,REPORT ON ! ,CON/RUCTION ( ,SITUATIONS 
,& ON ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SITUATIONI/ ,T5D5CY'S ,CONDITIONS ( ,ORGANIZATION & ,ACTION 

#aieg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GUY ,DEBORD 

,AU?OR 3 ,K5 ,KNABB 

,TEXT 3 

,REVOLUTION & ,C\NT]REVOLUTION 9 ,MOD]N ,CULTURE 

,FIR/ ( ALL1 WE ?9K ! WORLD MU/ BE *ANG$4 ,WE WANT ! MO/ LIB]AT+ *ANGE ( ! SOCIETY & LIFE 9 :I* WE F9D \RSELVES CONF9$4 ,WE KN[ ?AT SU* A *ANGE IS POSSIBLE ?R\< APPROPRIATE ACTIONS4 

,\R SPECIFIC CONC]N IS ! USE ( C]TA9 MEANS ( ACTION & ! DISCOV]Y ( NEW ONES1 MEANS :I* >E MORE EASILY RECOGNIZABLE 9 ! DOMA9 ( CULTURE & CU/OMS1 BUT :I* MU/ BE APPLI$ 9 9T]RELATION ) ALL REVOLUTION>Y *ANGES4 

,A SOCIETY'S 0CULTURE0 BO? REFLECTS & PREFIGURES ITS POSSIBLE WAYS ( ORGANIZ+ LIFE4 ,\R ]A IS *>ACT]IZ$ BY ! LAGG+ ( REVOLUTION>Y POLITICAL ACTION BEH9D ! DEVELOPM5T ( MOD]N POSSIBILITIES ( PRODUCTION :I* CALL = A MORE ADVANC$ ORGANIZATION ( ! WORLD4 

,WE >E GO+ ?R\< A CRUCIAL HI/ORICAL CRISIS 9 :I* EA* YE> POSES MORE ACUTELY ! GLOBAL PROBLEM ( RATIONALLY MA/]+ ! NEW PRODUCTIVE =CES & CREAT+ A NEW CIVILIZATION4 ,YET ! 9T]NATIONAL WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T1 ON :I* DEP5DS ! PR]EQUISITE OV]?R[ ( ! ECONOMIC 9FRA/RUCTURE ( EXPLOITATION1 HAS REGI/]$ ONLY A FEW P>TIAL LOCAL SUCCESSES4 ,CAPITALISM HAS 9V5T$ NEW =MS ( /RUGGLE 7/ATE 9T]V5TION 9 ! ECONOMY1 EXPANSION ( ! CONSUM] SECTOR1 FASCI/ GOV]NM5TS7 :ILE CAM\FLAG+ CLASS OPPOSITIONS ?R\< V>I\S RE=MI/ TACTICS & EXPLOIT+ ! DEG5]ATIONS ( WORK+-CLASS LEAD]%IPS4 ,9 ?IS WAY IT HAS SUCCE$$ 9 MA9TA9+ ! OLD SOCIAL RELATIONS 9 ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ! HI<LY 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES1 !REBY DEPRIV+ A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY ( ITS 9DISP5SABLE MAT]IAL BASE4 ,9 CONTRA/1 ! UND]DEVELOP$ OR COLONIZ$ C\NTRIES1 :I* OV] ! LA/ DECADE HAVE 5GAG$ 9 ! MO/ DIRECT & MASSIVE BATTLES AGA9/ IMP]IALISM1 HAVE BEGUN TO W9 SOME V]Y SIGNIFICANT VICTORIES4 ,!SE VICTORIES >E AGGRAVAT+ ! CONTRADICTIONS ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY & 7P>TICUL>LY 9 ! CASE ( ! ,*9ESE REVOLUTION7 C\LD BE A CONTRIBUT+ FACTOR T[>D A R5EWAL ( ! :OLE REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,SU* A R5EWAL CANNOT LIMIT ITSELF TO RE=MS )9 ! CAPITALI/ OR ANTICAPITALI/ C\NTRIES1 BUT MU/ DEVELOP CONFLICTS POS+ ! QUE/ION ( P[] EV]Y:]E4 

,! %ATT]+ ( MOD]N CULTURE IS ! RESULT1 ON ! PLANE ( IDEOLOGICAL /RUGGLE1 ( ! *AOTIC CRISIS ( !SE ANTAGONISMS4 ,! NEW DESIRES ?AT >E TAK+ %APE >E PRES5T$ 9 DI/ORT$ =M3 PRES5T-DAY RES\RCES C\LD 5ABLE !M TO BE FULFILL$1 BUT ! ANA*RONI/IC ECONOMIC /RUCTURE IS 9CAPABLE ( DEVELOP+ !SE RES\RCES TO SU* 5DS4 ,RUL+-CLASS IDEOLOGY HAS MEAN:ILE LO/ ALL COH]5CE BECAUSE ( ! DEPRECIATION ( ITS SUCCESSIVE CONCEPTIONS ( ! WORLD 7A DEPRECIATION :I* LEADS ! RUL+ CLASS TO HI/ORICAL 9DECISION & UNC]TA9TY72 BECAUSE ( ! COEXI/5CE ( A RANGE ( MUTUALLY CONTRADICTORY REACTION>Y IDEOLOGIES 7SU* AS ,*RI/IANITY & SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY72 & BECAUSE ( ! MIX+ 9TO CONTEMPOR>Y ,WE/]N CULTURE ( A NUMB] ( ONLY REC5TLY APPRECIAT$ FEATURES ( SEV]AL =EIGN CIVILIZATIONS4 ,! MA9 GOAL ( RUL+-CLASS IDEOLOGY IS !RE=E TO MA9TA9 ?IS CONFUSION4 

,)9 CULTURE 7IT %\LD BE UND]/OOD ?AT ?R\<\T ?IS TEXT WE >E IGNOR+ ! SCI5TIFIC OR $UCATIONAL ASPECTS ( CULTURE1 EV5 IF ! CONFUSION WE HAVE NOT$ IS ALSO VISIBLY REFLECT$ AT ! LEVEL ( G5]AL SCI5TIFIC !ORIES & NOTIONS ( $UCATION2 WE >E US+ ! T]M TO REF] TO A COMPLEX ( ES!TICS1 S5TIM5TS & CU/OMS3 ! REACTION ( AN ]A ON EV]YDAY LIFE7 !RE >E TWO P>ALLEL C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y CONFUSIONI/ TACTICS3 ! P>TIAL COOPTION ( NEW VALUES1 & A DELIB]ATELY ANTICULTURAL1 9DU/RIALLY FACILITAT$ PRODUCTION 7NOVELS1 FILMS71 ! LATT] BE+ A NATURAL CONT9UATION ( ! IMBECILIZATION ( Y\NG PEOPLE BEGUN 9 !IR S*OOLS & FAMILIES4 ,! RUL+ IDEOLOGY SEES TO IT ?AT SUBV]SIVE DISCOV]IES >E TRIVIALIZ$ & /]ILIZ$1 AFT] :I* !Y CAN BE SAFELY SPECTACUL>IZ$4 ,IT EV5 MANAGES TO MAKE USE ( SUBV]SIVE 9DIVIDUALS -- BY FALSIFY+ !IR WORKS AFT] !IR DEA?1 OR1 :ILE !Y >E /ILL ALIVE1 BY TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! G5]AL IDEOLOGICAL CONFUSION & DRUGG+ !M ) ONE OR ANO!R ( ! MANY MY/IQUES AT !IR DISPOSAL4 

,ONE ( ! CONTRADICTIONS ( ! B\RGEOISIE 9 ITS P]IOD ( DECL9E IS ?AT :ILE IT RESPECTS ! AB/RACT PR9CIPLE ( 9TELLECTUAL & >TI/IC CREATION1 IT RESI/S ACTUAL CREATIONS :5 !Y FIR/ APPE>1 !N EV5TUALLY EXPLOITS !M4 ,?IS IS BECAUSE IT NE$S TO MA9TA9 A C]TA9 DEGREE ( CRITICALITY & EXP]IM5TAL RESE>* AMONG A M9ORITY1 BUT MU/ TAKE C>E TO *ANNEL ?IS ACTIVITY 9TO N>R[LY COMP>TM5TALIZ$ UTILIT>IAN DISCIPL9ES & AV]T ANY HOLI/IC CRITIQUE & EXP]IM5TATION4 ,9 ! DOMA9 ( CULTURE ! B\RGEOISIE /RIVES TO DIV]T ! TA/E = 9NOVATION1 :I* IS DANG]\S = IT 9 \R ]A1 T[>D C]TA9 CONFUS$1 DEGRAD$ & 9NOCU\S =MS ( NOVELTY4 ,?R\< ! COMM]CIAL ME*ANISMS ?AT CONTROL CULTURAL ACTIVITY1 AVANT-G>DE T5D5CIES >E CUT (F FROM ! SEGM5TS ( SOCIETY ?AT C\LD SUPPORT !M1 SEGM5TS ALREADY LIMIT$ BECAUSE ( ! G5]AL SOCIAL CONDITIONS4 ,! PEOPLE )9 !SE T5D5CIES :O BECOME WELL KN[N >E G5]ALLY ACCEPT$ AS EXCEPTIONAL 9DIVIDUALS1 ON ! CONDITION ?AT !Y ACCEPT V>I\S R5UNCIATIONS3 ! ESS5TIAL PO9T IS ALWAYS ! R5UNCIATION ( A COMPREH5SIVE OPPOSITION & ! ACCEPTANCE ( FRAGM5T>Y WORKS SUSCEPTIBLE TO DIV]SE 9T]PRETATIONS4 ,?IS IS :AT GIVES ! V]Y T]M 0AVANT-G>DE10 :I* 9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS IS ALWAYS DEF9$ & MANIPULAT$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE1 A DUBI\S & RIDICUL\S ASPECT4 

,! V]Y NOTION ( A COLLECTIVE AVANT-G>DE1 ) ! MILITANT ASPECT IT IMPLIES1 IS A REC5T PRODUCT ( ! HI/ORICAL CONDITIONS ?AT >E SIMULTANE\SLY GIV+ RISE TO ! NECESSITY = A COH]5T REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM 9 CULTURE & TO ! NECESSITY TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! =CES ?AT IMP$E ! DEVELOPM5T ( SU* A PROGRAM4 ,SU* GR\PS >E L$ TO TRANSPOSE 9TO !IR SPH]E ( ACTIVITY C]TA9 ORGANIZATIONAL ME?ODS ORIG9ALLY CREAT$ BY REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS1 & !IR ACTION IS H5CE=? 9CONCEIVABLE )\T SOME CONNECTION ) A POLITICAL CRITIQUE4 ,9 ?IS REG>D !RE IS A NOTABLE PROGRESSION FROM ,FUTURISM ?R\< ,DADAISM & ,SURREALISM TO ! MOVEM5TS =M$ AFT] #a#i#d#e4 ,AT EA* ( !SE /AGES1 H[EV]1 ONE DISCOV]S ! SAME DESIRE = TOTAL *ANGE2 & ! SAME RAPID DIS9TEGRATION :5 ! 9ABILITY TO *ANGE ! REAL WORLD PR(\NDLY 5\< LEADS TO A DEF5SIVE )DRAWAL TO ! V]Y DOCTR9AL POSITIONS :OSE 9ADEQUACY HAD JU/ BE5 REVEAL$4 

,FUTURISM1 :OSE 9FLU5CE SPREAD FROM ,ITALY 9 ! P]IOD PREC$+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I1 ADOPT$ AN ATTITUDE ( REVOLUTIONIZ+ LIT]ATURE & ! >TS :I* 9TRODUC$ A GREAT NUMB] ( =MAL 9NOVATIONS1 BUT :I* WAS ONLY BAS$ ON AN EXTREMELY SIMPLI/IC APPLICATION ( ! NOTION ( ME*ANICAL PROGRESS4 ,FUTURISM'S PU]ILE TE*NOLOGICAL OPTIMISM VANI%$ ) ! P]IOD ( B\RGEOIS EUPHORIA ?AT HAD SU/A9$ IT4 ,ITALIAN ,FUTURISM COLLAPS$1 GO+ FROM NATIONALISM TO FASCISM )\T EV] ATTA9+ A MORE COMPLETE !ORETICAL VISION ( ITS TIME4 

,DADAISM1 9ITIAT$ 9 ,ZURI* & ,NEW ,YORK BY REFUGEES & DES]T]S FROM ,WORLD ,W> ,I1 EXPRESS$ ! REJECTION ( ALL ! VALUES ( A B\RGEOIS SOCIETY :OSE BANKRUPTCY HAD JU/ BECOME SO GROSSLY EVID5T4 ,ITS VIOL5T MANIFE/ATIONS 9 PO/W> ,G]MANY & ,FRANCE AIM$ MA9LY AT ! DE/RUCTION ( >T & LIT]ATURE & TO A LESS] DEGREE AT C]TA9 =MS ( BEHAVIOR 7DELIB]ATELY IMBECILIC SPECTACLES1 SPEE*ES & EXCURSIONS74 ,ITS HI/ORIC ROLE IS TO HAVE DELIV]$ A MORTAL BL[ TO ! TRADITIONAL CONCEPTION ( CULTURE4 ,! ALMO/ IMM$IATE DISSOLUTION ( DADAISM WAS AN 9EVITABLE RESULT ( ITS PURELY NEGATIVE DEF9ITION4 ,! DADAI/ SPIRIT HAS NEV]!LESS 9FLU5C$ ALL SUBSEQU5T MOVEM5TS2 & ANY FUTURE CON/RUCTIVE POSITION MU/ 9CLUDE A DADAI/-TYPE NEGATIVE ASPECT AS LONG AS ! SOCIAL CONDITIONS ?AT IMPOSE ! REPETITION ( ROTT5 SUP]/RUCTURES -- CONDITIONS ?AT HAVE 9TELLECTUALLY ALREADY BE5 DEF9ITIVELY CONDEMN$ -- HAVE NOT BE5 WIP$ \T BY =CE4 

,! CREATORS ( SURREALISM1 :O HAD P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! DADAI/ MOVEM5T 9 ,FRANCE1 5DEAVOR$ TO DEF9E ! T]RA9 ( A CON/RUCTIVE ACTION ON ! BASIS ( ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT & ! EXTREME DEPRECIATION ( TRADITIONAL MEANS ( COMMUNICATION EXPRESS$ BY DADAISM4 ,SETT+ \T FROM A POETIC APPLICATION ( ,FREUDIAN PSY*OLOGY1 SURREALISM EXT5D$ ! ME?ODS IT HAD DISCOV]$ TO PA9T+1 TO FILM1 & TO SOME ASPECTS ( EV]YDAY LIFE2 & ITS 9FLU5CE1 9 MORE DIFFUSE =MS1 SPREAD MU* FUR!R4 ,N[1 :AT IS IMPORTANT 9 AN 5T]PRISE ( ?IS NATURE IS NOT :E!R IT IS COMPLETELY OR RELATIVELY RI<T1 BUT :E!R IT SUCCE$S 9 CATALYZ+ = A C]TA9 TIME ! DESIRES ( AN ]A4 ,SURREALISM'S P]IOD ( PROGRESS1 M>K$ BY ! LIQUIDATION ( IDEALISM & A MOM5T ( RALLY+ TO DIALECTICAL MAT]IALISM1 CAME TO A HALT SOON AFT] #a#i#c1 BUT ITS DECAY ONLY BECAME EVID5T AFT] ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I4 ,SURREALISM HAD BY !N SPREAD TO NUM]\S C\NTRIES4 ,IT HAD ALSO 9ITIAT$ A DISCIPL9E :OSE RIGOR MU/ NOT BE OV]E/IMAT$ & :I* WAS (T5 TEMP]$ BY COMM]CIAL CONSID]ATIONS1 BUT :I* WAS NEV]!LESS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS ( /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! CONFUSIONI/ ME*ANISMS ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 

,! SURREALI/ PROGRAM1 ASS]T+ ! SOV]EIGNTY ( DESIRE & SURPRISE & PROPOS+ A NEW WAY ( LIFE1 IS MU* RI*] 9 CON/RUCTIVE POSSIBILITIES ?AN IS G5]ALLY REALIZ$4 ,! LIMIT$ SCOPE ( SURREALISM WAS 9 L>GE P>T DUE TO ! LACK ( MAT]IAL MEANS = FULFILL+ ITS AIMS4 ,BUT ! DEVOLUTION ( ITS ORIG9AL PROPON5TS 9TO SPIRITUALISM1 & ABOVE ALL ! M$IOCRITY ( ITS LAT] MEMB]S1 OBLIGES US TO SE>* = ! FAIL$ DEVELOPM5T ( SURREALI/ !ORY 9 ! V]Y ORIG9 ( ?AT !ORY4 

,! ]ROR ?AT IS AT ! ROOT ( SURREALISM IS ! IDEA ( ! 9F9ITE RI*NESS ( ! UNCONSCI\S IMAG9ATION4 ,! CAUSE ( SURREALISM'S IDEOLOGICAL FAILURE WAS ITS BELIEF ?AT ! UNCONSCI\S WAS ! F9ALLY DISCOV]$ ULTIMATE =CE ( LIFE2 & ! FACT ?AT ! SURREALI/S REVIS$ ! HI/ORY ( IDEAS 9 ACCORDANCE ) ?AT SIMPLI/IC P]SPECTIVE & NEV] W5T ANY FUR!R4 ,WE N[ KN[ ?AT ! UNCONSCI\S IMAG9ATION IS POOR1 ?AT AUTOMATIC WRIT+ IS MONOTON\S1 & ?AT ! :OLE O/5TATI\S G5RE ( W\LD-BE 0/RANGE0 & 0%OCK+0 SURREALI/IC CREATIONS HAS CEAS$ TO BE V]Y SURPRIS+4 ,! =MAL FIDELITY TO ?IS /YLE ( IMAG9ATION ULTIMATELY LEADS BACK TO ! POL> OPPOSITE ( ! MOD]N CONDITIONS ( IMAG9ATION3 BACK TO TRADITIONAL OCCULTISM4 ,! EXT5T TO :I* SURREALISM HAS REMA9$ DEP5D5T ON ITS HYPO!SIS REG>D+ ! UNCONSCI\S CAN BE SE5 9 ! !ORETICAL 9VE/IGATIONS ATTEMPT$ BY ! SECOND-G5]ATION SURREALI/S3 ,CALAS & ,MABILLE RELATE EV]Y?+ TO ! TWO SUCCESSIVE ASPECTS ( ! SURREALI/ PRACTICE ( ! UNCONSCI\S -- ! =M] TO PSY*OANALYSIS1 ! LATT] TO COSMIC 9FLU5CES4 ,! DISCOV]Y ( ! ROLE ( ! UNCONSCI\S WAS 9DE$ A SURPRISE & AN 9NOVATION2 BUT IT WAS NOT A LAW ( FUTURE SURPRISES & 9NOVATIONS4 ,FREUD HAD ALSO 5D$ UP DISCOV]+ ?IS :5 HE WROTE3 0,:ATEV] IS CONSCI\S WE>S \T4 ,:AT IS UNCONSCI\S REMA9S UNALT]ABLE4 ,BUT ONCE IT IS FRE$1 IT TOO FALLS TO RU940 

,OPPOS+ AN APP>5TLY IRRATIONAL SOCIETY 9 :I* ! CLA% BETWE5 REALITY & ! OLD BUT /ILL VIGOR\SLY PROCLAIM$ VALUES WAS PU%$ TO ! PO9T ( ABSURDITY1 SURREALISM MADE USE ( ! IRRATIONAL TO DE/ROY ?AT SOCIETY'S SUP]FICIALLY LOGICAL VALUES4 ,! V]Y SUCCESS ( SURREALISM HAS A LOT TO DO ) ! FACT ?AT ! MO/ MOD]N SIDE ( ?IS SOCIETY'S IDEOLOGY HAS R5\NC$ A /RICT HI]>*Y ( FACTITI\S VALUES & OP5LY USES ! IRRATIONAL1 9CLUD+ VE/IGES ( SURREALISM4 ,! B\RGEOISIE MU/ ABOVE ALL PREV5T A NEW BEG9N+ ( REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T4 ,IT WAS AW>E ( ! DANG] ( SURREALISM4 ,N[ ?AT IT HAS BE5 ABLE TO COOPT IT 9TO ORD9>Y ES!TIC COMM]CE1 IT W\LD LIKE PEOPLE TO BELIEVE ?AT SURREALISM WAS ! MO/ RADICAL & DI/URB+ MOVEM5T POSSIBLE4 ,IT ?US CULTIVATES A SORT ( NO/ALGIA = SURREALISM AT ! SAME TIME ?AT IT DISCR$ITS ANY NEW V5TURE BY AUTOMATICALLY PIGEONHOL+ IT AS A REHA% ( SURREALISM1 A R]UN ( A DEFEAT :I* ACCORD+ TO IT IS DEF9ITIVE & CAN NO LONG] BE BR\<T BACK 9TO QUE/ION BY ANYONE4 ,REACT+ AGA9/ ! ALI5ATION ( ,*RI/IAN SOCIETY HAS L$ SOME PEOPLE TO ADMIRE ! COMPLETELY IRRATIONAL ALI5ATION ( PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES4 ,BUT WE NE$ TO GO =W>D1 NOT BACKW>D4 ,WE NE$ TO MAKE ! WORLD MORE RATIONAL -- ! NECESS>Y FIR/ /EP 9 MAK+ IT MORE EXCIT+4 

,DECOMPOSITION3 ,! ,ULTIMATE ,/AGE ( ,B\RGEOIS ,?\<T 

,! TWO MA9 C5T]S ( 0MOD]N0 CULTURE >E ,P>IS & ,MOSC[4 ,! /YLES ORIG9AT+ 9 ,P>IS 7! MAJORITY ( :OSE ELABORATORS >E NOT ,FR5*7 9FLU5CE ,EUROPE1 ,AM]ICA & ! O!R DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES ( ! CAPITALI/ ZONE SU* AS ,JAPAN4 ,! /YLES IMPOS$ ADM9I/RATIVELY BY ,MOSC[ 9FLU5CE ALL ! WORK]S /ATES & ALSO HAVE A SLI<T EFFECT ON ,P>IS & ITS ,EUROPEAN ZONE ( 9FLU5CE4 ,! ,MOSC[ 9FLU5CE IS DIRECTLY POLITICAL4 ,! P]SI/5CE ( ! TRADITIONAL 9FLU5CE ( ,P>IS /EMS P>TLY FROM ITS LONG-5TR5*$ POSITION AS PR(ESSIONAL CULTURAL C5T]4 

,BECAUSE B\RGEOIS ?\<T IS LO/ 9 SY/EMATIC CONFUSION & ,M>XI/ ?\<T HAS BE5 PR(\NDLY DI/ORT$ 9 ! WORK]S /ATES1 CONS]VATISM REIGNS BO? ,EA/ & ,WE/1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! DOMA9 ( CULTURE & CU/OMS4 ,?IS CONS]VATISM IS OV]T 9 ,MOSC[1 :I* HAS REVIV$ ! TYPICALLY PETTY-B\RGEOIS ATTITUDES ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,9 ,P>IS IT IS HIDD51 DISGUIS$ AS AN>*ISM1 CYNICISM OR HUMOR4 ,AL?\< BO? ( !SE RUL+ CULTURES >E FUNDAM5TALLY 9CAPABLE ( DEAL+ ) ! REAL PROBLEMS ( \R TIME1 RELEVANT EXP]IM5TATION HAS BE5 C>RI$ FUR!R 9 ! ,WE/4 ,9 ! CONTEXT ( ?IS SORT ( CULTURAL PRODUCTION1 ! ,MOSC[ ZONE FUNCTIONS AS A REGION ( UND]DEVELOPM5T4 

,9 ! B\RGEOIS ZONE1 :]E AN APPE>ANCE ( 9TELLECTUAL FRE$OM HAS G5]ALLY BE5 TOL]AT$1 ! KN[L$GE ( ! MOVEM5T ( IDEAS & ! CONFUS$ VISION ( ! MULTIPLE TRANS=MATIONS ( ! SOCIAL 5VIRONM5T T5D TO MAKE PEOPLE AW>E ( AN ONGO+ UPHEAVAL :OSE MOTIVAT+ =CES >E \T ( CONTROL4 ,! REIGN+ S5SIBILITY TRIES TO ADAPT ITSELF TO ?IS SITUATION :ILE RESI/+ NEW *ANGES ?AT PRES5T NEW DANG]S4 ,! SOLUTIONS (F]$ BY ! RETROGRADE CURR5TS ULTIMATELY COME D[N TO ?REE MA9 ATTITUDES3 PROLONG+ ! FA%IONS PRODUC$ BY ! DADA-SURREALISM CRISIS 7:I* CRISIS IS SIMPLY ! SOPHI/ICAT$ CULTURAL EXPRESSION ( A /ATE ( M9D ?AT SPONTANE\SLY MANIFE/S ITSELF :]EV] PREVI\SLY ACCEPT$ MEAN+S ( LIFE CRUMBLE ALONG ) PREVI\S LIFE/YLES72 SETTL+ 9TO M5TAL RU9S2 OR RETURN+ TO ! DI/ANT PA/4 

,9 ! FIR/ CASE1 A DILUT$ =M ( SURREALISM CAN BE F\ND EV]Y:]E4 ,IT HAS ALL ! TA/ES ( ! SURREALI/ ]A & NONE ( ITS IDEAS4 ,ITS ES!TIC IS BAS$ ON REPETITION4 ,! REMNANTS ( OR?ODOX SURREALISM HAVE >RIV$ AT ! /AGE ( OCCULTI/ S5ILITY1 & >E AS 9CAPABLE ( >TICULAT+ AN IDEOLOGICAL POSITION AS !Y >E ( 9V5T+ ANY?+ :ATSOEV]4 ,!Y L5D CR$5CE TO 9CREAS+LY CRUDE *>LATANISMS & 5G5D] O!RS4 

,SETT+ UP %OP 9 NULLITY IS ! CULTURAL SOLUTION ?AT HAS BE5 MO/ VISIBLE 9 ! YE>S FOLL[+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I4 ,?IS SOLUTION 9CLUDES TWO POSSIBILITIES1 EA* ( :I* HAS BE5 ABUNDANTLY ILLU/RAT$3 DISSIMULAT+ NO?+NESS BY MEANS ( AN APPROPRIATE VOCABUL>Y1 OR OP5LY FLAUNT+ IT4 

,! FIR/ ( !SE OPTIONS HAS BECOME P>TICUL>LY FAM\S S9CE ! ADV5T ( EXI/5TIALI/ LIT]ATURE1 :I* HAS REPRODUC$1 UND] ! COV] ( A BORR[$ PHILOSOPHY1 ! MO/ M$IOCRE ASPECTS ( ! CULTURAL EVOLUTION ( ! PREC$+ ?REE DECADES & AUGM5T$ ITS MASS-M$IA-BAS$ NOTORIETY BY DOSES ( FAKE ,M>XISM & PSY*OANALYSIS & BY SUCCESSIVE ANN\NCEM5TS ( MORE OR LESS >BITR>Y POLITICAL 5GAGEM5TS & RESIGNATIONS4 ,!SE TACTICS HAVE G5]AT$ A V]Y L>GE NUMB] ( FOLL[]S1 AV[$ OR UNACKN[L$G$4 ,! CONT9U+ PROLIF]ATION ( AB/RACT PA9T+ & ITS ASSOCIAT$ !ORIES IS ANO!R EXAMPLE ( ! SAME NATURE & SCOPE4 

,! COMPLAC5T AFFIRMATION ( TOTAL M5TAL NULLITY IS EXEMPLIFI$ BY ! REC5T NEOLIT]>Y PH5OM5ON ( 0CYNICAL Y\NG RI<T-W+ NOVELI/S10 BUT IS BY NO MEANS LIMIT$ TO RI<T-W+]S1 NOVELI/S1 OR SEMI-Y\?4 

,AMONG ! T5D5CIES CALL+ = A RETURN TO ! PA/1 ! DOCTR9E ( ,SOCIALI/ ,REALISM HAS PROV5 TO BE ! MO/ DURABLE1 BECAUSE ITS 9DEF5SIBLE POSITION 9 ! DOMA9 ( CULTURAL CREATION SEEMS TO BE SUPPORT$ BY ITS APPEAL TO ! CONCLUSIONS ( A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,AT ! #aidh CONF]5CE ( ,SOVIET MUSICIANS1 ,&REI ,ZHDANOV .<#a.> REVEAL$ ! /AKE ( !ORETICAL REPRESSION3 0,HAV5'T WE DONE WELL TO PRES]VE ! TREASURES ( CLASSIC PA9T+ & TO SUPPRESS ! LIQUIDATORS ( PA9T+8 ,W\LDN'T ! SURVIVAL ( SU* 'S*OOLS' HAVE AM\NT$ TO ! LIQUIDATION ( PA9T+80 ,FAC$ ) ?IS LIQUIDATION ( PA9T+ & ) MANY O!R LIQUIDATIONS1 & RECOGNIZ+ ! CRUMBL+ ( ALL ITS SY/EMS ( VALUES1 ! ADVANC$ ,WE/]N B\RGEOISIE IS BANK+ ON TOTAL IDEOLOGICAL DECOMPOSITION1 :E!R \T ( DESP]ATE REACTION OR \T ( POLITICAL OPPORTUNISM4 ,9 CONTRA/1 ,ZHDANOV -- ) ! TA/E *>ACT]I/IC ( ! P>V5U -- RECOGNIZES HIMSELF 9 ! PETTY-B\RGEOISIE ?AT OPPOSES ! DECOMPOSITION ( N9ETE5?-C5TURY CULTURAL VALUES1 & CAN SEE NO?+ ELSE TO DO ?AN TO UND]TAKE AN AU?ORIT>IAN RE/ORATION ( ?OSE VALUES4 ,HE IS UNREALI/IC 5\< TO BELIEVE ?AT %ORT-LIV$ LOCAL POLITICAL CIRCUM/ANCES WILL GIVE HIM ! P[] TO EVADE ! G5]AL PROBLEMS ( ?IS ]A1 IF ONLY HE CAN =CE PEOPLE TO RETURN TO ! /UDY ( SUP]S$$ PROBLEMS AFT] HAV+ REPRESS$ ALL ! CONCLUSIONS ?AT HI/ORY HAS PREVI\SLY DRAWN FROM ?OSE PROBLEMS4 

,! =M 7& EV5 SOME ASPECTS ( ! CONT5T7 ( ?IS ,SOCIALI/ ,REALISM IS NOT V]Y DIFF]5T FROM ! TRADITIONAL PROPAG&A ( RELIGI\S ORGANIZATIONS1 P>TICUL>LY ( ,CA?OLICISM4 ,BY MEANS ( AN 9V>IABLE PROPAG&A1 ,CA?OLICISM DEF5DS A UNIT>Y IDEOLOGICAL /RUCTURE ?AT IT ALONE1 AMONG ALL ! =CES ( ! PA/1 /ILL POSSESSES4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME1 9 A P>ALLEL OP]ATION DESIGN$ TO RECAPTURE ! 9CREAS+LY NUM]\S SECTORS ?AT >E ESCAP+ ITS 9FLU5CE1 ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR* IS ATTEMPT+ TO TAKE OV] MOD]N CULTURAL =MS1 P>TICUL>LY ?OSE REPRES5T+ COMPLICAT$ !ORETICAL NULLITY 70SPONTANE\S0 PA9T+1 = EXAMPLE74 ,! ,CA?OLIC REACTION>IES HAVE ! ADVANTAGE OV] O!R B\RGEOIS T5D5CIES ( BE+ ABLE TO RELY ON A P]MAN5T HI]>*Y ( VALUES2 ?IS 9ALT]ABLE F\NDATION 5ABLES !M ALL ! MORE FREELY TO PU% DECOMPOSITION TO ! EXTREME 9 :ATEV] DISCIPL9E !Y 5GAGE 94 

,! CRISIS ( MOD]N CULTURE HAS L$ TO TOTAL IDEOLOGICAL DECOMPOSITION4 ,NO?+ NEW CAN BE BUILT ON !SE RU9S4 ,CRITICAL ?\<T ITSELF BECOMES IMPOSSIBLE AS EA* JUDGM5T CLA%ES ) O!RS & EA* 9DIVIDUAL 9VOKES FRAGM5TS ( \TMOD$ SY/EMS OR FOLL[S M]ELY P]SONAL 9CL9ATIONS4 

,?IS DECOMPOSITION CAN BE SE5 EV]Y:]E4 ,IT IS NO LONG] A MATT] ( NOT+ ! 9CREAS+LY MASSIVE USE ( COMM]CIAL PUBLICITY TO 9FLU5CE JUDGM5TS AB\T CULTURAL CREATION4 ,WE HAVE >RIV$ AT A /AGE ( IDEOLOGICAL ABS5CE 9 :I* ADV]TIS+ HAS BECOME ! ONLY ACTIVE FACTOR1 OV]RID+ ANY PREEXI/+ CRITICAL JUDGM5T OR TRANS=M+ SU* JUDGM5T 9TO A M]E CONDITION$ REFLEX4 ,! COMPLEX OP]ATION ( SALES TE*NIQUES HAS REA*$ ! PO9T ( SURPRIS+ EV5 ! AD PR(ESSIONALS BY AUTOMATICALLY CREAT+ PSEUDOSUBJECTS ( CULTURAL DEBATE4 ,?IS IS ! SOCIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE ( ! ,FRANCOISE ,SAGAN PH5OM5ON .<#b.> 9 ,FRANCE OV] ! LA/ ?REE YE>S1 AN EXP]I5CE :OSE REP]CUSSIONS HAVE EV5 P5ETRAT$ BEYOND ! CULTURAL ZONE C5T]$ ON ,P>IS BY PROVOK+ SOME 9T]E/ 9 ! WORK]S /ATES4 ,! PR(ESSIONAL JUDGES ( CULTURE1 SEE+ SU* A PH5OM5ON AS AN UNPR$ICTABLE EFFECT ( ME*ANISMS ) :I* !Y >E UNFAMILI>1 T5D TO ATTRIBUTE IT TO M]E CRUDE MASS-M$IA PUBLICITY4 ,BUT !IR PR(ESSION NEV]!LESS OBLIGES !M TO COME UP ) BOGUS CRITIQUES ( !SE BOGUS WORKS4 7,MOREOV]1 A WORK :OSE 9T]E/ IS 9EXPLICABLE CON/ITUTES ! RI*E/ SUBJECT = B\RGEOIS CONFUSIONI/ CRITICISM47 ,!Y NATURALLY REMA9 UNAW>E ( ! FACT ?AT ! 9TELLECTUAL ME*ANISMS ( CRITICISM HAD ALREADY ESCAP$ !M LONG BE=E ! EXT]NAL ME*ANISMS >RIV$ TO EXPLOIT ?IS VOID4 ,!Y AVOID FAC+ ! FACT ?AT ,SAGAN IS SIMPLY ! RIDICUL\S FLIP SIDE ( ! *ANGE ( MEANS ( EXPRESSION 9TO MEANS ( ACTION ON EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,?IS PROCESS ( SUP]SESSION HAS CAUS$ ! LIFE ( ! AU?OR TO BECOME 9CREAS+LY MORE IMPORTANT ?AN H] WORK4 ,AS ! P]IOD ( IMPORTANT EXPRESSIONS >RIVES AT ITS ULTIMATE R$UCTION1 NO?+ ( ANY POSSIBLE IMPORTANCE REMA9S EXCEPT ! P]SONALITY ( ! AU?OR1 :O 9 TURN IS NO LONG] CAPABLE ( POSSESS+ ANY NOTABLE QUALITY BEYOND H] AGE1 OR SOME FA%IONABLE VISE1 OR SOME PICTURESQUE OLD CRAFT4 

,! OPPOSITION ?AT MU/ N[ BE UNIT$ AGA9/ ?IS IDEOLOGICAL DECOMPOSITION MU/ NOT GET CAU<T UP 9 CRITICIZ+ ! BUFFOON]IES APPE>+ 9 \TMOD$ =MS SU* AS POEMS OR NOVELS4 ,WE HAVE TO CRITICIZE ACTIVITIES ?AT >E IMPORTANT = ! FUTURE1 ACTIVITIES ?AT WE NE$ TO MAKE USE (4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ S]I\S SIGNS ( ! PRES5T IDEOLOGICAL DECOMPOSITION IS ! FACT ?AT ! FUNCTIONALI/ !ORY ( >*ITECTURE IS N[ BAS$ ON ! MO/ REACTION>Y CONCEPTIONS ( SOCIETY & MORALITY4 ,?AT IS1 ! TEMPOR>ILY & P>TIALLY VALID CONTRIBUTIONS ( ! ORIG9AL ,BAUHAUS OR ( ! S*OOL ( ,LE ,CORBUSI] HAVE BE5 DI/ORT$ SO AS TO RE9=CE AN EXCESSIVELY BACKW>D NOTION ( LIFE & ( ! FRAMEWORK ( LIFE4 

,EV]Y?+ 9DICATES1 H[EV]1 ?AT S9CE #aief WE HAVE BE5 5T]+ A NEW PHASE ( ! /RUGGLE1 & ?AT AN UPHEAVAL ( REVOLUTION>Y =CES1 ATTACK+ ! MO/ APPALL+ OB/ACLES ON ALL FRONTS1 IS BEG9N+ TO *ANGE ! CONDITIONS ( ! PREC$+ P]IOD4 ,SOCIALI/ ,REALISM IS BEG9N+ TO DECL9E 9 ! C\NTRIES ( ! ANTICAPITALI/ CAMP1 ALONG ) ! REACTION>Y ,/AL9ISM ?AT PRODUC$ IT1 :ILE 9 ! ,WE/ ! ,SAGAN CULTURE IS M>K+ A DEP? ( B\RGEOIS DECAD5CE BEYOND :I* IT IS PROBABLY IMPOSSIBLE TO GO1 & !RE SEEMS TO BE AN 9CREAS+ AW>5ESS ( ! EXHAU/ION ( ! CULTURAL EXP$I5TS ?AT HAVE S]V$ S9CE ! 5D ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I4 ,9 ?IS CONTEXT1 ! AVANT-G>DE M9ORITY MAY BE ABLE TO R$ISCOV] A POSITIVE VALUE4 

  

,! ,ROLE ( ,M9ORITY ,T5D5CIES 9 ! ,EBB+ ,P]IOD 

,! EBB+ ( ! 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 :I* BECAME APP>5T )9 A FEW YE>S AFT] #aib & 9CREAS+LY OBVI\S OV] ! NEXT ?REE DECADES1 WAS FOLL[$1 ) A TIME-LAG ( FIVE OR SIX YE>S1 BY AN EBB+ ( ! MOVEM5TS ?AT HAD TRI$ TO PROMOTE LIB]ATORY 9NOVATIONS 9 CULTURE & EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,! IDEOLOGICAL & MAT]IAL IMPORTANCE ( SU* MOVEM5TS HAS CONT9UALLY DIM9I%$1 TO ! PO9T ?AT !Y HAVE BECOME TOTALLY ISOLAT$4 ,!IR ACTION1 :I* UND] MORE FAVORABLE CONDITIONS WAS ABLE TO LEAD TO A SUDD5 R5EWAL ( ! CLIMATE ( FEEL+1 HAS WEAK5$ TO ! PO9T ?AT CONS]VATIVE T5D5CIES HAVE BE5 ABLE TO EXCLUDE !M FROM ANY DIRECT P5ETRATION 9TO ! RIGG$ >5A ( (FICIAL CULTURE4 ,ONCE !SE MOVEM5TS HAVE BE5 DEPRIV$ ( !IR ROLE 9 ! PRODUCTION ( NEW VALUES1 !Y 5D UP S]V+ AS A RES]VE POOL ( 9TELLECTUAL LABOR FROM :I* ! B\RGEOISIE CAN DRAW 9DIVIDUALS CAPABLE ( ADD+ 9NOVATIVE NUANCES TO ITS PROPAG&A4 

,AT ?IS PO9T ( DISSOLUTION1 ! SOCIAL IMPORTANCE ( ! EXP]IM5TAL AVANT-G>DE IS APP>5TLY LESS ?AN ?AT ( ! PSEUDOMOD]NI/ T5D5CIES :I* DON'T EV5 BO!R TO PRET5D TO SEEK *ANGE1 BUT :I* REPRES5T ! MOD]N1 M$IA-RE9=C$ FACE ( ACCEPT$ CULTURE4 ,BUT ?OSE :O HAVE A ROLE 9 ! ACTUAL PRODUCTION ( MOD]N CULTURE1 & :O >E DISCOV]+ !IR 9T]E/S AS PRODUC]S ( ?IS CULTURE 7ALL ! MORE ACUTELY AS !Y >E R$UC$ TO A PURELY NEGATIVE POSITION71 >E DEVELOP+ A CONSCI\SNESS ?AT IS 9EVITABLY LACK+ AMONG ! MOD]NI/ REPRES5TATIVES ( ! DECL9+ SOCIETY4 ,! POV]TY ( ! ACCEPT$ CULTURE & ITS MONOPOLY ON ! MEANS ( CULTURAL PRODUCTION LEAD TO A CORRESPOND+ IMPOV]I%M5T ( ! !ORY & MANIFE/ATIONS ( ! AVANT-G>DE4 ,BUT IT IS ONLY )9 ?IS AVANT-G>DE ?AT A NEW REVOLUTION>Y CONCEPTION ( CULTURE IS IMP]CEPTIBLY TAK+ %APE4 ,N[ ?AT ! DOM9ANT CULTURE & ! BEG9N+S ( OPPOSITIONAL CULTURE >E >RIV+ AT ! EXTREME PO9T ( !IR SEP>ATION & IMPOT5CE1 ?IS NEW CONCEPTION %\LD ASS]T ITSELF4 

,! HI/ORY ( MOD]N CULTURE DUR+ ! P]IOD ( REVOLUTION>Y EBB+ IS ?US ALSO ! HI/ORY ( ! !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL DEFEAT ( ! MOVEM5T ( R5EWAL1 TO ! PO9T ?AT ! M9ORITY T5D5CIES BECAME COMPLETELY ISOLAT$ & DECOMPOSITION REIGN$ EV]Y:]E4 

,BETWE5 #aic & ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I SURREALISM CONT9UALLY DECL9$ AS A REVOLUTION>Y =CE AT ! SAME TIME ?AT ITS 9FLU5CE WAS BE+ EXT5D$ BEYOND ITS CONTROL4 ,! PO/W> P]IOD L$ TO ! RAPID DE/RUCTION ( SURREALISM BY ! TWO FACTORS ?AT HAD ALREADY BLOCK$ ITS DEVELOPM5T >\ND #a#i#c3 ! LACK ( POSSIBILITIES = !ORETICAL R5EWAL & ! EBB+ ( REVOLUTION1 DEVELOPM5TS :I* W]E REFLECT$ 9 ! POLITICAL & CULTURAL REACTION )9 ! WORK]S MOVEM5T4 ,! LATT] FACTOR IS DIRECTLY DET]M9ANT1 = EXAMPLE1 9 ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! SURREALI/ GR\P ( ,RUMANIA4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT IS ABOVE ALL ! FIR/ ( !SE FACTORS ?AT CONDEMN$ ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SURREALISM MOVEM5T 9 ,FRANCE & ,BELGIUM TO A RAPID COLLAPSE4 ,EXCEPT 9 ,BELGIUM1 :]E A FRACTION ISSU+ FROM SURREALISM HAS MA9TA9$ A VALID EXP]IM5TAL POSITION .<! ,LEVRES ,NUES GR\P.>1 ALL ! SURREALI/ T5D5CIES SCATT]$ >\ND ! WORLD HAVE JO9$ ! CAMP ( MY/ICAL IDEALISM4 

,SOME ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SURREALI/S W]E AMONG ?OSE :O =M$ ! 0,EXP]IM5TAL ,>TI/S' ,9T]NATIONAL0 7#a#i#d#i-#a#i#e#a71 :I* 9CLUD$ P>TICIPANTS FROM ,D5M>K1 ,BELGIUM1 ,HOLL&1 & EV5TUALLY ALSO ,G]MANY1 & :I* PUBLI%$ ! J\RNAL ,COBRA 7,COP5HAG5-,BRUSSELS-,AM/]DAM74 .<#c.> ,! M]IT ( !SE GR\PS WAS TO HAVE UND]/OOD ?AT SU* AN ORGANIZATION IS NECESSITAT$ BY ! COMPLEXITY & EXT5T ( PRES5T-DAY PROBLEMS4 ,BUT !IR LACK ( IDEOLOGICAL RIGOR1 ! LIMITATION ( !IR PURSUITS TO MA9LY PLA/IC EXP]IM5TATION1 & ABOVE ALL ! ABS5CE ( A COMPREH5SIVE !ORY ( ! CONDITIONS & P]SPECTIVES ( !IR EXP]I5CE L$ TO !IR BREAKUP4 

,LETTRISM1 9 ,FRANCE1 HAD />T$ (F BY TOTALLY OPPOS+ ! 5TIRE KN[N ES!TIC MOVEM5T1 :OSE CONT9UAL DECAY+ IT CORRECTLY ANALYZ$4 ,/RIV+ = ! UN9T]RUPT$ CREATION ( NEW =MS 9 ALL DOMA9S1 ! ,LETTRI/ GR\P C>RI$ ON A SALUT>Y AGITATION BETWE5 #aidf & #a#i#e#b4 ,BUT ! GR\P G5]ALLY TOOK IT = GRANT$ ?AT ES!TIC DISCIPL9ES %\LD TAKE A NEW DEP>TURE )9 A G5]AL FRAMEWORK SIMIL> TO ! =M] ONE1 & ?IS IDEALI/ ]ROR LIMIT$ ITS PRODUCTIONS TO A FEW PALTRY EXP]IM5TS4 ,9 #aieb ! ,LETTRI/ LEFT W+ ORGANIZ$ ITSELF 9TO A 0,LETTRI/ ,9T]NATIONAL0 & EXPELL$ ! BACKW>D FRACTION4 .<#d.> ,9 ! ,LETTRI/ ,9T]NATIONAL ! QUE/ = NEW ME?ODS ( 9T]V5TION 9 EV]YDAY LIFE WAS PURSU$ AMID %>P /RUGGLES AMONG DIFF]5T T5D5CIES4 

,9 ,ITALY -- ) ! EXCEPTION ( ! ANTIFUNCTIONALI/ EXP]IM5TAL GR\P ?AT 9 #aiee =M$ ! MO/ SOLID SECTION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,MOVEM5T = AN ,IMAG9I/ ,BAUHAUS -- ! EF=TS T[>D AVANT-G>DE =MATIONS HAVE REMA9$ ATTA*$ TO ! OLD >TI/IC P]SPECTIVES & HAVE NOT EV5 SUCCE$$ 9 EXPRESS+ !MSELVES !ORETICALLY4 

,DUR+ ! SAME P]IOD ! MO/ 9NOCU\S & MASSIFI$ ASPECTS ( ,WE/]N CULTURE HAVE BE5 MASSIVELY IMITAT$ ALL OV] ! WORLD1 FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO ,JAPAN4 7,! ,U,S AVANT-G>DE1 :I* T5DS TO CONGREGATE 9 ! ,AM]ICAN COLONY 9 ,P>IS1 LIVES !RE 9 ! MO/ TAME1 9SIPIDLY CON=MI/ MANN]1 ISOLAT$ IDEOLOGICALLY1 SOCIALLY & EV5 ECOLOGICALLY FROM EV]Y?+ ELSE GO+ ON47 ,AS = ! PRODUCTIONS ( PEOPLES :O >E /ILL SUBJECT TO CULTURAL COLONIALISM 7(T5 CAUS$ BY POLITICAL OPPRESSION71 EV5 ?\< !Y MAY BE PROGRESSIVE 9 !IR [N C\NTRIES1 !Y PLAY A REACTION>Y ROLE 9 ! ADVANC$ CULTURAL C5T]S4 ,CRITICS :O HAVE BAS$ !IR 5TIRE C>E] ON \TDAT$ SY/EMS ( CREATION PRET5D TO DISCOV] 5GAG+ NEW DEVELOPM5TS 9 ,GREEK FILMS OR ,GUATEMALAN NOVELS -- AN EXOTICISM ( ! ANTIEXOTIC1 ! REVIVAL ( OLD =MS LONG S9CE EXPLOIT$ & EXHAU/$ 9 O!R C\NTRIES2 AN EXOTICISM :I* DOES1 H[EV]1 S]VE ! PRIM>Y PURPOSE ( EXOTICISM3 ESCAPE FROM ! REAL CONDITIONS ( LIFE & CREATION4 

,9 ! WORK]S /ATES ONLY ! EXP]IM5TATION C>RI$ \T BY ,BRE*T 9 ,B]L91 9S(> AS IT PUTS 9TO QUE/ION ! CLASSIC SPECTACLE NOTION1 IS CLOSE TO ! CON/RUCTIONS ?AT MATT] = US TODAY4 ,ONLY ,BRE*T HAS SUCCE$$ 9 RESI/+ ! /UPIDITY ( ,SOCIALI/ ,REALISM 9 P[]4 

,N[ ?AT ,SOCIALI/ ,REALISM IS FALL+ AP>T1 WE CAN EXPECT MU* FROM A REVOLUTION>Y CONFRONTATION ( ! 9TELLECTUALS 9 ! WORK]S /ATES ) ! REAL PROBLEMS ( MOD]N CULTURE4 ,IF ,ZHDANOVISM HAS BE5 ! PURE/ EXPRESSION NOT ONLY ( ! CULTURAL DEG5]ATION ( ! WORK]S MOVEM5T BUT ALSO ( ! CONS]VATIVE CULTURAL POSITION 9 ! B\RGEOIS WORLD1 ?OSE 9 ! ,EA/]N ,BLOC :O >E PRES5TLY REVOLT+ AGA9/ ,ZHDANOVISM CANNOT DO SO -- :ATEV] !IR SUBJECTIVE 9T5TIONS -- M]ELY 9 ! NAME ( A GREAT] CREATIVE FRE$OM A LA ,COCTEAU1 = EXAMPLE4 ,A NEGATION ( ,ZHDANOVISM OBJECTIVELY MEANS ! NEGATION ( ! ,ZHDANOVI/ NEGATION ( 0LIQUIDATION40 ,ZHDANOVISM CAN BE SUP]S$$ ONLY ?R\< ! REAL EX]CISE ( FRE$OM1 :I* IS CONSCI\SNESS ( PRES5T NECESSITY4 

,H]E1 TOO1 ! REC5T YE>S HAVE AT MO/ BE5 A P]IOD ( CONFUS$ RESI/ANCE TO ! CONFUS$ REIGN ( REACTION>Y IMBECILITY4 ,!RE W]5'T MANY ( US REALLY WORK+ AGA9/ IT4 ,BUT WE %\LD NOT L+] OV] ! TA/ES OR TRIVIAL F9D+S ( ?IS P]IOD4 ,! PROBLEMS ( CULTURAL CREATION CAN BE RESOLV$ ONLY 9 RELATION ) A NEW ADVANCE ( WORLD REVOLUTION4 

  

,PLAT=M = A ,PROVISIONAL ,OPPOSITION 

,A REVOLUTION>Y ACTION )9 CULTURE MU/ AIM TO 5L>GE LIFE1 NOT M]ELY TO EXPRESS OR EXPLA9 IT4 ,IT MU/ ATTACK MIS]Y ON EV]Y FRONT4 ,REVOLUTION IS NOT LIMIT$ TO DET]M9+ ! LEVEL ( 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION1 OR EV5 TO DET]M9+ :O IS TO BE ! MA/] ( SU* PRODUCTION4 ,IT MU/ ABOLI% NOT ONLY ! EXPLOITATION ( HUMANITY1 BUT ALSO ! PASSIONS1 COMP5SATIONS & HABITS :I* ?AT EXPLOITATION HAS 5G5D]$4 ,WE HAVE TO DEF9E NEW DESIRES 9 RELATION TO PRES5T POSSIBILITIES4 ,9 ! ?ICK ( ! BATTLE BETWE5 ! PRES5T SOCIETY & ! =CES ?AT >E GO+ TO DE/ROY IT1 WE HAVE TO F9D ! FIR/ ELEM5TS ( A MORE ADVANC$ CON/RUCTION ( ! 5VIRONM5T & NEW CONDITIONS ( BEHAVIOR -- BO? AS EXP]I5CES 9 !MSELVES & AS MAT]IAL = PROPAG&A4 ,EV]Y?+ ELSE BELONGS TO ! PA/1 & S]VES IT4 

,WE N[ HAVE TO UND]TAKE AN ORGANIZ$ COLLECTIVE WORK AIM$ AT A UNIT>Y USE ( ALL ! MEANS ( REVOLUTIONIZ+ EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,?AT IS1 WE MU/ FIR/ ( ALL RECOGNIZE ! 9T]DEP5D5CE ( !SE MEANS 9 ! P]SPECTIVE ( 9CREAS$ FRE$OM & AN 9CREAS$ CONTROL ( NATURE4 ,WE NE$ TO CON/RUCT NEW AMBIANCES ?AT WILL BE BO? ! PRODUCTS & ! 9/RUM5TS ( NEW =MS ( BEHAVIOR4 ,TO DO ?IS1 WE MU/ FROM ! BEG9N+ MAKE PRACTICAL USE ( ! EV]YDAY PROCESSES & CULTURAL =MS ?AT N[ EXI/1 :ILE REFUS+ TO ACKN[L$GE ANY 9H]5T VALUE !Y MAY CLAIM TO HAVE4 ,! V]Y CRIT]ION ( =MAL 9V5TION OR 9NOVATION HAS LO/ ITS S5SE )9 ! TRADITIONAL FRAMEWORK ( ! >TS -- 9SUFFICI5T1 FRAGM5T>Y =MS :OSE P>TIAL R5OVATIONS >E 9EVITABLY \TDAT$ & !RE=E IMPOSSIBLE4 

,WE %\LD NOT SIMPLY REFUSE MOD]N CULTURE2 WE MU/ SEIZE IT 9 ORD] TO NEGATE IT4 ,NO ONE CAN CLAIM TO BE A REVOLUTION>Y 9TELLECTUAL :O DOES NOT RECOGNIZE ! CULTURAL REVOLUTION WE >E N[ FAC+4 ,AN 9TELLECTUAL CREATOR CANNOT BE REVOLUTION>Y BY M]ELY SUPPORT+ SOME P>TY L9E1 NOT EV5 IF HE DOES SO ) ORIG9AL ME?ODS1 BUT ONLY BY WORK+ ALONGSIDE ! P>TIES T[>D ! NECESS>Y TRANS=MATION ( ALL ! CULTURAL SUP]/RUCTURES4 ,:AT ULTIMATELY DET]M9ES :E!R OR NOT SOMEONE IS A B\RGEOIS 9TELLECTUAL IS NEI!R HIS SOCIAL ORIG9 NOR HIS KN[L$GE ( A CULTURE 7SU* KN[L$GE MAY BE ! BASIS = A CRITIQUE ( ?AT CULTURE OR = SOME CREATIVE WORK )9 IT71 BUT HIS ROLE 9 ! PRODUCTION ( ! HI/ORICALLY B\RGEOIS =MS ( CULTURE4 ,AU?ORS ( REVOLUTION>Y POLITICAL OP9IONS :O F9D !MSELVES PRAIS$ BY B\RGEOIS LIT]>Y CRITICS %\LD ASK !MSELVES :AT !Y'VE DONE WRONG4 

,! UNION ( SEV]AL EXP]IM5TAL T5D5CIES = A REVOLUTION>Y FRONT 9 CULTURE1 BEGUN AT ! CONGRESS HELD AT ,ALBA1 ,ITALY1 AT ! 5D ( #a#i#e#f1 PRESUPPOSES ?AT WE NOT NEGLECT ?REE IMPORTANT FACTORS4 

,FIR/ ( ALL1 WE MU/ 9SI/ ON A COMPLETE ACCORD AMONG ! P]SONS & GR\PS ?AT P>TICIPATE 9 ?IS UNIT$ ACTION2 & ?IS ACCORD MU/ NOT BE FACILITAT$ BY ALL[+ C]TA9 ( ITS CONSEQU5CES TO BE DISSIMULAT$4 ,JOK]S OR C>E]I/S :O >E /UPID 5\< TO ?9K !Y CAN ADVANCE !IR C>E]S 9 ?IS WAY MU/ BE REBUFF$4 

,NEXT1 WE MU/ RECALL ?AT :ILE ANY G5U9ELY EXP]IM5TAL ATTITUDE IS USABLE1 ?AT WORD HAS V]Y (T5 BE5 MISUS$ 9 ! ATTEMPT TO JU/IFY >TI/IC ACTIONS )9 AN ALREADY-EXI/+ /RUCTURE4 ,! ONLY VALID EXP]IM5TAL PROCE$+ IS BAS$ ON ! ACCURATE CRITIQUE ( EXI/+ CONDITIONS & ! DELIB]ATE SUP]SESSION ( !M4 ,IT MU/ BE UND]/OOD ONCE & = ALL ?AT SOME?+ ?AT IS ONLY A P]SONAL EXPRESSION )9 A FRAMEWORK CREAT$ BY O!RS CANNOT BE T]M$ A CREATION4 ,CREATION IS NOT ! >RANGEM5T ( OBJECTS & =MS1 IT IS ! 9V5TION ( NEW LAWS ON SU* >RANGEM5T4 

,F9ALLY1 WE HAVE TO ELIM9ATE ! SECT>IANISM AMONG US ?AT OPPOSES UNITY ( ACTION ) POSSIBLE ALLIES = SPECIFIC GOALS & PREV5TS \R 9FILTRATION ( P>ALLEL ORGANIZATIONS4 .<#e.> ,FROM #aieb TO #aiee ! ,LETTRI/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 AFT] SOME NECESS>Y PURGES1 CONT9UALLY MOV$ T[>D A SORT ( ABSOLUTI/ RIGOR LEAD+ TO AN EQUALLY ABSOLUTE ISOLATION & 9EFFECTUALITY1 & ULTIMATELY TO A C]TA9 IMMOBILITY1 A DEG5]ATION ( ! SPIRIT ( CRITIQUE & DISCOV]Y4 ,WE MU/ DEF9ITIVELY SUP]S$E ?IS SECT>IAN CONDUCT 9 FAVOR ( REAL ACTIONS4 ,?IS %\LD BE ! SOLE CRIT]ION ON :I* WE JO9 ) OR SEP>ATE FROM COMRADES4 ,NATURALLY ?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT WE %\LD R5\NCE BREAKS1 AS EV]YONE URGES US TO DO4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 WE ?9K ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y TO GO /ILL FUR!R 9 BREAK+ ) HABITS & P]SONS4 

,WE %\LD COLLECTIVELY DEF9E \R PROGRAM & REALIZE IT 9 A DISCIPL9$ MANN]1 US+ ANY MEANS1 EV5 >TI/IC ONES4 

  

,T[>D A ,SITUATIONI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 

,\R C5TRAL IDEA IS ! CON/RUCTION ( SITUATIONS1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! CONCRETE CON/RUCTION ( MOM5T>Y AMBIANCES ( LIFE & !IR TRANS=MATION 9TO A SUP]IOR PASSIONAL QUALITY4 ,WE MU/ DEVELOP A SY/EMATIC 9T]V5TION BAS$ ON ! COMPLEX FACTORS ( TWO COMPON5TS 9 P]PETUAL 9T]ACTION3 ! MAT]IAL 5VIRONM5T ( LIFE & ! BEHAVIORS :I* ?AT 5VIRONM5T GIVES RISE TO & :I* RADICALLY TRANS=M IT4 

,\R P]SPECTIVES ( ACTION ON ! 5VIRONM5T ULTIMATELY LEAD US TO ! NOTION ( UNIT>Y URBANISM4 ,UNIT>Y URBANISM IS DEF9$ FIR/ ( ALL AS ! USE ( ALL >TS & TE*NIQUES AS MEANS CONTRIBUT+ TO ! COMPOSITION ( A UNIFI$ MILIEU4 ,SU* AN 9T]RELAT$ 5SEMBLE MU/ BE 5VISAG$ AS 9COMP>ABLY MORE F>-REA*+ ?AN ! OLD DOM9ATION ( >*ITECTURE OV] ! TRADITIONAL >TS1 OR ?AN ! PRES5T SPORADIC APPLICATION TO AN>*IC URBANISM ( SPECIALIZ$ TE*NOLOGY OR ( SCI5TIFIC 9VE/IGATIONS SU* AS ECOLOGY4 ,UNIT>Y URBANISM MU/1 = EXAMPLE1 DET]M9E ! AC\/IC 5VIRONM5T AS WELL AS ! DI/RIBUTION ( DIFF]5T V>IETIES ( FOOD & DR9K4 ,IT MU/ 9CLUDE BO? ! CREATION ( NEW =MS & ! DET\RNEM5T ( PREVI\S =MS ( >*ITECTURE1 URBANISM1 POETRY & C9EMA4 ,9TEGRAL >T1 :I* HAS BE5 TALK$ AB\T SO MU*1 CAN BE REALIZ$ ONLY AT ! LEVEL ( URBANISM4 ,BUT IT CAN NO LONG] CORRESPOND TO ANY ( ! TRADITIONAL ES!TIC CATEGORIES4 ,9 EA* ( ITS EXP]IM5TAL CITIES UNIT>Y URBANISM WILL ACT BY WAY ( A C]TA9 NUMB] ( =CE FIELDS1 :I* WE CAN TEMPOR>ILY DESIGNATE BY ! CLASSIC T]M 0DI/RICT40 ,EA* DI/RICT WILL T5D T[>D A SPECIFIC H>MONY DI/9CT FROM NEI<BOR+ H>MONIES2 OR ELSE WILL PLAY ON A MAXIMUM BREAK+ UP ( 9T]NAL H>MONY4 

,SECONDLY1 UNIT>Y URBANISM IS DYNAMIC1 9 ?AT IT IS DIRECTLY RELAT$ TO /YLES ( BEHAVIOR4 ,! MO/ ELEM5T>Y UNIT ( UNIT>Y URBANISM IS NOT ! H\SE1 BUT ! >*ITECTURAL COMPLEX1 :I* COMB9ES ALL ! FACTORS CONDITION+ AN AMBIANCE1 OR A S]IES ( CLA%+ AMBIANCES1 ON ! SCALE ( ! CON/RUCT$ SITUATION4 ,SPATIAL DEVELOPM5T MU/ TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! EMOTIONAL EFFECTS ?AT ! EXP]IM5TAL CITY IS 9T5D$ TO PRODUCE4 ,ONE ( \R COMRADES HAS ADVANC$ A !ORY ( 0/ATES-(-M9D0 DI/RICTS1 ACCORD+ TO :I* EA* DI/RICT ( A CITY W\LD BE DESIGN$ TO PROVOKE A SPECIFIC BASIC S5TIM5T TO :I* PEOPLE W\LD KN[+LY EXPOSE !MSELVES4 ,IT SEEMS ?AT SU* A PROJECT DRAWS APPROPRIATE CONCLUSIONS FROM ! CURR5T T5D5CY TO DEPRECIATE R&OMLY 5C\NT]$ PRIM>Y S5TIM5TS1 & ?AT ITS REALIZATION C\LD CONTRIBUTE TO ACCEL]AT+ ?AT DEPRECIATION4 ,! COMRADES :O CALL = A NEW1 FREE >*ITECTURE MU/ UND]/& ?AT ?IS NEW >*ITECTURE WILL PRIM>ILY BE BAS$ NOT ON FREE1 POETIC L9ES & =MS -- 9 ! S5SE ?AT TODAY'S 0LYRICAL AB/RACT0 PA9T+ USES ?OSE T]MS -- BUT RA!R ON ! ATMOSPH]IC EFFECTS ( ROOMS1 HALLWAYS1 /REETS -- ATMOSPH]ES L9K$ TO ! ACTIVITIES !Y CONTA94 ,>*ITECTURE MU/ ADVANCE BY TAK+ EMOTIONALLY MOV+ SITUATIONS1 RA!R ?AN EMOTIONALLY MOV+ =MS1 AS ! MAT]IAL IT WORKS )4 ,& ! EXP]IM5TS CONDUCT$ ) ?IS MAT]IAL WILL LEAD TO NEW1 AS YET UNKN[N =MS4 

,PSY*OGEOGRAPHICAL RESE>*1 0! /UDY ( ! EXACT LAWS & SPECIFIC EFFECTS ( GEOGRAPHICAL 5VIRONM5TS1 :E!R CONSCI\SLY ORGANIZ$ OR NOT1 ON ! EMOTIONS & BEHAVIOR ( 9DIVIDUALS10 ?US TAKES ON A D\BLE MEAN+3 ACTIVE OBS]VATION ( PRES5T-DAY URBAN AGGLOM]ATIONS & DEVELOPM5T ( HYPO!SES ON ! /RUCTURE ( A SITUATIONI/ CITY4 ,! PROGRESS ( PSY*OGEOGRAPHY DEP5DS TO A GREAT EXT5T ON ! /ATI/ICAL EXT5SION ( ITS ME?ODS ( OBS]VATION1 BUT ABOVE ALL ON EXP]IM5TATION BY MEANS ( CONCRETE 9T]V5TIONS 9 URBANISM4 ,BE=E ?IS /AGE IS ATTA9$ WE CANNOT BE C]TA9 ( ! OBJECTIVE TRU? ( \R 9ITIAL PSY*OGEOGRAPHICAL F9D+S4 ,BUT EV5 IF ?OSE F9D+S %\LD TURN \T TO BE FALSE1 !Y W\LD /ILL BE FALSE SOLUTIONS TO :AT IS NEV]!LESS A REAL PROBLEM4 

,\R ACTION ON BEHAVIOR1 L9K$ ) O!R DESIRABLE ASPECTS ( A REVOLUTION 9 MORES1 CAN BE BRIEFLY DEF9$ AS ! 9V5TION ( GAMES ( AN ESS5TIALLY NEW TYPE4 ,! MO/ G5]AL GOAL MU/ BE TO EXP& ! NONM$IOCRE P>T ( LIFE1 TO R$UCE ! EMPTY MOM5TS ( LIFE AS MU* AS POSSIBLE4 ,ONE C\LD ?US SPEAK ( \R 5T]PRISE AS A PROJECT ( QUANTITATIVELY 9CREAS+ HUMAN LIFE1 AN 5T]PRISE MORE S]I\S ?AN ! BIOLOGICAL ME?ODS CURR5TLY BE+ 9VE/IGAT$1 & ONE ?AT AUTOMATICALLY IMPLIES A QUALITATIVE 9CREASE :OSE DEVELOPM5TS >E UNPR$ICTABLE4 ,! SITUATIONI/ GAME IS DI/+UI%$ FROM ! CLASSIC NOTION ( GAMES BY ITS RADICAL NEGATION ( ! ELEM5T ( COMPETITION & ( SEP>ATION FROM EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT IS NOT DI/9CT FROM A MORAL *OICE1 S9CE IT IMPLIES TAK+ A /& 9 FAVOR ( :AT WILL BR+ AB\T ! FUTURE REIGN ( FRE$OM & PLAY4 

,?IS P]SPECTIVE IS OBVI\SLY L9K$ TO ! CONT9UAL & RAPID 9CREASE ( LEISURE TIME RESULT+ FROM ! LEVEL ( PRODUCTIVE =CES \R ]A HAS ATTA9$4 ,IT IS ALSO L9K$ TO ! RECOGNITION ( ! FACT ?AT A BATTLE ( LEISURE IS TAK+ PLACE BE=E \R EYES1 A BATTLE :OSE IMPORTANCE 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE HAS NOT BE5 SUFFICI5TLY ANALYZ$4 ,SO F>1 ! RUL+ CLASS HAS SUCCE$$ 9 US+ ! LEISURE ! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT WRE/$ FROM IT BY DEVELOP+ A VA/ 9DU/RIAL SECTOR ( LEISURE ACTIVITIES ?AT IS AN 9COMP>ABLE 9/RUM5T = /UPEFY+ ! PROLET>IAT ) BYPRODUCTS ( MY/IFY+ IDEOLOGY & B\RGEOIS TA/ES4 ,! ABUNDANCE ( TELEVIS$ IMBECILITIES IS PROBABLY ONE ( ! REASONS = ! ,AM]ICAN WORK+ CLASS'S 9ABILITY TO DEVELOP ANY POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS4 ,BY OBTA9+ ?R\< COLLECTIVE PRESSURE A SLI<T RISE 9 ! PRICE ( ITS LABOR ABOVE ! M9IMUM NECESS>Y = ! PRODUCTION ( ?AT LABOR1 ! PROLET>IAT NOT ONLY EXT5DS ITS P[] ( /RUGGLE1 IT ALSO EXT5DS ! T]RA9 ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,NEW =MS ( ?IS /RUGGLE !N >ISE ALONGSIDE DIRECTLY ECONOMIC & POLITICAL CONFLICTS4 ,IT CAN BE SAID ?AT UP TILL N[ REVOLUTION>Y PROPAG&A HAS BE5 CON/ANTLY OV]COME )9 !SE NEW =MS ( /RUGGLE 9 ALL ! C\NTRIES :]E ADVANC$ 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T HAS 9TRODUC$ !M4 ,?AT ! NECESS>Y *ANG+ ( ! 9FRA/RUCTURE CAN BE DELAY$ BY ]RORS & WEAKNESSES AT ! LEVEL ( SUP]/RUCTURES HAS UN=TUNATELY BE5 DEMON/RAT$ BY SEV]AL EXP]I5CES ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO ?R[ NEW =CES 9TO ! BATTLE ( LEISURE4 ,WE WILL TAKE \R POSITION !RE4 

,A R\< EXP]IM5TATION T[>D A NEW MODE ( BEHAVIOR HAS ALREADY BE5 MADE ) :AT WE HAVE T]M$ ! D]IVE3 ! PRACTICE ( A PASSIONAL J\RNEY \T ( ! ORD9>Y ?R\< A RAPID *ANG+ ( AMBIANCES1 AS WELL AS A MEANS ( PSY*OGEOGRAPHICAL /UDY & ( SITUATIONI/ PSY*OLOGY4 ,BUT ! APPLICATION ( ?IS /RIV+ = PLAYFUL CREATIVITY MU/ BE EXT5D$ TO ALL KN[N =MS ( HUMAN RELATION%IPS1 SO AS TO 9FLU5CE1 = EXAMPLE1 ! HI/ORICAL EVOLUTION ( S5TIM5TS LIKE FRI5D%IP & LOVE4 ,EV]Y?+ LEADS US TO BELIEVE ?AT ! ESS5TIAL ELEM5TS ( \R RESE>* LIE 9 \R HYPO!SIS ( ! CON/RUCTION ( SITUATIONS4 

,A P]SON'S LIFE IS A SUCCESSION ( =TUIT\S SITUATIONS1 & EV5 IF NONE ( !M IS EXACTLY ! SAME AS ANO!R ! IMM5SE MAJORITY ( !M >E SO UNDIFF]5TIAT$ & SO DULL ?AT !Y GIVE A DEF9ITE IMPRESSION ( SAM5ESS4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! R>E 9T5SELY 5GAG+ SITUATIONS F\ND 9 LIFE ONLY S]VE TO /RICTLY CONF9E & LIMIT ?AT LIFE4 ,WE MU/ TRY TO CON/RUCT SITUATIONS1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 COLLECTIVE AMBIANCES1 5SEMBLES ( IMPRESSIONS DET]M9+ ! QUALITY ( A MOM5T4 ,IF WE TAKE ! SIMPLE EXAMPLE ( A GA!R+ ( A GR\P ( 9DIVIDUALS = A GIV5 TIME1 IT W\LD BE DESIRABLE1 :ILE TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ! KN[L$GE & MAT]IAL MEANS WE HAVE AT \R DISPOSAL1 TO /UDY :AT ORGANIZATION ( ! PLACE1 :AT SELECTION ( P>TICIPANTS & :AT PROVOCATION ( EV5TS >E SUITABLE = PRODUC+ ! DESIR$ AMBIANCE4 ,! P[]S ( A SITUATION WILL C]TA9LY EXP& CONSID]ABLY 9 BO? TIME & SPACE ) ! REALIZATIONS ( UNIT>Y URBANISM OR ! $UCATION ( A SITUATIONI/ G5]ATION4 

,! CON/RUCTION ( SITUATIONS BEG9S BEYOND ! RU9S ( ! MOD]N SPECTACLE4 ,IT IS EASY TO SEE H[ MU* ! V]Y PR9CIPLE ( ! SPECTACLE -- NON9T]V5TION -- IS L9K$ TO ! ALI5ATION ( ! OLD WORLD4 ,CONV]SELY1 ! MO/ P]T95T REVOLUTION>Y EXP]IM5TS 9 CULTURE HAVE S\<T TO BREAK ! SPECTATORS' PSY*OLOGICAL ID5TIFICATION ) ! H]O SO AS TO DRAW !M 9TO ACTIVITY BY PROVOK+ !IR CAPACITIES TO REVOLUTIONIZE !IR [N LIVES4 ,! SITUATION IS ?US DESIGN$ TO BE LIV$ BY ITS CON/RUCTORS4 ,! ROLE PLAY$ BY A PASSIVE OR M]ELY BIT-P>T PLAY+ 0PUBLIC0 MU/ CON/ANTLY DIM9I%1 :ILE ?AT PLAY$ BY ?OSE :O CANNOT BE CALL$ ACTORS1 BUT RA!R1 9 A NEW S5SE ( ! T]M1 0LIV]S10 MU/ /EADILY 9CREASE4 

,WE HAVE TO MULTIPLY POETIC SUBJECTS & OBJECTS -- :I* >E N[ UN=TUNATELY SO R>E ?AT ! SLI<TE/ ONES TAKE ON AN EXAGG]AT$ EMOTIONAL IMPORTANCE -- & WE HAVE TO ORGANIZE GAMES = !SE POETIC SUBJECTS TO PLAY ) !SE POETIC OBJECTS4 ,?IS IS \R 5TIRE PROGRAM1 :I* IS ESS5TIALLY TRANSITORY4 ,\R SITUATIONS WILL BE EPHEM]AL1 )\T A FUTURE4 ,PASSAGEWAYS4 ,\R ONLY CONC]N IS REAL LIFE2 WE C>E NO?+ AB\T ! P]MAN5CE ( >T OR ( ANY?+ ELSE4 ,ET]NITY IS ! GROSSE/ IDEA A P]SON CAN CONCEIVE ( 9 CONNECTION ) HIS ACTS4 

,SITUATIONI/ TE*NIQUES HAVE YET TO BE 9V5T$4 ,BUT WE KN[ ?AT A TASK PRES5TS ITSELF ONLY :5 ! MAT]IAL CONDITIONS NECESS>Y TO ITS REALIZATION ALREADY EXI/1 OR AT LEA/ >E 9 ! PROCESS ( =MATION4 ,WE HAVE TO BEG9 ) A PHASE ( SMALL-SCALE EXP]IM5TATION4 ,IT WILL PROBABLY BE NECESS>Y TO PREP>E PLANS OR SC5>IOS = ! CREATION ( SITUATIONS1 DESPITE !IR 9EVITABLE 9ADEQUACY AT ! BEG9N+4 ,TO ?IS 5D WE MU/ DEVELOP A SY/EM ( NOTATIONS1 :I* WILL BECOME MORE PRECISE AS WE LE>N MORE FROM ! EXP]I5CES ( CON/RUCTION4 ,WE WILL ALSO NE$ TO DISCOV] OR V]IFY C]TA9 LAWS1 SU* AS ?AT ACCORD+ TO :I* SITUATIONI/ EMOTIONS DEP5D ON EXTREME CONC5TRATION OR EXTREME DISP]SAL ( ACTIONS 7CLASSICAL TRAG$Y GIV+ A R\< IDEA ( ! =M]1 D]IVES ( ! LATT]74 ,9 ADDITION TO ! DIRECT MEANS ?AT WILL BE US$ = SPECIFIC 5DS1 ! POSITIVE PHASE ( ! CON/RUCTION ( SITUATIONS WILL REQUIRE A NEW APPLICATION ( REPRODUCTIVE TE*NOLOGIES4 ,ONE CAN 5VISAGE1 = EXAMPLE1 TELEVIS$ IMAGES ( C]TA9 ASPECTS ( ONE SITUATION BE+ COMMUNICAT$ LIVE TO PEOPLE TAK+ P>T 9 ANO!R SITUATION SOME:]E ELSE1 !REBY PRODUC+ V>I\S MODIFICATIONS & 9T]F]5CES BETWE5 ! TWO4 ,MORE SIMPLY1 A NEW /YLE ( DOCUM5T>Y FILM C\LD BE DEVOT$ TO 0CURR5T EV5TS0 ?AT REALLY >E CURR5T & EV5TFUL BY PRES]V+ 79 SITUATIONI/ >*IVES7 ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT MOM5TS ( A SITUATION BE=E ! EVOLUTION ( ITS ELEM5TS HAS L$ TO A DIFF]5T SITUATION4 ,S9CE ! SY/EMATIC CON/RUCTION ( SITUATIONS WILL GIVE RISE TO PREVI\SLY UNKN[N S5TIM5TS1 FILM WILL F9D ITS GREATE/ $UCATIONAL ROLE 9 ! DISSEM9ATION ( !SE NEW PASSIONS4 

,SITUATIONI/ !ORY RESOLUTELY SUPPORTS A NONCONT9U\S CONCEPTION ( LIFE4 ,! NOTION ( UNITY MU/ CEASE TO BE SE5 AS APPLY+ TO ! :OLE ( ONE'S LIFE 7:]E IT S]VES AS A REACTION>Y MY/IFICATION BAS$ ON ! BELIEF 9 AN IMMORTAL S\L &1 9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS1 ON ! DIVISION ( LABOR72 9/EAD1 IT %\LD APPLY TO ! CON/RUCTION ( EA* P>TICUL> MOM5T ( LIFE ?R\< ! UNIT>Y USE ( SITUATIONI/ ME?ODS4 ,9 A CLASSLESS SOCIETY !RE WILL NO LONG] BE 0PA9T]S10 BUT ONLY SITUATIONI/S :O1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 SOMETIMES PA9T4 

,! MA9 EMOTIONAL DRAMA ( LIFE1 ASIDE FROM ! P]PETUAL CONFLICT BETWE5 DESIRE & REALITY HO/ILE TO DESIRE1 SEEMS TO BE ! S5SATION ( ! PASSAGE ( TIME4 ,9 CONTRA/ TO ! ES!TIC MODES ?AT /RIVE TO FIX & ET]NALIZE SOME EMOTION1 ! SITUATIONI/ ATTITUDE CONSI/S 9 GO+ ) ! FL[ ( TIME4 ,9 SO DO+1 9 PU%+ EV] FUR!R ! GAME ( CREAT+ NEW1 EMOTIONALLY PROVOCATIVE SITUATIONS1 ! SITUATIONI/S >E GAMBL+ ?AT *ANGE WILL USUALLY BE = ! BETT]4 ,9 ! %ORT T]M ! ODDS >E OBVI\SLY AGA9/ ?AT BET4 ,BUT EV5 IF WE HAVE TO LOSE IT A ?\S& TIMES1 WE SEE NO O!R *OICE = A PROGRESSIVE ATTITUDE4 

,! SITUATIONI/ M9ORITY FIR/ EM]G$ AS A T5D5CY 9 ! ,LETTRI/ LEFT W+1 !N 9 ! ,LETTRI/ ,9T]NATIONAL :I* IT 5D$ UP CONTROLL+4 ,! SAME OBJECTIVE MOVEM5T HAS L$ SEV]AL REC5T AVANT-G>DE GR\PS TO SIMIL> CONCLUSIONS4 ,TOGE!R WE MU/ ELIM9ATE ALL ! RELICS ( ! REC5T PA/4 ,WE N[ BELIEVE ?AT AN ACCORD = A UNIT$ ACTION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y AVANT-G>DE 9 CULTURE MU/ BE C>RI$ \T ON ! BASIS ( SU* A PROGRAM4 ,WE HAVE NEI!R GU>ANTE$ RECIPES NOR DEF9ITIVE RESULTS4 ,WE ONLY PROPOSE AN EXP]IM5TAL RESE>* TO BE COLLECTIVELY L$ 9 A FEW DIRECTIONS ?AT WE >E PRES5TLY DEF9+ & T[>D O!RS ?AT HAVE YET TO BE DEF9$4 ,! V]Y DIFFICULTY ( SUCCE$+ 9 ! FIR/ SITUATIONI/ PROJECTS IS A PRO( ( ! NEWNESS ( ! DOMA9 WE >E P5ETRAT+4 ,SOME?+ ?AT *ANGES \R WAY ( SEE+ ! /REETS IS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN SOME?+ ?AT *ANGES \R WAY ( SEE+ PA9T+S4 ,\R WORK+ HYPO!SES WILL BE REEXAM9$ AT EA* FUTURE UPHEAVAL1 :]EV] IT COMES FROM4 

,V>I\S PEOPLE 7P>TICUL>LY AMONG ! REVOLUTION>Y >TI/S & 9TELLECTUALS :O HAVE RESIGN$ !MSELVES TO A C]TA9 IMPOT5CE7 WILL RESPOND ?AT ?IS 0SITUATIONISM0 SEEMS RA!R DISAGREEABLE2 ?AT WE HAVE NOT CREAT$ ANY BEAUTIFUL WORKS2 ?AT WE W\LD DO BETT] TO TALK AB\T ,&RE ,GIDE2 & ?AT NO ONE WILL SEE ANY CLE> REASONS TO BE 9T]E/$ 9 US4 ,!Y WILL EVADE FAC+ ! ISSUES WE HAVE RAIS$ BY REPROA*+ US = US+ SC&AL\S TACTICS 9 ORD] TO CALL ATT5TION TO \RSELVES1 & WILL EXPRESS !IR 9DIGNATION AT ! PROC$URES WE HAVE SOMETIMES FELT OBLIG$ TO ADOPT 9 ORD] TO DISSOCIATE \RSELVES FROM C]TA9 PEOPLE4 ,WE ANSW]3 ,IT'S NOT A MATT] ( KN[+ :E!R ?IS 9T]E/S Y\1 BUT :E!R Y\ Y\RSELVES >E CAPABLE ( DO+ ANY?+ 9T]E/+ 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! NEW CONDITIONS ( CULTURAL CREATION4 ,Y\R ROLE1 REVOLUTION>Y >TI/S & 9TELLECTUALS1 IS NOT TO COMPLA9 ?AT FRE$OM IS 9SULT$ :5 WE REFUSE TO M>* ALONGSIDE ! 5EMIES ( FRE$OM4 ,Y\R ROLE IS NOT TO IMITATE ! B\RGEOIS ES!TES :O TRY TO RE/RICT PEOPLE TO :AT HAS ALREADY BE5 DONE BECAUSE :AT HAS ALREADY BE5 DONE DOESN'T BO!R !M4 ,Y\ KN[ ?AT CREATION IS NEV] PURE4 ,Y\R ROLE IS TO F9D \T :AT ! 9T]NATIONAL AVANT-G>DE IS DO+1 TO TAKE P>T 9 ! CRITICAL DEVELOPM5T ( ITS PROGRAM1 & TO CALL = ITS SUPPORT4 

,\R ,IMM$IATE ,TASKS 

,WE MU/ CALL ATT5TION1 AMONG ! WORK]S P>TIES OR ! EXTREMI/ T5D5CIES )9 ?OSE P>TIES1 TO ! NE$ TO UND]TAKE AN EFFECTIVE IDEOLOGICAL ACTION 9 ORD] TO COMBAT ! EMOTIONAL 9FLU5CE ( ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ ME?ODS ( PROPAG&A4 ,ON EV]Y OCCASION1 BY EV]Y HYP]-POLITICAL MEANS1 WE MU/ PUBLICIZE DESIRABLE ALT]NATIVES TO ! SPECTACLE ( ! CAPITALI/ WAY ( LIFE1 SO AS TO DE/ROY ! B\RGEOIS IDEA ( HAPP9ESS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ! EXI/5CE1 )9 ! V>I\S RUL+ CLASSES1 ( ELEM5TS ?AT HAVE ALWAYS T5D$ 7\T ( BOR$OM & ?IR/ = NOVELTY7 T[>D ?+S ?AT LEAD TO ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( !IR SOCIETIES1 WE %\LD 9CITE ! P]SONS :O CONTROL SOME ( ! VA/ RES\RCES ?AT WE LACK TO PROVIDE US ) ! MEANS TO C>RY \T \R EXP]IM5TS1 \T ( ! SAME MOTIVES ( POT5TIAL PR(IT AS !Y DO ) SCI5TIFIC RESE>*4 

,WE MU/ EV]Y:]E PRES5T A REVOLUTION>Y ALT]NATIVE TO ! RUL+ CULTURE2 COORD9ATE ALL ! RESE>*ES :I* >E CURR5TLY TAK+ PLACE BUT :I* LACK A COMPREH5SIVE P]SPECTIVE2 & 9CITE1 ?R\< CRITIQUES & PROPAG&A1 ! MO/ ADVANC$ >TI/S & 9TELLECTUALS ( ALL C\NTRIES TO CONTACT US 9 VIEW ( A COLLECTIVE ACTION4 

,WE %\LD DECL>E \RSELVES READY TO R5EW DISCUSSION1 ON ! BASIS ( ?IS PROGRAM1 ) ?OSE :O1 HAV+ TAK5 P>T 9 AN E>LI] PHASE ( \R ACTION1 >E /ILL CAPABLE ( REJO9+ ) US4 

,WE MU/ PUT =W>D ! SLOGANS ( UNIT>Y URBANISM1 EXP]IM5TAL BEHAVIOR1 HYP]-POLITICAL PROPAG&A1 & ! CON/RUCTION ( AMBIANCES4 ,! PASSIONS HAVE BE5 SUFFICI5TLY 9T]PRET$2 ! PO9T N[ IS TO DISCOV] NEW ONES4 

  

,TRANSLATOR'S ,NOTES 

.<#a.> ,&REI ,ZHDANOV3 ONE ( ,/AL9'S MO/ P[]FUL (FICIALS1 RESPONSIBLE = PURG+ ! >TS & IMPOS+ ! DOCTR9E ( 0,SOCIALI/ ,REALISM40 

.<#b.> 0,FRANCOISE ,SAGAN PH5ONOMON03 ! WAY ?AT ?IS TE5AGE WRIT] BECAME A SUP]CELEBRITY1 EV]Y DETAIL ( H] LIFE BE+ CONSID]$ NEWSWOR?Y DESPITE ! RELATIVELY M$IOCRE QUALITY ( H] WORK4 ,SPECTACUL>IZATION ( VACU\S & TAL5TLESS P]SONALITIES IS ( C\RSE COMMONPLACE N[1 BUT 9 ! #a#i#eS IT WAS SE5 AS A/ONI%+ & ! CONV5TIONAL CULTURE CRITICS W]E AT A LOSS AS TO H[ TO ACC\NT = IT4 

.<#c.> ,COBRA P>TICIPANTS 9CLUD$ FUTURE ,S,I MEMB]S ,CON/ANT & ,ASG] ,JORN4 

.<#d.> ,! F9AL BREAK WAS PROVOK$ :5 ! RADICAL T5D5CY 79CLUD+ ,DEBORD & ,WOLMAN7 DISRUPT$ A ,*>LIE ,*APL9 PRESS CONF]5CE 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#e#b4 ,! ES!TE LETTRI/S1 9CLUD+ ! F\ND] ( LETTRISM1 ,ISIDORE ,IS\1 DISAV[$ ?IS ACTION4 ,! DISRUPT]S RESPOND$ ) AN OP5 LETT]3 0,WE BELIEVE ?AT ! MO/ IMP]ATIVE EXPRESSION ( FRE$OM IS ! DE/RUCTION ( IDOLS1 ESPECIALLY :5 ?OSE IDOLS PRES5T !MSELVES 9 ! NAME ( FRE$OM4 ,! PROVOCATIVE TONE ( \R LEAFLET WAS AN ATTACK AGA9/ A UNANIM\S S]VILE ADORATION4 ,! DISAV[AL BY C]TA9 LETTRI/S1 9CLUD+ ,IS\ HIMSELF1 ONLY REVEALS ! CON/ANTLY RE5G5D]$ COMMUNICATION GAP BETWE5 EXTREMI/S & EX-EXTREMI/S40 ,LETTRI/ ,9T]NATIONAL P>TICIPANTS 9CLUD$ ,H5RY DE ,BE>N1 ,S]GE ,B]NA1 ,MI*ELE ,B]N/E91 ,JEAN-,L\IS ,BRAU1 ,IVAN ,*T*EGLOV1 ,MOHAM$ ,DAH\1 ,GUY ,DEBORD1 ,ABDELHAFID ,KHATIB1 ,JEAN-,MI*EL ,M5SION1 ,PATRICK ,/R>AM1 ,ALEX&] ,TROC*I & ,GIL ,J ,WOLMAN4 ,?OSE ITALICIZ$ W]E LAT] AMONG ! ORIG9AL MEMB]S ( ! ,S,I4 7,*T*EGLOV WAS NEV] AN ,S,I MEMB]1 ?\< HE IS LI/$ 9 ,RASPAUD & ,VOY]'S BOOK AS A 0MEMBRE DE LO90 -- A FELL[ TRAVEL] -- & WAS P]HAPS CONSID]$ A SORT ( HONOR>Y MEMB] DUE TO HIS IMPORTANT E>LY CONTRIBUTIONS47 

.<#e.> ,! ,S,I SUBSEQU5TLY R5\NC$ ANY SU* 09FILTRATION0 ( O!R GR\PS1 CONSID]+ ?AT SIMULTANE\S MEMB]%IP 9 TWO ORGANIZATIONS T5DS TO LEAD TO MANIPULATION4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JUNE #c1 #aieg 3 ,REPORT ON ! ,CON/RUCTION ( ,SITUATIONS -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#a1 #bb 3 ,REPORT ON ! ,CON/RUCTION ( ,SITUATIONS -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,REPORT ON ! ,CON/RUCTION ( ,SITUATIONS -- ,UPDAT$4 

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