?IS COMPANY UNION PROPOSAL RI<T 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! FIREWORKS4 ,SLIPS ( PAP] W]E DI/RIBUT$ TO EV]Y CELL1 SO ! 9MATE MI<T 9DICATE HIS *OICE ( REPRES5TATIVES = ! PROJECT$ P9T-SIZ$ P>LIAM5T4 ,! SEWAGE DISPOSAL SY/EM WAS JAMM$ ) PAP] SLIPS = SEV]AL H\RS4 

,:E!R ! POLITICAL PRISON]S >E SEGREGAT$ OR MIX$ ) ! MESSAGES ?R[N FROM ! W9D[ TO O!R 9MATES4 ,ONE ( \R 9V5TIVE G5IUSES TOOK A C\PLE ( PIECES ( TOILET TISSUE1 SME>$ !M LIB]ALLY ) /ALE MU/>D1 WRAPP$ !M 9 ANO!R PIECE ( TISSUE1 & TOSS$ !M \T4 ,! UNI=M FELL = IT & ELB[$ A C\PLE ( 9MATES \T ( ! WAY 9 HIS DA% TO PICK UP ! 0SECRET MESSAGE04 ,HE GOT IT1 ALL RI<T1 & LOOK$ MI<TY SILLY GLANC+ FROM HIS SME>$ H&S TO \R W9D[4 

,IF Y\ HAVE A LOT ( TIME ON Y\R H&S1 AN ILLEGAL NEWSPAP] CAN BE PUBLI%$ & DI/RIBUT$ ) ! MO/ PRIMITIVE EQUIPM5T4 ,A T9 CAN1 MILK BOTTLE1 OR %AP$ PIECE ( WOOD1 OR ! SOLE ( A %OE WILL =M A SIMPLE MIMEOGRAPH MA*9E4 ,A PIECE ( BLANKET WILL MAKE A MIMEOGRAPH PAD4 ,Y\ CAN CEM5T IT TO ! T9 CAN ETC4 ) A HI<LY EFFICI5T GLUE MADE ( OATMEAL /RA9$ ?R\< A SOCK4 ,/5CILS & 9K MAY BE 0BORR[$0 FROM ! PRISON (FICE BY ANO!R 9MATE4 ,IF GELAT9 CAN BE OBTA9$ FROM ! PRISON KIT*51 A DUPLICATOR CAN BE MADE1 US+ ANY FLAT CONTA9] = ! GELAT91 & AN 9DELIBLE P5CIL = ! MA/] COPY4 ,IF Y\ CAN'T GET PAP] ANY O!R WAY1 DO :AT ONE ( \R BOYS 9 SOLIT>Y DID3 WA% ! PR9T (F MAGAZ9E PAGES4 

,AS CONDITIONS GET TI<T]1 Y\ MAY F9D Y\RSELF LOCK$ SECURELY 9 9DIVIDUAL CELLS4 ,IF !RE IS A HALF 9* ( SPACE UND] ! DOOR AS !RE USUALLY IS1 FLAT OBJECTS MAY BE PASS$ FROM ONE CELL TO ANO!R BY MAK+ A ?9 ROPE ( TI$ %OELACES OR %EET /RIPS ) A WEI<T AT ONE 5D4 ,?IS CAN BE SKIDD$ ACROSS ! CORRIDOR & UND] A DOOR ON ! OPPOSITE SIDE4 ,BETWE5 FLOORS ! V5TILAT+ SY/EM MAY BE US$ = TALK+4 ,USEFUL ?+S LIKE *ECK]S1 *ESS PIECES & SO ON MAY BE FA%ION$ FROM A PAPI] MA*E MADE ( %R$D$ NEWSPAP]S ) OATMEAL PA/E = B9D]4 ,!RE >E A HUNDR$ WAYS TO MA9TA9 Y\R MORALE1 & ON OCCASION1 TO L[] ?AT ( Y\R OPPON5T4 ,ONCE1 :5 FEEL+ P>TICUL>LY MOROSE1 ,I *E]$ MYSELF UP BY CONV]T+ ?REE FULL-SIZE %EETS 9TO A PAIR ( ROPE-SOL$ %OES1 & FA%ION$ A M$IC9E BALL \T ( F\RTE5 SETS ( W9T] UND]WE> & A LAUNDRY BAG4 

,:5 !RE >E ONLY A T9Y H&FUL ( RESI/]S1 ! MO/ DRAMATIC ACTIONS >E 9ADVISABLE4 

,!Y MAY BE SUPPLANT$ BY CAUTI\S SABOTAGE & ! /UPIDITY /RIKE1 PLUS SL[D[N :]EV] APPLICABLE4 ,! PLUMB+1 LI<T+ & COMMUNICATION SY/EMS >E VULN]ABLE4 ,S*WEIKISM IS ! LA/ RESORT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL RESI/]4 ,H[ MU* MAT]IAL HE MAY DAMAGE 9 HIS WELL-MEAN+ BLUND]+ IS A MATT] = ! PRISON BOOKKEEP+ SY/EM4 

,?IS MATT] ( ! BOOKKEEP+ SY/EM BR+S UP ! ANGLE ( GETT+ ! DROP ON AN (FICIAL BY UNCOV]+ MANIPULATIONS ) ! PRISON BUDGET4 ,9 ONE ,F$]AL PRISON1 IT WAS F\ND ?AT A ?REE-WAY SPLIT EXI/$ BETWE5 ! W>EH\SE (FIC]1 MEAT DEAL] & FRONT (FICE4 ,! MEAT ORD]$ W\LD TOTAL #d P\NDS4 ,! DEAL] W\LD DELIV] #c1 BUT ! W>EH\SEMAN W\LD RECEIPT = ! FULL AM\NT %[N ON ! BILL & ! FRONT (FICE W\LD PAY = IT4 ,! TAKE W5T ?REE WAYS4 

,9 ANO!R PRISON1 A #c' BY #b#e' FRAME %OP ) A DIRT FLOOR CO/ @s#c TO BUILD ) FREE LABOR1 :ILE A *ICK5 H\SE ( C9D] BLOCK RAN TO @s#a1 ) ! SAME FREE LABOR4 ,SIX 9*ES ( S& WAS DUMP$ ON ! FLOOR1 TO BE SCRAP$ UP & ?R[N \T ! SAME YE>4 ,IRREGUL>ITIES ( ?IS SORT RUN ?R\< ! :OLE ,BUREAU ( ,PRISONS1 & IT IS A R>E GU>D OR (FICIAL :O IS NOT L9+ HIS POCKET ) CA% OR MAT]IAL COV]$ BY ! JAILH\SE BUDGET4 

,! WA/E :I* IS A UNIQUE FEATURE ( ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY IS %>PLY EVID5T 9 PRISON4 ,(T51 FOOD PRODUC$ ON ! PRISON F>M WILL BE LEFT ON ! GR\ND TO ROT :ILE ! M5 9SIDE ! WALL BEL* ALONG ON ET]NAL BEANS & BREAD PUDD+4 ,?IS OCCURS BECAUSE PRISON BOOKKEEP+ SY/EMS DEM& ?AT ! FOOD FROM ! PRISON F>M BE *>G$ AGA9/ ! KIT*5 AT ! M>KET PRICE4 ,AT ,LEWISBURG ,P5IT5TI>Y1 A L>GE PORTION ( ! TOMATO CROP ROTT$ 9 #aidf BECAUSE ! M>KET PRICE ( TOMATOES HAPP5$ TO BE TOO HI< TO P]MIT ! CONS TO EAT ! FOOD !Y HAD RAIS$4 

,PRISON IS AN UNHAPPY P>ABLE ( LIFE 9 0\TSIDE0 SOCIETY6 

#c4 ,!RE IS ,NO ,SOCIAL ,CONTRACT6 7,$ITORIAL7 BY ,HOLLEY ,R4 ,CANT9E1 ,JR4 

,RETORT1 ,A QU>T]LY J\RNAL ( ,AN>*ISM1 >T & REVIEWS1 ,W9T]1 #aidg 

REPR9T$ 9 ,RETORT ,SPECIAL ,AN?OLOGY ,ISSUE1 #a#i#d#b-#a#i#e#a4 ,RETORT WAS ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ BY ! ,RETORT ,PRESS1 ,BE>SVILLE1 ,NEW ,YORK2 ,HOLLEY ,R4 ,CANT9E1 ,JR41 ,$ITOR4 

,!RE /ILL APPE> TO BE LIB]ALS1 :O :ILE !Y MAY BE SKEPTICAL ( ! JU/ICE1 P[]1 OR POT5TIAL A*IEVEM5TS ( ! ,U4,N41 FAIL TO SEE ! 9JU/ICE1 >BITR>9ESS1 & 9V>IABLE FAILURE ( ! S+LE 'NATION' OR /ATE4 

,FEW >E SO NAIVE AS TO SUPPOSE ?AT ! PRES5T PEACE %[ IS ANY?+ MORE ?AN A VEHICLE ( P[] POLITICS1 :I*--IF IT HAS EV5 ?AT FUNCTION--ALLOCATES ! DIVISION1 REPRESSION & RULE OV] SMALL] 'NATIONS'4 

,YET :5 ! P[] ( ANY P>TICUL> /ATE1 MORE P>TICUL>LY !IR [N OR SOME P[] !Y CONCEIVE TO BE REPRES5TATIVE ( !M--IS CALL$ 9TO QUE/ION1 !Y IMM$IATELY HURL AB\T 'LAWFULLY DELEGAT$ F$]ATION'1 'JU/ & EQUITABLE COMMONWEAL?'4 ,!Y CONCEIVE ( ! '/ATE' AS POSSESS+ P[]S ?AT WILL PREV5T !IR H\SE FROM BE+ BROK5 9TO & ROBB$4 

,SU* LIB]ALS RES5T ! *>GE ?AT !Y CONSID] MAN TO BE FUNDAM5TALLY EVIL4 ,:5 ONE PO9TS \T ?AT EV5 9 T]MS D]IV$ FROM !IR [N BELIEFS1 ! /ATE C\LD !N BE NO?+ MORE ?AN A CO]CIVE 9/RUM5T = PROTECT+ ! MAJORITY ( GOOD M5 FROM ! SMALL NUMB] ?AT IS EVIL1 !Y >E NOT CONT5T4 

,! MORE SOPHI/ICAT$ LIB]ALS1 P>TICUL>LY ?OSE ) ACADEMIC PHILOSOPHICAL TRA9+1 PRET5D TO BELIEVE ?AT ! P[]S ( ! /ATE >E DELEGAT$ ?R\< A SOCIAL CONTRACT BY M5 ?AT >E NEI!R GOOD NOR EVIL1 BUT CAPABLE ( BO?4 ,IT IS1 !N1 AGA9/ ! EVIL 9 ALL M51 RA!R ?AN EVIL M51 ?AT ! /ATE DEVOLVES ITS P[]S4 ,BUT CONSID] ! BLATANT IDIOCY ( ! CLAIM ?AT ! /ATE IS AN AG5CY = ! PREV5TION ( ! EVIL 9 MAN'S NATURE FROM RIS+ TO ASC5DANCY1 7CF4 ,CALV9ISM7 :5 WE CAN SEE ?AT ! ORGANIZ$ EVIL ( ! /ATE1 P]HAPS MORE 9 CONTEMPOR>Y TIMES ?AN EV] BE=E1 HAS NO MAT* = SETT+ LOOSE ! SATANIC FURIES ?AT >E SUPPOS$ TO LURK 9 M5--?AT V]Y /ATE DESIGN$ TO PROTECT ! GOOD 9 M54 

,! QUE/ION WE MU/ ASK !SE M51 :O 9 YE>S ( SU* TRANSP>5T CYNICISM & DESPOND5CY HAVE 'EVOLV$' 9 !IR ?9K+ FROM ,R\SSEAU TO ,HOBBES1 IS3 IF MAN IS NEI!R GOOD NOR EVIL1 :Y IS EVIL SO MU* MORE P[]FUL ?AN GOOD1 ?AT AN ,O,R,G,A,N,I,Z,A,T,I,O,N ( GOOD--! /ATE--IS REQUIR$ TO KEEP ! EVIL 9 *ECK8 ,FUR!RMORE1 H[ DO !Y RECONCILE !IR DEF9ITION ( ! /ATE AS AN ORGANIZATION ( ! GOOD 9 MAN ) ITS BE+ A ',N,E,C,E,S,S,>,Y EVIL'4 ,LIB]ALS WILL TIME & AGA9 GIVE ?IS S*IZOID DEF9ITION ( '! /ATE'4 

,9 ?IS CONNECTION !Y USE SOCIETY & ! /ATE 9T]*ANGEABLY1 >GU+ ?AT IF !RE W]E NO /ATE !RE W\LD BE NO ORGANIZ$ SOCIETY2 PROGRESSIVES CONT9U+ 9 ?IS VE91 FEEL ?AT ! 9CREAS+ COMPLEXITY & CORRUPTION >E 9H]5T & 9EVITABLE4 ,! IDEA OR POSSIBILITY ( E/ABLI%+ A SOCIETY ( SIMPLICITY & /ATELESSNESS IS CONSEQU5TLY 9COMPREH5SIBLE TO !M4 

,WE MU/ OMIT 'NECESS>Y' FROM ! DEF9ITION & SUB/ITUTE 'UNMITIGAT$'4 ,! /ATE IS AN UNMITIGAT$ EVIL4 ,ASIDE FROM ! USUAL DISC]NIBLE REASONS1 !RE IS A FUR!R ONE ?AT MU/ BE RECOGNIZ$ BY RADICALS3 ?AT IS1 ! IRRESPONSIBILITY--:I* IF MAN MAY BE SAID TO HAVE ANY 9H]5T QUALITIES--SEEMS TO BE 9H]5T 9 MAN4 ,MAN 9V>IABLY & WILL+LY REL9QUI%ES HIS 9DIVIDUAL DUTIES TO A GR\P4 ,IT IS NOT M]ELY GULLIBILITY1 :I* MANY ( US HAVE HI!RTO BELIEV$ TO BE A DOM9ANT CAUSE = ! FAILURE ( REVOLUTIONS SU* AS ! ,RUSSIAN2 IT IS ! UNWILL+NESS ( 9DIVIDUAL M5 TO ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY = !IR [N WELL BE+4 

,IT DOES NOT APPE> LIKELY ?AT ANY SATISFACTORY SOCIAL *ANGE WILL OCCUR UNTIL MAN HAS DEVELOP$ AN +RA9$ MI/RU/ ( ALL =MS ( 9/ITUTIONS & ORGANIZATIONS1 EXCEPT P]HAPS SMALL GR\PS )9 :I* HE FUNCTIONS ) FULL RESPONSIBILITY & AN EQUAL %>E ( CONTROL4 ,WE MAY NO LONG] ?9K 9 T]MS ( SOCIAL CONTRACT--P[] DELEGAT$ BY US TO SOME MY?ICAL ORGANIZATION ( ! POPUL> WILL4 ,= :ILE !RE IS AN ORGANIZATION ( A SMALL M9ORITY ( PEOPLE ) P[] OV] US ALL1 ITS P[] IS NOT DELEGAT$2 IT IS USURP$4 ,!,R,E ,I,S ,N,O ,S,O,C,I,A,L ,C,O,N,T,R,A,C,T6 

#d4 ,>T3 ,PLAY & ITS ,P]V]SIONS BY ,HOLLEY ,CANT9E 

,RETORT1 ,A QU>T]LY J\RNAL ( ,AN>*ISM1 >T & REVIEWS1 ,FALL1 #aidg 

REPR9T$ 9 ,RETORT ,SPECIAL ,AN?OLOGY ,ISSUE1 #a#i#d#b-#a#i#e#a4 ,RETORT WAS ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ BY ! ,RETORT ,PRESS1 ,BE>SVILLE1 ,NEW ,YORK2 ,HOLLEY ,R4 ,CANT9E1 ,JR41 ,$ITOR4 

,I4 

,NE>LY ALL ( ! HI<] ANIMALS1 ESPECIALLY :5 !Y >E Y\NG1 PREF] TO OCCUPY !MSELVES A GOOD P>T ( ! TIME ) ACTIVITY ?AT HAS NO DIRECT PRACTICAL VALUE4 ,9 ALL SAVE MAN1 ?IS ACTIVITY IS ( A PURELY PHYSICAL NATURE--JUMP+1 RAC+1 FRISK+ AB\T1 OR PRET5D+ TO FI<T ) ONE ANO!R4 ,MAN1 AS A RESULT ( HIS MORE HI<LY DEVELOP$ 9TELLECT1 & ! ACCUMULAT$ CULTURE PRODUC$ BY IT1 HAS BUILT UP A COMPLEX RANGE ( PLAY4 ,9 SOME ( ITS =MS1 HUMAN PLAY RESEMBLES ?AT ( ! O!R ANIMALS TO A L>GE EXT5T1 BUT O!R =MS HAVE BECOME SO REF9$ & ALT]$ ?AT IT IS FREQU5TLY DIFFICULT TO RECOGNIZE ?AT !Y BELONG 9 ! SAME CATEGORY4 

,PROBABLY ! MO/ WIDELY MISUND]/OOD ( ! =MS ( HUMAN PLAY >E ?OSE FIELDS ( ACTIVITY :I* >E CLASSIFI$ AS ! F9E >TS--MUSIC1 POETRY1 PA9T+ & SO =?4 ,SO MU* HAS BE5 WRITT5 ATTEMPT+ TO PROVE ?AT >T POSSESSES SOME 'HI<]' OR AT LEA/ FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE1 ?AT IT IS ONLY BY OBS]V+ ! BEHAVIOR ( SMALL *ILDR51 :O HAVE NOT YET BECOME FULLY CONSCI\S ( !IR SOCIAL ROLE1 & :O SPONTANE\SLY ALT]NATE S++1 DANC+ & PLA/IC >T ) ! PLAYFUL ACTIONS ( O!R SPECIES1 ?AT ONE CAN SEE IT 9 ITS PROP] P]SPECTIVE4 

,IT IS G5]ALLY RECOGNIZ$ ?AT PLAY IS NATURAL & NECESS>Y = SMALL *ILDR51 BUT IT IS WIDELY HELD ?AT IT IS SOMEH[ 9APPROPRIATE & B5EA? ! DIGNITY ( ADULTS4 ,9 MANY SOCIETIES1 P>TICUL>LY ?OSE ?AT >E BAS$ ON CLASS OR /ATUS /RATIFICATION1 ADULT PLAY IS ACTIVELY DISC\RAG$4 ,AT A C]TA9 AGE1 :I* V>IES SOME:AT DEP5D+ ON CULTURE1 CLASS & HI/ORICAL P]IOD1 BUT :I* R\<LY CO9CIDES ) PUB]TY1 ! 9DIVIDUAL'S DESIRE = PLAY IS RA!R ABRUPTLY SUBJECT$ TO A CONC]T$ CAMPAIGN ( RIDICULE & REPRESSION4 ,HE IS N[ NO LONG] A *ILD & %\LD CEASE TO BEHAVE LIKE ONE4 ,! TIME HAS COME :5 HE MU/ ASSUME ! RESPONSIBILITIES & DIGNITY ( ADULT /ATUS4 

,IT IS ! PURPOSE ( ?IS >TICLE TO ATTEMPT TO DEMON/RATE ?AT ! REPRESSION ( ! PLAY IMPULSE 9 ADULTS IS AN >BITR>Y & L>GELY H>MFUL PROCESS1 :I* RESULTS FROM ! COMPULSIONS IMPOS$ BY CLASS /RATIFICATION4 ,! PLAY IMPULSE %\LD BE RECOGNIZ$ AS AN IMPORTANT P>T ( MAN'S FUNDAM5TAL NATURE1 & PROVID$ ) ADEQUATE \TLETS1 FREE FROM GUILT & %AME4 ,MOREOV]1 ! SEP>ATION BETWE5 *ILDHOOD & MATURITY IS NOT IMPOS$ BY NATURE AS A %>P BREAK4 ,! PROCESS ( HUMAN MATURATION IS NATURALLY SMOO? & GRADUAL1 & ! NATURALLY MATUR$ 9DIVIDUAL DIFF]S FROM A *ILD ONLY 9 ! EXT5T ( HIS KN[L$GE1 ! SUBTLETY ( HIS P]CEPTIONS1 & HIS GREAT] PHYSICAL /R5G?1 COORD9ATION & PATI5CE4 

,I,I4 

,9 MO/ SOCIETIES ?AT HAVE DEVELOP$ BEYOND ! LEVEL ( SIMPLE HUNT+ OR AGRICULTURE1 !RE EXI/S A DIFF]5TIATION ( ! /ATUS ( 9DIVIDUALS 9 T]MS ( SOCIAL P[]1 PRE/IGE1 & CONSEQU5TLY1 9 MANY 9/ANCES1 ( ECONOMIC PRIVILEGE4 ,! CONCEPT ( /ATUS DIFF]5TIATION CAN >ISE 9 A SOCIETY 9 A NUMB] ( WAYS3 FROM RELIGION1 AS 9 ,POLYNESIA & C]TA9 ,AFRICAN K+DOMS2 AS A RESULT ( ! CONQUE/ & SUBJUGATION ( ONE GR\P BY ANO!R2 OR SIMPLY FROM ! GR[? ( DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 DIFF]5T OCCUPATIONAL GR\PS )9 A SOCIETY4 ,EV5 )9 A SIMPLE EQUALIT>IAN SOCIETY1 LIKE ! ,&AMAN ,ISL&]S OR ! ,PLA9S ,9DIANS1 /ATUS DIFF]5TIATION1 ON ! BASIS ( AGE & A*IEVEM5T MAY OCCUR4 ,ONCE A SY/EM ( /ATUS HAS BE5 E/ABLI%$1 9 :ATEV] MANN]1 IT DEVELOPS A LIFE ( ITS [N1 & P]SI/S ) EXTRAORD9>Y T5ACITY FROM ONE G5]ATION TO ! NEXT4 

,! ASCRIPTION ( HI<] /ATUS TO ADULTS ?AN TO *ILDR5 POSSESSES A C]TA9 ELEM5T>Y LOGIC ESPECIALLY )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( PRIMITIVE ECONOMICS1 :]E SUCCESS 9 ! QUE/ = FOOD DEP5DS ON A FAIRLY HI< DEGREE ( COORD9ATION & EXP]I5CE4 ,H[EV]1 EV5 ?IS NATURAL BASIS = DIFF]5TIATION T5DS TO PRODUCE UN=TUNATE PSY*OLOGICAL CONSEQU5CES4 ,IT GIVES RISE TO A CONT9UAL PRESSURE ON ! Y\NG] MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNITY TO GR[ \T ( !IR 9F]IOR /ATUS AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE & TO REG>D EV]Y?+ ASSOCIAT$ ) ?AT /ATUS AS CONTEMPTIBLE & UNWOR?Y4 ,:]E ! RISE 9 /ATUS IS DIRECTLY L9K$ ) PHYSICAL MATURATION1 & ! A*IEVEM5T ( HI<] /ATUS IS VIRTUALLY AUTOMATIC ONCE ONE REA*ES A C]TA9 LEVEL ( PHYSICAL PR[ESS1 ?IS EMPHASIS IS NOT 5TIRELY H>MFUL1 AL?\< ! EMPHASIS ON /ATUS A*IEVEM5T FREQU5TLY T5DS TO SPE$ UP ! PROCESS ( SOCIAL MATURATION UNTIL IT IS \T ( H>MONY ) ITS PHYSICAL BASIS1 & RU% ! 9DIVIDUAL 9TO ADULT /ATUS BE=E HE IS REALLY READY = IT--?US GIV+ RISE TO UNNECESS>Y ANXIETIES & T5SIONS4 ,BUT :5 ADVANCEM5T 9 /ATUS IS NOT DIRECTLY A CONSEQU5CE ( MATURATION1 & :]E1 AS 9 MO/ CLASS SOCIETIES1 ! A*IEVEM5T ( ADULT /ATUS DOES NOT PRES5T ! 9DIVIDUAL ) A WID] RANGE ( POSSIBLE ACTIVITY1 BUT ! REV]SE1 ITS PSY*OLOGICAL CONSEQU5CES1 >E ?OR\<LY DEPLORABLE4 

,= ! L[] LEVELS ( /ATUS 9 A CLASS SOCIETY1 ! AM\NT ( ADVANCEM5T POSSIBLE IS USUALLY V]Y LITTLE--PRACTICALLY SPEAK+1 ! ONLY C]TA9 WAY ! UNPRIVILEG$ 9DIVIDUAL CAN ADVANCE HIMSELF 9 /ATUS IS BY GR[+ UP4 ,9 A CLASS SOCIETY1 ADVANCEM5T 9 /ATUS IS ALMO/ 9V>IABLY ONE ( ! MAJOR PREOCCUPATIONS ( ! PEOPLE1 SO ! PRESSURE ON *ILDR51 BO? 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL1 TO REL9QUI% !IR '9F]IOR' *ILDLIKE WAYS & BECOME ADULTS IS 5ORM\S1 EV5 :5 !RE IS NO IMM$IATE ECONOMIC NE$ = IT4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 H[EV]1 ADULT /ATUS 9 A CLASS SOCIETY P]MITS GREAT] SCOPE = ! 9DIVIDUAL'S POT5TIALITIES ONLY 9 ! REALM ( SEXUAL ADV5TURES4 ,9 VIRTUALLY EV]Y O!R RESPECT1 HE IS MU* MORE CIRCUMSCRIB$ ?AN HE WAS AS A *ILD1 BO? BY ! PRESSURE ( ECONOMIC NECESSITY & ?AT ( SOCIAL TABOOS4 ,ESPECIALLY ON ! L[] LEVELS ( /ATUS1 ADUL?OOD IS DEF9$ 9 L>GELY NEGATIVE T]MS--! ?+S ONE CAN NO LONG] DO )\T LOS+ FACE >E MANY1 :ILE ! NUMB] ( ?+S HE CAN N[ DO ?AT HE WAS PREV5T$ FROM DO+ AS A *ILD IS FAIRLY NEGLIGIBLE4 ,HE IS FREE TO TAKE A JOB--9 FACT COMPELL$ TO--BUT ! POSSIBILITY ( EX]CIS+ HIS FACULTIES 9 HIS WORK IS 9F9ITESIMAL 9 COMP>ISON ) ! CREATIVE \TLETS ?AT EV5 A SLUM-*ILD POSSESSES1 & HE IS /RONGLY DISC\RAG$ FROM DO+ ANY?+ CREATIVE :5 HE IS NOT WORK+1 BY ! FE> ( BE+ CONSID]$ *ILDI%4 

,! L[] ONE GOES 9 ! SOCIAL HI]>*Y1 ! E>LI] ! AGE ( SOCIAL MATURITY MANIFE/S ITSELF4 ,ON ! BOTTOM1 :]E ! ,O,N,L,Y SOCIAL ADVANCE IS FROM *ILDHOOD TO 'MATURITY'1 BOYS 9 !IR E>LY TE5S >E ALREADY SCORNFUL ( *ILDI%NESS & >BITR>ILY LIMIT !IR PLAY TO SU* 'ADULT' PA/IMES AS SMOK+1 DR9K+1 GAMBL+ & =NICAT+4 

,9 ! HI<] LEVELS ( ! HI]>*Y1 ! PRESSURE ON *ILDR5 TO GR[ UP IS SOME:AT LESS 9T5SE4 ,*ILDHOOD LA/S SOME:AT LONG]1 & ! TRANSITION IS MORE GRADUAL1 BUT ! PROCESS IS NOT REM>KABLY DIFF]5T & ! 5D-RESULT IS ALMO/ AS LIMIT$ & CIRCUMSCRIB$4 

,! DESIRE = PLAY IS CONSID]ABLY /RONG] ?AN ANY EF=TS ?AT CAN BE MADE TO DE/ROY IT BY SOCIAL PRESSURE1 BUT :5 IT IS PREV5T$ FROM MANIFE/+ ITSELF NATURALLY & SPONTANE\SLY IT T5DS TO BECOME FURTIVE & TWI/$4 ,ADULT PLAY1 9 A CLASS SOCIETY1 EXCEPT = ! FEW FIELDS :I* >E D5I$ TO *ILDR5--*IEFLY SEX & ! 9DULG5CE 9 /RONG DR9K--MU/ DISGUISE ITSELF AS USEFUL WORK 9 ORD] TO BE SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE4 ,9 MO/ PRE-CAPITALI/ CLASS SOCIETIES1 ! >TS >E ID5TIFI$ ) RELIGION2 DANC+1 ! PLA/IC >T1 MUSIC & POETRY ALL T5D TO BECOME 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! RELIGI\S RITUALS ( ! SOCIETY1 & ?US BECOME WOR?Y OCCUPATION = ADULTS4 

,9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 S9CE RELIGION HAS DECL9$ 9 IMPORTANCE1 O!R JU/IFICATIONS MU/ BE F\ND4 ,= ! MAJORITY ( ADULTS1 VIRTUALLY ! ONLY SOCIALLY SANCTION$ =M ( PLAY IS ATT5D+ SPECTACLES4 ,!SE >E USUALLY DISGUIS$ AS BUS9ESS TRANSACTIONS BY *>G+ ADMISSION2 ! P]=M]S1 S9CE !Y >E PAID = PRACTIC+ !IR >T1 >E1 ACCORD+ TO ! PECULI> LOGIC ( CAPITALISM1 WORK]S1 & !RE=E RESPONSIBLE MEMB]S ( SOCIETY--BASEBALL PLAY]S1 B& LEAD]S & MUSICIANS1 MOVIE ACTORS >E ALL WORK]S4 ,C>D-PLAY+1 :I* IS ONE ( ! FEW O!R K9DS ( PLAY ?AT A 'RESPONSIBLE' ADULT MAY 9DULGE 91 MU/ ALSO BE DONE = MONEY1 ?US CONVEY+ ! ILLUSION ?AT IT IS A =M ( BUS9ESS 5T]PRISE4 

,UND] CAPITALISM1 WORK IS BROADLY DEF9$ AS ANY ACTIVITY ?AT CAN COMM& A PRICE ON ! M>KET4 ,IT CAN BE NO MORE ?AN TIME SP5T SITT+ >\ND & DO+ NO?+ AT ALL--NOT EV5 WAT*+ OR WAIT+ = SOME?+ TO HAPP5 ?AT REQUIRES ATT5TION4 ,?US1 DUR+ ! LATE W> IT WAS A NOT UNCOMMON PRACTICE = FACTORIES WORK+ ON GOV]NM5T CONTRACTS TO HIRE MORE M5 ?AN !Y C\LD USE & PAY ! EXTRA ONES WAGES )\T GIV+ !M ANY?+ TO DO1 S9CE !Y W]E PAID = !IR S]VICES TO ! GOV]NM5T 9 PROPORTION TO ! NUMB] ( M5 !Y EMPLOY$4 ,!SE M51 AL?\< CONSPICU\SLY IDLE1 W]E CONSID]$ WORK]S4 ,!Y HAD TO REPORT = 'WORK' EV]Y DAY & REMA9 ON ! PREMISES UNTIL QUITT+ TIME1 JU/ AS IF !RE WAS SOME?+ = !M TO DO4 ,?IS IS A RA!R EXTREME EXAMPLE1 BUT ! SAME BASIC IDEA IS PRES5T 9 ALL JOBS UND] CAPITALISM4 ,! ACTIVITY CAN BE 5TIRELY MEAN+LESS1 BUT IT IS WORK IF IT IS PAID =4 

,UND] CAPITALISM1 !RE=E1 >T IS CONSID]$ WORK :5 IT IS SALABLE1 EI!R AS A COMMODITY--A PA9T+1 = 9/ANCE--OR AS A SKILL4 ,AN >TI/ :O CANNOT SELL HIS >T IS NOT CONSID]$ A FULL ADULT1 UNLESS1 AS SOMETIMES HAPP5S1 HE IS RETROACTIVELY CONV]T$ 9TO A WORK] BY F9D+ A M>KET = HIS HI!RTO WOR?LESS PRODUCTS4 ,?IS PH5OM5ON IS FREQU5TLY TO BE OBS]V$ 9 ! FATE ( ! PA9T+S ( A SO-CALL$ PRIMITIVE PA9T]1 :O PA9TS AS A HOBBY1 ) NO ?\<T ( ! M>KET--& IS G5]ALLY CONSID]$ A CRAZY ECC5TRIC BY HIS NEI<BORS--!N !Y *ANCE TO FALL 9TO ! H&S ( A PR(ESSIONAL >T DEAL] & >E SOLD BY HIM = FABUL\S PRICES4 

,?OSE >TI/S :OSE >T IS NOT SALABLE1 BUT :O = ONE REASON OR ANO!R P]SI/ 9 IT--REFUS+ TO ACQUIESCE 9 ! SOCIALLY ACCEPT$ DEF9ITION ( WORK]-->E 9 A DIFFICULT POSITION 9 ! MATT] ( /ATUS4 ,!Y >E1 9 ! MA91 JE]$ AT AS *ILDI%1 & S9CE ONLY A V]Y /RONG P]SON CAN )/& ?IS K9D ( PRESSURE )\T BE+ AFFECT$ BY IT 9 SOME WAY1 MO/ ( !M T5D TO WORK \T V>I\S RATIONALIZATIONS = !IR >T1 :I*1 :ILE !Y R>ELY SATISFY ! MORE 'RESPONSIBLE' MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNITY1 AT LEA/ AF=D ! >TI/S !MSELVES A P>TIAL RELIEF FROM FEEL+S ( GUILT4 

,!SE RATIONALIZATIONS FALL 9TO TWO BROAD CATEGORIES4 ,BO? ( !M >E CLE>LY D]IV$ FROM ! ASSOCIATION ( >T ) RELIGION 9 MO/ PRE-CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES1 BUT !Y HAVE BO? BE5 SOME:AT SECUL>IZ$1 & !Y >E BITT]LY ANTAGONI/IC TO EA* O!R4 

,! FIR/ CATEGORY DEF9ES >T 9 RA!R MY/ICAL T]MS1 AS AN EXALT$ PR(ESSION1 & CONSID]S ! >TI/ TO BE A SORT ( CONSECRAT$ P]SON1 :OSE VALUES & ACCOMPLI%M5TS >E TOO REF9$ TO BE APPRECIAT$ BY ! VULG>1 PHILI/9E MAJORITY4 ,?IS GR\P LOOKS ON COMM]CIAL SUCCESS AS UNWOR?Y ( ! 'TRUE' VALUES ( ! >TI/1 & TO DISP>AGE ?OSE >TI/S :OSE >T IS SALABLE--AL?\< !Y SELDOM REFUSE TO SELL !IR [N1 IF & :5 AN OPPORTUNITY PRES5TS ITSELF4 

,! O!R CATEGORY CONSID]S ! >TI/ A SORT ( EVANGELI/ 9 ! CAUSE ( ! OPPRESS$1 :OSE FUNCTION IS TO CREATE PROPAG&A = ! REVOLUTION4 ,=M]LY CONF9$ TO A H&FUL ( RADICAL PHILOSOPH]S1 ?IS VIEW HAS BE5 COM+ 9TO ITS [N DUR+ ! PA/ TW5TY YE>S1 & HAS BECOME ! (FICIAL ,/ATE DOCTR9E 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,:ILE IT IS AS EMPHATIC 9 ITS REPUDIATION ( COMM]CIAL SUCCESS AS IS ! FIR/ CATEGORY1 IT REJECTS IT NOT FROM AN ELEVAT$ ES!TIC EVALUATION1 BUT BECAUSE IT IS C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y2 9 FACT1 IT T5DS TO LUMP ! >TI/S ( ! FIR/ CATEGORY ) ?OSE :O WORK = ! M>KET1 S9CE !Y >E NOT P>TICUL>LY CONC]N$ AB\T ! FATE ( ! MASSES4 

,?OSE >TI/S :OSE RATIONALIZATION FALLS 9 ! FIR/ CATEGORY >E AT LEA/ NOT NECESS>ILY PREV5T$ BY IT FROM FOLL[+ !IR [N 9CL9ATIONS--AL?\< ! V]Y ESOT]IC *>ACT] ( !IR APPROA* T5DS TO PROMOTE CLIQUISM--& 9 SOME CASES >E ABLE TO CREATE 9 ALMO/ COMPLETE FRE$OM FROM PRESSURE ( AN ES!TIC NATURE4 ,! SECOND CATEGORY1 H[EV]1 NATURALLY T5DS TO DOGMATISM & RIGIDITY--FREQU5TLY EXCE$+ ! COMM]CIAL /&>DS 9 9FLEXIBILITY & CO]CIV5ESS4 

,! PLI<T ( ! >TI/ 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IS ?US F> FROM 5VIABLE4 ,IF HE IS TO PRACTICE HIS PR(ESSION AT ALL1 HE IS FAC$ BY ?REE ALMO/ EQUALLY UN5TIC+ ALT]NATIVES3 ,HE CAN ACCEPT ! VALUES ( ! SY/EM & WORK ) AN EYE TO ! M>KET--:I* MEANS ?AT HE MU/ TURN \T ! SORT ( WORK ?AT IS M>KETABLE1 REG>DLESS ( HIS P]SONAL TA/E OR 9CL9ATION4 ,?IS K9D ( >T IS SELDOM MORE SATISFY+ ?AN ANY O!R JOB 9 A CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISE4 ,SECONDLY1 HE CAN JO9 ! SELF-CONSCI\S ES!TES1 :]E HE WILL AT LEA/ BE P]MITT$ A C]TA9 AM\NT ( FRE$OM TO FOLL[ HIS [N B5T1 BUT AT ! PRICE ( BE+ DESPIS$ BY ! MAJORITY1 ECONOMICALLY 9SECURE1 &1 TO SOME EXT5T SUBJECT TO ! DICTA ( CULTS4 ,9 ! ?IRD PLACE1 HE CAN PUT HIMSELF 9TO ! H&S ( ! SELF-APPO9T$ >T-COMMISS>S1 & D$ICATE HIS >T TO ! CAUSE ( ! OPPRESS$4 ,?IS MEANS1 9 PRACTICE1 ?AT HE MU/ CON=M TO ! JUDGM5TS ( ! COMMISS>S & CURB HIS IMPULSES ALMO/ AS IF HE W]E WORK+ = ! M>KET4 

,9 NONE ( !SE ?REE CATEGORIES IS ! >TI/ REALLY FREE4 ,:5 HE REPUDIATES ! SOCIALLY ACCEPT$ CONCEPT ( HIS ROLE1 HE IS /ILL 9FLU5C$ BY IT TO ! EXT5T ?AT HE ACCEPTS ! PREMISE ?AT HIS >T IS A =M ( USEFUL WORK & AS SU* MU/ BE MEASUR$ BY A MORE OR LESS FIX$ /&>D ( ACCEPTABILITY1 & IS TORM5T$ BY ! FE> ?AT HIS >T WILL BE F\ND WANT+ BY :ATEV] CRITICS :OSE JUDGM5T HE RESPECTS4 ,ONLY A RELATIVE H&FUL ( SPONTANE\S >TI/S1 :O GIVE NO ?\<T TO ANY /&>DS BUT !IR [N SATISFACTION1 CAN BE SAID TO FUNCTION 9 ! REALM ( PURE >T4 ,!Y PURSUE !IR M$IUM ) ! SAME LACK ( CONC]N = EXT]NAL PRESSURE ?AT IS *>ACT]I/IC ( SMALL *ILDR54 ,9 %ORT1 BE=E ! >TS CAN BECOME FREE1 !Y MU/ FIR/ BE LIB]AT$ FROM ! IDEA ?AT !Y >E 'USEFUL' 9 ! S5SE ?AT1 SAY1 C>P5TRY IS USEFUL1 & BE CONSID]$ FROM ! /&PO9T ( PSY*OLOGICAL CRIT]IA ?AT >E APPROPRIATE TO !IR FUNCTION4 

,I,I,I4 

,IT IS NECESS>Y1 BE=E WE CAN DRAW ANY CONCLUSIONS AB\T ! RELATIVE VALUE ( PLAY & USEFUL WORK1 TO DEF9E PRECISELY :AT WE MEAN BY USEFUL WORK4 ,CLE>LY ! CAPITALI/IC DEF9ITION IS ( NO VALUE TO US1 S9CE IT NOT ONLY TAKES 9 F> TOO MU* T]RITORY1 BUT IS BAS$ ON A CRIT]ION ?AT IS ONLY V]Y REMOTELY CONNECT$ ) G5U9E UTILITY4 ,! M]E FACT ?AT SOME?+ CAN BE SOLD TELLS NO?+ ( ITS ACTUAL VALUE1 AS IT IS WELL KN[N ?AT !RE >E PL5TY ( PEOPLE 9 EXI/+ SOCIETY :O CAN BE 9DUC$ TO BUY ANY?+ AT ALL1 OR TO P>T ) !IR MONEY = NO?+4 

,MO/ CONCEPTS ( UTILITY ?AT GO BEYOND ! SIMPLE CAPITALI/ DEF9ITION /ILL T5D TO BE 9FLU5C$ BY IT TO SOME EXT5T4 ,!Y USUALLY DEF9E ANY?+ ?AT GOES TO MAKE UP ! /&>D ( LIV+ ( A MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILY AS USEFUL--AN 5TIRELY >BITR>Y PROC$URE4 ,FROM A /RICTLY BIOLOGICAL /&PO9T1 ! ONLY WORK ?AT CAN PROP]LY BE CONSID]$ USEFUL IS ?AT :I* PROVIDES = ACTUAL BODILY REQUIREM5TS--FOOD1 %ELT]4 ,S9CE IT IS POSSIBLE = MAN TO REMA9 HEAL?Y ON A LEVEL NOT APPRECIABLY HI<] ?AN ! G5]AL LIV+ /&>D ( O!R DOME/IC ANIMALS1 G5U9ELY USEFUL WORK CLE>LY REQUIRES BUT A V]Y SMALL AM\NT ( TIME--EV5 ) QUITE PRIMITIVE ME?ODS ( PRODUCTION4 ,ALL ELSE1 BIOLOGICALLY SPEAK+1 IS LUXURY--9CLUD+ PRIVACY1 MORE ?AN A SIMPLE BALANC$ DIET1 >TIFICIAL LI<T & PRACTICALLY EV]Y?+ ELSE ?AT IS P>T ( 'CIVILIZ$ LIV+'4 

,! DESIRE = MORE ?AN A B>E SUBSI/5CE IS VIRTUALLY A UNIV]SAL PH5OM5ON 9 HUMAN SOCIETY1 ( C\RSE1 BUT SO IS ! DESIRE = PLAY4 ,IT IS ABSURD TO CONSID] ?AT LUXURY IS ANY MORE IMPORTANT ?AN PLAY1 OR ?AT ! PRODUCTION ( ITEMS ( LUXURY IS ANY MORE MEAN+FUL ?AN PLAY+4 ,IT IS EV5 HI<LY PROBABLE ?AT ! DESIRE = MORE ?AN A FEW MODE/ LUXURIES IS A =M ( COMP5SATION = ! FRU/RATION ( ! PLAY IMPULSE OR SOME O!R 9/9CT :5 IT IS NOT SIMPLY A PRODUCT ( ! REQUIREM5TS ( /ATUS A*IEVEM5T--HI<] /ATUS BE+ FREQU5TLY 9DICAT$ BY AN 9CREASE 9 MAT]IAL POSSESSIONS4 

,9 A SOCIETY :]E !RE IS NO /ATUS /RATIFICATION & ?US NO PRESSURE ON ! 9DIVIDUAL TO ATTEMPT TO RISE 9 ! SOCIAL HI]>*Y1 ! %>P DI/9CTION BETWE5 *ILDR5 & ADULTS ?AT EXI/S 9 /ATUS SOCIETIES--& CONSEQU5TLY ! DEPRECAT+ ( PLAY 9 FAVOR ( 'USEFUL' ACTIVITY--IS NOT DRAWN4 ,!RE MAY BE1 ESPECIALLY 9 DIFFICULT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS1 SU* AS PREVAIL AMONG ! ,ESKIMOS1 = EXAMPLE1 A PURELY ECONOMIC PRESSURE ON EV]YONE TO CONTRIBUTE AS MU* AS POSSIBLE TO ! FOOD SUPPLY BUT ?IS DOES NOT MAKE = CONDESC5SION T[>D *ILDR5 OR A RIGID DIFF]5TIATION BETWE5 ! ROLES ( *ILDR5 & ADULTS4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! TWO ROLES T5D TO M]GE IMP]CEPTIBLY 9TO ONE ANO!R4 ,*ILDR5 >E TREAT$ ) RESPECT1 AS RESPONSIBLE MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNITY1 AS SOON AS !Y CAN WALK2 !IR WI%ES & OP9IONS >E CONSID]$ AS S]I\SLY AS ?OSE ( ANYONE ELSE4 ,LIKEWISE1 9 SU* A SOCIETY1 PLAY IS REG>D$ AS NATURAL = EV]YONE1 :5EV] ! IMM$IATE PRESSURE ( ! 5VIRONM5T P]MITS4 ,9 NON-/ATUS SOCIETIES1 LIKE ! ,PUEBLO ,9DIANS1 :]E ! DEM&S ( ! FOOD QUE/ >E SOME:AT LESS SEV]E1 ! AM\NT ( TIME DEVOT$ TO NON-UTILIT>IAN PURSUITS--DECORAT+ POTS1 /ORY-TELL+--IS AT LEA/ AS GREAT AS ?AT CONSUM$ BY PRACTICAL WORK2 & S9CE EV5 V]Y SMALL *ILDR5 P]=M SOME K9D ( USEFUL FUNCTION1 ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 *ILDR5 & ADULTS CAN H>DLY BE SAID TO EXI/4 ,EV]YONE WORKS1 ACCORD+ TO HIS CAPACITY1 :5 !RE IS WORK TO DO1 & EV]YONE PLAYS ! RE/ ( ! TIME4 

,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT ANY REALLY FREE SOCIETY W\LD BE LIKE ?IS4 ,*ILDR5 W\LD BE 5C\RAG$ TO 5T] ! WORK%OPS & P>TICIPATE 9 :ATEV] WORK WAS GO+ ON1 ACCORD+ TO !IR CAPACITY4 ,H[EV]1 S9CE ! MAJOR EMPHASIS ( ! SOCIETY W\LD NOT BE ON PRODUCTION = ITS [N SAKE1 EV]YONE W\LD BE FREE TO DEVOTE A CONSID]ABLE P>T ( !IR TIME TO PLAYFUL PURSUITS4 

,IT IS >GU$ BY SOME ?AT 9 A SOCIETY :]E MAN IS FREE TO PICK HIS OCCUPATION )\T COMPULSION & TO DET]M9E HIS [N H\RS & WORK+ CONDITIONS1 USEFUL WORK W\LD BE SUFFICI5TLY SATISFY+ & 5JOYABLE TO TAKE C>E ( ALL CREATIVE NE$S4 ,?IS >GUM5T1 H[EV]1 SEEMS TO ME SELF-DEFEAT+1 S9CE IF EV]YONE W]E TO DEVOTE HIS SP>E TIME TO 'USEFUL' WORK1 SO MU* /UFF W\LD BE PRODUC$ ?AT IT C\LD NO LONG] BE CONSID]$ USEFUL4 ,I CAN'T IMAG9E :Y AN OV]SUPPLY ( CLO!S1 FOOD1 H\SES & ! LIKE W\LD PROVIDE GREAT] SATISFACTION ?AN IF ! SURPLUS TIME WAS DEVOT$ TO PLAYFUL PURSUITS LIKE >T4 

,MOREOV]1 !RE SEEMS TO BE SOME FACTOR 9 ! MAKEUP ( HUMANITY1 TO SAY NO?+ ( O!R ANIMALS1 :I* REBELS AGA9/ AN EXCESSIVE CONC5TRATION ( 'PRACTICAL' ACTIVITIES1 P]HAPS BECAUSE !SE ACTIVITIES >E1 ( NECESSITY1 TOO /]EOTYP$ TO P]MIT SUFFICI5T SCOPE TO 9DIVIDUAL +5UITY & CAPRICE4 ,! WAYS ( P]=M+ PRACTICAL TASKS >E RIGIDLY LIMIT$ BY ! 5D TO BE A*IEV$1 :]EAS 9 ! >TS IT DOES NOT REALLY MATT] :AT ONE DOES--! ! WORK IS AN 5D 9 ITSELF1 & NE$ MEET NO TE/S ( DURABILITY1 BALANCE OR =M1 UNLESS ITS CREATOR >BITR>ILY SO DECIDES4 ,EA* PRACTIC+ >TI/ DET]M9ES = HIMSELF ! RULES HE 9T5DS TO FOLL[ & ! EFFECTS HE WANTS TO A*IEVE1 & ! SUCCESS OR FAILURE ( HIS A*IEVEM5T IS ULTIMATELY A MATT] = HIM ALONE TO DECIDE4 

,9DIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTIONS NATURALLY V>Y CONSID]ABLY1 DEP5D+ ON ! AM\NT ( TIME1 EMOTIONAL 9T5SITY & 5]GY EA* 9DIVIDUAL DEVOTES TO HIS P>TICUL> >T =M4 ,H[EV]1 :E!R OR NOT C]TA9 9DIVIDUALS POSSESS A NATURAL SUP]IORITY 9 !IR SPECIAL FIELD IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DET]M9E1 S9CE ! CRIT]IA ?AT CAN BE US$ TO JUDGE SU* SUP]IORITY >E 9V>IABLY TOO VAGUE & SUBJECTIVE4 ,IT IS FAIRLY SIMPLE TO SET UP /&>DS TO GRADE ! SKILL ( 9DIVIDUALS 9 PRACTICAL WORK1 S9CE !RE IS G5]AL AGREEM5T AB\T ! 5DS TO BE A*IEV$ 9 SU* WORK4 ,BUT 9 ! >TS1 EV]YONE CAN LEGITIMATELY CLAIM ?AT HE IS ATTEMPT+ SOME?+ 5TIRELY UNIQUE1 & !RE=E HIS WORK CANNOT BE MEASUR$ BY EXI/+ /&>DS4 ,! ADVANTAGE ( ?IS FROM ! /&PO9T ( EGO SECURITY IS 5ORM\S4 

,! RULES ( >T CAN BE/ BE VIEW$ AS ! RULES ( A GAME--A GAME ?AT IS PLAY$ BY EA* >TI/ ALONE--:I* >E CAPABLE ( 9F9ITE V>IATION4 ,A GR\P ( >TI/S 9 A P>TICUL> FIELD MAY AGREE AMONG !MSELVES TO FOLL[ ! SAME SET ( RULES1 BUT ANY ONE ( !M IS ALWAYS FREE TO BREAK ) !M IF HE WANTS TO1 & SET UP NEW RULES = HIMSELF4 ,:Y !N1 %\LD !RE BE ANY RULES AT ALL8 ,:Y NOT ADOPT ! SIMPLE PR9CIPLE ?AT >T IS ! FREE EXPRESSION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & DISREG>D TE*NICAL QUE/IONS8 

,= ?OSE :OSE M9DS >E SUFFICI5TLY SIMPLE TO BE SATISFI$ ) %E] SELF-EXPRESSION1 OBVI\SLY ?IS PR9CIPLE IS ADEQUATE2 !RE >E PL5TY ( PRACTIC+ >TI/S :O C\LD BE CIT$ AS EXAMPLES-->TI/S TO :OM TE*NIQUE IS ( NO IMPORTANCE1 :O APPROA* >T ALMO/ AS SMALL *ILDR5 DO4 ,BUT 9 MO/ CASES ! HUMAN M9D IS TOO COMPLEX AN ORGAN TO BE CONT5T ) SU* SIMPLE RULES ( ! GAME--A FACT :I* CAN BE OBS]V$ EV5 9 ! >T ( *ILDR5 :O HAVE PASS$ ! AGE ( FIVE OR SIX4 

,! HUMAN 9TELLECT IS SO CON/RUCT$ ?AT IT LIKES TO SOLVE PROBLEMS1 & :5 IT IS NOT CONFRONT$ ) 5\< PROBLEMS 9 ITS DAILY EXP]I5CE1 IT T5DS TO SET UP >BITR>Y ONES & SOLVE ,!,M4 ,?IS T5D5CY IS NOT 9FREQU5TLY DEPLOR$ AS DECAD5T & PRECI\S BY ?OSE SIMPLE S\LS :O >E CONT5T ) ! RAW \TP\R+S ( !IR PSY*ES1 BUT ?IS SEEMS TO ME AN UNW>RANT$ ASSUMPTION4 ,MAN1 ?R\<\T ! PA/ SEV]AL HUNDR$ ?\S& YE>S1 & HIS SIMIAN ANCE/ORS = C\NTLESS MILL5NIA BE=E ?AT1 HAVE BE5 CON/ANTLY CONFRONT$ BY PROBLEMS :I* !Y HAD TO SOLVE 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE4 ,!RE=E1 IT SEEMS NATURAL 5\< ?AT ! ABILITY & DESIRE TO SOLVE PROBLEMS %\LD HAVE BECOME P>T ( ! PSY*OLOGICAL H]ITAGE ( HUMANITY--A FACULTY :I* MAY ULTIMATELY BE NO LONG] P>TICUL>LY NECESS>Y = SURVIVAL BUT :I* IS /ILL C]TA9LY ( ! GREATE/ IMPORTANCE4 ,S9CE ?IS FACULTY EXI/S1 IT IS ALSO NATURAL ?AT IT %\LD BE US$1 & IF ! DAILY 5VIRONM5T DOES NOT PRES5T 5\< DIFFICULTIES TO EX]CISE IT PROP]LY1 AS ,I PASSIONATELY HOPE WILL SOM$AY BE ! CASE = EV]YONE1 IT MU/ BE EX]CIS$ 9 SOME >BITR>Y WAY1 JU/ AS 9DIVIDUALS :O LEAD A S$5T>Y EXI/5CE REQUIRE MORE OR LESS >BITR>Y PHYSICAL EX]CISE 9 ORD] TO BE HEAL?Y4 

,IT IS ONE ( ! PRIM>Y ]RORS ( ! NATURE-FETI%]S TO ASSUME ?AT ! M9D & ITS FACULTIES >E NOT P>T ( NATURE1 BUT A PECULI> EXCRESC5CE GRAFT$ ONTO MAN BY CIVILIZATION1 :I* WILL WI!R AWAY ONCE ! ,GOOD ,LIFE HAS BE5 A*IEV$4 ,MAN IS AN ANIMAL1 ( C\RSE1 BUT HE DIFF]S FROM ALL O!R SPECIES PRIM>ILY 9 ! SIZE & COMPLEXITY ( HIS BRA91 :I* IS JU/ AS MU* A P>T ( HIS NATURAL 5D[M5T AS ! P[]FUL LEGS ( ! HORSE OR ! S5SITIVE NOSE ( A DOG >E P>T ( !IRS4 ,IT IS C]TA9LY A S]I\S MISUND]/&+ ( ! ,D>W9IAN HYPO!SIS TO ASSUME ?AT IF & :5 A NATURAL FACULTY IS NO LONG] ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y = SURVIVAL 7A CONDITION :I* IS CLE>LY A LONG WAY FROM BE+ FULFILL$ 9 ! CASE ( ! HUMAN M9D7 IT T5DS TO DISAPPE>4 ,! !ORY ( SURVIVAL SIMPLY 9DICATES ?AT ?OSE :O POSSESS ! QUALITIES NECESS>Y = SURVIVAL WILL SURVIVE2 !RE IS NO NATURAL ME*ANISM = ELIM9AT+ UNNECESS>Y QUALITIES UNLESS !Y >E ACTUALLY DETRIM5TAL TO SURVIVAL4 

,IT MI<T BE CONSID]$ ?AT ID5TIFY+ ! >TS AS PLAY ROBS !M ( ALL DIGNITY & SIGNIFICANCE4 ,9 MY OP9ION1 ! EXACT OPPOSITE IS ! CASE4 ,! =C$ ATTEMPT TO MAKE >T 9TO A SPECIES ( USEFUL WORK HAS ONLY SUBORD9AT$ IT TO EI!R *UR*1 ! /ATE1 OR BUS9ESS1 UNLESS IT WAS PREP>$ TO LIVE A HOLE-9-CORN] EXI/5CE1 DESPIS$ BY ! MAJORITY--:O 9/9CTIVELY RECOGNIZE ITS PLAYFUL *>ACT]1 BUT >E PREV5T$ FROM ACCEPT+ IT = REASONS ( /ATUS4 ,IF ! PLAY IMPULSE IS RECOGNIZ$ = :AT IT IS--ONE ( ! FUNDAM5TAL NE$S ( MANK9D-->T IS NOT DEPRECIAT$ BUT TRULY LIB]AT$ :5 IT IS UND]/OOD AS A MANIFE/ATION ( ?IS IMPULSE4 

#e4 ,CONSCRIPTION & ! ,/ATE 7,RETORT+ COLUMN7 BY ,HOLLEY ,R4 ,CANT9E1 ,JR4 

,RETORT1 ,A QU>T]LY J\RNAL ( ,AN>*ISM1 >T & REVIEWS1 ,SPR+1 #aide 

REPR9T$ 9 ,RETORT ,SPECIAL ,AN?OLOGY ,ISSUE1 #a#i#d#b-#a#i#e#a4 ,RETORT WAS ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ BY ! ,RETORT ,PRESS1 ,BE>SVILLE1 ,NEW ,YORK2 ,HOLLEY ,R4 ,CANT9E1 ,JR41 ,$ITOR4 

,! CAMPAIGN AGA9/ PO/W> CONSCRIPTION IS BE+ PROSECUT$ 9 ! LEFT-W+ PRESS ) MORE 5?USIASM ?AN ANY ISSUE HAS >\S$ S9CE ! ,FREE ,9DIA CAMPAIGN ( A FEW YE>S BACK4 ,H>DLY A RADICAL OR PACIFI/ PUBLICATION HAS FAIL$ TO TAKE A /& ON ! QUE/ION1 & MANY ( !M >E DEVOT+ CONSID]ABLE SPACE TO IT4 ,! ISSUE IS C]TA9LY A V]Y IMPORTANT ONE1 :I* WELL DES]VES ! ATT5TION ( ALL M5 ( GOOD WILL1 BUT IT MI<T BE RELEVANT TO 9QUIRE :Y1 IF CONSCRIPTION IS AS BAD AS ITS V>I\S OPPON5TS >E DEMON/RAT+ IT IS1 ) A V]Y CONV9C+ DISPLAY ( EVID5CE1 !Y >E NOT DEM&+ ITS ,I,M,M,$,I,A,T,E ,A,B,O,L,I,T,I,O,N1 9/EAD ( CONF9+ !IR OPPOSITION TO CONSCRIPTION AFT] ! W> IS OV]4 

,:ILE MO/ ( ! >GUM5TS BE+ US$ AGA9/ CONSCRIPTION >E REASONABLE & APPROPRIATE1 !RE IS A REGRETTABLE T5D5CY = SOME LEFTI/S1 C>RI$ AWAY BY !IR ZEAL = ! CAMPAIGN1 TO LOSE SI<T ( ! FACT ?AT ! FI<T AGA9/ CONSCRIPTION IS ONLY ONE ASPECT ( ! /RUGGLE = A BETT] WORLD1 & TO M9IMIZE EQUALLY S]I\S ?REATS TO FRE$OM1 9 ORD] TO MAKE !IR CASE AGA9/ CONSCRIPTION MORE ACCEPTABLE TO CONS]VATIVE PUBLIC OP9ION4 ,9 SOME 9/ANCES ?IS HAS GONE SO F> AS TO 9VOLVE ! USE ( >GUM5TS ?AT >E FUNDAM5TALLY \T ( H>MONY ) ! BASIC BELIEFS ( !IR ADVOCATES4 ,C]TA9 PACIFI/S1 = EXAMPLE1 HAVE ACTUALLY PUT !MSELVES ON RECORD AS OPPOS+ CONSCRIPTION BECAUSE IT IS NOT AN EFFICI5T WAY ( RAIS+ AN >MY4 ,SU* 9=MATION1 COM+ FROM SU* A S\RCE1 IS NOT LIKELY TO BE TAK5 S]I\SLY BY ANYONE1 & :AT IS MORE IMPORTANT1 IT CA/S D\BT ON ! S]I\SNESS ( ! PACIFI/ CONVICTIONS ( ?OSE :O GAVE IT \T4 

,DONALD ,CALH\N'S >TICLE 9 ,VOL4 #b1 ,NO4 #d ( ,RETORT SEEMS TO ME A GOOD EXAMPLE ( %ORTSI<T$NESS 9 ! CAUSE ( ANTI-CONSCRIPTION4 ,I ?9K ?AT HE HAS MADE \T AN EXCELL5T CASE = ! !SIS ?AT CONSCRIPTION IS FUNDAM5TALLY ANTAGONI/IC TO CIVIL LIB]TIES & ! RI<TS ( LABOR1 BUT ,I BELIEVE HE HAS BADLY CONFUS$ ! ISSUE & GREATLY WEAK5$ HIS POSITION BY HIS 9SI/5CE ON DI/+UI%+ BETWE5 CONSCRIPTION & O!R =MS ( /ATE CO]CION 9 AN ACADEMIC & ON ! :OLE MEAN+LESS MANN]4 ,EI!R TO PLACATE PUBLIC OP9ION1 OR BECAUSE HE ?9KS ( ! /ATE AS A POSSIBLE AG5CY ( SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION & DOES NOT WANT IT TO BE DEPRIV$ ( P[]S :I* MAY SOM$AY BE UTILIZ$ = 'GOOD' PURPOSES1 HE F9DS IT NECESS>Y TO DRAW A %>P MORAL DI/9CTION :]E AT MO/ !RE IS ONLY A DIFF]5CE ( DEGREE4 ,CONSCRIPTION1 ACCORD+ TO ,CALH\N1 CO]CES ! P]SONALITY :ILE O!R =MS ( GOV]NM5T CO]CION DO NOT4 ,?IS =MULATION /RIKES ME AS NAIVE & SUP]FICIAL1 9ASMU* AS ANY =M ( /ATE CO]CION CAN BE & FREQU5TLY IS UTILIZ$ = ! PURPOSE ( CO]C+ ! P]SONALITY4 ,BY CREAT+ ! IMPRESSION ?AT ?IS IS NOT ! CASE1 ,CALH\N1 9 EFFECT1 IS GIV+ A K9D ( BACKH&$ MORAL SANCTION TO VAGRANCY LAWS1 POLL TAXES1 ETC4 ,CONSCRIPTION1 IT IS TRUE1 IS AN EXTREME EXAMPLE ( /ATE CO]CION1 BUT IT IS NOT FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T FROM O!R =MS4 ,! ASSUMPTION ?AT 09DIVIDUALS MAY PROP]LY BE CONSID]$ MEANS TO POLITICAL 5DS10 :I* ,CALH\N REG>DS AS PECULI>LY TI$ UP ) CONSCRIPTION1 IS ACTUALLY ! *>ACT]I/IC BASIS ( ALL GOV]NM5TAL ?9K+4 

0,ALL RE/RICTIONS ON PROP]TY10 SAYS ,CALH\N1 0444 FALL \TSIDE ! QUE/ION 9VOLV$ 9 ! CONSCRIPTION ISSUE4444 ,! /ATE MAY LEVY TAXES AS IT SEES FIT4440 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! P[] TO TAX CANNOT BE EMPLOY$ TO CO]CE ! P]SONALITY4 ,?IS IS RIDICUL\S4 ,SUPPOSE1 = EXAMPLE1 ! GOV]NM5T1 9/EAD ( PASS+ A CONSCRIPTION LAW1 W]E TO REQUIRE ?AT ALL M5 REA*+ MILIT>Y AGE PAY A HUGE CA% 9DEMNITY UNLESS !Y 'VOLUNT>ILY' 5LI/$ 9 ! >MY4 ,?IS MAY SEEM TO BE AN >BITR>Y EXAMPLE1 BUT AS A MATT] ( FACT IT IS ALMO/ PRECISELY ! TE*NIQUE ?AT IS EMPLOY$ BY ,BRITI% ,IMP]IALISM 9 ,AFRICA & O!R COLONIAL REGIONS TO P]SUADE ! NATIVES TO AB&ON !IR S9FUL HEA!N IDL5ESS & GO TO WORK 9 ! M9ES & PLANTATIONS ( ! MA/] RACE4 ,FIR/1 ! P[] ( TAXATION IS E/ABLI%$ OV] A NOM9ALLY 9DEP5D5T TRIBE 7BY A COMPLICAT$ PROCESS1 COMB9+ CAJOL]Y1 ?REATS & ! LIB]AL USE ( ,QUISL+S1 :I* NE$ NOT CONC]N US H]E74 ,!N A HEAD TAX IS LEVI$1 & BY DEGREES 9CREAS$1 UNTIL IT IS IMPOSSIBLE = A MAN TO CONT9UE TO LIVE ACCORD+ TO HIS TRIBAL WAYS1 BUT MU/ VOLUNTE] = \TSIDE LABOR 9 ORD] TO RAISE TAX MONEY4 ,IF ?IS IS NOT 0REQUIR+ ! 9DIVIDUAL TO ALT] ! VOCATIONAL LIFE 5T]PRISE :I* HE HAS *OS5444 & EMB>K ON ONE ! /ATE MAY *OOSE = HIM10 ,I W\LD LIKE TO KN[ :AT IT IS4 

0,! /ATE MAY LEGITIMATELY DECREE A C]TA91 RELATIVELY SMALL1 NUMB] ( ACTS =BIDD5 & PROHIBIT PEOPLE UND] P5ALTY ( LAW FROM DO+ !SE ?+S40 ,?IS ALSO PROVIDES PL5TY ( LOOPHOLES = ! CO]CION ( P]SONALITY1 ! BE/ KN[N ( :I* IS ! VAGRANCY LAW1 :]EBY ! /ATE P5ALIZES 9DIVIDUALS = ! 0(F5SE0 ( HAV+ NO MEANS ( SUPPORT4 ,P5AL LAWS ( ?IS *>ACT] HAVE BE5 FREQU5TLY EMPLOY$ TO PROVIDE =C$ LABOR = BUILD+ ROADS1 ETC41 & C\LD EASILY BE US$ TO RAISE AN >MY )\T ! NE$ ( A CONSCRIPTION LAW4 

0,! /ATE 444 MAY LAY D[N CONDITIONS ( EMPLOYM5T10 SAYS ,CALH\N1 & LAT] HE SPEAKS ( ! 0NE$ = E/ABLI%+ 9C5TIVES = SOCIALLY DESIRABLE BEHAVIOR1 :ILE LEAV+ ! *OICES !MSELVES FREE FROM DIRECT CO]CION10 GO+ ON TO M5TION A NUMB] ( 0NON-CO]CIVE0 TE*NIQUES A COLLECTIVI/ /ATE MI<T EMPLOY TO 9DUCE 9DIVIDUALS TO 5T] UNPOPUL> VOCATIONS4 ,?IS APPROA*1 REFLECT+ AS IT DOES ! TYPICAL RADICAL 9TELLECTUAL'S MI/RU/ ( ! WORK]1 :OM HE FEELS IT NECESS>Y TO MANIPULATE1 LIKE A DONKEY ) A C>ROT1 IS C]TA9LY NOT V]Y F> REMOV$ FROM ! ATTITUDE ?AT 09DIVIDUALS MAY PROP]LY BE CONSID]$ MEANS TO POLITICAL 5DS10 & AN UNSCRUPUL\S GOV]NM5T W\LD HAVE NO DIFFICULTY 9 US+ SU* TE*NIQUES TO RAISE AN >MY OR TO CO]CE 9DIVIDUALS TO DO ANY?+ ELSE IT DESIR$ )\T HAV+ TO RESORT TO ACTUAL CONSCRIPTION4 ,SIMPLY MAK+ ! CONDITIONS ( EMPLOYM5T 9 EV]Y FIELD BUT ! >MY V]Y DIFFICULT = ?OSE 9DIVIDUALS IT WANT$ TO 'VOLUNTE]' W\LD BE QUITE CO]CIVE 5\< = ALL PRACTICAL PURPOSES4 ,! NUMB] ( M5 :O W\LD ACCEPT />VATION WAGES RA!R ?AN GO 9TO ! >MY IS PROBABLY NO GREAT] ?AN ?OSE :O W\LD REFUSE TO ACCEPT CONSCRIPTION4 

,! 'MORAL CAPITAL' ( FRE$OM 9 ?IS C\NTRY HAS LONG AGO BE5 EXHAU/$4 ,! PHRASE AB\T 09ALI5ABLE RI<TS0 :I* ,CALH\N QUOTES FROM ! ,DECL>ATION ( ,9DEP5D5CE HAS NEV] BE5 RESPECT$ BY ! GOV]NM5T1 :I* HAS 9V>IABLY ACT$ 9 ITS [N 9T]E/S1 & DISREG>D$ ! WELF>E & WI%ES ( ! PEOPLE :5EV] IT WAS ABLE TO GET AWAY ) IT4 ,LEFT-W+ ?9K]S :O P]SI/ 9 CREAT+ ! IMPRESSION ?AT ! GOV]NM5T CAN BE MADE TO RESPOND TO MORAL APPEALS1 !REBY HELP+ TO P]PETUATE ! MY? ( RESPONSIBLE GOV]NM5T1 >E DO+ ! CAUSE ( RADICALISM MORE H>M ?AN GOOD4 ,MOREOV]1 N>R[+ ! FI<T AGA9/ /ATE CO]CION TO ! S+LE ISSUE ( CONSCRIPTION1 & ATTEMPT+ TO >\SE PUBLIC OP9ION ON ?AT ISSUE ALONE IS M]ELY 9VIT+ ! GOV]NM5T TO RESORT TO SUBT]FUGE TO A*IEVE ITS 5DS4 ,LET US NOT =GET ?AT PUBLIC OP9ION 9 ,AM]ICA WAS >\S$ AGA9/ GETT+ 9TO W> BE=E ,PE>L ,H>BOR1 ?AT ! GOV]NM5T1 BY MEANS ( A S]IES ( 9DIRECT MANEUV]S1 DESIGN$1 SO WE W]E TOLD1 TO KEEP US \T1 SUCCE$$ 9 JOCKEY+ ! C\NTRY 9TO SU* A POSITION ?AT IT WAS NONE!LESS DRAWN 94 

,! FI<T AGA9/ CONSCRIPTION CAN ONLY BE REALLY EFFECTIVE IF IT IS CONDUCT$ AS A FI<T AGA9/ ! /ATE1 S9CE CONSCRIPTION IS M]ELY ! MO/ OBVI\S EXPRESSION ( ! GOV]NM5T'S DRIVE TO R$UCE ALL 9DIVIDUALS TO ! /ATUS ( PAWNS :OSE EV]Y ACTION IT CAN CONTROL4 ,?IS DRIVE IS ABSOLUTELY BASIC 9 ALL GOV]NM5TAL ?9K+--IT IS TO ! BUREAUCRAT :AT ! DESIRE = PR(IT IS TO ! CAPITALI/4 ,:5 GOV]NM5T IS WEAK1 ITS REPRESSIVE URGE IS CONF9$ TO MATT]S ( PETTY DETAIL1 BUT :5 ! /ATE EM]GES AS ! /RONGE/ S+LE =CE 9 SOCIETY1 AS IT IS EM]G+ TODAY ?R\<\T ! WORLD1 ITS DESIRE TO R$UCE EV]Y?+ TO A FIX$ PATT]N F9DS FULL EXPRESSION & P]VADES EV]Y ASPECT ( LIFE4 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA & ,NAZI ,G]MANY HAVE %[N H[ F> AN UNRE/RICT$ GOV]NM5T IS CAPABLE ( GO+ 9 ?IS DIRECTION1 & %\LD S]VE AS A W>N+ ( ! POT5TIALITIES LAT5T 9 GOV]NM5T4 ,TO COMBAT ?IS MON/] IS ! FIR/ DUTY ( ALL S9C]E RADICALS1 & !Y CANNOT AF=D TO IGNORE ITS FULL IMPLICATIONS1 & BL9D !MSELVES ) ILLUSIONS AB\T 0LEGITIMATE /ATE P[]S40 ,! /ATE MU/ BE RESI/$ 9 ALL ( ITS MANIFE/ATIONS1 BECAUSE EV]Y 9CREASE 9 ITS P[]S1 NO MATT] H[ DESIRABLE IT MAY APPE> ON ! SURFACE1 S]VES TO /R5G!N ITS POSITION 9 SOCIETY1 & !RE=E ITS ?REAT TO ALL CIVILIZ$ VALUES4 ,REC5T RADICAL ?\<T HAS %[N ITSELF ALL TOO ACCOMMODAT+ TO ! IDEA ?AT FRE$OM CAN BE PRES]V$ BY MEANS ( 'DEMOCRATIC CONTROLS' ON AN EXT5D$ /ATE APP>ATUS3 ?AT ! 'GOOD' ATTRIBUTES ( ! TOTAL /ATE--ITS EFFICI5CY & ABILITY TO PLAN--CAN BE H>NESS$ = ! PURPOSE ( B5EFIC5T SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION1 & ITS M5ACE TO HUMAN RI<TS NEGAT$ BY A FEW *ECKS & BALANCES4 ,?IS SEEMS DANG]\S NONS5SE TO ME1 9ASMU* AS ! EFFICI5CY & PLANN+ ( TOTALIT>IANISM >E ,M,A,D,E ,P,O,S,S,I,B,L,E BY ITS CONTROL OV] ALL ASPECTS ( LIFE1 & W\LD CEASE TO EXI/ )\T ?AT CONTROL4 

,IT IS ( ! UTMO/ IMPORTANCE ?AT RADICALS1 9 !IR CAMPAIGN AGA9/ PEACETIME CONSCRIPTION1 KEEP 9 M9D ?AT A VICTORY ON ?IS ISSUE WILL NOT MEAN ?AT ! /RUGGLE IS OV]1 BUT IS M]ELY A /EP 9 ! LONG & PA9FUL RECONQUE/ ( ! RI<T ( ! PEOPLE TO CONTROL !IR [N DE/9IES1 FREE FROM SUP]VISION & DOM9ATION BY A P[]FUL BUREAUCRACY4 

,= COMIC RELIEF ON ?IS S]I\S QUE/ION1 !RE IS ! /& ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY4 ,UNLIKE MO/ O!R LEFTI/ P>TIES1 ! ,CANNONITES DO NOT OPPOSE MILIT>Y CONSCRIPTION )\T QUALIFICATIONS 7! ,COMMUNI/S & ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATS >E BO? PRO-CONSCRIPTION1 BUT !N NEI!R ( !SE CAN BE CONSID]$ LEFTI/ P>TIES ACCORD+ TO ANY PLAUSIBLE DEF9ITION ( LEFTISM74 ,! ,S,W,P IS ( C\RSE 9DIGNANT AT ! PROSPECT ( ,WALL ,/REET ,PRUSSIANIZ+ ,AM]ICAN ,Y\?1 BUT 0ALL IMPORTANT PROBLEMS ( HUMANITY WILL BE SOLV$ EV5TUALLY >MS 9 H&2 IT W\LD BE /UPID1 !RE=E1 ON ! P>T ( LABOR TO SIMPLY OPPOSE COMPULSORY MILIT>Y TRA9+4 ,! WORK+ CLASS MU/ CALL = MILIT>Y TRA9+ 444 UND] ITS [N CONTROL 9/EAD ( ! CONTROL ( ,WALL ,/REET40 7,! ,MILITANT1 ,DEC4 #a#f1 #a#i#d#d47 ,9 O!R WORDS1 9 ORD] TO BE BETT] PREP>$ = ! EV5TUAL REVOLUTION>Y OV]?R[ ( ,WALL ,/REET1 ! WORK]S NE$ MILIT>Y TRA9+4 ,!Y MU/ !RE=E DEM& ?AT ! ,WALL ,/REET ,GOV]NM5T F9ANCE A PROGRAM ( MILIT>Y TRA9+ UND] ! CONTROL ( ! UNIONS4 ,SUP]FICIALLY1 ?IS MI<T APPE> TO BE ASK+ RA!R A LOT ( ! ,WALL ,/REET ,GOV]NM5T1 BUT NOT IF ONE UND]/&S ! ,M>XI/-,L59I/ APPROA*4 ,IT IS REALLY JU/ A TACTIC1 DESIGN$ TO PROVE TO ! WORK]S ?AT ! /ATUS QUO IS ROTT54 ,IT WORKS SOME?+ LIKE ?IS4 ,! WORK]S >E URG$ TO FI<T = !IR [N CONSCRIPTION PROGRAM1 A DEM& :I* %\LD APPEAL TO ! AV]AGE WORK] AS EM95TLY JU/ & REASONABLE4 ,! ,WALL ,/REET ,GOV]NM5T1 H[EV]1 W\LD NEV] GRANT SU* A DEM&1 SO ! WORK]S1 \TRAG$ AT HAV+ !IR JU/ DEM& REFUS$1 OV]?R[ ! GOV]NM5T4 ,SIMPLE1 ISN'T IT8 ,! ONLY PROBLEM IS TO CONV9CE ! WORK]S ?AT IT IS JU/--OR = ?AT MATT] SANE--TO DEM& ?AT ! GOV]NM5T F9ANCE A PROGRAM DESIGN$ SOLELY TO FACILITATE ITS OV]?R[4 

,H4,R4,C4,JR4 

#f4 ,BOOKS BY ,HOLLEY ,R4 ,CANT9E1 ,JR4 

,RETORT1 ,A QU>T]LY J\RNAL ( ,AN>*ISM1 >T & REVIEWS1 ,SPR+1 #aide 

REPR9T$ 9 ,RETORT ,SPECIAL ,AN?OLOGY ,ISSUE1 #a#i#d#b-#a#i#e#a4 ,RETORT WAS ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ BY ! ,RETORT ,PRESS1 ,BE>SVILLE1 ,NEW ,YORK2 ,HOLLEY ,R4 ,CANT9E1 ,JR41 ,$ITOR4 

A REVIEW ( 

,! ,P[] ,H\SE BY ,ALEX ,COM=T4 ,VIK+4 @s#c44 

,9 !SE DAYS1 :5 ! PUBLI%+ 9DU/RY IS PRO/ITUT+ ITSELF TO ! ,W>-,EF=T1 ?R[+ OV]BO>D ITS ES!TIC & 9TELLECTUAL /&>DS 9 ! 9T]E/S ( PATRIOTISM1 IT IS NOT A LITTLE SURPRIS+1 & V]Y GRATIFY+1 TO DISCOV] ?AT A BOOK LIKE ,! ,P[] ,H\SE1 :I* IS UNCOMPROMIS+LY OPPOS$ TO W> & ALL =MS ( GOV]NM5T1 CAN /ILL BE PUBLI%$4 

,! ,P[] ,H\SE IS LAID 9 ,FRANCE1 DUR+ ! P]IOD FROM AB\T A YE> BE=E ! W> TO ! SUMM] ( #a#i#d#a4 ,! *>ACT]S >E ALL EI!R ,FR5*M5 OR ,G]MAN SOLDI]S1 & REPRES5T A WIDE RANGE ( TYPES & CLASSES1 9CLUD+ A COLLABORATIONI/ TEXTILE MANUFACTUR]1 ,GE/APO AG5TS1 9TELLECTUALS1 & SEV]AL DIFF]5T CATEGORIES ( MANUAL WORK]S4 ,A L>GE P>T ( ! BOOK--P]HAPS TOO L>GE A P>T--IS TAK5 UP ) FAIRLY TE*NICAL DESCRIPTIONS ( M5 AT WORK4 ,COM=T SEEMS TO KN[ A GREAT DEAL AB\T MA*9]Y1 & HE WRITES AB\T MA*9ES 9 MOTION IMAG9ATIVELY & DRAMATICALLY1 BUT ,I FELT ?AT HE W\LD HAVE DEMON/RAT$ ! DOM9ANT POSITION ( ! MA*9E 9 MOD]N LIFE JU/ AS CLE>LY )\T QUITE SO MANY EXAMPLES4 ,! W> SECTIONS1 ESPECIALLY ! RETREAT ( ! ,FR5* >MY1 >E WOND]FULLY H&L$4 ,! ATMOSPH]E ( *AOS1 DIS9TEGRATION & FRU/RATION ?AT HE CREATES IS EV5 MORE COMPELL+ ?AT SU* FIR/-H& ACC\NTS AS ,MALAQUAIS' ,W,> ,D,I,>,Y4 

,COM=T IS A Y\NG ,5GLI% AN>*I/ ( ! 9DIVIDUALI/ S*OOL4 ,HIS PHILOSOPHY1 AS IT EM]GES FROM ,! ,P[] ,H\SE1 :]E IT IS EXP\ND$1 9 SLI<TLY DIFF]5T V]SIONS BY SEV]AL *>ACT]S1 IS SOME?+ LIKE ?IS3 ,MAN1 AS AN 9DIVIDUAL1 IS RATIONAL & DEC5T1 BUT :5 HE BECOMES P>T ( AN ORGANIZATION--! >MY1 A POLITICAL P>TY1 OR :ATEV]--HE CEASES TO BE AN 9DIVIDUAL1 & BECOMES A CITIZ5--AN UN?9K+ AUTOMATON1 :OSE ACTIONS1 ?\< O/5SIBLY DIRECT$ T[>DS A GOOD 5D1 >E IRRATIONAL & DE/RUCTIVE4 

,AT ! PRES5T TIME1 S9CE ORGANIZATIONS >E ALL-P[]FUL1 ! ONLY HOPE = ! 9DIVIDUAL IS TO TRY TO ESCAPE1 BY DEVI\S /RATEGEMS1 FROM ! DEM&S ( CITIZ5%IP4 ,TO AVOID BE+ KILL$1 :I* IS HIS FIR/ DUTY AS AN 9DIVIDUAL1 HE MU/ SOMETIMES ACQUIESCE \TW>DLY1 BUT 9 SO DO+ HE IS V]Y C>EFUL TO KEEP HIMSELF FROM BE+ SUBM]G$1 & ACCEPT+ ! VALUES ( ! CITIZ54 ,HE IS ALWAYS ON ! LOOK\T = A WAY TO ESCAPE1 & HE RESI/S1 :5EV] HE CAN DO IT )\T UNDULY RISK+ HIS LIFE OR CAUS+ 9JURY TO O!RS3 

EV]Y WOMAN :O HIDES A DES]T]1 EV]Y CL]K :O DOESN'T SCRUT9IZE A PASS1 EV]Y WORK] :O BUNGLES A FUZE1 SAVES SOMEBODY'S LIFE = A :ILE4440 ,! SUPREME DELUSION ( ! CITIZ5 IS ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO DO GOOD BY H>M+ O!RS3 0,!RE'S A CRIME BE+ COMMITT$ 444 ',ACT UP TO Y\R PR9CIPLES'1 :ISP] ! ?IMBLE-RIGG]S & PROMPT]S4 ,Y\ RU% TO HELP--EV]Y /EP Y\ TAKE CRU%ES AN 9NOC5T P]SON--BE=E Y\ REA* Y\R OBJECTIVE1 Y\ >E DR5*$ 9 BLOOD1 & BY N[ ?AT OBJECTIVE HAS BE5 SKILLFULLY MOV$ \T ( REA*4 ,NEV] M9D1 !Y %[ Y\ ANO!R444 ,!RE IS ONLY ONE RESPONSIBILITY--TO ! 9DIVIDUAL :O LIES UND] Y\R [N FEET40 

,COM=T HAS SELECT$ MANY 9CID5TS TO ILLU/RATE HIS PR9CIPLES1 ) SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON ! FUTILITY ( TRY+ TO DO GOOD BY 9JUR+ O!RS4 ,IT IS A VIOL5T BOOK1 & DEA? BY VIOL5CE PLAYS AN IMPORTANT P>T 9 IT1 BUT DESPITE ! FACT ?AT !RE IS NO DISPLAY ( MORAL 9DIGNATION1 ONE IS LEFT ) A /RONG FEEL+ ?AT NO?+ ( ANY VALUE CAN BE ACCOMPLI%$ BY VIOL5CE4 ,?US :5 A GR\P ( UND]GR\ND WORK]S UND]TAKE TO BL[ UP A ,G]MAN TROOP-TRA91 9 RETALIATION = ! %OOT+ ( HO/AGES1 !Y ONLY SUCCE$ 9 DE/ROY+ A TRA9 FILL$ ) ,FR5* CIVILIANS1 KILL+ A L>GE NUMB] ( !M1 & 9CID5TALLY LOSE !IR R+LEAD] TO ! ,GE/APO 9 ! PROCESS4 ,ONE MI<T CAVIL ?AT SABOTAGE IS NOT NECESS>ILY SO WIDE ( ! M>K1 BUT CANNOT ESCAPE ! CONCLUSION ?AT DISA/]S LIKE ?IS >E ALL TOO FREQU5TLY ! CONSEQU5CE ( ACCEPT+ SU* TACTICS4 ,SIMIL>LY1 AN ABORTIVE UPRIS+ 9 A SLAVE-LABOR CAMP ACCOMPLI%ES NO?+ BUT ! KILL+ ( A H&FUL ( ,G]MAN COMMON SOLDI]S & ! CAPTURE ( ALL ! REBELS BY ! AU?ORITIES1 :O HAVE EV]Y 9T5TION ( MAK+ AN EXAMPLE ( !M4 

,! *>ACT]S :O REPRES5T ,COM=T'S [N VIEWPO9T ADOPT1 ON ! :OLE1 A POLICY ( >TFUL DODG+--YIELD+ TO ! SY/EM :5 IT CANNOT BE AVOID$1 BUT GETT+ \T ( DIFFICULTIES BY FAK+ ILLNESSES ETC41 :5EV] !Y CAN4 ,?IS PROGRAM HAS BE5 CRITICIZ$ BY SOME BECAUSE IT IS NOT SUFFICI5TLY CON/RUCTIVE2 IT DOES NOT (F] ANY ME?OD = IMPROV+ SOCIETY1 BUT ONLY PROVIDES A POSSIBLE ESCAPE = 9DIVIDUALS4 ,?IS CRITICISM SEEMS TO ME ABSURD4 ,IT HAS BE5 ! PRACTICE 9 RADICAL CIRCLES 5TIRELY TOO LONG TO DEPRECATE 9DIVIDUAL ACTION1 & MA9TA9 ?AT ONLY 'MASS' ACTION IS WOR? BO!R+ )1 A VIEWPO9T ?AT HAS ITS ORIG9 9 ! SEIZURE-(-P[] COMPLEX ?AT HAS DOM9AT$ LEFT-W+ ?9K+ = ! PA/ FEW DECADES4 ,IT IS QUITE APP>5T ?AT ,COM=T1 LIKE MANY O!R RADICALS TODAY1 DOES NOT SEE ANY POSSIBILITY ( IMPROV+ SOCIETY 9 ! NE> FUTURE1 BUT RA!R ?AN RETIRE FROM ALL ACTIVITY1 AS SO MANY ( ! O!RS HAVE DONE1 HE HAS WORK$ \T A CONCRETE APPROA* ?AT IS CAPABLE ( BE+ PUT 9TO PRACTICE UND] ! ,TOTAL ,/ATE4 ,! BE/ PROGRAM 9 ! WORLD NE$S LIV+ M5 TO C>RY IT \T1 & UNTIL IT IS POSSIBLE TO ACT 9 A MORE CON/RUCTIVE MANN]1 SURVIVAL IS ( P>AM\NT IMPORTANCE1 A FACT ?AT TOO MANY LEFTI/S T5D TO OV]LOOK4 ,COM=T'S PROGRAM MI<T BE OP5 TO S]I\S CRITICISM IF IT WAS NO?+ BUT A WAY ( ESCAP+1 REG>DLESS ( ! MEANS TO BE EMPLOY$1 BUT S9CE HE CLE>LY 9DICATES ! IMPORTANCE ( MA9TA9+ RESI/ANCE TO AU?ORITY1 & RESPONSIBILITY T[>DS O!R 9DIVIDUALS--AS 9DIVIDUALS--IT C\LD S]VE AS ! BASIS = A NEW & MORALLY S\ND] RADICAL MOVEM5T4 ,AS ,DON ,B5$ETTO SAYS TO ,SP9A 9 ,SILONE'S ,BREAD & ,W9E1 0,ONE MU/ RESPECT TIME4 ,EV]Y SEASON HAS ITS [N WORK4 ,!RE IS ! SEASON = PRUN+ ! V9ES1 ! SEASON = SPRAY+ !M1 ! SEASON = PREP>+ ! B>RELS1 ! SEASON = GA!R+ & PRESS+ ! GRAPES4 ,IF 9 SPR+1 :5 ! V9ES >E BE+ TI$ TO ! /AKES1 SOME ONE PASSES BY & SAYS1 ',IT IS NOT WOR?:ILE DO+ ?AT1 BECAUSE IF ! B>RELS >E BAD ! W9E WILL BE SPOIL$4 ,! FIR/ ?+ TO DO IS TO ATT5D TO ! B>RELS1' Y\ CAN ANSW] HIM & SAY1 ',EV]Y SEASON HAS ITS [N WORK4 ,?IS IS NOT ! SEASON = CLEAN+ \T ! B>RELS1 BUT = PRUN+ ! V9ES & TY+ !M TO ! /AKES4 ,LET ME !RE=E REMOVE ! USELESS BRAN*ES FROM ! V9ES4'0 ,:ILE ,COM=T P]HAPS LEANS A TRIFLE OV] BACKW>DS 9 OPPOS+ ! CONCEPT ( 'MASS' ACTION1 HE IS MAK+ A VALUABLE CONTRIBUTION TO RADICAL ?\<T 9 HIS 9SI/5CE ON ! FACT ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL IS ! 5D ( ALL SOCIAL ADVANCE1 & ?AT TO SACRIFICE 9DIVIDUALS = ! SAKE ( SOME 'HI<]' GOOD DE/ROYS ! :OLE BASIS = ! /RUGGLE = A GOOD LIFE4 

,H4,R4,C4,JR4 

#g4 ,LONDON ,LETT] TO ,RETORT BY ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK 

,RETORT1 ,A QU>T]LY J\RNAL ( ,AN>*ISM1 >T & REVIEWS1 ,SPR+1 #aide 

REPR9T$ 9 ,RETORT ,SPECIAL ,AN?OLOGY ,ISSUE1 #a#i#d#b-#a#i#e#a4 ,RETORT WAS ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ BY ! ,RETORT ,PRESS1 ,BE>SVILLE1 ,NEW ,YORK2 ,HOLLEY ,R4 ,CANT9E1 ,JR41 ,$ITOR4 

,*RI/MAS HAS PASS$ 9 AN ATMOSPH]E ( GLOOM & JU/IFI$ PESSIMISM4 ,! SUDD5 *ANGE ( EV5TS ON ! ,BELGIAN FRONT--:I* SEEMS TO HAVE EXT5D$ ! W> BY SEV]AL MON?S--& ! P]IODIC CLATT] ( BOMBS FALL+ SOME:]E 9 ! VIC9ITY ( ,LONDON1 HAVE MADE IT ! MO/ UNEASY ,*RI/MAS S9CE #a#i#d4 ,&1 SO F> AS ,*RI/MAS COM=TS W]E CONC]N$1 IT WAS ! LEA/ ABUNDANT S9CE ! W> />T$4 ,TOYS W]E %ODDI] & DE>] ?AN EV]4 ,DR9K1 :5 ONE C\LD GET IT1 WAS FROM T5 TO TW5TY TIMES ! PEACETIME PRICES4 ,&1 9 ,LONDON AT LEA/1 IT WAS ONLY BY ! USE ( GOOD L9ES ( 9FLU5CE ?AT ONE C\LD PROCURE ANY APPRECIABLE AM\NT ( FOOD \TSIDE ! (FICIAL PORTIONS ( RATION$ GOODS4 

,A VISIT 9 ,*RI/MAS WEEK TO ! ,WEL% ,M>*ES1 A DI/RICT FAIRLY REMOTE FROM ,LONDON & MOD]ATELY 9ACCESSIBLE EXCEPT BY C>1 GAVE ME SOME IDEA ( ! CONTRA/ :I* EXI/S1 AFT] FIVE YE>S ( W>1 BETWE5 T[N & C\NTRY 9 ,5GL&4 ,!RE1 9 ! SMALL ,ELIZABE?AN T[NS1 ,I SAW GEESE1 DUCKS1 *ICK5S1 PIGEONS1 HANG+ 9 ! %OPS TO BE B\<T FREELY BY ALL COM]S4 ,! FI% %OPS W]E FULL ( SOLE & PLAICE1 ! BAK]S' %OPS ( M9CE PIES & ,*RI/MAS CAKE1 ! H>DW>E /ORES /ILL HAD L>GE /OCKS ( 5AMEL W>E1 RUBB] CU%IONS1 OIL /OVES1 COMMODITIES :I* 9 ,LONDON HAVE BECOME ALMO/ AS R>E AS ! ,GREAT ,AUK4 ,I M5TION !SE FACTS = TWO REASONS4 ,FIR/LY1 !Y DEMON/RATE ! L[ LEVEL ( V>I$ LIV+ = ! ORD9>Y T[N DWELL] & ! A/ONI%M5T HE EXP]I5CES 9 5C\NT]+ ANY?+ LIKE A PRE-W> V>IETY ( FOOD & O!R COMMODITIES4 ,SECONDLY1 !Y %[ TO AN EXT5T ! RESILI5CE & RES\RCEFULNESS ( A RURAL AS DI/9CT FROM AN URBAN ECONOMY4 ,I DO NOT BR+ ?IS UP AS A ROMANTIC PLEA = A RETURN TO ! L&1 BUT M]ELY AS A PO9T 9 FAVOR ( A MORE BALANC$ 9TEGRATION ( T[N & C\NTRY LIFE4 

,BUT MO/ ( ! PEOPLE W\LD HAVE 5DUR$ A LEAN ,*RI/MAS1 IF !Y C\LD HAVE HAD SOME K9D ( ASSURANCE ( AN E>LY 5D ( ! W>4 ,LATE 9 ! SUMM] NO-ONE D\BT$ ?AT ! W> W\LD BE OV] V]Y SOON4 ,MO/ PEOPLE ?\<T ,OCTOB] A LIKELY DATE--ONLY ! MO/ PESSIMI/IC M5TION$ ,DECEMB]4 ,! GOV]NM5T SPOKESM5 & ! MILIT>Y BRAS%ATS 5C\RAG$ !SE BELIEFS BY !IR [N OPTIMI/IC /ATEM5TS4 ,?IS PROV$ A V]Y BAD TACTICAL L9E4 ,ACCOMPANI$ BY RELAXATION ( BLACK\T & FIREGU>D DUTIES & ! ABOLITION ( ! ,HOME ,GU>D1 IT AT FIR/ SUCCE$$ 9 PLACAT+ ! GR[+ DISCONT5T1 BUT :5 ! MILIT>Y RESULTS FAIL$ TO JU/IFY ! HOPEFULNESS ( ! PEOPLE1 !Y BECAME V]Y CYNICAL & DISGRUNTL$4 ,NEV]1 S9CE #a#i#c#i1 HAVE SO MANY PEOPLE BE5 SO COMPLETELY TIR$ ( ! W>4 ,EV5 ?OSE ) ! S(T JOBS >E F9D+ ! N]V\S /RA9 TOO GREAT TO C>RY ON COM=TABLY1 & ! FLY+ BOMBS HAVE DONE MORE ?AN ANY QUANTITY ( ANTI-W> PROPAG&A C\LD HAVE A*IEV$4 0,! W>'S BE5 ON TOO BLOODY LONG60 IS A REM>K ONE HE>S EV]Y:]E1 & N[ ?AT ! HOPES ( AN E>LY 5D >E GONE1 !RE IS NO LIMIT TO ! PESSIMISM ( ! ,J]EMIAHS1 A PESSIMISM L>GELY JU/IFI$ BY ! UNEXPECT$ DEMON/RATION ( ,G]MAN /R5G? 9 ,BELGIUM1 & ! L>GE NEW CALL-UPS 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 ,NO-ONE1 ( C\RSE1 EXPECTS A ,G]MAN VICTORY1 BUT ! 5D ( ! W> IS REG>D$ AS A GOOD LONG WAY (F4 

,DISCONT5T1 ( A K9D1 IS ALMO/ UNIV]SAL4 ,!RE IS MU* GRUMBL+1 BUT V]Y FEW PEOPLE DO ANY?+ AB\T !IR ANNOYANCE4 ,! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 ! ,COMMUNI/S & ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS >E USELESS AS ORGANS ( POPUL> ANG]--!Y HAVE SOLD \T TO ! GOV]NM5T & SURVIVE AS LITTLE MORE ?AN /ATE AUXILI>IES = DISCIPL9+ ! WORK]S & KEEP+ !M LOYAL TO ! GOV]NM5T 'L9E'4 ,! REMA9+ LEFT-W+ ORGANIZATIONS1 POLITICAL & NONPOLITICAL1 >E LITTLE MORE ?AN NUCLEI1 & = ! MO/ P>T1 HAVE MU* LESS 9FLU5CE ?AN !Y CLAIM4 ,A FEW SMALL PAP]S1 & A FEW GR\PS ( 9DIVIDUALS1 AN>*I/1 PACIFI/1 & LEFT-SOCIALI/1 MA9TA9 A /EADY OPPOSITION TO ! W> & PROVIDE RELATIVELY HONE/ SOCIAL CRITICISM4 ,!Y (T5 GIVE !MSELVES PRET5TI\S NAMES1 BUT !IR 9FLU5CE IS LITTLE MORE ?AN POT5TIAL4 ,9 ! RI<T CIRCUM/ANCES !Y MI<T WIELD AN 9FLU5CE COMPLETELY DISPROPORTIONATE TO !IR NUMB]S & AFFECT RADICALLY ! C\RSE ( POLITICAL EV5TS4 

,?IS POSSIBILITY ! GOV]NM5T APPE>S TO REALIZE1 = LATELY ! POLICE HAVE BE5 P]SECUT+ ! ,AN>*I/S1 ,TROTSKYI/S & O!R OBJECTORS TO SOCIAL SLAV]Y4 ,SO F> !IR EF=TS HAVE BE5 CLUMSILY EXECUT$1 & HAVE ONLY RESULT$ 9 WID] PUBLICITY = ! MOVEM5TS CONC]N$4 

,!RE IS LITTLE REAL REVOLUTION>Y FEEL+ AMONG ! PEOPLE1 & L>GE-SCALE DEMON/RATIONS ( POPUL> DISCONT5T1 SU* AS /RIKES1 HAVE BE5 CONSID]ABLY LESS =MIDABLE ?AN MANY ( ! P>TY-L9E REVOLUTION>IES MA9TA94 ,!Y HAVE BE5 CONSID]ABLY SMALL] ?AN AT A COMP>ABLE /AGE 9 ! LA/ W>1 & SO F>1 EXCEPT = ! PITM5'S /RIKE 9 ,S\? ,WALES1 HAVE AFFECT$ ONLY A FRACTION ( ! W> WORK]S4 

,I FE> ALL ?IS SEEMS GLOOMY1 BUT ,I F9D 9 G5]AL AMONG ORGANIZ$ REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS AN UNCRITICAL OPTIMISM & AN 9FLAT$ S5SE ( !IR [N IMPORTANCE :I* USUALLY GIVES AN UNREALI/IC TONE TO !IR ASSESSM5TS ( ! /ATE ( M9D ( ! WORK]S1 & (T5 RESULTS 9 D[NRI<T DI%ONE/Y 9 !IR PROPAG&A4 

,! ,5GLI% WORK]S 9 G5]AL HAVE NO REVOLUTION>Y KN[L$GE1 & ! TRADITIONS ( ! ,[5ITES HAS LONG DI$ \T 9 ! SLEEPY C5TURY ( NATIONAL $UCATION & P>LIAM5T>Y POLITICS4 ,!Y HAVE 5DUR$ PROBABLY A LONG] P]IOD ( POLITICAL CONDITION+ ?AN ANY O!R RACE1 & SO F> !Y %[ FEW SIGNS ( DISC>D+ !IR POLITICAL LE?>GY4 ,MANY ( !M HAVE BECOME DISILLUSION$ ) ! POLITICAL P>TY GAME1 BUT SO F> V]Y FEW ( !M HAVE GONE BEYOND APA?Y4 ,!Y REALIZE ?AT POLITICS TODAY IS A CROOK$ GAME1 BUT ?IS RESULTS ONLY 9 AN ATTITUDE ( LEAV+ IT TO ! POLITICIANS & ATT5D+ TO !IR [N BUS9ESS4 ,EV5 SU* SC&AL\S EV5TS AS ! BETRAYAL ( ! ,W>SAW RIS+ & ! ,BRITI% 9T]V5TION 9 ,GREECE1 :I* FIFTY YE>S AGO W\LD HAVE R\S$ A /ORM ( POPUL> 9DIGNATION1 HAVE EVOK$ SC>CELY A RIPPLE ( RESPONSE FROM ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE4 ,A GREAT DECL9E HAS TAK5 PLACE REC5TLY 9 ! SALES ( EV]Y K9D ( POLITICAL BOOK & PAMPHLET4 ,BUT !RE IS NO POSITIVE REALIZATION ?AT ! 9/ITUTIONS ( POLITICAL CO]CION >E EVIL 9 !MSELVES & CAN BE DISP5S$ )4 

,I DO NOT ?9K !RE IS ANY LIKELIHOOD ( A SPONTANE\S SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9 ?IS C\NTRY 9 A MEASURABLE SPACE ( TIME1 & EV5 IF SOME =M ( WIDESPREAD POPUL> DEMON/RATION ( ANG] TAKES PLACE1 ,I FE> ?AT ! PEOPLE >E POLITICALLY SO NAIVE ?AT !Y WILL ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE L$ BY AU?ORIT>IAN ADV5TUR]S1 EI!R ,COMMUNI/ OR NEO-,FASCI/ 7P]HAPS A SUCCESSFUL MILIT>Y H]O74 ,ALL ?IS MI<T1 ( C\RSE1 BE *ANG$ BY ! EM]G5CE ( AN 9FLU5TIAL LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T ON ! ,CONT95T4 ,ON ! :OLE1 H[EV]1 ,I ?9K ?AT ! RUL+ CLASS HAS US$ ! W> TO E/ABLI% ITSELF 9 A POSITION :]E IT WILL BE VIRTUALLY IMPREGNABLE UNTIL A MAJOR ECONOMIC CRISIS HAPP5S SOME YE>S AFT] ! W>4 ,9 SPITE ( CLUMSY ACTIONS 9 REC5T MON?S1 ! ,BRITI% RUL+ CLASS REMA9S ! MO/ CUNN+ 9 ! WORLD1 & IS C]TA9 TO CONT9UE ITS ME?ODS ( $UCATIONAL & POLITICAL CONDITION+ C\PL$ ) ECONOMIC BRIB]Y ( ! ,BEV]IDGE TYPE4 ,ON ! OLD PR9CIPLE ( 'DIVIDE & RULE'1 ANY POPUL> FEEL+ ?AT REMA9S WILL BE DRAWN (F 9TO ! 9NOCU\S COMBAT ( P>TY W>F>E BETWE5 ! TWO SECTIONS ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 

,?AT A REAL /RUGGLE ( 9T]E/ DOES EXI/ BETWE5 ! ,TORIES & ! ,LABOR BUREAUCRATS IS UND\BT$4 ,BUT IT IS A /RUGGLE = P]SONAL 9T]E/S1 9 :I* ! 9T]E/S ( ! PEOPLE >E REMOTE & SECOND>Y OBJECTS4 ,N[1 :5 ! W> MAY BE OV] )9 A YE>1 BO? P>TIES >E MANEUV]+ 9TO /RATEGIC POSITIONS = ! PO/W> ELECTION /RUGGLE4 ,SO F>1 ! ,LABOR ,P>TY HAS ACT$ ) 9COMPET5T CLUMS9ESS & ! ,TORIES ) A TACTICAL SUBTLETY :I* %[S ?AT ! OLD CAPITALI/ RUL+ CLASS IS BY NO MEANS SO DECAD5T AS WE HAD FONDLY IMAG9$4 ,E>LY 9 ! W>1 ! ,TORIES PREP>$ = !IR [N FUTURE BY APPO9T+ ! ,LABOR LEAD]S1 ,BEV9 & ,MORRISON1 TO ! M9I/RIES :OSE OP]ATIONS W\LD >\SE ! GREATE/ RES5TM5T AMONG ! PEOPLE4 ,!N1 HAV+ PRET5D$ TO BE COLD OV] ! ,BEV]IDGE PLAN1 !Y 9DUC$ ! ,LABOR ,P>TY TO ADOPT IT AS A BASIS = SOCIAL SECURITY PROPOSALS1 & 9 ! 5D TOOK ! W9D FROM ! ,LABOR SAILS BY BR++ =W>D A ,*UR*ILLIAN SOCIAL SECURITY S*EME :I* 9 SOME RESPECTS WAS EV5 BETT] ?AN ,BEV]IDGE4 ,!IR GREAT /RATEGY1 H[EV]1 LIES 9 ! FIELD ( CONTROLS4 ,! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 :OSE IDEA ( SOCIALISM IS LITTLE MORE ?AN MODIFI$ CAPITALISM PLUS AN 5ORM\S BUREAUCRATIC S*EME ( REGULATION1 HAS TALK$ GLIBLY & FOOLI%LY ( ! NE$ = MA9TA9+ CONTROLS AFT] ! W>4 ,! ,TORIES1 H[EV]1 HAVE REALIZ$ ?AT ! PEOPLE >E COMPLETELY TIR$ ( CONTROLS1 & !Y >E ALREADY PREP>+ TO LAUN* A PSEUDO-LIB]T>IAN PROGRAM1 AS ! P>TY :O WILL ABOLI% W>TIME RE/RICTIONS4 ,ON SU* A PROGRAM !Y WILL W9 ! ELECTIONS H&S D[N1 UNLESS 9 ! MEANTIME !Y COMMIT SOME REALLY FATAL BLUND]4 ,!Y WILL ALSO BE ASSI/$ BY ! HALF-CONSCI\S WILL+NESS ( ! ,LABOR LEAD]S TO BE DEFEAT$1 BECAUSE !Y D\BT !IR [N ABILITY AT ! SAME TIME TO GOV]N & TO RETA9 ANY FOLL[+ AMONG ! PEOPLE4 ,EV]Y 9DICATION %[S ?AT1 = AT LEA/ A DECADE1 ! ,LABOR ,P>TY WILL BE ECLIPS$ BY A TRIUMPHANT ,TORYISM4 ,SO F> AS ! WORK]S >E CONC]N$1 ,I DO NOT IMAG9E ! RESULT WILL MAKE MU* DIFF]5CE EI!R WAY4 

,?IS IS 9DE$ A GLOOMY PICTURE4 ,BUT IT IS ONLY IF WE TAKE A COMPLETELY REALI/IC ATTITUDE T[>DS POLITICAL SITUATIONS1 & IF WE REALIZE ! /R5G? ( ! =CES AGA9/ US1 ?AT WE CAN REALLY PROGRESS T[>DS \R 5DS4 ,! MAJOR WEAKNESS ( REVOLUTION>IES 9 ! PA/ HAS BE5 !IR [N UNB\ND$ OPTIMISM4 ,9 ,5GL& TODAY !RE IS LITTLE REASON = OPTIMISM1 P>TICUL>LY CONC]N+ ! IMM$IATE FUTURE4 

,JANU>Y1 #aide 

#h4 ,LEFT ,AB\T-,FACE3 ,RADICALS & ! ,W> 7,$ITORIAL7 BY ,HOLLEY ,R4 ,CANT9E1 ,JR4 

,RETORT1 ,A QU>T]LY J\RNAL ( ,AN>*ISM1 >T & REVIEWS1 ,SPR+1 #aide 

REPR9T$ 9 ,RETORT ,SPECIAL ,AN?OLOGY ,ISSUE1 #a#i#d#b-#a#i#e#a4 ,RETORT WAS ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ BY ! ,RETORT ,PRESS1 ,BE>SVILLE1 ,NEW ,YORK2 ,HOLLEY ,R4 ,CANT9E1 ,JR41 ,$ITOR4 

,I4 

,DUR+ ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 ,R&OLPH ,B\RNE & O!R ADVANC$ ?9K]S :O HAD MANAG$ TO RETA9 !IR SANITY1 F\ND OCCASION TO D5\NCE ! BEHAVIOR ( ! LIB]ALS4 ,9 ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>1 ! ANTICS ( ! LIB]ALS HAVE BE5 EV5 WORSE1 IF ?AT IS POSSIBLE1 ?AN !Y W]E LA/ TIME1 &1 9 ADDITION1 ! MAJORITY ( ! RADICALS HAVE ?OR\<LY DISGRAC$ !MSELVES4 ,! RECORD ( ,AM]ICAN RADICALS DUR+ ! LA/ W> WAS1 ON ! :OLE1 F> MORE PR9CIPL$ & C\RAGE\S ?AN ?AT ( !IR ,EUROPEAN C\NT]P>TS4 ,! ACTIONS ( ,DEBS & MANY ( HIS FOLL[]S1 ( ! ,I,W,W & ! ,AN>*I/S1 NOTABLY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN & ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN1 /OOD 9 %>P CONTRA/ TO ! SP9ELESS CAPITULATION ( ! MAJOR RADICAL P>TIES ( ! ,OLD ,WORLD1 & ! R5EGACY ( SU* \T/&+ FIGURES AS ,KROPOTK91 ,H]VE & ,KAUTSKY4 ,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT ALL ,EUROPEAN RADICALS LACK$ 9TEGRITY DUR+ ?AT W>1 BUT C]TA9LY ! NUMB] ( CAPITULATORS MADE UP A MU* L>G] P]C5TAGE ( ! TOTAL MEMB]%IP ?AN 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 

,9 ! PRES5T W>1 ! ,EUROPEAN RADICALS HAVE L>GELY REPEAT$ !IR P]=MANCE ( LA/ TIME1 & ! ,AM]ICANS HAVE NOT BE5 F> BEH9D4 ,A CONSID]ABLE NUMB] ( BO? ORGANIZ$ & UNAFFILIAT$ RADICALS HAVE SUPPORT$ ! W>1 & AMONG ?OSE GR\PS :I* HAVE )HELD !IR =MAL SUPPORT1 !RE HAS BE5 NO ANTI-W> ACTIVITY WOR? M5TION+4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 A NUMB] ( RADICALS ( MILIT>Y AGE :O HAVE PREF]R$ PRISON TO ! >MY1 BUT ?OSE :O HAVE GONE 9TO ! >MY >E F> MORE NUM]\S4 ,& ! BEHAVIOR ( ! SO-CALL$ ANTI-W> RADICALS 9 G5]AL HAS BE5 EXTREMELY TIMID & RE/RA9$1 SO MU* SO1 9 FACT1 ?AT ! GOV]NM5T HAS APP>5TLY DECID$ ?AT IT HAS NO?+ TO FE> FROM !M & HAS LEFT !M ALMO/ 5TIRELY ALONE4 ,! ONE PROSECUTION ( ANY MAGNITUDE--! ,M9NEAPOLIS ,TEAM/]S ,UNION CASE--WAS MORE ! RESULT ( AN 9TRA-UNION POLITICAL QU>REL ?AN ( ANTI-W> AGITATION1 & 9 ANY CASE1 ! AGITATION ?AT WAS US$ AS EVID5CE 9 ! TRIAL HAD OCCURR$ BE=E ?IS C\NTRY 5T]$ ! W>4 ,S9CE ,PE>L ,H>BOR1 !RE HAS BE5 QUITE LIT]ALLY NOT A S+LE CASE ( RADICAL ANTI-W> ACTIVITY ON A SCALE TO 9VITE GOV]NM5T REPRESSION4 ,! ONE EF=T ?AT WAS MADE TO /OP ! W>-! ,PEACE ,N[ ,MOVEM5T-A C\RAGE\S & 9 MANY WAYS ADMIRABLE BEG9N+1 WAS ESS5TIALLY LIB]AL 9 ITS ORI5TATION1 NOT GO+ BEYOND URG+ ITS ADH]5TS TO WRITE TO !IR CONGRESSM51 BUT ! FR5ZI$ HA/E ) :I* ! RADICALS1 9CLUD+ EV5 SOME AV[$ PACIFI/S1 REPUDIAT$ ?IS ORGANIZATION1 ONCE ! MORE V5OM\S ( ! B\RGEOIS NEWSPAP]S BEGAN TO SME> IT1 REFLECT$ NO CR$IT ON ! QUALITY ( !IR RADICALISM4 ,SOME ( ! CRITICISMS LEVEL$ AGA9/ ,PEACE ,N[ W]E UNQUE/IONABLY JU/IFI$-ITS /&>DS = ADMITT+ MEMB]S W]E TOO HAPHAZ>D1 ITS EF=TS TO 5LI/ ! SUPPORT ( CONS]VATIVE POLITICIANS W]E OPPORTUNI/IC & NAIVE1 & ITS PROGRAM WAS TOO VAGUE & 9EFFECTUAL TO PROMISE MU* HOPE ( SUCCESS4 ,BUT SU* CRITICISM C\LD ONLY BE MADE HONE/LY IF ! CRITICS W]E !MSELVES MAK+ A SIMIL> ATTEMPT ON A S\ND] & MORE PR9CIPL$ BASIS4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 H[EV]1 !SE OBJECTIONS W]E RAIS$ PRIM>ILY \T ( %E] FRI<T AT ! PROSPECT ( BE+ COMPROMIS$ BY AN ORGANIZATION :I* HAD ! C\RAGE TO /& UP = ! POSITION :I* ALL RADICALS HAD ALWAYS ADVOCAT$--9 PEACE-TIME--OPPOS+ ! W> 9 PRACTICE AS WELL AS 9 !ORY4 ,FAC$ ) ?IS ACTUAL ISSUE1 !IR BRAVE RESOLUTIONS W]E =GOTT5 & !Y IGNOM9I\SLY SCUTTL$ = COV] BEH9D A NEW-F\ND SECT>IAN PURISM ?AT WAS BO? DI%ONE/ & DIS+5U\S4 

,I,I4 

,PRO-W> RADICALS 7OR RA!R EX-RADICALS1 S9CE IT IS ABSURD TO CONSID] ANYONE A RADICAL "9 :ILE HE IS SUPPORT+1 H[EV] CRITICALLY1 ! GOV]NM5T-ESPECIALLY 9 W>TIME :5 IT IS AT ITS MO/ REPRESSIVE & VICI\S7 >E A PH5OM5ON :I* SEEMS TO OCCUR 9 ALL W>S1 NO MATT] H[ BLATANTLY IMP]IALI/IC !Y >E4 ,IT IS PRIM>ILY A MANIFE/ATION ( EMOTIONAL 9/ABILITY RA!R ?AN A S]I\S & PR9CIPL$ POSITION4 ,C]TA9 RADICALS1 :5 CONFRONT$ BY ! FACT ( W>1 T5D TO LOSE CONTROL ( !IR EMOTIONS1 & 9 SPITE ( /RONG 9TELLECTUAL CONVICTIONS1 SOMETIMES EXT5D+ OV] MANY YE>S1 >E SWEPT 9TO ! PATRIOTIC CAMP4 ,USUALLY1 ( C\RSE1 !Y SUCCE$ 9 RATIONALIZ+ ?IS DEP>TURE FROM PR9CIPLE1 AT LEA/ TO !IR [N SATISFACTION1 & 9SI/ VEHEM5TLY ?AT !Y HAVE NOT REALLY *ANG$ !IR VIEWS1 BUT ! RATIONALIZATIONS >E ALMO/ 9V>IABLY A PA!TIC BL5D ( RETROSPECTIVE FALSIFICATION & AN HY/]ICAL ACCEPTANCE ( PREMISES :I* RUN C\NT] NOT ONLY TO !IR [N PREVI\S CONVICTIONS1 BUT TO ! :OLE PHILOSOPHY ( RADICALISM4 

,TO EXPOSE ! >GUM5T :I* ! RADICAL VICTIMS ( W>-PSY*OSIS PUT =W>D TO JU/IFY !IR POSITION IS L>GELY A WA/E ( TIME1 BECAUSE !Y >E NOT REALLY PREP>$ TO >GUE ! QUE/ION4 ,!IR RATIONALIZATIONS >E M]ELY A FACE-SAV+ DEVICE & HAVE NO CAUSAL CONNECTION ) !IR ACTUAL /ATE ( M9D4 ,= EXAMPLE1 MO/ ( ! W>-RADICALS ( ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> TOOK ! POSITION ?AT ! FAILURE ( 9DEP5D5T WORK+-CLASS ACTION TO PREV5T ! SPREAD ( ,NAZISM HAD LEFT !M ) NO ALT]NATIVE BUT TO SUPPORT ! LESS] EVIL' ( ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS1 S9CE ! ,NAZIS W]E SO EFFICI5T AT SUPPRESS+ 9T]NAL DISS5T ?AT A ,G]MAN VICTORY W\LD DE/ROY =EV] ! POSSIBILITY ( /RUGGL+ = A BETT] SOCIAL SY/EM4 ,ONCE ! DANG] ( A ,NAZI-DOM9AT$ WORLD HAD BE5 AV]T$1 !Y MA9TA9$1 IT W\LD BE SAFE = RADICALS TO RETURN TO !IR TRADITIONAL OPPOSITION TO ! /ATUS QUO4 ,?IS >GUM5T1 IF TRUE1 LOGICALLY R$UCES ! FUNDAM5TAL ASSUMPTIONS ( RADICALISM TO ABSURDITY1 S9CE IF ! ,NAZI TE*NIQUES = SUPPRESS+ OPPOSITION >E SO EFFECTIVE ?AT !Y C\LD NEV] HAVE BE5 OV]?R[N FROM BEL[1 IT %\LD FOLL[ ?AT !SE SAME TE*NIQUES1 9 ! H&S ( ! VICTORI\S RUL]S ( ,RUSSIA1 & ! O!R ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS-:O HAVE HAD AMPLE OPPORTUNITY TO LE>N EV]Y?+ ! ,NAZIS HAD TO TEA* & HAVE GIV5 NO EVID5CE ?AT !Y W\LD HESITATE TO APPLY IT-W\LD BE EQUALLY EFFECTIVE1 ?US 5D+ = GOOD ! POSSIBILITY ( A BETT] WORLD4 ,MOREOV]1 ! W>-RADICALS >E NOT EV5 CAPABLE ( ACCEPT+ ! LOGIC ( !IR [N 'LESS] EVIL' !ORY4 ,IT HAS BE5 P]FECTLY OBVI\S = MORE ?AN A YE> ?AT !RE WAS NO LONG] ANY POSSIBLE DANG] ( ! ,NAZIS DOM9AT+ ! WORLD1 & ?AT ! REAL ?REAT ( WORLD DOM9ATION COMES FROM ! ,BIG ,?REE4 ,NONE!LESS1 NOT A S+LE W> RADICAL HAS YET REMEMB]$ ?AT HIS DEFECTION FROM RADICALISM WAS ONLY SUPPOS$ TO LA/ UNTIL ! ,NAZI ,P]IL HAD BE5 ELIM9AT$4 

,I,I,I4 

,:AT RADICAL OPPOSITION TO ! W> EXI/S IS1 = ! MO/ P>T1 ( A CURI\SLY AB/RACT *>ACT]4 ,:ILE OPPOS+ ! W> 9 !ORY & NOISILY PROCLAIM+ HIS IDEOLOGICAL PURITY 9 ?IS MATT]1 ! TYPICAL ANTI-W> RADICAL IS HORRIFI$ AT ! SUGGE/ION ?AT HE %\LD ACTIVELY RESI/ ! W>4 ,HE DOES NOT HESITATE TO TAKE A JOB 9 A MUNITIONS FACTORY1 OR EV5 GO 9TO ! >M$ =CES1 & ! PROPOSAL ?AT HE %\LD ADVOCATE AN IMM$IATE PEACE DRIVES HIM TO FURY4 ,HE /IGMATIZES ?IS POSITION AS B\RGEOIS1 ON ! GR\NDS ?AT ONLY A SOCIAL REVOLUTION CAN REALLY DE/ROY ! ROOTS ( W>1 & ?AT TO ADVOCATE ANY?+ %ORT ( ?IS BETRAYS ! WORK+ CLASS BY CREAT+ ! ILLUSION ?AT ! /ATUS QUO CAN BE TRU/$ TO FUR!R !IR 9T]E/S4 

,IT IS QUITE TRUE ?AT MANY ( ! PROPON5TS ( AN IMM$IATE PEACE >E HEAVILY 9FLU5C$ BY B\RGEOIS LIB]AL ?9K+1 & >E F> FROM REVOLUTION>Y 9 !IR APPROA* & OBJECTIVES4 ,IT IS ALSO TRUE ?AT 5D+ ! W>1 9 ITSELF1 LEAVES UNSOLV$ ! MAJOR PROBLEMS ( MANK9D1 & DOES NOT GU>ANTEE ?AT !RE WILL NOT BE A NEW W> 9 ! NE> FUTURE4 ,H[EV]1 9 MY OP9ION1 SU* CONSID]ATIONS >E L>GELY IRRELEVANT TO ! REAL QUE/ION1 & >E RAIS$ ONLY TO CONFUSE ! ISSUE & EXCUSE ! RADICALS = !IR 9ACTION4 ,A CAMPAIGN TO 5D ! W> CAN BE EI!R B\RGEOIS LIB]AL OR RADICAL DEP5D+ ON ! ME?ODS IT EMPLOYS1 & ITS ATTITUDE T[>DS ! EXI/+ GOV]NM5T4 ,BY WAY ( ANALOGY1 LET US EXAM9E ! WAY CIVIL LIB]TIES CASES >E H&L$ BY RADICALS1 AS DI/+UI%$ FROM LIB]ALS4 

,ACCORD+ TO ! LOGIC ( ! ANTI-W>1 ANTI-PEACE RADICALS1 IF A MEMB] ( A RADICAL GR\P IS >RE/$ & IMPRISON$ = HIS ACTIVITIES1 ! GR\P %\LD CONDUCT A CAMPAIGN PO9T+ \T ?AT ! LEGAL SY/EM ( /ATUS QUO IS UNJU/ & DETRIM5TAL TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 BUT !Y %\LD NOT1 BY ANY MEANS1 DEM& ?AT ! VICTIM BE RELEAS$4 ,SU* A DEM&1 ACCORD+ TO ,?IS VIEWPO9T1 W\LD BE ESS5TIALLY B\RGEOIS & C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y 9ASMU* AS 7#a7 ,! RELEASE ( ! IMPRISON$ RADICAL W\LD NOT DE/ROY ! SY/EM UND] :I* HE WAS UNJU/LY IMPRISON$ & 7#b7 ,IT W\LD HELP TO CREATE ! FATAL ILLUSION ?AT ! GOV]NM5T WAS A B5EVOL5T 9/ITUTION :I* C\LD BE DEP5D$ UPON TO DO ! RI<T ?+ = ! WORK]S 9 ! LONG RUN4 ,!RE MAY BE SOME EXTREME SECT>IANS :O W\LD >GUE 9 ?IS MANN]1 BUT ,I HAVE NEV] MET UP ) ANY ( !M4 ,9 ACTUAL PRACTICE1 RADICAL GR\PS1 :5 CONFRONT$ BY A CIVIL LIB]TIES CASE1 MAKE USE ( ONE OR ! O!R ( TWO APPROA*ES4 

,! LIB]AL APPROA*1 :I* IS COMP>ABLE ) ! LIB]AL1 WRITE-Y\R-CONGRESSMAN-TO-5D-!-W> TE*NIQUE1 CONSI/S ( >GU+ ?AT ! >RE/ IS UNCON/ITUTIONAL2 ?AT !RE HAS BE5 A MISC>RIAGE ( JU/ICE :I* MU/ BE REM$I$4 ,! FUNDAM5TAL 9TEGRITY ( ! LEGAL SY/EM IS NOT QUE/ION$3 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! VIOLATION ( ! VICTIM'S CIVIL RI<TS IS DEPICT$ AS 9COMPREH5SIBLE1 & ! POSSIBILITY ?AT ! AU?ORITIES MI<T BE ACT+ ) MALICE A=E?\<T IS IGNOR$4 ,SU* A CAMPAIGN CAN V]Y EASILY PLAY AN ESS5TIALLY C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ROLE4 ,IT BUTTRESSES ! PRET5SIONS ( ! /ATUS QUO 9 ! ACT ( OPPOSITION4 ,BY MAK+ ! CASE APPE> AS A R>E EXCEPTION1 IT TACITLY IMPLIES ?AT ! RULE IS JU/ & HONORABLE4 

,! RADICAL APPROA*1 ON ! O!R H&1 MAKES NO ATTEMPT TO CONCEAL ! FACT ?AT ! LEGAL CODE IS WEI<T$ 9 FAVOR ( ! /ATUS QUO1 & ?AT ! VICTIM IS BE+ P]SECUT$ = HIS VIEWS-NOT UNEXPECT$LY1 ?R\< SOME SLIPUP 9 ! LAW-5=C+ MA*9]Y1 BUT AS A LOGICAL CONSEQU5CE ( ! :OLE EMPHASIS ( ! CODE4 ,! C\RTS >E NOT CALL$ UPON1 RESPECTFULLY1 TO UNDO AN ]ROR1 BUT 9DICT$ AS AG5TS ( ! 5EMIES ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! RADICALS DO NOT /OP H]E1 H[EV]2 !Y SET \T TO 5LI/ AS MU* POPUL> SUPPORT = ! VICTIM AS POSSIBLE1 & USE ?IS SUPPORT TO PUT PRESSURE ON ! GOV]NM5T TO RELEASE ITS VICTIM4 ,BY ORGANIZ+ DEMON/RATIONS1 /RIKES1 & SIMIL> PUBLIC DI/URBANCES1 !Y MAKE IT SO UNCOM=TABLE = ! GOV]NM5T ?AT F9ALLY IT GRUDG+LY YIELDS4 ,IF & :5 ! VICTIM IS RELEAS$ AS ! RESULT ( SU* PRESSURE1 NO ONE CAN POSSIBLY CONCLUDE ?AT ! GOV]NM5T HAS ACT$ \T ( B5EVOL5CE OR A DESIRE ?AT AN 9JU/ICE BE CORRECT$2 IT HAS OBVI\SLY BE5 =C$1 BY ! ACTION ( ! WORK]S1 & AGA9/ ITS WILL1 TO MAKE A CONCESSION4 ,?US1 ! SY/EM /&S CONDEMN$ AS ! 5EMY ( ! ELEM5T>Y RI<TS ( ! WORK]S1 & AT ! SAME TIME ! WORK]S HAVE BE5 >\S$ TO CONCRETE1 & TO A DEGREE1 SUCCESSFUL1 ACTION AGA9/ IT4 

,S9CE W>1 BO? FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! WORK+ CLASS AS A :OLE1 & ! RADICAL WORK]S 9 P>TICUL>1 IS A MU* GREAT] M5ACE ?AN ! M]E IMPRISONM5T ( AN 9DIVIDUAL1 IT %\LD FOLL[ ?AT RADICALS W\LD ACT 9 ! MO/ VIGOR\S MANN] TO BR+ IT TO AN 5D4 ,NOT ONLY >E L>GE NUMB]S ( WORK]S BE+ DRAFT$ 9TO ! >MY1 !REBY RUNN+ A S]I\S RISK ( BE+ KILL$ OR W\ND$1 BUT ! RI<T TO /RIKE1 & CIVIL LIB]TIES G5]ALLY1 >E 5DANG]$ 9 W>TIME AS AT NO O!R TIME4 ,ONLY ! ASSUMPTION ?AT ! W> IS 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! OPPRESS$--AN ASSUMPTION :I* NO G5U9E RADICAL C\LD MAKE CONC]N+ ! PRES5T CONFLICT--C\LD PROVIDE A PR9CIPL$ EXCUSE = ! RADICALS' FAILURE TO ACT4 

,CONTEMPOR>Y RADICALS1 H[EV]1 >E NOT REALLY V]Y MU* CONC]N$ ) PR9CIPLES1 & :5 PRESS$ WILL USUALLY DEF5D !IR 9ACTIVITY ) >GUM5TS ?AT >E BAS$ ON PURE EXP$I5CY4 ,S9CE ! WORK+ CLASS1 & P>TICUL>LY ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S1 HAVE ACCEPT$ ! W> ) GREAT DOCILITY1 ! RADICALS CONT5D ?AT !Y CANNOT ADVOCATE ANTI-W> ACTIVITY1 !REBY RUNN+ ! RISK ( ALI5AT+ !IR POT5TIAL FOLL[]S4 ,ANYH[1 !Y >GUE1 ! W> IS NE>LY OV]1 & IT IS TOO LATE TO DO ANY?+ AB\T IT4 

,IT IS DIFFICULT TO COPE ) >GUM5TS LIKE ?IS1 NOT BECAUSE !Y >E VALID1 BUT BECAUSE !Y REPRES5T SU* A ?OR\<LY DEBAS$ V]SION ( RADICALISM ?AT IT SC>CELY SEEMS WOR? BO!R+ )4 ,!SE >E NOT ! >GUM5TS ( PEOPLE :O >E S]I\SLY WORK+ = A BETT] WORLD1 BUT ( CYNICAL POLITICIANS :O >E ONLY 9T]E/$ 9 P[] = !MSELVES4 ,RADICALISM ?AT IS WOR?Y ( ! NAME DOES NOT WAIT = ! 'MASSES' TO MAKE ! FIR/ MOVE4 ,IF ?IS HAD BE5 ! POLICY ( RADICALS 9 ! OLD DAYS1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO IMAG9E H[ ! MOVEM5T W\LD HAVE GOTT5 />T$4 ,! TRUE RADICAL IS AN AGITATOR1 :O REG>DS IT AS HIS FUNCTION TO COMBAT APA?Y & HO/ILITY ON ! P>T ( ! WORK]S2 HE DOES NOT GO 9TO HID+ UNTIL !Y BEG9 TO ACT 9 A REVOLUTION>Y MANN]1 & !N JUMP ON ! B&WAGON4 

,! >GUM5T ?AT IT IS TOO LATE TO DO ANY?+ AB\T ! W> IS ALSO A BYPRODUCT ( ! MOD]N RADICAL'S LACK ( 9ITIATIVE RA!R ?AN HONE/ CONVICTION4 ,IT HAS BE5 CURR5T N[ = AT LEA/ TWO YE>S1 DUR+ :I* TIME SOME?+ C\LD SURELY HAVE BE5 DONE4 ,EV5 TODAY1 AL?\< ,EUROPE HAS ALREADY BE5 0LIB]AT$0--OBLIB]AT$ W\LD BE A BETT] WORD--! >MIES HAVE NOT YET BE5 )DRAWN1 & ! ,ASIATIC W> IS /ILL 9 PROGRESS4 

,A RADICAL CAMPAIGN = AN IMM$IATE PEACE W\LD RESEMBLE ! LIB]AL EF=TS 9 ?IS DIRECTION ONLY 9 ITS BROAD OBJECTIVE-JU/ AS 9 CIVIL LIB]TIES CASES1 BO? RADICALS & LIB]ALS >E ATTEMPT+ TO FREE ! VICTIMS4 ,RADICALS W\LD NOT1 AS ! LIB]AL PACIFI/S >E 9CL9$ TO DO1 PRES5T ! DEM& = PEACE AS IF !Y W]E ASK+ ! GOV]NM5T TO CORRECT AN OV]SI<T1 NOR W\LD !Y PRET5D ?AT PEACE W\LD MEAN 5DUR+ BLISS = ! C\NTRY1 & ! WORLD4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y C\LD CONT9UE TO EMPHASIZE ?AT ! EXI/+ GOV]NM5T IS 9CAPABLE ( MAK+ A JU/ & LA/+ PEACE-AS IT CANNOT BE TRU/$ TO MA9TA9 CIVIL LIB]TIES4 ,!Y W\LD CONSEQU5TLY PRES5T ! GOAL ( PEACE FRANKLY AS A /OPGAP1 :I* W\LD SOLVE NO FUNDAM5TAL PROBLEMS1 & :I*1 9 ALL PROBABILITY1 W\LDN'T LA/-UNLESS ! WORK]S TOOK FUR!R ACTION4 ,IT MI<T BE OBJECT$ ?AT SU* A PRES5TATION W\LD BE TOO NEGATIVE & COLORLESS TO HAVE ANY APPEAL1 BUT ,I BELIEVE ?AT ! AV]AGE WORK] IS SUFFICI5TLY SOPHI/ICAT$ TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ! ADVANTAGES ( NOT BE+ %OT AT1 & NOT BE+ RE/RICT$ & REGIM5T$ 9 ! HUNDR$ & ONE WAYS ! W> REQUIRES1 >E DESIRABLE 9 !MSELVES1 EV5 ?\< !Y DO NOT REPRES5T ,UTOPIA4 

,I,V4 

,MANY ( ! RADICALS :O OPPOSE ! PRES5T W> >E NOT AGA9/ W> AS SU*1 BUT ONLY 'IMP]IALI/ W>S'1 ?AT IS1 W>S :I* >E F\<T BY CAPITALI/ OR TOTALIT>IAN /ATES = PR(ITS1 =EIGN M>KETS & COLONIES4 ,RADICALS ( ?IS S*OOL ( ?\<T BELIEVE ?AT W>S F\<T = 'PROGRESSIVE' 5DS-NOTABLY CIVIL W>S-W>RANT !IR FULL SUPPORT & P>TICIPATION4 ,TODAY1 !Y >E 5?USIA/IC *AMPIONS ( ! IRREGUL> >MIES ( ,POL&1 ,GREECE & ,FRANCE1 & BECOME FURI\SLY 9DIGNANT IF IT IS SUGGE/$ ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN ,CIVIL ,W>1 ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION>Y ,W>S1 ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 OR EV5 ! ,RUSSIAN ,CIVIL ,W> DID NOT B5EFIT ! CAUSE ( ! OPPRESS$4 

,?IS ATTITUDE HAS LONG SEEM$ TO ME A ROMANTIC C>RYOV] FROM AN E>LI] DAY :5 ! FULL IMPLICATIONS ( RADICALISM HAD NOT YET BE5 WORK$ \T4 ,MO/ ( ! RADICALS ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY DID NOT BELIEVE ?AT ! A*IEVEM5T ( A FREE & EQUAL SOCIETY W\LD BE A V]Y DIFFICULT PROBLEM4 ,!Y EI!R ASSUM$ ?AT SU* A SOCIETY C\LD BE BR\<T AB\T BY A RADICAL M9ORITY :I* W\LD SEIZE CONTROL ( ! /ATE1 & !N MANIPULATE ! MASSES 9TO ! PROP] /ATE ( M9D1 OR !Y BELIEV$ ?AT ! NEW SOCIETY W\LD SPR+ 9TO BE+ SPONTANE\SLY ONCE ! OLD ORD] HAD BE5 DE/ROY$4 ,9 NEI!R CASE DID IT MATT] ESPECIALLY :AT MEANS W]E EMPLOY$1 & S9CE MILIT>Y ME?ODS PROMIS$ TO A*IEVE RESULTS MORE QUICKLY ?AN ANY O!R1 !Y W]E WIDELY FAVOR$4 ,?IS WAS GIV5 A C]TA9 PLAUSIBILITY AT ! TIME1 MOREOV]1 BY ! FACT ?AT ! >T ( W> WAS /ILL 9 A RELATIVELY PRIMITIVE /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T1 & A POORLY EQUIPP$ >MY ( REVOLUTIONI/S MI<T V]Y WELL BE A MAT* = ! =CES ?AT C\LD BE MU/]$ BY ! EXI/+ GOV]NM5T4 

,TODAY ! SITUATION IS GREATLY ALT]$4 ,:ILE AN IRREGUL> >MY ( REVOLUTIONI/S /OOD SOME *ANCE ( DEFEAT+ A REGUL> >MY EQUIPP$ ) S+LE-%OT RIFLES & MUZZLE-LOAD+ CANNONS1 IT IS NO MAT* = TANKS1 DOVE-BOMB]S & MOD]N SIEGE >TILL]Y1 AS EV5TS 9 ,SPA91 & MORE REC5TLY 9 ,POL& & ,GREECE HAVE DEMON/RAT$4 ,BUT :AT IS 9F9ITELY MORE IMPORTANT IS ! FACT ?AT MILIT>Y ME?ODS HAVE BE5 DISCOV]$ TO BE UTT]LY 9COMPATIBLE ) ! ATTA9M5T ( A REALLY FREE & EQUAL SOCIETY4 ,IT IS N[ RECOGNIZ$ BY RADICALS :O HAVE GIV5 S]I\S CONSID]ATION TO ! MATT] ?AT SU* A SOCIETY CANNOT BE IMPOS$ BY A B5EVOL5T M9ORITY1 NOR WILL IT >ISE SPONTANE\SLY UPON ! DE/RUCTION ( ! /ATUS QUO4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAS EXPLOD$ BO? ( !SE HYPO!SES4 ,S]I\S RADICALS HAVE COME TO REALIZE ?AT ! MEANS EMPLOY$ TO BR+ AB\T SOCIALISM HAVE A V]Y IMPORTANT 9FLU5CE ON ! K9D ( SOCIALISM A*IEV$1 & ?AT TO PREP>E = A SOCIETY ( FRE$OM & EQUALITY1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO BUILD UP ! SORT ( ORGANIZATION1 & TO FO/] ! ATTITUDES & BEHAVIOR1 :I* WILL PROMOTE !SE VALUES4 ,!RE=E1 ASIDE FROM PURELY HUMANIT>IAN CONSID]ATIONS--& !SE ALSO >E V]Y IMPORTANT 9 A MOVEM5T D$ICAT$ TO BRO!RHOOD & HUMAN DIGNITY 7IT IS ONE ( ! WOR/ 9CONSI/5CIES ( A L>GE SECTION ( CONTEMPOR>Y RADICALISM ?AT1 :ILE IT PR(ESSES TO BE WORK+ = ! GOOD ( ALL MANK9D1 IT DISMISSES ANY CONC]N = ! VICTIMS ( BLOOD%$ AS 0S5TIM5TALITY07--MILIT>Y ME?ODS ( A*IEV+ ! NEW SOCIETY MU/ BE REJECT$ BECAUSE !Y >E FUNDAM5TALLY \T ( H>MONY ) ! PSY*OLOGICAL BASIS ( EQUALITY & FRE$OM4 

,! TAK+ ( HUMAN LIFE1 AS ,TOL/OY HAS PO9T$ \T1 IS NOT AN ACTIVITY 9 :I* ! AV]AGE 9DIVIDUAL 5GAGES VOLUNT>ILY & 9 COLD BLOOD4 ,! AV]AGE MAN CAN BE MADE 9TO AN EFFICI5T & RU?LESS KILL]1 BUT FIR/ HE MU/ UND]GO A RIGOR\S P]IOD ( PREP>ATION1 TO DEAD5 HIS MORAL S5SIBILITIES & HIS S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY4 ,EXCEPT 9 COMP>ATIVELY R>E 9/ANCES1 M5 >E ONLY ABLE TO TAKE HUMAN LIFE :5 !Y >E ACT+ UND] ORD]S FROM SOME HI<] AU?ORITY :I* SANCTIONS ! KILL+ & ABSOLVES !M ( ALL P]SONAL RESPONSIBILITY = ! ACT4 ,IT DOES NOT MATT] P>TICUL>LY :E!R ?IS AU?ORITY IS AN IMP]IALI/ /ATE1 ! ,*UR* ,MILITANT1 OR A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY--9 EA* CASE IT IS ! ORGANIZATION ?AT BE>S ! RESPONSIBILITY & NOT ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,FROM ! /&PO9T ( SOCIAL EQUALITY & FRE$OM1 ! DANG]S 9H]5T 9 ?IS SITUATION %\LD BE OBVI\S4 ,ONCE AN 9DIVIDUAL HAS BE5 TRA9$1 OR COME TO ACCEPT ! PR9CIPLE ?AT HE IS NOT P]SONALLY RESPONSIBLE = :AT HE DOES1 HIS ABILITY TO ACT 9DEP5D5TLY1 AS A MEMB] ( A FREE1 SELF-GOV]N+ COMMUNITY IS NECESS>ILY IMPAIR$4 ,IT IS WELL KN[N ?AT EX-SOLDI]S DO NOT MAKE GOOD DEMOCRATS2 ?AT !IR T5D5CY IS TO FOLL[ A LEAD]1 BL9DLY & UNQUE/ION+LY4 ,IT IS FREQU5TLY >GU$ ?AT ?IS C\LD BE REM$I$1 9 A REVOLUTION>Y >MY1 BY GIV+ GREAT] 9DIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY TO ! SOLDI]S1 *OOS+ (FIC]S BY POPUL> VOTE1 ETC4 ,?IS REASON+ SEEMS TO ME TO BE BAS$ ON A FUNDAM5TAL MISCONCEPTION ( ! NATURE ( MILIT>ISM3 IT IS NOT AU?ORIT>IAN SIMPLY BECAUSE IT HAS AN UNDEMOCRATIC H]ITAGE1 :I* C\LD BE DE/ROY$ BY *ANG+ ! LEAD]%IP & MAK+ C]TA9 /RUCTURAL *ANGES 9 ! >MY1 BUT BECAUSE ! NATURAL T5D5CY ( ! AV]AGE SOLDI]1 CONSCI\SLY OR UNCONSCI\SLY1 IS TO EVADE MORAL RESPONSIBILITY = HIS ACTIONS BY TRANSF]R+ IT TO HIS SUP]IORS4 ,LET US NOT =GET ?AT ,NAPOLEON />T$ HIS C>E] AS AN (FIC] 9 A REVOLUTION>Y >MY1 & ?AT HE A*IEV$ HIS P[] TO A GREAT EXT5T BECAUSE ( ! SUPPORT ( HIS TROOPS4 ,LIKEWISE1 9 BO? ! ,RUSSIAN & ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>S1 ! REVOLUTION>Y >MIES />T$ \T V]Y DEMOCRATIC1 BUT HAD BECOME ?OR\<LY AUTOCRATIC BE=E ! W> WAS OV]4 

,IT WILL BE OBJECT$ ?AT )\T ! USE ( >M$ =CE1 ! OV]?R[ ( ! EXI/+ SY/EM W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,I DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT ?IS IS TRUE4 ,IT IS QUITE POSSIBLE ?AT A REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITY W\LD BE UNABLE TO E/ABLI% ITSELF 9 CONTROL ( ! /ATE )\T MAK+ USE ( MILIT>Y ME?ODS1 BUT S9CE A MANEUV] ( ?IS SORT HAS NO?+ TO DO ) A G5U9E CLASSLESS SOCIETY1 IT IS BESIDE ! PO9T4 ,A TRULY FREE & EQUAL SOCIAL SY/EM CAN ONLY BE REALIZ$ :5 A SUB/ANTIAL MAJORITY ( ! WORK+ POPULATION >E CONSCI\SLY 9 FAVOR ( IT1 & 9 ?IS CASE1 SU* TE*NIQUES ( /RUGGLE AS ! /RIKE1 ! BOYCOTT1 SABOTAGE & CIVIL DISOB$I5CE %\LD BE P]FECTLY ADEQUATE TO %AKE LOOSE ! RUL+ CLASS4 

,NOTE 

,! WORDS 'SOCIALI/' & 'RADICAL' >E FREQU5TLY US$ AS ?\< !Y W]E SYNONYMS4 ,I DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT ?IS IS ALTOGE!R ACCURATE1 IF WE ACCORD TO ! WORDS !IR COMMON MEAN+S1 & DO NOT TRY TO FIT ! DEF9ITIONS TO \R [N IDEAS4 ,A SOCIALI/1 BROADLY SPEAK+1 IS ANYONE :O ADVOCATES COMMON [N]%IP ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION 7AL?\< !RE IS CONSID]ABLE DISAGREEM5T AMONG SOCIALI/S ( DIFF]5T S*OOLS1 AS TO :I* SOCIAL UNIT %\LD BE VE/$ ) [N]%IP3 OP9ION ON ?IS QUE/ION RANGES ALL ! WAY FROM ! VILLAGE COMMUNITY TO ! ,TOTAL ,/ATE47 ,A RADICAL IS SIMPLY ONE :O BELIEVES ?AT FUNDAM5TAL *ANGES 9 ! SOCIAL SY/EM >E NECESS>Y4 ,AT ! PRES5T TIME ,I ?9K ,IT IS QUITE SAFE TO SAY ?AT NE>LY ALL RADICALS >E SOCIALI/S ( ONE SORT OR ANO!R1 BUT MANY SOCIALI/S >E NOT1 & 9DE$ NEV] HAVE BE51 RADICALS4 ,?OSE SOCIALI/S :O BELIEVE ?AT SOCIALISM CAN BE A*IEV$ LEGALLY1 BY ELECT+ A MAJORITY 9 ! LEGISLATIVE BRAN* ( ! GOV]NM5T1 & !N PASS+ CON/ITUTIONAL AM5DM5TS LEGISLAT+ SOCIALISM 9TO BE+1 >E NOT RADICALS BUT LIB]ALS4 !Y DO NOT ADVOCATE FUNDAM5TAL SOCIAL *ANGE1 BUT A ,NEW ,DEAL )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ?OSE SOCIALI/S :O UPHOLD ! RUL]S ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,/ATE >E CONS]VATIVES RA!R ?AN RADICALS1 S9CE !Y SELDOM ADVOCATE ANY?+ BUT ! RET5TION ( ! /ATUS QUO 9 ,RUSSIA4 

#i4 ,T[>DS A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MORALITY BY ,H4 ,R4 ,CANT9E ,JR4 

,RETORT1 ,A QU>T]LY J\RNAL ( ,AN>*ISM1 >T & REVIEWS1 ,SPR+1 #aidc 

REPR9T$ 9 ,RETORT ,SPECIAL ,AN?OLOGY ,ISSUE1 #a#i#d#b-#a#i#e#a4 ,RETORT WAS ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ BY ! ,RETORT ,PRESS1 ,BE>SVILLE1 ,NEW ,YORK2 ,HOLLEY ,R4 ,CANT9E1 ,JR41 ,$ITOR4 

,I4 

,! PR(\ND DET]IORATION ( CIVILIZ$ /&>DS ( CONDUCT DUR+ REC5T YE>S HAS BR\<T AB\T A GREAT DEAL ( DISCUSSION CONC]N+ ! ROLE ( E?ICAL CRIT]IA 9 SOCIAL ?9K+4 ,?IS DISCUSSION HAS BE5 5DLESSLY CONFUS$ BY ! ASSUMPTION ?AT MORAL /&>DS >E ! EXCLUSIVE PROV9CE ( !OLOGICAL RELIGION1 AN ASSUMPTION MADE BY BO? ! RELIGIONI/ & !IR MORE OR?ODOX RADICAL OPPON5TS4 

,! RELIGI\S LEAD]S ( NE>LY ALL SECTS >E AGRE$ ?AT ! PRIM>Y CAUSE ( ! WORLD CRISIS IS LOSS ( FAI?4 ,!Y ACCUSE ! PHILOSOPH]S ( MAT]IALISM & RATIONALISM ( BE+ ! TRUE ORIG9ATORS ( TOTALIT>IANISM4 ,MAN1 !Y 9SI/1 IS WEAK & S9FUL4 ,)\T ! RE/RA9+ 9FLU5CE ( ! FE> ( GOD1 HE 9V>IABLY LETS HIS BAS] NATURE GET \T ( CONTROL1 ) FATAL CONSEQU5CES = CIVILIZ$ VALUES4 ,CONV5I5TLY OV]LOOK+ ! /ATE ( SOCIETY :5 ! *UR* WAS DOM9ANT1 !Y ASS]T ?AT ! ONLY HOPE = DEMOCRACY1 OR 9DE$ = CIVILIZATION ITSELF1 LIES 9 A RETURN TO ! RELIGI\S BELIEFS ( \R FA!RS4 

,?IS !OLOGICAL EXPLANATION ( ! CAUSE & CURE ( CATA/ROPHE IS1 ( C\RSE1 GROSSLY 9ACCURATE4 ,S9CE !Y >E UNABLE TO ACC\NT = HUMAN MOTIVATION EXCEPT 9 T]MS ( FE> ( DIV9E RETRIBUTION1 ! !OLOGIANS COMPLETELY FAIL TO RECOGNIZE ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL FACTORS 9VOLV$ 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY4 ,TO !M ALL ! EVILS ( TODAY >E DIRECTLY TRACEABLE TO ?OSE PHILOSOPH]S :O SUPPOS$LY TURN$ MAN AWAY FROM GOD1 & AT MO/ !Y >E WILL+ TO CONC$E ?AT ! *UR* WAS P>TLY TO BLAME3 IT DID NOT COMBAT ITS [N 9T]NAL ABUSES ) SUFFICI5T VIGOR1 !REBY PROVID+ ! OPPOSITION ) VALUABLE AMMUNITION4 ,?US1 !IR SOLUTION IS HOPELESSLY NAIVE3 MAN HAS ONLY TO R5\NCE HIS DISBELIEF1 & RE/ORE ! *UR* TO ITS 0RI<TFUL0 PLACE 9 SOCIETY1 & H>MONY & SECURITY WILL SOON BE E/ABLI%$4 ,= !IR P>T !Y PROMISE TO SET !IR H\SE 9 ORD] & PURGE !MSELVES ( ! WORLDL9ESS :I* HAS BR\<T !M 9TO DISREPUTE1 BUT FEW ( !M >E CAPABLE ( GO+ BEYOND ?AT4 

,NEV]!LESS1 DESPITE !IR CONFUSION ( CAUSE & EFFECT & !IR LACK ( UND]/&+ ( ! COMPLEXITY ( HUMAN MOTIVATION1 SOME ( !SE RELIGI\S ?9K]S HAVE A CLE>] GRASP ( ! NATURE ( ! SITUATION ?AN DO ! MORE OR?ODOX RADICALS4 ,BE+ UND] NO COMPULSION TO 9T]PRET SOCIETY 9 PURELY ECONOMIC T]MS1 !Y HAVE BE5 ABLE TO FOCUS !IR ATT5TION ON ! DEG5]ATION ( HUMAN RELATIONS & ! RELAXATION ( MORALITY4 ,:ILE !Y >E C]TA9LY WRONG 9 BELIEV+ ?AT ! *UR* C\LD BR+ AB\T A REVIVAL ( MORAL BEHAVIOR1 !Y >E RI<T 9 PO9T+ \T ! NE$ = SU* BEHAVIOR4 ,! RADICALS1 ON ! O!R H&1 >E APP>5TLY 9CAPABLE ( PR(IT+ FROM ! MI/AKES & FAILURES ( ! PA/ & CONT9UE TO BELIEVE ?AT MORALITY IS SIMPLY A BYPRODUCT ( ! ECONOMIC SY/EM4 ,= !M1 !RE=E1 ! ONLY PROBLEM TO SOLVE IS ONE ( ECONOMIC REORGANIZATION4 

444,!RE IS NO D5Y+ ?AT ECONOMIC FACTORS PLAY AN EXTREMELY IMPORTANT P>T 9 SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T1 BUT TO 9T]PRET !M AS ! SOLE DET]M9ANT ( HUMAN MOTIVATION LEADS TO CONCLUSIONS :I* >E ALMO/ AS 9ACCURATE AS ?OSE ( ! !OLOGIANS1 ) ! EXCLUSIVE PREOCCUPATION ) ORIG9AL S94 ,! ECONOMIC SY/EM IS ITSELF SUBJECT TO GREAT MODIFICATION BY PSY*OLOGICAL FACTORS1 & ! CONDUCT ( REVOLUTIONI/ BE=E A*IEV+ P[] IS B\ND TO 9FLU5CE ! SORT ( SOCIETY !Y WILL E/ABLI%4 ,UNLESS S]I\S ATT5TION IS GIV5 TO PROBLEMS ( FUNDAM5TAL MORALITY1 !RE IS NO REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT AN ECONOMIC REVOLUTION W\LD LEAD TO ANY?+ MORE DESIRABLE ?AN ,G]MANY OR ,RUSSIA HAVE A*IEV$4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! RADICAL MOVEM5T HAS NE$ ( A !OLOGICAL APPROA*4 ,E?ICS & RELIGION >E F> FROM 9SEP>ABLE2 9 FACT1 !Y HAVE ALWAYS BE5 RA!R UNCOM=TABLE B$FELL[S4 ,A TRULY REVOLUTION>Y E?ICS1 BAS$ ON A SCI5TIFIC UND]/&+ ( MAN'S NATURE & NE$S IS :AT IS CALL$ =4 

,I,I4 

,! CONNECTION BETWE5 RELIGION1 9 ! S5SE ( BELIEF 9 ! SUP]NATURAL1 & MORALITY1 SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 ! RESULT ( A L>GELY =TUIT\S HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T1 & ! COMB9ATION HAS NEV] BE5 A /ABLE ONE4 ,SUP]NATURALISM 9 ITS SIMPLE/ & MO/ BASIC =M--! BELIEF 9 MAGIC--CONTA9S NO CONCEPTION ( GOOD & EVIL1 BUT IS ESS5TIALLY A TE*NIQUE = CONTROLL+ NATURE BY MEANS ( RITUAL ACTS4 ,?IS BELIEF APPE>S TO >ISE SPONTANE\SLY AS A PSY*OLOGICAL RESPONSE TO FRU/RATION1 & CAN BE OBS]V$ 9 SMALL *ILDR5 :O HAVE BE5 GIV5 NO !OLOGICAL TRA9+4 ,ONE SOMEH[ 'KN[S' ?AT HE WILL GET :AT HE WANTS IF HE WILL ONLY HOLD HIS BREA? = A C]TA9 L5G? ( TIME1 OR AVOID /EPP+ ON ! CRACKS 9 ! SIDEWALK4 

,?IS =M ( RELIGION IS V]Y WIDESPREAD AMONG PRIMITIVE PEOPLES4 ,A ,PAWNEE F>M]1 = 9/ANCE1 WILL PLANT A CURI\SLY %AP$ /ONE 9 HIS G>D51 9 ! BELIEF ?AT IT WILL 9SURE A GOOD CROP4 ,IF IT DOESN'T WORK1 HE WILL TRY A DIFF]5T /ONE1 BUT NOT =SAKE ! PR9CIPLE4 ,?R\<\T ,POLYNESIA1 ! CON/RUCTION ( L>GE W> CANOES & PUBLIC BUILD+S IS ATT5D$ BY ELABORATE C]EMONIES1 :I* >E CONSID]$ TO BE AS ESS5TIAL TO ! SUCCESS ( ! 5T]PRISE AS ! C>P5TRY TE*NIQUES4 ,SIMIL> EXAMPLES C\LD BE CIT$ FROM ALL P>TS ( ! WORLD4444,:5EV] LIFE IS DIFFICULT OR DANG]\S IT IS A GREAT S\RCE ( COM=T TO BE ABLE TO CONV9CE ONESELF ?AT ALL PROBLEMS CAN BE SOLV$ BY A SIMPLE ACT ( MAGIC4 

,! AMORALITY ( SU* A CONCEPTION IS OBVI\S 5\<4 ,ALL ?AT IS NECESS>Y TO E/ABLI% RAPPORT ) ! UNIV]SE IS KN[L$GE ( ! PROP] RITUALS--A SORT ( TE*NOLOGICAL KN[L$GE :I* CAN BE MANIPULAT$ BY ANYONE4 ,:AT IS P]HAPS NOT QUITE SO OBVI\S IS ?AT ?OSE RELIGIONS :I* HAVE ACQUIR$ A MORAL CONT5T HAVE NOT REALLY ALT]$ ! BASIC MAGICAL APPROA*4 ,= RITUAL !Y HAVE SUB/ITUT$ /&>DS ( BEHAVIOR--! IDEA ( S9--BUT ! UND]LY+ PR9CIPLE REMA9S ! SAME4 ,A BELIEV] 9 A !OLOGICAL MORAL CODE IS GOOD1 ACCORD+ TO DOCTR9E1 BECAUSE BY BE+ GOOD HE IS FULFILL+ ! WILL ( GOD1 & !REBY AVOID+ DIV9E RETRIBUTION1 JU/ AS ! ,PAWNEE IS AV]T+ CROP FAILURE ) HIS MAGIC /ONE4 ,BO? >E MANIPULAT+ NATURE TO A*IEVE A DESIR$ 5D1 ! ONLY DIFF]5CE BE+ ?AT ! MORAL RELIGIONI/ IS MANIPULAT+ HIS [N NATURE4 ,IF HE CAN F9D SOME WAY ( APPEAS+ ! SUP]NATURAL :I* DOES NOT REQUIRE MORAL BEHAVIOR--& VIRTUALLY ALL !OLOGICAL CODES PROVIDE SU* LOOPHOLES--HE NE$ NOT HAVE ! LEA/ COMPUNCTION AB\T DISREG>D+ E?ICAL COMM&M5TS4 ,S9CE ! ONLY REASON = MORAL BEHAVIOR IS TO PLEASE ! DEITY1 ONE IS NOT VIOLAT+ HIS RELIGI\S RESPONSIBILITIES BY BREAK+ ! MORAL LAW1 IF HE CAN DO SO )\T 9CURR+ GOD'S DISPLEASURE4 ,?US1 NE>LY ALL ( ! ,*RI/IAN *UR*ES SANCTION W>1 DESPITE ! SPECIFIC PROHIBITION ( KILL+ 9 !IR DOCTR9E4 ,?IS APP>5T VIOLATION ( PR9CIPLE HAS BE5 JU/IFI$ BY A SUBTLE PROCESS ( 9T]PRET+ SCRIPTURE--A PROCESS AT :I* ! !OLOGICAL M9D IS PECULI>LY ADEPT--9 SU* A WAY AS TO 'PROVE' ?AT ! MORAL LAW MAY BE SET ASIDE IF C]TA9 RITUAL PRECAUTIONS >E TAK54 ,9 SU* CASES ! *UR* FILLS A ROLE SIMIL> TO ?AT ( ! PRIMITIVE SORC]] :O1 BECAUSE ( HIS SUP]IOR TRA9+ OR ABILITY1 IS SUPPOS$ TO BE ABLE TO OBTA9 BETT] RESULTS FROM ! SPIRITS ?AN A M]E LAYMAN4 ,! ,*RI/IAN *UR*ES HAVE ONE GREAT ADVANTAGE OV] ! SORC]]1 H[EV]4 ,:ILE HE HAS TO ACCOMPLI% :AT LOOKS LIKE A TANGIBLE RESULT 9 ORD] TO SATISFY HIS CLI5T1 !Y DO NOT HAVE TO (F] ANY PRO( ?AT ! S\LS ( ! SAV$ REALLY GO TO HEAV54 

,!OLOGICAL CODES ( BEHAVIOR DO NOT DI/+UI% BETWE5 (F5SES ( A /RICTLY MORAL NATURE--?AT IS3 ?OSE :I* HAVE AN EFFECT ON HUMAN RELATIONS1 LIKE MURD] & !FT--& S9S :I* >E PURELY RITUALI/IC--LIKE NEGLECT+ TO OBS]VE A SACR$ C]EMONY OR EAT+ A =BIDD5 FOOD4 ,9DE$1 SU* A DI/9CTION W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE = !M TO MAKE4 ,S9S MAY BE DIFF]5TIAT$ ACCORD+ TO ! DEGREE ( !IR S]I\SNESS1 BUT S9CE !Y ALL REPRES5T VIOLATIONS ( COMM&M5TS :I* >E BELIEV$ TO BE ( DIV9E ORIG91 !RE IS NO BASIS = DIFF]5TIAT+ !M QUALITATIVELY4 ,?IS HAS FREQU5TLY RESULT$ 9 A CONCEPTION ( MORALITY :I* IS ACTUALLY DETRIM5TAL TO SOCIAL H>MONY4 ,! RITUAL REQUIREM5TS ( MANY RELIGIONS RUN C\NT] TO ! PSY*OLOGICAL NE$S ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 & !RE=E !IR 5=CEM5T CAUSES EMOTIONAL 9/ABILITY4 ,! ,CALV9I/ PROHIBITIONS ( DR9K+1 DANC+ & SEXUAL FRE$OM LEAD NATURALLY TO ! COMP5SATORY REACTIONS ( BIGOTRY & FANATICISM1 :I* HAVE HAD DISA/R\S SOCIAL CONSEQU5CES1 AS DUR+ ! ,SALEM WIT* TRIALS1 & ! ,PROHIBITION EXP]IM5T4 ,! >BITR>Y ASCETICISM ( ,ROMAN ,CA?OLICISM & ,MOHAMM$ANISM HAS LIKEWISE PRODUC$ GREAT SOCIAL /RIFE1 9 ! =M ( ,HOLY ,W>S & ,9QUISITIONS4 ,! RELIGI\S 9TUITION IS AN EXTREMELY UNRELIABLE MEANS ( ACQUIR+ KN[L$GE ( :AT IS BE/ = HUMANITY4 ,! SUBCONSCI\S M9D ( ! TYPICAL PROPHET IS BADLY W>P$ BY FRU/RATION1 & HIS 'REVELATIONS' USUALLY 9T5SIFY ! MALADJU/M5T \T ( :I* !Y GREW4 ,! OCCASIONAL BRILLIANT 9SI<TS ( C]TA9 RELIGI\S LEAD]S %\LD NOT BL9D US TO ! FACT ?AT MO/ RELIGI\S BELIEFS HAVE BE5 9JURI\S TO HUMAN WELL-BE+1 & ?AT !RE IS NO ME?OD :]EBY A S9C]E BELIEV] CAN DI/+UI% ! GOOD FROM ! BAD4 

,I,I,I4 

,IF WE DEF9E E?ICAL BEHAVIOR AS ?AT BEHAVIOR :I* PROMOTES ! SECURITY--BO? PHYSICAL & PSY*OLOGICAL--( ONE'S FELL[S1 IT BECOMES OBVI\S ?AT ! =M ( ! ECONOMY IS ( FUNDAM5TAL IMPORTANCE 9 9FLU5C+ MORAL ATTITUDES4 ,A HI<LY COMPETITIVE ECONOMIC SY/EM1 :I* PLACES A PREMIUM ON SUCCESS AT ! EXP5SE ( O!RS CAN H>DLY BE EXPECT$ TO CONTRIBUTE TO SU* SECURITY1 :ILE A COOP]ATIVE ECONOMY L5DS ITSELF NATURALLY TO HUMAN BRO!RHOOD4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! =M ( ! ECONOMY DET]M9ES ! MORAL /&>DS ( A CULTURE4 ,HUMAN MOTIVATION IS F> MORE COMPLEX ?AN ?AT4 ,! ECONOMIC =MS MAY !MSELVES BE PR(\NDLY ALT]$ BY CULTURAL ATTITUDES & RELIGI\S BELIEFS4 

444,:ILE ECONOMIC 9DIVIDUALISM SEEMS TO BE A MORE PROBABLE BASIS = SOCIAL CONFLICT1 & A CONSEQU5T WEAK DEVELOPM5T ( E?ICAL /&>DS ( BEHAVIOR1 IT IS NOT IMPOSSIBLE = A SOCIETY TO BE ECONOMICALLY COOP]ATIVE1 YET SOCIALLY /RATIFI$ & COMPETITIVE4 ,! ,MAORI ( ,NEW ,ZEAL& W]E VIRTUALLY COMMUNI/S 9 ! ECONOMIC S5SE2 EV]YONE %>+ EQUALLY 9 ! FOOD SUPPLY & EA* CONTRIBUT+ !IR %>E ( LABOR4 ,H[EV]1 ! SOCIETY WAS RIGIDLY /RATIFI$ POLITICALLY1 [+ TO ! FACT ?AT ONE'S SOCIAL /ATUS WAS DET]M9$ BY ONE'S ORD] ( BIR?4 ,! ELDE/ SON WAS ( HI<] RANK444 

,IT W\LD ?US APPE> ?AT ! =M ( ! ECONOMY IS NOT 9 ITSELF AN ADEQUATE BASIS = DET]M9+ ! MORAL /&>DS ( A SOCIETY4 ,SOCIAL /RATIFICATION & CONFLICT CAN EXI/ )\T BE+ CAUS$ BY ECONOMIC FACTORS4 ,:ILE IT W\LD BE FUTILE TO EXPECT A MORAL R5OVATION ( MOD]N SOCIETY )\T PR(\ND ECONOMIC REORI5TATION1 S9CE ! HI<LY COMPETITIVE ECONOMY ( CAPITALISM IS 9 DIRECT CONFLICT ) AN ATTITUDE ( HUMAN BRO!RHOOD1 AN ECONOMIC *ANGE ALONE W\LD BE 9SUFFICI5T4 ,A SOCIETY :I* IS /RATIFI$ ON ! BASIS ( PRE/IGE OR ABILITY CAN BE JU/ AS COMPETITIVE & HAVE AS LITTLE FEEL+ ( SOLID>ITY & EMOTIONAL SECURITY1 AS ONE 9 :I* SOCIAL DI/9CTIONS >E BAS$ ON WEAL?4 ,?IS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE 9 A BUREAUCRATIC SETUP1 :]E !RE IS LIKELY TO BE BITT] RIVALRY AMONG JOBHOLD]S1 & A MAD SCRAMBLE = ADVANCEM5T 9 ! HI]>*Y1 :E!R OR NOT !RE IS A SAL>Y DIFF]5TIAL4 ,FRAT]NAL FEEL+ & E?ICAL BEHAVIOR DO NOT ?RIVE 9 SU* AN ATMOSPH]E4 

444,WE MU/ RECOGNIZE ?AT MAN CAN SURVIVE )\T FEEL+ SOLID>ITY ) HIS FELL[S1 BUT HE CAN DO SO ONLY AS A FRU/RAT$ & ANXIETY-RIDD5 BRUTE4 ,IT IS ONLY ?R\< FO/]+ AN ATTITUDE ( BRO!RHOOD ?AT A SOCIAL SY/EM :I* AF=DS REAL EMOTIONAL & SOCIAL SECURITY CAN BE MADE POSSIBLE4 

,! RADICAL MOVEM5T1 AS IT IS N[ CON/ITUT$1 LEAVES MU* TO BE DESIR$ 9 ITS UND]/&+ ( ! PR9CIPLE ( HUMAN BRO!RHOOD & 9 ITS ABILITY TO APPLY IT4 ,IT HAS BE5 PRIM>ILY PREOCCUPI$ ) PROBLEMS ( GA9+ P[]1 & HAS T5D$ TO REG>D SOLID>ITY AS AN 9CID5TAL BYPRODUCT ( A SUCCESSFUL REVOLUTION4 ,MOREOV]1 S9CE IT HAS ALWAYS BE5 COMPOS$ TO A GREAT EXT5T ( 9DIVIDUALS :O TURN$ TO RADICALISM BECAUSE !Y W]E FRU/RAT$ & MALADJU/$1 & :OSE P]SONALITIES W]E !RE=E BADLY W>P$1 MEGALOMANIA & FACTIONAL /RIFE HAVE PLAY$ A L>GE P>T 9 ITS ACTIVITIES4 ,:ILE GIV+ LIP-S]VICE TO SOLID>ITY1 SU* RADICALS DEVOTE MO/ ( !IR TIME & 5]GY TO BATTL+ AMONG !MSELVES = PETTY ADVANTAGES1 OR SCOR+ 9CONSEQU5TIAL !ORETICAL PO9TS 9 5DLESS SQUABBLES4 

,UNTIL WE CAN COME TO REALIZE ?AT HUMAN WELL-BE+ IS NOT GO+ TO SPR+ FULLY =M$ FROM AN ECONOMIC REORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY1 BUT MU/ BE C>EFULLY NURTUR$1 ON A BASIS ( P]SONAL SYMPA?Y & UND]/&+1 \R EF=TS WILL1 9 ALL LIKELIHOOD1 RESULT 9 A WORSE SOCIETY ?AN ! PRES5T ONE4 ,! DIGNITY ( MAN & PSY*OLOGICAL SECURITY HAVE BE5 ALL BUT DE/ROY$ BY ! SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS ( MOD]N SOCIETY1 & MU/ BE L>GELY RECON/RUCT$ FROM ! GR\ND UP4 ,?IS IS AN EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TASK 9 A SOCIETY :OSE EV]Y EMPHASIS IS DIRECT$ AT DIVID+ MAN FROM HIS FELL[S1 & ONE :I* CAN ONLY BE UND]TAK5 BY ?OSE :O REALLY FEEL ?AT ALL HUMAN BE+S >E BRO!RS1 REG>DLESS ( ! CONTEMPT !Y MAY HOLD = !IR BELIEFS4 ,ONLY 9 P]SON TO P]SON RELATION%IPS CAN TRUE SOLID>ITY BE BUILT1 & )\T SOLID>ITY ! MO/ P]FECT ECONOMIC /RUCTURE CAN DO LITTLE TO PROMOTE ! WELL-BE+ ( MANK9D4 

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