,*APT] #h ,IDEOLOGY & ,CLASS ,CONSCI\SNESS ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK ,TEXT 3 ,9 RETROSPECT ALL LO/ CAUSES APPE> AS IRRATIONAL 5DEAVORS1 :ILE ?OSE ?AT SUCCE$ SEEM RATIONAL & JU/IFIABLE4 ,! GOALS ( ! DEFEAT$ REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITY HAVE 9V>IABLY BE5 DESCRIB$ AS UTOPIAN & ?US AS 9DEF5SIBLE4 ,! T]M 0UTOPIAN0 DOES NOT APPLY1 H[EV]1 TO OBJECTIVELY REALIZABLE PROJECTS1 BUT TO IMAG9>Y SY/EMS1 :I* MAY OR MAY NOT HAVE CONCRETELY GIV5 MAT]IAL UND]P9N+S ?AT ALL[ = !IR REALIZATION4 ,!RE WAS NO?+ UTOPIAN 9 ! ATTEMPT TO GA9 CONTROL ( SOCIETY BY WAY ( WORK]S' C\NCILS & TO 5D ! M>KET ECONOMY1 = 9 ! DEVELOP$ CAPITALI/ SY/EM ! 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT IS ! DET]M9+ FACTOR 9 ! SOCIAL REPRODUCTION PROCESS AS A :OLE1 :I* IS NOT NECESS>ILY ASSOCIAT$ ) LABOR AS WAGE LABOR4 ,:E!R A SOCIETY IS CAPITALI/ OR SOCIALI/1 9 EI!R CASE IT IS ! WORK+ CLASS ?AT 5ABLES IT TO EXI/1 PRODUCTION CAN BE C>RI$ ON )\T REG>D TO ITS EXPANSION 9 VALUE T]MS & ! REQUIREM5TS ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION4 ,DI/RIBUTION & ! ALLOCATION ( SOCIAL LABOR >E NOT DEP5D5T UPON ! 9DIRECT EX*ANGE RELATIONS ( ! M>KET1 BUT CAN BE ORGANIZ$ CONSCI\SLY ?R\< APPROPRIATE NEW SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS UND] ! OP5 & DIRECT CONTROL ( ! PRODUC]S4 ,WE/]N CAPITALISM 9 #aiah WAS NOT ! NECESS>Y SOCIAL PRODUCTION SY/EM BUT ONLY ! EXI/+ ONE1 :OSE OV]?R[ W\LD M]ELY HAVE RELEAS$ IT FROM ITS CAPITALI/ 5CUMBRANCES4 ,:AT WAS MISS+ WAS NOT ! OBJECTIVE POSSIBILITY = SOCIAL *ANGE1 BUT A SUBJECTIVE WILL+NESS ON ! P>T ( ! MAJORITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! OPPORTUNITY TO OV]?R[ ! RUL+ CLASS & TO TAKE POSSESSION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,! LABOR MOVEM5T HAD *ANG$ ) *ANG+ CAPITALISM1 BUT 9 A DIRECTION CONTR>Y TO ,M>XIAN EXPECTATIONS4 ,DESPITE ! PSEUDO-,M>XI/ IDEOLOGY1 IT T5D$ T[>D ! APOLITICAL POSITION ?AT *>ACT]IZES LABOR MOVEM5TS 9 ! ,ANGLO-,SAXON C\NTRIES & T[>D !IR POSITIVE ACCEPTANCE ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,! MOVEM5T HAD BECOME POLITICALLY 0NEUTRAL10 SO TO SPEAK1 BY LEAV+ POLITICAL DECISIONS TO ! ACCR$IT$ POLITICAL P>TIES ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY1 ( :I* ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY WAS ONE AMONG O!RS4 ,! WORK]S SUPPORT$ ! P>TY ?AT PROMIS$1 OR SEEM+LY 9T5D$1 TO TAKE C>E ( !IR P>TICUL> IMM$IATE NE$S1 :I* N[ COMPRIS$ ALL !IR NE$S4 ,!Y W\LD NOT OBJECT TO ! NATIONALIZATION ( 9DU/RIES1 W]E ?IS ! GOAL ( !IR FAVOR$ P>TY1 BUT NEI!R DID !Y OBJECT TO R5EG+ ON ?IS PR9CIPLE 9 FAVOR ( ! PRIVATE-PROP]TY SY/EM4 ,!Y SIMPLY LEFT SU* DECISIONS TO !IR ELECT$ & MORE OR LESS TRU/$ LEAD]S1 JU/ AS !Y AWAIT$ ! MANAG]S' OR 5TREPR5EURS' ORD]S 9 ! FACTORIES4 ,!Y CONT9U$ TO D5Y !MSELVES ANY K9D ( SELF-DET]M9ATION BY SIMPLY LEAV+ ?+S AS !Y HAD BE51 :I* SEEM$ PREF]ABLE TO ! TURMOIL & ! UNC]TA9TIES ( A PROLONG$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! TRADITIONAL AU?ORITIES4 ,IT IS ?US NOT POSSIBLE TO SAY ?AT ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY 0BETRAY$0 ! WORK+ CLASS2 :AT ITS LEAD]S 0BETRAY$0 WAS !IR [N PA/1 N[ ?AT !Y HAD BECOME AN APPRECIAT$ P>T ( ! CAPITALI/ E/ABLI%M5T4 ,! FAILURE ( ! ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION SEEMS TO V9DICATE ! ,BOL%EVIK ASS]TION ?AT1 LEFT TO ITSELF1 ! WORK+ CLASS IS NOT ABLE TO MAKE A SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION & !RE=E REQUIRES ! LEAD]%IP ( A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY READY TO ASSUME DICTATORIAL P[]S4 ,BUT ! ,G]MAN WORK+ CLASS DID NOT ATTEMPT TO MAKE A SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION & ?US ITS FAILURE TO DO SO CANNOT PROVE ! VALIDITY ( ! ,BOL%EVIK PROPOSITION4 ,MOREOV]1 !RE WAS A REVOLUTION>Y 0VANGU>D0 ?AT TRI$ TO *ANGE ! PURELY POLITICAL *>ACT] ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,AL?\< ?IS REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITY DID NOT SUBSCRIBE TO ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY CONCEPT1 IT WAS NO LESS READY TO ASSUME LEAD]%IP1 BUT AS A P>T1 NOT AS ! DOM9ATOR1 ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,UND] ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN CONDITIONS1 A SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION DEP5D$ CLE>LY ON CLASS & NOT ON P>TY ACTIONS1 = H]E IT IS ! WORK+ CLASS AS A :OLE ?AT HAS TO TAKE OV] POLITICAL P[] & ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,IT IS TRUE ( C\RSE - BUT TRUE = ALL CLASSES1 ! B\RGEOISIE AS WELL AS ! PROLET>IAT - ?AT IT IS ALWAYS ONLY A P>T ( ! :OLE ?AT ACTUALLY 5GAGES ITSELF 9 SOCIAL AFFAIRS1 :ILE ANO!R P>T REMA9S 9ACTIVE4 ,BUT 9 EI!R CASE1 IT IS ! ACTIVE P>T ?AT IS DECISIVE AS REG>DS ! \TCOME ( ! CLASS W>4 ,IT IS ?US NOT A QUE/ION ( ! :OLE ( ! WORK+ CLASS LIT]ALLY P>TAK+ 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS1 BUT ( A MASS SUFFICI5T TO MAT* ! =CES MOBILIZ$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,?IS RELATIVE MASS DID NOT AGGREGATE FA/ 5\< TO (FSET ! GR[+ P[] ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,! :OLE C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y /RATEGY CONSI/$ 9 =E/ALL+ A POSSIBLE 9CREASE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITY4 ,! GREAT RU% 9TO ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY1 AS ! POLITICAL GOAL ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 WAS AT ! SAME TIME DICTAT$ BY ! FE> ?AT A PROLONG$ EXI/5CE ( ! WORK]S' C\NCILS C\LD LEAD TO !IR RADICALIZATION 9 ! DIRECTION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITY4 ,) ! DEMOBILIZATION ( ! >MY1 ! POLITICAL DIV]SITY ( ! SOLDI]S' C\NCILS W\LD DISAPPE>1 & ! COMPOSITION ( ! C\NCILS1 BAS$ N[ EXCLUSIVELY 9 ! FACTORIES1 MIY *>ACT]4 ,?AT ?IS FE> WAS UNCALL$ = CAME TO LIY PROGRAM4 ,YET ! FE> P]SI/$ ?AT ! VICTORY ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY MIY ,RUSSIA 9 ! BACKGR\ND1 A NEW REVOLUTION>Y UPSURGE REMA9$ A POSSIBILITY - A SITUATION CALL+ = ! SY/EMATIC DE/RUCTION ( REVOLUTION>Y =CES ?AT REFUS$ TO ACCEPT ! RECONSOLIDATION ( ! CAPITALI/ REGIME4 ,AL?\< IT DEM&$ ! 5D ( ! W>1 NOT ! :OLE ( ! >MY JO9$ ! REVOLUTION4 ,NONE!LESS1 SO AS TO FACILITATE ! ORD]LY RETREAT FROM ! FRONTL9ES & TO AVOID A L>GE-SCALE CIVIL W>1 ! ,MILIT>Y ,HI< ,COMM& ACCEPT$ BO? ! SOLDI]S' C\NCILS & ! PROVISIONAL ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T4 ,9 CLOSE COOP]ATION ) ! ,MILIT>Y ,HI< ,COMM&1 ! NEWLY E/ABLI%$ GOV]NM5T BEGAN AT ONCE TO SELECT & TO ORGANIZE ! MORE TRU/WOR?Y ELEM5TS FROM ! DISSOLV+ >MY 9TO VOLUNT>Y =MATIONS 7,FREIKORPS7 TO *ALL5GE1 DIS>M1 & DE/ROY ! REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITY4 ,UND] ! COMM& ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC MILIT>I/ ,GU/AV ,NOSKE1 !SE MILIT>Y =CES SUCCE$$ 9 PIECEMEAL FA%ION 9 ELIM9AT+ ! >M$ REVOLUTION>IES :]EV] !Y TRI$ TO DRIVE ! REVOLUTION BEYOND ! CONF9ES ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4 ,! RESORT TO ,:ITE T]ROR DI/URB$ ! COMPLAC5CY ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC MASSES SOME:AT MORE ?AN ! REVOLUTION>Y AGITATION ( ! ,COMMUNI/S4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS LOSS ( CONFID5CE 9 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC LEAD]%IP DID NOT B5EFIT ! ,COMMUNI/S BUT M]ELY 9CREAS$ ! RANKS ( ! DIVID$ OPPOSITIONAL ,9DEP5D5T ,SOCIALI/S4 ,BETWE5 ! ELECTIONS TO ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY 9 ,JANU>Y #aiai & ! ELECTION ( ! ,REI*/AG 9 ,JUNE #a#i#b1 ! VOTES = ! ,MAJORITY ,SOCIALI/S DECL9$ FROM #c#g4#i P]C5T TO #b#a4#f P]C5T1 :ILE ?OSE ( ! ,9DEP5D5T ,SOCIALI/S 9CREAS$ FROM #g4#f P]C5T TO #ah P]C5T4 ,JU/ AS ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY UTILIZ$ ! C\NCIL MOVEM5T 9 ORD] TO SU/A9 ITS [N POLITICAL 9FLU5CE1 SO IT DID NOT OBJECT TO ! NATIONALIZATION ( L>GE-SCALE 9DU/RY CALL$ = BY ! ,SECOND ,CONGRESS ( ,WORK]S' ,C\NCILS4 ,?IS WAS TO BE TAK5 UP BY ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY1 :I*1 ( C\RSE1 (F]$ NO GU>ANTEE ?AT ! DEM& W\LD ALSO BE HE$$4 ,BUT ?IS APP>5T COMMITM5T TO ! ACTUALIZATION ( A PROGRAM ( NATIONALIZATION-AS A SYNONYM = SOCIALIZATION-ALL[$ ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T TO CAM\FLAGE ITS C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y C\RSE ) ! PROMISE TO FUR!R ! SOCIALIZATION PROCESS BY PEACEFUL1 LEGAL MEANS1 9 CONTRA/ TO ! ,COMMUNI/ 5DEAVORS TO REA* IT BY WAY ( CIVIL W>4 ,:ILE ! ,:ITE T]ROR RUL$1 ?IS WAS ONLY BECAUSE 0SOCIALISM WAS ON ! M>*0 & F\ND NO O!R OB/ACLE 9 ITS PA? ?AN 0,BOL%EVIK AN>*ISM40 ,:]EV] ?IS PROMISE WAS TAK5 S]I\SLY1 AS = 9/ANCE BY ! WORK]S' & SOLDI]S' C\NCILS 9 ! ,RUHR DI/RICT1 :O MADE A FIR/ /EP T[>D SOCIALIZATION BY ASSUM+ CONTROL OV] 9DU/RIES & M9ES 9 ! EXPECTATION ?AT ! GOV]NM5T W\LD COMPLETE & RATIFY !IR ACTIONS1 !IR 9DEP5D5T 9ITIATIVE WAS QUICKLY BR\Y MEANS4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC CONCEPT ( NATIONALIZATION DID NOT 9CLUDE PROLET>IAN SELF-DET]M9ATION BUT M]ELY1 & AT BE/1 ! TAK+ OV] ( 9DU/RIES BY ! /ATE4 ,IT WAS 9 ?IS S5SE ONLY - ?AT IS1 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK S5SE - ?AT NATIONALIZATION WAS DEBATABLE AT ALL1 & IT WAS SOON TO BE DISC>D$ AS AN OBJECT ( DISCUSSION1 TOGE!R ) ! DULY 9/ITUT$ P>LIAM5T>Y COMMITTEE ON SOCIALIZATION4 ,! ,NOVEMB] ,REVOLUTION ITSELF WAS ?US ITS ONE & ONLY RESULT4 ,AP>T FROM ! TOPPL+ ( ! MON>*Y1 SOME *ANGES 9 ELECTORAL PROC$URES1 ! EIDS' COMMITTEES UND] TRADE-UNION AUSPICES1 ! LIB]AL CAPITALI/ ECONOMY REMA9$ UNT\*$ & ! /ATE REMA9$ A B\RGEOIS /ATE4 ,ALL ! REVOLUTION HAD ACCOMPLI%$ W]E SOME MEAG] RE=MS ?AT 9 ANY CASE C\LD HAVE BE5 REA*$ )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( CAPITALISM'S 0NORMAL0 DEVELOPM5T4 ,9 ! M9DS ( ! RE=MI/ ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS SOCIAL *ANGE HAD ALWAYS BE5 A PURELY EVOLUTION>Y PROCESS ( SMALL PROGRESSIVE IMPROVEM5TS :I* W\LD EV5TUALLY ISSUE 9TO A QUANTITATIVELY DIFF]5T SOCIAL SY/EM4 ,!Y SAW !MSELVES1 9 #aiad & AGA9 9 #a#i#a#h1 NOT AS 0C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES0 OR AS 0BETRAY]S0 ( ! WORK+ CLASS BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 AS ITS TRUE REPRES5TATIVES1 :O C>$ = BO? ! WORK]S' MO/ IMM$IATE NE$S & !IR F9AL SOCIAL EMANCIPATION4 ,?IS IS NO?+ TO BE WOND]$ AT1 =1 MORE (T5 ?AN NOT1 EV5 ! CAPITALI/S SEE !MSELVES AS B5EFACTORS ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,) F> MORE JU/IFICATION C\LD ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC LEAD]%IP IMAG9E ?AT ITS 9T]V5TIONS 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS W\LD 9 ! 5D BE MORE B5EFICIAL TO ! WORK+ CLASS ?AN A RADICAL OV]TURN ( ALL EXI/+ CONDITIONS1 ) ITS ACCOMPANY+ 9T]RUPTION ( ! R\T9ELY NECESS>Y SOCIAL & PRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS4 ,GRADUALISM SEEM$ ! ONLY ASSURANCE ?AT ! SOCIAL TRANS=MATION C\LD PROCE$ ) ! LEA/ CO/ 9 HUMAN MIS]Y1 &1 ( C\RSE1 ! LEA/ RISK = ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC LEAD]%IP4 ,MOREOV]1 ! POLITICAL REVOLUTION AF=D$1 AT LEA/ 9 !ORY1 AN OPPORTUNITY TO SPE$ UP ! PROCESS ( SOCIAL RE=M BY BRIDG+ ! ANTAGONISM ( LABOR & CAPITAL ?R\< A MORE DEMOCRATIC /ATE & GOV]NM5T4 ,9 ?IS VIEW CLASS CONFLICT C\LD BE CONT9U\SLY S(T5$ ?R\< GOV]NM5T-9DUC$ CONCESSIONS MADE TO ! WORK+ CLASS AT ! EXP5SE ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,!RE C\LD BE AN EXT5SION ( POLITICAL DEMOCRACY 9TO ! ECONOMIC SPH]E & 0CODET]M9ATION0 ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION PROCESS4 ,!RE WAS NO NE$ = ! DICTATOR%IP ( A CLASS1 :E!R ( ! B\RGEOISIE OR ! PROLET>IAT4 ,!RE C\LD BE A CONT9UATION ( ! CLASS COLLABORATION PRACTIC$ DUR+ ! W>1 N[ TO S]VE PEACEFUL 5DS1 B5EFIT+ ! :OLE ( SOCIETY4 ,A CONDITION WAS IMAG9$1 SU* AS CAME TO PASS SOME DECADES LAT] ) ! 0WELF>E /ATE0 & ! 0SOCIAL M>KET ECONOMY10 9 :I* ALL CONFLICTS C\LD BE >BITRAT$ 9/EAD ( BE+ F\MONY E/ABLI%$ ?AT W\LD BE ADVANTAGE\S TO ALL4 ,! PREW> CONFID5CE 9 ! ECONOMIC VIABILITY ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM WAS /ILL ALIVE3 ! SETBACKS ( ! W> C\LD BE OV]COME ?R\< AN 9CREAS+ PRODUCTION1 UNHAMP]$ BY TIME-CONSUM+ & DISLOCAT+ SOCIAL EXP]IM5TS4 ,A BANKRUPT CAPITALISM WAS NOT CONSID]$ A PROP] BASE = SOCIALISM2 AS BE=E1 ! LATT] W\LD BE A PROBLEM ( ! FUTURE1 :5 ! ECONOMY WAS ONCE AGA9 9 FULL FL\RI%4 ,IF SOME WORK]S DID NOT SEE IT ?IS WAY1 !IR FOLLY %\LD NOT BE ALL[$ TO DEPRIVE ! RE/ ( SOCIETY ( ! POSSIBILITY TO EM]GE FROM ! %AMBLES LEFT BY ! W> & TO MEET ITS MORE IMM$IATE NE$S 9 T]MS ( BREAD & BUTT]4 ,! RE=MI/S HAD NO PR9CIPLES TO 0BETRAY40 ,!Y REMA9$ :AT !Y HAD BE5 ALL ALONG1 BUT !Y W]E N[ OBLIG$ FIR/ ( ALL TO SAFEGU>D ! SY/EM 9 :I* !IR *]I%$ PRACTICE C\LD CONT9UE4 ,! REVOLUTION HAD TO BE R$UC$ TO A M]E RE=M1 SO AS TO SATISFY !IR DEEPE/ CONVICTIONS &1 9CID5TALLY1 SECURE !IR POLITICAL EXI/5CE4 ,! ONLY ?+ TO BE WOND]$ AT WAS ! GREAT NUMB] ( SOCIALI/ WORK]S = :OM1 AT LEA/ IDEOLOGICALLY1 RE=MS W]E SUPPOS$ TO BE ONLY AN 9T]M$IATE /AGE 9 ! M>* TO ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,N[ ?AT ! OPPORTUNITY WAS GIV5 TO REALIZE !IR 0HI/ORICAL MISSION10 !Y FAIL$ TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( IT1 PREF]R+ 9/EAD ! 0EASY WAY0 ( SOCIAL RE=M & ! LIQUIDATION ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,AGA91 ?IS IS NOT A V]IFICATION ( ! ,KAUTSKY-,L59 PROPOSITION ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS IS 9CAPABLE ( RAIS+ ITS CLASS CONSCI\SNESS BEYOND M]E TRADE UNIONISM1 = ! ,G]MAN WORK+ CLASS WAS A HIY CONSCI\SNESS0 ?AT ! MIDDLE-CLASS 9TELLECTUALS HAD C>RI$ 9TO ! WORK+ CLASS1 BUT ONLY !IR [N RE=MISM & OPPORTUNISM1 :I* UND]M9$ :ATEV] REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS EVOLV$ )9 ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,M>XI/ REVISIONISM DID NOT ORIG9ATE 9 ! WORK+ CLASS BUT 9 ITS LEAD]%IP1 = :I* TRADE UNIONISM & P>LIAM5T>ISM W]E ! SUFFICI5T MEANS = A PROGRESSIVE SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,!Y M]ELY TURN$ ! HI/ORICALLY RE/RICT$ PRACTICE ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9TO A !ORY ( SOCIALISM &1 BY MONOPOLIZ+ ITS IDEOLOGY1 W]E ABLE TO 9FLU5CE ! WORK]S 9 ! SAME DIRECTION4 ,/ILL1 ! WORK]S PROV$ ONLY TOO WILL+ TO %>E ! LEAD]S' RE=MI/ CONVICTIONS4 ,= ,L591 ?IS WAS PRO( 5\< ( !IR CONG5ITAL 9CAPACITY TO DEVELOP A REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS1 :I* ?US CONDEMN$ !M TO FOLL[ ! RE=MI/ LEAD4 ,! SOLUTION WAS ?US ! REPLACEM5T ( RE=MI/ BY REVOLUTION>Y LEAD]S1 :O W\LD NOT 0BETRAY0 ! REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIALITIES ( ! LABOR+ CLASS4 ,IT WAS A QUE/ION ( ! 0RIIAT4 ,& ?US IT WAS ! *>ACT] ( ! P>TY ?AT WAS DEEM$ ! DECISIVE ELEM5T 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS1 EV5 ?\< ?IS P>TY W\LD HAVE TO W9 ! CONFID5CE ( ! MASSES ?R\< !IR 9TUITIVE RECOGNITION ?AT IT REPRES5T$ !IR [N 9T]E/S1 :I* ! MASSES !MSELVES W]E NOT ABLE TO EXPRESS 9 EFFECTIVE POLITICAL ACTION4 ,SIMULTANE\SLY1 ! DIFF]5TIATION BETWE5 CLASS & P>TY WAS SE5 AS !IR ID5TITY1 BECAUSE ! LATT] W\LD COMP5SATE = ! LACK ( POLITICAL AW>5ESS ON ! P>T ( ! LESS-$UCAT$ PROLET>IAT4 ,CONTR>Y TO ! ,M>XIAN !ORY ?AT IT IS MAT]IAL CONDITIONS & SOCIAL RELATIONS ?AT ACC\NT = ! RISE ( A REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS )9 ! PROLET>IAT1 9 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC VIEW 7:E!R RE=MI/ OR REVOLUTION>Y7 !SE V]Y CONDITIONS PREV5T ! WORK]S FROM RECOGNIZ+ !IR TRUE CLASS 9T]E/S & FROM F9D+ WAYS & MEANS TO REALIZE !M4 ,!Y >E ABLE TO REBEL1 NO D\BT1 BUT NOT TO TURN !IR WRA? 9TO SUCCESSFUL REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS & MEAN+FUL SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,= ?IS !Y NE$ ! AID ( MIDDLE-CLASS 9TELLECTUALS :O MAKE ! CAUSE ( ! WORK]S !IR [N1 EV5 ?\<1 OR BECAUSE1 !Y DO NOT %>E 9 ?OSE DEPRIVATIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS :I*1 9 ! ,M>XIAN VIEW1 W\LD TURN ! WORK]S 9TO REVOLUTION>IES4 ,?IS ELITI/ NOTION IMPLIES1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT ?\< IDEAS F9D !IR S\RCE 9 MAT]IAL SOCIAL CONDITIONS1 !Y >E NONE!LESS ! IRREPLACABLE & DOM9AT+ ELEM5T 9 ! PROCESS ( SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,BUT AS IDEAS !Y >E ! PRIVILEGE ( ?AT GR\P 9 SOCIETY :I*1 ) ! GIV5 DIVISION ( LABOR1 ATT5DS TO ITS IDEOLOGICAL REQUIREM5TS4 ,BUT :AT IS CLASS CONSCI\SNESS ANYWAY8 ,9S(> AS IT M]ELY REF]S TO ONE'S POSITION 9 SOCIETY IT IS IMM$IATELY RECOGNIZABLE3 ! B\RGEOIS KN[S ?AT HE BELONGS TO ! RUL+ CLASS2 ! WORK]1 ?AT HIS PLACE IS AMONG ! RUL$2 & ! SOCIAL GR\PS 9 BETWE5 C\NT !MSELVES 9 NEI!R ( !SE BASIC CLASSES4 ,!RE IS NO PROBLEM SO LONG AS ! DIFF]5T CLASSES ADH]E TO ONE & ! SAME IDEOLOGY1 NAMELY1 ! IDEA ?AT !SE CLASS RELATIONS >E NATURAL RELATIONS ?AT WILL ALWAYS PREVAIL AS A BASIC *>ACT]I/IC ( ! HUMAN CONDITION4 ,ACTUALLY1 ( C\RSE1 ! MAT]IAL 9T]E/S ( ! V>I\S CLASSES DIV]GE & LEAD TO SOCIAL FRICTIONS ?AT CONFLICT ) ! COMMON IDEOLOGY4 ,! LATT] IS 9CREAS+LY RECOGNIZ$ AS ! IDEOLOGY ( ! RUL+ CLASS 9 SUPPORT ( ! EXI/+ SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS & WILL BE REJECT$ AS A /ATEM5T ( ! 9ESCAPABLE DE/9Y ( HUMAN SOCIETY4 ,! RUL+ IDEOLOGY IS ?US B\ND TO SUCCUMB TO ! EXT5SION ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS 9TO ! IDEOLOGICAL SPH]E4 ,! DIFF]5CES ( MAT]IAL 9T]E/S TURN 9TO IDEOLOGICAL DIFF]5CES & !N 9TO POLITICAL !ORIES BAS$ ON ! CONCRETE SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS4 ,! POLITICAL !ORIES MAY BE QUITE RUDIM5T>Y1 BECAUSE ( ! COMPLEXITIES ( ! SOCIAL ISSUES 9VOLV$1 BUT !Y NONE!LESS CON/ITUTE A *ANGE FROM M]E CLASS CONSCI\SNESS TO A COMPREH5SION ?AT SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS C\LD BE DIFF]5T FROM :AT !Y >E4 ,WE >E !N ON ! ROAD FROM M]E CLASS CONSCI\SNESS TO A REVOLUTION>Y CLASS CONSCI\SNESS1 :I* RECOGNIZES ! RUL+ IDEOLOGY AS A CONFID5CE GAME & CONC]NS ITSELF ) WAYS & MEANS TO ALT] ! EXI/+ CONDITIONS4 ,IF ?IS W]E NOT SO1 NO LABOR MOVEM5T W\LD HAVE >IS5 & SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T W\LD NOT BE *>ACT]IZ$ BY CLASS /RUGGLES ,H[EV]1 JU/ AS ! PRES5CE ( ! RUL+ IDEOLOGY DOES NOT SUFFICE TO MA9TA9 EXI/+ SOCIAL RELATIONS1 BUT MU/ 9 TURN BE SUPPORT$ BY ! MAT]IAL =CES ( ! /ATE APP>ATUS1 SO A C\NT]-IDEOLOGY WILL REMA9 JU/ ?IS UNLESS IT CAN PRODUCE MAT]IAL =CES /RONG] ?AN ?OSE REFLECT$ BY ! RUL+ IDEOLOGY4 ,IF ?IS IS NOT ! CASE1 ! QUALITY ( ! C\NT]-IDEOLOGY1 :E!R IT IS M]ELY 9TUITIVE OR BAS$ ON SCI5TIFIC CONSID]ATIONS1 DOES NOT MATT] & NEI!R ! 9TELLECTUAL NOR ! WORK] CAN EFFECT A *ANGE 9 ! EXI/+ SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,REVOLUTION>IES MAY OR MAY NOT BE ALL[$ TO EXPRESS !IR VIEWS1 DEP5D+ ON ! M5TALITY ?AT DOM9ATES ! RUL+ CLASS1 BUT UND] :ATEV] CONDITIONS !Y WILL NOT BE ABLE TO DISLODGE ! RUL+ CLASS BY IDEOLOGICAL MEANS4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT ! RUL+ CLASS HAS ALL ! ADVANTAGE1 S9CE ) ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & ! =CES ( ! /ATE IT CONTROLS 9/RUM5TALITIES = ! P]PETUATION & DISSEM9ATION ( ITS [N IDEOLOGY4 ,AS ?IS CONDITION P]SI/S UNTIL ! ACTUAL OV]?R[ ( A GIV5 SOCIAL SY/EM1 REVOLUTIONS MU/ TAKE PLACE ) 9SUFFICI5T IDEOLOGICAL PREP>ATION4 ,9 %ORT1 ! C\NT]-IDEOLOGY CAN TRIUMPH ONLY ?R\< A REVOLUTION ?AT PLAYS ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & POLITICAL P[] 9TO ! H&S ( ! REVOLUTION>IES4 ,UNTIL !N1 REVOLUTION>Y CLASS CONSCI\SNESS WILL ALWAYS BE LESS EFFECTIVE ?AN ! RUL+ IDEOLOGY4 ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,M>* #c1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #h -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/