,*APT] #g ,CO-OP]ATIVES1 ,UNIONS1 ,DEMOCRACY ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG ,TEXT 3 ,B]N/E9'S SOCIALISM (F]S TO ! WORK]S ! PROSPECT ( %>+ 9 ! WEAL? ( SOCIETY4 ,! POOR >E TO BECOME RI*4 ,H[ WILL ?IS SOCIALISM BE BR\TICLE 9 ! ,NEUE ,ZEIT 7,PROBLEMS ( ,SOCIALISM7 CONTA9 ONLY VAGUE ALLUSIONS TO ?IS QUE/ION4 ,ADEQUATE 9=MATION1 H[EV]1 CAN BE F\ND 9 HIS BOOK4 ,B]N/E9'S SOCIALISM IS TO BE REALIZ$ ) ! AID ( !SE TWO 9/RUM5TS3 LABOR UNIONS - OR AS ,B]N/E9 HIMSELF *>ACT]IZES !M1 ECONOMIC DEMOCRACY - & CO-OP]ATIVES4 ,! FIR/ WILL SUPPRESS 9DU/RIAL PR(IT2 ! SECOND WILL DO AWAY ) COMM]CIAL PR(IT4 ,CO-OP]ATIVES - ESPECIALLY CO-OP]ATIVES 9 ! FIELD ( PRODUCTION CON/ITUTE A HYBRID =M 9 ! MID/ ( CAPITALISM4 ,!Y CAN BE DESCRIB$ AS SMALL UNITS ( SOCIALIZ$ PRODUCTION )9 CAPITALI/ EX*ANGE4 ,BUT 9 CAPITALI/ ECONOMY EX*ANGES DOM9ATE PRODUCTION4 ,AS A RESULT ( COMPETITION1 ! COMPLETE DOM9ATION ( ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION BY ! 9T]E/S ( CAPITAL - ?AT IS1 PITILESS EXPLOITATION - BECOMES A CONDITION = ! SURVIVAL ( EA* 5T]PRISE4 ,! DOM9ATION ( CAPITAL OV] ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION EXPRESSES ITSELF 9 ! FOLL[+ WAYS4 ,LABOR IS 9T5SIFI$4 ,! WORK DAY IS L5G!N$ OR %ORT5$1 ACCORD+ TO ! SITUATION ( ! M>KET4 ,&1 DEP5D+ ON ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! M>KET1 LABOR IS EI!R EMPLOY$ OR ?R[N BACK 9TO ! /REET4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 USE IS MADE ( ALL ME?ODS ?AT 5ABLE AN 5T]PRISE TO /& UP AGA9/ ITS COMPETITORS 9 ! M>KET4 ,! WORK]S =M+ A COOP]ATIVE 9 ! FIELD ( PRODUCTION >E ?US FAC$ ) ! CONTRADICTORY NECESSITY ( GOV]N+ !MSELVES ) ! UTMO/ ABSOLUTISM4 ,!Y >E OBLIG$ TO TAKE T[>D !MSELVES ! ROLE ( CAPITALI/ 5TREPR5EUR - A CONTRADICTION ?AT ACC\NTS = ! USUAL FAILURE ( PRODUCTION CO-OP]ATIVES :I* EI!R BECOME PURE CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISES OR1 IF ! WORK]S' 9T]E/S CONT9UE TO PR$OM9ATE1 5D BY DISSOLV+4 ,B]N/E9 HAS HIMSELF TAK5 NOTE ( !SE FACTS4 ,BUT IT IS EVID5T ?AT HE HAS NOT UND]/OOD !M4 ,=1 TOGE!R ) ,MRS4 ,POTT]-,WEBB1 HE EXPLA9S ! FAILURE ( PRODUCTION CO-OP]ATIVES 9 ,5GL& BY !IR LACK ( 0DISCIPL9E40 ,BUT :AT IS SO SUP]FICIALLY & FLATLY CALL$ H]E 0DISCIPL9E0 IS NO?+ ELSE ?AN ! NATURAL ABSOLUTI/ REGIME ( CAPITALISM1 :I* IT IS PLA91 ! WORK]S CANNOT SUCCESSFULLY USE AGA9/ !MSELVES4 ,PRODUC]S' CO-OP]ATIVES CAN SURVIVE )9 CAPITALI/ ECONOMY ONLY IF !Y MANAGE TO SUPPRESS1 BY MEANS ( SOME DET\R1 ! CAPITALI/ CONTROLL$ CONTRADICTIONS BETWE5 ! MODE ( PRODUCTION & ! MODE ( EX*ANGE4 ,& !Y CAN ACCOMPLI% ?IS ONLY BY REMOV+ !MSELVES >TIFICIALLY FROM ! 9FLU5CE ( ! LAWS ( FREE COMPETITION4 ,& !Y CAN SUCCE$ 9 DO+ ! LA/ ONLY :5 !Y ASSURE !MSELVES BE=EH& ( A CON/ANT CIRCLE ( CONSUM]S1 ?AT IS1 :5 !Y ASSURE !MSELVES ( A CON/ANT M>KET4 ,IT IS ! CONSUM]S' COOP]ATIVE ?AT CAN (F] ?IS S]VICE TO ITS BRO!R 9 ! FIELD ( PRODUCTION4 ,H]E - & NOT 9 ,OPP5HEIM]'S DI/9CTION BETWE5 CO-OP]ATIVES ?AT PRODUCE & CO-OP]ATIVES ?AT SELL - IS ! SECRET S\IABLE FAILURE ( PRODUC]S' CO-OP]ATIVES FUNCTION+ 9DEP5D5TLY & !IR SURVIVAL :5 !Y >E BACK$ BY CONSUM]S' ORGANIZATIONS4 ,IF IT IS TRUE ?AT ! POSSIBILITIES ( EXI/5CE ( PRODUC]S' CO-OP]ATIVES )9 CAPITALISM >E B\ND UP ) ! POSSIBILITIES ( EXI/5CE ( CONSUM]S' CO-OP]ATIVES1 !N ! SCOPE ( ! =M] IS LIMIT$1 9 ! MO/ FAVORABLE ( CASES1 TO ! SMALL LOCAL M>KET & TO ! MANUFACTURE ( >TICLES S]V+ IMM$IATE NE$S1 ESPECIALLY FOOD PRODUCTS4 ,CONSUM]S' & !RE=E PRODUC]S' CO-OP]ATIVES1 >E EXCLUD$ FROM ! MO/ IMPORTANT BRAN*ES ( CAPITAL PRODUCTION - ! TEXTILE1 M9+1 METALLURGICAL & PETROLEUM 9DU/RIES1 MA*9E CON/RUCTION1 LOCOMOTIVE & %IP-BUILD+4 ,= ?IS REASON ALONE 7=GETT+ = ! MOM5T !IR HYBRID *>ACT]71 CO-OP]ATIVES 9 ! FIELD ( PRODUCTION CANNOT BE S]I\SLY CONSID]$ AS ! 9/RUM5T ( A G5]AL SOCIAL TRANS=MATION4 ,! E/ABLI%M5T ( PRODUC]S' CO-OP]ATIVES ON A WIDE SCALE W\LD SUPPOSE1 FIR/ ( ALL1 ! SUPPRESSION ( ! WORLD M>KET1 ! BREAK+ UP ( ! PRES5T WORLD ECONOMY 9TO SMALL LOCAL SPH]ES ( PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE4 ,! HIE LIMIT$ TO ! ROLE ( SIMPLE ANNEXES TO CONSUM]S' CO-OP]ATIVES4 ,IT APPE>S1 !RE=E1 ?AT ! LATT] MU/ BE ! BEG9N+ ( ! PROPOS$ SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,BUT ?IS WAY ! EXPECT$ RE=M ( SOCIETY BY MEANS ( CO-OP]ATIVES CEASES TO BE AN (F5SIVE AGA9/ CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION4 ,?AT IS1 IT CEASES TO BE AN ATTACK AGA9/ ! PR9CIPAL BASES ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,IT BECOMES1 9/EAD1 A /RUGGLE AGA9/ COMM]CIAL CAPITAL1 ESPECIALLY SMALL & MIDDLE-SIZ$ COMM]CIAL CAPITAL4 ,IT BECOMES AN ATTACK MADE ON ! TWIGS ( ! CAPITALI/ TREE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,B]N/E91 TRADE UNIONS TOO1 >E A MEANS ( ATTACK AGA9/ CAPITALISM 9 ! FIELD ( PRODUCTION4 ,WE HAVE ALREADY %[N ?AT TRADE UNIONS CANNOT GIVE ! WORK]S A DET]M9+ 9FLU5CE OV] PRODUCTION4 ,TRADE UNIONS CAN DET]M9E NEI!R ! DIM5SIONS ( PRODUCTION NOR ! TE*NICAL PROGRESS ( PRODUCTION4 ,?IS MU* MAY BE SAID AB\T ! PURELY ECONOMIC SIDE ( ! 0/RUGGLE ( ! RATE ( WAGES AGA9/ ! RATE ( PR(IT10 AS ,B]N/E9 LABELS ! ACTIVITY ( ! TRADE UNION4 ,IT DOES NOT TAKE PLACE 9 ! BLUE ( ! SKY4 ,IT TAKES PLACE )9 ! WELL-DEF9$ FRAMEWORK ( ! LAW ( WAGES4 ,! LAW ( WAGES IS NOT %ATT]$ BUT APPLI$ BY TRADE-UNION ACTIVITY4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,B]N/E91 IT IS ! TRADE UNIONS ?AT LEAD - 9 ! G5]AL MOVEM5T = ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS - ! REAL ATTACK AGA9/ ! RATE ( 9DU/RIAL PR(IT4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,B]N/E91 TRADE UNIONS HAVE ! TASK ( TRANS=M+ ! RATE ( 9DU/RIAL PR(IT 9TO 0RATES ( WAGES40 ,! FACT IS ?AT TRADE UNIONS >E LEA/ ABLE TO EXECUTE AN ECONOMIC (F5SIVE AGA9/ PR(IT4 ,TRADE UNIONS >E NO?+ MORE ?AN ! ORGANIZ$ DEF5SE ( LABOR P[] AGA9/ ! ATTACKS ( PR(IT4 ,!Y EXPRESS ! RESI/ANCE (F]$ BY ! WORK+ CLASS TO ! OPPRESSION ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 TRADE UNIONS HAVE ! FUNCTION ( 9FLU5C+ ! SITUATION 9 ! LABOR-P[] M>KET4 ,BUT ?IS 9FLU5CE IS BE+ CON/ANTLY OV]COME BY ! PROLET>IANIZATION ( ! MIDDLE LAY]S ( \R SOCIETY1 A PROCESS :I* CONT9UALLY BR+S NEW M]*&ISE ON ! LABOR M>KET4 ,! SECOND FUNCTION ( ! TRADE UNIONS IS TO AMELIORATE ! CONDITION ( ! WORK]S4 ,?AT IS1 !Y ATTEMPT TO 9CREASE ! %>E ( ! SOCIAL WEAL? GO+ TO ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,?IS %>E1 H[EV]1 IS BE+ R$UC$ ) ! FATALITY ( A NATURAL PROCESS BY ! GR[? ( ! PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR4 ,ONE DOES NOT NE$ TO BE A ,M>XI/ TO NOTICE ?IS4 ,IT SUFFICES TO READ ,RODB]TUS' ,9 ,EXPLANATION ( ! ,SOCIAL ,QUE/ION4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY TRANS=M ! TWO ECONOMIC FUNCTIONS ( ! TRADE UNIONS 9TO A SORT ( LABOR ( ,SISYPHUS1.<#b.> :I* IS1 NEV]!LESS1 9DISP5SABLE4 ,= AS A RESULT ( ! ACTIVITY ( HIS TRADE UNIONS1 ! WORK] SUCCE$S 9 OBTA9+ = HIMSELF ! RATE ( WAGES DUE TO HIM 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! SITUATION ( ! LABOR-P[] M>KET4 ,AS A RESULT ( TRADE UNION ACTIVITY1 ! CAPITALI/ LAW ( WAGES IS APPLI$ & ! EFFECT ( ! DEPRESS+ T5D5CY ( ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T IS P>ALYZ$1 OR TO BE MORE EXACT1 ATT5UAT$4 ,H[EV]1 ! TRANS=MATION ( ! TRADE UNION 9TO AN 9/RUM5T = ! PROGRESSIVE R$UCTION ( PR(IT 9 FAVOR ( WAGES PRESUPPOSES ! FOLL[+ SOCIAL CONDITIONS2 FIR/1 ! CESSATION ( ! PROLET>IANIZATION ( ! MIDDLE /RATA ( \R SOCIETY2 SECONDLY1 A /OPPAGE ( ! GR[? ( PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR4 ,WE HAVE 9 BO? CASES A RETURN TO PRE-CAPITALI/ CONDITIONS1 ,CO-OP]ATIVES & TRADE UNIONS >E TOTALLY 9CAPABLE ( TRANS=M+ ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION4 ,?IS IS REALLY UND]/OOD BY ,B]N/E91 ?\< 9 A CONFUS$ MANN]4 ,= HE REF]S TO CO-OP]ATIVES & TRADE UNIONS AS A MEANS ( R$UC+ ! PR(IT ( ! CAPITALI/S & ?US 5RI*+ ! WORK]S4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 HE R5\NCES ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION & ATTEMPTS TO DIRECT ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ 0CAPITALI/ DI/RIBUTION40 ,AGA9 & AGA91 ,B]N/E9 REF]S TO SOCIALISM AS AN EF=T T[>DS A 0JU/1 JU/] & /ILL MORE JU/0 MODE ( DI/RIBUTION4 7,VORW>TS1 ,M>* #b#f1 #a#h#i#i74 ,IT CANNOT BE D5I$ ?AT ! DIRECT CAUSE LEAD+ ! POPUL> MASSES 9TO ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T IS PRECISELY ! 0UNJU/0 MODE ( DI/RIBUTION *>ACT]I/IC ( CAPITALISM4 ,:5 ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY /RUGGLES = ! SOCIALIZATION ( ! 5TIRE ECONOMY1 IT ASPIRES !RE) ALSO TO A 0JU/0 DI/RIBUTION ( ! SOCIAL WEAL?4 ,BUT1 GUID$ BY ,M>X'S OBS]VATION ?AT ! MODE ( DI/RIBUTION ( A GIV5 EPO* IS A NATURAL CONSEQU5CE ( ! MODE ( PRODUCTION ( ?AT EPO*1 ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY DOES NOT /RUGGLE AGA9/ DI/RIBUTION 9 ! FRAMEWORK ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION4 ,IT /RUGGLES 9/EAD = ! SUPPRESSION ( ! CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION ITSELF4 ,9 A WORD1 ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY WANTS TO E/ABLI% ! MODE ( SOCIALI/ DI/RIBUTION BY SUPPRESS+ ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION4 ,B]N/E9'S ME?OD1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 PROPOSES TO COMBAT ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( DI/RIBUTION 9 ! HOPES ( GRADUALLY E/ABLI%+1 9 ?IS WAY1 ! SOCIALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION4 ,:AT1 9 ?AT CASE1 IS ! BASIS ( ,B]N/E9'S PROGRAM = ! RE=M ( SOCIETY8 ,DOES IT F9D SUPPORT 9 DEF9ITE T5D5CIES ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION8 ,NO4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 HE D5IES SU* T5D5CIES4 ,9 ! SECOND PLACE1 ! SOCIALI/ TRANS=MATION ( PRODUCTION IS = HIM ! EFFECT & NOT ! CAUSE ( DI/RIBUTION4 ,HE CANNOT GIVE HIS PROGRAM A MAT]IALI/ BASE1 BECAUSE HE HAS ALREADY OV]?R[N ! AIMS & ! MEANS ( ! MOVEM5T = SOCIALISM1 & !RE=E ITS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS4 ,AS A RESULT1 HE IS OBLIG$ TO CON/RUCT HIMSELF AN IDEALI/ BASE4 0,:Y REPRES5T SOCIALISM AS ! CONSEQU5CE ( ECONOMIC COMPULSION80 HE COMPLA9S4 0,:Y DEGRADE MAN'S UND]/&+1 HIS FEEL+ = JU/ICE1 HIS WILL80 7,VORW>TS1 ,M>* #b#f1 #a#h#i#i74 ,B]N/E9'S SUP]LATIVELY JU/ DI/RIBUTION IS TO BE ATTA9$ ?ANKS TO MAN'S FREE WILL2 MAN'S WILL ACT+ NOT BECAUSE ( ECONOMIC NECESSITY1 S9CE ?IS WILL IS ONLY AN 9/RUM5T1 BUT BECAUSE ( MAN'S COMPREH5SION ( JU/ICE1 BECAUSE ( MAN'S IDEA ( JU/ICE4 ,WE ?US QUITE HAPPILY RETURN TO ! PR9CIPLE ( JU/ICE1 TO ! OLD W> HORSE ON :I* ! RE=M]S ( ! E>? HAVE ROCK$ = AGES1 = ! LACK ( SUR] MEANS ( HI/ORIC TRANSPORTATION4 ,WE RETURN TO ! LAM5TABLE ,ROS9ATE ON :I* ! ,DON ,QUIXOTES ( HI/ORY HAVE GALLOP$ T[>DS ! GREAT RE=M ( ! E>?1 ALWAYS TO COME HOME ) !IR EYES BLACK5$4 ,! RELATION ( ! POOR TO ! RI*1 TAK5 AS A BASE = SOCIALISM1 ! PR9CIPLE ( COOP]ATION AS ! CONT5T ( SOCIALISM1 ! 0MO/ JU/ DI/RIBUTION0 AS ITS AIM1 & ! IDEA ( JU/ICE AS ITS ONLY HI/ORIC LEGITIMIZATION - ) H[ MU* MORE =CE1 MORE ) & MORE FIRE DID ,WEITL+ DEF5D ?AT SORT ( SOCIALISM FIFTY YE>S AGO4 ,H[EV]1 ?AT G5IUS ( A TAILOR DID NOT KN[ SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM4 ,IF TODAY1 ! CONCEPTION TORE 9TO BITS BY ,M>X & ,5GELS A HALF C5TURY AGO IS PAT*$ UP & PRES5T$ TO ! PROLET>IAT AS ! LA/ WORLD ( SOCIAL SCI5CE1 ?AT TOO1 IS ! >T ( A TAILOR BUT IT HAS NO?+ ( A G5IUS AB\T IT4 ,TRADE UNIONS & CO-OP]ATIVES >E ! ECONOMIC SUPPORT = ! !ORY ( REVISIONISM4 ,ITS PR9CIPAL POLITICAL CONDITION IS ! GR[? ( DEMOCRACY4 ,! PRES5T MANIFE/ATIONS ( POLITICAL REACTION >E TO ,B]N/E9 ONLY 0DISPLACEM5T40 ,HE CONSID]S !M ACCID5TAL1 MOM5T>Y1 & SUGGE/S ?AT !Y >E NOT TO BE CONSID]$ 9 ! ELABORATION ( ! G5]AL DIRECTIVES ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,TO ,B]N/E91 DEMOCRACY IS AN 9EVITABLE /AGE 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY4 ,TO HIM1 AS TO ! B\RGEOIS !ORETICIANS ( LIB]ALISM1 DEMOCRACY IS ! GREAT FUNDAM5TAL LAW ( HI/ORIC DEVELOPM5T1 ! REALIZATION ( :I* IS S]V$ BY ALL ! =CES ( POLITICAL LIFE4 ,H[EV]1 ,B]N/E9'S !SIS IS COMPLETELY FALSE4 ,PRES5T$ 9 ?IS ABSOLUTE =CE1 IT APPE>S AS A PETTY-B\RGEOIS VULG>IZATION ( RESULTS ( A V]Y %ORT PHASE ( B\RGEOIS DEVELOPM5T1 ! LA/ TW5TY-FIVE OR ?IRTY YE>S4 ,WE REA* 5TIRELY DIFF]5T CONCLUSIONS :5 WE EXAM9E ! HI/ORIC DEVELOPM5T ( DEMOCRACY A LITTLE CLOS] & CONSID]1 AT ! SAME TIME1 ! G5]AL POLITICAL HI/ORY ( CAPITALISM4 ,DEMOCRACY HAS BE5 F\ND 9 ! MO/ DISSIMIL> SOCIAL =MATIONS3 9 PRIMITIVE COMMUNI/ GR\PS1 9 ! SLAVE /ATES ( ANTIQUITY & 9 M$IEVAL COMMUNES4 ,& SIMIL>LY1 ABSOLUTISM & CON/ITUTIONAL MON>*Y >E TO BE F\ND UND] ! MO/ V>I$ ECONOMIC ORD]S4 ,:5 CAPITALISM BEGAN1 ) ! FIR/ PRODUCTION ( COMMODITIES1 IT RESORT$ TO A DEMOCRATIC CON/ITUTION 9 ! MUNICIPAL-COMMUNES ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,LAT]1 :5 IT DEVELOP$ TO MANUFACTUR+1 CAPITALISM F\ND ITS CORRESPOND+ POLITICAL =M 9 ! ABSOLUTE MON>*Y4 ,F9ALLY1 AS A DEVELOP$ 9DU/RIAL ECONOMY1 IT BR\*Y ( ,NAPOLEON ,I1 ! NOBLES' MON>*Y ( ! ,RE/ORATION P]IOD 7#a#h#e-#a#h#c71 ! B\RGEOIS CON/ITUTIONAL MON>*Y ( ,L\IS-,PHILIPPE1 !N AGA9 ! DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC1 & AGA9/ ! MON>*Y ( ,NAPOLEON ,I,I,I1 & F9ALLY1 = ! ?IRD TIME1 ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,9 ,G]MANY1 ! ONLY TRULY DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTION - UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE - IS NOT A CONQUE/ WON BY B\RGEOIS LIB]ALISM4 ,UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE 9 ,G]MANY WAS AN 9/RUM5T = ! FUSION ( ! SMALL ,/ATES4 ,IT IS ONLY 9 ?IS S5SE ?AT IT HAS ANY IMPORTANCE = ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,G]MAN B\RGEOISIE1 :I* IS O!RWISE QUITE SATISFI$ ) SEMI-FEUDAL CON/ITUTIONAL MON>*Y4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 CAPITALISM PROSP]$ = A LONG TIME UND] ! REGIME ( ORI5TAL ABSOLUTISM1 )\T HAV+ ! B\RGEOISIE MANIFE/ ! LEA/ DESIRE 9 ! WORLD TO 9TRODUCE DEMOCRACY4 ,9 ,AU/RIA1 UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE WAS ABOVE ALL A SAFETY L9E ?R[N TO A F\ND]+ & DECOMPOS+ MON>*Y4 ,9 ,BELGIUM1 ! CONQUE/ ( UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE BY ! LABOR MOVEM5T WAS UND\BT$LY DUE TO ! WEAKNESS ( ! LOCAL MILIT>ISM1 & CONSEQU5TLY TO ! SPECIAL GEOGRAPHIC & POLITICAL SITUATION ( ! C\NTRY4 ,BUT WE HAVE H]E A 0BIT ( DEMOCRACY0 ?AT HAS BE5 WON NOT BY ! B\RGEOISIE BUT AGA9/ IT4 ,! UN9T]RUPT$ VICTORY ( DEMOCRACY1 :I* TO \R REVISIONISM AS WELL AS TO B\RGEOIS LIB]ALISM1 APPE>S AS A GREAT FUNDAM5TAL LAW ( HUMAN HI/ORY &1 ESPECIALLY1 MOD]N HI/ORY IS %[N UPON CLOS] EXAM9ATION TO BE A PHANTOM4 ,NO ABSOLUTE & G5]AL RELATION CAN BE CON/RUCT$ BETWE5 CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T & DEMOCRACY4 ,! POLITICAL =M ( A GIV5 C\NTRY IS ALWAYS ! RESULT ( ! COMPOSITE ( ALL ! EXI/+ POLITICAL FACTORS1 DOME/IC AS WELL AS =EIGN4 ,IT ADMITS )9 ITS LIMITS ALL V>IATIONS ( ! SCALE FROM ABSOLUTE MON>*Y TO ! DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC4 ,WE MU/ AB&ON1 !RE=E1 ALL HOPE ( E/ABLI%+ DEMOCRACY AS A G5]AL LAW ( HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T EV5 )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( MOD]N SOCIETY4 ,TURN+ TO ! PRES5T PHASE ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 WE OBS]VE H]E1 TOO1 POLITICAL FACTORS :I*1 9/EAD ( ASSUR+ ! REALIZATION ( ,B]N/E9'S S*EMA1 L$ RA!R TO ! AB&ONM5T BY B\RGEOIS SOCIETY ( ! DEMOCRATIC CONQUE/S WON UP TO N[4 ,DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS - & ?IS IS ( ! GREATE/ SIGNIFICANCE - HAVE COMPLETELY EXHAU/$ !IR FUNCTION AS AIDS 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 ,9 SO F> AS !Y W]E NECESS>Y TO BR+ AB\T ! FUSION ( SMALL ,/ATES & ! CREATION ( L>GE MOD]N ,/ATES 7,G]MANY1 ,ITALY71 !Y >E NO LONG] 9DISP5SABLE AT PRES5T4 ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T HAS MEAN:ILE EFFECT$ AN 9T]NAL ORGANIC CICATRIZATION4 ,! SAME ?+ CAN BE SAID CONC]N+ ! TRANS=MATION ( ! 5TIRE POLITICAL & ADM9I/RATIVE ,/ATE MA*9]Y FROM FEUDAL OR SEMI-FEUDAL ME*ANISM TO CAPITALI/ ME*ANISM4 ,:ILE ?IS TRANS=MATION HAS BE5 HI/ORICALLY 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! DEVELOPM5T ( DEMOCRACY1 IT HAS BE5 REALIZ$ TODAY TO SU* AN EXT5T ?AT ! PURELY DEMOCRATIC 0+R$I5TS0 ( SOCIETY1 SU* AS UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE & ! REPUBLICAN ,/ATE =M1 MAY BE SUPPRESS$ )\T HAV+ ! ADM9I/RATION1 ! ,/ATE F9ANCES1 OR ! MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION F9D IT NECESS>Y TO RETURN TO ! =MS !Y HAD BE=E ! ,M>* ,REVOLUTION4.<#c.> ,IF LIB]ALISM AS SU* IS N[ ABSOLUTELY USELESS TO B\RGEOIS SOCIETY IT HAS BECOME1 ON ! O!R H&1 A DIRECT IMP$IM5T TO CAPITALISM FROM O!R /&PO9TS4 ,TWO FACTORS DOM9ATE COMPLETELY ! POLITICAL LIFE ( CONTEMPOR>Y ,/ATES3 WORLD POLITICS & ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,EA* IS ONLY A DIFF]5T ASPECT ( ! PRES5T PHASE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 ,AS A RESULT ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! WORLD ECONOMY & ! AGGRAVATION & G5]ALIZATION ( COMPETITION ON ! WORLD M>KET1 MILIT>ISM & ! POLICY ( BIG NAVIES HAVE BECOME1 AS 9/RUM5TS ( WORLD POLITICS1 A DECISIVE FACTOR 9 ! 9T]IOR AS WELL AS 9 ! EXT]IOR LIFE ( ! GREAT ,/ATES4 ,IF IT IS TRUE ?AT WORLD POLITICS & MILIT>ISM REPRES5T A RIS+ T5D5CY 9 ! PRES5T PHASE ( CAPITALISM1 !N B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY MU/ LOGICALLY MOVE 9 A DESC5D+ L9E4 ,9 ,G]MANY ! ]A ( GREAT >MAM5T1 BEGAN 9 #a#h#i#c1 & ! POLICY ( WORLD POLITICS 9AUGURAT$ ) ! SEIZURE ( ,KIAO-,*E\ W]E PAID = IMM$IATELY ) ! FOLL[+ SACRIFICIAL VICTIM3 ! DECOMPOSITION ( LIB]ALISM1 ! DEFLATION ( ! ,C5T] ,P>TY1 :I* PASS$ FROM OPPOSITION TO GOV]NM5T4 ,! REC5T ELECTIONS TO ! ,REI*/AG ( #aig UNROLL+ UND] ! SIGN ( ! ,G]MAN COLONIAL POLICY W]E1 AT ! SAME TIME1 ! HI/ORICAL BURIAL ( ,G]MAN LIB]ALISM4 ,IF =EIGN POLITICS PU% ! B\RGEOISIE 9TO ! >MS ( REACTION ?IS IS NO LESS TRUE AB\T DOME/IC POLITICS - ?ANKS TO ! RISE ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,B]N/E9 %[S ?AT HE RECOGNIZES ?IS :5 HE MAKES ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC 0LEG5D10 :I* 0WANTS TO SWALL[ EV]Y?+0 - 9 O!R WORDS1 ! SOCIALI/ EF=TS ( ! WORK+ CLASS - RESPONSIBLE = ! DES]TION ( ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE4 ,HE ADVISES ! PROLET>IAT TO DISAV[ ITS SOCIALI/ AIM SO ?AT ! MORTALLY FRI ( ! GR[+ LABOR MOVEM5T & ITS F9AL AIM1 WE CONCLUDE ?AT ! SOCIALI/ LABOR MOVEM5T IS TODAY ! ONLY SUPPORT = ?AT :I* IS NOT ! GOAL ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T - DEMOCRACY4 ,WE MU/ CONCLUDE ?AT DEMOCRACY CAN HAVE NO SUPPORT4 ,WE MU/ CONCLUDE ?AT ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T IS NOT B\ND TO B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY BUT ?AT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! FATE ( DEMOCRACY IS B\ND UP ) ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,WE MU/ CONCLUDE FROM ?IS ?AT DEMOCRACY DOES NOT ACQUIRE GREAT] *ANCES ( SURVIVAL1 AS ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T BECOMES SUFFICI5TLY /RONG TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! REACTION>Y CONSEQU5CES ( WORLD POLITICS & ! B\RGEOIS DES]TION ( DEMOCRACY4 ,HE :O W\LD /R5G!N DEMOCRACY %\LD WANT TO /R5G!N & NOT WEAK5 ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,HE :O R5\NCES ! /RUGGLE = SOCIALISM R5\NCES BO? ! LABOR MOVEM5T & DEMOCRACY4 .<#b.> ,! MY?OLOGICAL K+ ( ,COR9? :O WAS CONDEMN$ TO ROLL A HUGE /ONE TO ! TOP ( A HILL4 ,IT CON/ANTLY ROLL$ BACK D[N AGA9/ MAK+ HIS TASK 9CESSANT4 .<#c.> ,! ,G]MAN REVOLUTION ( #a#h#d#h1 :I* /RUCK AN EFFECTIVE BL[ AGA9/ ! FEUDAL 9/ITUTIONS 9 ,G]MANY4 ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,M>* #e1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #g -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/