,*APT] #h 
,SCI5CE & ,ANTI-SCI5CE3 ,ANY?+ GOES 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #h3 ,SCI5CE & ANTI-SCI5CE3 ANY?+ GOES 

  

,PO/MOD]NISM IS A CONCEPT ?AT HAS BE5 APPLI$ NOT ONLY TO PHILOSOPHY BUT TO >*ITECTURAL1 LIT]>Y1 CULTURAL1 & BEHAVIORAL /YLES AS WELL4 ,TO BE PO/MOD]N IS TO BE 'HIP' TODAY1 TO AN EXT5T ?AT ! WORD HAS BECOME P>T ( ! V]Y CONTEMPOR>Y CULTURE IT PR(ESSES TO CRITICIZE4 ,?IS MI<T R5D] IT QUITE H>MLESS1 9DE$ LUDICR\S1 W]E IT NOT = ITS IMPACT ON :AT HAS BE5 CALL$ ! SOCIOLOGY ( SCI5CE4 ,9 ! SCI5TIFIC REALM1 RELATIVI/IC MOODS N\RI%$ BY PO/MOD]NISM'S ANTIHUMANISM >E CORROSIVE NOT ONLY ( POPUL> ATTITUDES T[>D SCI5TIFIC RESE>* BUT1 AS WE %ALL SEE %ORTLY1 T[>D REASON ITSELF4 

,BY SCI5CE1 LET ME EMPHASIZE1 ,I AM REF]R+ TO ! REAL /UFF3 PHYSICS1 *EMI/RY1 BIOLOGY1 PHYSICAL AN?ROPOLOGY1 & !IR (FSPR+1 SU* AS A/ROPHYSICS1 BIO*EMI/RY1 MOLECUL> BIOLOGY1 & >*AEOLOGY4 ,:AT M9IMALLY DEF9ES !SE DISCIPL9ES AS SCI5CES IS ! FACT ?AT !Y PRESUPPOSE ?AT EXT]NAL REALITY IS RELATIVELY ORD]LY1 & MANY ( ITS FACETS OR LEVELS ( DEVELOPM5T CAN BE DISCOV]$ & SY/EMIZ$ 9TO V]IFIABLE1 TE/ABLE1 & PR$ICTABLE LAWS1 :I* 9 TURN MAY HAVE A DIRECT PRACTICAL APPLICATION TO HUMAN NE$S & DESIRES4 

,/UDIES ( SOCIETY1 HUMAN BEHAVIOR1 ECONOMICS1 & ! LIKE1 ?AT DEAL MORE ) ! SPECULATIVE UNC]TA9TIES ( !ORY ?AN ) ! MORE TANGIBLE FACTS ( ! NATURAL WORLD1 >E SO DEP5D5T UPON VAG>IES ( HUMAN VOLITION & >BITR>Y HUMAN 9T]ACTIONS ?AT !Y CAN BE CALL$ SCI5CES ONLY BY UND]M9+ ! 9TEGRITY ( SCI5CES DEP5D5T UPON LAWFUL & PR$ICTABLE BEHAVIOR4 ,TO REG>D 'SOCIAL /UDIES'1 9CLUD+ ECONOMICS1 SOCIOLOGY1 & PSY*OLOGY AS 'SCI5CES' IS TO MAKE ! WORD & ITS CRIT]IA = TRU? MEAN+LESS4.<#b#h#g.> 

,NOR %\LD SCI5CE1 LET ME EMPHASIZE1 BE CONFUS$ ) SCI5TISM4 ,SCI5TISM IS A /ATE ( M9D OR EV5 A CRE$ ?AT CLAIMS ?AT ! SCI5TIFIC TE*NIQUES & CRIT]IA US$ TYPICALLY 9 PHYSICS CAN BE APPLI$ TO ALL DOMA9S ( KN[L$GE & HUMAN ACTIVITY4 ,ADVANC+ ! IDEA ?AT ! FULL WEAL? ( EXP]I5CE CAN BE 5COMPASS$ BY SCI5TIFIC ANALYSIS1 ) A VIEW T[>D A*IEV+ ! EFFECTIVE CONTROL 7RATIONALIZATION7 ( HUMAN BE+S AS WELL AS ! NATURAL WORLD1 IT EMPHASIZES EFFICI5CY & VALUE-FREE 'OBJECTIVITY' 9 SOCIAL AFFAIRS4 ,AL?\< SCI5TISM HAS BE5 PREVAL5T OV] ! PA/ TWO C5TURIES1 IT IS A NAIVE FAIL+ ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T ?9K]S & ( MANY N9ETE5?-C5TURY WRIT]S ON SOCIAL !ORY & POLITICS1 EV5 ,UTOPIANS LIKE ,*>LES ,F\RI] -- A FAIL+ ?AT P]SI/S 9 WORDS LIKE SOCIAL SCI5CE & POLITICAL SCI5CE4 

,! DI/9CTION BETWE5 SCI5CE & SCI5TISM %\LD BE /RONGLY EMPHASIZ$1 S9CE ! TWO >E V]Y COMMONLY CONFUS$1 ) ! RESULT ?AT SCI5CE AS SU* IS BLAM$ = ! H>MFUL EFFECTS ( SCI5TISM ON SOCIAL LIFE1 NOTABLY = FO/]+ ! DEHUMANIZATION & ME*ANIZATION ( EV]YDAY LIFE4 

,! DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 SCI5CE & SCI5TISM BE> DIRECTLY ON ! 'SOCIOLOGIES ( SCI5CE' ?AT >E FA%IONABLE TODAY4 ,PO/MOD]NI/S & ANTIHUMANI/S ALIKE MAKE A /RONG PO9T :5 !Y CRITICIZE ! 'SCI5TIZATION'1 MORE PROP]LY ! RATIONALIZATION ( EV]YDAY LIFE & WORK4 ,SU* CRITICISMS HAVE BE5 MADE = G5]ATIONS -- NOT EXCLUSIVELY BY ! ROMANTICS FROM :OM ANTIHUMANI/S DRAW SO MU* ( !IR 9SPIRATION BUT ALSO BY HUMANI/IC SOCIAL ?9K]S1 FROM ,M>X & ,MAX ,WEB] TO ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS & ,H]B]T ,M>CUSE4 

,:AT GAVE A MAJOR IMPETUS TO PO/MOD]NI/ & ANTIHUMANI/ ASSAULTS ON ! OBJECTIVITY ( SCI5CE WAS ,?OMAS ,S4 ,KUHN'S ,! ,/RUCTURE ( ,SCI5TIFIC ,REVOLUTIONS1 9ITIALLY PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#f#b.<#b#h#h.> -- A WORK ?AT ,PAUL ,HOYN+5-,HU5E1 9 HIS SURVEY ( ,KUHN'S 'PHILOSOPHY ( SCI5CE'1 HAS DESCRIB$ AS 'AMONG ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL ACADEMIC BOOKS ( ! PA/ QU>T]-C5TURY'1 ONE ?AT 'HAS GIV5 RISE TO :AT IS N[ AN UNMANAGEABLY VA/ SECOND>Y LIT]ATURE'4.<#b#h#i.> 

,AN ESS5TIAL !SIS ( ,KUHN'S BOOK IS ?AT ! SCI5TIFIC UND]/&+ ( TRU? & ITS ADVANCES COME 9 P>ADIGMS1 BY :I* HE MEANS C]TA9 'UNIV]SALLY RECOGNIZ$ SCI5TIFIC A*IEVEM5TS ?AT = A TIME PROVIDE MODEL PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS TO A COMMUNITY ( PRACTITION]S'4.<#b#i.> ,MAJOR SCI5TIFIC 'REVOLUTIONS' CONSI/ NOT SIMPLY ( PIECEMEAL ACCRETIONS ( !ORIES & FACTS2 RA!R1 !Y >E RADICAL 'P>ADIGM %IFTS' ?AT >E BR\<T AB\T :5 A PREVAIL+ SCI5TIFIC CONS5SUS *ANGES4 ,A NEW CONS5SUS MAY BE CAUS$ BY ! APPE>ANCE ( MORE EXPLANATORY HYPO!SES & SUPPORTIVE DATA = !M1 OR EV5 BY M]E SW+S ( OP9ION AMONG SCI5TI/S !MSELVES4 

,AFT] A SUFFICI5TLY L>GE NUMB] ( 'ANOMALIES' EM]GE 9 ! 'NORMAL SCI5CE' ?AT M>KS AN E/ABLI%$ P>ADIGM1 A 'NEW P>ADIGM' IS CALL$ = ?AT1 9 EFFECT1 CON/ITUTES AN 5TIRELY NEW WAY ( ?9K+ AB\T A SPECIFIC FIELD ( SCI5CE -- AFT] :I* A NEW 'NORMAL SCI5CE' CONSOLIDATES ITSELF )9 ! NEWLY ACCEPT$ P>ADIGM4 ,SPECIFICALLY1 ,KUHN'S BOOK EXAM9ES ! CONS]VATIVE BEHAVIOR ( SCI5TIFIC COMMUNITIES OV] HI/ORY3 !IR T5D5CY TO HOLD ON TO ! PREVAIL+ 'P>ADIGM'4 ,KUHN1 :OSE DEF9ITION ( A P>ADIGM IS FAIRLY RE/RICT$1 CAN H>DLY BE HELD RESPONSIBLE = ! FACT ?AT ! WORD HAS BE5 EXP&$ TO MEAN A V]ITABLE WORLD \TLOOK BY ,NEW ,AG]S1 DEEP ECOLOGI/S1 & O!R IDEOLOGICAL *ILDR5 ( ! #a#i#fS 'C\NT]CULTURE'4 

,BUT TO :AT EXT5T DID ,KUHN LAY ! BASIS = A 'SOCIOLOGY' OR 'PHILOSOPHY ( SCI5CE'8 

,! SIZABLE LIT]ATURE ?AT HAS GR[N UP >\ND ,KUHN'S WRIT+S V>I\SLY *>ACT]IZES HIS VIEWS AS NEO-,KANTIAN1 PH5OM5OLOGICAL1 EMPIRICAL1 & 9 A BROAD S5SE PO/MOD]NI/4 ,BUT A CLOS] LOOK AT ,! ,/RUCTURE ( ,SCI5TIFIC ,REVOLUTIONS SUGGE/S ?AT IT IS L>GELY A PSY*OLOGICAL@& ACC\NT ( H[ SCI5CE UND]GOES 'REVOLUTIONS' OR 'P>ADIGM %IFTS'4 ,IT IS DECID$LY  
NOT A /UDY 9 EPI/EMOLOGY1 /ILL LESS AN ANALYSIS OR MODIFICATION ('SCI5TIFIC ME?OD'4  

,KUHN HIMSELF HAS NOT BE5 %Y AB\T CIT+ ! PSY*OLOGI/S :O 9SPIR$ A GOOD MANY ( HIS REFLECTIONS1 NOTABLY ',JEAN ,PIAGET .<:O.> HAS ILLUM9AT$ BO? ! V>I\S WODDS ( ! GR[+ *ILD & ! PROCESS ( TRANSITION FROM ONE TO ! NEXT'2 SIMILADY1 HIS READ+ ('PAP]S 9 ! PSY*OLOGY ( P]CEPTION1 P>TICUL>LY .<?OSE (.> ! ,GE/ALT PSY*OLOGI/S4' ,HE ALSO CR$ITS ! 9FLU5CE ( ,B4 ,L4 ,:OD'S 'SPECULATIONS AB\T ! EFFECT ( LANGUAGE ON WORLD VIEW' & ,W4,V4,O4 ,QU9E'S 'PHILOSOPHICAL PUZZLES ( ! ANALYTIC-SYN!TIC DI/9CTION'1 :I* APPE> TO HAVE S5SITIZ$ HIM TO PSY*OLOGICAL BEHAVIOR RA!R ?AN A PHILOSOPHICAL \TLOOK4.<#b#i#a.> 

,SO F> AS ! ME?ODOLOGIES ( SCI5CE >E CONC]N$1 ,KUHN'S CONTRIBUTIONS HAVE L>GELY BE5 M>G9AL & DESCRIPTIVE4 ,KUHN1 9 FACT1 DID NOT WRITE A BOOK ON 'SCI5TIFIC ME?OD'1 DESPITE ! G5]AL MISCONCEPTIONS ON ?IS SCORE4 ,EXPLORATIONS AB\T ! M]ITS ( 9DUCTION & D$UCTION DATE BACK TO ,>I/OTIE'S DAY1 SOME #b1#c YE>S AGO1 & W]E =MALIZ$ DUR+ ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES BY ,*RI/IAN S*OLA/ICS4 ,! IMPORTANCE ( EXP]IM5TATION 7,FRANCIS ,BACON71 ( COMB9+ SPECULATIVE HYPO!SES ) A D$UCTIVE APPROA* 7,WILLIAM ,:EWELL71 & ( US+ CANONS ( AGREEM5T & DIFF]5CE TO DET]M9E ! CAUSES ( NATURAL PH5OM5A 7,JOHN ,/U>T ,MILL7 -- ALL ( !SE ME?ODOLOGICAL PO9TS HAVE A LONG P$IGREE4 ,9 REC5T TIMES1 EV5 MORE SOPHI/ICAT$ & AB/RUSE VIEWS ( SCI5TIFIC ME?OD W]E ADVANC$ BY ! LOGICAL POSITIVI/ PR9CIPLE ( V]IFIABILITY & ,K>L ,POPP]'S ME?OD ( FALSIFICATION1 :I* CONT5DS ?AT A SCI5TIFIC HYPO!SIS HAS TO BE CAPABLE ( BE+ PROV5 FALSE BE=E IT IS WOR?Y ( CONSID]ATION AS POSSIBLY TRUE4 

,KUHN DOES NOT 5GAGE !SE ME?ODOLOGICAL ISSUES4 ,RA!R1 HE EXAM9ES H[ SCI5TI/S COME TO ACCEPT 'NORMAL SCI5CE' 9 !IR SPECIFIC FIELDS1 H[ !Y CONS]VATIVELY TRY TO 9TEGRATE ANOMALIES' 9TO A DOM9ANT P>ADIGM1 H[ ALT]NATIVE P>ADIGMS ?AT DEAL MORE ADEQUATELY ) TR\BL+ ANOMALIES %AKE !M 9TO D\BT1 & F9ALLY H[ SCI5TI/S UND]GO A K9D ( 'RELIGI\S CONV]SION' OR 'POLITICAL REVOLUTION' 7,KUHN'S [N EXPRESSIONS7 9 A*IEV+ A '%IFT' FROM AN OLD P>ADIGM TO A NEW ONE4 

,ESS5TIALLY :AT ,KUHN %[S IS ?AT SCI5TI/S >E LIKE MO/ PEOPLE4 ,F> FROM BE+ OMNISCI5T & OBJECTIVE 9TELLECTUAL M&>9S1 !Y >E TYPICAL HUMAN BE+S4 ,LIKE MO/ PEOPLE1 !Y T5D TO RESI/ *ANGE :5 !Y HAVE BE5 S*OOL$ 9TO A SPECIFIC P>ADIGM OR \TLOOK4 ,!Y QU>REL 7SOMETIMES QUITE UNREASONABLY7 OV] ! VALIDITY & SIGNIFICANCE ( OBVI\S ANOMALIES ?AT *ALL5GE 5TR5*$ BELIEFS4 ,!Y 5T] 9TO 'CRISES' AB\T ! COMPET+ VIEWS !Y FACE2 BUT 9 TIME !Y ACCEPT A NEW P>ADIGM AS 'NORMAL SCI5CE' -- UNTIL !Y >E OBLIG$ TO UND]GO ! AGONIES ( ANO!R P>ADIGM %IFT4 ,!Y >E SUBJECT TO ALL ! FI]Y PASSIONS1 CONDITION$ REFLEXES1 5TR5*$ CU/OMS1 M5TAL BLOCKS1 & AGONI/IC COMPULSIONS ?AT M>K ORD9>Y HUMAN BEHAVIOR4 

,YET AFT] ALL IS SAID & DONE -- & ,KUHN GIVES IT LITDE ATT5TION -- !Y SIGNIFICANTLY DO SOME?+ ELSE ?AT IS NOT FRIVOL\S4 ,9 CONTRA/ TO RELIGI\S FANATICS1 BEFOGG$ MY/ICS1 & CONFIRM$ ANTI-RATIONALI/S1 SCI5TI/S >E  
OBLIG$ TO RESPOND1 SOON] OR LAT]1 TO ! IMP]ATIVES ( FACTS1 LOGICAL 9F]5CES1 & RATIONAL EVALUATION4 ,!Y MAY NOT FOLL[ 'SCI5TIFIC ME?OD'1 9 ALL ( !IR EXP]IM5TAL PROC$URES2 BUT M9IMALLY !Y HAVE TO PROVE !IR CLAIMS MA!MATICALLY1 EXP]IM5TALLY1 OR BO?1 )\T REC\RSE TO SUP]NATURAL OR MY/ICAL FACTORS4 

,9 ?IS CONNECTION1 ! V>I\S SPECIFIC SCI5TIFIC ME?ODS -- 9DUCTIVE1 D$UCTIVE1 OR HYPO!TICO-D$UCTIVE -- >E NOT M]ELY A SET ( PROC$URES = >RIV+ AT ! TRU? ( A GIV5 HYPO!SIS4 ,V]Y SIGNIFICANTLY1 !Y S]VE TO SUPPORT L>G] EXP]IM5TAL CRIT]IA = E/ABLI%+ ! VALIDITY ( SCI5TIFIC HYPO!SES4 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 NO MATT] H[ SCI5TI/S >RIVE AT !IR HYPO!SES -- :E!R ?R\< 9TUITION1 *IT-*AT1 DREAMS1 FANTASIES1 OR SY/EMATIC ?9K+ -- !Y MU/ SUBJECT !M TO C>EFULLY =MULAT$1 EXP]IM5TAL1 & LOGICAL /&>DS ( PRO( BE=E !IR HYPO!SES >E ACCEPTABLE 9 ! SCI5TIFIC WORLD4 

,NOR HAVE !SE CRIT]IA -- ) !IR DEM&+ NATURALISM1 REALITY PR9CIPLE1 & LOGICAL CONSI/5CY -- BE5 SURPASS$ BY ANY ( ! CRIT]IA ADVANC$ BY ! SUP]NATURAL & MY/ICAL CRITICS ( SCI5CE1 /ILL LESS BY GOSSIPY PO/MOD]NI/ & ANTIHUMANI/ ACC\NTS ( 'H[' SCI5TI/S BEHAVE 9 & \T ( !IR LABORATORIES1 LIBR>IES1 CLASS ROOMS1 CONF]5CE ROOMS1 CAFET]IAS1 OR B$ROOMS4 

,9 %ORT1 :AT WE (T5 CALL SCI5TIFIC ME?OD -- AN IDEAL PROC$URE AT BE/ -- MI<T MORE APPROPRIATELY BE CALL$ SCI5TIFIC CRIT]IA -- NAMELY1 /&>DS ( PRO( ?AT1 H[EV] IDIOSYNCRATICALLY SCI5TI/S >RIVE AT !IR CONCLUSIONS1 /ILL OBLIGE !M TO =MULATE !M AS V]IFIABLE -- NOT 9TUITIVE OR MY/ICAL -- SPECULATIONS & FACTS4 

,KUHN1 TO BE QUITE FAIR1 WAS NOT SO CRUDE AS TO EXPLORE ! PRIVATE FIVES ( SCI5TI/S 9 ,! ,/RUCTURE ( ,SCI5TIFIC ,REVOLUTIONS4 ,RA!R1 HE EXAM9$ H[1 AS A COMMUNITY1 SCI5TI/S (T5 CONFRONT ANOMALIES 9 'NORMAL SCI5CE' 1 NEW P>ADIGMS1 & P>ADIGM %IFTS4 ,ALAS1 ,MS DEMON/RATION ?AT SCI5TI/S COMMONLY DO NOT FOLL[ /EP-BY-/EP PROC$URES BAS$ ON ICY CANONS ( OBJECTIVITY T\*$ (F A LIT]ATURE ?AT WAS 9T5D$ TO SUBV]T SCI5TIFIC ME?ODS ( V]IFICATION AS SU*1 9DE$ ( ! 9TEGRITY ( SCI5CE AS A S\RCE ( KN[L$GE AB\T ! REAL WORLD4 

,! PASSIONATE 5DEAVOR ( MANY ANTIHUMANI/S -- P>TICUL>LY ,NEW ,AGE MY/ICS1 ANTI-RATIONALI/S1 SELF-/YL$ 'C\NT]CULTURALI/S' 1 & PO/MOD]NI/S -- TO D5Y ! CAPACITY ( SCI5CE TO EXPLA9 EV5 LIMIT$ ASPECTS ( REALITY HAS G5]AT$ A /ORMY DEBATE ?AT ACTUALLY TURNS MORE ON H[ SCI5TI/S DO SCI5CE RA!R ?AN ! CRIT]IA = SCI5TIFIC V]IFICATION4 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 ! DEBATE FOCUSES ON ! 'IDIOSYNCRATIC' WAY 9 WLII* SCI5TI/S 5GAGE 9 DO+ SCI5CE 9/EAD ( ON ! ULTIMATE CRIT]IA ?AT JU/IFY OR DISQUALIFY !IR WORK4 ,9 AN IDEOLOGICAL LEAP ?AT CAN BE REG>D$ AS AN AMAZ+ NON-SEQUITUR1 ANTIHUMANI/S (T5 USE !SE SCI5TIFIC BEHAVIORAL IDIOSYNCRASIES TO REA* ! FACILE CONCLUSION ?AT SCI5CE ITSELF IS A MY?4 

,ONE W\LD SUPPOSE ?AT ANTIHUMAM/S :O /AKE \T T9S CRASSLY ILLOGICAL CLAIM MI<T !REAFT] WELCOME SCI5CE 9TO !IR FOLD1 9ASMU* AS ! PROC$URE !Y IMPUTE TO SCI5TI/S CLOSELY RESEMBLES ! 9TELLECTUAL *AOS ?AT M>KS !IR [N FIELDS1 V>I\SLY ,TAOISM1 ,BUDD,MSM1 & A POT-P\RRI ( ,CALI=NIAN & ,/ONEH5GE MY/ICISMS4 

,?IS PH5OM5ON1 LET ME NOTE1 IS NOT /RICTLY ,AM]ICAN OR ,BRITI%2 IT HAS F\ND A RI* SPAWMNG GR\ND 9 ,P>IS1 ! HOME ( PO/MOD]MSM & ITS 'DISC\RSE' 4 ,= ITS RIS+ />1 ,BRUNO ,LAT\R1 ! CONFUSION BETWE5 H[ SCI5TI/S BEHAVE & :AT !Y DISCOV] HAS G5]AT$ A PO/MOD]M/ UPRO>4 ,LAT\R1 A PR(ESSOR AT ! ,ECOLE ,NATIONALE ,SUP]IEURE DES ,M9ES 9 ,P>IS1 GA9$ A MEASURE ( REPUTE AS AN 'AN?ROPOLOGI/' ( SCI5CE :51 9 COLLABORATION ) ,/EVE ,WOOLG>1 A ,BRITI% 'SOCIOLOGI/' 1 HE PRODUC$ A 'FIELD /UDY' -- ,LABORATORY ,LIFE3 ,! ,CON/RUCTION ( ,SCI5TIFIC ,FACTS -- ?AT DESCRIBES ! BEHAVIOR ( SCI5TI/S AT ! ,SALK ,9/ITUTE = ,BIOLOGICAL ,/UDIES AT ,LA ,JOLLA1 ,CALI=,MA4.<#b#i#b.> ,LAT\R SEEMS TO HAVE DONE MO/ ( ! 'FIELDWORK' 1 GO+ 9TO ! JUNGLES ( A SCI5TIFIC LABORATORY ) ! M5TAL \TLOOK ( A ,FRANZ ,BOAS OR A ,CLAUDE ,LEVI-,/RAUSS4 ,AT TIMES HE ASSI/$ 9 SCI5TIFIC RESE>* & 9T]VIEW$ ! SCI5TI/S & MEMB]S ( ! ,9/ITUTE1 AS WELL AS LI/5+ TO !M & OBS]V+ !IR 9T]ACTIONS4 

,CLE>LY 9FLU5C$ BY ,KUHN'S BOOK1 ,LAT\R F\ND PRECISELY :AT HE WAS LOOK+ = -- NAMELY1 ?AT SCI5TI/S BEHAVE LIKE HUMAN BE+S4 ,DESIGNAT+ ! ,9/ITUTE'S SCI5TI/S AS A 'TRIBE'1 \R FIELDWORK] NOTES ?AT EV]Y FEW M9UTES HIS SUBJECTS EX*ANGE REM>KS AB\T A NEW SCI5TIFIC PAP] H]E1 AN OLD ONE !RE1 & A NEW WORD-(-M\? SCI5TIFIC F9D+ ELSE:]E2 9 %ORT1 H[ !Y 9T]ACT ) EA* O!R1 NOT UNLIKE GIFT$ PRIMATES 9 A CAGE4 

,AS ! TRIVIAL OBS]VATIONS ( \R WOR?Y 'AN?ROPOLOGI/' M\NT 9 NUMB]1 HE P]CEIVES DESC5T FROM 'ORD] TO DISORD]'1 9 :I* '! R\T9E WORK C>RI$ \T' 9 ! LABORATORY RE/S -- SURPRISE6 -- 'ON ! R\T9ELY OCCURR+ M9UTIAE ( SCI5TIFIC ACTIVITY'4.<#b#i#c.> ,WE SOON LE>N1 BAS$ ON OBS]VATIONS ( ?IS NATURE1 ?AT 'SCI5TI/S' /ATEM5TS 444 SY/EMATICALLY CONCEAL ! NATURE ( ! ACTIVITY :I* TYPICALLY GIVES RISE TO !IR RESE>* REPORTS4'.<#b#i#d.> ,! USE ( ! WORD ACTIVITY RA!R ?AN RESULTS SEEMS TO ASSUME ! WOR/ AB\T ! BEHAVIOR ( SCI5TI/S1 NOTABLY ?AT !Y HIDE !IR BEHAVIORAL WAYW>DNESS 9 =MAL OBS]VATIONS OR ANALYZES4 

,HAV+ SETTL$ 9TO HIS BEHAVIORAL /UDY ( SCI5TI/S AT WORK1 ,LAT\R MAKES A QUANTUM LEAP TO ASS]T ?AT SCI5TI/S DO NOT LIVE UP TO !IR CLAIMS ( PRACTIC+ AN ORD]LY ME?ODOLOGY4 ,FACTS >E 'SOCIALLY CON/RUCT$'1 NOT DISCOV]$1 HE CONCLUDES1 AS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! MICRORELATIONAL GIVE-&-TAKE ?AT MAKES UP LABORATORY R\T9ES2 !IR VALIDITY SEEMS TO H+E MORE ON SUBJECTIVE 9T]PLAY 9 ! SOCIAL WORLD ?AN ! REALITIES 7IF ANY7 ( ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,?IS CONCLUSION SEEMS TO SUPPORT ! PO/MOD]NI/ NOTION ?AT REALITY IS ACTUALLY *AOTIC & IS ONLY ORGANIZ$ BY DISORD]LY SCI5TI/S 9TO ORD]LY S*EMES4 

,?US WE LE>N ?AT  
  

SCI5TIFIC ACTIVITY .<SIC.> IS NOT 'AB\T NATURE'1 IT IS A FI]CE FI<T TO CON/RUCT REALITY1 ,! LABORATORY IS ! WORKPLACE & ! SET ( PRODUCTIVE =CES1 :I* MAKES CON/RUCTION POSSIBLE 4 ,EV]Y TIME A /ATEM5T /ABILIZES1 IT IS RE9TRODUC$ 9TO ! LABORATORY 79 ! GUISE ( A MA*9E1 9SCRIPTION DEVICE1 SKILL1 R\T9E1 PREJUDICE1 D$UCTION1 PROGRAM1 & SO ON71 & IT IS US$ TO 9CREASE ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 /ATEM5TS 4 ,! CO/ ( *ALL5G+ ! REF$ /ATEM5T IS IMPOSSIBLY HI< 1 ,REALITY IS SECRET$4.<#b#i#e.>  
  

,ALAS1 V]Y LITDE 9 ,LAT\R & ,WOOLG>'S BOOK SUPPORTS SO SWEEP+ A CONCLUSION1 :I* IS F> MORE MY/IFY+ ?AN ! ALLEG$ 'REIFI$ /ATEM5TS' ?AT SCI5TI/S O/5SIBLY FE> TO *ALL5GE4 ,TO ! CONTR>Y1 SEEM+LY 'REIFI$ /ATEM5TS' >E REPEAT$LY SUBJECT$ TO 5ORM\S *ALL5GES !SE DAYS1 & FURI\S DEBATES >E WAG$ 9 SCI5TIFIC J\RNALS FROM ISSUE TO ISSUE1 OBVI\SLY AT ODDS ) ,LAT\R'S CLAIM ?AT REALITY 'IS SECRET$'4 

,9DE$1 ,I FAIL TO SEE ?AT ,LAT\R'S FIELDWORK REVEALS MORE ?AN ! FL[ ( GOSSIP AB\T ! COM+S & GO+S1 VAG>IES & 9T]ACTIONS ( SCI5TI/S4 ,YET ) 'PHILOSOPHICAL' APLOMB1 ,LAT\R & ,WOOLG> R5D] A V]DICT ( /UNN+LY RELATIVI/IC PROPORTIONS3  
  

,\R ACC\NT ( FACT CON/RUCTION 9 A BIOLOGY LABORATORY IS NEI!R  
SUP]IOR NOR 9F]IOR TO ?OSE PRODUC$ BY SCI5TI/S !MSELVES4 ,IT IS NOT SUP]IOR BECAUSE WE DO NOT CLAIM TO HAVE ANY BETT] ACCESS TO 'REALITY'1 & WE DO NOT CLAIM TO BE ABLE TO ESCAPE FROM \R DESCRIPTION ( SCI5TIFIC ACTIVITY3 ! CON/RUCTION ( ORD] \T ( DISORD] AT A CO/1 & )\T REC\RSE TO ANY PREEXI/+ ORD]4 ,9 A FUNDAM5TAL S5SE1 \R [N ACC\NT IS NO MORE ?AN A FICTION4.<#b#i#f.>  
  

,/RIPP$ ( !IR PO/MOD]NI/ V]BIAGE1 ,LAT\R & ,WOOLG> ALMO/ PRIDE !MSELVES 9 ACKN[L$G+ ?AT !IR WORK IS M]ELY A FICTION4 ,9ASMU* AS !Y (F] NO CRIT]IA AT ALL BY :I* TO JUDGE \R SUPPOSITIONS AB\T ! NATURAL WORLD1 WE >E DEPRIV$ ( ALL 'PREEXI/+ ORD]' AS A BASIS = =MULAT+ TRU?FUL /ATEM5TS AB\T REALITY4 ,?US WE >E CONDEMN$ TO AN ONGO+ & UNRESOLVABLE PROBLEM -- ONE ?AT APP>5TLY ANG]$ ! BOOK'S ORIG9AL PUBLI%]S1 :O RI<TLY DECL>$ ?AT '!Y W]E NOT 9 ! HABIT ( PUBLI%+ ANY?+ ?AT 0PROCLAIM$ ITS [N WOR?LESSNESS'06.<#b#i#g.> ,ACCORD+LY1 9 ! REVIS$ $ITION ! AU?ORS ADD$ A PO/SCRIPT ?AT1 AFT] CONSID]ABLE WORDPLAY1 CONCLUDES ?AT SCI5TIFIC '9T]PRETATIONS DO NOT SO MU* 9=M AS P]=M'4 ,HAV+ TURN$ SCI5TI/S 9TO ACTORS1 ) P]=MANCE AS !IR CRIT]ION1 ,LAT\R & ,WOOLG> DISMISSIVELY DECL>E ?AT '\R SCI5TI/S >E OBVI\SLY BETT] EQUIPP$ AT P]=M+ ! WORLD WE FIVE 9 ?AN WE >E AT DECON/RUCT+ IT4'.<#b#i#h.> 

,ONE MI<T SUPPOSE ?AT ,LAT\R W\LD H]EAFT] HAVE F\ND SIL5CE ! BETT] P>T ( VALOR1 BUT 9/EAD HE UND]TOOK AN EV5 MORE AMBITI\S WORK1 ,SCI5CE 9 ,ACTION1 ,H]E HE CONCEIVES ! WORLD ( SCI5CE AS A W> ( ALL AGA9/ ALL1 :]E9 EA* :ITE-COAT$ P>TICIPANT P>RIES ONE 'FICTION' AGA9/ ALL ! O!RS1 UNTIL ! BATTLE ( PAP]S1 ALLIANCES1 & HI/RIONICS BECOMES TOO =MIDABLE TO PROVIDE ANY RELIABLE TRU?S AB\T ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,H5CE3 '.<SJ9CE ! SETTLEM5T ( A CONTROV]SY IS !  
CAUSE ( ,NATURE'S REPRES5TATION1 NOT ITS CONSEQU5CE1 WE CAN NEV] USE ?IS CONSEQU5CE1 ,NATURE1 TO EXPLA9 H[ & :Y A CONTROV]SY HAS BE5 SETTL$4'.<#b#i#i.> ,NOT ONLY SCI5CE BUT N[ ! NATURAL WORLD ITSELF IS A SOCIAL >TIFACT4 ,TRAPP$ 9 A NO-MAN'S-L& 9 ! SCI5TIFIC BATTLEGR\ND1 WE >E AT A LOSS AS TO H[ TO DET]M9E ! OBJECTIVE VALIDITY ( ANY SCI5TIFIC CONCLUSIONS :ATEV]4 

,AS ,PAUL ,R4 ,GROSS & ,NORMAN ,LEVITT HAVE APTLY OBS]V$1 IF WE ACCEPT ,LAT\R' S NOTION ( SCI5CE AS A =M ( CONFLICT RESOLUTION RA!R ?AN AS ! 9VE/IGATION ( TRU?1 'WE MU/ BELIEVE ?AT ,WILLIAM ,H>VEY'S VIEW ( ! CIRCULATION ( ! BLOOD PREVAIL$ OV] ?AT ( HIS CRITICS NOT BECAUSE BLOOD FL[S FROM ! HE>T ?R\< ! >T]IES & RETURNS TO ! HE>T ?R\< ! VE9S1 BUT BECAUSE ,H>VEY WAS ABLE TO CON/RUCT A 0REPRES5TATION0 & :E$LE A PLACE = IT AMONG ! ACCEPT$ CONV5TIONS ( ! SAVANTS6'.<#c.> 

,B5EA? MU* ( ! 'ANALYSIS' 9 ,LAT\R'S PO/MOD]NI/ 5GAGEM5T ) SCI5CE1 HE SEEMS TO BE 9T5T ON TRY+ TO D5Y SCI5CE'S ABILITY TO UND]/& ! NATURAL WODD BUT CONCEIVABLY TO A D5IAL ( ! VALIDITY ( REASON ITSELF ,?IS DEPRECATION ( SCI5CE CAN EASILY PASS OV] 9TO !ISM1 A CONCLUSION TO :I* W&]+ M9DS AT ! 5D ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY SEEM TO BE P>TICUL>LY VULN]ABLE4 

,! ANTI-SCI5TIFIC LIT]ATURE IS ALMO/ TOO DIV]SE TO CATEGORIZE ) ANY SUBTLETY4 ,GIV5 ITS MIX$ MESSAGES & ITS APPEAL TO V>I\S CON/ITU5CIES1 MU* ( IT IS BLISSFULLY CONTRADICTORY FROM BOOK TO BOOK1 *APT] TO *APT]1 EV5 PAGE TO PAGE4 ,SOME FEM9I/S HAVE TRI$ TO G5D]IZE EV]Y?+ FROM ALGEBRA TO BIOLOGY1 ) RESULTS ?AT V]GE ON ! HIL>I\S4 ,SPIRITUALI/S & MY/ICS HAVE TRI$ TO PLACE SCI5CE 9 ! S]VICE ( L>GELY RELIGI\S 5DS1 EV5 AS !IR !I/IC BRO!RS & SI/]S FLATLY CONDEMN SCI5CE AS ! S\RCE ( ! 'DIS5*ANTM5T' ( HUMANITY & ! NATURAL WODD4 ,/ILL O!RS CONFUSE :AT SCI5CE IS ) ! FACT ?AT3 SCI5CE IS (T5 US$ = 5DS ?AT >E PAT5DY DE/RUCTIVE1 SU* AS WEAPONS RESE>* & ! EXPLOITATION ( LABOR4 ,EPI/EMOLOGICAL AN>*I/S1 TOO1 HAVE $G$ !IR WAY 9TO ?IS T]RA91 D5Y+ ?AT SCI5CE HAS ANY VALID RATIONAL GR\NDS & SUPPORT+ AN 9TELLECTUAL 'LIB]ALITY' ?AT V]GES ON *AOS -- 9DE$1 ! MORE *AOTIC ! BETT]4 

,AMONG FEM9I/S :O TRY TO G5D]IZE SCI5CE1 RHETORIC (T5 SEEMS TO REPLACE 9SI<T & 9TUITION IS (T5 CELEBRAT$ AS A S\RCE ( A *?ONIC WISDOM TO :I* MALES >E MORE OR LESS IMP]VI\S4 ,M>YANNE ,CAMPBELL & ,R&ALL ,K4 ,CAMPBELL-,WRI<T HAVE1 = EXAMPLE1 CALL$ = :AT !Y REF] TO AS A 'FEM9I/ ALGEBRA'1 :I* 9VOLVES NO ADVANCE BEYOND EXI/+ ALGEBRAIC /UDIES BUT RA!R DEM&S A RE/ATEM5T ( PROBLEMS 9 COLLEGE ALGEBRA TEXTBOOKS ?AT PRESUMABLY 9VOLVE 'G5D] /]EOTYPES' & :]E 'MA!MATICS IS PORTRAY$ AS A WOMAN :OSE NATURE DESIRES TO BE ! CONQU]$ ,O!R'4 ,AS A CORRECTIVE1 /UD5TS %\LD BE ASK$ TO CALCULATE H[ ',SUE & ,DEBBIE'1 A LESBIAN C\PLE1 WILL F9ANCE !IR NEW HOME1 RA!R ?AN ',TOM & ,DEBBIE'4 ,:E!R REWRIT+ TEXTBOOK QUE/IONS 9 ?IS MANN] WILL 9DUCE FEMALE /UD5TS TO TAKE A GREAT] 9T]E/ 9 ALGEBRA IS >GUABLE2 BUT TO ASSUME ?AT US+ FEMALE NAMES CAN LURE WOM5 9TO SOLV+ LOGICAL PROBLEMS ?AT !Y O!RWISE RES5T 5T]TA9+ IS NOT )\T ASPECTS DEMEAN+ TO WOM54.<#c#a.> 

,! N[-ABUNDANT LIT]ATURE ON UNIQUELY FEMALE WAYS ( ?9K+1 LIV+1 FEEL+1 & UND]/&+ MI<T WELL MAKE WOM5 SEEM LIKE ! OV]LY S5SITIVE BE+S ?AT ,VICTORIAN MALES & PATRI>*S ( OLD REG>D$ !M4 ,RA!R ?AN SEGREGATE WOM5 9TO A <ETTO1 ?IS TRADITIONALLY PATRI>*AL IMAGE ( !IR CAPABILITIES MU/ BE DISP5S$ ) ALTOGE!R4 ,:AT IS TR\BL+ IS ?AT F> TOO MANY SELF-/YL$ 'FEM9I/S' NOT ONLY ALL[ = !SE UPDAT$ ,VICTORIAN /]EOTYPES BUT ACTUALLY CELEBRATE !M6 

,! N9E COAU?ORS ( ! ,BIOLOGY & ,G5D] ,/UDY ,GR\P1 = EXAMPLE1 REG>D SCI5TIFIC DEPICTIONS ( MAMMALIAN F]TILIZATION AS G5D]-BIAS$4 ,SP]M1 AFT] ALL1 >E PORTRAY$ AS ACTIVE1 :ILE ! EGG IS SUP9E & PASSIVE4 ,9 SU* MASCUL9IZ$ BIOLOGY1 ! /UDY GR\P OBS]VES1 '! F]TILIZ+ SP]M IS A H]O :O SURVIVES :ILE O!RS P]I%1 A SOLDI]1 A %>D ( /EEL1 A SUCCESSFUL SUITOR1 & ! CAUSE ( MOVEM5T 9 ! EGG4 ,! OVUM IS A PASSIVE VICTIM1 A :ORE1 & F9ALLY1 A PROP] LADY :OSE FULFILLM5T IS ATTA9$4'.<#c#b.> ,SU* 9T]PRETATIONS BR+ ! QU>REL BETWE5 DOGMATIC FEM9I/S & ! MASCUL9E WORLD D[N TO ! CYTOLOGICAL LEVEL1 :]E EPI!TS LIKE VICTIM & :ORE V]GE ON ! RIDICUL\S -- & >E ACTUALLY *EAP5$ 9 MEAN+4 ,R$UCTIONS ( PATRI>*Y TO GYNECOLOGY DID 9DE$ EXI/ 9 E>LI] TIMES1 BUT SU* VIEWS HAVE LONG S9CE P]I%$1 & :AT FRAGM5TS REMA9 ( !M >E UND] S]I\S ASSAULT4 ,9DE$1 ! MAJORITY ( NEW /UD5TS 9 ,AM]ICAN M$ICAL S*OOLS >E N[ FEMALE4 ,IT IS H>D TO IMAG9E ?AT WOM5 F9D ANY COM=T 9 LE>N+1 AS ,DAVID ,FREEMAN PUTS IT 9 ! ,JUNE #aiib ISSUE ( ,DISCOV] 2 ?AT !RE IS AN 'AGGRESSIVE EGG'1 ONE ?AT1 'P9S .<A SP]MATAZOON.> D[N 9 SPITE ( ITS EF=TS TO ESCAPE'1 !N 'YANKS' IT 91 5GAG+ 9 :AT SOME MI<T COMP>E TO RAPE4 

,EQUALLY SILLY >E ! ATTEMPTS TO G5D]IZE PHYSICS & *EMI/RY -- & 9 ! PROCESS LESS5 !IR VALIDITY AS S]I\S DISCIPL9ES4 ,!SE ATTEMPTS >E (T5 MADE ON EPI/EMOLOGICAL GR\NDS4 ,WOM51 SOME FEM9I/ IDEOLOGUES >GUE1 HAVE A DEEP]1 MORE ORGANIC1 9TUITIONAL1 & NEUROS5SITIVE APP>ATUS = UND]/&+ ! COSMOS1 9 CONTRA/ TO MALES :O >E ME*ANI/IC1 'LOGOC5TRIC'1 & RA!R DULL NEUROLOGICALLY4 ,ACCORD+LY1 WOM5 VIEW PHYSICAL REALITY ) 9SI<TS ?AT >E ALI5 TO !IR G5D] C\NT]P>TS4 ,SU* VIEWS HAVE N\RI%$ ! REVIV$ APPRECIATION ( ,H]METIC & ,GNO/IC 'WISDOM'1 OCCULT1 MAGICAL1 & MY/ICAL NOTIONS ?AT DATE BACK TO ANCI5T TIMES4 

,C>OLYN ,M]*ANT'S ,DEA? ( ,NATURE3 ,WOM51 ,ECOLOGY1 & ! ,SCI5TIFIC ,REVOLUTION HAS DONE MORE TO /IMULATE ?IS 9T]E/ ?AN ANY S+LE BOOK 9 REC5T MEMORY4.<#c#c.> ,F9D+ ?AT ! RISE ( SCI5CE1 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM1 & MOD]N PATRI>*Y WAS HI/ORICALLY ACCOMPANI$ BY A DECL9E 9 A MORE FEMALE-ORI5T$1 NATURE-FRI5DLY CULTURE1 ,M]*ANT EXPRESSES /RONG AFF9ITIES = PRESCI5TIFIC COSMOLOGIES1 :I* W]E AMONG ?OSE MORE 'FEM99E & 'ECOLOGICAL' \DOOKS4 ,:AT WE LE>N HORN ,M]*ANT IS ?AT '! ,SCI5TIFIC ,REVOLUTION' IS AN 'IDEOLOGY ( 0P[] OV] NATURE01 AN ONTOLOGY ( 9T]*ANGEABLE ATOMIC & HUMAN P>TS1 & A ME?ODOLOGY ( 0P5ETRATION'' 9TO H] .<FIR/ NATURE'S.> 9N]MO/ SECRETS4'.<#c#d.> ,?US TO KN[ FIR/ NATURE1 TO 'PROBE' ! 'SECRETS' ( ! NATURAL WORLD1 BECOMES AN 5T]PRISE MORE LIKE RAPE ?AN DISCOV]Y -- LET ALONE DISCOV]IES ?AT C\LD B5EFIT HUMANITY & ! RE/ ( FIR/ NATURE AS WELL4 

,?IS DRAMA HAS ITS VILLA9S & H]OES -- & ! BOOK GIVES PREC>I\S 9T]PRETATIONS ( !IR VIEWS1 ) CONSID]ABLE EQUIVOCATION4 ,ITS MO/ NOTORI\S VILLA9 IS ,FRANCIS ,BACON1 :OSE 'SCI5CE' IS BASICALLY DEMONICAL -- FIXAT$ ON TE*NOLOGY & ! 'RAPE ( ! ,E>?'1 TO USE ! P>LANCE ( EC(EM9ISM4 ,M]*ANT 'DECON/RUCTS' ,BACON FROM A LATE-TW5TIE?-C5TURY VANTAGE PO9T AS A BRUTAL MISOGYNI/ = SEEK+ TO 'WRE/' ! 'SECRETS' ( A FEM99E ',NATURE' AS ?\< ',%E' W]E A WIT* SUBJECT$ TO ! TORTURES ( ! ,9QUISITION4 ,IF ,BACON'S CALL = SCI5TIFIC EXP]IM5TATION IS 5TANGL$ ) ! ME*ANICAL TORTURE ( WIT*ES1 WE HAVE REASONS TO D\BT DIAT ?IS VIEW CAN REALLY BE SUPPORT$2 UNLIKE WIT* PROSECUTORS ON ! ,CONT95T1 ! ,5GLI% 9 ,BACON'S TIME DID NOT SUBJECT WOM5 -- OR M5 -- ACCUS$ ( WIT*CRAFT TO ME*ANICAL TORTURE1 :I* HAS NOT PREV5T$ ! SIZABLE READ]%IP ( ,M]*ANT'S BOOK FROM REG>D+ ,BACON AS ! >*ETYPAL SCI5TI/-MISOGYNI/4 

,?AT ,BACON LIV$ 9 AN ,5GL& RIDDL$ ) HUNG]1 SUP]/ITION1 BRUTALITY1 AN 5ORM\SLY HI< MORTALITY RATE1 & ! ECONOMIC DISPOSSESSION ( ITS YEOMANRY2 & ?AT HIS EXPLICIT GOAL1 SO CLE>LY REVEAL$ 9 HIS UTOPIA1 ,! ,NEW ,ATLANTIS1 WAS ! ALLEVIATION ( POV]TY & ! C]TA9TY ( E>LY DEA? -- PROBLEMS :I* HE HOP$1 ) GOOD REASON1 C\LD BE REMOV$ BY TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCES & IMPROV$ LIV+ CONDITIONS [+ TO ! APPLICATION ( SCI5CE TO TE*NICS -- ALL ( ?IS GA9S LITTLE1 IF ANY M5TION1 9 ,! ,DEA? ( ,NATURE4 ,NOR DOES ! FACT ?AT ONE ( ,M]*ANT'S H]OES1 ,P>ACELSUS1 WAS AN AV[$ MISOGYNI/ :O EXPRESSLY DISDA9$ WOM54 

,TODAY1 MANY KEY FEM9I/ VOICES DEPRECATE SCI5CE QUA SCI5CE1 & 9DE$1 'MASCUL9E' =MS ( REASON4 ,NOT ONLY DOES ?IS MESSAGE E*O TRADITIONAL PATRI>*AL IMAGES ( WOM5 AS BRA9LESS BUNDLES ( HORMONALLY 9DUC$ EMOTIONS :O MU/ 9V5T UNIQUELY FEMALE WAYS ( KN[+ & 9NATELY POSSESS 'ORGANIC WISDOM'1 BUT !SE TR5DS 9 FEM9ISM FE$ DIRECTLY 9TO ANTI-RATIONAHSM4 ,WOM5 :O ATT5D MANY ,AM]ICAN UNIV]SITIES >E BE+ F$ MESSAGES ?AT DIVE/ !M ( ! 9SI<TS !Y NE$ TO DEAL ) ! USES -- MORALLY & SOCIAL B5EFIC5T -- TO :I* SCI5TIFIC DISCOV]IES & RATIONALITY CAN BE PUT4 ,NO LESS DI/URB+1 ANTIHUMANI/ & PO/MOD]NI/ IMAGES ( SCI5CE >E N[ ASSOCIAT$ ) :AT REMA9S ( ! ,LEFT1 :I* 9 =M] YE>S F]V5TLY H]ALD$ SCI5TIFIC AS WELL AS TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCES ) ! DEEP CONVICTION ?AT 9 A RATIONAL SOCIETY !Y C\LD BE PLAC$ 9 ! S]VICE ( HUMAN FRE$OM & US$ TO DIM9I% ! IMPACT ( !ISM & SUP]/ITION4 

,! G5]AL DEPRECATION ( SCI5CE SO RAMPANT !SE DAYS HAS NOT PREV5T$ MANY MY/ICS FROM TRY+ TO BR+ TW5TIE?-C5TURY SCI5CE 9TO CON=MITY ) V>I\S !ISMS OR SPIRITUALISMS4 

,P]HAPS AMONG ! MO/ SUCCESSFUL SU* EF=T1 AT LEA/ 9 T]MS ( BOOK SALES1 IS ,FRITJ( ,CAPRA'S ,TAO ( ,PHYSICS4.<#c#e.> ,CELEBRAT+ ! EXT5T TO :I* MOD]N PHYSICS CON=MS TO MY/ICISM1 P>TICUL>LY ! ,EA/]N G5RES1 ! BOOK HAS REA*$ UP TO A MILLION READ]S S9CE ITS PUBLICATION 9 #a#i#g#e4 ,SCI5TI/S -- LEA/ ( ALL ,CAPRA1 :O HOLDS A DOCTORATE FROM ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,VI5NA & HAS DONE RESE>* 9 V>I\S HI<LY REG>D$ 9/ITUTIONS >\ND ! WORLD -- %\LD NOT BE MI/AK5 = SCI5CE4 ,AS ,LAT\R HAS %[N1 !Y >E PEOPLE -- & !IR HEADS MAY BE FILL$ ) BIZ>RE NOTIONS AS WELL AS S\ND TRU?S4 ,?US IT %\LD NOT SURPRISE US TO LE>N ?AT ,NIELS ,BOHR1 ,J4 ,ROB]T ,OPP5HEIM] 7! 'FA!R' ( ! ATOM BOMB71 & ,W]N] ,HEIS5B]G 7:OSE RELATION%IP ) ,NAZI MILIT>Y PROJECTS HAS YET TO BE CL>IFI$7 BELIEV$ ?AT !RE W]E AFF9ITIES BETWE5 MOD]N PHYSICS & ,EA/]N RELIGIONS4 ,E9/E9 WAS A PAN!I/ ( A ,SP9OZI/ V>IETY -- & QUITE A FEW ,NOBEL PRIZE W9N]S W]E SUPPORT]S ( ,NAZI 'SPIRITUALITY'4 ,?AT BRILLIANT SCI5TI/S >E SOMETIMES IDEOLOGICAL NAIFS TELLS US NO?+ AB\T SCI5CE AS SU*4 

,FRITJ( ,CAPRA1 = EXAMPLE1 IS A MY/IC4 ,! /AT$ PURPOSE ( HIS WORK  
  

IS TO EXPLORE .<!.> RELATION%IP BETWE5 CONCEPTS ( MOD]N PHYSICS1 & ! BASIC IDEAS 9 ! PHILOSOPHICAL & RELIGI\S TRADITIONS ( ! ,F> ,EA/4444 ,! TWO F\NDATIONS ( TW5TIE? C5TURY PHYSICS -- QUANTUM !ORY & RELATIVELY !ORY -- BO? =CE US TO SEE ! WORLD V]Y MU* 9 ! WAY A ,H9DU1 ,BUDDHI/ OR ,TAOI/ SEES IT1 & H[ ! SIMIL>ITY /R5G!NS :5 WE LOOK AT ! REC5T ATTEMPTS TO COMB9E !SE TWO !ORIES 9 ORD] TO DESCRIBE ! PH5OM5A ( ! SUBMICROSCOPIC WORLD3 ! PROP]TIES & 9T]ACTIONS ( ! SUBATOMIC P>TICLES ( :I* ALL MATT] IS MADE4  
  

,9DE$1 ,CAPRA F9DS WALL-TO-WALL SIMIL>ITIES BETWE5 P>TICLE PHYSICS & MY/ICISM3 ',! P>ALLELS TO MOD]N PHYSICS APPE> NOT ONLY 9 !  
,V$AS ( ,H9DUISM1 9 ! ,I ,*+1 OR 9 ! ,BUDDHI/ SUTRAS1 BUT ALSO 9 ! FRAGM5TS ( ,H]ACLITUS1 9 ! ,SUFISM ( ,IBN ,>ABI1 OR 9 ! TEA*+S ( ! ,YAQUI SORC]] ,DON ,JUAN4'.<#c#f.> 

,IF ,CAPRA HAD FAIL$ TO MELD QUANTUM !ORY & RELATIVITY !ORY1 GIV5 !IR SWEEP+ G5]ALITY1 TO SU* A SWEEP+ >RAY ( MY/ICAL IDEOLOGIES -- ) !IR MANY V>IATIONS1 NUANCES1 & IDIOSYNCRASIES -- IT W\LD HAVE BE5 A MIRACLE4 ,MOD]N PHYSICS DOES 9DE$ DEFY COMMONS5SICAL P]CEPTION1 & PROPON5TS ( ! MY/ICISMS ?AT ,CAPRA CITES >E ALL TOO READY TO CELEBRATE A/ONI%+ SIMIL>ITIES4 ,LIKE MY/ICS1 PHYSICI/S >E 9DE$ 'N[ DEAL+ ) A NONS5SORY EXP]I5CE ( REALITY' 7AL?\< ) SOPHI/ICAT$ TE*NICAL EQUIPM5T74.<#c#g.> ,& LIKE MY/ICS1 PHYSICI/S (T5 DO 'EXP]I5CE' ! UNIV]SE 'AS A DYNAMIC1 9SEP>ABLE :OLE :I* ALWAYS 9CLUDES ! OBS]V] 9 AN ESS5TIAL WAY' 7AL?\< AT DIFF]5T LEVELS ( ORGANIZATION74.<#c#h.> 

,AFT] P>AD+ HIS V>I\S ,EA/]N RELIGIONS -- ,H9DUISM1 ,BUDDHISM1 ,*9ESE ?\<T1 ,TAOISM1 & ,Z5 -- ,CAPRA RETURNS US TO ! ',UNITY ( ,ALL ,?+S'1 ',BEYOND ! ,WORLD ( ,OPPOSITES'1 & ',! ,COSMIC ,DANCE'1 :]E9 HE MAT*ES RI*LY =MULAT$ TRU?S OR DISCOV]IES 9 P>TICLE & RELATIVITY PHYSICS ) QUOTATIONS FROM ,EA/]N MY/ICAL TEXTS1 EV5 :5 !Y READ LIKE METAPHORS RA!R ?AN 9SI<TS4 ,9 ?IS ECLECTIC JUMBLE1 ! ,EA/]N SAGES TALK 9 VAGUE PHRASES DRAT (T5 HAVE MULTIPLE MEAN+S1 AS BEFITS MO/ RELIGI\S TEA*]S1 :O NORMALLY H$GE !IR /ATEM5TS LE/ A PROPHECY FAIL TO MAT]IALIZE 9 REALITY4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ,WE/]N PHYSICI/S SEEM 9T5T ON PROVID+ RATIONAL EXPLANATIONS ( !IR !ORIES & DISCOV]IES ) MA!MATICAL =MULAS & EXP]I5TIAL EVID5CE4 ,IT MAY HELP FOLL[]S ( ! ,TAO TO KN[ ?AT ',MAN FOLL[S ! LAWS ( ! E>?2 _/ ,E>DR FOLL[S ! LAWS ( HEAV52 _/ ,HEAV5 FOLL[S ! LAWS ( ,TAO2 ,I ,TAO FOLL[S ! LAWS ( ITS 9TR9SIC NATURE1'.<#c#i.> BUT IT WILL H>DLY HELP !M UND]/& ! 9SI<TS ( MOD]N PHYSICS4 ,9 LAT]1' YE>S1 ,CAPRA'S ,TURN+ ,PO9T3 ,SCI5CE1 ,SOCIETY & ! ,RIS+ ,CULTURE1 PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#h#b1 W5T ON TO ECLECTICALLY W$ MOD]N PHYSICS1 ,PRIGOG9E,Y2 SY/EMS !ORY ( *EMICAL DISSIPATIVE /RUCTURES1 'HOLI/IC' HEAL?1 & SOL> 5]GY -- A B\QUET ( DUBI\SLY RELAT$ >EAS ( KN[L$GE 9 :I* IT W\LD BE H>D TO F9D AT LEA/ ONE IDEA ?AT DID NOT CON/ITUTE A PALLIATIVE = \R PSY*IC DISCOM=TS4 

,ONE CAN1 ( C\RSE1 TRY TO RECONCILE MOD]N SCI5CE ) A HOMEMADE !OLOGY ?AT FITS ITS ADVANCES4 ,?US3 ',! BREAKD[N ( CLASSICAL SCI5CE & ! RISE ( MOD]N PHYSICS1' OBS]VES ,JAMES ,W4 ,JONES1 'PROVIDE RES\RCES = A NEW !OLOGY ( NATURE4' ,& IF ,JONES HAS HIS WAY1 ?IS WILL BE !OLOGY ) A V5GEANCE4  
  

,! PHYSICAL WORLD IS GR\ND$ 9 & >ISES \T ( ! IMMAT]IAL DIV9E ,SPIRIT2 EV5TS ?AT MAKE UP ! PHYSICAL WORLD >E GIV5 !IR =M BY ! FREE ACT ( ,GOD2 ! UNIV]SE IS A UNITY 9 DIV]SITY4444 ,GOD'S IMMAN5CE IS ! PRES5CE ( ! ,SPIRIT )9 MATT]2 HIS TRANSC5D5CE IS HIS FRE$OM TO GIVE ! UNIV]SE ! =M ?AT IT HAS 7?R\< ! IMPOSITION ( C]TA9 SYMMETRIES7 & TO CON/ITUTE ! EV5TS ( ! UNIV]SE1 NOT 9 A *AOTIC OR >BITR>Y WAY 2 BUT AS ! PRODUCT ( FREE & C>EFUL *OICE BY :I* ONE POSSIBILITY AMONG MANY IS BR\<T TO FRUITION4.<#c#a.>  
  

,ON ! :OLE1 ?IS ,*RI/OLOGICAL WORK ) ,SP9OZI/IC T5D5CIES AV[$LY AGREES ) ,CAPRA'S !SIS ON ! ON5ESS ( ! UNIV]SE1 AL?\< ,JONES SEEMS EAG] TO /RESS ITS DIV]SITY AS WELL4 ,MORE EXPLICITLY ,*RI/IAN & EXPRESSLY ANTISCI5TIFIC1 ,PHILIP ,%]R>D W>NS US ?AT 'MAN'S SOV]EIGN FACULTY OR ORGAN ( KN[+ IT NOT ! .<SIC.> REASON & 444 HIS KN[L$GE IS NOT CONSEQU5TLY CONF9$ TO ! SPH]E ( ! RATIONAL4' ,9 ADDITION TO REASON1 HE POSSESSES A 'SUPRA-RATIONAL FACULTY OR ORGAN1 ONE ?R\< :I* HE IS CAPABLE ( 5T]+ 9TO DIRECT COMMUNION ) ! DIV9E1 ( EXP]I5C+ DIRECTLY SPIRITUAL OR METAPHYSICAL REALITIES1 & SO ( KN[+ ! TRU? OR NATURE ( EA* ?+4'.<#c#a#a.> 

,:]E1 !N1 HAVE WE GONE WRONG8 ,WLIY HAVE WE FAIL$ TO EX]CISE \R 'SUPRA-RATIONAL FACULTY' = '5T]+ 9TO DIRECT COMMUNION ) ! DIV9E' & EXP]I5C+ REALITY DIRECDY8 ,! SNAKE 9 \R G>D5 IS1 ( C\RSE1 'MOD]N SCI5CE'1 :I* 'PRESUPPOSES A RADICAL RE%AP+ ( \R :OLE M5TAL \DOOK4 ,IT 9VOLVES A NEW APPROA* TO BE+1 A NEW APPROA* TO NATURE1 9 %ORT1 A NEW PHILOSOPHY4' ,WE HAVE BE5 W>P$ 9TO BELIEV+ ?AT SCI5CE 'REPRES5TS A GREAT BREAK-?R\<1 A M>VEL\S ADVANCE ON ! P>T ( MANK9D1 EV5 A SIGN ( \R COM+ ( AGE'4 

,BUT N[ ?AT WE >E BEG9N+ 'TO SEE ! CONSEQU5CES ( \R CAPITULATION TO .<SCI5CE.> -- & WE >E ONLY N[ BEG9N+ TO SEE !SE CONSEQU5CES' -- ?AT IS1 \R LOSS ( DIRECT COMMUNICATION WITII ! DIV9E & ! NATURAL1 & -- 'WE >E NOT SO SURE'4 ,AMONG ! 'FRUITS' ( ?IS MISADV5TURE1 'CLE> = ALL TO SEE1 & IMPLICIT 9 ! PHILOSOPHY ON :I* IT IS BAS$1 IS ! DEHUMANIZATION BO? ( MAN & ( ! SOCIETY ?AT HE HAS BUILT 9 ITS NAME4'.<#c#a#b.> ,%]R>D1 LET ME EMPHASIZE1 IS NO HOLY ROLL] 9 A ,*AUTAUQUA T5T1 NOR A TELEVANGELI/2 MORE ?AN HALF ( HIS SMALL BOOK IS BAS$ ON LECTURES HE GAVE AT ,K+'S ,COLLEGE1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,LONDON1 BESPEAK+ RESPECTABILITY1 AU?ORITY1 & 9TELLECTUAL PROBITY4 

,NO DISCUSSION ( SCI5CE & ITS TRAVAILS W\LD BE COMPLETE1 H[EV]1 )\T TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ,PAUL ,K4 ,FEY]AB5D1 :OSE ANTI-RATIONALISM IS SO EXPLICIT & :OSE RELATIVISM IS SO EXTREME ?AT HIS SUPPORT = A ME?ODOLOGICAL AN>*ISM CONSI/S ( LITTLE MORE ?AN PEANS TO *AOS 9 ! REALM ( ?\<T4 ,:E!R WITT+LY OR NOT1 ,FEY]AB5D E/ABLI%ES ! PREMISES = A UNIV]SAL E?ICAL NIHILISM4 ,ACCORD+LY1 HIS WORK1 TAK5 AT ITS FACE VALUE1 W\LD REPRES5T A HOPELESS DEAD 5D = 'SCI5TIFIC ME?OD' -- OR EV5 SCI5TIFIC CRIT]IA4 

,! BOOK ?AT CATAPULT$ ,FEY]AB5D TO PUBLIC ATT5TION1 ,AGA9/ ,ME?OD3 ,\TL9E ( AN ,AN>*I/IC ,!ORY ( ,KN[L$GE1 PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#g#e1 ADVANCES A SEEM+LY 'RADICAL' CRITIQUE ( ANY ME?OD = DET]M9+ SCI5TIFIC TRU?1 & ( ANY CRIT]IA = JUDG+ ITS VALIDITY4.<#c#a#c.> ,NOT ?AT ,FEY]AB5D IS AGA9/ SCI5TIFIC ME?OD AS SU*1 ANY MORE ?AN HE IS AGA9/ SCI5TIFIC RESE>*4 ,BUT HE *ALL5GES ITS CLAIM TO EXCLUSIVITY AS A S\RCE ( TRU? AB\T ! NATURAL WORLD4 

,9 ITSELF1 ?IS *ALL5GE W\LD NOT BE OBJECTIONABLE -- OR UNUSUAL -- IF ,FEY]AB5D HAD S]I\SLY EXPLOR$ O!R WAYS ( PURSU+ KN[L$GE 9 :I* SCI5TIFIC CRIT]IA MAY OR MAY NOT HAVE A PLACE4 ,E4 ,A4 ,BURTT'S  
,! ,METAPHYSICAL ,F\NDATIONS ( ,MOD]N ,SCI5CE1 PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#b#c1 REMA9S TO ?IS DAY AN EXEMPL>Y ACC\NT ( E>LY SCI5CE ?AT UNE>?S ITS METAPHYSICAL4 PRESUPPOSITIONS WIDI CL>ITY & RESPONSIBILITY4.<#c#a#d.> ,SIMIL>LY1 V>I\S EVOLUTION>Y S*OOLS ( PHILOSOPHY HAVE EXPLOR$ APPROA*ES TO ! NATURAL WORLD ?AT >E MORE QUALITATIVE ?AN ! L>GELY QUANTITATIVE APPROA* FAVOR$ BY MO/ SCI5TI/S -- :I* IS NOT TO REJECT ! 5ORM\S CONTRIBUTIONS ?AT ! PHYSICAL SCI5CES HAVE MADE4 

,NOR DO ,I WI% TO SUGGE/ ?AT SOCIETY DOES NOT EX]CISE A MAJOR 9FLU5CE ON ! >EAS ( RESE>* ?AT SCI5TI/S EMPHASIZE OR ! /RATEGIES !Y ADOPT 9 /UDY+ !M4 ,QUITE TO ! CONTR>Y3 SCI5TI/S >E NOT ASOCIAL BE+S1 IMMUNIZ$ FROM SOCIAL LIFE AS A :OLE 9 !IR LABORATORIES4 ,! CONSID]ABLE ATT5TION GIV5 TO ME*ANICS AS A FIELD ( 9VE/IGATION 9 SIXTE5?- & SEV5TE5?-C5TURY ,ITALY1 = EXAMPLE1 CANNOT BE DIVORC$ FROM ,M$IT]RANEAN SOCIETY'S GR[+ NE$ = MA*9]Y1 = >TILL]Y :OSE ACCURACY REQUIR$ A BETT] KN[L$GE ( ! TRAJECTORY ( CANNONBALLS1 & = BETT] =TIFICATION1 AS ! NOTEBOOKS & LETT]S ( ,LEON>DO DA ,V9CI REVEAL4 ,SIMIL>LY1 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY ! DEVELOPM5T ( !ORIES ( BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION /IMULAT$ A MORE DEVELOPM5TAL APPROA* TO PH5OM5A DIAT HAD BE5 PREC$$ NOT ONLY BY ,LAM>CK & BY ,HEGEL4 ,NOR CAN WE IGNORE ! SOCIAL USES TO :I* SCI5TIFIC !ORIES HAVE BE5 PUT1 AS SOCIAL ,D>W9ISM & ALL ITS WORMY (FSPR+ ATTE/4 

,NOR >E SCI5TI/S IMMUNE TO DOGMAS ( !IR [N4 ,BUT SCI5TIFIC CRIT]IA /ILL REQUIRE EXP]IM5TATION & PRO( IRRESPECTIVE ( ! WAY 9 :I* SCI5TI/S =MULATE HYPO!SES4 ,H[ SCI5TI/S >RIVE AT !IR HYPO!SES IS AN 9T]E/+ SUBJECT = PSY*OLOGICAL 9VE/IGATION1 BUT IT HAS NO DECISIVE BE>+ ON :E!R !IR HYPO!SES CAN BE VALIDAT$1 OR ON :E!R SCI5TI/S >E DEAL+ )1 FACTS RA!R ?AN *IM]ICAL ILLUSIONS4 

,FEY]AB5D RADICALLY %IFTS ! GR\ND ( !SE C5TRAL ISSUES4 ,AL?\< HE TRIES TO %[ ?AT !RE IS NO FIX$ WAY TO =MULATE A P>TICUL> HYPO!SIS -- AN ISSUE ?AT BY ITSELF IS RA!R TRITE -- HIS ACC\NT ( :Y ONE PRO( IS ACCEPT$ 9 PREF]5CE TO ANO!R IS (T5 >BITR>Y4 ,SCI5CE BECOMES A PLAYGR\ND = ALL K9DS ( IDEAS4 ,?IS >5A C\LD BE HI<LY CREATIVE1 BUT 9 ! AN>*IC M>KETPLACE ( IDEAS' ?AT HE CELEBRATES1 A CRY/AL-GAZ]1 A =TUNETELL]1 & A %AMAN :O (F]S OCCULT EXPLANATIONS HAVE NO LESS /&+ 9 PR9CIPLE ?AN A SCI5TI/ :O (F]S A C>EFULLY REASON$ EXPLANATION ( A PH5OM5ON & PRO( ( ITS S\NDNESS4 

,9 ! MUNDANE WORLD ( EV]YDAY LIFE1 TO SUB/ITUTE MY/ICAL NUM]OLOGY = TRIGONOMETRY 9 CON/RUCT+ ! /EEL FRAME ( A BUILD+ W\LD LEAD TO CATA/ROPHE4 ,!RE IS NO?+ LIKE PRACTICE -- & ! RESULTS IT YIELDS -- TO DECIDE ! TRU? ( AN APPROA*4 ,D\BDESS1 BROAD >EAS ( RESE>* & KN[L$GE 9VOLVE A GREAT DEAL ( SPECULATION1 LIKE ! ORIG9 & /RUCTURE ( ! UNIV]SE & PROBLEMS 9 QUANTUM ME*ANICS4 ,BUT IF A CRY/AL-GAZ]'S 9TUITIONS & RATIONAL 9QUIRY >E EQUALLY VALID 'ME?ODS'1 REASON HAS NO SPECIAL CLAIM OV] DIV9ATION4 ,! 'EC/ATIC TRANCES' ( ,RABBI ,AKIBA1 ACCORD+ TO ,FEY]AB5D1 YIELD 'G5U9E OBS]VATIONS ONCE WE DECIDE TO ACCEPT HIS WAY ( LIFE AS A MEASURE ( REALITY1 & HIS M9D IS AS 9DEP5D5T ( HIS BODY AS ! *OS5 OBS]VATIONS ,CELL HIM4'.<#c#a#e.> 

,?IS IS ACCEPT+ A LOT 9DE$1 NOTABLY A ,NIETZS*EAN P]SPECTIVISM1 :I* C\LD VALIDATE ANY VIEW ONCE 'WE DECIDE' TO ACCEPT ANY 'WAY ( LIFE AS A MEASURE ( REALITY'4 ,IT IS NO C>ICATURE ( ?IS L9E ( REASON+ TO SAY ?AT ONCE WE ACCEPT ,TORQUEMADA'S 'WAY ( LIFE AS A MEASURE ( REALITY'1 ! ,SPANI% ,9QUISITION ALSO YIELD$ 'G5U9E OBS]VATIONS' -- & RESULTS4 ,9 FACT1 GIV5 ,FEY]AB5D'S RADICAL RELATIVISM1 :O IS TO SAY W9* OBS]VATIONS >E & :I* >E NOT 'G5U9E8 

,:5 ADVIS$ ?AT SCI5CE 'WORKS'1 ,FEY]AB5D ANEMICALLY REPLIES ?AT 'IT (T5 FAILS & MANY SUCCESS /ORIES >E RUMORS1 NOT FACTS4'.<#c#a#f.> ,?IS ,FEY]AB5DIAN LEG]DEMA9 SIMPLY SIDE-/EPS A PROBLEM ) :I* HE APP>5TLY CANNOT COPE -- NAMELY1 ?AT A SCI5CE ?AT DOES NOT WORK IS EV5TUALLY1 (T5 QUICKLY1 DISC>D$1 W9* ALAS IS NOT TRUE ( MANY O!R SELF-/YL$ 'DISCIPL9ES'4 

,NOR DOES ,FEY]AB5D CL>IFY V]Y MU* BY ASS]T+ ?AT '! EFFICI5CY ( SCI5CE IS DET]M9$ BY CRIT]IA ?AT BELONG TO ! SCI5TIFIC TRADITION & ?US CANNOT BE REG>D$ AS OBJECTIVE JUDGES' -- A %E] SOPHISM ?AT TELLS US NO?+ AB\T ! FACT ?AT SCI5CE1 :5 IT IS CORRECT1 MU/ WORK 9 PRACTICE IF IT IS TO RETA9 ITS LEGITIMACY4 ,?IS OBS]VATION %\LD MAKE US WOND] :Y ! ,RABBI ,AKIBA'S VISIONS %\LD BE REG>D$ AS RELIABLE 'ONCE WE DECIDE TO ACCEPT HIS WAY ( LIFE AS REALITY'1 TO REPEAT ,FEY]AB5D'S CASE = ! V5]ABLE SAGE4 ,IF WE ACCEPT ,/AL9 OR ,HID]'S 'WAY ( LIFE AS REALITY'1 ON :AT GR\ND CAN ONE COMPLA9 AB\T ! HORRORS ( ! GULAG OR ! MON/ROSITIES ( ,AUS*WITZ8 

,CANNILY1 ,FEY]AB5D IMMUNIZES HIMSELF TO CRITICAL EVALUATION BY AV[$LY REFUS+ TO TAKE HIMSELF S]I\SLY4 ,! GUID+ MAXIM (  
,AGA9/ ,ME?OD CAN BE SUMM$ UP AS 79 ! AU?OR'S PHRASE71 'ANY?+ GOES'4 ,?IS MAXIM IS APP>5DY MEANT TO EXPRESS MILIT&Y ,FEY]AB5D'S JUDGM5T ?AT '! IDEA ( A FIX$ ME?OD1 OR ( A FIX$ !ORY (  
RATIONALITY2 RE/S ON TOO NAIVE A VIEW ( MAN & HIS SOCIAL SURR\ND+S4'.<#c#a#g.> 

,YET ,AGA9/ ,ME?OD IS NOT )\T A C]TA9 ME?ODOLOGY' ( ITS [N3 ?AT ( GROSSLY OV]/AT+ ! VIEWS AGA9/ :I* ,FEY]AB5D (T5 DIRECTS HIS CRITICISMS4 ,! 'FIX$' ME?ODS & 'FIX$' !ORIES ( RATIONALITY ?AT BO!R ,FEY]AB5D >E BY NO MEANS AS 'FIX$' 9 ! M9DS ( SCI5TI/S & RATIONALI/S AS ,FEY]AB5D W\LD HAVE US BELIEVE4 ,SCI5CE & REASON HAVE BE5 EXTRAORD9>ILY OP5 TO V>IATION & *ANGE3 !Y HAVE BE5 AMONG ! MO/ LIB]AT+ =CES 9 A HI/ORY PLAGU$ BY FANATICAL DOGMATISM & SUP]/ITION4 ,9DE$1 ,FEY]AB5D DEMOLI%ES /RAW >GUM5TS :5 HE DEALS ) 'FIXITIES' 9 SCI5TIFIC ME?OD ?AT >E O/5SIBLY SACROSANCT BUT >E TRANSGRESS$ 9 ACTUAL RESE>* -- :I* 9 NO WAY *ALL5GES ! SCI5TIFIC CRIT]ION ?AT PRO( IS ! ULTIMATE >BIT] ( TRU?4 

,NOR IS ,FEY]AB5D'S 'ME?OD' FREE ( SOCIAL 9FLU5CES 9 ITS [N RI<T4 ,BY ! #a#i#gS1 9 FACT1 ALMO/ ANY?+ DID 'GO' 9 ,B]KELEY1 ,CALI=NIA1 ,FEY]AB5D'S ACADEMIC HABITAT 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E ! 'C\NT]CULTURE' C>RI$ IDIOSYNCRATIC BEHAVIOR & IRRATIONALISM TO ! PO9T ( ABSURDITY -- ) A GREAT DEAL ( PUBLIC APPROVAL4 ,TODAY1 9 FACT1 'ANY?+ GOES' 9 EPIDEMIC PROPORTIONS1 AS ANYONE :O VISITS A BOOK/ORE OR DIALS A 'TELEMY/IC'S #i NUMB] WILL QUICKLY DET]M9E4 ,FEY]AB5D'S GUID+ MAXIM PLACES SUP]/ITION1 ,RABBI ,AKIBA'S 'EC/ATIC TRANCES'1 & EV5 \TRI<T %AMANISM -- LIKE ,C>LOS ,CA/ANADA'S VISIONS ( 'REALITY' AS EXPRESS$ 9 ,! ,TEA*+S ( ,DON ,JUAN -- ON AN EQUAL FOOT+ ) SCI5TIFIC CRIT]IA4 ,FEY]AB5D'S WORK1 9 EFFECT1 IS A SOCIALLY CONDITION$ ACC\NT ( ! 'DECON/RUCTION' ( SCI5CE & REASON 9 A MY/ICAL MILIEU1 DEMOLI%+ SIMPLI/IC 'FIXITIES' BY US+ ,DADAESQUE RHETORIC RA!R ?AN 9TELLECTUAL FIREP[]4 ,?IS SEEM+LY PROVOCATIVE 5DEAVOR -- SO V]Y MU* ATTUN$ TO SOCIOCULTURAL *ANGES 9 ! ,CALI=NIAN 'SC5E' -- IS MORE S5SATIONALI/S ?AN 9=MATIVE &1 WORSE1 IS (T5 MISLEAD+4 

,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ,FEY]AB5D IS NOT AN AN>*I/1 AS HE OBS]VES 9 A RA!R CONFUS+ FOOTNOTE4 ,AN>*ISM 'AS IT HAS BE5 PRACTIC$ 9 ! PA/ & AS IT IS BE+ PRACTIC$ TODAY BY AN EV] 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( PEOPLE HAS FEATURES ,I AM NOT PREP>$ TO SUPPORT1' HE EXPLA9S UNEASILY4 ',IT C>ES LITTLE = HUMAN FIVES & HUMAN HAPP9ESS 7EXCEPT = ! FIVES & ! HAPP9ESS ( ?OSE :O BELONG TO SOME SPECIAL GR\P72 & IT CONTA9S PRECISELY ! K9D ( ,PURITANICAL D$ICATION & S]I\SNESS :I* ,I DETE/' -- EXCEPT1 ,FEY]AB5D ADDS1 = 'SOME EXQUISITE EXCEPTIONS SU* AS .<,DANIEL.> ,COHN-,B5DIT1 BUT !Y >E 9 ! M9ORITY4'.<#c#a#h.> 

,TO ANYONE :O LIV$ 9 #a#i#fS & #a#i#gS ,B]KELEY & WAS NOT CONF9$ TO A H]METIC IVORY T[]1 ?IS PORTRAYAL ( ! AN>*IC1 (T5 HI<LY P]SONAFI/IC T5D5CIES ?AT WAFT$ ?R\< ,NEW ,LEFT &' ! 'C\NT]CULTURE' 9 #a#i#g#e1 >\ND ! TIME ,AGA9/ ,ME?OD WAS WRITT51 IS A GROSS MISCONCEPTION4 ,A SIZABLE CORPS ( LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S W]E AB&ON+ ! SOCIALI/IC CONT5T ?AT S]I\S SOCIAL AN>*I/S LIKE ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 & ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 HAD CLAIM$ = !IR ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN BELIEFS & W]E PREOCCUPI$ ) !IR [N EGOS & DESIRES4 ,FEY]AB5D'S VIEW ( ,COHN-,B5DIT1 MOREOV]1 IS V]Y NAIVE4 ',R$ ,DANNY'S' COMMITM5T TO AN>*IC IDEAS WAS ALWAYS T5U\S & HE IS CURR5TLY FULFILL+ HIS NEW IDEALS AS A REALO OR PRAGMATICALLY ORI5T$ (FICEHOLD] 9 ! ,G]MAN ,GRE5 ,P>TY4 ,F9ALLY1 ,FEY]AB5D'S OBS]VATIONS REVEAL ?AT TOO (T5 HIS 'ANTIME?ODOLOGICAL' TE*NIQUE CONSI/S ( TOSS+ (F IRRESPONSIBLE REM>KS & JUDGM5TS EX CA!DRA1 AS ?\< HIS [N ASS]TION ( AN IDEA W]E SUFFICI5T TO GIVE IT VALIDITY4 

,9 FACT1 ! V]Y ESS5CE ( A ,FEY]AB5DIAN CONT5TION IS ITS NOTABLE LACK ( S]I\SNESS & RESPONSIBILITY4 ,F> FROM BE+ AN 'AN>*I/'1 ,FEY]AB5D1 AS IT TURNS \T1 CONFESSES HE IS REALLY A ,DADAI/1 :O IS 'UTT]LY UNIMPRESS$ BY ANY S]I\S 5T]PRISE'1 :O 'SMELLS A RAT :5EV] PEOPLE /OP SMIL+ & ASSUME ?AT ATTITUDE &4?OSE FACIAL EXPRESSIONS W9* 9DICATE ?AT SOME?+ IMPORTANT IS AB\T TO BE SAID4 ,A ,DADAI/ IS CONV9C$ ?AT A WOR?:ILE LIFE WILL >ISE ONLY :5 WE />T TAK+ TIL+S LI<TLY 4444 ,IT IS = !SE REASONS ?AT ,I N[ PREF] TO USE ! T]M  
,DADAISM' TO DESIGNATE HIS BELIEFS4.<#c#a#i.> ,ALAS1 WE W\LD DO WELL TO TAKE MANY 5T]PRISES V]Y S]I\SLY !SE DAYS1 & !RE IS NO REASON :Y ANYONE %\LD C>E A FIG = ! FACIAL EXPRESSIONS ) :I* !Y >E UND]TAK54 ,FEY]AB5D'S [N ,DADAESQUE CUT5ESS BEG9S TO WE> ?91 9 FACT1 :5 HE (T5 DELIV]S HIS H>ANGUES ) EXTRAORD9>Y & LABOR$ S]I\SNESS1 9DE$1 ) A D5SE COMPLEXITY ?AT R5D]S !M V]Y 9ACCESSIBLE TO ! G5]AL READ]4 

,! P>ADOX ?AT SUFFUSES ,FEY]AB5D'S ,AGA9/ ,ME?OD IS ?AT ITS AU?OR 9SI/5TLY WANTS US TO TAKE HIM V]Y S]I\SLY 9DE$1 P>TICUL>LY :5 HE IMPUGNS 'FIX$' IDEAS1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME HE CLAIMS TO BE A HAPPY-GO-LUCKY BON VIVANT 9 ! REALM ( IDEAS4 ,FEY]AB5D1 9 EFFECT1 WANTS TO HAVE HIS CAKE & EAT IT TOO4 ,HIS CRITICISMS ('ME?OD' >E V]Y *ALL5G+ 9DE$ -- & IF !Y >E F\ND TO BE FLAW$1 !IR AU?OR CANNOT BE P]MITT$ TO SAUCILY HIDE BEH9D A ,DADAESQUE VEIL TO AVOID ! *ALL5GES !Y >E OBLIG$ TO CONFRONT4 

,YET1 SURPRIS+LY1 ALMO/ EV]Y?+ 9 ,AGA9/ ,ME?OD ?AT HAS HI/ORICAL IMPORTANCE WAS EXPLOR$ MORE SIGNIFICANTLY BY ,KUHN1 SU* AS ! PROBLEMS ( H[ & :Y ,PTOLEMAIC COSMOLOGY GAVE WAY TO ,COP]NICAN COSMOLOGY & ,>I/OTELIAN ME*ANICS TO ,GALILEAN ME*ANICS4 ,FEY]AB5D IS AT PA9S TO ADVISE US1 AS ,KUHN1 ,LAT\R & !IR CONFR]ES HAVE DONE1 ?AT SCI5TI/S USE EV]Y 'TRICK' !Y CAN TO ADVANCE \R KN[L$GE ( ! WORLD1 9 CONTRA/ TO CONV5TIONAL CLAIMS ?AT !Y >E 'SY/EMATIC' 9 !IR =MULATIONS ( HYPO!SES4 

,MOREOV]1 ,FEY]AB5D1 NO LESS ?AN ,KUHN1 IS ORI5T$ T[>D PSY*OLOGY4 ,HIS EM5DATIONS ( ,KUHN T5D TO BE MORE DIZZY+ 9 !IR DETAILS ?AN 5LI<T5+ 9 !IR SUB/ANCE4 ,HIS KN[L$GE ( SCI5CE IS SO HI<LY SELECTIVE & ESOT]IC ?AT HE SEEMS TO KN[ A GREAT DEAL AB\T DETAILS1 BUT SURPRIS+LY LITTLE AB\T ! OV]ALL PICTURE :I* !Y YIELD :5 VIEW$ TOGE!R & COH]5TLY4 

,BUT ! ',COPEMICAN REVOLUTION & ITS SP9(FS >E NOT R$UCIBLE TO MATT]S ( PSY*OLOGY NOR DO !Y ALL[ = ,DADAESQUE PIR\ETTES4 ,GALILEO'S DEF5SE ( ! ,COP]NICAN WODD VIEW OCCURR$ AT A TIME :5 A/RONOMY WAS /ILL EMBATTL$ ) ! ,*UR* & TRY+ TO E/ABLI% ITSELF AGA9/ !OLOGICAL DOGMA4 ,F> FROM 9VOLV+ A M]E DIFF]5CE 9 'P]SPECTIVES'1 ! CONFLICT OPPOS$ RADICALLY DIFF]5T APPROA*ES TO FACTS AB\T ! NATURE ( REALITY AS WELL AS ! MEANS = ASC]TA9+ !M4 

,SIMIL>LY1 :5 ,D>W9 ADVANC$ ,IRIS !ORY ( EVOLUTION BAS$ ON NATURAL SELECTION1 SCI5CE WAS /ILL EMBATTL$ ) RELIGION & SUP]/ITION4 ,! /ORM ?AT FOLL[$ ! PUBLICATION ( ,! ,ORIG9 ( ,SPECIES1 & LAT]1 ,! ,DESC5T ( ,MAN1 PITT$ RATIONALITY AGA9/ FAI?1 FACT AGA9/ ILLUSION1 & ABOVE ALL1 CONFLICT+ WAYS ( DET]M9+ TRU? -- 9 %ORT1 OBJECTIVE 9VE/IGATION & V]IFICATION AGA9/ M]E TRADITION4 ,BY ! TIME SCI5CE CAME 9TO ITS [N AT ! 5D ( ! LA/ C5TURY1 ,KUHN'S REVOLUTION>Y 'P>ADIGM %IFTS' W]E LESS /ORMY2 9DE$1 !Y W]E EXTRAORD9>ILY PLACID COMP>$ ) ?OSE TIMES :5 SCI5CE HAD YET TO E/ABLI% ITSELF AS TRU? RA!R ?AN ! WORK ( ,LUCIF]4 

,G5]ALLY1 ! EM]G5CE ( SCI5CE AS A BASIC =M ( ASC]TA9+ TRU? 9 CONTRA/ TO ! CLAIMS ( RELIGION CAN BE SLI<T$ ONLY BY RISK+ A REGRESSION 9TO SUP]/ITION & CULTURAL B>B>ISM4 ,:AT ,FEY]AB5D HAS TO EXPLA9 IS ! HI/ORICAL UNEV5NESS ( !SE ADVANCES1 NOT EXAM9E !M AS ?\< !Y >E 9TELLECTUAL >TIFACTS ?AT HAVE NO SOCIAL CONTEXT OR HI/ORY4 ,?US1 TO PLACE ! PROBLEMS ?AT CONFRONT$ ,GALILEO & ?OSE ?AT CONFRONT$ ,E9/E9 ON A 'LEVEL PLAY+ FIELD'1 AS ?\< SCI5TIFIC CRIT]IA ?AT HAD YET TO BE ACCEPT$ F\R C5TURIES AGO W]E CONFRONT$ ) ! SAME PROBLEMS !Y 5C\NT] TODAY1 IS TO P>ODY HI/ORY & BATTLES LONG OV]COME4 ,IF ANY?+1 !RE >E 'P>ADIGM %IFTS' ?AT HAPP5 SO RAPIDLY TODAY ?AT SCI5TI/S SC>CELY HAVE ! TIME TO ASSIMILATE A NEW ONE BE=E ANOMALIES HAVE ACCUMULAT$ TO PRODUCE ! NE$ = ANO!R ONE1 AS WITNESS REC5T DEVELOPM5TS 9 COSMOLOGY4 

,AS A HI/ORIAN1 ,FEY]AB5D IS ESS5TIALLY A PO/MOD]NI/4 ,HE IS NO DIFF]5T 9 HIS TREATM5T ( DATA ?AN ,!ODORE ,ZELD5 IS 9 HIS TREATM5T ( HI/ORY1 :I* PRESUMABLY ATTEMPTS TO LIB]ATE ! PA/ FROM SU* ANNOY+ CON/RA9TS AS DATES1 CAUSAL ACC\NTS ( EV5TS1 DISCUSSIONS ( CLASS1 & EV5 ! CONF9ES ( NATIONALITY4 ,9 A SOME:AT SIMIL> VE91 ,HAYD5 ,:ITE TURNS HI/ORY 9TO AN ATEMPORAL ES!TIC ?AT VIEWS CONV5TIONAL EV5TS 9 ! PA/ AS M]E 'TEXTS' 9 ! PRES5T4 

,FEY]AB5D'S O!R COMPLA9TS AGA9/ 'ME?ODOLOGI/S' >E TRITE4 ,?US3 '.<SCI5TIFIC 9VE/IGATION1 SAYS .<,KAD.> ,POPP]1 />TS ) A PROBLEM & PROCE$S BY SOLV+ IT1' WE >E TOLD SOLEMNLY4 ,ONE NE$ NOT BE AN ADMIR] ( ,K>L ,POPP] TO SEE ?AT ?IS /ATEM5T IS A CLI*E4 ,BUT = ,FEY]AB5D1 ,POPP]'S '*>ACT]IZATION DOES NOT CONSID] ?AT PROBLEMS MAY BE WRONGLY =MULAT$' -- H[1 IF'ANY?+ GOES1' CAN HE KN[ ?IS8 -- '?AT ONE MAY 9QUIRE AB\T PROP]TIES ( TIL+S & PROCESSES :I* LAT] VIEWS DECL>E TO BE NON-EXI/5T' -- AGA91 H[ CAN HE BE SURE ( ?IS8 ',PROBLEMS ( ?IS K9D >E NOT SOLV$1' HE ADDS1 '!Y >E DISSOLV$ & REMOV$ FROM ! DOMA9 ( LEGITIMATE 9QUIRY'.<#c#b.> -- :I* PROVIDES US ) MORE WORDPLAY ?AN 9SI<T4 

,9 FACT1 !RE IS A C]TA9 MEASURE ( 9TELLECTUAL DEMAGOG]Y1 H]E1 :I* NOT EV5 A CLAIM$ AFF9ITY = ! DISORD]+ /RATEGY ( ,DADAISM EXCUSES4 ,I HAVE NO D\BT ?AT ,POPP] UND]/OOD ONLY TOO WELL ?AT PROBLEMS MU/ BE CORRECTLY =MULAT$ BE=E !Y CAN BE SOLV$2 9DE$1 ?AT PROBLEMS RAIS$ BY ! NOTION ( ! ,E>?'S ABSOLUTE VELOCITY W]E 'DISSOLV$' BY RELATIVITY !ORY1 AN EXAMPLE DIAT 9 NO WAY *ALL5GES H[ ,POPP] OR ANY RATIONAL P]SON VIEWS ! 'PROBLEM'4 

,IT IS H>DLY /UNN+ TO LE>N ?AT '*ANGES ( ONTOLOGY 444 >E (T5 ACCOMPANI$ BY CONCEPTUAL *ANGES'1 AS ,FEY]AB5D ?UMP+LY DECL>ES4.<#c#b#a.> ,SU* CLI*ES1 (T5 ELABORAT$ ) REF]5CES TO BO? KN[N & VIRTUALLY UNKN[N FIGURES 9 ! HI/ORY ( SCI5CE1 AB\ND ?R\<\T ,FEY]AB5D'S WORKS & >E WOV5 9TO BADLY WRITT51 V]Y S]I\S1 ESOT]IC1 & 9TRAMURAL >GUM5TS ?AT >E ANNOY+LY AT ODDS ) HIS PRET5SIONS TO BE A FLIPPANT1 FI<T-HE>T$1 & EV]-*>M+ ,DADAI/4 

,NOR DOES ! S\ND & FURY G5]AT$ BY ,FEY]AB5D JU/IFY SEE+ SCI5CE AS A P>O*IAL DOGMA ?AT SOMEH[ OPPRESSES US ALL4 ,9 FACT1 SCI5CE DEM&S V]Y MU* ( ITSELF -- FACTUAL V]IFIABILITY & RATIONAL SPECULATION -- TO EV] BECOME DOGMATIZ$1 H[EV] MU* ITS RESULTS >E MISUS$4 ,= ,FEY]AB5D TO TREMBLE BE=E ! PROSPECT ( SCI5TIFIC ABUSES )\T TELL+ US ?AT SCI5TIFIC RESULTS >E GROSSLY MISUS$ 9 ! MOD]N WORLD1 MO/ P>TICUL>LY BY ! CORPORATE & POLITICAL P[]S ?AT CONTROL IT1 IS TO RAISE A PROBLEM ?AT IS AS FECKLESS AS HIS ASOCIAL 9T]PRETATIONS ( SCI5TIFIC HI/ORY4 ,NOR IS IT NEWS TO LE>N1 AS ,FEY]AB5D TELLS US1 ?AT 5DLESS FRAUDS HAVE BE5 P]PETRAT$ 9 ! NAME ( SCI5CE4 ,/AL9'S ,TR(IM ,LYS5KO IS NO MORE EVID5CE ( ! FAIL+S ( G5ETICS1 AS ,FEY]AB5D SUGGE/S1 ?AN ,HIMML]'S ,JOSEF ,M5GELE IS EVID5CE ( ! FAIL+S ( MOD]N M$IC9E4 

,9DE$1 SCI5CE IS TODAY MORE DEMOCRATIC 9 ITS TOL]ANCE ( HET]ODOXY & MORE NATURALI/IC 9 ITS CRIT]IA = PRO( ?AN ANY O!R BODY ( IDEAS >\ND4 ,= ALL TLIE ANTIHUMANI/ COMPLA9TS ?AT SCI5CE EX]CISES TOO MU* P[] OV] ! HUMAN M9D1 IT /&S ALMO/ ALONE 9 ITS COMMITM5T TO AN +RA9$ NATURALISM & FREE EX*ANGE ( IDEAS4 ,IT WAS ONE ( ! E>LIE/ MOD]N EXEMPL>S ( ! DEMOCRATIC SPIRIT 9 ! MOD]N WORLD4 ,! SCI5TIFIC SOCIETIES ?AT EM]G$ 9 ,5GL& 9 ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY1 FOLL[$ RAPIDLY BY O!RS ON ! ,CONT95T & 9 ,AM]ICA1 W]E G5]ALLY OP5 TO ANYONE ( ANY SOCIAL CLASS1 BAS$ ON ! M]IT ( !IR WORK & ! EXT5T ( !IR A*IEVEM5TS4 ,VAN ,LEEUW5HOEK1 = EXAMPLE1 :O AS A M]E L5SMAK] W\LD H>DLY QUALIFY = AN APPE>ANCE AT ! ,BRITI% C\RT1 WAS MORE ?AN WELCOME 9 ! ,BRITI% ,ROYAL ,SOCIETY1 AS W]E M5 ( COMP>ABLE /ATURE4 ,DEBATE WAS MORE OP5 & FREE1 ,]T WAS MORE E>NESDY ACCEPT$ OV] OP9ION1 ?AN 9 ANY O!R 9/ITUTIONS 9 ! ,EUROPEAN WORLD4 ,! 'COMMON] ,B5JAM9 ,FRANKL9 WAS RESPECT$ BO? = HIS SCI5TIFIC /UDIES & = HIS SOCIAL IDEAS1 & HE WAS GREET$ ) NO CONDESC5SION BY HIS SCI5TIFIC PE]S1 :ATEV] !IR SOCIAL CLASS & POLITICAL BELIEFS4 ,?AT ?IS DEMOCRACY & NATURALISM ULTIMATELY RE/ ON /]N EVID5CE RA!R ?AN HAZY S5TIM5T -- 'COLD' AS SCI5CE MAY SEEM 9 ITS CLAIMS TO OBJECTIVITY -- IS NONE!LESS A PRIM>Y BULW>K AGA9/ SUP]/ITION1 IDEOLOGICAL TYRANNY1 & MY/ICISM TODAY4 ,ITS $IFICE1 = ALL ITS SOCIAL DIFFICULTIES1 %\LD NOT BE *ALL5G$ ON IDEOLOGICALLY T5D5TI\S & 'ME?ODOLOGICALLY' FLIPPANT GR\NDS -- LEA/ ( ALL BY 9JUNCTIONS LIKE 'ANY?+ GOES'4 

,ALL ( ?IS BR+S US TO :AT SEEMS TO BE ,FEY]AB5D'S BASIC COMPLA9T3 ! ILLS ( ,WE/]N REASON4 ,! RATIONALI/ CLAIM ?AT 'HUMAN BE+S >E RATIONAL ANIMALS'1 HE REM9DS US1 IS M]ELY 'ONE VIEW AMONG MANY'4 ,!RE IS ALSO1 WE >E TOLD1  
  

! VIEW ?AT HUMANS >E MISFITS 9 ! MAT]IAL WORLD1 UNABLE TO UND]/& !IR POSITION & !IR PURPOSE & ') A DI/9CTIVE NE$' = SALVATION2 !RE IS ! VIEW1 CLOSELY RELAT$ TO ! ONE JU/ M5TION$1 ?AT HUMANS CONSI/ ( A DIV9E SP>K 5CLOS$ 9 AN E>!N VESSEL1 A 'TRACE ( GOLD EMB$D$ 9 DIRT' AS ! ,GNO/ICS W]E 9 ! HABIT ( SAY+1 ') ! DI/9CTIVE NE$' = LIB]ATION BY FAI?4 ,& !SE >E NOT JU/ AB/RACT & CAPRICI\S' VIEWS -- !Y HAVE BE51 & /ILL >E1 P>T ( ! LIVES ( MILLIONS ( PEOPLE4.<#c#b#b.>  
  

,9 ! ,FEY]AB5DIAN WORLD1 !SE VIEWS >E ALL EQUALLY VALID1 9CLUD+ ,DON ,JUAN'S ALLEG$ VISIONS & ,RABBI ,AKIBA'S EC/ATIC EXP]I5CES4 ,REASON1 9 ,FEY]AB5D'S VIEW1 IS M]ELY ONE TRADITION AMONG MANY TO :I* HE EXT5DS AN E>NE/ F>EWELL4 

,9DE$3 '.<B.>E+ A TRADITION1 .<REASON.> IS NEI!R GOOD NOR BAD1 IT SIMPLY  
IS1' ,FEY]AB5D OBS]VES 9 ,SCI5CE & A ,FREE ,SOCIETY1 A SUMM+-UP ?AT EXPRESSES ALL ?AT IS REPELL5T AB\T PO/MOD]NISM4 ',! SAME APPLIES TO  
ALL TRADITIONS -- !Y >E NEI!R GOOD NOR BAD1 !Y SIMPLY >E4 ,!Y BECOME GOOD OR BAD 7RATIONAL_/IRRATIONAL2 PI\S_/IMPI\S2 ADVANC$_/0PRIMITIVE02 HUMANIT>IAN_/VICI\S2 ETC47 ONLY :5 LOOK$ AT FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( SOME O!R TRADITION4'.<#c#b#c.> 

,FROM ?IS EXPRESSION ( AMORAL SUBJECTIVITY1 ,FEY]AB5D GOES ON TO DECL>E3  
  

',OBJECTIVELY' !RE IS NOT MU* TO *OOSE BETWE5 ANTI-SEMITISM & HUMANIT>IANISM4 ,BUT RACISM WILL APPE> VICI\S TO A HUMANIT>IAN :ILE HUMANIT>IANISM WILL APPE> VAPID TO A RACI/ 4 ,RELATIVISM 79 ! OLD & SIMPLE S5SE ( ,PROTAGORAS7 GIVES AN ADEQUATE ACC\NT ( ! SITUATION :I* ?US EM]GES4 ,P[]FUL TRADITIONS ?AT HAVE MEANS ( =C+ O!RS TO ADOPT !IR WAYS HAVE ( C\RSE LITTLE USE = ! RELATIONAL *>ACT] ( VALUE JUDGM5TS 7& ! PHILOSOPH]S :O DEF5D !M >E HELP$ BY SOME RA!R ELEM5T>Y LOGICAL MI/AKES7 & !Y CAN MAKE !IR VICTIMS =GET IT AS WELL 7?IS IS CALL$ '$UCATION'74 ,BUT LET ! VICTIMS GET MORE P[]2 LET !M REVIVE !IR [N TRADITIONS & ! APP>5T SUP]IORITY WILL DISAPPE> LIKE A 7GOOD OR BAD -- DEP5D+ ON ! TRADITION7 DREAM4.<#c#b#d.>  
  

,LET ME NOTE ?AT !SE REM>KS1 :I* R$UCE E?ICAL ISSUES TO A P[] GAME BETWE5 EQUALLY SUBJECTIVE 'TRADITIONS' DIAT M]ELY '>E'1 CAN NO LONG] BE REG>D$ AS A PRODUCT ( A NAIVE RELATIVISM4 ,DESPITE ,FEY]AB5D'S D5UNCIATIONS ( ! 9HUMANITIES ( \R TIME1 !Y PROVIDE ! GR\NDWORK = A CYNICISM ?AT R$UCES EV]Y E?ICAL \TIOOK TO A MATT] ( TA/E4 ,! 'PREVAL5CE' ( ONE E?ICAL JUDGM5T OV] ANO!R DEP5DS UPON ! P[] IT CAN EX]CISE -- SOCIALLY AS WELL AS 9TELLECTUALLY4 ,LIKE ,JEAN ,BAUDRILL>D'S CAPITULATION TO SOCIAL & CULTURAL CONDITIONS AS !Y >E1 ,FEY]AB5D1 ) HIS AN>*I/IC EPI/EMOLOGY1 LEAVES HIS READ]S TO AN AMORAL VACUUM 9 :I* 'ANY?+ GOES' -- 9CLUD+1 BY HIS [N ADMISSION1 ANTI-,SEMITISM & RACISM4 ,& IF 'ANY?+ GOES' 9 ?IS BATTLE BETWE5 RACISM & HUMANIT>IANISM1 ,FEY]AB5D'S E?ICALLY NEUTRAL MAXIM SUPPORTS ! SIDE ?AT W9S4 

,IT IS NOT ! 5LI<T5$ ,PROTAGORAS :O IS SPEAK+ ?R\< ,FEY]AB5D'S M\?1 BUT RA!R ,PLATO'S C>ICATURE ( ! CRUDE SOPHI/ 9 ! ,FIR/ ,BOOK ( ,! ,REPUBLIC1 NOTABLY ,?RASYMA*US -- :OSE VIEW WAS ?AT 'MI<T IS RI<T'4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #h -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #h -- ,UPDAT$4 

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