,PEOPLE ( ! ,DAWN 
,! ,/RUGGLE = ,AB5AKI ,SOV]EIGNTY ,CONT9UES 

#bc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DAVID ,VAN ,DEUS5 

,TEXT 3 

,SWANTON ,V]MONT1 #bc -,MORE ?AN #a1 YE>S BE=E ,EUROPEANS /EPP$ FOOT ON ! %ORES ( :AT IS N[ CALL$ ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS HUNT$ & FI%$ ! =E/S & RIV]S ( ,V]MONT4.<#a.> ,MANY >*AEOLOGI/S CONT5D ?AT !SE NATIVES W]E ! DI/ANT ANCE/ORS ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y ,V]MONT ,AB5AKI ,TRIBES4 ,BY ! TIME ,EUROPEAN SETTL]S BEGAN TO COLONIZE ,NEW ,5GL& 9 ! #a#fS1 ,AB5AKI COMMUNITIES1 ) AN E/IMAT$ COMB9$ POPULATION ( #a11 W]E FIRMLY ROOT$ 9 :AT IS N[ CONSID]$ ,V]MONT4 ,:ILE O!R B&S1 NUMB]+ UPW>DS ( #c11 EXI/$ 9 ,MA9E1 ,NEW ,HAMP%IRE1 & ,QUEBEC4 ,SU* COMMUNITIES W]E 9 CONT9UAL EXI/5CE )9 ! ,GRE5 ,M\NTA9S HUNDR$S1 IF NOT ?\S&S ( YE>S BE=E ! FIR/ ,5GLI%MAN FELL$ HIS FIR/ TREE 9 ?IS NOR!RN =E/4 

,TODAY1 ! ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI TRIBE .<ONE ( F\R ,AB5AKI ,TRIBES 9 ,V]MONT.> HAS AN E/IMAT$ POPULATION ( OV] #a#b4 ,! ,MISSIQUOI ,TRIBE EXI/S ON ! WE/ SIDE ( ! ,GRE5 ,M\NTA9S1 ALONG ,LAKE ,*AMPLA9 & ITS TRIBUT>IES ) ! HI<E/ C5TRATION BE+ 9 ! NOR?1 9 & >\ND ! T[NS ( ,SWANTON & ,HI<GATE4 ,C5TRAL TO ! ,SWANTON >EA IS ! ,MISSISQUOI ,RIV]1 :I* PROVIDES GOOD AGRICULTURAL L& ALONG ITS FLOODPLA94 .<,O!R ,TRIBES ) V>Y+ POPULATIONS EXI/ 9 ! ,NOR!A/ ,K+DOM1 ! ,NULHEGAN1 9 MID-,V]MONT ALONG ! ,CONNECTICUT ,RIV]1 ! ,KOASEK1 & 9 S\!RN ,V]MONT1 ! ,ELNU4.> ,= ! ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI1 ! ,T[N ( ,SWANTON IS NOT ONLY ! LOCATION ( A CONTEMPOR>Y 9DIG5\S COMMUNITY1 BUT REPRES5TS A CONT9UES ,AB5AKI PRES5CE 9 ! REGION DAT+ BACK AT LEA/ #b YE>S PRIOR TO ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,V]MONT 9 ! LATE #a#gS4 ,! ONLY EXCEPTION TO ?IS CONT9UITY IS F\ND DUR+ BRIEF P]IODS ( EVACUATION 9 ! FACE ( ,BRITI% & ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y AGGRESSION1 & DUR+ A ONE YE> P]IOD BETWE5 #a#g#c-#a#g#c#a :5 IT WAS TEMPOR>ILY AB&ON$ 9 ! FACE ( A MASSIVE SMALLPOX EPIDEMIC 7A DISEASE C>RI$ TO ,NOR? ,AM]ICA BY WAY ( ,EUROPEAN SETTL]S74 ,CURR5TLY /ATE (FICIALS DO NOT RECOGNIZE ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI .<OR ANY O!R ,AB5AKI ,TRIBE.> 9 ,V]MONT4 ,! ,V]MONT ,AB5AKI ,TRIBES HOLD NO RES]VATION L& & NO RECOGNIZ$ =M ( SELF-GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS D5IAL ( ,AB5AKI SOV]EIGNTY GOES SO F> ?AT :5 >*AEOLOGI/S F9D :AT >E CLE>LY REMA9S1 ! ,/ATE ( ,V]MONT =CES !M TO BE S5T TO RECOGNIZ$ ,AB5AKI B&S 9 ,QUEBEC4 ,IRONICALLY 5\<1 ! ,V]MONT ,*AMB] ( ,COMM]CE HAS NAM$ ! ANNUAL ,%ELBURNE ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN ,P[ ,W[1 A CULTURAL EV5T L>GELY ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI SU* AS ,B>RE RESID5T ,J5NY ,BR9KS1 ONE ( ! TOP T5 SUMM] EV5TS4 ,:ILE AT ! SAME TIME ! /ATE CONT9UES TO D5Y ! ANCE/ORS ( ! EV5T ORGANIZ]S EV5 ! SMALL DIGNITY ( A ,GRE5 ,M\NTA9 BURIAL4 

,A ,PEOPLES' ,HI/ORY 

,HI/ORICALLY1 ! ,AB5AKI HAVE F>$ WORSE ?AN O!R EA/]N TRIBES SU* AS ?OSE )9 ! ,IROQUOIS ,CONF$]ATION4 ,9 P>T ?IS DIFF]5CE CAN BE ATTRIBUT$ TO ! ,AB5AKI'S REOCCURR+ MILIT>Y ALLIANCE ) ! ,FR5* 9 ,QUEBEC1 9 OPPOSITION TO ! ,BRITI% 9 ! S\?4 ,:ILE ! ,FR5* W]E MORE 9T]E/$ 9 MA9TA9+ A LUCRATIVE FUR TRADE ) ! NATIVES1 ,BRITI% IMP]IAL POLICY C5T]$ ON ! GOAL ( =M+ P]MAN5T SETTLEM5TS & GA9+ ABSOLUTE AU?ORITY OV] ! L&S ?AT !Y CLAIM$4 ,! ,AB5AKI F\<T ALONGSIDE ! ,FR5* 9 #a#g#a-#a#g#a#c1 #a#g#d#d-#a#g#d#h1 & #a#g#e#e-#a#g#f#c4 ,?IS ANIMOSITY T[>DS ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE CAN BE ATTRIBUT$ TO ! ,AB5AKI'S CORRECT UND]/&+ ( ! E>LY PRES5CE ( ,BRITI% COLONIZ]S AS A DIRECT ?REAT TO ! 9TEGRITY ( !IR HI/ORIC T]RITORY4 ,FROM #agag ONW>DS1 ,BRITI% COLONIZ]S MIGRAT$ UP ! ,CONNECTICUT ,RIV] VALLEY 9 9CREAS+ NUMB]S1 =CIBLY DRIV+ 9DIG5\S PEOPLE FUR!R NOR?4 ,9 ADDITION1 :]E ,BRITI% 5T]$1 SETTL]S OCCUPI$ MU* ( ! QUALITY F>ML& ALONG RIV] FLOODPLA9S4 ,CONTR>Y TO POPUL> MY?1 MANY ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS W]E ACCOMPLI%$ F>M]S BY ! TIME ( ,EUROPEAN CONTACT4 ,9 FACT IT WAS NATIVE PEOPLE ?AT TAU<T ! ,5GLI% HOS TO CULTIVATE CORN1 PREP>E MAPLE SYRUP1 & PRODUCE MANY O!R AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS4 ,IT IS ?\<T ?AT ! ,AB5AKI HAD MORE ?AN #be ACRES UND] CULTIVATION ALONG ! ,*AMPAIGN ,VALLEY ALONE BY ! E>LY #a#fS2 NO EASY FEAT PRIOR TO ! 9V5TION ( MOD]N F>M EQUIPM5T 7SEE ,SULTZMAN1 ,AB5AKI ,HI/ORY1 WWW4TOLATSGA4ORG_/AB574 ,!RE=E1 ! ,EUROPEAN SEIZ] ( NATIVE F>ML& BEGAN TO TAKE A DEVA/AT+ TOLL ON ! ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI :O RELI$ ON ! CULTIVATION ( CORN1 BEANS1 & SQUA% 7! ?REE SI/]S7 AS A /APLE ( !IR DIET4 

,BETWE5 #afgg & ?R\< ! CONCLUSION ( 0,GREYLOCK'S ,W>0 9 #agbg 7A P]IOD ( FIFTY YE>S71 ! ,AB5AKI1 >M$ ) ,FR5* GUNS1 F\<T ! ,BRITI% CONT9UALLY 9 A /RUGGLE TO RETA9 !IR T]RITORY & POLITICAL AUTONOMY4 ,!IR ME?OD ( W>F>E WAS ONE ( HIT & RUN4 ,!Y EMPLOY$ GU]RILLA TACTICS1 MU* LIKE ! LAT] ,GRE5 ,M\NTA9 ,BOYS1 & COORD9AT$ ! EVACUATION ( VILLAGES UPON 5CROA*M5T ( ,BRITI% TROOPS4 ,9 !IR TIME !Y W]E LEG5D>Y = !IR ABILITY TO DISAPPE> 9TO ! =E/1 ONLY TO RE-GR\P & ATTACK ,BRITI% \TPO/S :5 LEA/ EXPECT$4 ,AT TIMES SU* TACTICAL RETREATS =C$ ! ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI TO TEMPOR>ILY SEEK REFUGE AMONG RELAT$ B&S 9 ,QUEBEC2 !SE ,AB5AKI RETREAT$ BUT NEV] SURR5D]$ OR C$$ ANY L& TO ! ,BRITI%1 ,V]MONT]S1 OR ,AM]ICANS4 ,H[EV]1 !SE )DRAWALS R>ELY LA/$ MORE ?AN TWO OR ?REE YE>S & 9EVITABLY 5D$ 9 ! REOCCUPATION ( !IR TRADITIONAL HOMEL&S ALONG ! WE/]N %ORES ( ,LAKE ,*AMPLA91 & ?R\<\T ! ,GRE5 ,M\NTA9S1 AS SOON AS HO/ILITIES COOL$ OR AT SU* A TIME :5 ,BRITI% =CES SEEM$ EXHAU/$4 

,?IS ME?OD ( /RUGGLE1 ONE ( RESI/ANCE & P]IODIC )DRAWAL1 HAS BE5 US$ BY CONTEMPOR>Y /ATE (FICIALS TO JU/IFY !IR POSITION ?AT ! ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI .<OR ANY O!R ,AB5AKI ,TRIBE.> HAVE NOT HAD A CONT9U\S EXI/5CE 9 ,V]MONT1 & ?US HAS S]V$ AS A MEANS ?R\< :I* TO D5Y ! GRANT+ ( RECOGNITION4 ,H]E ! >GUM5T RUNS ?AT S9CE ! ,AB5AKI P]IODICALLY RETREAT$ FROM !IR HI/ORICAL T]RITORY1 !IR /ATUS AS A CONT9U\S 9DIG5\S PEOPLE 9 ,V]MONT HAS BE5 =EV] COMPROMIS$4 

,BY ! TIME ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,W> ! ,AB5AKI /ILL EFFECTIVELY HELD L>GE PORTIONS ( ,MA9E1 ,NEW ,HAMP%IRE1 ,QUEBEC1 & NOR!RN ,V]MONT4 ,! ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI1 LOCAT$ 9 ! /RATEGIC NOR?WE/]N REGION SEP>AT+ ,BRITI% CONTROLL$ ,QUEBEC & REVOLUTION>Y ,V]MONT1 W]E DIVID$ AS TO :I* SIDE1 IF ANY1 TO SUPPORT4 ,TO QUOTE ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN HI/ORIAN ,LEE ,SULTZMAN1 0,! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION PRES5T$ ! ,AB5AKI ) TWO POOR *OICES BETWE5 ,AM]ICANS :O W]E TAK+ !IR L& & ! ,BRITI% :O W]E GIV+ IT AWAY40 ,H]E SOME ,AB5AKI ALLI$ !MSELVES ) ! REVOLUTION>IES AGA9/ !IR N[ COMMON 5EMY1 ! ,BRITS4 ,SOME HOP$ ?AT ) ! EXPULSION ( ,BRITI% =CES FROM ,NOR? ,AM]ICA ! ,AB5AKI W\LD BE 9 A BETT] POSITION TO RETA9 AUTONOMY4 ,/ILL1 O!R ,AB5AKI'S HOP$ ?AT ! DEFEAT ( ! ,BRITI% W\LD LEAD TO A RETURN ( ! ,FR5*1 ) :OM !Y PREVI\SLY %>$ A MORE OR LESS AMICABLE TRAD+ & POLITICAL RELATION%IP4 ,HI/ORY WAS TO PROVE TRAGIC4 ,! VICTORY ( ! REVOLUTION1 :ILE FREE+ COLONI/S FROM ! YOKE ( ,BRITI% IMP]IALISM1 LEFT ! ,AB5AKI MORE EXPOS$ ?AN EV]4 

,DUR+ ! REVOLUTION1 MANY ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI AGA9 RETREAT$ NOR? 9TO S\!RN ,QUEBEC4 ,AS ! W> DI$ D[N1 !Y BEGAN TO RETURN TO !IR TRADITIONAL L&S 9 NOR?WE/ ,V]MONT4 ,9 #agi !RE W]E AT LEA/ #g1 & MAYBE AS HI< AS #b1 ,AB5AKI LIV+ 9 #e CAB9S 9 ! >EAS >\ND PRES5T DAY ,SWANTON4 ,9 CONTRA/1 !RE W]E AS E/IMAT$ #gd ,V]MONT]S ( ,EUROPEAN DEC5T LIV+ 9 ! SAME REGION 7SEE ,HAVIL& & ,P[]S1 ,! ,ORIG9AL ,V]MONT]S1 ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS ( ,NEW ,5GL&1 #a#i#h#a74 ,H[EV]1 ! NUMB] ( NON-NATIVE IMMIGRANTS TO ! REGION 9CREAS$ ! NUMB] ( ,EUROPEAN 9HABITANTS TO #heh BY #a#h4 ,AS SU* DEMOGRAPHICS TR5DS CONT9U$1 PRESSURE WAS PUT ON ! ,AB5AKI TO AB&ON !IR L&S4 0,9 #a#g#h#i1 SOME ,AB5AKI REQUE/$ COMP5SATION = LOSS ( !IR L&S1 :I* !Y NEV] GOT2 A YE> LAT] A NUMB] ( FAMILIES LEFT TO SETTLE 9 ,ODANAK .<,QUEBEC.>40 7IBID7 ,EV5 SO1 RELATIVELY L>GE NUMB]S ( ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI REFUS$ TO LEAVE ! ,*AMPLA9 ,VALLEY4 ,PRO( ( ?IS IS BORN \T 9 ! RECORDS ( ,CA?OLIC *UR*ES ?AT /ILL LI/ NUM]\S NAMES ( ,AB5AKI FAMILIES LIV+ 9 ,V]MONT 9 !IR (FICIAL RECORDS ?R\<\T ! LATE #a#g#gS1 #a#hS1 & #a#iS4 

,ALL TOLD ! REMA9+ ,AB5AKI PETITION$ ! ,/ATE ( ,V]MONT = GRANT+ ( A RECOGNIZ$ HOMEL& 9 #a#g#i#h1 #a#h1 #a#i#a#b1 #a#h#b#f1 #a#h#e#c1 & #a#h#g#d4 ,ALL !SE REQUE/S W]E REJECT$4 

,MANY ( !SE REMA9+ ,AB5AKI SURVIV$ BY BL5D+ 9TO ! ,EURO_/,V]MONT /ATUS QUO4 ,!Y GAVE UP TRADITIONAL DRESS1 US$ MOD]N TOOLS1 LIV$ 9 CAB9S AS OPPOS$ TO WIGWAGS1 & 9 G5]AL MADE !MSELVES APPE> LIKE ! ,EUROPEANS >\ND !M4 ,:ILE !Y SEEM+LY 9TEGRAT$ !MSELVES 9TO ! L>G] ,V]MONT CULTURE1 !Y CONT9U$ TO /AY 9 CLOSE T\* ) EA* O!R1 & RETA9$ !IR CULTURAL H]ITAGE1 IF ONLY 9 A MORE SECRETIVE =M4 

,BY #ahe A NUMB] ( !SE FAMILIES BEGAN TO CONC5TRATE 9 ! ,BACK ,BAY >EA ( ,SWANTON4 ,H[EV]1 SOME EXT5D$ FAMILIES CONT9U$ TO LIVE 9 A MORE SEASONAL1 MIGRATORY FA%ION4 ,AS REC5T AS #aic A NUMB] ( ,AB5AKI FAMILIES1 P]HAPS ?REE B&S NUMB]+ #ae P]SONS1 LIV$ BY HUNT+1 FI%+1 GA!R+1 & TRADITIONAL CRAFTS PRODUCTION AT ,GR& ,ISLE1 ,/4 ,ALBANS1 & ! ,MISSISQUOI ,RIV] REGIONS 7IBID74 

,IT IS DIFFICULT TO E/IMATE ! NUMB] ( ,AB5AKI LIV+ 9 ,V]MONT BETWE5 #aib UP UNTIL ! #a#i#gS4 ,V]MONT ( ! #bS WAS ! /AG+ GR\ND = ! MOVEM5T TO 5ACT =C$ /]ILIZATION LAWS AIM$ AT 0IDIOTS1 IMBACILES1 FEEBLEM9D$1 OR 9SANE P]SONS LIKELY TO PROCREATE40 7SEE ,GALLA<]1 ,BRE$+ ,BETT] ,V]MONT]S1 ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS ( ,NEW ,5GL&1 #a#i#i#i7 ,?IS MOVEM5T1 O/5SIBLY GR\ND$ UPON ! S9CE DISCR$IT$ 0SCI5CE0 ( EUG5ICS WAS (T5 US$ AS A TOOL ( ! ,ANGLO-,PROTE/ANT RUL+ CLASS TO WEAK51 9C>C]ATE1 & /]ILIZE ELEM5TS FROM ! L[] & WORK+ CLASSES1 AS WELL AS 0NON:ITE0 M9ORITY GR\PS 7IBID74 ,9 ! #a#i#cS1 ,DR4 ,H5RY ,F4 ,P]K9S1 A ,UNIV]SITY ( ,V]MONT PR(ESSOR1 & *IEF >*ITECT ( ! ,V]MONT EUG5ICS PROJECT1 RECEIV$ A P]SONAL LETT] FROM !N DICTATOR ( ,FASCI/ ,G]MANY1 ,ADOLPH ,HITL]1 ?ANK+ HIM = 0%[+ H[ MU* CAN BE DONE1 9 SO LITTLE TIME40 

,=C$ /]ILIZATION BECAME SANCTION$ 9 ,V]MONT LAW 9 #a#i#c#a4 ,9 ITS WAKE1 L>GE NUMB]S ( ,AB5AKI FELL VICTIM TO ! RACI/ & CLASSI/ /&>DS ( NORMATIVE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR4 ,L>GE SECTIONS ( KN[N ,AB5AKI W]E /]ILIZ$1 P]HAPS ?\S&S4 ,?IS SITUATION DROVE ! ,AB5AKI FUR!R UND]GR\ND4 ,N[1 PUBLIC ACKN[L$GM5T ( NATIVE H]ITAGE RAN ! RISK ( /ATE REPRODUCTIVE REPRESSION4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! G5OCIDAL POLICIES ( ! ,EURO_/,AM]ICAN ELITE1 AS SET =? FROM ! TIME ( ,COLUMBUS ON CONT9U$1 IF ONLY UND] ! SANITIZ$ JU/IFICATION ( A N[ DEAD & DISCR$IT$ SCI5CE4 ,! AFFECTS >E /ILL BE+ FELT TODAY4 

,DUR+ A PHONE 9T]VIEW1 ,*IEF ,APRIL ,RU%L[1 CURR5T ELECT$ LEAD] ( ! ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI ,TRIBE1 QUE/ION$ :E!R OR NOT =C$ /]ILIZATION HAS EV] 5D$4 ,*IEF ,RU%L[ /AT$ ?AT %E HAS TWO AUNTS ?AT W]E =CIBLY /]ILIZ$1 &1 AT #c#d1 ?IS IS NOT EXACTLY ANCI5T HI/ORY4 ,*IEF ,RU%L[ FUR!R ASS]T$ ?AT 0SOME ELD]S /ILL WON'T SAY !Y >E ,AB5AKI BECAUSE ( ! EUG5ICS MOVEM5T4 ,TO ME ?AT IS V]Y SAD40 

,! #a#i#gS3 ,A ,DECADE ( ,R5EW$ ,PRIDE @& ,RESI/ANCE 

,BY ! #a#i#gS ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS ACROSS ,NOR? ,AM]ICA BEGAN TO BUILD A MOVEM5T T[>DS ! REEM]G5CE ( TRADITIONAL NATIVE CULTURE1 AS WELL AS GA9+ BACK !IR POLITICAL SELF-DET]M9ATION1 :I* HAD BE5 DEVA/AT$ ?R\< C5TURIES ( ,EURO-,AM]ICAN IMP]IALISM4 ,9 #aigc >M$ CONT+5TS ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,MOVEM5T 7,A,I,M7 OCCUPI$ ,W\ND$ ,KNEE1 ,S\? ,DAKOTA2 SITE ( ! HORRIFIC MASSACRE ( HUNDR$S IF UN>M$ ,SI\X ,9DIANS 7SOME M51 BUT MO/LY WOM5 & *ILDR57 AT ! H&S ( ! ,U4,S4 ,CALV>Y 9 #a#h#i4 ,!RE1 9 PROTE/ ( ! CONT9U+ IMPOV]I%M5T & POLITICAL DOM9ATION ( NATIVE PEOPLE1 !Y HELD ! ,U4,S4 MILIT>Y AT BAY = MORE ?AN #g DAYS ) LITTLE MORE ?AN 4#b#bS & OLD %OTGUNS4 ,DAILY /RUGGLES = NATIVE RI<TS REMA9$ 9T5SE ACROSS ! CONT95T ?R\<\T ! #gS4 ,?IS DECADE ALSO BR\<T =? A RESURG5CE ( 0,9DIAN ,PRIDE0 & SELF-ASS]TIV5ESS 9 REG>DS TO NATIVE ISSUES & CONC]NS4 

,9 WAS DUR+ ?IS TIME ?AT ! ,V]MONT ,AB5AKI BEGAN TO BUILD !IR [N MOVEM5T = SELF-DET]M9ATION & CULTURAL R5EWAL4 ,!IR SITUATION DIFF]$ FROM MANY O!R NATIVE /RUGGLES 9 ?AT !Y W]E1 & REMA91 UNRECOGNIZ$ BY ! /ATE & F$]AL GOV]NM5T4 ,9 %ORT1 ! ,AB5AKI DID NOT & DO NOT1 HAVE ANY L& 9 ! =M ( A RES]VATION4 ,9 K9D1 !SE ,AB5AKI DO NOT EV5 HAVE ! SLI<T DEGREE ( RECOGNIZ$ SELF-RULE ?AT MANY O!R NATIVE PEOPLE RETA94 ,!RE=E1 ONE ( ! PRIM>Y GOALS ( ?IS 9T]NAL RESURG5CE WAS TO GA9 RECOGNITION1 & 9 TURN1 TO SECURE L& :I* !Y C\LD BE MORE FREE TO ADM9I/] ACCORD+ TO !IR [N 9ITIATIVE4 

,9 #aigb ! ,MISSISQUOI =M$ A ,TRIBAL ,C\NCIL4 ,?IS ,C\NCIL WAS1 & CONT9UES TO BE1 DEMOCRATICALLY ELECT$ BY TRIBAL MEMB]S1 & IS COMPOS$ ( SEV5 MEMB]S1 & A ,*IEF ?AT IS EMP[]$ TO CA/ A VOTE ON ANY ,C\NCIL DECISIONS ?AT MAY 9ITIALLY RESULT 9 A TIE4 ,HOM] ,/4 ,FRANCIS WAS ELECT$ ,*IEF1 & RETA9$ ?AT POSITION UNTIL #a#i#i#f4 ,9 #a#i#g#e1 ! ,ODANAK & ,BECANC\R ,B& ,C\NCILS (FICIALLY RECOGNIZ$ ?IS ,TRIBAL ,C\NCIL4 ,! FOLL[+ YE>1 ! ,C\NCIL PRES5T$ ! ,/ATE ( ,V]MONT ) A PETITION CONTA9+ #ad SIGNATURES 7MANY FROM NON-,AB5AKI ,V]MONT]S71 DEM&+ ?AT ! ,AB5AKI BE GRANT$ ! RI<T TO HUNT & FI% )\T BE+ SUBJECT TO /ATE REGULATIONS4 

,! MOTIVATION = ?IS CAMPAIGN /EMM$ FROM RELATIVELY NEW /ATE FI% & WILDLIFE REGULATIONS ?AT CAME 9TO BE+ 9 ! #a#i#fS4 ,!SE REGULATIONS SEV]ELY HAMP]$ ! ,AB5AKI'S ABILITY TO SUBSI/ & MAKE A LIV+1 AS MANY SU* NATIVE PEOPLE W]E COMPELL$ TO 5GAGE 9 SU* ACTIVITY = BASIC SURVIVAL4 ,H]E WE MU/ RECALL ?AT FROM ! E>LY #a#gS ONW>D1 ,EUROPEAN SETTL]S HAD ILLEGALLY APPROPRIAT$ ,AB5AKI F>ML&1 & HUNT+ & FI%+ !RE=E TOOK ON A MU* MORE PROM95T ROLE AS A MEANS ( SURVIVAL4 

,*IEF ,HOM] ,/4 ,FRANCIS FUR!R CL>IFI$ ! ,AB5AKI POSITION AT A #aigg ,UNIV]SITY ( ,V]MONT =UM ON NATIVE ISSUES4 ,!RE1 HE /AT$ ?AT ! ,AB5AKI DID NOT 9T5D TO TAKE UNLIMIT$ GAME & FI%1 BUT RA!R TO BE EMP[]$ TO REGULATE !SE PRACTICES = !MSELVES 9 SU* A WAY ?AT SU/A9$ ! WILDLIFE POPULATION1 :ILE SIMULTANE\SLY BE/ S]V+ NATIVE NE$S4 

,ON ,?ANKSGIV+ ,DAY1 #a#i#g#f1 !N ,V]MONT ,GOV]NOR ,?OMAS ,SALMON-,DEMOCRAT GRANT$ (FICIAL RECOGNITION TO ! ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI 9 ,EXECUTIVE ,ORD] _?#c#f4 ,?IS ORD] ALSO E/ABLI%$ A COMMISSION ON ,9DIAN AFFAIRS ?AT WAS *>G$ ) LOOK+ 9TO ,AB5AKI REQUE/S SU* AS ?OSE RELAT+ TO ! REGULATION ( FI% & GAME4 ,?IS RECOGNITION WAS RESC9D$ ! FOLL[+ YE> BY ,GOV]NOR ,RI*>D ,SNELL+-,REPUBLICAN 9 ,EXECUTIVE ,ORD] _?#c4 

,! ,AB5AKI RESPOND$ TO ,EXECUTIVE ,ORD] _?#c BY HOLD+ A 0FI%-90 ON ,APRIL #b#b1 #a#i#g#h1 :]E9 L>GE NUMB] ( NATIVES FI%$ ! ,MISSISQUOI ,RIV] 9 FLAGRANT VIOLATION ( /ATE REGULATIONS4 ,!IR GOAL WAS TO MAKE PUBLIC !IR DEM& TO BE ALL[$ TO FI% = BASIC SUBSI/5CE1 & NOT BE SUBJECT TO /ATE LIMITS1 OR LIC5S+ FEES4 ,?IRTY-F\R P]SONS W]E CIT$ BY /ATE (FICIALS = FI%+ )\T A LIC5SE4 

,>\ND ?IS TIME ! ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI ,TRIBAL ,C\NCIL ALSO BEGAN TO ISSUE C> & TRUCK LIC5SE PLATES & CLAIM$ ?IS TO BE A RI<T ( ! ,AB5AKI ,NATION4 ,/ATE (FICIALS DISAGRE$ & NUM]\S CITATIONS W]E GIV5 \T BY LAW 5=CEM5T4 ,9 MANY CASES VEHICLES W]E IMP\ND$4 ,H]E ! ,AB5AKI SET UP A DEF5SE FUND & (T5 ALLOCAT$ MONEY TO NATIVE 9DIVIDUALS TO PAY ! ACCRU$ CO/S4 

,V]MONT ,AB5AKI 9 ,! #a#i#hS @& #a#i#iS 

,?R\<\T ! #hS & #iS ! FI<T = RECOGNITION CONT9U$4 ,TIME & AGA9 ! ,MISSISQUOI ,TRIBAL ,C\NCIL & ,AB5AKI PEOPLE *ALL5G$ ! NE> MONOPOLY ( POLITICAL P[] 5JOY$ & PROTECT$ BY ! POLITICIANS 9 ,MONTPELI]4 ,ACTIONS T>GET+ HUNT+ & FI%+ REGULATIONS1 AS WELL AS O!R ASPECTS ( ,AB5AKI SOV]EIGNTY MULTIPLI$4 

,9 #aihi ,V]MONT ,DI/RICT ,C\RT ,JUDGE ,JOSEPH ,WOL*IP UPHELD ,AB5AKI ABORIG9AL TITLE & RI<TS TO P>TS ( ANCE/RAL L&1 N[ REF]R$ TO AS NOR!RN ,V]MONT1 & RECOGNIZ$ ?AT !Y HAVE ! SAME RI<TS TO HUNT1 FI%1 & TRAVEL AS !IR ANCE/ORS DID4 ,LIKE ) ,GOV]NOR ,SALMON'S ,EXECUTIVE ,ORD] _?#c#f1 ?IS WAS SOON OV]TURN$ BY ! ,V]MONT ,SUPREME ,C\RT ON ,JUNE #a#b?1 #a#i#i#b4 ,) ?AT RUL+1 ! ,V]MONT ,/ATE ,PROSECUTORS ,(FICE & LOCAL LAW 5=CEM5T BEGAN TO /EP UP !IR LEGAL MANEUV]S & H>ASSM5T AGA9/ ,AB5AKI CAU<T BREAK+ DISPUT$ REGULATIONS4 

,! ,BATTLE ,= ,SOV]EIGNTY ,TODAY .<#b#c.> 

,CURR5TLY ! ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI1 !IR ,TRIBAL ,C\NCIL1 & ,*IEF ,APRIL ,RU%L[ >E 5GAG$ 9 PROGRAMS :I* SEEK TO TEA* !IR HI/ORY & LANGUAGE TO TRIBAL MEMB]S & O!R 9T]E/$ P>TIES4 ,POLITICALLY !Y HAVE FIL$ DOCUM5TS ) ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T REQUE/+ RECOGNITION4 ,! DECISION IS /ILL P5D+1 AL?\< !Y HAVE BE5 FIR/ 9 L9E ON A WAIT+ LI/ = REVIEW = MORE ?AN SEV5 YE>S4 ,9 ! MEANTIME1 !Y DO RECEIVE A LIMIT$ AM\NT ( MONEY FROM ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T :I* GOES T[>D ! $UCATIONAL NE$S ( ,AB5AKI *ILDR51 & !Y RECEIVE A LIMIT$ AB\T ( FUNDS FROM ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,LABOR4 ,BUT )\T FULL /ATE OR F$]AL RECOGNITION1 ,AB5AKI Y\?1 MO/ COM+ FROM L[] 9COME H\SEHOLDS1 DO NOT QUALIFY = ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN COLLEGE S*OL>%IP PROGRAMS4 

,H]E 9 ,V]MONT1 ! ,CITY ( ,BURL+TON 7:I* HAS LONG ELECT$ ,PROGRESSIVES TO ! ,MAYOR%IP & MANY ,CITY ,C\NCIL SEATS71 & ?REE O!R T[NS HAVE VOT$ TO RECOGNIZE ! ,AB5AKI ,NATION4 ,ALSO1 ONE YE> AGO 7#b#b7 ALL ?IRTY ,V]MONT ,/ATE ,S5ATORS1 & ONE HUNDR$ & T5 MEMB]S ( ! ,V]MONT ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES PUBLICALLY 5DORS$ RECOGNITION4 ,H[EV]1 RESULT+ LEGISLATION WAS /ALL$ 9 COMMITTEE4 ,! ,EXECUTIVE ,BRAN* ( /ATE GOV]NM5T IS /ILL ADAMANTLY OPPOS$ TO ! GRANT+ ,AB5AKI SOV]EIGNTY RI<TS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,BILL ,GIFF9 ( ! ,ATTORNEY ,G5]AL'S ,(FICE1 ! ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI FAIL TO MEET ! BASIC F$]AL CRIT]IA = RECOGNITION4 ,9 A PHONE 9T]VIEW ,GIFF9 ASS]T$ ?AT #a47 AN?ROPOLOGI/S1 HI/ORIANS1 & >*AEOLOGI/S FAIL TO SUPPORT ,AB5AKI HI/ORICAL & T]RITORIAL CLAIMS1 #b47 ! ,AB5AKI1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( ! #a#i#gS TILL TODAY1 HAVE NOT EXI/$ AS A DI/9CT COMMUNITY = #b YE>S1 #c47 PRIOR TO #aig !Y FAIL$ TO RETA9 POLITICAL 9FLU5CE & AU?ORITY AMONG !IR [N PEOPLE1 & #d47 ! ,V]MONT ,AB5AKI CANNOT TRACE !IR L9EAGE TO ! HI/ORICAL ,AB5AKI4 ,GIFF9 >GU$ ?AT ?OSE CALL+ !MSELVES ,AB5AKI >E1 = ! MO/ P>T1 DESC5DANTS ( ,FR5* ,CANADIANS4 ,*IEF ,RU%L[1 = H] P>T1 C\NT]$ ?AT ?OSE ASS]TIONS >E 0BOLOGNA40 

,!SE CLAIMS S]VE AS ! BASIS ?R\< :I* ! /ATE CONT9UES TO KEEP ! ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI .<& O!R ,AB5AKI ,TRIBES.> UND] ,V]MONT JURISDICTION4 ,H[EV]1 DO !Y /& UP TO ! FACTS8 ,TWO ,V]MONT >*AEOLOGI/S .<:O WORK = ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,V]MONT ,CONSULT+ ,>*AEOLOGY ,PROGRAM.> :O W]E 9T]VIEW$ = ?IS >TICLE DISAGREE4 ,BO? CONT5D ?AT !IR F9D+S AT SITES ?R\<\T ,V]MONT CLE>LY 9DICATE A HI/ORICAL PRES5CE ( ! ,AB5AKI4 ,>*AEOLOGI/ ,KATE ,PATT]SON /AT$1 0,EV]Y F>M] 9 ,V]MONT1 ANYONE :O HAS EV] US$ A PL[ NE> A GOOD WAT] S\RCE HAS F\ND EVID5CE ( ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS 9 ?IS /ATE40 

,! O!R ,>*AEOLOGI/1 :O WI%ES TO REMA9 UNNAM$1 BELIEVES ?AT !RE IS A /RONG CASE = ,AB5AKI RECOGNITION1 & /ATES ?AT HE IS A FIRM SUPPORT] ( ,AB5AKI SOV]EIGNTY4 ,9 ADDITION1 MANY HI/ORIANS HAVE MADE COMPELL+ CASES1 9T5TIONALLY OR NOT1 = RECOGNITION4 

,WILLIAM ,HAVIL& & ,M>JORY ,P[]'S GR\NDBREAK+ #aiha BOOK ,! ,ORIG9AL ,V]MONT]S CLE>LY DEMON/RATES ! CONT9U+ & DI/9CT PRES5CE ( ,AB5AKI 9 ,V]MONT FROM TIMES PRIOR TO ,EUROPEAN CONTACT ?R\< ! PRES5T4 ,!SE F9D+S >E SUPPORT$ BY ! WORKS ( O!R HI/ORIANS & AN?ROPOLOGI/S2 ,BEA ,NELSON ( ! ,NOR!A/ K+DOM ,HI/ORICAL ,SOCIETY1 & ,LEE ,SULTZMAN1 TO NAME BUT TWO4 ,& AGA91 W\LD NOT ! FACT ?AT ! ,AB5AKI1 LIV+ 9 ,V]MONT1 PETITION$ ! GOV]NM5T = RECOGNITION 9 #a#g#i#h1 #a#h1 #a#h#a#b1 #a#h#b#f1 #a#h#e#c1 #a#h#g#d1 & #aigf PROVE !IR CONT9U+ PRES5CE8 ,IF !Y DID NOT EXI/ 9 ,V]MONT AT !SE TIMES1 >E WE TO BELIEVE ?AT SOME LONG DEAD APP>ITION FIL$ !SE PETITIONS ON !IR BEHALF8 ,SU* F9D+S & PUBLIC RECORDS /& 9 CONTRADICTION TO PO9TS ONE & TWO ( ! CLAIMS MADE BY ! ,ATTORNEY ,G5]AL'S ,(FICE4 ,PO9TS ?REE & F\R ALSO MU/ BE UND]/OOD 9 A CORRECT HI/ORICAL P]SPECTIVE4 

,TRADITIONALLY ! ,AB5AKI1 UNLIKE TRIBES SU* AS ! ,MOHAWK1 ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES 9 A V]Y DEC5TRALIZ$ & DEMOCRATIC MANN]4 ,EXT5D$ FAMILY UNITS W\LD SELECT A REPRES5TATIVE TO S]VE ON A K9D ( ,TRIBAL ,C\NCIL1 & TRIBAL DECISIONS W]E MADE ?R\< A DEMOCRATIC PROCESS4 ,:5 L>G] TRIBAL DECISIONS W]E NOT REQUIR$1 9DIVIDUAL EXT5D$ FAMILIES ACT$ AUTONOM\SLY FROM EA* O!R4 ,AFT] ! ,AB5AKI W]E ESS5TIALLY DRIV5 UND]GR\ND FOLL[+ ! EXPULSION ( ! ,BRITI%1 EXT5D$ FAMILY UNITS RETA9$ A CLOSE CONNECTION ) EA* O!R4 ,MUTUAL AID WAS GIV5 :5 NECESS>Y1 & TRADITIONAL PRACTICES W]E CONT9U$ AWAY FROM ! RACI/ EYES ( AU?ORITY4 

,9 ESS5CE !SE CONT9U+ FAMILY TIES REPRES5T A L9K BETWE5 9T]NAL POLITICAL /RUCTURE PRIOR TO ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION & ! PUBLIC REEM]G5CE ( ! ,MISSISQUOI ,TRIBAL ,C\NCIL 9 #a#i#g#b4 ,AL?\< !Y DID NOT POSITION !MSELVES AS A PUBLIC POLITICAL =CE1 IT W\LD BE ABSURD TO HOLD !M TO SU* A CRIT]IA :5 A PUBLIC PRES5CE C\LD HAVE RESULT$ 9 L& SEIZURES 7LATE #a#gS ?R\< #a#hS71 OR /]ILIZATION 7AFT] #a#i#c#a74 ,NO ONE W\LD CLAIM ?AT ,JEWS DID NOT EXI/ 9 ,G]MANY DUR+ ! ,?IRD ,RI*E1 EV5 IF !Y W]E =C$ TO TAKE SECRET REFUGE 9 CLOSETS1 BASEM5TS1 & ATTICS1 & IT W\LD BE JU/ AS ABSURD TO >GUE ! ,AB5AKI DID NOT EXI/ 9 ,V]MONT DUR+ ! #b YE>S ( BLATANT RACIAL OPPRESSION4 

,AS = AT ! ,ATTORNEY ,G5]AL'S ,(FICE CLAIM ?AT MANY CURR5T ,V]MONT ,AB5AKI >E DESC5DANTS ( ,FR5* ,CANADIANS1 ?IS CLAIM HAS MORE ?AN A T\* ( TRU? TO IT4 ,MANY ,AB5AKI DO HAVE SOME ,FR5* BLOOD 9 !IR VE9S4 ,E>LY ,FR5* SETTL]S1 UNLIKE ! ,5GLI%1 M>RI$ 9TO ,AB5AKI B&S4 ,9 ! ,FR5* CULTURE ( ,QUEBEC AS 9 ! ,AB5AKI CULTURE ( ,V]MONT1 !RE WAS NOT ! RACI/ /IGMA ATTRIBUT$ TO SU* LOVE RELATION%IPS4 ,ANY ( !SE ,FR5* CITIZ5S EV5TUALLY BECOME ABSORB$ 9TO ,AB5AKI CULTURE & COMMUNITIES4 ,IT W\LD APPE> TO BE A CONT9U+ POSIT ( PREJUDICE )9 ! RUL+ CLASS ( CURR5T SOCIETY ?AT /ILL DEM& SOME SORT ( 0RACIAL PURITY0 FROM 9DIG5\S M9ORITY GR\PS 9 ORD] = !M TO (FICIALLY RECOGNIZE !IR EXI/5CE4 ,ODDLY 5\<1 ,NATIVE ,AM]ICANS >E ! ONLY PEOPLE ON E>? ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T DEF9$ BY BLOODL9ES RA!R ?AN CULTURE & SELF-ID5TIFICATION4 ,REG>DLESS1 PUBLIC RECORDS 9 *UR*ES & NUM]\S T[NS DEMON/RATE ! ,AB5AKI L9EAGE ( HUNDR$S ( NATIVES /ILL LIV+ 9 ,V]MONT TODAY .<SEE ,HAVIL& & ,P[]S1 ,! ,ORIG9AL ,V]MONT]S1 PAGE #b#d#i-#b#e.>4 ,BESIDES ?IS1 ! FACT ?AT HUNDR$S ( M51 WOMAN1 & *ILDR5 PRES5TLY RESID+ 9 ,V]MONT HAVE PUBLICALLY COME =? & ID5TIFI$ !MSELVES AS ,AB5AKI1 DESPITE ! HI/ORY ( DISCRIM9ATION & H>ASSM5T1 %\LD S]VE AS A REALITY *ECK = GOV]NM5T (FICIALS /ILL B5T ON CONT9U+ A POLICY ( D5IAL4 

,9 ADDITION TO ! ABOVE >GUM5TS AGA9/ RECOGNITION1 =M] ,GOV]NOR ,H[>D ,DEAN & A NUMB] ( O!R ,V]MONT LAWMAK]S OPPOSE ,AB5AKI SOV]EIGNTY BAS$ ON ! FE> ?AT ! GRANT+ ( A RES]VATION W\LD BR+ ) IT ! OP5+ ( CAS9OS4 ,H[EV]1 MANY ,AB5AKI TRADITIONALI/S HAVE MADE IT V]Y CLE> ?AT !Y DO NOT HAVE ANY 9T]E/ 9 PROMOT+ ORGANIZ$ GAMBL+4 ,*IEF ,RU%L[1 :ILE /AT+ ?AT ANY F9AL DECISION W\LD HAVE TO BE MADE DEMOCRATICALLY BY ALL ! PEOPLE ( ! ,TRIBES1 PO9TS \T ?AT ! ,MISSISQUOI ,AB5AKI >E CURR5TLY P]MITT$ TO ORGANIZE B+O NI<TS AT !IR ,TRIBAL ,HEADQU>T]S 9 ,SWANTON1 YET HAVE NO 9T]E/ 9 DO+ SO4 ,= ,AB5AKI1 ! ISSUE AT /AKE IS ! DIGNITY & HI/ORICAL JU/ICE ?AT GOES ALONG ) SOV]EIGNTY1 NOT ! MONEY ?AT C\LD BE G5]AT$ ?R\< BLACKJACK1 R\LETTE1 & P[]BALL4 

,9 LI<T ( ! FAILURE ( ! /ATE & F$]AL GOV]NM5TS1 P]HAPS IT IS TIME = SYMPA!TIC ,V]MONT]S TO AGA9 BR+ ! ISSUE ( ,AB5AKI SOV]EIGNTY TO !IR RESPECTIVE ,T[N ,MEET+S4 ,P]HAPS RECOGNITION %\LD BE GRANT$ T[N BY T[N1 ) EA* RESOLUTION CALL+ ON LOCAL LAW 5=CEM5T TO RESPECT ,AB5AKI HUNT+1 FI%+1 & TRAVEL RI<TS4 ,TRIBAL LEAD]S >E CURR5TLY DISCUSS+ SU* AN APPROA*4 ,P]HAPS MORE PUBLIC DEMON/RATIONS & DIRECT ACTIONS >E CALL$ =4 

,:AT IS C]TA9 IS ?AT ! ,V]MONT ,AB5AKI POPULATION HAS BE5 DECIMAT$ OV] ! C\RSE ( HUNDR$S ( YE>S L>GELY DUE TO ,EUROPEAN & ,AM]ICAN W>S ( AGGRESSION1 /]ILIZATION1 & =EIGN DISEASE4 ,! ,V]MONT ,AB5AKI POPULATION .<APPROXIMATE TOTAL ( #b#e.> IS #g#e.0 BEL[ E/IMAT$ LEVELS PRIOR TO ,EUROPEAN CONTACT4 ,!SE ,AB5AKI MAKE UP LESS ?AN ONE HALF ( A P]C5T ( ! TOTAL ,V]MONT POPULATION4 ,! VA/ MAJORITY IS POOR & WORK+ CLASS4 ,A NUMB] >E PRES5TLY S]V+ TIME )9 ,V]MONT PRISONS1 SOME1 ACCORD+ TO ,*IEF ,RU%L[1 = POLITICAL REASONS4 

,AFT] HUNDR$S ( YE>S ( OPPRESSION & DIS5FRAN*ISEM5T1 /ATE RECOGNITION W\LD SEEM ! RI<T ?+ TO DO4 ,IF EV5 A RELATIVELY SMALL AM\NT ( ,V]MONT L& WAS PUR*AS$ & !N H&$ OV] TO ! ,AB5AKI TO BE SELF-ADM9I/]$1 ! /ATE W\LD BEG9 TO SET RI<T ! UNSPEAKABLE WRONGS ( ! PA/4 

,AT A TIME :5 ALL ,V]MONT]S >E /RUGGL+ TO RETA9 !IR AUTONOMY 9 ! FACE ( CORPORATE CONSOLIDATION & ! EXPANSION ( ! P[]S ( ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T1 ! CRY ( ! ,AB5AKI MU/ NOT FALL ON DEAF E>S4 ,IF WE ! PEOPLE ( ,V]MONT >E TO NOT ONLY /& UP TO ! 5CROA*+ ?REATS TO \R FRE$OMS1 BUT TO W9 A MORE DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY1 WE MU/ ALL FACE UP TO ! WRONGS COMMITT$ BY ! RUL+ CLASS ( PA/ G5]ATIONS4 ,WE MU/ CLE>LY SEE ?AT ?OSE ORIG9AL ,V]MONT]S1 ! ,AB5AKI1 HAVE SUFF]$ AT GOV]NM5T H&S4 ,WE MU/ MAKE AM5DS 9 ORD] ?AT WE CAN /& TOGE!R 9 GOOD FAI? & ) A CLE> CONSCI\S AS AUTONOM\S EQUALS & DEF5D ! DEMOCRATIC TRADITIONS ( ALL PEOPLE AGA9/ ! GR[+ =CES ( GRE$1 BUREAUCRACY1 & MILIT>ISM4 

,:ILE ! ,AB5AKI /RUGGLE = RECOGNITION & SELF-DET]M9ATION IS LIKELY TO CONT9UE = YE>S TO COME1 ,I = ONE TAKE HE>T 9 ! POSSIBILITY ?AT ON A SUMM] MORN+1 :ILE DRIV+ UP ,R\TE #g1 !RE IS /ILL A GOOD *ANCE Y\ WILL PASS A C> PR\DLY BE>+ ! ,AB5AKI NATION LIC5SE PLATE4 ,! ,AB5AKI /ILL LIVE AMONG US1 LIKE IT OR NOT1 & ) OR )\T RECOGNITION !Y WILL CONT9UE TO EXI/ AS A PR\D & 9DEP5D5T PEOPLE 9 ! L& :I* !Y HAVE LIV$ 9 FROM TIMES UNMEMORABLE4 

,= MORE 9=MATION ON ,AB5AKI /RUGGLES1 PA/ & PRES5T1 CONTACT ! ,AB5AKI ,NATION ( ,MISSISQUOI AT3 #a ,GR& ,AV5UE1 ,SWANTON1 ,V,T #e#d#h#h4 

_?_?_? 

#bf ,APP5DIX - ,NEW ,DAWN = ,AB5AKI3 ,ORIG9AL ,V]MONT]S ,RECOGNIZ$.<#b.> 

,MONTPELI] ,V]MONT1 #b#f- ,ON ,APRIL FIF?1 ! ,V]MONT ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES VOT$ TO (FICIALLY RECOGNIZE ! CONT9U+ EXI/5CE ( ! ,V]MONT ,AB5AKI4 ,:ILE ! BILL1 :I* PASS$ UNANIM\SLY ON A VOICE VOTE1 /ILL HAS TO BE RECONCIL$ ) ! PREVI\SLY PASS$ ,S5ATE V]SION1 LAWMAK]S SAY ?AT RECOGNITION IS A DONE DEAL1 & WILL BECOME LAW BY ! 5D ( ?IS SESSION4 ,AB5AKI LEAD]S1 SU* AS ,*IEF ,APRIL ,RU%L[ & ! ,SWANTON BAS$ ,TRIBAL ,C\NCIL .<( ! ,MISSIQUOI_/,SOKOKI B&.>1 >E EXPRESS+ RELIEF & JOY OV] ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY'S DECISION4 ,/ATE RECOGNITION WILL MEAN ?AT ! TRIBE WILL BE ALL[$ TO SELL TRADITIONAL CRAFTS AS 0,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN ,MADE40 ,9 ADDITION1 ,AB5AKI .<MAY.> N[ QUALIFY = C]TA9 ,F$]AL GRANTS AIM$ TO HELP ,9DIAN Y\? ATTA9 .<QUALITY.> $UCATION4 ,H[EV] MEMB]S ( ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY >E QUICK TO PO9T \T ?AT RECOGNITION WILL NOT OP5 ANY LEGAL DOORS TO L& CLAIMS1 NOR DOES IT ALL[ ! TRIBE7S7 TO ADM9I/] !IR [N HUNT+ & FI%+ REGULATIONS4 ,! ,V]MONT ,H\SE WAS 0C\RAGE\SLY0 MOV$ TO RECOGNIZE ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,AB5AKI AFT] ! ,F$]AL GOV]NM5T D5I$ NATIONAL RECOGNITION 9 ,NOVEMB]4 ,! ,F$S D5IAL EFFECTIVELY %UTS ! LEGAL DOOR ON L& CLAIMS & POLITICAL SELF-RULE4 ,!RE=E1 AL?\< ,V]MONT POLITICIANS1 BO? ,REPUBLICAN & ,DEMOCRAT1 HAVE LONG S\<T TO /IFLE RECOGNITION 9 ! HOPES ( KEEP+ A LID ON ,AB5AKI AUTONOMY1 !Y NO LONG] HAD ANY?+ TO FE>4 ,EV5 SO1 ! ,AB5AKI & !IR SUPPORT]S >E SEE+ /ATE RECOGNITION AS A /EP 9 ! RI<T DIRECTION4 ,TRIBAL MEMB] ,DEBBIE ,BEZIO TOLD ! ,A,P1 0,I'M ELAT$444 .<,! ,AB5AKI.> WILL BE ABLE TO HAVE A S5SE ( PRIDE BACK444 ,WE'LL HAVE \R *ANCE TO HAVE \R RI<TS40 

,H[EV]1 AS ?+S /&1 ?OSE LEGAL RI<TS REMA9 LIMIT$4 ,9 FACT1 ,H\SE LEAD]S PO9T \T ?AT RECOGNITION WILL GRANT !M NO SPECIAL RI<TS4 ,!RE=E1 IT IS LIKELY ?AT ! ,AB5AKI /RUGGLE = MEAN+FUL SOV]EIGNTY HAS BY NO MEANS REA*$ AN 5D2 P]HAPS JU/ A NEW BEG9N+4 

,:]E WILL ! /RUGGLE GO FROM H]E8 ,9 ?IS MOM5T ( SYMBOLIC TRIUMPH1 FEW >E COMM5T+ ON ! NEXT PA?4 ,/ILL1 IT IS CLE> ?AT ! .<,V]MONT.> ,AB5AKI1 A PEOPLE ?AT HAS FAC$ D[N C5TURIES ( ATTEMPT$ G5OCIDE1 DES]VE !IR [N L&1 OR AT LEA/ !IR [N SOV]EIGNTY4 ,T[>D ?IS 5D1 IT W\LD ONLY SEEM JU/1 IF ! /ATE1 AT ! M9IMUM1 BEGAN A VOLUNTE] PROGRAM ( L& REPATRIATION1 PAID = BY TAX DOLL>S1 9 ! >EA ( ,SWANTON .<& 9 O!R >EAS :]E ! ,AB5AKI POPULATION IS CONC5TRAT$.>4 ,ONCE SUFFICI5T L& IS PROCUR$1 ,AB5AKI %\LD BE FREE TO ADM9I/] ?AT >EA AUTONOM\SLY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IF ! ,AB5AKI !MSELVES DECIDE ?AT !Y W\LD PREF] TO REMA9 )9 ! POLITICAL /RUCTURE ( ,V]MONT1 & RECOGNIZ+ ! DISBURSEM5T ( ,AB5AKI POPULATION ACROSS ! /ATE1 ,AB5AKI %\LD BE GIV5 A SPECIAL *>T] FROM ! /ATE ?AT RECOGNIZES !M ESS5TIALLY AS AN AT-L>GE T[N4 ,SU* A *>T]1 ! P>AMET]S ( :I* NEGOTIAT$ BETWE5 ! /ATE & TRIBAL LEAD]S1 W\LD BE ! BASIS = ! ,AB5AKI TO MEET ON !IR [N ON ,T[N ,MEET+ DAY TO DISCUSS & VOTE ON ISSUES RELEVANT TO ! NATIVE POPULATION1 AS WELL AS GIVE A RECOGNIZ$ VOICE 9 ! DEMOCRATIC PROCESS :I* MO/ ,V]MONT]S TAKE = GRANT$4 ,ANY?+ LESS1 LACKS ! REAL EMP[]M5T ?AT ! ,AB5AKI BO? DES]VE & HAVE AN 9ALI5ABLE RI<T TO4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! ,AB5AKI LIV$ H]E = HUNDR$S ( YE>S BE=E ! FIR/ ,EUROPEAN SETTL] /EPP$ FOOT 9 ,NEW ,5GL&1 & TO D5Y !M !IR RI<T TO SOV]EIGNTY IS NO?+ BUT A CONT9UATION ( #d YE>S ( OPPRESSION4 ,& ?AT IS UNACCEPTABLE4 

.<#a.> ,! >TICLE WAS FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 ,CATAM\NT ,TAV]N ,NEWS1 #b#c4 

.<#b.> ,?IS >TICLE WAS FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 ,CATAM\NT ,TAV]N ,NEWS1 #b#f4 ,TODAY .<#b#a#g.> F\R SEP>ATE ,AB5AKI ,TRIBES >E (FICIALLY RECOGNIZ$ BY ! ,/ATE ( ,V]MONT2 ! ,MISSIQUOI1 ,NULHEGAN1 ,KOASEK1 & ,ELNU4 ,9 #bab ! ,NULHEGAN ACQUIR$ !IR FIR/ TRIBALLY [N$ =E/ 9 OV] #b YE>S4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #bb 3 ,PEOPLE ( ! ,DAWN -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #a#i1 #bb 3 ,PEOPLE ( ! ,DAWN -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,PEOPLE ( ! ,DAWN -- ,UPDAT$4 

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