,*APT] #b ,! ,ADAPTATION ( ,CAPITALISM ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG ,TEXT 3 ,ACCORD+ TO ,B]N/E91 ! CR$IT SY/EM1 ! P]FECT$ MEANS ( COMMUNICATION & ! NEW CAPITALI/ COMB9ES >E ! IMPORTANT FACTORS ?AT =W>D ! ADAPTATION ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,CR$IT HAS DIV]SE APPLICATIONS 9 CAPITALISM4 ,ITS TWO MO/ IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS >E TO EXT5D PRODUCTION & TO FACILITATE EX*ANGE4 ,:5 ! 9N] T5D5CY ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION TO EXT5D B\NDLESSLY /RIKES AGA9/ ! RE/RICT$ DIM5SIONS ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 CR$IT APPE>S AS A MEANS ( SURM\NT+ !SE LIMITS 9 A P>TICUL> CAPITALI/ MANN]4 ,CR$IT1 ?R\< %>EHOLD+1 COMB9ES 9 ONE MAGNITUDE ( CAPITAL A L>GE NUMB] ( 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALS4 ,IT MAKES AVAILABLE TO EA* CAPITALI/ ! USE ( O!R CAPITALI/S' MONEY - 9 ! =M ( 9DU/RIAL CR$IT4 ,AS COMM]CIAL CR$IT IT ACCEL]ATES ! EX*ANGE ( COMMODITIES & !RE=E ! RETURN ( CAPITAL 9TO PRODUCTION1 & ?US AIDS ! 5TIRE CYCLE ( ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION4 ,! MANN] 9 :I* !SE TWO PR9CIPLE FUNCTIONS ( CR$IT 9FLU5CE ! =MATION ( CRISES IS QUITE OBVI\S4 ,IF IT IS TRUE ?AT CRISES APPE> AS A RESULT ( ! CONTRADICTION EXI/+ BETWE5 ! CAPACITY ( EXT5SION1 ! T5D5CY ( PRODUCTION TO 9CREASE1 & ! RE/RICT$ CONSUMPTION CAPACITY ( ! M>KET1 CR$IT IS PRECISELY1 9 VIEW ( :AT WAS /AT$ ABOVE1 ! SPECIFIC MEANS ?AT MAKES ?IS CONTRADICTION BREAK \T AS (T5 AS POSSIBLE4 ,TO BEG9 )1 IT 9CREASES DISPROPORTIONATELY ! CAPACITY ( ! EXT5SION ( PRODUCTION & ?US CON/ITUTES AN 9N] MOTIVE =CE ?AT IS CON/ANTLY PU%+ PRODUCTION TO EXCE$ ! LIMITS ( ! M>KET4 ,BUT CR$IT /RIKES FROM TWO SIDES4 ,AFT] HAV+ 7AS A FACTOR ( ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION7 PROVOK$ OV]PRODUCTION1 CR$IT 7AS A FACTOR ( EX*ANGE7 DE/ROYS1 DUR+ ! CRISIS1 ! V]Y PRODUCTIVE =CES IT ITSELF CREAT$4 ,AT ! FIR/ SYMPTOM ( ! CRISIS1 CR$IT MELTS AWAY4 ,IT AB&ONS EX*ANGE :]E IT W\LD /ILL BE F\ND 9DISP5SABLE1 & APPE>+ 9/EAD1 9EFFECTIVE & USELESS1 !RE :]E SOME EX*ANGE /ILL CONT9UES1 IT R$UCES TO A M9IMUM ! CONSUMPTION CAPACITY ( ! M>KET4 ,BESIDES HAV+ !SE TWO PR9CIPAL RESULTS1 CR$IT ALSO 9FLU5CES ! =MATION ( CRISES 9 ! FOLL[+ WAYS4 ,IT CON/ITUTES ! TE*NICAL MEANS ( MAK+ AVAILABLE TO AN 5TREPR5EUR ! CAPITAL ( O!R [N]S4 ,IT /IMULATES AT ! SAME TIME ! BOLD & UNSCRUPUL\S UTILIZATION ( ! PROP]TY ( O!RS4 ,?AT IS1 IT LEADS TO SPECULATION4 ,CR$IT NOT ONLY AGGRAVATES ! CRISIS 9 ITS CAPACITY AS A DISSEMBL$ MEANS ( EX*ANGE1 IT ALSO HELPS TO BR+ & EXT5D ! CRISIS BY TRANS=M+ ALL EX*ANGE 9TO AN EXTREMELY COMPLEX & >TIFICIAL ME*ANISM ?AT1 HAV+ A M9IMUM ( METALLIC MONEY AS A REAL BASE1 IS EASILY DIS>RANG$ AT ! SLIY A P>TICUL>LY MIE NO?+ MORE OR LESS ?AN ! P]IODIC COLLISIONS ( ! CONTRADICTORY =CES ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,?AT LEADS US TO ANO!R QUE/ION4 ,:Y DOES CR$IT G5]ALLY HAVE ! APPE>ANCE ( A 0MEANS ( ADAPTATION0 ( CAPITALISM8 ,NO MATT] :AT ! RELATION OR =M 9 :I* ?IS 0ADAPTATION0 IS REPRES5T$ BY C]TA9 PEOPLE1 IT CAN OBVI\SLY CONSI/ ONLY ( ! P[] TO SUPPRESS ONE ( ! SEV]AL ANTAGONI/IC RELATIONS ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 ?AT IS1 ( ! P[] TO SUPPRESS OR WEAK5 ONE ( !SE CONTRADICTIONS1 & ALL[ LIB]TY ( MOVEM5T1 AT ONE PO9T OR ANO!R1 TO ! O!R FETT]$ PRODUCTIVE =CES4 ,9 FACT1 IT IS PRECISELY CR$IT ?AT AGGRAVATES !SE CONTRADICTIONS TO ! HIALYZ+ EX*ANGE AT ! SMALLE/ PRETEXT4 ,IT AGGRAVATES ! ANTAGONISM BETWE5 ! MODE ( PRODUCTION & ! MODE ( APPROPRIATION BY SEP>AT+ PRODUCTION FROM [N]%IP1 ?AT IS1 BY TRANS=M+ ! CAPITAL EMPLOY$ 9 PRODUCTION 9TO 0SOCIAL0 CAPITAL & AT ! SAME TIME TRANS=M+ A P>T ( ! PR(IT1 9 ! =M ( 9T]E/ ON CAPITAL1 9TO A SIMPLE TITLE ( [N]%IP4 ,IT AGGRAVATES ! ANTAGONISM EXI/+ BETWE5 ! PROP]TY RELATIONS 7[N]%IP7 & ! RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION BY PUTT+ 9TO A SMALL NUMB] ( H&S IMM5SE PRODUCTIVE =CES & EXPROPRIAT+ L>GE NUMB]S ( SMALL CAPITALI/S4 ,LA/LY1 IT AGGRAVATES ! ANTAGONISM EXI/+ BETWE5 SOCIAL *>ACT] ( PRODUCTION & PRIVATE CAPITALI/ [N]%IP BY R5D]+ NECESS>Y ! 9T]V5TION ( ! ,/ATE 9 PRODUCTION4 ,9 %ORT1 CR$IT REPRODUCES ALL ! FUNDAM5TAL ANTAGONISMS ( ! CAPITALI/ WORLD4 ,IT ACC5TUATES !M4 ,IT PRECIPITATES !IR DEVELOPM5T & ?US PU%ES ! CAPITALI/ WORLD =W>D TO ITS [N DE/RUCTION4 ,! PRIME ACT ( CAPITALI/ ADAPTATION1 AS F> AS CR$IT IS CONC]N$1 %\LD REALLY CONSI/ 9 BREAK+ & SUPPRESS+ CR$IT4 ,9 FACT1 CR$IT IS F> FROM BE+ A MEANS ( CAPITALI/ ADAPTATION4 ,IT IS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 A MEANS ( DE/RUCTION ( ! MO/ EXTREME REVOLUTION>Y SIGNIFICANCE4 ,HAS NOT ?IS REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] ( CR$IT ACTUALLY 9SPIR$ PLANS ( 0SOCIALI/0 RE=M8 ,AS SU*1 IT HAS HAD SOME DI/+UI%$ PROPON5TS1 SOME ( :OM 7,ISAAC ,P]EIRA 9 ,FRANCE71 W]E1 AS ,M>X PUT IT1 HALF PROPHETS1 HALF ROGUES4 ,JU/ AS FRAGILE IS ! SECOND 0MEANS ( ADAPTATION03 EMPLOY]S' ORGANIZATIONS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,B]N/E91 SU* ORGANIZATIONS WILL PUT AN 5D TO AN>*Y ( PRODUCTION & DO AWAY ) CRISES ?R\< !IR REGULATION ( PRODUCTION4 ,! MULTIPLE REP]CUSSIONS ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( C>TELS & TRU/S HAVE NOT BE5 CONSID]$ TOO C>EFULLY UP TO N[4 ,BUT !Y PR$ICT A PROBLEM ?AT CAN ONLY BE SOLV$ ) ! AID ( ,M>XI/ !ORY4 ,ONE ?+ IS C]TA94 ,WE C\LD SPEAK ( A DAMM+ UP ( CAPITALI/ AN>*Y ?R\< ! AG5CY ( CAPITALI/ COMB9ES ONLY 9 ! MEASURE ?AT C>TELS1 TRU/S1 ETC41 BECOME1 EV5 APPROXIMATELY1 ! DOM9ANT =M ( PRODUCTION4 ,BUT SU* A POSSIBILITY IS EXCLUD$ BY ! V]Y NATURE ( C>TLES4 ,! F9AL ECONOMIC AIM & RESULT ( COMB9ES IS ! FOLL[+4 ,?R\< ! SUPPRESSION ( COMPETITION 9 A GIV5 BRAN* ( PRODUCTION1 ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! MASS ( PR(IT REALIZ$ ON ! M>KET IS 9FLU5C$ 9 SU* A MANN] ?AT !RE IS AN 9CREASE ( ! %>E GO+ TO ?IS BRAN* ( 9DU/RY4 ,SU* ORGANIZATION ( ! FIELD CAN 9CREASE ! RATE ( PR(IT 9 ONE BRAN* ( 9DU/RY AT ! EXP5SE ( ANO!R4 ,?AT IS PRECISELY :Y IT CANNOT BE G5]ALIZ$1 = :5 IT IS EXT5D$ TO ALL IMPORTANT BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY1 ?IS T5D5CY SUPPRESSES ITS [N 9FLU5CE4 ,FUR!RMORE1 )9 ! LIMITS ( !IR PRACTICAL APPLICATION ! RESULT ( COMB9ES IS ! V]Y OPPOSITE ( SUPPRESSION ( 9DU/RIAL AN>*Y4 ,C>TELS ORD9>ILY SUCCE$ 9 OBTA9+ AN 9CREASE ( PR(IT1 9 ! HOME M>KET1 BY PRODUC+ AT A L[] RATE ( PR(IT = ! =EIGN M>KET1 ?US UTILIZ+ ! SUPPLEM5T>Y PORTIONS ( CAPITAL :I* !Y CANNOT UTILIZE = DOME/IC NE$S4 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 !Y SELL ABROAD *EAP] ?AN AT HOME4 ,! RESULT IS ! %>P5+ ( COMPETITION ABROAD - ! V]Y OPPOSITE ( :AT C]TA9 PEOPLE WANT TO F9D4 ,?AT IS WELL DEMON/RAT$ BY ! HI/ORY ( ! WORLD SUG> 9DU/RY4 ,G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 COMB9ES TREAT$ AS A MANIFE/ATION ( ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION1 CAN ONLY BE CONSID]$ A DEF9ITE PHASE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 ,C>TELS >E FUNDAM5TALLY NO?+ ELSE ?AN A MEANS RESORT$ TO BY ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION = ! PURPOSE ( HOLD+ BACK ! FATAL FALL ( ! RATE ( PR(IT 9 C]TA9 BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION4 ,:AT ME?OD DO C>TELS EMPLOY = ?IS 5D8 ,?AT ( KEEP+ 9ACTIVE A P>T ( ! ACCUMULAT$ CAPITAL4 ,?AT IS1 !Y USE ! SAME ME?OD :I* 9 ANO!R =M IS EMPLOY$ 9 CRISES4 ,! REM$Y & ! ILLNESS RESEMBLE EA* O!R LIKE TWO DROPS ( WAT]4 ,9DE$ ! FIR/ CAN BE CONSID]$ ! LESS] EVIL ONLY UP TO A C]TA9 PO9T4 ,:5 ! \TLETS ( DISPOSAL BEG9 TO %R9K1 & ! WORLD M>KET HAS BE5 EXT5D$ TO ITS LIMIT & HAS BECOME EXHAU/$ ?R\< ! COMPETITION ( ! CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES - & SOON] OR LAT] ?AT IS B\ND TO COME - !N ! =C$ P>TIAL IDL5ESS ( CAPITAL WILL REA* SU* DIM5SIONS ?AT ! REM$Y WILL BECOME TRANS=M$ 9TO A MALADY1 & CAPITAL1 ALREADY PRETTY MU* 0SOCIALIZ$0 ?R\< REGULATION1 WILL T5D TO REV]T AGA9 TO ! =M ( 9DIVIDUAL CAPITAL4 ,9 ! FACE ( ! 9CREAS$ DIFFICULTIES ( F9D+ M>KETS1 EA* 9DIVIDUAL PORTION ( CAPITAL WILL PREF] TO TAKE ITS *ANCES ALONE4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 ! L>GE REGULAT+ ORGANIZATIONS WILL BUR/ LIKE SOAP BUBBLES & GIVE WAY TO AGGRAVAT$ COMPETITION4 ,9 A G5]AL WAY1 C>TELS1 JU/ LIKE CR$IT1 APPE> !RE=E AS A DET]M9$ PHASE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 :I* 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS AGGRAVATES ! AN>*Y ( ! CAPITALI/ WORLD & EXPRESSES & RIP5S ITS 9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS4 ,C>TELS AGGRAVATE ! ANTAGONISM EXI/+ BETWE5 ! MODE ( PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE BY %>P5+ ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! PRODUC] & CONSUM]1 AS IS ! CASE ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,!Y AGGRAVATE1 FUR!RMORE1 ! ANTAGONISM EXI/+ BETWE5 ! MODE ( PRODUCTION & ! MODE ( APPROPRIATION BY OPPOS+1 9 ! MO/ BRUTAL FA%ION1 TO ! WORK+ CLASS ! SUP]IOR =CE ( ORGANIZ$ CAPITAL1 & ?US 9CREAS+ ! ANTAGONISM BETWE5 ,CAPITAL & ,LABOR4 ,F9ALLY1 CAPITALI/ COMB9ATIONS AGGRAVATE ! CONTRADICTION EXI/+ BETWE5 ! 9T]NATIONAL *>ACT] ( CAPITALI/ WORLD ECONOMY & ! NATIONAL *>ACT] ( ! ,/ATE - 9S(> AS !Y >E ALWAYS ACCOMPANI$ BY A G5]AL T>IFF W>1 :I* %>P5S ! DIFF]5CES AMONG ! CAPITALI/ ,/ATES4 ,WE MU/ ADD TO ?IS ! DECID$LY REVOLUTION>Y 9FLU5CE EX]CIS$ BY C>TELS ON ! CONC5TRATION ( PRODUCTION1 TE*NICAL PROGRESS1 ETC4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 :5 EVALUAT$ FROM ! ANGLE ( !IR F9AL EFFECT ON CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 C>TELS & TRU/S FAIL AS 0MEANS ( ADAPTATION40 ,!Y FAIL TO ATT5UATE ! CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITALISM4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y APPE> TO BE AN 9/RUM5T ( GREAT] AN>*Y4 ,!Y 5C\RAGE ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ! 9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITALISM4 ,!Y ACCEL]ATE ! COM+ ( A G5]AL DECL9E ( CAPITALISM4 ,BUT IF ! CR$IT SY/EM1 C>TELS1 & ! RE/ DO NOT SUPPRESS ! AN>*Y ( CAPITALISM1 :Y HAVE WE NOT HAD A MAJOR COMM]CIAL CRISIS = TWO DECADES1 S9CE #a#h#g#c8 ,IS ?IS NOT A SIGN ?AT1 CONTR>Y TO ,M>X'S ANALYSIS ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION HAS ADAPT$ ITSELF - AT LEA/1 9 A G5]AL WAY - TO ! NE$S ( SOCIETY8 ,H>DLY HAD ,B]N/E9 REJECT$1 9 #a#h#i#h1 ,M>X'S !ORY ( CRISES1 :5 A PR(\ND G5]AL CRISIS BROKE \T 9 #a#i1 :ILE SEV5 YE>S LAT]1 A NEW CRISIS BEG9N+ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 HIT ! WORLD M>KET4 ,FACTS PROV$ ! !ORY ( 0ADAPTATION0 TO BE FALSE4 ,!Y %[$ AT ! SAME TIME ?AT ! PEOPLE :O AB&ON$ ,M>X'S !ORY ( CRISIS ONLY BECAUSE NO CRISIS OCCURR$ )9 A C]TA9 SPACE ( TIME M]ELY CONFUS$ ! ESS5CE ( ?IS !ORY ) ONE ( ITS SECOND>Y EXT]IOR ASPECTS - ! T5-YE> CYCLE4 ,! DESCRIPTION ( ! CYCLE ( MOD]N CAPITALI/ 9DU/RY AS A T5-YE> P]IOD WAS TO ,M>X & ,5GELS1 9 #ahf & #a#h#g1 ONLY A SIMPLE /ATEM5T ( FACTS4 ,IT WAS NOT BAS$ ON A NATURAL LAW BUT ON A S]IES ( GIV5 HI/ORIC CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT W]E CONNECT$ ) ! RAPIDLY SPREAD+ ACTIVITY ( Y\NG CAPITALISM4 ,! CRISIS ( #ahbe WAS 9 EFFECT1 ! RESULT ( EXT5SIVE 9VE/M5T ( CAPITAL 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( ROADS1 CANALS1 GAS WORKS1 :I* TOOK PLACE DUR+ ! PREC$+ DECADE1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,5GL&1 :]E ! CRISIS BROKE \T4 ,! FOLL[+ CRISIS ( #a#h#c#f-#a#h#c#i WAS SIMIL>LY ! RESULT ( HEAVY 9VE/M5TS 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( MEANS ( TRANSPORTATION4 ,! CRISIS ( #ahdg WAS PROVOK$ BY ! FEV]I% BUILD+ ( RAILROADS 9 ,5GL& 7FROM #ahdd TO #a#h#d#g1 9 ?REE YE>S1 ! ,BRITI% ,P>LIAM5T GAVE RAILWAY CONCESSIONS TO ! VALUE ( #ae BILLION DOLL>S74 ,9 EA* ( ! ?REE M5TION$ CASES1 A CRISIS CAME AFT] NEW BASES = CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T W]E E/ABLI%$4 ,9 #a#h#e#g1 ! SAME RESULT WAS BR\KETS = ,EUROPEAN 9DU/RY 9 ,AM]ICA & ,AU/RALIA1 AFT] ! DISCOV]Y ( ! GOLD M9ES1 & ! EXT5SIVE CON/RUCTION ( RAILWAY L9ES1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,FRANCE1 :]E ! EXAMPLE ( ,5GL& WAS !N CLOSELY IMITAT$4 7,FROM #aheb TO #a#h#e#f1 NEW RAILWAY L9ES TO ! VALUE ( #a1#b#e MILLION FRANCS W]E BUILT 9 ,FRANCE ALONE74 ,& F9ALLY WE HAVE ! GREAT CRISIS ( #ahgc - A DIRECT CONSEQU5CE ( ! FIRM BOOM ( L>GE 9DU/RY 9 ,G]MANY & ,AU/RIA1 :I* FOLL[$ ! POLITICAL EV5TS ( #ahff & #a#h#g#a4 ,SO ?AT UP TO N[1 ! SUDD5 EXT5SION ( ! DOMA9 ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 & NOT ITS %R9K+1 WAS EA* TIME ! CAUSE ( ! COMM]CIAL CRISIS4 ,?AT ! 9T]NATIONAL CRISIS REPEAT$ !MSELVES PRECISELY EV]Y T5 YE>S WAS A PURELY EXT]IOR FACT1 A MATT] ( *ANCE4 ,! ,M>XI/ =MULA = CRISES AS PRES5T$ BY ,5GELS 9 ,ANTI-,DUHR+ & BY ,M>X 9 ! FIR/ & ?IRD VOLUMES ( ,CAPITAL1 APPLIES TO ALL CRISES ONLY 9 ! MEASURE ?AT IT UNCOV]S !IR 9T]NATIONAL ME*ANISM & !IR G5]AL BASIC CAUSES4 ,CRISES MAY REPEAT !MSELVES EV]Y FIVE OR T5 YE>S1 OR EV5 EV]Y EIS4 ,BUT :AT PROVES BE/ ! FALS5ESS ( ,B]N/E9'S !ORY IS ?AT IT IS 9 ! C\NTRIES HAV+ ! GREATE/ DEVELOPM5T ( ! FAM\S 0MEANS ( ADAPTATION0 - CR$IT1 P]FECT$ COMMUNICATIONS & TRU/S - ?AT ! LA/ CRISIS 7#a#i#g-#a#i#h7 WAS MO/ VIOL5T4 ,! BELIEF ?AT CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION C\LD 0ADAPT0 ITSELF TO EX*ANGE PRESUPPOSES ONE ( TWO ?+S3 EI!R ! WORLD M>KET CAN SPREAD UNLIMIT$LY1 OR ON ! CONTR>Y ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES IS SO FETT]$ ?AT IT CANNOT PASS BEYOND ! B\NDS ( ! M>KET4 ,! FIR/ HYPO!SIS CON/ITUTES A MAT]IAL IMPOSSIBILITY4 ,! SECOND IS R5D]$ JU/ AS IMPOSSIBLE BY ! CON/ANT TE*NICAL PROGRESS ?AT DAILY CREATES NEW PRODUCTIVE =CES 9 ALL BRAN*ES4 ,!RE REMA9S /ILL ANO!R PH5OM5ON :I*1 SAYS ,B]N/E91 CONTRADICTS ! C\RSE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T AS IT IS 9DICAT$ ABOVE4 ,9 ! 0/EADFA/ PHALANX0 ( MIDDLE-SIZE 5T]PRISES1 ,B]N/E9 SEES A SIGN ?AT ! DEVELOPM5T ( L>GE 9DU/RY DOES NOT MOVE 9 A REVOLUTION>Y DIRECTION1 & IS NOT AS EFFECTIVE FROM ! ANGLE ( ! CONC5TRATION ( 9DU/RY AS WAS EXPECT$ BY ! 0!ORY0 ( COLLAPSE4 ,HE IS H]E1 H[EV]1 ! VICTIM ( HIS [N LACK ( UND]/&+4 ,= TO SEE ! PROGRESSIVE DISAPPE>ANCE ( L>GE 9DU/RY IS TO MISUND]/& SADLY ! NATURE ( ?IS PROCESS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,M>XI/ !ORY1 SMALL CAPITALI/S PLAY 9 ! G5]AL C\RSE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T ! ROLE ( PIONE]S ( TE*NICAL *ANGE4 ,!Y POSSESS ?AT ROLE 9 A D\BLE S5SE4 ,!Y 9ITIATE NEW ME?ODS ( PRODUCTION 9 WELL-E/ABLI%$ BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY2 !Y >E 9/RUM5TAL 9 ! CREATION ( NEW BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION NOT YET EXPLOIT$ BY ! BIG CAPITALI/4 ,IT IS FALSE TO IMAG9E ?AT ! HI/ORY ( ! MIDDLE-SIZE CAPITALI/ E/ABLI%M5TS PROCE$S RECTIL9E>LY 9 ! DIRECTION ( !IR PROGRESSIVE DISAPPE>ANCE4 ,! C\RSE ( ?IS DEVELOPM5T IS ON ! CONTR>Y PURELY DIALECTICAL & MOVES CON/ANTLY AMONG CONTRADICTIONS4 ,! MIDDLE CAPITALI/ LAY]S F9D !MSELVES1 JU/ LIKE ! WORK]S1 UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( TWO ANTAGONI/IC T5D5CIES1 ONE ASC5DANT1 ! O!R DESC5DANT4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 ! DESC5DANT T5D5CY IS ! CONT9U$ RISE ( ! SCALE ( PRODUCTION1 :I* OV]FL[S P]IODICALLY ! DIM5SIONS ( ! AV]AGE SIZE P>CELS ( CAPITAL & REMOVES !M REPEAT$LY FROM ! T]RA9 ( WORLD COMPETITION4 ,! ASC5DANT T5D5CY IS1 FIR/1 ! P]IODIC DEPRECIATION ( ! EXI/+ CAPITAL1 :I* L[]S AGA91 = A C]TA9 TIME1 ! SCALE ( PRODUCTION 9 PROPORTION TO ! VALUE ( ! NECESS>Y M9IMUM AM\NT ( CAPITAL4 ,IT IS REPRES5T$1 BESIDES1 BY ! P5ETRATION ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION 9TO NEW SPH]ES4 ,! /RUGGLE ( ! AV]AGE SIZE 5T]PRISE AGA9/ BIG ,CAPITAL CANNOT BE CONSID]$ A REGUL>LY PROCE$+ BATTLE 9 :I* ! TROOPS ( ! WEAK] P>TY CONT9UE TO MELT AWAY DIRECTLY & QUANTITATIVELY4 ,IT %\LD BE RA!R REG>D$ AS A P]IODIC M[+ D[N ( ! SMALL 5T]PRISES1 :I* RAPIDLY GR[ UP AGA91 ONLY TO BE M[$ D[N ONCE MORE BY L>GE 9DU/RY4 ,! TWO T5D5CIES PLAY BALL ) ! MIDDLE CAPITALI/ LAY]S4 ,! DESC5D+ T5D5CY MU/ W9 9 ! 5D4 ,! V]Y OPPOSITE IS TRUE AB\T ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! VICTORY ( ! DESC5D+ T5D5CY MU/ NOT NECESS>ILY %[ ITSELF 9 AN ABSOLUTE NUM]ICAL DIM9UTION ( ! MIDDLE-SIZE 5T]PRISES4 ,IT MU/ %[ ITSELF1 FIR/ 9 ! PROGRESSIVE 9CREASE ( ! M9IMUM AM\NT ( CAPITAL NECESS>Y = ! FUNCTION+ ( ! 5T]PRISES 9 ! OLD BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION2 SECOND 9 ! CON/ANT DIM9UTION ( ! 9T]VAL ( TIME DUR+ :I* ! SMALL CAPITALI/S CONS]VE ! OPPORTUNITY TO EXPLOIT ! NEW BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION4 ,! RESULT AS F> AS ! SMALL CAPITALI/ IS CONC]N$1 IS A PROGRESSIVELY %ORT] DURATION ( HIS /AY 9 ! NEW 9DU/RY & A PROGRESSIVELY MORE RAPID *ANGE 9 ! ME?ODS ( PRODUCTION AS A FIELD = 9VE/M5T4 ,= ! AV]AGE CAPITALI/ /RATA1 TAK5 AS A :OLE1 !RE IS A PROCESS ( MORE & MORE RAPID SOCIAL ASSIMILATION & DISSIMILATION4 ,B]N/E9 KN[S ?IS P]FECTLY WELL4 ,HE HIMSELF COMM5TS ON ?IS4 ,BUT :AT HE SEEMS TO =GET IS ?AT ?IS V]Y ?+ IS ! LAW ( ! MOVEM5T ( ! AV]AGE CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISE4 ,IF ONE ADMITS ?AT SMALL CAPITALI/S >E PIONE]S ( TE*NICAL PROGRESS1 & IF IT TRUE ?AT ! LATT] IS ! VITAL PULSE ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 !N IT IS MANIFE/ ?AT SMALL CAPITALI/S >E AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 :I* CAN ONLY DISAPPE> TOGE!R ) IT .4 ,! PROGRESSIVE DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! MIDDLE-SIZE 5T]PRISE - 9 ! ABSOLUTE S5SE CONSID]$ BY ,B]N/E9 - MEANS NOT1 AS HE ?9KS1 ! REVOLUTION>Y C\RSE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 BUT PRECISELY ! CONTR>Y1 ! CESSATION1 ! SL[+ UP ( DEVELOPM5T4 0,! RATE ( PR(IT1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! RELATIVE 9CREASE ( CAPITAL10 SAID ,M>X1 0IS IMPORTANT FIR/ ( ALL = NEW 9VE/ORS ( CAPITAL1 GR\P+ !MSELVES 9DEP5D5TLY4 ,& AS SOON AS ! =MATION ( CAPITAL FALLS EXCLUSIVELY 9TO A H&FUL ( BIG CAPITALI/S1 ! REVIVIFY+ FIRE ( PRODUCTION IS EXT+UI%$4 ,IT DIES AWAY40 ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,M>* #e1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/