,PRISONS & ,CRIME1 ,P>T #c 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN 

,TAGS 3 DET]R5T P[] ( FE>1 P[] ( FE>1 CRIM9AL CLASSES1 GREAT BRITA91 CRIM9AL CLASS1 TREAT+ CRIME1 DET]R5T P[]1 CRIME1 SOCIETY1 ME?ODS4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,F]N&O DE ,S\SA1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,?REE ,ESSAYS BY ,A4,B4 

,I,I,I4 ,CRIME4 

,SOCIETY MAKES NOT ! LEA/ EF=T TO PREV5T CRIME1 AS IT C\LD & %\LD BY PURSU+ SU* ME?ODS :I* W\LD T5D TO REMOVE ! CONDITIONS BRE$+ CRIM9ALS4  ,IT DEALS ) CRIM9ALS1 NOT ) CRIME4  ,IT CONC]NS ITSELF ONLY ) ! CLASSES OR 9DIVIDUALS ALREADY CRIM9AL --- G5]ALLY AFT] ! COMMITM5T ( A CRIME & OCCASIONALLY :ILE 9 ! ACT ( COMMITM5T --- COMPLETELY DISREG>D+ ?OSE /&+ ON ! PRECIPICE4  

( CRIM9ALITY2 READY TO TAKE !IR FATAL LEAP4  ,ALONG ! ROAD ( WANT & SUFF]+ & =BE>ANCE SOCIETY'S LES MIS]ABLES1 ?OSE GUILTY )\T GUILT >E PU%$ =W>D BY A /RONG & IRRESI/IBLE H&1 =W>D & =W>D T[>DS ! YAWN+ ABYSS2 & !RE1 PAUS+ A MOM5T ON ! BR9K1 !Y BEHOLD ! GAP+ *ASM1 ILLUM9AT$ BY ! SUN ( DECEIT1 & ?R\< ! EYES ( MIS]Y & DESPAIR !Y P]CEIVE FATA MORGANA ( LUCRATIVE EASE1 & :ILE !Y >E B5D+ HALF-FRI<T5$1 OV] ! DANG]\S BR9K1 !Y >E LIFT$ UP ) IRRESI/IBLE =CE & PU%$ OV] ! V]GE & S5D FLY+ D[N ! /EEP 9CL9E1 D[N & D[N1 DEEP] & DEEP] 9TO ! YAWN+ ABYSS1 FROM :I* !RE IS NO RETURN+4  ,& ALL ! :ILE SOCIETY IS CALMLY LOOK+ ON1 NEV] MOV+ A S+LE F+] ) A VIEW ( RET>D+ ! PROGRESS ( ! FALL5 YET EV] READY TO /AMP !M ) ! LABEL ( CRIM9ALITY & TO SUBJECT ! BLE$+ & TORN =MS TO ! C>E ( 0,JU/ICE01 TO BE PUNI%$ = !IR FALL4  

 ,& H[ DOES ,JU/ICE TAKE C>E ( ! CRIM9AL CLASSES8 H[ >E ! LATT] TREAT$8  

 ,CONC]N+ ! CRIM9AL CLASSES1 ! MOTTO ( ,SOCIETY HAS ALWAYS BE5 7& /ILL IS73 0,GET RID ( !M40  

 ,& AS ! SIMPLE/ WAY TO GET RID ( !M IS TO KILL !M1 ?AT WAS ! ME?OD ORD9>ILY PURSU$ UNTIL A V]Y REC5T P]IOD4  ,9 ,GREAT ,BRITA91 UND] ,H5RY .<8.>1 #bfc CRIMES W]E PUNI%$1 9 ! REIGN ( ,H5RY ,V,I,I,I #b1 P]SONS W]E HANG$ 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA94 

 ,BUT WE1 ( ! #a#i? C5TURY1 HAVE BECOME TOO HUMANE TO C>RY ON ! PROCESS 9 ?AT WAY4  ,WE PUNI% M5 OR IMPRISON !M TO GET RID ( !M4  

 ,HAVE ! ME?ODS ( ! PA/ OR DO ! MOD]N ME?ODS EXT]M9ATE CRIME OR EV5 *ECK ITS PROGRESS8  ,BY NO MEANS4  ,IF WE W\LD TAKE ! C5SUS ( ! CRIM9AL CLASSES & ?OSE DEP5D5T UPON ! LATT] 9 ! ,UN4 ,/ATES1 WE WILL F9D ?AT ONE P]SON 9 SEV5TY BELONGS TO ! CRIM9AL CLASS 79 ! BROAD S5SE ( ! T]M74  ,& ?IS CRIM9AL CLASS HAS1 ON ! :OLE1 BE5 9CREAS+ ?R\<\T ,*RI/5DOM4  ,9 ,SPA9 IT HAS D\BL$ 9 ?IRTE5 YE>S1 9 ,FRANCE IT HAS 9CREAS$ SEV]AL HUNDR$ P]C5T )9 ! LA/ QU>T] C5TURY1 & 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IT HAS GR[N ONE ?IRD FA/]1 PROPORTIONATELY1 ?AN ! POPULATION S9CE ! ,CIVIL ,W>4  ,! ANNALS ( CRIM9ALITY CLE>LY DEMON/RATE ?AT \R ME?ODS ( TREAT+ CRIME >E FLAT FAILURES1 & ! EFFECTS ( ! TREATM5T 9JURI\S TO SOCIETY1 AS A :OLE4 
  

 ,! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE ( PA/ & PRES5T ME?ODS IS ESS5TIALLY WRONG4  ,! ADM9I/RATION ( ,JU/ICE TO CRIM9ALS IS IMMORAL1 BRUTAL & BRUTALIZ+1 & UNJU/1 = BY JU/ICE IS MEANT ! GIV+ TO EV]Y WRONG DE$ ITS EQUIVAL5T 9 P5ALTY1 A FUNCTION :I* IS BUT DISGUIS$ REV5GE4 

 ,! DET]R5T P[] ( FE> IS NOT ! PROP] MEANS ( TREAT+ CRIME4 

,IT HAS BE5 TRI$ & IT HAS FAIL$4  ,M5 >E NOT DET]R$ FROM CRIME BY FE>4  ,WE HAVE BROK5 M5 ON ! :EEL & BURI$ !M ALIVE2 WE HAVE HANG$ !M2 WE HAVE GA!R$ ! CRIM9AL CLASSES ALL R\ND ! GALL[S TO SEE ! EXECUTION1 & ! VICTIM HAS GONE BRAVELY TO ! SCAFFOLD & DI$ GAME2 HE HAS BECOME A H]O 9 !IR EYES & ! M5 ?AT HAVE WITNESS$ ! EXECUTION HAVE GONE BACK TO PLUNGE DEEP] 9TO CRIME ?AN EV]4  

 ,CAPITAL PUNI%M5T :I* IS ADVOCAT$ TO DET] M5 FROM CRIME1 DOES NOT DET] !M4  ,SEV]E P5ALTY = CRIME DOES NOT PREV5T ITS 9CREASE4  

 ,! PROTECTION ( SOCIETY S\<T DIRECTLY BY ! 7ALLEG$7 DET]R5T P[] ( FE>1 IS A BRA9LESS ,UTOPIA AS TO RESULTS4  ,ME?ODS ( M]E PUNI%M5T CANNOT FAIL TO BE MORE 9JURI\S ?AN B5EFICIAL4  ,& ASIDE FROM ! QUE/IONS AS TO SOCIETY'S RI<T TO PUNI% & ( ! POSSIBILITY ?AT DISORD]S H]ET(ORE CLASS$ AS MORAL OBLIQUITIES1 VISES & SIMPLE DEPRAVITY MAY PROVE TO BE DISEASE1 ,SOCIETY %\LD DEAL ) CRIME NOT ) CRIM9ALS ONLY4  ,IT IS BY LE>N+ ! NATURE ( CRIME & BY ASS]TA9+ ! DIV]SE CAUSES1 LEAD+ M5 TO CRIME1 ?AT SOCIETY MAY HOPE TO ELIM9ATE ?IS DI/URBANT FACTOR ( SOCIAL PROGRESS4 

,IF ?IS COMPILATION S]VES 9 ANY WAY TO AWAK5 ! 9TELLIG5T PUBLIC TO REALIZATION ( ! 9JU/ICE & CO/LY & UNT5ABLE IMPOT5CE ( EXI/+ ME?ODS ( DEAL+ ) CRIME1 IF IT EXCITES SUFFICI5T 9T]E/ TO 9DUCE A FUR!R & FULL] ,/UDY ( ?IS PROBLEM1 !N ITS OBJECT IS ACCOMPLI%$ & ! AU?OR WILL CONSID] HIS EF=T WELL REPAID4 

,X ,X ,X 

7,S\RCE3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY'S ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN >*IVE47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #d1 #bag 3 ,PRISONS & ,CRIME1 ,P>T #c -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,PRISONS & ,CRIME1 ,P>T #c -- ,UPDAT$4 

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