,PROGRAMME ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM 

#aibg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GRIGORI ,PETROVIT* ,MAXIM(F 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,ALEXIS ,GRAVEL1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,9TRODUCTION 

,MOD]N ,SOCIETY 9 ! ,LI<T ( ,AN>*ISM 

,CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY IS A ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,ITS F\NDATION IS ! PR9CIPLE ( PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,ITS MA9 *>ACT]I/IC IS PRODUCTION = TRADE4 ,! RELATION%IPS ( ?IS K9D ( PRODUCTION >E SU* ?AT ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION ALL GOODS & !IR DI/RIBUTION1 AS WELL AS A L>GE PORTION ( ! WAGES ( ! WORK]S BELONG TO AN 9SIGNIFICANT NUMB] ( P]SONS -- ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,! HUGE MASS ( ! POPULATION CONSI/S ( [N]S ( LABOR-P[] ONLY -- PHYSICAL & 9TELLECTUAL LABOR -- :I* !Y SELL TO ! CAPITALI/S2 !SE 9CLUDE ! PROLET>IAT1 ! POOR PEASANTS & ?OSE 9 M$IUM CIRCUM/ANCES1 & ! SMALL CRAFTSM5 :O USE !IR LABOR-P[] 9DIVIDUALLY1 )\T SELL+ IT DIRECTLY TO ! CAPITALI/S1 YET :O DEP5D 5TIRELY UPON !M4 

,[+ TO ?IS ME*ANISM ( MOD]N SOCIETY1 FABUL\S WEAL? IS ACCUMULAT$ AT ONE 5D1 :ILE AT ! O!R !RE IS DIRE POV]TY4 ?IS FACT IS P>TICUL>LY EVID5T 9 C\NTRIES ( ADVANC$ ,CAPITALISM1 :]E ! CLASS DIVISION ( SOCIETY IS MO/ %>PLY DI/9CTIVE4 0,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DRAW A DIVID+ L9E BETWE5 ! PROP]TY [N+ & ! PROP]TYLESS CLASSES1 S9CE !SE CLASSES 9T]M+LE ) EA* O!R ?R\< 9NUM]ABLE & UNDETECTABLE NUANCES4 ,BUT 9 ! PHYSICAL WORLD1 TOO1 !RE >E NO DEM>CATION L9ES2 NEV]!LESS1 !RE IS A P]FECTLY CLE> DIFF]5TIATION BETWE5 PLANTS & ANIMALS1 BETWE5 BEA/S & M54 ,EQUALLY DEF9ITIVE IS ! SITUATION 9 HUMAN SOCIETY1 DESPITE ! 9T]M$IATE L9KS :I* MAKE ! TRANSITION FROM ONE POLITICAL & SOCIAL CONDITION TO ANO!R ALMO/ UNNOTICEABLE4 ,! DI/9CTION BETWE5 CLASSES IS V]Y CLE> & ANYONE CAN TELL ! UPP]-MIDDLE CLASS FROM ! L[]-MIDDLE CLASS & ! LATT] FROM ! 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IANS ( ! CITIES2 JU/ AS EASILY ONE CAN DIFF]5TIATE ! L>GE L&[N] FROM ! PEASANT PROPRIETOR WORK+ H] L& BY HIMSELF & ! F>M] FROM ! SIMPLE VILLAGE LABOR] 7,M4 ,A ,BAKUN974 ,SU* AN ORD] ( MOD]N SOCIETY IS PROTECT$ BY ! FULL P[] ( ! ,/ATE1 ) ITS MORAL CODE & ITS RELIGION4 

,9 ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY EV]Y?+ IS BAS$ ON BUY+ & SELL+ -- ! ,M>KET IS ! *>ACT]I/IC SY/EM = ! DI/RIBUTION ( MANUFACTUR$ GOODS4 ,= ?AT REASON1 EV]Y?+ 9 ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY BECOMES A COMMODITY 7NOT ONLY MAT]IAL WEAL?1 BUT ALSO SCI5CE1 >T & EV5 MORAL QUALITIES74 ,& ! GREAT MASSES ( ! PEOPLE 7! PRODUC]S ( PHYSICAL & 9TELLECTUAL GOODS7 :OM HUNG] 9DUCES TO WORK AS HIR$ H&S -- !Y TOO >E COMMODITIES4 ,! SPECIAL *>ACT]I/ICS ( !SE COMMODITIES >E ?\<T1 WILL1 PHYSICAL NE$S & ASPIRATIONS TO A HUMAN EXI/5CE4 

,! CAPITALI/ CLASS1 PROTECT$ BY ! P[] ( ! ,/ATE1 [NS ALL WEAL?2 AS A RESULT ( ?IS ! PR9CIPLES ( MOD]N SOCIETY FREE LABOR & VOLUNT>Y AGREEM5T = EMPLOYM5T -- TURN !IR POSITIVE SIDES T[>D ! ,CAPITALI/ & NOT ! PROLET>IAN4 ,!SE PR9CIPLES LOGICALLY PRESUPPOSE ECONOMIC EQUALITY1 & S9CE ?AT IS ABS5T1 ! /RONG] SIDE -- BY TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( FREE LABOR & ( VOLUNT>Y AGREEM5T -- DICTATES ITS CONDITIONS TO ! WEAK]4 ,! WEAK1 9 TURN1 CANNOT AF=D TO REJECT !M1 S9CE REJECTION W\LD MEAN />VATION4 ?IS CIRCUM/ANCE GIVES ,CAPITALISM ! OPPORTUNITY ( APPROPRIAT+ ! LION'S %>E ( ! FRUITS ( LABOR1 PAY+ ! LABOR]S NOT = ! 5TIRE PRODUCT1 BUT ONLY 5\< TO REPL5I% !IR EXP5D$ 5]GY & TO MA9TA9 ! CONT9UATION ( ! RE/4 ,ALL ATTEMPTS TO LIMIT ! >BITR>9ESS ( ,CAPITALISM1 ALL EF=TS ( ! WORK]S T[>DS ! IMPROVEM5T ( !IR LIV+ /&>DS1 >E P]SECUT$ BY ! ,/ATE ) B>B>IAN CRUELTY1 :I* 9 TURN MAKES IT EASI] = ! ,CAPITALI/S TO FI<T ! WORK]S4 

,! DEVELOPM5T ( SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGY IS US$ LEA/ ( ALL = ! GOOD ( ! UN=TUNATE WORK+ MASSES1 & ONLY A SMALL GR\P ( ! PROP]TI$ CLASSES1 ! CLASS ( ! EXPLOIT]S1 REAPS ITS B5EFITS4 ,! 9CR$IBLE PROGRESS & P[] ( ,CAPITALISM >E DUE TO ! SUCCESSES ( SCI5CE & TE*NICS4 ,CONT9UAL IMPROVEM5T 9 TE*NOLOGY MAKE POSSIBLE ! EV] GREAT] ME*ANIZATION ( PRODUCTION2 ME*ANIZATION ( PRODUCTION LEADS 9 TURN1 & 9EVITABLY1 TO ! DOM9ATION ( L>GE 5T]PRISES4 ,! SMALL 5T]PRISES >E ABSORB$ OR BECOME 5TIRELY DEP5D5T ON L>GE CAPITAL4 ,& ?IS PROCESS ( PROLET>IANIZATION 9CREASES ! CADRES ( LABOR AVAILABLE = HIRE4 

,9 ADDITION1 ! CONT9UAL IMPROVEM5T 9 ME*ANIZATION1 :I* 9CREASES PRODUCTION & SPE$S ! DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS1 MAKES ! 5TREPR5EUR EV] LESS DEP5D5T ON LIVE LABOR =CES & GIVES HIM ! OPPORTUNITY1 UND] ! PROTECTION ( ! P[] ( ! ,/ATE1 TO UTILIZE TO A GREAT] EXT5T ! WORK ( SOCIALLY WEAK ELEM5TS1 SU* AS WOM5 & *ILDR54 ,AS A RESULT1 9CREAS$ ME*ANIZATION IS ACCOMPANI$ BY A GR[? 9 UNEMPLOYM5T :I* 9EVITABLY MAKES ! HIR$ LABOR] 9CREAS+LY DEP5D5T ON CAPITAL1 AGGRAVATES ! EXT5T ( H] EXPLOITATION & 9CREASES H] POV]TY4 

,AT ! PRES5T TIME1 DUE TO ! PROGRESS 9 TE*NOLOGY & ! RESULTANT ECONOMY 9 TIME & HUMAN 5]GY1 ! POSSIBILITY EXI/S ( PRODUC+ MANY TIMES MORE GOODS ?AN >E REQUIR$ = ! SATISFACTION ( ! ESS5TIAL NE$S ( ALL ! PEOPLE4 ,& YET1 ?ANKS TO ,CAPITALI/ ORGANIZATION1 MILLIONS AMONG ! MASSES SUFF] FROM ! 9SUFFICI5CY ( 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTS1 HAVE NO *ANCE TO SATISFY EV5 !IR MO/ ELEM5T>Y NE$S 9 FOOD1 CLO?+1 H\S+ & $UCATION2 MILLIONS CANNOT F9D SUITABLE WORK1 & UNEMPLOYM5T1 9/EAD ( BE+ A P]IODICAL PH5OM5ON1 HAS BECOME A P]MAN5T ONE4 

,SU* CONDITIONS )9 ! ,CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES LEAD TO A DECREASE 9 ! PUR*AS+ ABILITY ( ! L>GE MASSES ( ! POPULATION1 ?US HAMP]+ ! DISPOSAL ( GOODS )9 ! C\NTRY4 ,GOODS :I* REMA9 UNDISPOS$ AT HOME >E S5T TO ! 9T]NATIONAL M>KET1 :]E !Y MU/ P]=CE COMPETE ) ?OSE ( O!R C\NTRIES4 ,! RESULT IS ECONOMIC CRISIS1 FOLL[$ BY A P]IOD ( DEPRESSION1 BR++ BANKRUPTCY TO ! SMALL 5T]PRISES & A L[]+ ( ! LIV+ /&>DS = ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 

,*AOS 9 PRODUCTION & UNLIMIT$ COMPETITION 9 ! M>KET HAVE L$ TO ! ORGANIZATION ( P[]FUL MONOPOLI/IC ,CAPITALI/ ASSOCIATIONS -- TRU/S1 C>TELS & SYNDICATES1 :I*1 S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 HAVE GA9$ TREM5D\S 9FLU5CE ON ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL LIFE 9 EA* 9DU/RIALLY DEVELOP$ C\NTRY4 ,FROM ?AT TIME ONW>DS ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,CAPITALISM FOLL[$ ! PA? ( COMB9+ 9DU/RIAL & F9ANCIAL CAPITAL4 ,IT 5T]$ A NEW PHASE 9 ITS EVOLUTION -- ! PHASE ( IMP]IALISM1 :I* IS ! F9AL /AGE ( ,CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 

,CAPITALISM 9 ITS PRES5T /AGE HAS REA*$ ! FULL MATURITY ( ,IMP]IALISM1 :5 F9ANCIAL CAPITAL HAS ASSUM$ ITS MO/ COMM&+ POSITIONS4 ,BEYOND ?IS PO9T1 ! ROAD ( ,CAPITALISM IS ! ROAD ( DET]IORATION1 A PROCESS :I* WILL BE PA9FULLY REFLECT$ 9 ! LIVES ( ! WORK+ POPULATION4 ,! SPECIFIC *>ACT]I/IC ( ,IMP]IALISM IS1 AS ,I HAVE SAID1 ! CONC5TRATION & C5TRALIZATION ( CAPITAL 9 SYNDICATES1 TRU/S & C>TELS1 :I* AT ! PRES5T TIME HAVE A DECISIVE VOICE1 NOT ONLY 9 ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL LIFE ( !IR C\NTRIES1 BUT ALSO 9 ! LIFE ( ! NATIONS ( ! WORLD AS A :OLE4 

,! 9T5SIVE EXPORT ( F9ANCIAL CAPITAL TO O!R C\NTRIES1 ! ORGANIZATION !RE ( 9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISES1 ! GREAT 9T]E/ 9 ! EXPLOITATION ( NATURAL RES\RCES & ( ! HUMAN LABOR =CE1 >E ALL SO CLOSELY L9K$ ) ! 9T]E/S ( ! NATIONAL IMP]IALI/S ?AT !Y HAVE ACTUALLY AB&ON$ ! IDEA ( ! 0FA!RL&0 AS A M]E PREJUDICE1 LEAV+ IT TO ?OSE !Y EXPLOIT1 & HAVE !MSELVES BECOME 9T]NATIONALI/S4 

,CAPITAL KN[S NO FA!RL&4 ,9 \R [N DAYS GIGANTIC TRU/S HAVE 5VELOP$ A NUMB] ( ,/ATES4 ,ALL !SE ASSOCIATIONS HAVE ONE & ! SAME PURPOSE -- ! DOM9ATION ( ! WORLD -- & !Y F9D !MSELVES 9 DEADLY CONFLICT ) EA* O!R4 ,SU* A CONDITION ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY BR+S =? A BITT] /RUGGLE = M>KETS4 ?IS /RUGGLE KEEPS ! C\NTRIES 9 A /ATE ( 0>M$ PEACE01 P]IODICALLY TURN+ 9TO W>1 AS IT DID 9 #a#i#a#d-#a#h4 ?IS ,IMP]IALI/ W> RESULT$ 9 AN UNEQUAL DIVISION ( ! WORLD AMONG ! VICTORS1 & HAS BR\<T AB\T A NEW & MORE 9T5SE RIVALRY :I* WILL 9EVITABLY LEAD TO A SECOND & EV5 MORE T]RIFY+ WORLD W> AT ! EXP5SE ( ! PROLET>IAT & ! PEASANTRY4 ,IMP]IALISM IS ! S\RCE ( W>1 & HUMANITY WILL SUFF] FROM W>S AS LONG AS ,CAPITALISM EXI/S4 

,! GR[? ( ,IMP]IALISM /ABILIZES UNEMPLOYM5T1 ON :I* IT FE$S1 & 9CREASES ! OPPRESSION ( ! TRU/S1 :I* IS SANCTIFI$ BY RELIGION & SUPPORT$ BY ! /ATE & BY LAW4 ?IS 9 TURN MAKES ! /RUGGLE ( ! PROLET>IAT EV5 H>D] & MORE COMPLICAT$4 ,YET1 BECAUSE ( ! GR[? ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS ON ! P>T ( ! EXPLOIT$1 ?AT /RUGGLE BECOMES EA* DAY MORE 9T5SE4 ,ALL ?IS R5D]S UTT]LY 9EVITABLE ! DE/RUCTION ( ! EXI/+ =MS ( SOCIETY & !IR EX*ANGE = A MORE P]FECT ORGANIZATION4 

,! GREATE/ ATTEMPTS 9 H]TORY AT SU* A *ANGEOV] TO NEW SOCIAL =MS HAVE BE5 ! REVOLUTIONS ( #a#i#a#g-#b#a 9 ,C5TRAL ,EUROPE1 & P>TICUL>LY 9 ,RUSSIA1 ALL ( :I* W]E ! RESULTS ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T & ,IMP]IALI/ W>4 ,NEI!R ! ,RUSSIAN NOR ! ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTIONS REALIZ$ ! GOALS SET !M BY H]TORY2 BUT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 9 ITS D[NFALL REVEAL$ ! NATURE ( ,/ATE SOCIALISM & ITS ME*ANISM1 DEMON/RAT+ ?AT !RE IS NO GREAT DIFF]5CE 9 PR9CIPLE BETWE5 A ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/ & A B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 ,BO? /RIVE = ! SOLUTION ( 9SOLUBLE TASKS3 TO H>MONIZE FRE$OM & P[]1 EQUALITY & EXPLOITATION1 PROSP]ITY & POV]TY4 ,IT %[$ ?AT BETWE5 !SE SOCIETIES1 SEEM+LY SO IRRECONCILABLE & SO ANTAGONI/IC TO EA* O!R1 !RE IS REALLY ONLY A QUANTITATIVE1 NOT A QUALITATIVE DIFF]5CE4 ,& ! ATTEMPT TO SOLVE ! SOCIAL PROBLEM BY UTILIZ+ ! ME?ODS 9H]5T 9 RIGID1 LOGICALLY-CONSI/5T P[] ,COMMUNISM1 AS 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 DEMON/RATES ?AT EV5 QUANTITY IS NOT ALWAYS ON ! SIDE ( AU?ORIT>IAN ,COMMUNISM & ?AT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 :5 LOGICALLY PURSU$ TO ! 5D1 IT RESEMBLES DESPOTISM 9 MANY WAYS4 

,! EXP]I5CE ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( P[] ,COMMUNISM 9 ,RUSSIA GIVES US ! OPPORTUNITY TO ANALYZE & EXPLA9 ITS /RUCTURE4 ,! PR9CIPAL ECONOMIC PECULI>ITY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE IS PRODUCTION = USE 79 :I* PRODUCTS DO NOT BECOME COMMODITIES7 ON ! BASIS ( BUREAUCRATIC RELATION%IPS1 :]E ALL MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 ALL DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS1 ALL ! PEOPLE'S LABOR1 & ! 9DIVIDUAL H]SELF1 BELONG FULLY TO ! ,/ATE1 :I* 9 TURN IS 9 ! H&S ( A SMALL CLASS ( ! BUREAUCRACY4 ,! RE/ ( ! POPULATION CONSI/S ( WORK]S1 =C$ TO GIVE !IR LABOR 5]GY TO ! ,/ATE ,TRU/1 & ) IT TO CREATE ! P[] ( ?IS ,TRU/1 AT ! SAME TIME 9CREAS+ ! ECONOMIC /&>DS ( ! ADM9I/RATIVE CLASS4 

,! NET ( BUREAUCRATIC 9DU/RIAL RELATION%IPS COV]S ! 5TIRE ECONOMIC LIFE ( SOCIETY1 & =CES ! WORK+ CLASS 9TO COMPLETE DEP5D5CE ON ! ,/ATE1 :I* DIVIDES ! POPULATION ACCORD+ TO OCCUPATIONS1 SUBORD9ATES !M TO ! RULE ( ! BUREAUCRACY1 COMPELS !M TO WORK UND] ! DIRECT CONTROL ( (FICIALS1 & VIEWS ! HUMAN P]SONALITY ONLY AS 0MANP[]04 ,! ,/ATE MOVES ITS MANP[] AB\T AS IT SEES FIT1 CONSID]+ ONLY ITS [N 9T]E/S1 & APPLIES MILIT>Y DISCIPL9E TO LABOR4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 ! ,COMMUNI/ /ATE TURNS ! WORK+ PEOPLE 9TO S\LLESS COGS 9 ! C5TRALIZ$ MA*9E1 GE>$ DUR+ !IR 5TIRE LIVES TO ! MAXIMUM FULFILLM5T ( PRODUCTION QUOTAS1 SUBJECT$ TO ! WILL ( ! ,/ATE1 & ALL[$ ONLY A M9IMUM ( ACTIVITY1 9ITIATIVE & 9DIVIDUAL WILL4 ,SU* A SITUATION CREATES SOCIAL 9EQUALITY1 /R5G!NS ! CLASS /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY1 & SOLIDIFIES ! RULE ( BUREAUCRACY4 

,AN 9EVITABLE RESULT ( SU* A SOCIAL ORGANIZATION IS ! P[]FUL POLICE /ATE1 :I* SUBORD9ATES ITSELF EV]Y PHASE ( ! CITIZ5'S LIFE4 ,BY /RONG C5TRALIZATION ( P[]1 ! ,COMMUNI/ /ATE SUBJECTS ALL ITS PEOPLE TO COMPLETE REGIM5TATION1 & WAT*ES OV] !M BY MEANS ( ORGANIZ$ ESPIONAGE4 ?IS SY/EM DE/ROYS ! FRE$OM ( MOVEM5T1 ASSOCIATION & MEET+1 ( SPEE* & ! PRESS1 ( 9DU/RIAL /RUGGLE1 ( $UCATION1 ( DWELL+ & ( P]SONAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,IT EV5 9VADES ! MO/ 9TIMATE RELATION%IPS BETWE5 ITS CITIZ5S4 

,! EVOLUTION ( SU* A SOCIETY WILL LEAD 9EVITABLY TO AN 9T5SIFICATION ( ITS 9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS &1 AS UND] ,CAPITALISM1 TO CLASS /RUGGLE ( A MORE DIFFICULT & CRUEL K9D ?AN EV] BE=E4 ,! ,RUSSIAN EXP]I5CE HAS DEMON/RAT$ ! IMPRACTICABILITY ( A SOCIAL /RUCTURE ( ?IS TYPE4 ,ITS BUILD]S >E =C$ TO R5\NCE AU?ORIT>IAN ,COMMUNISM 9 FAVOR EI!R ( FREE ,COMMUNISM1 REQUIR+ = ITS REALIZATION ! LIB]ATION ( ! PEOPLE FROM POLICE TUTOR%IP1 OR ( A CAPITALISM :I* CAN RETA9 ?IS TUTOR%IP4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS1 TO HOLD !IR P[]1 *OSE ! SECOND ROAD,N?AT ( ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM4 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 BEGUN 9 LIB]TY & ! LIQUIDATION ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 MADE A FULL CIRCLE1 &1 9 ACCEPT+ ! >I/OCRATIC PR9CIPLE ( DICTATOR%IP1 CAME BACK ?R\< 0,W> ,COMMUNISM0 TO ITS PO9T ( ORIG9 -- ,CAPITALISM4 ,H[EV]1 LIKE ! GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 IT LEFT TO ! WORLD AN IDEA :I* FROM ?AT TIME HAS BECOME ! FUNDAM5TAL ASPIRATION ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 ! GOAL = ,REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS AMONG ! WORK+ MASSES ( ALL C\NTRIES1 RACES & PEOPLES4 

,ONLY ! ,SYNDICALI/ REVOLUTION CAN LEAD ! PROLET>IAT & ! :OLE ( MANK9D ON ! ROAD TO TRUE FRE$OM1 EQUALITY & BRO!RHOOD4 ,IT ALONE CAN SAVE HUMANITY FROM W>S1 S9CE ALL ,/ATES1 H[EV] 0R$0 !Y MAY BE1 >E ,IMP]IALI/ BY NATURE4 ,) ! BANKRUPTCY ( ,/ATE ,COMMUNISM 9 ,RUSSIA1 & ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY 9 ,G]MANY1 ) ! EV] GR[+ CONTRADICTIONS )9 ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 ! /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+ MASSES AGA9/ ! EXI/+ SOCIAL ORD] IS GR[+ & EXP&+ ?R\<\T ! WORLD1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME CONT9U+ TE*NICAL PROGRESS,NRESULT+ 9 ! CON/ANT 5L>GEM5T ( 9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISES & ! SOCIALIZATION )9 !M ( ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESSES,NCREATES ! ESS5TIAL MAT]IAL PRE-REQUISITES = ! TRANSF] FROM A ,CAPITALI/ ECONOMY TO A MORE P]FECT ONE -- ?AT ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM4 ?IS TRANSF] WILL MAKE POSSIBLE & REALIZABLE A SUCCESSFUL SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION & SU*1 9DE$1 IS ! FUNDAM5TAL ASPIRATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T4 

,ONLY ! SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION IS CAPABLE ( DE/ROY+ PRIVATE PROP]TY & ITS MA9/AY1 ! ,/ATE2 ( E/ABLI%+ PUBLIC [N]%IP & A /ATELESS1 F$]ALI/IC ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY ON ! BASIS ( ! FREE ASSOCIATION ( PRODUCTIVE UNITS 9 FACTORIES & VILLAGES4 ,IT ALONE CAN ASSURE LIB]TY1 I4E4 ! WELL-BE+ & ! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 SOCIETY1 & ( SOCIETY ITSELF4 ,IT ALONE WILL /OP ! DIVISION ( SOCIETY 9TO CLASSES & WILL ABOLI% EV]Y POSSIBILITY ( ! EXPLOITATION OR RULE ( WOMAN BY WOMAN4 

,! EXP]I5CE ( ,RUSSIA HAS %[N ?AT AN ESS5TIAL CONDITION = ! SUCCESSFUL REALIZATION ( ! REVOLUTION IS ! COMMUNAL SYNDICALI/ /RUCTURE1 BAS$ ON ! PR9CIPLES ( AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM4 ?IS IS ! TRANSITION P]IOD1 LEAD+ EV5TUALLY TO COMPLETE ,AN>*Y & ,COMMUNISM1 :I* MU/ FOLL[ ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ,/ATE-,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,IT WILL P]MIT ! PROLET>IAT NOT ONLY7 TO SUPPRESS C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y OPPOSITION BY ! P>ASITIC CLASSES1 BUT ALSO TO AVOID SOCIAL DESPOTISM 9 A 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT0 OR 9 ANY O!R =MS4 

?IS TRANSITIONAL PHASE IS *>ACT]IZ$ BY ! FACT ?AT 9 IT1 AS ,BAKUN9 SAID1 0! L& BELONGS ONLY TO ?OSE :O WORK IT SI? !IR [N H&S -- I4E4 TO ! AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITIES4 ,CAPITAL & ALL MEANS ( PRODUCTION BELONG TO ! WORK]S I4E4 ! WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS40 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 0,ALL POLITICAL ORGANIZATION MU/ BE NO?+ MORE ?AN ! FREE F$]ATION ( FREE WORK]S1 BO? AGRICULTURAL & 9DU/RIAL40 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 9 POLITICS ,COMMUNALISM1 FREE F$]ATION ( FREE VILLAGES2 9 ECONOMY SYNDICALISM1 F$]ATION ( FREE FACTORIES & WORK%OPS AS AN ORGANIZATIONAL =M ( ,COMMUNISM4 ,9 SU* A SY/EM ! FACTORIES & VILLAGES1 UNIT$ AMONG !MSELVES1 WILL GRADUALLY DEVELOP 9TO PRODUC]-CONSUM] COMMUNES4 

0,VILLAGES & PLANTS10 SAID ,BAKUN91 0:I* WILL REORGANIZE 9 ?IS WAY FROM BEL[1 WILL NOT CREATE -- AT ! V]Y BEG9N+ -- AN ORGANIZATION ?AT IS 9 ALL PO9TS P]FECT ACCORD+ TO \R IDEAL4 ,BUT IT WILL BE A LIV+ ORGANIZATION1 &1 AS SU*1 A ?\S& TIMES BETT] ?AN ?OSE 9 EXI/5CE TODAY4 ?IS NEW ORGANIZATION1 :I* WILL ALWAYS BE OP5 TO PROPAG&A & :I* WILL NOT BE CAPABLE ( BECOM+ RIGID & 9FLEXIBLE BY MEANS ( ANY JURIDICAL SANCTIONS ( ! ,/ATE1 WILL PROGRESS FREELY1 DEVELOP+ & P]FECT+ ITSELF NOT ACCORD+ TO SOME PRE ORDA9$ PLAN1 NOT ACCORD+ TO DECREES & LAWS1 BUT ALWAYS 9 LIB]TY & VITALITY1 UNTIL IT A*IEVES A /AGE ( EFFICI5CY :I* WE CAN HOPE TO SEE 9 \R [N DAY40 

,! WORK+ CLASSES >E ?US CONFRONT$ ) ! GREAT GOAL ( ! LIB]ATION & R5AISSANCE ( ! WORLD4 ,! TASK ( 9T]NATIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALISM IS TO HELP ACTIVELY 9 ITS REALIZATION4 ,TO HA/5 ! QUICKE/ & MO/ JU/ SOLUTION TO ! H]TORIC PROBLEM FAC+ ! PROLET>IAT1 ! ,SYNDICALI/S1 B5EFIT+ BY ! EXP]I5CE ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 ( REVOLUTIONS & P>TICUL>LY ( ! GREAT H]TORIC EXP]IM5T 9 ,RUSSIA1 >E DEVLOP+ ! CONCRETE TASKS = ! TRANSITION P]IOD 7! TIME ( PASSAGE FROM ,CAPITALISM TO AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM7 & GIV+ IT A POSITIVE CONT5T1 TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ! MA9 ASPIRATIONS & TR5DS ( ! AGE4 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALISM 5VISAGES ! MA9 TASKS ( ?IS TRANSITION P]IOD ALONG ! L9ES 9DICAT$ 9 ! FOLL[+ *APT]S4 

,SECTION #a3 ,! ,ECONOMY 

,MANUFACTUR+ ,9DU/RY 

,! EXP]I5CES ( ! ,IMP]IALI/ W> & ! UNSUCCESSFUL SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA HAVE PROV$ ?AT ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IS NOT AS RI* AS HAD =M]LY BE5 !ORETICALLY ASSUM$4 

,! EXP]I5CE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAS FUR!R DEMON/RAT$ ! ECONOMIC TRU? ?AT ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9CREASES DEM& & DIM9I%ES PRODUCTION2 IT HAS ALSO %[N ?AT ! C\NTRY :I* RAISES ! BANN] ( REVOLUTION WILL 9EVITABLY F9D ITSELF FAC$ BY AN AGGRESSIVELY-9T5TION$ B\RGEOIS 5CIRCLEM5T4 

,! CIRCUM/ANCES ABOVE RESULT 9 %ORTAGE & HUNG]4 ,H5CE IT IS ESS5TIAL TO PREP>E 9 ADVANCE ! PRACTICAL MEASURES :I* CAN PREV5T OR CONSID]ABLY DIM9I% SU* UN=TUNATE CONSEQU5CES4 ,!SE MEASURES >E CONC]N$ ) H[1 BY :OM & ON :AT PR9CIPLES PRODUCTION & ! PROTECTION ( ! REVOLUTION CAN BE ORGANIZ$4 

,! EXP]I5CE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAS DEF9ITELY EMPHASIZ$ ! DANG]\S & H>MFUL *>ACT] ( ! COMPULSORY PR9CIPLE 9 PRODUCTION2 ! ,SYNDICALI/S %>PLY REJECT COMPULSORY 9DU/RIAL MOBILIZATION1 LABOR BATTALIONS1 OR ANY O!R SIMIL> UND]TAK+S4 ,! MA9 PR9CIPLE ( SYNDICALIS$ PRODUCTION IS ! ,FRE$OM ( LABOR1 IE4 EV]YBODY'S RI<T TO *OOSE FREELY ! TYPE ( ACTIVITY MO/ ATTRACTIVE TO HIM1 & ! RI<T TO *ANGE FREELY FROM ONE TYPE ( WORK TO ANO!R4 ,! NEW SOCIETY1 RESULT+ FROM ! SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 WILL FROM ! FIR/ DAY ( ITS EXI/5CE SEEK WAYS & MEANS TO ASSURE ! 9TEGRATION ( LABOR1 SO ?AT MONOTONY MAY NOT CRIPPLE WOMAN BO? SPIRITUALLY & PHYSICALLY4 ,9 ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY ONE SEES A COMPLETE SEP>ATION BETWE5 9DU/RIAL & AGRICULTURAL LABOR1 :ILE \R ,SYNDICALI/ SOCIETY WILL /EADFA/LY 5DEAVOR TO BR+ AB\T EV] CLOS] COORD9ATION ( 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE & WILL SEEK MEANS BY :I* TO ALL[ WORK]S TO ALT]NATE & COMB9E WORK 9 ! FACTORY & ON ! L&4 

,! EXP]I5CE ( ! ORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RY 9 ,RUSSIA HAS %[N ?AT ! PR9CIPLE ( C5TRALIZATION 9 PRODUCTION LEADS TO BUREAUCRATIZATION ( ! 5TIRE 9DU/RIAL APP>ATUS1 TO ! EM]G5CE ( AN (FICIAL CLASS1 TO ! REMOVAL ( ! PRODUC]S FROM ! ADM9I/RATION ( ! SOCIAL ECONOMY1 TO ! /RANGL+ ( 9DEP5D5T ACTIVITY ON ! P>T ( ! WORK]S1 & TO ECONOMIC CRISIS4 ,9 VIEW ( H] EXP]I5CE1 ! ,SYNDICALI/S WILL CON/RUCT ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION ON ! BASIS ( TE*NICAL CONC5TRATION & ADM9I/RATIVE DEC5TRALIZATION4 

,9 ?IS WAY ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAS GIV5 US ! OPPORTUNITY TO AVOID ITS [N ]RORS & TO SOLVE ! PROBLEMS ( ! ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION 9 H>MONY ) ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,ITS EXP]I5CE PROVES1 AS ,KROPOTK9 SAID1 ?AT3 0,NO ,/ATE IS CAPABLE ( ORGANIZ+ PRODUCTION AS LONG AS ! WORK]S DO NOT TAKE IT 9 H& ?R\< ! M$IUM ( !IR ,TRADE ,UNIONS40 ,BUT TO CONV9CE ! WORK+ MASSES ( ! NE$ TO 9 CREASE ! PRODUCTION ( CONSUM]S' GOODS1 TO 9DUCE !M TO DIRECT !IR EF=TS & 5]GIES FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+ T[>DS ?IS GOAL1 IT IS ESS5TIAL ?AT 0ALL PUBLIC CONSID]ATION ( ! NATIONAL ECONOMY1 :I* FROM OLD HABIT IS N[ LEFT TO A FLOCK ( ALL K9DS ( M9I/]S & COMMITTEES1 %\LD BE PRES5T$ 9 SIMPLE =M TO EV]Y COMMUNITY1 VILLAGE & CITY1 TO EV]Y FACTORY & PLANT1 AS !IR [N P]SONAL AFFAIR1 & %\LD BE LEFT = ! WORK]S TO ADM9I/] !MSELVES0 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! 5TIRE WORK+ POPULATION4 

,ON ! BASIS ( ! ABOVE CONSID]ATIONS1 ,SYNDICALI/S BELIEVE IT ESS5TIAL TO 9/ILL 9TO ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! WORK+ MASSES AS A :OLE ! NE$ = 0! ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION ACCORD+ TO ! PR9CIPLES ( SOCIALIZATION & DEC5TRALIZATION1 ON ! BASIS ( SOCIAL LABOR CONTROL OV] ! SOCIALIZ$ MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,ALL ?IS WILL BE POSSIBLE ONLY ) ! SUB/ITUTION ( A ,SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATION = ! PRES5T 9DU/RIAL /RUCTURE1 I4E4 ! SYNDICALISATION ( PRODUOTION1 9VOLV+ ITS TRANSF] 9TO ! H&S ( ! WORK]S 9 ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 UNIT$ ON /RAI<T 9DU/RIAL L9ES & CONC$+ FULL AUTONOMY TO EA* L9K ( ! ORGANIZATIONAL *A9 :ILE TRANS=M+ !M GRADUALLY 9TO PRODUC]-CONSUM] COMMUNES40 

,9 ACCORDANCE ) ,REVOLUTION>Y EXP]I5CE 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! ORGANIZATIONAL APP>ATUS ( SYNDICALIS$ PRODUCTION MU/ RELY ON ! SIMPLE/ =MS ( ASSOCIATION1 :I* >E 9TIMATE & 9TELLIGIBLE TO ! WORK]S2 ASSOCIATIONS ROOT$ 9 ! ,REVOLUTION & READY TO LEAVE PRODUCTION TO ! DIRECT ADM9I/RATION ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES1 EG4 FACTORY-MANAGEM5T COMMITTEES *>G$ ) ORGANIZ+ ! WORK]S' CONTROL (1 PLANTS 9 EA* LOCALITY4 

,9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! SUCCESSFUL REALIZATION ( ,COMMUNISM 9 9DU/RY1 & ( ! SMOO? FUNCTION+ & EFFICI5CY ( EA* PRODUCTION PROCESS1 AS WELL AS TO PREV5T ! *ANCE ( SEIZURE ( 9DIVIDUAL 5T]PRISES = ! EXCLUSIVE PRIVATE USE ( ?OSE :O WORK !RE1 A SY/EM ( UNIFICATION WILL HAVE TO BE E/ABLI%$4 

?IS UNIFICATION1 )\T DE/ROY+ ! FRE$OM ( 9DIVIDUAL SECTIONS1 WILL PROVIDE ! NECESS>Y TE*NICAL1 /ATI/ICAL & ADM9I/RATIVE L9KS TO JO9 ALL 9DU/RIES & PRODUCTION 9TO ONE ORGANIC :OLE4 7,KROPOTK91 PAGE #b#c74 

?IS SY/EM HAS ! FOLL[+ CATEGORIES3 

,! ,SELF-,ADM9I/]$ ,FACTORY -- PRODUC]S' COMMUNE4 

,! ,PRODUCTION ,ASSOCIATIONS ( FACTORY COMMUNES4 

,! ,UNION ( ,PRODUCTIVE ,ASSOCIATIONS4 

,! ,G5]AL ,CONGRESS ( ,LABOR 7,C\NCIL ( ,PEOPLE'S ,ECONOMY & ,CULTURE74 

,PRODUCTION1 ORGANIZ$ ALONG !SE L9ES1 WILL BE ADM9I/]$ ON ! PR9CIPLES ( COMMITTEE DIRECTION1 ( BROAD PUBLIC CONTROL ?R\< ! G5]AL UTILIZATION ( ! PR9CIPLE ( ! RI<T TO RECALL DELEGATES4 ,AS TO 9T]NAL ORD]1 ! PR9CIPLE ( SELF-DISCIPL9E WILL REMOVE ! NE$ = ALL MANN] ( DISCIPL9>Y 9/ITUTIONS4 

,AS ! EXP]I5CE ( ,RUSSIA HAS %[N1 ! TASK ( 9CREAS+ PRODUCTIVITY & ! SCI5TIFIC ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION WILL DEM&1 AS LONG AS ! WORK+ MASSES LACK SCI5TIFIC & TE*NICAL KN[L$GE1 A BROADM9D$ & COMPREH5SIVE UTILIZATION ( ! TE*NICAL 9TELLIG5TSIA :O WILL REMA9 AS A LEGACY ( ! ,CAPITALI/ /RUCTURE4 ,EV5 ?\< ! MAJORITY ( ?IS 9TELLIG5TSIA IS IMM]S$ 9 B\RGEOIS T5D5CIES1 ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,REVOLUTION NEV]!LESS DEM& ?AT !IR RI<TS %\LD 9 NO WAY BE LIMIT$3 EQUALITY = ALL IS NECESS>Y FROM ! FIR/ DAY ( ! SOCIAL UPHEAVAL4 

,S9CE !RE IS NO POSSIBILITY ( IMM$IATELY E/ABLI%+ FULL ,COMMUNISM 9 CONSUMPTION ON ! PR9CIPLE3 0TO EA* ACCORD+ TO H] NE$S10 A NUMB] ( PRACTICAL /EPS WILL BE NECESS>Y TO LEAD TO ITS REALIZATION4 

,! FIR/ ( !SE IS ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! PR9CIPLE3 0EQUAL %>ES = ALL40 ,EQUAL %>+1 9 ACCORDANCE ) 9CREAS+ PRODUCTION 9 ,SYNDICALI/ 9DU/RY MU/1 LITTLE BY LITTLE1 BECOME ! NORMAL RULE1 & GRADUALLY FACILITATE ! APPROA* TO REALIZ+ ! AXIOM3 TO EA* ACCORD+ TO H] NE$S4 

,! CRIT]ION ( ! EQUAL %>E MU/ BE ! M9IMUM NECESS>Y = SUBSI/5CE1 ) SUPPLEM5T>Y ALL[ANCES = DEP5D5TS4 ,! SIZE ( ! RATION WILL GR[ ) ! 9CREASE 9 WEAL? ( ! NATIONAL COMMUNE4 ,AS = H&ICRAFT1 HOME 9DU/RIES & SMALL SCALE 9DU/RY1 ! ,SYNDICALI/S1 REJECT+ ! IDEA ( !IR COMPULSORY 9TEGRATION 9TO L>GE-SCALE PRODUCTION1 WILL IMPLEM5T ! PR9CIPLE ( COOP]ATION1 GRANT+ !M FULL OPPORTUNITY & FRE$OM ( 9ITIATIVE4 ,! ,SYNDICALI/S /RIVE ONLY = ! ASSOCIATION ( ! SCATT]$ EF=TS ( 9DIVIDUAL CRAFTSM5 & SMALL 5T]PRISES ?R\< FREE COOP]ATIVES ADAPT$ TO !IR NE$S1 SO ?AT !Y MAY UTILIZE ALL ! ADVANTAGES ( SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGY4 

,BASIC ,9DU/RY 

,I4 ,AGRICULTURE 

,AGRICULTURE IS ! MO/ IMPORTANT BRAN* ( ! BASIC 9DU/RIES1 NOT ONLY [+ TO ! 5ORM\S NUMB] ( PEOPLE 5GAG$ 9 IT 9 ALL C\NTRIES1 BUT ALSO [+ TO ! ROLE IT PLAYS 9 ! LIFE ( A NATION4 

,! FATE ( ,COMMUNISM DEP5DS TO A GREAT EXT5T ON AGRICULTURE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 AGRICULTURE IS ! MO/ DIFFICULT FIELD = COMMUNIZATION4 ,H]E ! POSITIVE ASPECT ( ,CAPITALISM1 :I* CONSI/S 9 ! ME*ANIZATION ( PRODUCTION & ! SOCIALIZATION ( LABOR1 IS 9SIGNIFICANT4 ,= ?AT REASON AGRICULTURE1 9 ! TE*NICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL S5SE1 IS ! MO/ RET>D$ BRAN* ( PRODUCTION4 ,T5S ( MILLIONS ( AGRICULTURAL UNITS PRES5T AN UNORGANIZ$1 9DIVIDUALI/IC1 SMALL-[N]%IP ELEM5T :I*1 AP>T FROM ITS TE*NOLOGICAL BACKW>DNESS1 IS AN OB/ACLE 9 ! PA? ( ,COMMUNISM :I* WILL BE DIFFICULT TO SURM\NT4 ?IS FACT IS TREM5D\SLY IMPORTANT1 S9CE ! =MS ( L& [N]%IP & ! TE*NIQUE ( L& CULTIVATION >E AN 9DICATION ( ! EXT5T & ! *>ACT] ( ! SOCIAL REORGANIZATION ?AT IS POSSIBLE 9 A GIV5 TIME4 

,CAPITALISM1 BY UNIT+ 9DIVIDUAL PRODUC]S 9 ONE 5T]PRISE1 SOCIALIZES LABOR & 9 ?IS WAY PREP>ES ! GR\ND = ! SOCIALIZATION ( [N]%IP :I* 9EVITABLY LEADS TO A COMMUNIZATION ( PRODUCTION4 ,IT CREATES A PROTOTYPE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ =M ( ORGANIZ+ LABOR & [N]%IP -- ! FACTORY AS ! FREE PRODUC]-CONSUM] COMMUNE ( ! FUTURE4 ,9 MANUFACTUR+ & 9 SOME BRAN*ES ( ! PRIM>Y 9DU/RIES1 CAPITALISM HAS ?US ALREADY PREP>$ ! GR\ND = ,COMMUNISM & ! SYNDICALISATION ( 9DU/RY BY ! EXPROPRIATION ( CAPITALI/S & ! ,/ATE -- TODAY ! IMP]ATIVE & ! ONLY FEASIBLE SOLUTION TO ! WORK+MAN'S PROBLEM4 ,SOCIALIZ$ LABOR FACILITATES ?IS TRANSITION TO COMMUNI/ [N]%IP BY WAY ( SYNDICALISATION4 

,! /ORY IS F> DIFF]5T 9 AGRICULTURE4 ,H]E ! SOCIALIZ+ =CE ( CAPITALISM IS 9SIGNIFICANT2 ! SMALL-SCALE PEASANT F>M IS ! PR$OM9ANT TYPE ( AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION1 9 :I* 9DIVIDUAL [N]%IP & 9DIVIDUALIZ$ LABOR >E 9EVITABLE COMPON5TS4 ?IS IMPORTANT FACT R5D]S ! PROCESS ( TRANSITION ( AGRICULTURE TO COMMUNISM ! OPPOSITE TO ?AT ( 9DU/RY4 

,9 9DU/RY COLLECTIVE LABOR LEADS 9EVITABLY1 ?R\< EXPROPRIATION TO COLLECTIVE [N]%IP4 ,9 AGRICULTURE1 COLLECTIVE [N]%IP WILL LEAD TO COLLECTIVE LABOR4 

,COLLECTIVE [N]%IP 9 AGRICULTURE DOES NOT1 H[EV]1 BY ITSELF IMPLY COLLECTIVE LABOR :I*1 9 ! PRIMITIVE MANAGEM5T CONDITIONS ( AN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY BAS$ ON T5S ( MILLIONS ( SCATT]$ PEASANT F>MS1 C\LD NOT TO ANY CONSID]ABLE EXT5T *ANGE ! CONDITIONS NECESS>Y = SUCCESSFUL PRODUCTION4 ,COLLECTIVE [N]%IP WILL LEAD TO COLLECTIVE LABOR ONLY ?R\< A CONV]SION FROM EXT5SIVE TO 9T5SIVE AGRICULTURE1 & A ME*ANIZATION ( F>M+1 REPLAC+ ! PRIMITIVE ME?ODS ( CULTIVATION BY ?OSE :I*1 BY !IR NATURE1 DEM& ! UNIFICATION ( ! WORK+ EF=TS ( SEV]AL MEMB]S ( AN AGRICULTURAL COMMUNE4 ,BUT1 S9CE COMMUNAL HABITS CANNOT BE ALT]$ BY DECREE1 & S9CE !IR TRANS=MATION DEP5DS ON ! GRADUAL AGGREGATION ( 9SIGNIFICANT *ANGES1 ! SOCIALIZATION ( LABOR :I* W\LD COMPLETE ! COMMUNIZATION ( AGRICULTURE WILL TAKE A CONSID]ABLE P]IOD4 

,! SOCIALIZATION ( AGRICULTURE1 !N1 CONSI/S ( TWO ELEM5TS3 

,SOCIALIZATION ( ! ORIG9AL MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 I4E4 ! L&4 

,SOCIALIZATION ( LABOR4 

,! SOCIALIZATION ( ! L& IS A REVOLUTION>Y & COMPULSORY ACT :OSE SUCCESS DEP5DS ON =CE2 ! SOCIALIZATION ( LABOR IS A PROCESS1 REQUIR+ = ITS DEVELOPM5T SPECIFIC CIRCUM/ANCES :I* DO NOT AS YET EXI/ & :I* MU/ BE CREAT$ 9 CONDITIONS ( COLLECTIVISM 9 L& [N]%IP4 

,! COMMUNIZATION ( AGRICULTURE1 9 O!R WORDS1 HAS TWO ASPECTS :OSE EM]G5CE DOES NOT CO9CIDE 5TIRELY 9 T]MS ( TIME4 ,H5CE ! ,SYNDICALI/ PROGRAM = ! COMMUNIZATION ( AGRICULTURE FALLS 9TO TWO SECTIONS3 SOCIALIZATION ( L& & SOCIALIZATION ( LABOR4 

,SOCIALIZATION ( ,L&4 

,COMPLETE ABOLITION ( [N]%IP 9 L& -- 9DIVIDUAL1 GR\P1 COOP]ATIVE1 COMMUNAL1 MUNICIPAL OR ,/ATE4 ,! L& IS PUBLIC PROP]TY4 

,! FACT ( SOCIALIZATION WILL )DRAW L& FROM ! COMMODITY M>KET2 NO-ONE WILL HAVE ! RI<T TO BUY1 SELL OR R5T L& OR TO DRAW UNE>N$ 9COME FROM IT4 ,EV]YONE WILL HAVE TO WORK IT BY P]SONAL OR COOP]ATIVE EF=T4 

,EV]YONE WILL HAVE AN EQUAL RI<T TO AN EQUAL >EA ( L& & TO APPLY H] LABOR FREELY TO IT4 

,! G5]AL =M ( L& UTILIZATION1 & ! >EA TO BE AVAILABLE = EA* P]SON'S USE1 WILL BE DET]M9$ BY A ,NATIONAL ,CONGRESS ( ! ,ASSOCIATION ( ,PEASANT ,COMMUNES :I* WILL =M P>T ( ! G5]AL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR4 

,AS 9 ! V>I\S BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY :I* WILL BE UND] ! MANAGEM5T ( ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS CONC]N$1 ! L&1 L& MANAGEM5T1 RESETTLEM5T & ALL AGRICULTURAL MATT]S MU/ BE 9 ! H&S ( ! ,ASSOCIATION ( ,PEASANT ,COMMUNES4 

,SOCIALIZATION ( ,LABOR 

,! SOCIALIZATION ( L& IS AN ESS5TIAL PRECONDITION = ! SOCIALIZATION ( LABOR :I* W\LD COMPLETE ! PROCESS ( COMMUNIZATION ( AGRICULTURE4 ,ONLY :]E LABOR & [N]%IP >E BO? SOCIALIZ$1 DOES ! PRODUCT ( LABOR ALSO BECOME SOCIALIZ$1 I4E4 FULL COMMUNISM BECOMES A REALITY4 

,! SOCIETY ?AT EM]GES FROM ! ,REVOLUTION1 AFT] IT HAS SOCIALIZ$ ! MANUFACTUR+ & 9 P>T ! BASIC 9DU/RIES1 MU/ SEEK ! ME?ODS :I* WILL PLACE ! AGRICULTURAL POPULATION ON AN EQUAL1 OR ALMO/ EQUAL1 FOOT+ ) ! URBAN POPULATION1 S9CE AN ABS5CE ( EQUILIBRIUM FAVOR+ ! LATT] MI<T RESULT 9 A SPONTANE\S FL[ ( ! AGRICULTURAL POPULATION 9TO ! CITIES1 :I* 9 TURN W\LD RESULT 9 GREAT ECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES & ! DISORGANIZATION ( ! PRODUCTION APP>ATUS4 

,FULL H>MONY ( ! AGRICULTURAL REGIME ) ! REGIME ( SOCIALIZ$ 9DU/RY IS POSSIBLE ONLY ) COMMUNISM 9 AGRICULTURE4 ,!RE=E ! ORGANIZATION ( F>M+ COMMUNES MU/ BE ON ! AG5DA FROM ! FIR/ DAYS ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,PROCE$+ TO ! ORGANIZATION ( COMMUNISM 9 AGRICULTURE1 ,SYNDICALI/S SEE PROGRESS NEI!R 9 ! DE/RUCTION ( ! SMALL PE@>@>ANT F>MS NOR 9 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( MAMMO? ECONOMIC UNITS1 & !Y CONSID] COMPULSORY G5]AL LABOR S]VICE A REACTION>Y PH5OM5ON4 ,9/EAD1 !Y AIM AT ! COORD9ATION ( ! LABOR EF=TS ( SMALL UNITS ON A VOLUNT>Y BASIS1 COMPATIBLE ) ! FRE$OM ( BO? ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! COLLECTIVES4 

,! ECONOMIC =MS ( !SE UNITS W\LD BE3 7A7 COOP]ATIVE1 AS MO/ ACCESSIBLE TO ! CONSCI\SNESS & LEVEL ( DEVELOPM5T ( ! MAJORITY ( ! AGRICULTURAL POPULATION1 :I* 9 G5]AL WILL BE UNABLE TO REL9QUI% ECONOMIC 9DIVIDUALISM1 OR 7B7 COMMUNI/IC1 9 ! =M ( FREE AGRICULTURAL COMMUNES :I* WILL =M P>T ( ! 5TIRE COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY 9 ! SAME MANN] & ON ! SAME CONDITIONS AS DO ! FACTORIES4 

,9 ! 9T]E/S ( EFFICI5T PRODUCTION ! AGRICULTURAL COMMUNES MU/ NOT BE TOO L>GE4 ,A NORMAL-SIZ$ EXAMPLE W\LD HE AN ASSOCIATION ( T5 PEASANT F>MS ( AV]AGE PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY1 NOT 9CLUD+ ! H\SEHOLDS1 :I* %\LD REMA9 SEP>ATE4 ,DEP5D+ ON V>Y+ LOCAL CONDITIONS ! AGRICULTURAL COMMUNES MI<T1 & W\LD1 CONSI/ ALSO ( UNIFI$ SETTLEM5TS1 NOT BROK5 UP 9TO F>MS1 AS WELL AS ( COOP]ATIVES4 

,9 ?IS MANN] AGRICULTURE 9 ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD W\LD BE RUN BY ?REE FUNDAM5TAL TYPES ( ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION3 7A7 9DIVIDUAL1 7B7 COOP]ATIVE1 & 7C7 COMMUNI/IC4 ,! PR$OM9ANT TYPE DUR+ ! FIR/ W\LD W\LD D\BTLESS BE ! 9DIVIDUAL UNIT4 

,TO MAKE C]TA9 ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL =MS ( AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY >E REMOV$ SPE$ILY & SUCCESSFULLY1 ?US TRANS=M+ ! 5TIRE C\NTRY 9TO ONE PRODUC]-CONSUM] COMMUNE1 ME?ODS MU/ BE S\<T :I* BY !IR NATURE W\LD PROPEL ! 9DIVIDUALI/IC ELEM5TS LOGICALLY & 9EVITABLY ON TO ! PA? ( COMMUNISM & ?US REMOVE ! CORRUPT+ 9FLU5CES ( ! 9DIVIDUALI/IC SY/EM ( AGRICULTURE ON ! SOCIALIZ$ ECONOMY4 ,!SE ME?ODS %\LD NOT ONLY LESS5 ! DISCORD BETWE5 TWO CONTRA/+ ECONOMIC SY/EMS1 BUT ALSO E/ABLI% ! H>MONY ESS5TIAL TO ! NORMAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! PROCESS ( SOCIALIZ+ LABOR & AGRICULTURE4 ,! OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS DICTATE TWO TYPES ( ME?OD3 7,A7 A SY/EM ( (F5SIVE MEASURES & 7,B7 A SY/EM ( DEF5SIVE MEASURES4 

,SY/EM ( (F5SIVE MEASURES1 I4E4 MEASURES ( DIRECT ACTION T[>DS HA/5+ ! SOCIALIZATION ( LABOR 9 AGRICULTURE1 CONSI/+ (3 

,SOCIALIZATION )\T EXCEPTION ( ALL AGRICULTURAL UNITS 9 :I* LABOR IS ALREADY SOCIALIZ$ BY ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION ITSELF1 [+ TO ME*ANIZATION4 ,! 9CLUSION ( !SE UNITS 9 ! G5]AL SY/EM ( COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY ON ! SAME CONDITIONS AS ! FACTORIES4 

,SOCIALIZATION ( ALL 5T]PRISES 5GAG$ 9 ! PROCESS+ ( AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS & !IR 9CLUSION 9 ! SY/EM ( COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY ON ! SAME CONDITIONS AS O!R PROCESS+ 9DU/RIES4 

,SOCIALIZATION & COOP]ATION 9 ?OSE BRAN*ES ( AGRICULTURE :I* >E CLOSELY H\ND ) PROCESS+ 9DU/RIES1 SU* AS SUG>1 TEXTILE1 W9E1 TOBACCO1 ETC4 & ! 9CORPORATION ( ! AGRICULTURAL COMMUNES CONC]N$ 9TO ! G5]AL SY/EM ( ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY4 

,SOCIALIZATION ( L>GE-SCALE FL\R MILLS & CREAM]IES ) !IR 9CLUSION 9TO ! G5]AL SY/EM ( ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY1 & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( COOP]ATIVES AMONG SMALL FL\R MILLS & CREAM]IES4 

,ORGANIZATION ( ASSOCIATIONS = ! COMMON CULTIVATION ( L&4 

,E/ABLI%M5T ( NEW AGRICULTURAL SETTLEM5TS ON ! BASIS ( FULL COMMUNISM1 ) !IR 9CLUSION 9TO ! G5]AL SY/EM ( ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY1 AS WELL AS ! ORGANIZATION ( NEW SETTLEM5TS ON ! BASIS ( ASSOCIATIONS = ! COMMON CULTIVATION ( ! L&4 

,9DU/RIALIZATION ( AGRICULTURE1 I4E4 UNIFICATION ( AGRICULTURE ) 9DU/RY1 BY MEANS ( ! ]ECTION 9 APPROPRIATE AGRICULTURAL >EAS ( 9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISES PROCESS+ AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS -- I4E4 TEXTILES1 SUG>1 FRUIT & VEGETABLE CANN+1 TOBACCO4 BE]1 W9E & SPIRITS1 />* & MOLASSES1 ROPE & TW9E1 ETC4 ,! E/ABLI%M5T ( COMPOSITE AGRO-9DU/RIAL UNITS1 ) ! 9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISE 9 ! C5T]1 :I*1 BY VIRTUE ( !IR ORGANIZATION ( LABOR & ! CONNECTION ( ! 9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISE ) ! SUPPLI]S ( RAW MAT]IALS1 WILL BE ( ! FOLL[+ TYPES3 

,COMMUNI/IC 9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISES ( ! USUAL K9D COOP]AT+ ) ! SURR\ND+ 9DIVIDUALI/IC AGRICULTURAL UNITS ON ! BASIS ( COMM]CIAL BOOK-KEEP+1 LIKE ! ,RUSSIAN CREAM]Y PRODUC] COOP]ATIVES4 

,COMPOSITE AGRO-9DU/RIAL UNITS -- AS A L9K 9 ! G5]AL COMMUNI/IC ECONOMIC *A9 -- :I* WILL WORK SEASONALLY & :OSE 9DU/RIAL WORK]S WILL TAKE P>T 9 AGRICULTURE DUR+ ! P]IODS ( MO/ 9T5SIVE FIELD LABOR & :OSE F>M WORK]S WILL WORK 9 9DU/RY DUR+ ! P]IODS ( 9ACTIVITY ON ! L&4 

,COMPOSITE UNITS WORK+ CONT9U\SLY1 :]E ! FIELDS SURR\ND+ ! 5T]PRISE1 TOGE!R ) ! 5T]PRISE ITSELF1 >E UNIT$ & LABOR IS ORGANIZ$ 9 SU* A WAY ?AT EA* MEMB]4 TAK+ H] TURN1 WORKS DEF9ITE H\RS DAILY 9 ! FIELD & 9 ! FACTORY4 

,SY/EM ( ,DEF5SIVE ,MEASURES1 I4E4 ,MEASURES ( 9TEGRAT+ ! MILLIONS ( 9DIVIDUALI/IC UNITS & !IR RECIPROCAL ACTIVITIES ) ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY ( ! C\NTRY1 CONSI/+ PRIM>ILY ( ! COMPREH5SIVE P]MEATION ( ! SY/EM ( 9DIVIDUALI/IC UNITS BY V>I\S TYPES ( COOP]ATIVES -- CR$IT COOP]ATIVES1 PRODUC]S' & SUBSIDI>Y COOP]ATIVES4 

,! SY/EM ( DEF5SIVE MEASURES WILL BELONG TO ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD & ALL 9/ITUTIONS E/ABLI%$ 9 CONNECTION !RE) L ILL AFT]W>DS GRADUALLY DISAPPE> OR WILL HE CONV]T$ 9TO 9/ITUTIONS ( ! FREE PRODUC]-CONSUM] COMMUNES4 ,H5CE ! CO OP]ATIVES ( ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD CANNOT BE COPIES ( ?OSE DEVELOP+ )9 ! LIMITS ( ! CAPITALI/ /RUCTURE4 ,! 9T]E/S ( ! TRANSITION TO COMMUNISM DEM& 9T]NAL ORGANIZATIONAL UNITY1 & ! FULFILLM5T ( COMPLEX FUNCTIONS BY LOCAL COLLECTIVITIES :I* WILL BE UNIT$ 9 !IR DIV]SITY ?R\< ! PROCESS ( F$]ALIZATION4 

,! TASKS ( ! PEASANT COOP]ATIVES 9 ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD WILL BE TO PROVIDE ! SOLE LIAISON BETWE5 ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY ( ! C\NTRY 9 G5]AL & ! 9DIVIDUALI/IC AGRICULTURAL UNITS :I* IT SURR\NDS1 TO ORGANIZE = !SE TWO DIV]G5T ECONOMIC SY/EMS ! TRUE & NATURAL F9ANCIAL EX*ANGE PROCESS & TO CONV]T !MSELVES GRADUALLY 9TO ! DI/RIBUT+ AG5CIES ( A UNIFI$ LABOR COMMUNE4 

,! BASIC COLLECTIVE UNIT ( ! COOP]ATIVES WILL BE ! AGRICULTURAL VILLAGE ASSOCIATION1 COMB9+ ! LOCAL FUNCTIONS ( DI/RIBUTION1 BUY+-&-SELL+1 PROCESS+1 SUBSIDI>Y PRODUCTION1 /UD F>MS1 MA*9E-R5T+ /ATIONS1 H\SE BUILD+ & RADIOELECTRIC ASSOCIATIONS4 ,UNIONS ( VILLAGE ASSOCIATIONS1 COV]+ ! 5TIRE C\NTRY & HEAD$ BY ! ,HI< ,C\NCIL ( VILLAGE ASSOCIATIONS1 WILL 5T] 9TO CLOSE CONTACT ) ! ORGANS ( ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY1 & WILL REPRES5T ! ORGANIZATIONAL SY/EM ( 9DIVIDUALI/IC AGRICULTURE1 BAS$ ON ! CONCEPT ( FULL 9DEP5D5CE = ! POPULATION ITSELF4 

,! ,AGRICULTURAL ,BANKS = CR$IT 9 CA% & GOODS1 ORGANIZ$ BY ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY1 WILL HAVE MANY DEP>TM5TS1 & WILL DEAL ) ! AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATIONS ON FUNCTIONAL L9ES4 ,AP>T FROM !IR CR$IT & LOAN ACTIVITIES1 !SE ,BANKS WILL CONDUCT ALL OP]ATIONS ( EX*ANGE1 BO? )9 ! C\NTRY & ABROAD4 

,S9CE ! VILLAGE ASSOCIATIONS WILL EM]GE )9 ! BASIC ASSOCIATIONS :I* APPORTION ! L&1 I4E4 ! ,PEASANT ,COMMUNES1 ! TWO MU/ BECOME UNIFI$ ORGANS AUTONOM\SLY FULFILL+ !IR SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS4 

,CATTLE ,RAIS+ 

,LIKE CULTIVATION1 CATTLE RAIS+ IS ( GREAT IMPORTANCE 9 ! LIFE ( EA* C\NTRY & ( ! WORLD AT L>GE1 & SOCIETY1 :5 IT EM]GES FROM ! ,REVOLUTION1 MU/ ASSURE NOT ONLY ! 9TEGRATION ( ?IS BRAN* ( AGRICULTURE 9TO ! G5]AL /RUCTURE ( ! NEW NATIONAL ECONOMY1 BUT MU/ ALSO F9D ! MO/ RATIONAL ME?ODS BY :I* TO ATTRACT 9TO ITS ORBIT ?OSE CATTLE RAIS+ NOMADS :O LIVE A MIGRATORY LIFE & TO ACCU/OM !M GRADUALLY LO E CULTURAL COOP]ATION ) ! RE/ ( ! PEOPLE4 

,S9CE CATTLE RAIS+ IS 9EVITABLY L9K$ TO F>M+1 COMMUNIZATION MU/ BE ACCOMPLI%$ FIR/LY 9 CATTLE RAIS+ F>MS ( A PURELY COMM]CIAL *>ACT]1 EG4 /UD F>MS1 DAIRY F>MS1 *ICK5 F>MS4 ,! PEASANTS' LIVE/OCK1 H[EV]1 CANNOT BE SOCIALIZ$ BE=E ! TRANS=MATION ( ! 5TIRE ECONOMY ON A COMMUNI/IC BASIS2 IT WILL BE SOCIALIZ$ ) ! SOCIALIZATION ( AGRICULTURE4 

,?US1 UNTIL ! FULL SOCIALIZATION ( AGRICULTURE1 & 9 ORD] TO SPE$ ITS ACCOMPLI%M5T1 IT WILL BE NECESS>Y TO CONSID] S]I\SLY ! SY/EMATIZATION ( PEASANT LIVE/OCK BRE$+ & ! IMPROVEM5T 9 BRE$S ( LIVE/OCK4 ,COOP]ATIVES & 9DU/RIES 5GAG$ 9 ! PROCESS+ ( LIVE/OCK PRODUCE >E P[]FUL MEANS TO ?AT 5D4 

,! 9DU/RIALIZATION ( CATTLE BRE$+ MU/ DEVELOP 9 FULL H>MONY ) ! G5]AL 9DU/RIALIZATION ( AGRICULTURE1 & ON ! SAME PR9CIPLES4 ,! SOCIALIZATION ( 9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISES 5GAG$ 9 ! PROCESS+ ( LIVE/OCK PRODUCE1 !IR 9TEGRATION 9TO ! G5]AL COMMUNI/IC SY/EM1 & ! TRANSF] ( SLAU<T] H\SES1 MEAT-PACK+ PLANTS & ( ALL 5T]PRISES 5GAG$ 9 SU* PROCESS+ FROM ! CITIES 9TO RAN*+ >EAS OR ! ]ECTION !RE ( NEW PLANTS .<444.> ON4 

,) REG>D TO ! TRIBES ( NOMADIC CATTLE RAIS]S1 !RE CAN1 ( C\RSE1 BE NO ?\<T ( 9TRODUC+ COMMUNISM AMONG !M UNTIL !Y SETTLE D[N & !IR CULTURAL /&>DS >E RAIS$1 IF ONLY TO ! LEVEL ( PRES5T-DAY ,RUSSIAN PEASANTS4 ,! MO/ P[]FUL 9FLU5CE 9 ?IS1 RESPECT WILL BE ! FACT ?AT !Y WILL F9D !MSELVES 9 A HI<] CULTURAL 5VIRONM5T4 ,! ORGANIZATION ( !IR $UCATION1 ! F\NDATION ( AGRONOMIC 5T]PRISES1 & ! GRADUAL 9CREASE 9 ! USE ( COOP]ATIVES 9 ! SALE ( CATTLE & ! PUR*ASE ( ESS5TIAL PRODUCTS ( URBAN 9DU/RY1 WILL ALL HELP 9 ! PROCESS4 ,! ,AGRICULTURAL ,BANK WILL HAVE TO 9/ITUTE CA% & GOODS EX*ANGE & CR$IT FACILITIES = !M1 & IT WILL ?US BECOME A P[]FUL FACTOR 9 TRANS=M+ ! 5TIRE ECONOMIC & 9TELLECTUAL /&>DS ( ! MIGRATORY CATTLE RAIS]S4 ,IMPROVEM5T 9 TRANSPORTATION & ! DEVELOPM5T ( COMMUNI/IC 5T]PRISES = ! PROCESS+ ( CATTLE PRODUCTS 9 ! PROV9CES ADJAC5T TO MIGRATORY CAMPS1 OR EV5 9 ! CAMPS !MSELVES1 WILL HAVE A VA/ EFFECT ON !M 9 A COMMUNI/IC DIRECTION4 

,VEGETABLE ,GR[+ & ,HORTICULTURE 

,S9CE VEGETABLE PLOTS & G>D5S >E 9SEP>ABLE P>TS ( AGRICULTURE1 ONLY ! COMM]CIAL G>D5S WILL BE SUBJECT TO IMM$IATE SOCIALIZATION4 ,! SOCIALIZ$ UND]TAK+S MU/ BE 9DU/RIALIZ$ AT ONCE1 I4E4 !Y MU/ BE ORGANIZ$ ACCORD+ TO A SY/EM ( COMPOSITE AGRO-9DU/RIAL SETTLEM5TS -- ) AN 9DU/RIAL UNIT 9 ! C5T] 7= JAMS1 SYRUPS & O!R PRODUCTS7 -- :OSE LABOR WILL BE FULLY 9TEGRAT$4 

,I,I4,=E/RY 

,! =E/S >E A NATURAL RES\RCE1 :I*1 LIKE ! L&1 BECAME PRIVATE PROP]TY ONLY ?R\< ! USE ( NAK$ =CE4 ,!Y MU/ !RE=E BE RETURN$ TO UNIV]SAL USAGE1 I4E4 BECOME ! PROP]TY ( SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 

,! PLUND]+ MANAGEM5T ( ! TIMB] ECONOMY BY CAPITALISM HAS RESULT$ 9 ! DE/RUCTION ( =E/S 9 MANY C\NTRIES4 ,BUT ! CONS]VATION ( =E/S EV]Y:]E IS ( GREAT IMPORTANCE BO? = CLIMATE & = SOIL4 ,=E/S PROVIDE NOT ONLY BUILD+ & HEAT+ MAT]IALS1 NOT ONLY RAW MAT]IALS = MANY MANUFACTUR+ 9DU/RIES1 NOT ONLY ! >EAS :]E BEA/S & BIRDS MULTIPLY1 BUT ALSO A FACTOR :I* DET]M9ES ! NAVIGABILITY ( RIV]S & ! MOI/URE ( ! SOIL -- 9 ITS TURN VITAL TO AGRICULTURE4 ,H5CE1 = ! SAKE ( ! COMMON GOOD & ! PRES]VATION ( TIMB] RES\RCES1 ! =E/S MU/ BE SOCIALIZ$1 I4E4 ALL RI<TS TO PRIVATE1 ,/ATE OR ANY O!R [N]%IP MU/ BE ABOLI%$4 ,BY SOCIALIZATION1 ! =E/S WILL CEASE TE BE A COMM]CIAL COMMODITY3 NO-ONE WILL HAVE ! RI<T TO SELL1 BUY1 GIVE OR R5T EI!R !M OR !IR PRODUCTS1 OR TO DRAW AN UNE>N$ 9COME FROM !M4 

,SMALL WOODL&S1 LOCAT$ 9 AGRICULTURAL DI/RICTS1 :I* CANNOT BE EXPLOIT$ 9 ! 9T]E/S ( SOCIALIZ$ 9DU/RY1 WILL EV]Y:]E BE TRANSF]R$ TO ! MANAGEM5T ( PEASANT ASSOCIATIONS1 = USE AS FUEL & BUILD+ MAT]IAL1 & TO SATISFY O!R NE$S ( ! 9DIVIDUALI/IC AGRICULTURAL UNITS4 ,ALL O!R WOODL&S WILL BE 9CLUD$ 9 ! G5]AL SY/EM ( ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY BE MEANS ( SYNDICALISATION1 I4E4 !Y WILL BE TRANSF]R$ TO & MANAG$ BY ! ASSOCIATION ( LUMB]M5 & ( WORK]S 9 ! 9DU/RIES PROCESS+ TIMB] PRODUCTS4 

,%ORTAGES ( TIMB] 9 AGRICULTURAL UNITS WILL BE MET AT CO/ PRICE \T ( SOCIALIZ$ =E/ RES\RCES ?R\< ! PEASANT CO OP]ATIVES & ! ,BANK ( CA%-&-GOODS CR$IT4 

,! SOCIALIZATION ( =E/RY WILL RESULT 9 ! SOCIALIZATION ( ALL TIMB] 9DU/RIES & ALL PLANTS 5GAG$ 9 ! PROCESS+ ( TIMB] PRODUCTS4 ,?OSE HOME 9DU/RIES :I* >E CONNECT$ 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R ) ! USE ( TIMB] WILL BE ORGANIZ$ 9TO COOP]ATIVES & BR\<T 9TO ! CLOSE/ CONTACT ) COMMUNIZ$ =E/RY4 ,! TIMB] ECONOMY WILL BE UNIT$ ) 9DU/RY BY MEANS ( ! 9TEGRAT$ ORGANIZATION ( LABOR1 &1 :]E POSSIBLE1 ) AGRICULTURE BY MEANS ( ! TRANSF] & ]ECTION ( SUITABLE 5T]PRISES 9 F>M+ >EAS1 & ! UTILIZATION ( L& CLE>$ ( =E/ = CULTIVATION & CATTLE RAIS+4 

,I,I,I4 ,FI%]Y & ,HUNT+ 

,A4 ,FI%]Y 

,! SOCIALIZATION ( WAT] RES\RCES4 ,SOCIALIZATION ( FI%+ TRADES & PLANTS1 & !IR 9TEGRATION 9TO ! G5]AL SY/EM ( ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY4 

,ORGANIZATION 9TO COOP]ATIVES ( SMALL FI%]Y TRADES1 SMOKEH\SES & PICKL+ PLANTS4 

,! SY/EMATIC ORGANIZATION ( FI%+ & ! 9/ALLATION ( FI% PRES]VES4 

,B4 ,HUNT+ 

,! 9CLUSION ( ! HUNT+ TRADE 9TO ! SY/EM ( COMPOSITE COMMUNI/IC =E/RY UNITS4 ,ORGANIZATION ( COOP]ATIVES 9 ! PEASANT HUNT+ TRADE4 ,ORGANIZATION ( PUR*ASE & EX*ANGE DIVISIONS BY ! ,BANK ( ,CA% & ,GOODS ,CR$IT 9 DI/RICTS POPULAT$ BY HUNT+ TRIBES4 ,ELABORATION ( ME?ODS = ! COOP]ATIVE UNIFICATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL EF=TS ( ! HUNT+ TRIBES & ! RAIS+ ( !IR CULTURAL LEVEL4 ,SY/EMATIC ORGANIZATION ( HUNT+ & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( =E/ PRES]VES4 

,! MANAGEM5T ( ! FI%+ & HUNT+ TRADES WILL BE 5TRU/$ TO ! ASSOCIATIONS & SCI5TIFIC SOCIETIES CONC]N$4 

,I,V4 ,M9+ ,9DU/RY 

,?OSE BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY :I* >E CONNECT$ ) ! EXTRACTION ( M9]AL RES\RCES1 LIKE ! MANUFACTUR+ 9DU/RIES1 HAVE BE5 SUBJECT$ TO A CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T :I* HAS CREAT$ FAVORABLE CONDITIONS = SOCIALIZATION1 & !IR IMPORTANCE 9 ! G5]AL ECONOMIC SY/EM IS 9DE$ SO GREAT ?AT !IR SOCIALIZATION IS IMP]ATIVE4 ,= ?AT REASON1 SOCIETY MU/ PROCLAIM FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+ ( ! SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION ! FULL SOCIALIZATION ( M9]AL RES\RCES4 

,SYNDICALISATION ( ALL L>GE SCALE 5T]PRISES & !IR 9TEGRATION 9TO ! G5]AL COMMUNI/ ECONOMY ( ! C\NTRY4 

,COOP]ATIVE UNIFICATION ( SMALL-SCALE & HOME 9DU/RIES = ! SALE ( !IR PRODUCTS TO ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY4 

,9DU/RIALIZATION ( ! V>I\S BRAN*ES ( ! M9+ 9DU/RY1 I4E4 !IR UNIFICATION ) ! *EMICAL1 METALLURGICAL & O!R BRAN*ES ( ! PROCESS+ 9DU/RY ?R\< ! ORGANIZATION ( COMPOSITE UNITS ON ! BASIS ( 9TEGRAT$ LABOR4 

,! RURALIZATION ( 9DU/RIALIZ$ & NON 9DU/RIALIZ$ 5T]PRISES ( ! BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION CONC]N$1 I4E4 !IR UNIFICATION ) AGRICULTURE BY MEANS ( COMPOSITE COMB9ES GRADUALLY DRAW+ 9TO !IR ECONOMIC ORBITS ! SURR\ND+ F>M+ POPULATION & ORGANIZ+ LABOR ON ! PR9CIPLE ( 9TEGRATION4 

,LIKE ! PLANTS 9 ! PROCESS+ 9DU/RIES ! 5T]PRISES 9 ! =MS ( PRODUCTION UND] CONSID]ATION WILL BE MANAG$ BY PRODUCTION COMMITTEES & ! 9DU/RY AS A :OLE BY AN ASSOCIATION ( SU* COMMITTEES4 

,PUBLIC ,S]VICE ,9DU/RIES 

,I4 ,BUILD+ 

,! SOCIALIZATION ( BUILD+ BY MEANS ( SYNDICALISATION WILL >ISE FROM ! SOCIALIZATION ( O!R BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION4 

,OV] ! 5TIRE T]RITORY ( A COMMUNI/IC C\NTRY ! BUILD+ 9DU/RY WILL BE MANAG$ BY AN ASSOCIATION ( CON/RUCTION WORK]S ) ! COOP]ATION ( 9T]E/$ SOCIETIES1 SU* AS H\SE COMMITTEES1 RURAL CON/RUCTION UNIONS1 ETC4 

,ALL BUILD+ C>RI$ ON \TSIDE ! LIMITS ( ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMIC SY/EM WILL BE ORGANIZ$ BY MEANS ( COMM]CIAL BOOKKEEP+ ?R\< ! ,BANK ( CA%-&-GOODS CR$IT4 

,I,I4 ,! ,H\S+ ,PROBLEM 

,! %ORTAGE ( H\S+1 :I* IS ! RESULT ( SPECULATION 9 ! BUILD+ 9DU/RY1 WILL REQUIRE ! IMM$IATE SOCIALIZATION ( ALL DWELL+S ?AT HAVE BE5 BUILT = PR(IT4 

,SY/EMATIC DI/RIBUTION ( LIV+ SPACE1 ?R\< H\SE COMMITTEES & )\T PAYM5T ( R5T4 ,! 9/ITUTION ( HOTELS = NEWCOM]S & ! TRANSF] ( H\S+ MANAGEM5T 9TO ! H&S ( ! H\SE COMMITTEES4 

,9T5SIVE HOME BUILD+ ON ! PR9CIPLE ( ! DISP]SION ( CITIES & ! COORD9ATION ( 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE4 

,I,I,I4 ,TRANSPORT 

,TRANSPORT 9 ALL ITS =MS1 & ESPECIALLY RAILROADS & WAT]WAYS1 PRES5TS A VITALLY IMPORTANT ELEM5T 9 ! MOD]N ECONOMIC SY/EM1 & IT WILL HAVE EV5 GREAT] IMPORTANCE 9 ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY4 ,PRODUCTION )\T TRANSPORT IS UN?9KABLE4 ,AS A RESULT1 TRANSPORT MU/ BE SOCIALIZ$ AT ONCE1 BY ! PROCESS ( SYNDICALISATION4 

,! MANAGEM5T ( TRANSPORT WILL BE ON SYNDICALI/ PR9CIPLES1 I4E4 ALL MEANS ( TRANSPORTATION -- SURFACE1 UND]GR\ND1 AIR & WAT] -- WILL BE 9 ! H&S ( ! ,UNION ( ,TRANSPORT ,WORK]S1 CONSI/+ ( 9DIVIDUAL SECTIONS1 & 9CLUD+ ! WORK]S ( ALL 9DU/RIES :I* S]VICE TRANSPORT4 

,TRANSPORT WILL BE 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! G5]AL SY/EM ( ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY1 & F>ES & FREI<T *>GES WILL !RE=E BE ELIM9AT$4 ,BUT1 9 ! CASE ( 9DIVIDUALS & ( 9DIVIDUALI/IC ECONOMIC UNIT :I* OP]ATE \TSIDE ! COMMUNI/IC SY/EM ( ! C\NTRY1 ! TRANSPORT MANAGEM5T WILL 5T] 9TO CORRESPOND+ COMPUTATION AGREEM5TS4 ,!SE AGREEM5TS WILL BE MADE NOT ) 9DIVIDUALS OR 9DIVIDUALI/ UNITS1 BUT ) !IR COOP]ATIVE ASSOCIATIONS1 :OSE TRANSPORT RECEIPTS WILL BE HONOR$ BY ! ,BANK ( ,CA%-&-,GOODS ,CR$IT4 

,I,V4 ,MAILS1 ,TELEGRAPH1 ,TELEPHONE & ,RADIO 

,MAIL & TELEGRAPH SY/EMS1 LIKE ! RAILROADS1 P]=M MO/ VITAL S]VICES 9 ! NATIONAL ECONOMY & 9 MANY C\NTRIES >E ALREADY ,/ATE-[N$4 ,BUT S9CE ! 9T]E/S ( EV5 ! MO/ IDEAL ,/ATE DO NOT CO9CIDE ) ! 9T]E/S ( SOCIETY AS A :OLE1 ! PO/AL & TELEGRAPH NETWORKS WILL HAVE TO BE TAK5 AWAY1 NOT ONLY FROM 9DIVIDUALS & CORPORATIONS1 BUT ALSO FROM ! ,/ATE4 ,! SAME PROC$URE MU/ BE APPLI$ TO TELEPHONE & RADIO S]VICES4 

,ALL PUBLIC COMMUNICATION S]VICES WILL BE SYNDICALIS$1 I4E4 !IR MANAGEM5T WILL BE TRANSF]R$ TO ! ,COMMUNICATIONS ,S]VICE ,WORK]S' ,TRADE ,UNION1 :I* 9 TURN WILL BE 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! G5]AL SY/EM ( ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY4 ,LIKE O!R BRAN*ES ( ! LATT] & 9 PROPORTION TO ! /R5G!N+ ( ! NEW ECONOMIC /RUCTURE & ! 5RI*M5T ( ! C\NTRY1 IT WILL ALSO BE 9DU/RIALIZ$ & RURALIZ$1 I4E4 ! WORK]S 9 ,PUBLIC ,COMMUNICATIONS WILL V>Y !IR LABOR1 P>TAK+ BO? 9 9DU/RIAL & AGRICULTURAL WORK4 

,S9CE1 9 ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD1 = :I* ! PRES5T PROGRAM IS DESIGN$1 !RE WILL /ILL BE ECONOMIC UNITS 9 AGRICULTURE & 9 SOME SECTIONS ( ! CRAFTS & HOME 9DU/RIES :I* WILL NO BE P>T ( ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY1 ! LATT] WILL 5T] 9TO SUITABLE CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS CONC]N+ ! USE ( ! PUBLIC COMMUNICATIONS S]VICES ) ! 9DIVIDUAL UNITS ?R\< ! (FICES ( !IR COOP]ATIVE ASSOCIATIONS4 

,V4 ,PUBLIC ,S]VICES 

,PUBLIC S]VICES 9CLUDE3 SEW]AGE1 WAT]1 GAS & HEAT+1 ELECTRICITY1 PUBLIC WELF>E & O!R FUNCTIONS :I* S]VE ! URBAN & RURAL POPULATIONS4 

,!SE S]VICES WILL BE 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY & WILL BE SYNDICALIS$1 I4E4 ! MANAGEM5T & ORGANIZATION ( !SE S]VICES WILL BE TRANSF]R$ TO ! ,UNION ( ,PUBLIC ,S]VICE WORK]S4 ,H]E1 AS 9 ALL O!R BRAN*ES ( ! ECONOMY1 ! PR9CIPLE ( 9DU/RIALIZATION & RURALIZATION WILL BE 9TRODUC$ GRADUALLY1 RESULT+ F9ALLY 9 ! 9TEGRATION ( LABOR4 

,! PROVISION ( PUBLIC S]VICES = ! 9DIVIDUALI/IC AGRICULTURAL UNITS IS CLOSELY L9K$ ) ! FUNDAM5TAL *ANGES 9 VILLAGE LIV+ /&>DS4 ,!SE IMPROVEM5TS WILL BE 5C\RAG$ BY ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY AS A :OLE1 & H5CE ! USE ( PUBLIC S]VICES BY VILLAGES :I* >E NOT P>T ( ! C COMMUNI/IC /RUCTURE ( ! C\NTRY WILL BE DET]M9$ BY SUITABLE AGREEM5TS ) ! PEASANT COOP]ATIVE ASSOCIATIONS4 

,V,I4 ,M$IC9E & ,SANITATION 

,M$IC9E & SANITATION >E PUBLIC S]VICES :I*1 TOGE!R ) ! DISP5S>IES & PH>MACEUTICAL 9DU/RIES1 WILL BE CON/ITUT$ ON A SYNDICALI/ BASIS 9TO ! ,PUBLIC ,HEAL? ,S]VICE4 ?IS WILL BE 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMIC SY/EM4 

,! ,UNION ( 1,M$ICAL & ,SANIT>Y ,WORK]S WILL CONDUCT ! ACTIVITIES & MANAGE ! ORGANIZATION ( ! HEAL? S]VICES = ! 5TIRE C\NTRY4 ,!SE S]VICES1 LIKE ALL BRAN*ES & FUNCTIONS ( COMMUNI/IC SOCIETY1 WILL BE 9DU/RIALIZ$ & RURALIZ$1 I4E4 GRADUALLY1 & :]EV] POSSIBLE1 ! M$ICAL & SANIT>Y WORK]S WILL COMB9E !IR TASKS ) 9DU/RIAL & AGRICULTURAL LABOR4 

,! ,PUBLIC ,HEAL? S]VICE WILL COV] ! 5TIRE C\NTRY ) A CLOSE NET ( M$ICAL & SANIT>Y C5T]S1 HOSPITALS & SANATORIA4 ,S9CE ?IS S]VICE WILL BE SUPPORT$ BY ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY1 ! 9DIVIDUALI/IC UNITS WILL HAVE TO COV] P>T ( ITS EXP5SES ?R\< !IR UNIONS ( COOP]ATIVE ASSOCIATIONS4 

,V,I,I4 ,G5]AL ,$UCATION & ,SCI5CE 

,EV]Y ,/ATE ADAPTS ! PROCESSES ( G5]AL $UCATION TO FUR!R ITS [N 9T]E/S4 ,AS A RESULT1 :5EV] 9/RUCTION IS 9 ! H&S ( ! ,/ATE1 IT BECOMES A MEANS TO ! 5SLAVEM5T ( ! MASSES4 ,[+ TO ,/ATE 9T]E/S1 & TO A SCI5CE :I* S]VES !SE 9T]E/S1 S*OOLS ( ALL LEVELS >E TURN$ 9TO FACTORIES :I* ATTEMPT ! MASS PRODUCTION ( ROBOTS CAPABLE ( ?9K+ 9 ONE DIRECTION ONLY4 ,AS ! EXP]I5CE ( ,RUSSIA DEMON/RATES1 EV5 A ,COMMUNI/ /ATE1 ?\< IT MI<T SET UP ! MO/ LIB]AL SY/EM ( $UCATION1 EV5TUALLY P]V]TS IT BY 9TRODUC+ A C5TRALIZ$ BASIS & BY MOLD+ ! TEA*+ 9 ITS [N 9T]E/S4 

,! TASK ( $UCATION & 9/RUCTION CONSI/S 9 ! COMPREH5SIVE DEVELOPM5T ( ! *ILD'S P]SONALITY & H] TE*NICAL PREP>ATION = USEFUL COMMUNAL ACTIVITY4 ,$UCATION MU/ !RE=E BE LIB]T>IAN1 GRADUALLY SUPPLANT+ ! IDEA ( AU?ORITY BY ! IDEA ( LIB]TY4 ,IT MU/ ALSO BE RATIONAL1 F\ND$ ON REASON1 NOT ON FAI?1 & ON ! FACTS ( EXACT SCI5CE RA!R ?AN METAPHYSICS2 CO$UCATIONAL1 I4E4 GIV+ COMMON 9/RUCTION TO BO? SEXES1 & 9TEGRAT$1 PROVID+ OPPORTUNITIES = H>MONI\S DEVELOPM5T ( ! 5TIRE P]SONALITY 9 ! FIELDS ( SCI5CE4 >T & TRADES4 

,! S*OOLS MU/ PROVIDE1 AS ,KROPOTK9 HAS /AT$1 0SU* AN $UCATION TO HOYS & GIRLS ?AT1 :5 LEAV+ S*OOL AT ! AGE ( AB\T EI<TE51 !Y MAY HAVE A ?OR\< CONCEPT ( SCI5CE :I* WILL 5ABLE !M TO CONT9UE SCI5TIFIC /UDIES1 AS WELL AS ACQUIR+ A NOTION ( ! FUNDAM5TALS ( A TE*NICAL $UCATION4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 !Y %\LD GA9 SUFFICI5T EXP]I5CE 9 SOME BRAN* ( 9DU/RY TO GIVE !M ! OPPORTUNITY ( TAK+ P>T 9 ! PRODUCTION ( SOCIAL RES\RCES04 ,ACCORD+LY1 $UCATION & 9/RUCTION MU/ NOT BE CONDUCT$ ON ! BASIS ( A S+LE C5TRALIZ$ PROGRAM4 

,AS = SCI5CE1 IT MU/1 LIKE ! *UR* & ! S*OOL1 BE SEP>AT$ FROM ! ,/ATE EV5 BE=E ! AN>*I/ REVOLUTION4 ,NORMAL CONDITIONS = ! DEVELOPM5T ( SCI5CE WILL BE CREAT$ ONLY 9 A CONDITION ( ECONOMIC EQUALITY1 9 A FREE1 /ATELESS SOCIETY4 

,! SOCIALIZATION ( SCI5CE1 :I* IS AN 9EVITABLE & ESS5TIAL RESULT ( ! SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 DOES NOT MEAN EQUALITY ( M9D :I* IS1 ( C\RSE1 AN IMPOSSIBILITY2 IT DOES NOT MEAN ?AT EV]YONE WILL BE A SCI5TI/4 ,! SOCIALIZATION ( SCI5CE MEANS ONLY ?AT SCI5CE1 AS IT REMA9S PURE SCI5CE1 WILL BECOME ONE ( MANY PUBLIC S]VICES & WILL BE1 AS ,BAKUN9 SAID1 5TIRELY AVAILABLE 0TO ALL ?OSE :O HAVE ! CALL+ & ! DESIRE TO 5GAGE 9 IT )\T H>M+ ! G5]AL PRODUCTIVE EF=T 9 :I* EV]YONE MU/ P>TICIPATE60 

0,EV]YONE MU/ WORK & EV]YONE MU/ HAVE AN $UCATION40 ,ONLY AFT] ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION WILL G5]AL SCI5TIFIC & TE*NICAL $UCATION BE AVAILABLE TO ALL4 ,SCI5CE MU/ BE 9DU/RIALIZ$ & RURALIZ$1 I4E4 PEOPLE 5GAG$ 9 SCI5TIFIC EF=T MU/ COMB9E !IR WORK ) PRODUCTIVE PHYSICAL LABOR1 )9 ! LIMITS1 ( C\RSE1 ( REASONABLE & GRADUAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,& SCI5CE WILL C]TA9LY B5EFIT FROM ?IS DEVELOPM5T4 0,IT IS POSSIBLE1 & EV5 V]Y LIKELY10 SAID ,BAKUN91 0?AT 9 ! MORE OR LESS L5G?Y ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD1 :I* WILL NATURALLY APPE> AFT] ! GREAT SOCIAL CRISIS1 ! HI< LEVEL ( SOME SCI5CES MAY FALL CONSID]ABLY4 ,BUT :AT SCI5CE LOSES 9 ITS UPW>D TR5D1 IT WILL GA9 9 ! SCOPE ( ITS DIFFUSION4 ,!RE WILL BE NO DEMI-GODS1 BUT !RE WILL ALSO BE NO SLAVES4 ,DEMI-GODS & SLAVES WILL BO? BECOME M52 ! =M] WILL HAVE TO /EP D[N SOME:AT FROM !IR EXCLUSIVE HEI<TS1 ! LATT] WILL RISE CONSID]ABLY40 

,! SOCIALIZATION ( 9/RUCTION1 $UCATION & SCI5CE CAN BE A*IEV$ ONLY ?R\< !IR SYNDICALISATION1 I4E4 ! ORGANIZATION & CONDUCT ( !SE PUBLIC S]VICES MU/ BE TRANSF]R$ TO ! ,UNION ( ,$UCATIONAL ,WORK]S1 COMB9+ !IR ACTIVITIES ) ?OSE ( 9T]E/$ PUBLIC SOCIETIES1 ( P>5TS1 ECONOMI/S & O!RS4 ,! ORGANIZATION ( S*OOLS1 UNIV]SITIES1 ACADEMIES1 LIBR>IES1 MUSEUMS & !IR MANAGEM5T WILL BE ! PUBLIC FUNCTION ( ! ,UNION ( ,$UCATIONAL ,WORK]S4 

,! FUNCTIONS ( G5]AL $UCATION AS A PUBLIC S]VICE WILL BE 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMIC SY/EM & SUPPORT$ BY IT4 ,!RE=E1 ! COOP]ATIVELY UNIT$ 9DIVIDUALI/IC UNITS 9 ! C\NTRY WILL1 = ! SAKE ( EQUALITY1 CONTRIBUTE TO ! TREASURY ( ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY A C]TA9 P]C5TAGE ( !IR 9COME 9 ! =M ( PRODUCTS1 TO COV] ! EXP5SES & MA9TA9 ! S]VICES ( G5]AL $UCATION4 

,>T & ! ,!AT] >E ALSO PUBLIC S]VICES4 ,!Y WILL BE COMB9$ ) ! S]VICE ( G5]AL $UCATION & WILL BE SUBJECT TO ALL ! BASIC PR9CIPLES :I* GOV]N ! LATT]4 

,RELIGION IS NOT A PUBLIC S]VICE1 ,! SOCIAL REVOLUTION IS1 BY NATURE1 ANTI-RELIGI\S4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! ,SYNDICALI/S DO NOT 9T5D TO FI<T RELIGI\S FAI?S ) REPRESSIVE MEASURES4 ,9 ?IS QUE/ION1 ! PROGRAM ( ! ,SYNDICALI/S IS 9 FULL SOLID>ITY ) ! /ATEM5T ( ! ,G5EVA ,SECTION TO ! ,BRUSSELS ,CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION4 ,IT SAID3 ' ,RELIGI\S ?\<T1 AS A PRODUCT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL M9D1 IS UNT\*ABLE AS LONG AS IT DOES NOT BECOME A PUBLIC ACTIVITY40 

,V,I,I,I4 ,ACC\NTANCY -- ,BANKS & ,F9ANCES 

,ACC\NTANCY & /ATI/ICS >E V]Y IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS 9 ! PROP] REGULATION ( RELATIONS BETWE5 PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION4 ,ONLY ) ! HELP ( /ATI/ICAL DATA IS IT POSSIBLE TO DET]M9E !IR NECESS>Y EQUILIBRIUM1 & TO 9/ITUTE A SUITABLE DI/RIBUTION & EX*ANGE ORGANIZATION4 ,9DE$1 )\T /ATI/ICAL DATA AN ECONOMIC ORD] IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,/ATI/ICS1 !RE=E1 =M A VITAL PUBLIC S]VICE1 :OSE TE*NICAL DIS*>GE WILL BE 5TRU/$ TO ! ,C5TRAL ,/ATI/ICAL ,BUREAU AT ! ,BANK = ,CA%-&-,GOODS ,CR$IT1 CONSI/+ ( ! DIRECTLY CONC]N$ PUBLIC S]VICES & P>TICUL>LY ! S]VICES = DI/RIBUTION & EX*ANGE4 

,ALL EXI/+ BANKS WILL BE SOCIALIZ$ & WILL M]GE ) ! ,BANK = ,CA%-&-,GOODS ,CR$IT4 ?IS1 9 ADDITION TO ITS /ATI/ICAL FUNCTIONS1 WILL P]=M ALL ! USUAL BANK+ OP]ATIONS :I*1 ( C\RSE1 WILL *ANGE 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! NEW ECONOMIC /RUCTURE ( ! C\NTRY4 ,! ,BANK WILL BE ! ORGANIC LIAISON BETWE5 ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY & ! 9DIVIDUALI/IC UNITS1 P>TICUL>LY ! AGRICULTURAL UNITS1 AS WELL AS ) ! 9DIVIDUALI/ WORLD ABROAD4 ,9 ! LATT] CASE1 IT WILL ACT AS ! BANK = =EIGN TRADE4 

,9 ! SPH]E ( 9T]NAL EX*ANGE1 ! BANK WILL BE ONE ( ! MO/ P[]FUL WEAPONS ( COMMUNISM1 9FLU5C+ 9DIVIDUALI/IC UNITS 9 ! DESIR$ DIRECTION BY MEANS ( MAT]IAL & F9ANCIAL CR$IT )\T 9T]E/ = ! IMPROVEM5T ( EA* UNIT & ! ME*ANIZATION ( F>M+1 :I* WILL RESULT 9 ! SOCIALIZATION ( RURAL LABOR ! NECESS>Y PR]EQUISITE = ! SOCIALIZATION ( AGRICULTURE4 

,! SOCIALIZATION ( BANKS & ACC\NTANCY MU/ BE A*IEV$ BY !IR SYNDICALISATION1 I4E4 !SE PUBLIC S]VICES WILL BE TRANSF]R$ TO ! MANAGEM5T ( ! WORK]S :O OP]ATE !M1 & WILL BE 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! G5]AL COMMUNI/IC ECONOMIC SY/EM4 ,) ! /R5G!N+ ( COMMUNISM1 LABOR WILL BE 9DU/RIALIZ$ & RURALIZ$ AS 9 O!R PUBLIC S]VICES1 I4E4 IT WILL GRADUALLY BE ORGANIZ$ ON ! PR9CIPLE ( 9TEGRATION4 

,MONEY1 AS A CONCRETE SYMBOL ( EXP5D$ LABOR1 ! GREATE/ P>T ( :I* IS N[ CONC5TRAT$ BY MEANS ( EXPLOITATION 9 ! H&S ( A FEW CAPITALI/S & ,/ATES1 MU/ BE SOCIALIZ$4 ,! SOCIALIZATION ( MONEY1 I4E4 ! RETURN TO SOCIETY ( ! FRUITS ( EXP5D$ LABOR1 WILL BE POSSIBLE ONLY 9 ! =M ( ITS ABOLITION1 )\T ANY COMP5SATION4 ,! ABOLITION ( ! MONET>Y TOK5 ( ! OLD REGIME IS ONE ( ! FIR/ TASKS ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,IT WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE1 H[EV]1 TO ABOLI% MONEY 5TIRELY 9 ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD1 S9CE SOME FUNCTIONS1 :I* >E DEP5D5T ON MONEY N[1 WILL /ILL CONT9UE TO OP]ATE1 EV5 ?\< !IR DANG]\S ASPECTS WILL BE REMOV$4 ,MONEY WILL VANI% ( ITSELF DUR+ ! GRADUAL APPROA* TO A SY/EM ( FULLY MATUR$ ,COMMUNISM :I* WILL REPLACE EX*ANGE BY DI/RIBUTION4 ,BUT 9 ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD1 [+ TO ! CO-EXI/5CE ( COMMUNISM ) 9DIVIDUALISM1 ! EX*ANGE ( GOODS CANNOT BE ELIM9AT$ 5 5TIRELY4 ,& S9CE ! MA9 FUNCTION ( MONEY IS ?AT ( A M$IUM ( EX*ANGE -- ! MO/ CONV5I5T M$IUM ( EX*ANGE -- IT WILL NOT BE POSSIBLE TO DO )\T IT DUR+ ?IS PHASE4 

,9 ! BEG9N+1 BECAUSE ( ! PRACTICAL IMPOSSIBILITY ( 9TRODUC+ LABOR MONEY 7:OSE VALUE IS BAS$ ON ! WORK+ DAY7 ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY WILL HAVE TO RECOGNIZE GOLD CO9S1 & WILL HAVE TO BE GUID$ 9 !IR EX*ANGE BY ! VALUES 9H]IT$ FROM CAPITALISM4 ?IS WILL APPLY P>TICUL>LY TO =EIGN TRADE4 ,9 9T]NAL EX*ANGE1 [+ TO ! SOCIALIZATION ( A L>GE P>T ( 9DU/RY1 :I* WILL PROVIDE ! OPPORTUNITY ( DET]M9+ ! SCALE ( PRODUCTION1 IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO SET PRICES & TO ASSURE !IR /ABILITY 9 A SCI5TIFIC MANN]4 

,DUR+ ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD1 MONEY CANNOT BECOME A ?REAT ( ! E/ABLI%M5T ( 9EQUALITY & EXPLOITATION BECAUSE -- 9 VIEW ( ! SOCIALIZATION ( ALL MEANS ( PRODUCTION & TRANSPORTATION & ! SOCIALIZATION ( LABOR & ITS PRODUCTS 9 ALL BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY EXCEPT AGRICULTURE -- IT WILL LOSE ! P[] IT HAD 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 NAMELY1 ! P[] TO BECOME CAPITAL4 ,CA% C\LD NOT BE L5T ON 9T]E/1 H5CE !RE WILL BE NO ROOM = F9ANCIAL CAPITAL4 ,ALL TOOLS & MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 BE+ SOCIALIZ$1 WILL NOT BE SUBJECT EI!R TO SALE OR PUR*ASE2 H5CE !RE WILL BE NO ROOM = 9DU/RIAL CAPITAL4 ,! DISCONT9UANCE ( HIR$ LABOR WILL REMOVE ! POSSIBILITY ( HO>D+ CAPITAL BY ! APPROPRIATION ( SURPLUS VALUES2 ! REPLACEM5T ( ! PRIVATE TRADESMAN BY ! COOP]ATIVES & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( DIRECT EX*ANGE ON ! MIX$ MAT]IAL-F9ANCIAL PR9CIPLE BETWE5 ! COMMUNI/IC & ! 9DIVIDUALI/IC ECONOMY WILL REMOVE ! POSSIBILITY ( MONEY TURN+ 9TO TRAD+ CAPITAL4 ,?US DUR+ ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD1 9 :I* EV]Y?+ WILL BE SOCIALIZ$1 BUT ALL WILL NOT BE COMMUNIZ$1 MONEY WILL EXI/ ONLY AS A /&>D ( VALUE & A MEANS ( SIMPLIFY+ ! PROCESS ( NATURAL EX*ANGE BETWE5 ! DIFF]5T SY/EMS ( ECONOMIC EQUALITY4 

,DEP5D+ ON ! /ABILIZATION ( SOCIETY AFT] ! SOCIAL UPHEAVAL1 GREAT] PREF]5CE WILL BE GIV5 TO NATURAL EX*ANGE 9 ! PR9CIPLE ( B>T] VALUES1 & ?US ! USEFULNESS ( MONEY AS A /&>D WILL DECL9E4 ,! GRADUAL TRANSITION ( AGRICULTURE TO COMMUNISM WILL FUR!R DECREASE ! ROLE ( MONEY1 & ! SUP]SESSION ( EX*ANGE BY DI/RIBUTION WILL F9ALLY ELIM9ATE IT 9 A P]FECTLY NATURAL MANN]4 

,I,X4 ,EX*ANGE & ,DI/RIBUTION 

,9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY ! PRODUCTS ( ! MANUFACTUR+ 9DU/RIES >E DI/RIBUT$ BY MEANS ( TRADE4 ,SU* DI/RIBUTION IS *AOTIC & 9EQUITABLE4 ,9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY ?OSE :O WORK RECEIVE MU* FEW] & QUALITATIVELY 9F]IOR PRODUCTS ?AN ?OSE :O DO NOT WORK4 ,! PRODUCTS RETURN TO ! PRODUC]1 AS A CONSUM]1 ONLY AFT] !Y HAVE GONE ?R\< A NUMB] ( 9T]M$I>Y H&S4 ,AFT] MAK+ ?IS CIRCLE1 !Y >E LOAD$ ) P>ASITIC PRICE 9CREASES & ! WORK] AS A CONSUM] ACQUIRES ! PRODUCT ( H] [N LABOR AT A F> HI<] PRICE ?AN HE RECEIV$ = ITS PRODUCTION4 ,NATURALLY1 ) ! DE/RUCTION ( CAPITALI/ ME?ODS ( PRODUCTION1 ! CAPITALI/ ME?OD ( DI/RIBUTION -- TRADE -- WILL BE ABOLI%$ TOO1 & IT WILL BE REPLAT$ BY A SY/EM ( ACCURATE1 PLANN$ & EQUITABLE DI/RIBUTION 9 FULL H>MONY ) ! NEW1 AN>*I/ & NON-CAPITALI/ ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY4 

,SOCIETY1 9 ORGANIZ+ COMMUNI/IC PRODUCTION1 WILL ORGANIZE CONSUMPTION 9 A SIMIL> MANN]4 ,! PRODUC]S' COMMUNE MU/ BE SUPPLEM5T$ BY A CONSUM]S' COMMUNE4 ,9 ! SPH]E ( CONSUMPTION ! TASK WILL CONSI/ ( ! IMM$IATE ORGANIZATION ( A DI/RIBUTIVE-ACC\NT+ AG5CY :I* WILL AT ONCE BEG9 A PLANN$ & SY/EMATIC REPLACEM5T ( TRADE BY DI/RIBUTIVE COMMUNES 9 ! CITIES1 & DI/RIBUTIVE ASSOCIATIONS 9 ! VILLAGES4 ,AT ! BASE ( ! DI/RIBUTIVE APP>ATUS WILL BE ! CONSUM]S' COOP]ATIVE4 ,! NEW DI/RIBUTIVE AG5CY WILL ONLY BE ABLE TO C>RY \T ITS FUNCTIONS MO/ QUICKLY & ) ! LEA/ EXP5DITURE ( EF=T :5 ! 5TIRE POPULATION 9 ! CITIES IS ORGANIZ$ 9 CONSUM]S' COMMUNES1 & ON ! L& 9TO CONSUM]S' ASSOCIATIONS1 & :5 ! F$]ATION ( !SE COMMUNES & ASSOCIATIONS HAS COV]$ ! 5TIRE C\NTRY ) A CLOSE NETWORK1 COORD9AT$ ) ! ,EX*ANGE ,BANK4 

,LE>N+ FROM ! EXP]I5CE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! SUBSEQU5T DEVELOPM5T ( ITS LAT5T T5D5CIES1 ! ,SYNDICALI/S WILL UTILIZE CONSUM]S' CO OP]ATIVES AS ! DI/RIBUTIVE AG5CY1 CON/RUCT$ 9 SU* A WAY ?AT ! H\SE COMMITTEES WILL BECOME ! BASIC ORGANIZATIONAL CELLS4 ,! CONSUM]S' COMMUNES WILL COMB9E 9 !MSELVES BO? ! PRODUC]S & ! CONSUM]S4 ,AS A RESULT1 !RE WILL BE NO *ANCE = ! EM]G5CE ( A DICTATOR%IP ( EI!R ! PRODUC] OR ! CONSUM]4 

,! ORGANIZATION ( CONSUMPTION1 :I* H]E IS UND]/OOD 9 ITS WIDE/ POSSIBLE S5SE1 WILL CONSI/ ( TWO FUNDAM5TAL ELEM5TS1 ,ACC\NT+ & ,DI/RIBUTION4 ,ACC\NT+ WILL BE H&L$ BY ! ,BANK = ,CA%-&-,GOODS ,CR$IT1 :I* WILL BECOME A SECTION ( ! DI/RIBUTIVE AG5CY4 

,)9 ! ORBIT ( ! COMMUNI/IC SY/EM ( NATIONAL ECONOMY ALL PRODUC]S' COMMUNES 7FREE FACTORIES1 PLANTS & WORK%OPS7 WILL DELIV] ! :OLE ( ! PRODUCT ( !IR 9DU/RY TO ! PUBLIC W>EH\SES2 ! SAME WILL APPLY TO ! 9DU/RIALIZ$ AGRICULTURAL UNITS & ! RURAL COMMUNES1 ) ! DIFF]5CE H[EV]1 ?AT ! LATT] WILL DELIV] TO ! PUBLIC W>EH\SES NOT ! 5TIRE PRODUCT ( !IR LABOR BUT ONLY ?AT P>T :I* =MS ! EXCESS OV] :AT IS REQUIR$ = ! SATISFACTION ( ! NE$S ( ! RURAL COMMUNE ITSELF OR ( ! COMPOSITE AGRO-9DU/RIAL COMMUNITY4 

,AS = ! 9DIVIDUAL AGRICULTURAL UNITS1 !Y WILL VOLUNT>ILY DELIV] ALL !IR EXCESS TO !IR VILLAGE ASSOCIATIONS :OSE FUNCTION IS PUR*ASE & SALE4 ,!SE1 9 TURN1 WILL DELIV] ! PRODUCTS ( ! L& TO ! ,BANK = ,CA%-&-,GOODS ,CR$IT & RECEIVE MONET>Y TOK5S FROM IT AS WELL AS ANY GOODS !Y REQUIRE ON ! BASIS ( CA%-&-GOODS BOOKKEEP+4 

,DUR+ ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD COMMUNISM WILL NOT BE COMPLETE 9 ! SPH]E ( CONSUMPTION4 ,! TASK ( SOCIETY WILL BE TO HELP ITS GRADUAL UNFOLD+ 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! ACCUMULATION ( MAT]IAL GOODS4 ,! RAPIDITY ) :I* ! PR9CIPLE 0TO EA* ACCORD+ TO H] NE$S0 IS REALIZ$ WILL DEP5D ON ! GR[? ( PRODUCTIVITY 9 ! COMMUNIZ$ ECONOMY & ON ! PAVE ( ! TRANSITION TO ,COMMUNISM ( 9DIVIDUALI/IC AGRICULTURAL UNITS4 ,H5CE1 9 ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD1 BECAUSE ( ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( SATISFY+ ALL 0ACCORD+ TO !IR NE$S40 IT WILL BE NECESS>Y TO 9TRODUCE 9TO DI/RIBUTION A LIMIT+ PR9CIPLE1 I4E4 ! PR9CIPLE ( PROPORTIONALITY BETWE5 DI/RIBUTION & PRODUCTION4 

,FUNDAM5TAL TO DI/RIBUTION1 )9 ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY ( ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD1 WILL BE ! PR9CIPLE1 NOT ( EXP$I5CY1 BUT ( EQUALITY1 DIVID+ ! POPULATION 9TO DIFF]5T ,CONSUM] CATEGORIES4 ,FIR/LY1 SOCIETY MU/ TAKE C>E ( ! *ILDR51 ! NURS+ MO!RS1 ! OLD1 ! 9VALIDS & ! SICK -- 9DEP5D5T ( !IR =M] SOCIAL POSITIONS4 

,CONSUMPTION NORMS1 CALCULAT$ 9 T]MS ( MONEY & DI/RIBUT$ 9 BO? CA% & GOODS1 MU/ BE EQUAL -- EQUAL %>ES = ALL4 ,S9CE SOCIETY WILL HAVE ! OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE WORK = EV]YBODY1 IT WILL ALSO BE EXPECT$ TO MA9TA9 ALL ! UNEMPLOY$ AT ! SAME LEVEL AS ! WORK]S4 ,AS TO ! ADH]5TS ( ! OLD REGIME & ! MEMB]S ( =M] PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 !SE1 AS EQUAL MEMB]S ( ! NEW SOCIETY1 WILL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY RE/RICTIONS4 ,BUT ?OSE AMONG !M :O MI<T REFUSE TO LIVE ! WORK+ LIFE REQUIR$ ( EV]YBODY W\LD PLACE !MSELVES \TSIDE ! PALE ( SOCIETY & !Y W\LD RETA9 ! RI<T EI!R TO DIE ( />VATION OR TO EMIGRATE1 OR ELSE TO DEP5D ON ! *>ITY ( !IR COMMUNE1 IF ! LATT] *OOSE TO PRACTICE IT4 

,TAXATION 

,SOCIETY1 EM]G+ FROM ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & ABOLI%+ ALL ,/ATE ORGANIZATIONS1 WILL NE$ NO TAXES1 S9CE ALL MEANS ( PRODUCTION & TRANSPORT1 ALL PRODUCTS ( LABOR1 & LABOR ITSELF1 WILL =M ! WEAL? ( SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 
,BUT 9 ! PROCESS ( CON/RUCTION1 DUR+ ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD :5 ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY EXI/S SIDE BY SIDE ) 9DIVIDUALI/IC UNITS1 SOCIETY WILL HAVE TO TAX ! LATT] ) A C]TA9 PORTION ( !IR 9COME = ! SAKE ( EQUALITY AMONG ! :OLE PEOPLE4 ,!SE CONTRIBUTIONS W\LD BE US$ = ! MA9T5ANCE & ORGANIZATION ( TRANSPORT1 HI<WAYS1 PO/AL S]VICES1 TELEPHONE1 TELEGRAPH1 RADIO1 M$ICAL & SANIT>Y S]VICES1 G5]AL $UCATION & >MY -- ALL PUBLIC S]VICES :I* WILL BE AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! 9DIVIDUALI/IC UNITS BUT 9 :OSE EXP5SES !Y DO NOT %>E4 

,SU* TAXATION WILL BE BAS$ ON ! PR9CIPLE ( 9COME4 ,! AM\NT WILL BE DET]M9$ BY ! ,G5]AL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR4 0,TAXES0 WILL BE TAK5 9 GOODS BY ! ,BANK ( ,CA%-&-,GOODS ,CR$IT ?R\< ! COOP]ATIVE ASSOCIATIONS UNIT+ ! 9DIVIDUALI/IC UNITS4 

,LABOR 9 ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD 

,A SOCIAL ORD]1 BAS$ ON LIB]TY & ! MAT]IAL WELL-BE+ ( ALL1 WILL HAVE NO NE$ TO /RUGGLE = ! RI<TS & PROTECTION ( LABOR4 ,LABOR1 CEAS+ TO BE AN OBJECT ( EXPLOITATION1 WILL BECOME ! GUID+ PR9CIPLE 9 ! /RUCTURE ( ! SOCIO-ECONOMIC ORD]4 ,SOCIETY AS A :OLE WILL TAKE C>E ( ! HEAL? & LABOR ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 :ILE EA* 9DIVIDUAL WILL C>E = ! HEAL? & LABOR ( SOCIETY4 ,EA* WILL RESPECT ! O!RS' RI<TS4 
,! PRODUC]S !MSELVES WILL HAVE TO LOOK AFT] !IR NE$S 9 ?IS RESPECT1 I4E4 ! PRODUC]S' COMMUNE MU/ FOLL[ /RICTLY ! SCI5TIFICALLY DET]M9$ REGULATIONS ( ! M$ICO-SANIT>Y ASSOCIATIONS4 

,*ILD LABOR WILL BE ABOLI%$4 ,SOCIETY WILL HAVE AN OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE *ILDR5 UP TO ! AGE ( EI<TE5 ) A COMPREH5SIVE 9TEGRAL $UCATION1 PREP>+ !M = SOCIALLY USEFUL WORK4 ,?US ! PROBLEM ( *ILD LABOR 9 9DU/RY WILL CEASE TO EXI/4 ,FEMALE LABOR WILL BE ORGANIZ$ ACCORD+ TO SCI5TIFICALLY DET]M9$ REGULATIONS4 

,NATURALLY1 ! NEW SOCIETY WILL NOT NE$ TO CREATE SPECIAL 9/ITUTIONS = ! PROTECTION ( LABOR ?AT IS ! JOB ( ! F$]ATION ( ,PUBLIC ,HEAL? WORK]S1 :O WILL WORK UND] ! CONTROL ( SOCIETY AS A :OLE1 & ( ! PRODUC]S' COMMUNES 9 P>TICUL>4 

,9 ! QUE/ION ( WORK+ H\RS1 SOCIETY WILL BEG9 9 ! FIR/ /AGES ) ! SIX-H\R WORK+ DAY4 ,ANY FUR!R R$UCTION WILL BE DET]M9$ BY ! CONF]5CE ( PRODUC]S' COMMUNES & ! ,UNIONS ( ,PUBLIC ,S]VICE ,WORK]S1 & WILL DEP5D ON ! QUANTITY ( PRODUCTS ESS5TIAL TO SOCIETY1 ON ! NUMB] ( EMPLOY$ & UNEMPLOY$ PRODUC]S1 & ON ! IMPROVEM5TS 9 PRODUCTION PROCESSES4 ,!SE CONDITIONS1 & ! DEGREE ( ! SOCIALIZATION ( L&1 WILL DET]M9E ! SPE$ ( TRANSITION TO 9TEGRAT$ LABOR4 

,9 ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD WAGES WILL BE ABOLI%$ BY REASON ( ! ABOLITION ( HIR$ LABOR4 ,! PRODUC] WILL NOT BE A HIR$ WORK]1 BUT AN ACTIVE & EQUAL MEMB] ( ! PRODUC]S' COMMUNE FROM :OM NO-ONE WILL D$UCT SURPLUS VALUE4 ,EV]Y P>TICIPANT WILL RECEIVE1 NOT WAGES1 BUT AN EQUAL %>E ( ! PUBLIC WEAL? 9 :OSE PRODUCTION HE P>TICIPATES EQUALLY ) EV]YONE ELSE4 ?IS %>E ( ! PUBLIC WEAL?1 :I* WILL BE DI/RIBUT$ 9 T]MS ( BO? GOODS & MONEY1 & :I* WILL BE DET]M9$ SCI5TIFICALLY AT ! V]Y BEG9N+ BY ! ,G5]AL ,CONGRESS1 CANNOT REMA9 A FIX$ QUANTITY4 ,ITS 9CREASE OR DECREASE WILL DEP5D ON ! DEGREE ( EFFICI5CY 9 ! PRODUCTION ( PUBLIC WEAL?1 :I* WILL DEP5D 9 TURN1 AP>T FROM TE*NICAL ADVANCES1 ON ! MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY !MSELVES4 

,EA* P]SON1 9DEP5D5T ( H] =M] SOCIAL POSITION1 WILL HAVE & WILL USE ! RI<T TO WORK4 ,?IS FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE :I* PLACES ON SOCIETY ! OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE EV]YBODY ) REASONABLE PRODUCTIVE OR SOCIALLY USEFUL WORK &1 9 ! EV5T ( ITS 9ABILITY TO DO SO1 TO MA9TA9 !M ON AN EQUAL LEVEL ) EV]YBODY ELSE1 UNTIL IT MAY BE ABLE TO PROVIDE WORK = !M4 ,AS TO ?OSE :O1 ?\< CAPABLE ( WORK1 DESIRE TO UTILIZE !IR RI<T TO 9DOL5CE1 SOCIETY WILL MAKE NO EF=T LO LIMIT ?IS RI<T1 LEAV+ IT TO !M TO DIE ( />VATION4 ,A SOCIETY :OSE V]Y F\NDATION IS WORK1 MU/ C>RY \T ! PR9CIPLE3 0,%E :O DOES NOT WORK ( H] [N FREE WILL %ALL NOT EAT40 

,SOCIETY WILL HAVE NO NE$ TO CREATE SPECIAL 9/ITUTIONS = A SOCIAL 9SURANCE4 ,S9CE IT EXPECTS ALL TO WORK1 IT WILL DET]M9E ! M9IMUM & MAXIMUM WORK+ AGES1 BE=E & AFT] :I* ALL PEOPLE WILL BE PROVID$1 ON AN EQUAL FOOT+ ) O!RS1 ) ! NECESSITIES = EXI/5CE & ! COM=TS ( LIFE4 ,SIMIL>LY1 SOCIETY WILL PROVIDE = 9VALIDS1 CRIPPLES & ! SICK4 

,SECTION #b3 ,! ,POLITICAL ,SPH]E 

,G5]AL ,POLITICS 

,! B\RGEOIS-DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC1 ) ITS =MAL EQUALITY = ALL PEOPLE & ITS =MAL LIB]TIES1 9 ACTUAL FACT PROTECTS PRIVATE PROP]TY & ?US 9EVITABLY BECOMES A DICTATOR%IP ( ! B\RGEOISIE & AN ORGANIZATION = ! PITILESS EXPLOITATION ( ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,! SAME IS TRUE ( ! NEW ,/ATISM 9 ! =M ( ! ,SOVIET REPUBLIC1 EV5 IF IT IS SANCTIFI$ BY ! IDEA ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! FACT ?AT ! ,/ATE IS [N] NOT ONLY ( ALL MEANS ( PRODUCTION BUT ALSO ( ! LIFE ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 PLACES EV]YBODY 9 ! POSITION ( SLAVES1 ( TALK+ ROBOTS &1 ) IMPLACABLE LOGIC1 RESULTS 9 ! CREATION ( A NEW RUL+ CLASS EXPLOIT+ ! WORK+ CLASSES -- ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! BUREAUCRACY2 ! ,/ATE BECOMES A MON/R\S MA*9E = ! EXPLOITATION & TOTAL 5SLAVEM5T ( ! GREAT MASS ( ! PEOPLE BY A SMALL CLIQUE4 

,9 CONTRA/1 ! COMMUNAL CONF$]ATION WILL TRANS=M ! MASS ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE 9TO ! ONLY F\NDATION = ! CON/RUCTION ( A NEW1 AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 ?US A*IEV+ FULL FRE$OM ( MOVEM5T & FULL LIB]TY = ! 9DIVIDUAL4 

,B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY HIDES ITS CLASS *>ACT] UND] ! MASQU]ADE ( NATIONAL EQUALITY SYMBOLIZ$ BY UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 ,SOVIET DEMOCRACY1 ON ! O!R H&1 %>PLY ACC5TUATES ITS CLASS *>ACT] BY MA9TA9+ ?AT ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT IS SUPPOS$LY ESS5TIAL TO ! DE/RUCTION ( CLASSES & ! ,/ATE4 ,H[EV]1 ! EXP]I5CE ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION HAS %[N ?AT ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT IS A FICTION1 A NON-REALIZABLE UTOPIA1 S9CE1 LOGICALLY & UNAVOIDABLY1 IT RESULTS 9 A =M ( P>TY DICTATOR%IP &1 NEXT1 A RULE ( ! BUREAUCRACY1 I4E4 SIMPLE ABSOLUTISM4 ,! ,SOVIET /ATE IS =C$ TO PRET5D ?AT ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! BUREAUCRACY IS ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 JU/ AS ! B\RGEOISIE PRET5DS ?AT ITS DICTATOR%IP IS ! 0PEOPLE'S WILL04 

,9 CONTRA/1 ! COMMUNAL CONF$]ATION1 CON/ITUT$ BY ?\S&S ( FREELY ACT+ LABOR ORGANIZATIONS1 REMOVES ALL OPPORTUNITIES FOL ! LIMITATION ( LIB]TY & FREE ACTIVITY4 ,IT DEF9ITELY PREV5TS ! POSSIBILITY ( DICTATOR%IP BY ANY CLASS1 &1 CONSEQU5TLY1 ! POSSIBILITY ( E/ABLI%+ A REGIME ( T]ROR4 ,! BASIC *>ACT] ( ! COMMUNAL CONF$]ATION IS SU* ?AT IT NE$ HAVE NO FE> ( ! WIDE/ FRE$OM ( RI<TS = ALL M51 9DEP5D5T ( !IR SOCIAL ORIG91 SO LONG AS !Y WORK4 ,AS A RESULT1 TRUE DEMOCRACY1 DEVELOP$ TO ITS LOGICAL EXTREME1 CAN BECOME A REALITY ONLY UND] ! CONDITIONS ( A COMMUNAL CONF$]ATION4 ?IS DEMOCRACY IS ,AN>*Y4 

,BO? B\RGEOIS & SOVIET DEMOCRACIES LIMIT !MSELVES TO =MAL DECL>ATIONS ( POLITICAL FRE$OM & RI<TS3 ! FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 ASSEMBLY1 ASSOCIATION1 PRESS1 /RIKES1 9VIOLABILITY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 H\S+1 ETC4 ,! =M] E/ABLI%ES !SE FRE$OMS =MALLY = ALL1 ! LATT] ONLY = ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,BUT ! ADM9I/RATIVE PRACTICE ( !SE DEMOCRACIES &1 MORE IMPORTANT1 ! UTT] ECONOMIC DEP5D5CY ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE1 MAKE IT COMPLETELY IMPOSSIBLE = !M -- BO? 9 ! B\RGEOIS & ! PROLET>IAN /ATES -- TO MAKE USE ( !SE RI<TS & FRE$OMS4 

,! FULL1 UNLIMIT$ RI<TS ( WOMAN & CITIZ5 >E POSSIBLE1 9 REAL LIFE RA!R ?AN 9 PROCLAMATIONS1 9 ACTUALITY RA!R ?AN 9 =M1 ONLY 9 CONDITIONS ( FULL SELF-GOV]NM5T 9 ! %APE ( A COMMUNAL CONF$]ATION :]E CAPITALISM & ! /ATE DO NOT EXI/ & :]E PR9T+1 PAP]1 ETC4 WILL BE G5]ALLY AVAILABLE UND] ! MANAGEM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE F$]ATION CONC]N$4 

,B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY PROCLAIMS ! RI<TS ( M5 & CITIZ5S1 BUT1 [+ TO ITS GOV]NM5TAL & CAPITALI/ F\NDATIONS1 IT CANNOT TRANSMUTE !SE RI<TS 9TO ACTUAL FACT4 ,FUR!RMORE1 9EQUALITY & OPPRESSION GRADUALLY 9CREASE & AT ! PRES5T TIME1 9 ! EPO* ( ,IMP]IALISM1 B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY HAS REA*$ ! HI<E/ DEGREE ( 9T5SIFI$ RACIAL & NATIONAL OPPRESSION4 

,SOVIET DEMOCRACY HAS 9 ?IS RESPECT MADE ! PRET5SE ( A /EP =W>D1 BUT ! (FICIAL DECL>ATION ( ! PR9CIPLE ( NATIONAL SELF-DET]M9ATION HAS NOT L$1 & CANNOT LEAD1 TO ! ACTUAL SELF-DET]M9ATION ( PEOPLES )9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,9 ADDITION1 EV5 9 LIB]AT+ ONE NATION FROM ! DOM9ATION ( ANO!R1 ! ,SOVIET ,/ATE DOES NOT LIB]ATE ! PEOPLE ( ?AT NATION FROM 9T]NAL DOM9ATION4 ,NATIONAL FRE$OM DOES NOT CONSI/ 9 SEP>ATION1 OR 9 ADM9I/RATIVE SELF-RULE1 BUT 9 ! FRE$OM ( ! 9DIVIDUALS COMPOS+ ! NATION4 

,! FRE$OM ( A NATION CAN HAVE FULL EXPRESSION ONLY 9 A COMMUNAL CONF$]ATION 9 :I* FRE$OM WILL BECOME A REALITY ?R\< ! LIB]TY ( 9DIVIDUALS UNIT+ AT WILL 9 ALL MANN] ( FREE ASSOCIATIONS1 9CLUD+ NATIONAL ONES4 

,NOT CONT5T ) A =MAL DECL>ATION ( ! EQUALITY ( ! SEXES1 ! ,SOVIET ,/ATE ATTEMPTS TO A*IEVE IT 9 REALITY BY MAK+ V]Y WEAK & DIFFID5T EF=TS 9 ! DIRECTION ( ! LIB]ATION ( WOM5 FROM ! BURD5S ( H\SEKEEP+1 FROM ! KIT*5 & *ILD RE>+4 ,BUT S9CE ! ,/ATE IS BY NATURE AN 5EMY ( FULL LIB]TY1 SO 9 ?IS ISSUE TOO IT HAS COME UP AGA9/ 9SURM\NTABLE OB/ACLES -- OB/ACLES 9H]5T 9 ITS [N NATURE -- ?R\< APPROPRIAT+ TO ITSELF ?OSE FUNCTIONS ( ! *UR* & ! B\RGEOIS /ATE1 ! SANCTION+ & REGULATION ( M>RIAGE4 ,! FULL EQUALITY ( ! SEXES & FRE$OM = WOM5 >E POSSIBLE ONLY 9 CONDITIONS ( LIB]TY = ALL1 & SU* CONDITIONS WILL COME 9TO EXI/5CE ONLY 9 ! COMMUNAL CONF$]ATION4 

,! EXP]I5CE ( A POLITICAL /RUCTURE BAS$ ON A SY/EM ( FREE ,SOVIETS1 :I* MADE ITS APPE>ANCE AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION1 DEMON/RATES ?AT ! TRUE ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY ON ! BASIS ( A F$]ATION ( ,SOVIETS W\LD NOT ONLY REMOVE ALL ! NEGATIVE ASPECTS ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY & P>LIAM5T>ISM1 W\LD NOT ONLY ASSURE TO ! WORK+ MASSES SIMPLICITY 9 ! ELECTION & RECALL ( DELEGATES1 W\LD NOT ONLY BR+ ! PEOPLE CLOS] TO !IR SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS1 BUT W\LD ALSO DE/ROY ! ,/ATE 9 ALL ITS =MS1 9CLUD+ DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,COMMUNALISM1 I4E4 ! F$]ATION ( FREE COMMUNES ) ! ,SOVIETS 9 ! FIELD ( ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ( ! C\NTRY1 W\LD TAKE ! PLACE ( ! ,/ATE4 

,! B\RGEOIS ,/ATE HAS TRANS=M$ ! >MY 9TO A WEAPON = ! SUPPRESSION ( ! WORK+ MASSES1 & ! PROTECTION ( ! ,/ATE1 I4E4 ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,9 ! ,SOVIET ,/ATE TOO ! >MY FULFILLS ! SAME FUNCTIONS4 ,ONLY ! WORK+M5'S MILITIA1 >M+ ALL ! PEOPLE1 & ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS & ! VILLAGE COMMUNES1 CAN BE A TRUE WEAPON = ! PROTECTION ( G5]AL LIB]TY & WELL-BE+4 ,A WORK+M5'S MILITIA WILL BE TANTAM\NT TO ! REMOVAL ( ! ,/ATE & ! CLASS SY/EM4 

,ADMITT+ = ! PROLET>IAT ! GUID+ ROLE 9 ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! ,AN>*I/S BELIEVE IT W\LD 5DANG] ! CAUSE ( LIB]ATION IF ANY K9D ( PRIVILEGES W]E 9/ITUT$ = !M 9 RELATION LO O!R CATEGORIES ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,EQUALITY ( RI<TS & OBLIGATIONS = ALL FROM ! FIR/ DAYS ( ! ,REVOLUTION -- ?AT IS ! FUNDAM5TAL DEM& ( SOCIAL JU/ICE4 

,NATIONALITIES & ,9T]NATIONAL ,RELATIONS 

,NATIONAL RI<TS >E NOT A PR9CIPLE 9 !MSELVES1 BUT A RESULT ( ! PR9CIPLE ( FRE$OM4 ,NO NATION OR NATIONALITY1 AS A NATURAL ASSOCIATION ( 9DIVIDUALS ON ! BASIS ( COMMON LANGUAGE1 CAN F9D SUITABLE CONDITIONS = ITS NORMAL DEVELOPM5T )9 ! CONF9ES ( A CAPITALI/ 5VIRONM5T & ,/ATE ORGANIZATION4 ,/RONG] NATIONS CONQU] ! WEAK] ONES & MAKE EV]Y EF=T TO DISMEMB] !M BY MEANS ( >TIFICIAL ASSIMILATION4 ,= ?AT REASON NATIONAL DOM9ATION IS A CON/ANT COMPANION ( ! ,/ATE & ( CAPITALISM4 ,! CRIM9ALLY M]C5>Y 9T]E/S ( ! RUL+ CLASS IMPEL !M TO S[ HATR$ & HO/ILITY BETWE5 NATIONS1 TWO EMOTIONS :I* LIE AT ! ROOT ( PATRIOTISM1 :I* 9 TURN IS SO ESS5TIAL TO ! ,/ATE & TO CAPITALISM4 

,SO CALL$ NATIONAL 9T]E/S1 :I* TODAY >E ALWAYS P>T & P>CEL ( ECONOMIC & POLITICAL AFFAIRS FROM ! VIEWPO9T ( ! ,/ATE1 >E 9 FA/ ! 9T]E/S ( ! RUL+ CLASSES4 ,H5CE !Y >E CONTR>Y TO ! NE$S ( ! PEOPLE1 & LEAD TO HO/ILITY BETWE5 NATIONS & TO W>4 ,!RE=E1 9 CAPITALI/ ,/ATE SOCIETY1 ! NATIONAL PROBLEM IS A P>TIAL ASPECT ( ! G5]AL PROBLEM -- I4E4 ! PROBLEM ( FRE$OM1 & CANNOT BE SOLV$ 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 

0,! RI<T ( A NATION TO SELF-DET]M9ATION0 & TO 9DEP5D5T SOV]EIGN EXI/5CE1 IS NO?+ BUT ! RI<T ( ! NATIONAL B\RGEOISIE TO ! UNLIMIT$ EXPLOITATION ( ITS PROLET>IAT2 ! ACTUALIZATION ( ?IS RI<T 9 A MULTI-NATIONAL C\NTRY :I* RAISES ! BANN] ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & ?US F9DS ITSELF 5CIRCL$ BY CAPITALISM1 BECOMES 9 FA/ ! RI<T TO SELF-DEF5SE ( ! NATIONAL B\RGEOISIE AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION1 & A WEAPON ( ! 9T]NATIONAL B\RGEOISIE4 ?IS WAS DEMON/RAT$ CONV9C+LY BY ! ,RUSSIAN EXP]I5CE 9 ! YE>S BETWE5 #aiag & #a#i#b#b4 ,! REALIZATION ( ! 0RI<T TO NATIONAL SELF-DET]M9ATION0 IS ?US A REALIZATION ONLY ( EXTRANE\S FRE$OM -- ?AT ( NATIONALITIES -- FROM :I* ! EXPLOIT$ CLASSES GA9 TOO LITTLE1 IF ANY?+ AT ALL4 

,FUR!RMORE1 ! SLOGAN ( ! 0RI<T ( EA* NATION TO SELF-DET]M9ATION01 IF FOLL[$ TO ITS LOGICAL CONCLUSION1 BECOMES AN ABSURDITY4 ,TO REALIZE IT ON ! T]RITORY ( ! ,UNION ( ,SOCIALI/ ,SOVIET ,REPUBLICS1 = 9/ANCE1 W\LD HAVE L$ TO ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A MULTITUDE ( ,/ATES1 :I* W\LD BE 9ADMISSIBLE FROM ! VIEWPO9T EI!R ( ! 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IAT OR ( ?OSE ( FRE$OM & ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT ! ,AN>*I/S >E OPPOS$ TO NATIONAL FRE$OM4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y HAVE ALWAYS /OOD = ! RI<TS ( ALL OPPRESS$ NATIONALITIES4 ,NATIONALITY1 LIKE ! 9DIVIDUAL1 IS A NATURAL SOCIAL & H]TORIC FACT1 & RECOGNITION ( IT IS A VITAL PR9CIPLE4 ,EV]Y NATION1 H[EV] L>GE OR SMALL & ON :ATEV] CULTURAL LEVEL IT MAY BE1 HAS ! RI<T1 JU/ LIKE ! 9DIVIDUAL1 TO ?9K1 FEEL1 DESIRE1 SPEAK & ACT 9 ITS [N WAYS4 ,?AT1 9 FA/1 IS :AT NATIONAL RI<T REALLY MEANS -- ! RI<T TO BE ONESELF2 ?IS RI<T IS A NATURAL CONSEQU5CE ( ! PR9CIPLES ( LIB]TY & EQUALITY4 

,NATIONALITY ITSELF1 H[EV]1 IS NOT A PR9CIPLE BUT A FA/4 ,TO ADVANCE IT AS AN IDEAL = ALL MOVEM5TS ( ! EXPLOIT$ CLASSES W\LD BE CRIM9AL4 ,! ,AN>*I/S /& ABOVE ! N>R[ & PETTY NATIONAL AMBITIONS 0= :I* ONE'S C\NTRY IS ! C5T] ( ! WORLD1 :I* SEES GREATNESS 9 ITS CAPACITY TO T]RIFY ITS NEI<BORS40 ,9T]NATIONAL FRE$OM & EQUALITY1 WORLD-WIDE JU/ICE1 >E HI<] ?AN ALL NATIONAL 9T]E/S4 ,NATIONAL RI<TS CEASE TO BE A CONSEQU5CE ( !SE HI<] PR9CIPLES IF1 & :51 !Y PLACE !MSELVES AGA9/ LIB]TY & EV5 \TSIDE LIB]TY4 ,EV]Y ,/ATE IS AN 5EMY ( LIB]TY & EQUALITY4 ,NATIONS :I* A*IEVE !IR RI<T TO SELF-DET]M9ATION & :I* BECOME /ATES1 9 !IR TURN BEG9 TO D5Y NATIONAL RI<TS TO !IR [N SUBORD9ATE M9ORITIES1 TO P]SECUTE !IR LANGUAGES1 !IR DESIRES & !IR RI<T TO BE !MSELVES4 ,9 ?IS MANN]1 SELF-DET]M9ATION NOT ONLY BR+S ! NATION CONC]N$ NONE ( ?AT 9T]NAL FRE$OM 9 :I* ! PROLET>IAT IS MO/ 9T]E/$1 BUT ALSO FAILS TO SOLVE ! NATIONAL PROBLEM4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT BECOMES A ?REAT TO ! WORLD1 S9CE ,/ATES MU/ ALWAYS AIM TO EXP& AT ! EXP5SE ( !IR WEAK] NEI<BORS4 

,= ?AT REASON ! ,AN>*I/S1 9 REJECT+ ! ,/ATE1 ALSO REJECT ITS WAYS & MEANS ( SOLV+ ! NATIONAL PROBLEM2 A REAL & FULL SOLUTION WILL BE POSSIBLE ONLY 9 CONDITIONS ( ,AN>*Y1 9 A ,COMMUNISM EMANAT+ FROM ! LIB]TY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & A*IEV$ BY ! FREE ASSOCIATION ( 9DIVIDUALS 9 COMMUNES1 ( COMMUNES 9 REGIONS1 & REGIONS 9 NATIONS -- ASSOCIATIONS F\ND$ 9 LIB]TY & EQUALITY & CREAT+ A NATURAL NATIONAL UNITY 9 PLURALITY4 

,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION1 FREELY E/ABLI%$ BY ! VOLUNT>Y F$]ATION ( SELF-GOV]N+ P>TS 9 A S+LE :OLE1 WILL SOLVE ! NATIONAL PROBLEM COMPLETELY ON ! BASIS ( FULL LIB]TY & EQUALITY1 )\T :I* ANY SOLUTION ( ! PROBLEM W\LD NECESS>ILY BE> A B\RGEOIS *>ACT]1 & H5CE BECOME EI!R SECRETLY OR OP5LY AGGRESSIVE4 ,ONLY ! ,COMMUNAL ,CONF$]ATION WILL DET]M9E ! WORLD ORD] 9 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS1 REMOV+ ALL CAUSES = W> & OPPRESSION4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION CANNOT CONSI/ ( ,/ATES1 S9CE AN ASSOCIATION ( ,/ATES1 LIKE ! CONTEMPOR>Y ,LEAGUE ( ,NATIONS1 IS NO?+ MORE ?AN AN 9T]NATIONAL ASSOCIATION ( ! EXPLOIT+ CLASSES DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT1 & UTILIZ+ AS WEAPONS ! D5IAL ( FRE$OM & ! CON/ANT ?REAT ( W>4 

,! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION MU/ BE PREC$$ BY ! ,COMMUNALI/IC ,REVOLUTION1 REPLAC+ ! ,/ATE BY COMMUNES & ,TRADE ,UNIONS :I*1 UNIT+ FREELY FROM BEL[1 >E ! ONLY ORGANIZATIONS CAPABLE ( E/ABLI%+ A REAL 9T]NATIONAL UNITY BAS$ ON ! RECOGNITION ( ! RI<T TO SELF-DET]M9ATION NOT ONLY = EV]Y NATION 7REG>DLESS ( SIZE71 BUT ALSO = ALL COMMUNES & PROV9CES )9 NATIONS4 ,!RE WILL BE ONLY TWO CONDITIONS TO SU* SELF-DET]M9ATION3 ?AT !IR 9T]NAL /RUCTURE %ALL NOT ?REAT5 ! FRE$OM & SELF-DET]M9ATION ( !IR NEI<BORS & ?AT ! FACT ( VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION DOES NOT P]MAN5TLY B9D A MEMB]4 

,ON ! BASIS ( ! PO9TS \TL9$ ABOVE1 & 9 ! LI<T ( !IR F9AL GOAL1 ! CURR5T POLICY ( ! ,AN>*I/S 9 ! SPH]E ( NATIONAL PROBLEMS & 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS IS DIRECT$ T[>D DRAW+ TOGE!R ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT1 & ! WORK+ PEASANTRY ( ALL NATIONS1 9 A COMMON /RUGGLE = ! ABOLITION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY 7! /RUGGLE = COMMUNISM72 9 A COMMON /RUGGLE = ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ,/ATE 7! /RUGGLE = AN>*Y72 9 A COMMON /RUGGLE = ! DE/RUCTION ( ALL NATIONAL PREJUDICES1 FRONTI]S & PRIVILEGES1 = EQUALITY & SELF-DET]M9ATION = ALL NATIONS4 ,H5CE PROPAG&A = ! IDEA ( AN ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION1 ACTIVE COOP]ATION 9 ITS ORGANIZATIONAL EF=TS & P>TICIPATION 9 ITS WORK >E AN OBLIGATION = EV]Y AN>*I/4 

,AS = ! NATIONAL RI<T TO 0SELF-DET]M9ATION01 ,AN>*I/S DO NOT D5Y A NATION'S RI<T TO SEP>ATION1 S9CE IT IS P>T ( ! PR9CIPLE ( FRE$OM :I* !Y RECOGNIZE4 ,!Y D5Y ONLY ! USEFULNESS TO ! PROLET>IAT1 NOT ( SELF-DET]M9ATION AS SU*1 BUT ( SELF-DET]M9ATION ACCORD+ TO ,/ATE CONCEPTS4 ,ACKN[L$G+ ?AT A /RONG PATRIOTISM IS DEVELOP+ AMONG ! 5SLAV$ NATIONS &1 ) IT1 A DI/RU/ ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! RUL+ NATIONALITIES 7A FACT :I* HAS A P]NICI\S EFFECT ON ! /RUGGLE ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT = FULL & UNIV]SAL LIB]ATION71 ! ,AN>*I/S DEM& ! LIB]ATION ( ALL COLONIES & SUPPORT EV]Y /RUGGLE = NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE AS LONG AS IT IS AN EXPRESSION ( ! WILL ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT & ! WORK+ PEASANTRY ( ! NATION CONC]N$4 

,ORGANIZATION ( ,DEF5SE 

,A4 ,MILIT>Y ,SPH]E 

,! TRUE ,REVOLUTION IS UN?9KABLE )\T ! P>TICIPATION ( ! BROAD MASSES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,:]EV] !SE >E ABS5T !RE IS NO ,REVOLUTION2 IT MAY BE A MUT9Y1 A C\P D'ETAT1 BUT NO?+ MORE4 ,MUT9IES & C\PS >E CREAT$ >TIFICIALLY4 ,REVOLUTIONS RIP5 BY NATURAL PROCESS1 & REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITIES CAN ONLY AID ?IS PROCESS !Y >E NEV] A CAUSE ( ! UPHEAVAL4 ,= ?AT REASON A ,REVOLUTION :I* BR+S ! HUGE MASSES ( ! PEOPLE 9TO ACTION IS ALWAYS SUCCESSFUL4 ,IT WILL ALWAYS REMA9 A H]TORIC L&M>K = ITS [N PEOPLE & O!RS1 BECAUSE1 EV5 9 DEA?1 IT GIVES A DIRECTION TO POPUL> ASPIRATIONS = C5TURIES AHEAD4 ,SU* REVOLUTIONS1 FOLL[+ ONE ANO!R1 W]E ! ,5GLI% ! ,FR5* & ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTIONS4 

,REVOLUTION IS ! DE/RUCTION ( ! OLD ORD] 9 ALL SPH]ES ( LIFE4 ,9 ! PROCESS ( DE/RUCTION1 ! ,REVOLUTION PRODUCES DISORD]4 ?IS DISORD]1 AS IT ANNIHILATES ! =CES ( ! OLD SOCIETY1 IS 9 NO DANG] ( BE+ SUPPRESS$ DUR+ ! FIR/ P]IOD ( ! UPHEAVAL -- UNTIL ! T]RIFI$ ELEM5TS ( ! OLD REGIME RALLY FROM ! %OCK ( ! ELEM5TAL ONSLAU<T & REASSEMBLE !IR =CES4 ,DUR+ ?IS %ORT 9T]VAL ! ,REVOLUTION MU/ E/ABLI% ITS [N ORD] & MU/ 9TRODUCE A S]IES ( ECONOMIC MEASURES :I* WILL PREV5T OR1 AT LEA/1 HAMP] ! ORGANIZATION ( RESI/ANCE ON ! P>T ( ! ADH]5TS ( ! OLD REGIME1 & :I* WILL PROVE 9 !MSELVES A FACTOR ( DEF5SE4 

,! ,REVOLUTION MU/ ALSO LAY IMM$IATELY ! F\NDATIONS = ITS ORGANIZ$ MILIT>Y DEF5SE4 ,! FIR/ ACT 9 ?IS DIRECTION WILL BE ! CAPTURE ( WEAPONS & AMMUNITION DUMPS1 ! DISSOLUTION ( ! OLD >MY1 ! >M+ ( ALL MUT9E]S & ! ORGANIZATION AMONG6 !M ( A REVOLUTION>Y GU>D ON ! BASIS ( PLANTS1 VILLAGES & 9/ITUTIONS4 ,!SE MEASURES ( ! FIR/ P]IOD ( ! ,REVOLUTION WILL NOT H[EV] BE SUFFICI5T = ITS DEF5SE DUR+ A CIVIL W>4 :I* WILL UND\BT$LY BE ORGANIZ$ & SUPPORT$ BY ! ,9T]NATIONAL IMP]IALISM 5CIRCL+ ! C\NTRY ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,H5CE ! SECOND /EP WILL HE ! ORGANIZATION ( >M$ =CES ACCORD+ TO ALL ! RULES ( MILIT>Y SCI5CE1 BUT 9 COMPLETE H>MONY ) ! FUNDAM5TAL AIMS ( ! ,REVOLUTION ITSELF4 

,P>TISAN DETA*M5TS WILL NOT BE A SIGNIFICANTLY RELIABLE =M = ! FULL DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,!Y WILL C]TA9LY APPE> 9 ! ,REVOLUTION ITSELF1 & WILL PLAY A USEFUL P>T 9 ! 9ITIAL /AGES ( ! /RUGGLE1 BUT !Y WILL BE HELPLESS ONCE IT TAKES ON ! ASPECTS ( REAL W>F>E4 ,UND] SU* CONDITIONS HO/ILITIES CAN ONLY BE CONDUCT$ BY PROP]LY ORGANIZ$ >M$ =CES1 CAPABLE ( UTILIZ+ MILIT>Y SCI5CE & ALL ME?ODS ( MOD]N W> TE*NIQUE4 ,BUT AN >MY 9 ! =M :I* EXI/S 9 B\RGEOIS C\NTRIES1 OR ON ! L9ES ( ! ,R$ ,>MY 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA1 W\LD NOT CON=M TO ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ON :I* ! NEW SOCIETY IS TO BE BUILT4 ,!RE=E NEI!R ! >MY NOR P>TISAN DETA*M5TS CAN BE CONSID]$ ! DESIRABLE =M ( ORGANIZ+ ! MILIT>Y =CES 9 ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,! FIR/ W\LD BE A ?REAT TO FRE$OM1 ! SECOND AN 9SUFFICI5T MEANS ( DEF5SE4 

,9/EAD4 ! ,AN>*I/S PROPOSE ! G5]AL >M+ ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE ON ! BASIS ( A MILITIA4 ?IS MILITIA W\LD BE ORGANIZ$ ON ! FOLL[+ PR9CIPLES3 

,>M+ ( ALL WORK+ PEOPLE CAPABLE ( BE>+ >MS FROM ! AGES ( EI<TE5 TO =TY-FIVE4 

,RECRUITM5T ( ALL WOM5 CAPABLE ( WORK FROM ! AGES ( EI<TE5 TO ?IRTY-FIVE1 = M$ICAL S]VICES CONNECT$ ) ! WORK+M5'S MILITIA4 

,ABOLITION ( MILIT>Y S]VICE LIFE 9 B>RACKS4 

,9/EAD ( B>RACKS1 :I* >E TO BE US$ ONLY 9 TIME ( W> & ( MU/]S = MILIT>Y TRA9+1 ALL MILIT>Y & M$ICAL TRA9+ W\LD BE GIV5 AT ! PLACE ( WORK3 9 FACTORIES1 PLANTS1 WORK%OPS1 VILLAGES & AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITIES1 )\T SEP>AT+ ! TRA9EE FROM H] SOCIALLY USEFUL WORK4 

,9/ITUTION ( AN ANNUAL ?IRTY-DAY MU/] = MANEUV]S1 = :I* MOBILIZATION1 LIKE ?AT = W>1 WILL BE CONDUCT$ ACCORD+ TO AGE GR\PS4 

,! ORGANIZATIONAL APP>ATUS ( ! WORK+M5'S MILITIA WILL CONSI/ ( MOBILIZATION COMMITTEES1 9CLUD+ MILIT>Y SPECIALI/S1 ATTA*$ TO ! F$]ATIVE ASSOCIATIONS ( PRODUCTIVE COMMUNES4 ,! SPECIALI/S WILL1 AT ! SAME TIME1 CONT9UE TO FULFILL !IR ECONOMIC FUNCTIONS 9 ! COMMUNE ON AN EQUAL BASIS ) ALL ITS O!R MEMB]S4 

,SUPPLY ,DEP>TM5TS WILL BE E/ABLI%$ 9 ! F$]ATIVE DI/RIBUTIVE ASSOCIATIONS & 9 ! COOP]ATIVES1 & !SE WILL ALSO 9CLUDE MILIT>Y SPECIALI/S4 

,! ,MILIT>Y ,OP]ATIONS /AFF ( ! WORK+M5'S MILITIA WILL BE CON/ITUT$ ON AN ELECTIVE BASIS FROM AMONG ?OSE 9VOLV$ 9 MILIT>Y 9/RUCTION & FROM ! BE/ EXP]TS ON MILIT>Y AFFAIRS4 

,9 !IR CONDUCT ( MILIT>Y & MILIT>Y TE*NICAL $UCATION1 ! ,MILIT>Y /AFF WILL APPO9T TO EA* PRODUCTION UNIT ! NUMB] ( 9/RUCTOR-COMM&]S NE$$4 ,! TASK ( !SE 9/RUCTORS WILL BE TO LEAD ! MILIT>Y UNITS 9 FACTORIES1 PLANTS & VILLAGES1 & AT ! SAME TIME TO WORK1 LIKE EV]YBODY ELSE1 9 PRODUCTIVE JOBS4 ,! P]SONS APPO9T$ BY ! ,MILIT>Y ,OP]ATIONS /AFF MAY BE REMOV$ FROM !IR PO/S NOT ONLY BY ! ,/AFF1 BUT ALSO BY A G5]AL MEET+ ( ! MEMB]S ( ! PLANT OR ! VILLAGE COMMUNE4 

,S9CE ! C\NTRY ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION WILL BE UND] CON/ANT ?REAT ( MILIT>Y ATTACK ON ! PALT ( ITS B\RGEOIS NEI<BORS1 ! ,REVOLUTION WILL NE$ TO PROVIDE = ! TRA9+ ( SPECIALI/S 9 ALL BRAN*ES ( MILIT>Y AFFAIRS4 ,H5CE ! MILIT>Y TRA9+ S*OOLS WILL HAVE TO REMA9 9 EXI/5CE DUR+ ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD1 ?\< !Y WILL BE RE=M$ 9 ! PROP] MANN]1 :ILE ! S]VICES ( ! (FIC]S ( ! OLD >MY & ( ! TE*NICAL 9TELLIG5TSIA WILL HAVE TO BE UTILIZ$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,[+ TO ! ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE ( ! WORK+MAN'S MILITIA DESCRIB$ ABOVE1 ALL ITS 9/ITUTIONS & ALL 9DIVIDUALS S]V+ IT MU/ BE 9DU/RIALIZ$ 9 PEACETIME1 I4E4 !Y MU/ BE ORGANIZ$ 9 PRODUCTIVE LABOR 9 ACCORDANCE ) !IR TRA9+ & ) ! ORGANIZATIONAL NE$S ( ! WORK+MAN'S MILITIA4 

,! W> PRODUCTION PLANTS WILL BE COMMUNIZ$ & 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! G5]AL SY/EM ( COMMUNI/IC ECONOMY4 ,!Y WILL JO9 ! CORRESPOND+ PRODUCTIVE ASSOCIATIONS & WILL RECEIVE PRODUCTION ORD]S FROM ! ,MILIT>Y ,PRODUCTION ,SECTION ( ! ,G5]AL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR4 

,! DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ORGANIZ$ 9 ?IS MANN]1 WILL PROVIDE ! OPPORTUNITY = ! UTILIZATION ( ALL ! ADVANTAGES ( MILIT>I/IC >MIES1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME NEI!R 9DIVIDUALS NOR ORGANIZATIONS :I* MI<T ACT AGA9/ LIB]TY & ! REVOLUTION WILL F9D IT POSSIBLE TO SEIZE MILIT>Y P[]4 ,! 9DU/RIALIZATION ( ! MILITIA'S MA*9]Y & P]SONNEL WILL PREV5T BUREAUCRATIZATION & ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! COMM&+ /AFF 9TO A SEP>ATE MILIT>Y CA/E4 

,B4 ,PUBLIC ,SECURITY & ,9T]NAL ,TRANQUILITY 

,! NEW SOCIETY1 EV5 9 ITS TRANSITORY =M1 WILL BE A TRULY FREE ASSOCIATION ( PEOPLE BAS$ ON ! UNIV]SAL RECOGNITION ( ! NATURAL RI<TS ( WOMAN4 ,LIB]TY & EQUALITY1 ) A RESULT+ SOLID>ITY & RESPECT = ! 9ALI5ABLE RI<TS ( O!RS ?AT IS ! REAL MEAN+ ( NATURAL JU/ICE4 

,LIB]TY IS 9DIVISIBLE FROM EQUALITY1 JU/ AS EQUALITY IS 9DIVISIBLE FROM LIB]TY4 ,LIB]TY )\T EQUALITY IS ONLY =MAL LIB]TY1 & IT IS FOLL[$ BY ! >BITR>Y RULE ( A M9ORITY OV] ! MAJORITY4 ?IS K9D ( LIB]TY IS *>ACT]I/IC ( ,/ATE-CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,& EQUALITY )\T LIB]TY1 :I* IS ! *>ACT]I/IC ( ,/ATE-,COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 IS 9EVITABLY FOLL[$ BY ! COMPLETE 5SLAVEM5T ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,! ,AN>*I/S WILL !RE=E BUILD SOCIETY ON ! F\NDATIONS ( NATURAL RI<T1 :]E LIB]TY & EQUALITY WILL BE 9DIVISIBLE2 !Y RECOGNIZE & DESI/ FROM OPPOS+ ?OSE NORMS ( BEHAVIOR :I* RESULT FROM ?IS RI<T4 

,NATURAL RI<T IS 9IMICAL TO ALL LEGISLATION1 :I* MU/ NECESS>ILY LIMIT ITS FUNCTION+4 ,H5CE NEI!R ! COMMUNAL /RUCTURE1 :I* IS ! TRANSITORY /EP T[>DS MATURE COMMUNISM & AN>*Y1 NOR1 OBVI\SLY1 ! /RUCTURE ( FULL COMMUNISM & AN>*Y1 WILL HAVE NE$ ( LEGISLATION4 ,) ! ELIM9ATION ( WRITT5 JURIDICAL LAWS1 LEGISLATION WILL COME TO AN 5D4 ,! ONLY WRITT5 LAW WILL BE ! ,CON/ITUTION ( ! ,CONF$]ATION & ITS COMPON5T SECTIONS1 ! G5]AL AGREEM5T BAS$ ON ! NATURAL RI<T APPLICABLE TO ALL MEMB]S ( ! ,CONF$]ATION :O WI% TO REMA9 )9 IT4 

,S9CE1 9 MOD]N SOCIETY1 ALMO/ ALL CRIMES >E COMMITT$ 9 ! SPH]E ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 AS A RESULT ( ! DEFIANCE ( NATURAL RI<T BY ?OSE 9 P[]1 ! REMOVAL ( ! CAUSE WILL ALSO LEAD TO A REMOVAL ( ITS CONSEQU5CES4 ,H5CE1 9 ! FUTURE SOCIETY & 9 ITS ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD1 ! ONLY CRIMES WILL BE ?OSE COMMITT$ AS A RESULT ( ! SICK CONDITION ( AN 9DIVIDUAL1 AS WELL AS1 9 ! FIR/ P]IOD :ILE ! PSY*OLOGY *>ACT]I/IC ( ! /ATE CAPITALI/ SOCIETY /ILL L+]S1 CRIMES CONNECT$ ) A REFUSAL TO C>RY \T SOCIAL OBLIGATIONS4 

,ANO!R TYPE ( CRIME -- ! CRIME AGA9/ LIB]TY & EQUALITY -- WILL TAKE ON MASS *>ACT] ONLY AT ONE PO9T 9 ! ,TRANSITION P]IOD2 :5 AN ACTIVE /RUGGLE IS WAG$ = ! CONQUE/ ( PEACEFUL CONDITIONS = ! HEAL?Y DEVELOPM5T ( ! FIR/ /AGES ( SOCIETY 9 ! DIRECTION ( FULLY CONSUMMAT$ COMMUNISM & AN>*Y1 I4E4 9 ! P]IOD ( ! CIVIL W>4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL :O W\LD RISE AGA9/ LIB]TY & EQUALITY1 W\LD PLACE HIMSELF BY ?AT V]Y ACT \TSIDE BO?1 & W\LD BE SUBJECT EI!R TO O/RACISM1 EXILE OR TEMPOR>Y ISOLATION1 ) ! UTILIZATION ( H] LABOR CAPACITY = PRODUCTIVE WORK 9 CONDITIONS ( HUMAN DIGNITY4 ,ALL PRISON]S ( ! CIVIL W> WILL BELONG TO ?IS TEMPOR>Y CATEGORY ( CRIM9ALS AGA9/ LIB]TY & EQUALITY4 ,!RE WILL BE NO NE$ TO E/ABLI% SPECIAL 9/ITUTIONS = ?IS CATEGORY ( CRIM9ALS4 ,!Y WILL BE DEALT ) BY ! WORK+M5'S MILITIA ?R\< ITS MA*9]Y1 & BY ! C\NCILS ( ! COMMUNE4 

,= ! RE/1 ! SOCIETY ( ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD WILL CONDUCT ITS CAMPAIGN AGA9/ CRIME NOT BY REV5GE 9 ! =M ( LEGAL PUNI%M5T1 :I* IS ! GUID+ PR9CIPLE ( JU/ICE 9 ! B\RGEOIS & /ATE SOCIALI/ /RUCTURES1 BUT BY TREATM5T1 $UCATION & TEMPOR>Y ISOLATION ( ! ABNORMAL ELEM5TS1 9S(> AS ?AT WILL PROVE NECESS>Y1 &1 MO/ ( ALL1 BY MEANS ( MORAL 9FLU5CE1 A ME?OD :I* IS ALREADY BE+ APPLI$ SUCCESSFULLY BY V>I\S SOCIETIES & ORGANIZATIONS4 ,= ?AT REASON ! SOCIETY ( ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD WILL HAVE NO NE$ ( LEGAL 9/ITUTIONS ON ! L9ES ( ?OSE 9 ! MOD]N ,/ATE-,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,IT WILL DEAL ) ! QUE/ION BY PROVID+ >BITRATION AT ! PLACES ( PRODUCTION2 9 ! CASE ( SMALL CRIMES :I* HAVE NO SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE & HAVE BE5 COMMITT$ \TSIDE PRODUCTION C5T]S1 SOCIETY WILL BE ABLE TO DEAL ) !SE ALSO ?R\< >BITRATION4 

,AS TO CRIMES ( SOCIAL IMPORT LIKE1 = 9/ANCE1 V>I\S K9DS ( VIOLATIONS ( LIB]TY & EQUALITY1 MURD]1 ETC41 SU* CASES WILL BE DEALT ) BY PUBLIC COMMUNAL C\RTS COMPOS$ ( REPRES5TATIVES ( PRODUC]S' & CONSUM]S' COMMUNES1 COOP]ATIVES & H\SE COMMITTEES 9 ! COMMUNE 9 QUE/ION1 & WILL 9CLUDE APPROPRIATE SCI5TIFIC EXP]TS & PHYSICIANS4 ,! COMPOSITION ( !SE C\RTS1 ORGANIZ$ :5EV] REQUIR$1 WILL BE FLEXIBLE1 S9CE ! JUDGES WILL BE ELECT$ = SPECIFIC SESSIONS ONLY4 ,S9CE PRISONS AS SU* WILL BE ABOLI%$1 ! CRIM9AL WILL BE SUBJECT1 DEP5D+ ON H] PSY*OLOGICAL CONDITION1 EI!R TO M$ICAL TREATM5T OR TO TEMPOR>Y ISOLATION FROM SOCIETY 9 SPECIAL CORRECTIONAL PRODUCTIVE COMMUNES )9 :OSE LIMITS HE WILL BE 5TIRELY FREE4 

,A SOCIETY :I* HAS ABOLI%$ PRIVATE PROP]TY & ! ,/ATE4 ) ALL ITS PRIVILEGES1 WILL HAVE NO NE$ ( ! S]VICES ( ! POLICE1 & WILL TAKE ! BUS9ESS ( 9T]NAL SECURITY & PEACE 9TO ITS [N H&S4 ,AS LONG AS ! NE$ EXI/S1 ! 5TIRE POPULATION -- AS REPRES5T$ 9 H\SE1 /REET & DI/RICT COMMITTEES1 WILL FULFILL ?IS SOCIAL FUNCTION 9 ROTATION4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! REORGANIZ$ PROTECTION ( 9T]NAL SECURITY & ! ASSURANCE ( TRANQUILITY 9 ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD WILL NOT RESEMBLE1 EI!R 9 %APE OR 9 SUB/ANCE1 ! P>ALLEL 9/ITUTIONS ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 ,!IR =M WILL RESULT LOGICALLY FROM ! *>ACT] ( ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD ITSELF & WILL BE BAS$ ON ! SELF-RELIANT ACTION ( ! POPULATION4 ?IS SELF-PROTECTION WILL C]TA9LY PROVE SUP]FLU\S 9 ! MATURE SOCIETY ( FREE COMMUNISM4 

,M>ITAL & ,FAMILY ,LAW 

,! ABOLITION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY & ( ! ,/ATE ) ALL ITS 9/ITUTIONS WILL BE FOLL[$ NATURALLY BY ! ABOLITION ( ! MOD]N FAMILY1 :I* RE/S ON ! SAME F\NDATIONS AS CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY ITSELF1 I4E4 ON P[] & PROP]TY1 PASS$ ON FROM G5]ATION TO G5]ATION BY MEANS ( ! 9H]ITANCE LAW1 = :I* !RE WILL BE NO ROOM EV5 9 ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD4 

,MOD]N M>RIAGE1 DEP5D5T ON COMPULSORY SANCTION BY GOV]NM5T1 SOCIETY OR P>5TS1 WILL BE ABOLI%$ & WILL BE SUPPLANT$ BY FREE M>RIAGE1 :I* WILL BECOME ! BASIS ( ! NEW FAMILY4 ,! ,AN>*I/S1 BEG9N+ ) ! FUNDAM5TAL CONCEPT ( LIB]TY & EQUALITY1 >E OPPOS$ TO M>RIAGE BY COMPULSION1 & RAISE ! BANN] ( ! FREE UNION ( ! SEXES4 

0,9 ABOLI%+ RELIGI\S1 CIVIL & JURIDICAL M>RIAGE10 SAID ,BAKUN91 0WE WILL RETURN LIFE1 REALITY & MORALITY TO NATURAL M>RIAGE1 BAS$ SOLELY ON ! MUTUAL RESPECT & ! FRE$OM ( TWO PEOPLE1 WOMAN & WOMAN1 :O LOVE EA* O!R2 9 RECOGNIZ+ = EA* ( !M ! RI<T TO SEP>ATE FROM ! O!R :5EV] HE SO DESIRES1 )\T REQUIR+ = ?IS ! P]MISSION ( ANYONE1 9 D5Y+ ALSO ! NE$ = P]MISSION 9 ! JO9+ ( TWO PEOPLE1 & 9 REJECT+ ALL 9T]F]5CE1 ( ANY 9/ITUTION :ATSOEV]1 9 !IR UNION1 WE %ALL MAKE !IR RELATIONS ) EA* O!R EV5 FIRM]1 TRU] & MORE S9C]E40 

,9 CONNECTION ) ! FUNDAM5TAL REORGANIZATION ( M>RIAGE1 ! QUE/ION ( *ILDR5 WILL >ISE !IR UPKEEP1 $UCATION & 9/RUCTION4 ,SOCIETY WILL NOT TAKE *ILDR5 AWAY FROM !IR P>5TS1 BUT IT WILL TAKE UPON ITSELF !IR C>E1 $UCATION & 9/RUCTION UP TO ! AGE ( EI<TE54 ,IT WILL ASSUME ! OBLIGATION TO GIVE EV]Y *ILD AN EQUAL1 9TEGRAT$ $UCATION1 :I* WILL PREP>E HIM SIMULTANE\SLY = PHYSICAL & 9TELLECTUAL EF=T4 ,! Y\NG >E ! SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE1 & = ?AT REASON SOCIETY IS 9T]E/$ MO/ VITALLY 9 ! PROP] $UCATION & 9/RUCTION ( ALL *ILDR5 )\T DI/9CTION4 ,9 %ORT1 IT WILL BECOME !IR GU>DIAN4 

,! P>5TS WILL HAVE ! RI<T TO NATURAL AU?ORITY OV] !IR *ILDR51 BUT ?IS AU?ORITY MU/ NOT /& 9 OPPOSITION TO MORALITY1 OR TO ! 9TELLECTUAL DEVELOPM5T & FRE$OM ( ! *ILDR52 SOCIETY WILL RETA9 = ITSELF ! RI<T TO REASONABLE CONTROL & ! PROTECTION ( *ILDR5 FROM P>5TAL DESPOTISM4 

,! ,AN>*I/S WILL 9/ITUTE ?IS FUNDAM5TAL REORGANIZATION ( M>RIAGE & ! FAMILY FROM ! FIR/ DAYS ( ! ,REVOLUTION BY MEANS ( A GRADUAL & RATIONAL PROCESS & NOT1 ( C\RSE1 BY MEANS ( COMPULSION4 

,G5]AL ,VIEW ( ! ,CON/RUCTION ( ,FUTURE ,SOCIETY 

,! BASIC FABRIC ( ! FUTURE SOCIETY IS COMPOS$1 9 ! AN>*I/ VIEW1 ( ?REE ELEM5TS4 ,! FIR/ IS ! PRODUC]S' ASSOCIATION ( ! PEOPLE1 LEAD+1 ?R\< ! SYNDICALISATION ( PRODUCTION1 TO PRODUC]S' COMMUNISM4 ,! SECOND IS ! CONSUM]S' ASSOCIATION RESULT+1 ?R\< ! UTILIZATION ( COOP]ATIVES 9 CONSUM]S' COMMUNISM4 ,! ?IRD IS ! T]RITORIAL ASSOCIATION ( ! PEOPLE1 LEAD+ ?R\< COMMUNISM TO UNITY 9 DIV]SITY1 I4E4 ! CONF$]ATION ( NATIONS1 BAS$ ON ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( ,AN>*ISM -- LIB]TY & EQUALITY4 
,H[EV]1 ! ,AN>*I/S DO NOT VISUALIZE FUTURE SOCIETY 9 SU* A SIMPLIFI$ & S*EMATIC =M4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 9 !IR EYES IT IS REPRES5T$ BY A F> MORE COMPLICAT$ PATT]N1 9 :I* ! BASIC FABRIC IS 9T]WOV5 BY 9NUM]ABLE ?READS ( V>I$ & CON/ANTLY OV]LAPP+ HUMAN GR\P+S1 PRODUC+ A GREAT DIV]SITY ( NE$S & ACTIVITIES ON ! P>T ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 9 :OM SOCIETY IS F9ALLY ROOT$4 

,! ,EV]YDAY ,/RUGGLE -- ,ORGANIZATION1 ,TACTICS & ,EV]YDAY ,TASKS 

,TO A*IEVE & HA/5 SUCCESS 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,/ATE ,CAPITALI/ /RUCTURE ! ,AN>*I/S ORGANIZE 9 ,TRADE ,UNIONS & /RIVE TO MAKE !M 9CLUSIVE ( ! 5TIRE 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT & ! WORK+ PEASANTRY4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 9 ! VIEW ( ! ,AN>*I/S1 >E NOT ONLY ORGANS ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! CONTEMPOR>Y /RUCTURE2 !Y >E ALSO ! CELLS ( ! FUTURE SOCIETY4 

,! ,TRADE ,UNIONS ( DIFF]5T 9DU/RIES1 AP>T FROM ! 9DU/RIAL ASSOCIATION ( WORK]S 9 EA* SEP>ATE 9DU/RY1 UNITE ON A CITY-WIDE BASIS 9 F$]AL C\NCILS4 ,& ALL ,TRADE ,UNIONS 9 ! C\NTRY UNITE 9 ! ,G5]AL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR :I*1 ADAPT+ ITSELF TO *ANG+ CONDITIONS1 WILL 9 ! FUTURE TAKE ! PLACE ( ! ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ( ,CAPITALISM4 

,S9CE ! ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR IS ! PROTOTYPE ( ! NEW ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY1 IT MU/ BE BUILT ON PR9CIPLES :I* WILL S]VE 9 ! FUTURE1 I4E4 ON LIB]TY -- ! AUTONOMY ( 9DIVIDUALS & ORGANIZATIONS -- & ON EQUALITY ,H5CE ITS ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLE WILL BE COMPLETE ,F$]ALISM4 

,ACCEPT+ FULLY ! VIEW ?AT EV]Y POLITICAL MOVEM5T MU/ BE SUBORD9AT$ TO ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE1 ! ,AN>*I/S ORGANIZE !IR [N ASSOCIATIONS 9 ACCORDANCE !RE) & ON ! BASIS ( IDEOLOGICAL AFF9ITY4 

,!Y CONSID] UNIFICATION BY IDEOLOGICAL AFF9ITY 9 ! AN>*I/ PROPAG&A GR\PS1 ! FUR!R UNIFICATION ( !SE GR\PS 9TO LOCAL F$]ATIONS1 & ( F$]ATIONS 9TO ! NATIONAL CONF$]ATION1 AS VITALLY IMPORTANT1 S9CE SU* A CONF$]ATION1 NOT BE+ DIRECTLY 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,TRADE ,UNION /RUGGLE1 W\LD SUPPLEM5T ! ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR 9 ! FIELD ( MASS PROPAG&A & ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,! ,CONF$]ATION ( AN>*I/ GR\PS1 )\T 9T]F]+ 9 ! AFFAIRS ( ! ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR1 CO-OP]AT+ ) & YET SEP>ATE FROM IT1 IS OPPOS$ TO ALL POLITICAL P>TIES )\T EXCEPTION4 

,IT WILL C>RY ON A REL5TLESS CLASS /RUGGLE & EXPOSE ! COMPLETE IRRECONCILABILITY ( ! 9T]E/S ( ! PROP]TI$ CLASSES ) ?OSE ( ! PROLET>IAT & ! PEASANTRY4 ,IT WILL HELP TO CL>IFY ! H]TORIC SIGNIFICANCE ( ! PROLET>IAT1 & ! 9EVITABILITY & NECESSITY ( ! SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! GR\PS MU/1 9 !IR EV]YDAY ACTIVITIES1 REVEAL TO ! WORK+ PEOPLE ! HOPELESSNESS ( !IR SITUATION BO? 9 ! CAPITALI/ & 9 ! /ATE SOCIALI/ SOCIETIES -- :E!R ! LATT] IS A 0,DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,PROLET>IAT0 OR SOME O!R /ATE SOCIALI/ =M4 ,!Y MU/ PO9T TO ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION AS ! PEOPLE'S ONLY ESCAPE FROM !IR MIS]ABLE EXI/5CE4 

,! 9T]E/S ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT & ( ! SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION DICTATE ?AT ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,B\RGEOISIE & ALL K9DS ( P]V]T$ SOCIALISM BE CONDUCT$ NOT ONLY )9 NATIONAL LIMITS1 BUT ALSO 9T]NATIONALLY4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 ! /RUGGLE MU/ BE MA9TA9$ 9 ! ECONOMIC FIELD AGA9/ ! RE=MI/ ,AM/]DAM ,9T]NATIONAL ( ,TRADE ,UNIONS & AGA9/ ! ,MOSC[ 0,PR(9T]N02 ON ! O!R H&1 9 ! SPH]E ( G5]AL POLITICS1 IT MU/ BE DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! POLITICAL P>TISAN ,SECOND & ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONALS4 ,! GUIDANCE 9 ?IS /RUGGLE MU/ BE VE/$ 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ( REVOLUTION>Y PRODUCTIVE UNIONS1 I4E4 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION1 E/ABLI%$ BY ! UNIFICATION ( REVOLUTION>Y PRODUCTIVE UNIONS ( ALL C\NTRIES AT ! ,B]L9 ,CONGRESS ON ,DECEMB] #b#e1 #a#i#b#b4 

,AS = ! REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITIES ( ! ,AN>*I/S1 !IR FIELD IS NOT LIMIT$ TO ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 BUT 9CLUDES ALSO ! COOP]ATIVES1 S*OOLS1 CITY & VILLAGE ADM9I/RATIONS &1 9 G5]AL1 ALL SPH]ES :]E ! PULSE ( WORK+ LIFE IS BEAT+4 ,! ,AN>*I/S01 TAK+ AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! /RUGGLE = EV]YDAY 9T]E/S ( ! EXPLOIT$ CLASSES1 BR+ TO IT !IR ,REVOLUTION>Y ME?ODS4 ,RESPOND+ TO ALL BURN+ QUE/IONS ( ! DAY1 !Y RELATE !M TO ! F9AL GOAL & UTILIZE EV]Y OPPORTUNITY = AGITATION1 PROPAG&A & ! ORGANIZATION ( ! EXPLOIT$ CLASSES4 

,! ,AN>*I/S REJECT ! PA? ( P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY4 ,!IR TACTICS >E BAS$ ON ! PR9CIPLE ( DIRECT ACTION3 MASS PROTE/S1 /RIKES1 BOYCOTT1 SABOTAGE & O!R ME?ODS ( DIRECT 9FLU5CE4 

,APP5DIX 

,H[ ! ,PROBLEM ( ,PRODUCTION WAS ,5VISAG$ 9 ! ,PA/ 

,A4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL 

,UNTIL ! SPLIT 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! MEMB]S ( ! ,JURA ,F$]ATION1 9 !IR NEWSPAP] ,SOLID>ITY ( ,AUGU/ #b1 #a#h#g1 WROTE 9 ?IS VE9 ( ! FUTURE ORGANIZATION ( ,EUROPE3 

0,9 ! FUTURE1 ,EUROPE WILL CONSI/ NOT ( A F$]ATION ( DIFF]5T NATIONS1 POLITICALLY ORGANIZ$ 9 REPUBLICS1 BUT ( A SIMPLE F$]ATION ( LABOR ASSOCIATIONS )\T ANY DIFF]5TIATION ACCORD+ TO NATIONALITY40 

,AFT] ! SPLIT AT ! ,HAGUE ,CONGRESS 9 #a#h#g#b1 ! ,AN>*I/S CALL$ !IR [N ,CONGRESS 9 ,/4 ,IMI] AT :I* !Y 5VISAG$ ! FUTURE SOCIETY 9 ! FOLL[+ MANN]3 

,! ASPIRATIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT CAN HAVE NO O!R GOAL ?AN ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A COMPLETELY FREE ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION & F$]ATION1 BAS$ ON UNIV]SAL LABOR & EQUALITY1 & ABSOLUTELY 9DEP5D5T ( ALL POLITICAL GOV]NM5TS2 & ?IS ORGANIZATION & F$]ATION CAN ONLY BE ! RESULT ( ! SELF-RELIANT ACTIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT ITSELF1 ! ASSOCIATIONS ( >TISANS & AUTONOM\S COMMUNES40 

,B4 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 

,SOCIETY MU/ BE ORGANIZ$ 0BY MEANS ( ! FREE F$]ATION ( LABOR ASSOCIATIONS FROM BEL[ UPW>DS1 BO? 9 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE1 ( SCI5TIFIC ASSOCIATIONS & SOCIETIES ( WORK]S 9 >T & LIT]ATURE -- AT FIR/ 9 COMMUNES1 !N 9 ! F$]ATION ( COMMUNES 9 EA* PROV9CE1 ( PROV9CES 9 ! NATION & ( NATIONS 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,BRO!RHOOD40 .<SIC.> 7,MESSAGE1 PP4 #a#i#g1 #i#h74 

,!N1 0! L& WILL BELONG ONLY TO ?OSE :O WORK IT ) !IR [N H&S0 -- ! AGRICULTURAL COMMUNES4 ,CAPITAL & ALL MEANS ( PRODUCTION WILL BELONG TO ! WORK]S -- ! WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS4 ,! 5TIRE POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ( ! FUTURE MU/ BE NO?+ BUT ! VOLUNT>Y F$]ATION ( FREE WORK]S1 BO? 9 AGRICULTURAL & FACTORY -- >TISAN C>TELS0 7PRODUC]S' COOP]ATIVES74 7,N4,P4 #i#g74 

,9 SU* A SOCIETY LABOR WILL BE COMPULSORY = ALL4 ,IT MU/ BE COLLECTIVE & EQUAL -- ALL MU/ WORK4 ,IF =M] B\RGEOIS DO NOT WI% TO WORK1 :ILE !Y >E CAPABLE ( DO+ SO4 !Y WILL BE SUBJECT TO ! AXIOM3 !Y :O DO NOT WORK1 NEI!R %ALL !Y EAT4 

,AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION1 CITY & VILLAGE PROLET>IANS WILL BECOME [N]S -- PROBABLY COLLECTIVE [N]S -- 9 V>Y+ =MS & V>Y+ CONDITIONS1 DEP5D+ ON EA* LOCALITY1 PROV9CE & COMMUNE1 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! LEVEL ( CIVILIZATION & ! WILL ( ! POPULATION4 ,! =M] WILL BECOME [N]S ( CAPITAL & ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 ! LATT] ( ! L& :I* !Y WILL TILL ) !IR H&S4 

,! FULL REALIZATION ( ?IS PROBLEM WILL1 ( C\RSE1 TAKE A C5TURY4 

,C4 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,\R PRODUCTION HAS GONE 9 A WRONG DIRECTION4 ,9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISES >E NOT CONC]N$ ) ! NE$S ( SOCIETY2 !IR ONLY GOAL IS ! 9CREASE 9 ! MIDDLEM5'S PR(ITS4 ,/>T+ \T FROM ?IS PO9T1 ! SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION WILL HAVE TO ORGANIZE PRODUCTION ON A BASIS D]IV$ FROM A CONC]N ) ! NE$S ( ! POPULATION4 ,! MEANS ( PRODUCTION MU/ BE TRANSF]R$ 9TO ! H&S ( ! PEOPLE4 ,EV]Y?+ MU/ BELONG TO ALL4 ,! ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION MU/ BEG9 IMM$IATELY FOLL[+ EXPROPRIATION4 ,SOCIETY MU/ BE ORGANIZ$ ON ! PR9CIPLES ( AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM4 ,\R FIR/ TASK IS ! IMM$IATE REALIZATION ( ,COMMUNISM4 ,! MA9 PR9CIPLES ( ! ORGANIZATION ( IE NEW =M ( PRODUCTION IS 0VOLUNT>Y AGREEM5T40 ,ITS CONCRETE =M IS ! VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION )9 ! COMMUNE1 & ! F$]ATION ( COMMUNES4 ,?AT IS H[ ,KROPOTK9 WROTE ON ! SUBJECT 9 HIS 0,BREAD & ,FRE$OM04 

,KROPOTK9 =MULAT$ O!R MORE CONCRETE & SIMPL] ORGANIZATIONAL =MS 9 ! LAT] YE>S ( HIS LIFE4 ,9 HIS PREFACE TO 0,P>OLES D'UN ,REVOLTE0 7#a#i#a#i7 HE EXPRESS$ HIS ?\<TS MORE PRECISELY ?AN HE HAD EXP\ND$ !M 9 0,BREAD & ,FRE$OM04 ,HE SAID ?AT HE HAD 9 M9D A CON/RUCTION EVOLV$ BY SOCIETY ITSELF1 RIS+ FROM ! SIMPLE CELL 9 ! VILLAGE1 ! CITY DI/RICT1 ! ,TRADE ,UNION OR COOP]ATIVE1 TO ! MORE COMPLEX ORGANISMS1 5VELOP+ ! CITY AS A :OLE1 ! PROV9CE & ! :OLE NATION4 

,D4 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALISM ( ,P\GET & ,PATAUD 

,YET ANO!R AN>*I/ SY/EM1 ,KROPOTK9 SAID1 WAS PO9T$ \T BY \R COMRADE1 ! ,SYNDICALI/ ,P\GET1 9 HIS BOOK 0,H[ WE ,%ALL ,A*IEVE ! ,REVOLUTION04 ,9 ?IS HE SET =? ! WAY 9 :I* ! ,AN>*I/S SAW ! SOCIAL UPHEAVAL FROM ! VIEWPO9T ( ! TRADE UNIONS & ! SYNDICATES4 ,P\GET MA9TA9S ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION MI<T HAVE BE5 REALIZ$ 9 ,FRANCE HAD IT BE5 DIRECT$ BY ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 ,! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 EXPECT+ NO?+ FROM ?OSE :O W\LD 9VE/ !MSELVES ) P[]1 C\LD EXPROPRIATE ! ,CAPITALI/S ONLY BY ! ACTION ( !IR CONGRESSES1 & !N ORGANIZE PRODUCTION ON NEW F\NDATIONS1 SIMULTANE\SLY PREV5T+ ANY /OPPAGE 9 PRODUCTION4 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT ?IS C\LD BE A*IEV$ ONLY BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES ?R\< !IR ORGANIZATIONS4 

,I DIFF] FROM ,P\GET 9 SEV]AL DETAILS1 BUT ,I GLADLY RECOMM5D HIS BOOK TO ALL ?OSE :O UND]/& ! 9EVITABILITY & ! CLOS5ESS ( ! SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION :I* HUMANITY IS YET TO EXP]I5CE4 

,G4,P4 ,MAXIM(F 

,GREGORI ,PETROI* ,MAXIM(F WAS BORN ON ,NOVEMB] #a1 #a#h#i#c1 9 ! ,RUSSIAN VILLAGE ( ,MITU%9O1 PROV9CE ( ,SMOL5SK4 ,AFT] /UDY+ = ! PRIE/HOOD1 HE REALIZ$ ?IS WAS NOT HIS VOCATION & W5T TO ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 :]E HE GRADUAT$ AS AN AGRONOMI/ AT ! ,AGRICULTURAL ,ACADEMY 9 #a#i#a#e4 ,HE JO9$ ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T :ILE A /UD5T1 WAS AN ACTIVE PROPAG&I/ &1 AFT] ! #aiag REVOLUTION1 JO9$ ! ,R$ ,>MY4 ,:5 ! ,BOL%EVIKS US$ ! ,>MY = POLICE WORK & = DIS>M+ ! WORK]S1 HE REFUS$ TO OBEY ORD]S & WAS S5T5C$ TO DEA?4 ,! SOLID>ITY ( ! /EELWORK]S' UNION SAV$ HIS LIFE4 

,HE $IT$ ! ,SYNDICALI/ PAP]S ,GOLOS ,TR\DA 7,VOICE ( ,LABOR7 & ,NOVY ,GOLOS ,TR\DA 7,NEW ,VOICE ( ,LABOR74 ,>RE/$ ON ,M>* #h1 #a#i#b#a1 DUR+ ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT1 HE WAS HELD ) O!R COMRADES 9 ! ,TAGANKA ,PRISON1 ,MOSC[4 ,F\R MON?S LAT] HE W5T ON HUNG] /RIKE = T5 & A HALF DAYS & 5D$ IT ONLY :5 ! 9T]V5TION ( ,EUROPEAN ,SYNDICALI/S ATT5D+ A CONGRESS ( ! ,R$ ,TRADE ,UNION ,9T]NATIONAL1 SECUR$ = HIM & HIS COMRADES ! POSSIBILITY TO SEEK EXILE ABROAD4 

,HE W5T TO ,B]L91 :]E HE $IT$ ,RABOT*I ,PUT 7,LABOR'S ,PA?71 A PAP] ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,SYNDICALI/S 9 EXILE4 ,?REE YE>S LAT] HE W5T TO ,P>IS1 !N TO ! ,U4,S41 :]E HE SETTL$ 9 ,*ICAGO4 ,!RE HE $IT$ ,GOLOS ,TRUZH5IKA 7,WORK]'S ,VOICE7 & LAT] ,DIELO ,TRAUDA-,PROBUZHD5IE 7,LABOR'S ,CAUSE-,AWAK5+7 UNTIL HIS DEA? ON ,M>* #a#f1 #a#i#e4 

,MAXIM(F DI$ :ILE YET 9 ! PRIME ( LIFE1 AS ! RESULT ( HE>T TR\BLE1 & WAS M\RN$ BY ALL :O HAD ! GOOD =TUNE TO KN[ HIM4 ,HE WAS NOT ONLY A LUCID ?9K]1 BUT A WOMAN ( /A9LESS *>ACT] & BROAD HUMAN UND]/&+4 ,& HE WAS A :OLE P]SON 9 :OM CL>ITY ( ?\<T & W>M? ( FEEL+ W]E UNIT$ 9 ! HAPPIE/ WAY4 ,HE LIV$ AS AN AN>*I/1 NOT BECAUSE HE FELT SOME SORT ( DUTY TO DO SO1 IMPOS$ FROM \TSIDE1 BUT BECAUSE HE C\LD NOT DO O!RWISE1 = HIS 9N]MO/ BE+ ALWAYS CAUS$ HIM TO ACT AS HE FELT & ?\<T4 

,RUDOLF ,ROCK] 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibf 3 ,PROGRAMME ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #a#f1 #bai 3 ,PROGRAMME ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,PROGRAMME ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/