,PATRI>*Y1 ,CIVILIZATION1 ,& ,! ,ORIG9S ,( ,G5D] 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN 

,TEXT 3 

,CIVILIZATION1 V]Y FUNDAM5TALLY1 IS ! HI/ORY ( ! DOM9ATION ( NATURE & ( WOM54 ,PATRI>*Y MEANS RULE OV] WOM5 & NATURE4 ,>E ! TWO 9/ITUTIONS AT BASE SYNONYM\S8 

,PHILOSOPHY HAS MA9LY IGNOR$ ! VA/ REALM ( SUFF]+ ?AT HAS UNFOLD$ S9CE IT BEGAN1 9 DIVISION ( LABOR1 ITS LONG C\RSE4 ,HEL5E ,CIX\S CALLS ! HI/ORY ( PHILOSOPHY A 0*A9 ( FA!RS40 ,WOM5 >E AS ABS5T FROM IT AS SUFF]+1 & >E C]TA9LY ! CLOSE/ ( K94 

,CAMILLE ,PAGLIA1 ANTI-FEM9I/ LIT]>Y !ORI/1 M$ITATES ?USLY ON CIVILIZATION & WOM53 

0,:5 ,I SEE A GIANT CRANE PASS+ ON A FLATB$ TRUCK1 ,I PAUSE 9 AWE & REV]5CE1 AS ONE W\LD = A *UR* PROCESSION4 ,:AT P[] ( CONCEPTION3 :AT GR&IOSITY3 !SE CRANES TIE US TO ANCI5T ,EGYPT1 :]E MONUM5TAL >*ITECTURE WAS FIR/ IMAG9$ & A*IEV$4 ,IF CIVILIZATION HAD BE5 LEFT 9 FEMALE H&S1 WE W\LD /ILL BE LIV+ 9 GRASS HUTS40 .<#a.> 

,! 0GLORIES0 ( CIVILIZATION & WOM5'S DIS9T]E/ 9 !M4 ,TO SOME ( US ! 0GRASS HUTS0 REPRES5T NOT TAK+ ! WRONG PA?1 ?AT ( OPPRESSION & DE/RUCTIV5ESS4 ,9 LI<T ( ! GLOBALLY META/ASIZ+ DEA?-DRIVE ( TE*NOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION1 IF ONLY WE /ILL LIV$ 9 GRASS HUTS6 

,WOM5 & NATURE >E UNIV]SALLY DEVALU$ BY ! DOM9ANT P>ADIGM & :O CANNOT SEE :AT ?IS HAS WR\<T8 ,URSULA ,LE ,GU9 GIVES US A HEAL?Y CORRECTIVE TO ,PAGLIA'S DISMISSAL ( BO?3 

0,CIVILIZ$ ,MAN SAYS3 ,I AM ,SELF1 ,I AM ,MA/]1 ALL ! RE/ IS O!R -- \TSIDE1 BEL[1 UND]NEA?1 SUBS]VI5T4 ,I [N1 ,I USE1 ,I EXPLORE1 ,I EXPLOIT1 ,I CONTROL4 ,:AT ,I DO IS :AT MATT]S4 ,:AT ,I WANT IS :AT MATT] IS =4 ,I AM ?AT ,I AM1 & ! RE/ IS WOM5 & WILD]NESS1 TO BE US$ AS ,I SEE FIT40 .<#b.> 

,!RE >E C]TA9LY MANY :O BELIEVE ?AT E>LY CIVILIZATIONS EXI/$ ?AT W]E MATRI>*AL4 ,BUT NO AN?ROPOLOGI/S OR >*AEOLOGI/S1 FEM9I/S 9CLUD$1 HAVE F\ND EVID5CE ( SU* SOCIETIES4 0,! SE>* = A G5U9ELY EGALIT>IAN1 LET ALONG MATRI>*AL1 CULTURE HAS PROV$ FRUITLESS10 CONCLUDES ,%]RY ,ORTN]4 .<#c.> 

,!RE WAS1 H[EV]1 A LONG SPAN ( TIME :5 WOM5 W]E G5]ALLY LESS SUBJECT TO M51 BE=E MALE-DEF9$ CULTURE BECAME FIX$ OR UNIV]SAL4 ,S9CE ! #a#i#gS AN?ROPOLOGI/S SU* AS ,ADRI5NE ,ZIHLMAN1 ,NANCY ,TANN] & ,FRANCES ,DAHLB]G .<#d.> HAVE CORRECT$ ! E>LI] FOCUS OR /]EOTYPE ( PREHI/ORIC 0,MAN ! ,HUNT]0 TO ?AT ( 0,WOMAN ! ,GA!R]40 ,KEY H]E IS ! DATUM ?AT AS A G5]AL AV]AGE1 PRE-AGRICULTURAL B& SOCIETIES RECEIV$ AB\T #h P]C5T ( !IR SU/5ANCE FROM GA!R+ & #b P]C5T FROM HUNT+4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE TO OV]/ATE ! HUNT+_/GA!R+ DI/9CTION & TO OV]LOOK ?OSE GR\PS 9 :I*1 TO SIGNIFICANT DEGREES1 WOM5 HAVE HUNT$ & M5 HAVE GA!R$4 .<#e.> ,BUT WOM5'S AUTONOMY 9 =AG+ SOCIETIES IS ROOT$ 9 ! FACT ?AT MAT]IAL RES\RCES = SUBSI/5CE >E EQUALLY AVAILABLE TO WOM5 & M5 9 !IR RESPECTIVE SPH]ES ( ACTIVITY4 

,9 ! CONTEXT ( ! G5]ALLY EGALIT>IAN E?OS ( HUNT]-GA!R] OR =AG+ SOCIETIES1 AN?ROPOLOGI/S LIKE ,ELEANOR ,LEACOCK1 ,PATRICIA ,DRAP] & ,M9A ,CAULFIELD HAVE DESCRIB$ A G5]ALLY EQUAL RELATION%IP BETWE5 M5 & WOM54 .<#f.> ,9 SU* SETT+S :]E ! P]SON :O PROCURES SOME?+ ALSO DI/RIBUTES IT & :]E WOM5 PROCURE AB\T #h P]C5T ( ! SU/5ANCE1 IT IS L>GELY WOM5 :O DET]M9E B& SOCIETY MOVEM5TS & CAMP LOCATIONS4 ,SIMIL>LY1 EVID5CE 9DICATES ?AT BO? WOM5 & M5 MADE ! /ONE TOOLS US$ BY PRE-AGRICULTURAL PEOPLES4 .<#g.> 

,) ! MATRILOCAL ,PUEBLO1 ,IROQUOIS1 ,CR[1 & O!R ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN GR\PS1 WOM5 C\LD T]M9ATE A M>ITAL RELATION%IP AT ANY TIME4 ,OV]ALL1 MALES & FEMALES 9 B& SOCIETY MOVE FREELY & PEACEFULLY FROM ONE B& TO ANO!R AS WELL AS 9TO OR \T ( RELATION%IPS4 .<#h.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,ROSAL9D ,MILES1 ! M5 NOT ONLY DO NOT COMM& OR EXPLOIT WOM5'S LABOR1 0!Y EX]T LITTLE OR NO CONTROL OV] WOM5'S BODIES OR ?OSE ( !IR *ILDR51 MAK+ NO FETI% ( VIRG9ITY OR *A/ITY1 & MAK+ NO DEM&S ( WOM5'S SEXUAL EXCLUSIVITY40 .<#i.> ,ZUBE$A ,BANU ,QURAI%Y PROVIDES AN ,AFRICAN EXAMPLE3 0,MBUTI G5D] ASSOCIATIONS W]E *>ACT]IZ$ BY H>MONY & COOP]ATION40 .<#a.> 

,& YET1 ONE WOND]S1 WAS ! SITUATION REALLY EV] QUITE ?IS ROSY8 ,GIV5 AN APP>5TLY UNIV]SAL DEVALUATION ( WOM51 :I* V>IES 9 ITS =MS BUT NOT 9 ITS ESS5CE1 ! QUE/ION ( :5 & H[ IT WAS BASICALLY O!RWISE P]SI/S4 ,!RE IS A FUNDAM5TAL DIVISION ( SOCIAL EXI/5CE ACCORD+ TO G5D]1 & AN OBVI\S HI]>*Y TO ?IS DIVIDE4 ,= PHILOSOPH] ,JANE ,FLAX1 ! MO/ DEEP-SEAT$ DUALISMS1 EV5 9CLUD+ ?OSE ( SUBJECT-OBJECT & M9D-BODY1 >E A REFLECTION ( G5D] DISUNITY4 .<#a#a.> 

,G5D] IS NOT ! SAME AS ! NATURAL_/PHYSIOLOGICAL DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! SEXES4 ,IT IS A CULTURAL CATEGORIZATION & RANK+ GR\ND$ 9 A SEXUAL DIVISION ( LABOR ?AT MAY BE ! S+LE CULTURAL =M ( GREATE/ SIGNIFICANCE4 ,IF G5D] 9TRODUCES & LEGITIMATES 9EQUALITY & DOM9ATION1 :AT C\LD BE MORE IMPORTANT TO PUT 9TO QUE/ION8 ,SO 9 T]MS ( ORIG9S -- & 9 T]MS ( \R FUTURE -- ! QUE/ION ( HUMAN SOCIETY )\T G5D] PRES5TS ITSELF4 

,WE KN[ ?AT DIVISION ( LABOR L$ TO DOME/ICATION & CIVILIZATION & DRIVES ! GLOBALIZ$ SY/EM ( DOM9ATION TODAY4 ,IT ALSO APPE>S ?AT >TIFICIALLY IMPOS$ SEXUAL DIVISION ( LABOR WAS ITS E>LIE/ =M & WAS ALSO1 9 EFFECT1 ! =MATION ( G5D]4 

,%>+ FOOD HAS LONG BE5 RECOGNIZ$ AS A HALLM>K ( ! =AG+ LIFE-WAY4 ,%>+ ! RESPONSIBILITY = ! C>E ( (FSPR+1 TOO1 :I* CAN /ILL BE SE5 AMONG ! FEW REMA9+ HUNT]-GA!R] SOCIETIES1 9 CONTRA/ TO PRIVATIZ$1 ISOLAT$ FAMILY LIFE 9 CIVILIZATION4 ,:AT WE ?9K ( AS ! FAMILY IS NOT AN ET]NAL 9/ITUTION1 ANY MORE ?AN EXCLUSIVELY FEMALE MO!R+ WAS 9EVITABLE 9 HUMAN EVOLUTION4 .<#a#b.> 

,SOCIETY IS 9TEGRAT$ VIA ! DIVISION ( LABOR & ! FAMILY IS 9TEGRAT$ VIA ! SEXUAL DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,! NE$ = 9TEGRATION BESPEAKS A T5SION1 A SPLIT ?AT CALLS = A BASIS = COHESION OR SOLID>ITY4 ,9 ?IS S5SE ,TE/>T IS RI<T3 0,9H]5T 9 K9%IP IS HI]>*Y40 .<#a#c.> ,& ) !IR BASIS 9 DIVISION ( LABOR1 ! RELATIONS ( K9%IP BECOME RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION4 0,G5D] IS 9H]5T 9 ! V]Y NATURE ( K9%IP10 AS ,CUC*I>I PO9TS \T1 0:I* C\LD NOT EXI/ )\T IT40 .<#a#d.> ,IT IS 9 ?IS >EA ?AT ! ROOT ( ! DOM9ATION ( NATURE AS WELL AS ( WOM5 MAY BE EXPLOR$4 

,AS COMB9$ GR\P =AG+ 9 B& SOCIETIES GAVE WAY TO SPECIALIZ$ ROLES1 K9%IP /RUCTURES =M$ ! 9FRA/RUCTURE ( RELATION%IPS ?AT DEVELOP$ 9 ! DIRECTION ( 9EQUALITY & P[] DIFF]5TIALS4 ,WOM5 TYPICALLY BECAME IMMOBILIZ$ BY A PRIVATIZ+ *ILD C>E ROLE2 ?IS PATT]N DEEP5$ LAT] ON1 BEYOND ! SUPPOS$ REQUIREM5TS ( ?AT G5D] ROLE4 ,?IS G5D]-BAS$ SEP>ATION & DIVISION ( LABOR BEGAN TO OCCUR >\ND ! TRANSITION FROM ! ,MIDDLE TO ,UPP] ,PALEOLI?IC ]AS4 .<#a#e.> 

,G5D] & ! K9%IP SY/EM >E CULTURAL CON/RUCTS SET OV] & AGA9/ ! BIOLOGICAL SUBJECTS 9VOLV$1 0ABOVE ALL A SYMBOLIC ORGANIZATION ( BEHAVIOR10 ACCORD+ TO ,JULIET ,MIT*ELL4 .<#a#f.> ,IT MAY BE MORE TELL+ TO LOOK AT SYMBOLIC CULTURE ITSELF AS REQUIR$ BY G5D]$ SOCIETY1 BY 0! NE$ TO M$IATE SYMBOLICALLY A SEV]ELY DI*OTOMIZ$ COSMOS40 .<#a#g.> ,! :I*-CAME-FIR/ QUE/ION 9TRODUCES ITSELF & IS DIFFICULT TO RESOLVE4 ,IT IS CLE>1 H[EV]1 ?AT !RE IS NO EVID5CE ( SYMBOLIC ACTIVITY 7E4G4 CAVE PA9T+S7 UNTIL ! G5D] SY/EM1 BAS$ ON SEXUAL DIVISION ( LABOR1 WAS APP>5TLY UND] WAY4 .<#a#h.> 

,BY ! ,UPP] ,PALEOLI?IC1 ?AT EPO* IMM$IATELY PRIOR TO ! ,NEOLI?IC ,REVOLUTION ( DOME/ICATION & CIVILIZATION1 ! G5D] REVOLUTION HAD WON ! DAY4 ,MASCUL9E & FEM99E SIGNS >E PRES5T 9 ! FIR/ CAVE >T1 AB\T #c#e1 YE>S AGO4 ,G5D] CONSCI\SNESS >ISES AS AN ALL-5COMPASS+ 5SEMBLE ( DUALITIES1 A SPECT] ( DIVID$ SOCIETY4 ,9 ! NEW POL>IZATION ACTIVITY BECOMES G5D]-RELAT$1 G5D]-DEF9$4 ,! ROLE ( HUNT]1 = EXAMPLE1 DEVELOPS 9TO ASSOCIATION ) MALES1 ITS REQUIREM5TS ATTRIBUT$ TO ! MALE G5D] AS DESIR$ TRAITS4 

,?AT :I* HAD BE5 F> MORE UNIT>Y OR G5]ALIZ$1 SU* AS GR\P =AG+ OR COMMUNAL RESPONSIBILITY = *ILD T5D+1 HAD N[ BECOME ! SEP>AT$ SPH]ES 9 :I* SEXUAL JEAL\SY & POSSESSIV5ESS APPE>4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! SYMBOLIC EM]GES AS A SEP>ATE SPH]E OR REALITY4 ,?IS IS REVEAL+ 9 T]MS ( ! CONT5T ( >T1 AS WELL AS RITUAL & ITS PRACTICE4 ,IT IS HAZ>D\S TO EXTRAPOLATE FROM ! PRES5T TO ! REMOTE PA/1 YET SURVIV+ NON-9DU/RIALIZ$ CULTURES MAY %$ SOME LI<T4 ,! ,BIM9-,KU%USM9 ( ,PAPUA ,NEW ,GU9EA1 = EXAMPLE1 EXP]I5CE ! MASCUL9E-FEM99E SPLIT AS FUNDAM5TAL & DEF9+4 ,! MASCUL9E 0ESS5CE10 CALL$ F9IIK1 NOT ONLY SIGNIFIES P[]FUL1 W>LIKE QUALITIES BUT ALSO ?OSE ( RITUAL & CONTROL4 ,! FEM99E 0ESS5CE10 OR KHAAPKHABUURI51 IS WILD1 IMPULSIVE1 S5SU\S1 & IGNORANT ( RITUAL4 .<#a#i.> ,SIMIL>LY1 ! ,MANSI ( NOR?WE/]N ,SIB]IA PLACE SEV]E RE/RICTIONS ON WOM5'S 9VOLVEM5T 9 !IR RITUAL PRACTICES4 .<#b.> ,) B& SOCIETIES1 IT IS NO EXAGG]ATION TO SAY ?AT ! PRES5CE OR ABS5CE ( RITUAL IS CRUCIAL TO ! QUE/ION ( ! SUBORD9ATION ( WOM54 .<#b#a.> ,GAYLE ,RUB9 CONCLUDES ?AT ! 0WORLD-HI/ORICAL DEFEAT ( WOM5 OCCURR$ ) ! ORIG9S ( CULTURE & IS A PR]EQUISITE ( CULTURE40 .<#b#b.> 

,! SIMULTANE\S RISE ( SYMBOLIC CULTURE & G5D]$ LIFE IS NOT A CO9CID5CE4 ,EA* ( !M 9VOLVES A BASIC %IFT FROM NON-SEP>AT$1 NON-HI]>*IZ$ LIFE4 ,! LOGIC ( !IR DEVELOPM5T & EXT5SION IS A RESPONSE TO T5SIONS & 9EQUALITIES ?AT !Y 9C>NATE2 BO? >E DIALECTICALLY 9T]CONNECT$ TO E>LIE/1 >TIFICIAL DIVISION ( LABOR4 

,ON ! HEELS1 RELATIVELY SPEAK+1 ( ! G5D]_/SYMBOLIC ALT]ATION CAME ANO!R ,GREAT ,LEAP ,=W>D1 9TO AGRICULTURE & CIVILIZATION4 ,?IS IS ! DEF9ITIVE 0RIS+ ABOVE NATURE10 OV]RID+ ! PREVI\S TWO MILLION YE>S ( NON-DOM9AT+ 9TELLIG5CE & 9TIMACY ) NATURE4 ,?IS *ANGE WAS DECISIVE AS A CONSOLIDATION & 9T5SIFICATION ( ! DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,MEILLAS\X REM9DS US ( ITS BEG9N+S3 

,NO?+ 9 NATURE EXPLA9S ! SEXUAL DIVISION ( LABOR1 NOR SU* 9/ITUTIONS AS M>RIAGE1 CONJUGALITY OR PAT]NAL FILIATION4 ,ALL >E IMPOS$ ON WOM5 BY CON/RA9T1 ALL >E !RE=E FACTS ( CIVILIZATION :I* MU/ BE EXPLA9$1 NOT US$ AS EXPLANATIONS4 .<#b#c.> 

,KELK> & ,NA?AN1 = EXAMPLE1 DID NOT F9D V]Y MU* G5D] SPECIALIZATION AMONG HUNT]-GA!R]S 9 WE/]N ,9DIA1 COMP>$ TO AGRICULTURALI/S !RE4 .<#b#d.> ,! TRANSITION FROM =AG+ TO FOOD PRODUCTION BR\<T SIMIL> RADICAL *ANGES 9 SOCIETIES EV]Y:]E4 ,IT IS 9/RUCTIVE1 TO CITE ANO!R EXAMPLE CLOS] TO ! PRES5T1 ?AT ! ,MUSKOGEE PEOPLE ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,S\!A/ UPHELD ! 9TR9SIC VALUE ( ! UNTAM$1 UNDOME/ICAT$ =E/2 COLONIAL CIVILIZ]S ATTACK$ ?IS /ANCE BY TRY+ TO REPLACE ,MUSKOGEE MATRIL9EAL TRADITION ) PATRIL9EAL RELATIONS4 .<#b#e.> 

,! LOCUS ( ! TRANS=MATION ( ! WILD TO ! CULTURAL IS ! DOMICILE1 AS WOM5 BECOME PROGRESSIVELY LIMIT$ TO ITS HORIZONS4 ,DOME/ICATION IS GR\ND$ H]E 7ETYMOLOGICALLY AS WELL1 FROM ! ,LAT9 DOMUS1 OR H\SEHOLD73 DRUDGE WORK1 LESS ROBU/ICITY ?AN ) =AG+1 MANY MORE *ILDR51 & A L[] LIFE EXPECTANCY ?AN MALES >E AMONG ! FEATURES ( AGRICULTURAL EXI/5CE = WOM54 .<#b#f.> ,H]E ANO!R DI*OTOMY APPE>S1 ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 WORK & NON-WORK1 :I* = SO MANY1 MANY G5]ATIONS DID NOT EXI/4 ,FROM ! G5D]$ PRODUCTION SITE & ITS CON/ANT EXT5SION COME FUR!R F\NDATIONS ( \R CULTURE & M5TALITY4 

,CONF9$1 IF NOT FULLY PACIFI$1 WOM5 >E DEF9$ AS PASSIVE4 ,LIKE NATURE1 ( VALUE AS SOME?+ TO BE MADE TO PRODUCE2 AWAIT+ F]TILIZATION1 ACTIVATION FROM \TSIDE H]SELF_/ ITSELF4 ,WOM5 EXP]I5CE ! MOVE FROM AUTONOMY & RELATIVE EQUALITY 9 SMALL1 MOBILE AN>*IC GR\PS TO CONTROLL$ /ATUS 9 L>GE1 COMPLEX GOV]N$ SETTLEM5TS4 

,MY?OLOGY & RELIGION1 COMP5SATIONS ( DIVID$ SOCIETY1 TE/IFY TO ! R$UC$ POSITION ( WOM54 ,9 ,HOM]'S ,GREECE1 FALL[ L& 7NOT DOME/ICAT$ BY GRA9 CULTURE7 WAS CONSID]$ FEM99E1 ! ABODE ( ,CALYPSO1 ( ,CIRCE1 ( ! ,SIR5S :O TEMPT$ ,ODYSSEUS TO AB&ON CIVILIZATION'S LABORS4 ,BO? L& & WOM5 >E AGA9 SUBJECTS ( DOM9ATION4 ,BUT ?IS IMP]IALISM BETRAYS TRACES ( GUILTY CONSCI5CE1 AS 9 ! PUNI%M5TS = ?OSE ASSOCIAT$ ) DOME/ICATION & TE*NOLOGY1 9 ! TALES ( ,PROME!US & ,SISYPHUS4 ,! PROJECT ( AGRICULTURE WAS FELT1 9 SOME >EAS MORE ?AN O!RS1 AS A VIOLATION2 H5CE1 ! 9CID5CE ( RAPE 9 ! /ORIES ( ,DEMET]4 ,OV] TIME AS ! LOSSES M\NT1 ! GREAT MO!R-DAU<T] RELATION%IPS ( ,GREEK MY? --  -- ,DEMET]-,KORE1 ,CLYTEMNE/RA-,IPHIG5IA1 ,JOCA/A-,ANTIGONE1 = EXAMPLE --  -- DISAPPE>4 

,9 ,G5ESIS1 ! ,BIBLE'S FIR/ BOOK1 WOMAN IS BORN FROM ! BODY ( MAN4 ,! ,FALL FROM ,$5 REPRES5TS ! DEMISE ( HUNT]-GA!R] LIFE1 ! EXPULSION 9TO AGRICULTURE & H>D LABOR4 ,IT IS BLAM$ ON ,EVE1 ( C\RSE1 :O BE>S ! /IGMA ( ! ,FALL4 .<#b#g.> ,QUITE AN IRONY1 9 ?AT DOME/ICATION IS ! FE> & REFUSAL ( NATURE & WOMAN1 :ILE ! ,G>D5 MY? BLAMES ! *IEF VICTIM ( ITS SC5>IO1 9 REALITY4 

,AGRICULTURE IS A CONQUE/ ?AT FULFILLS :AT BEGAN ) G5D] =MATION & DEVELOPM5T4 ,DESPITE ! PRES5CE ( GODDESS FIGURES1 W$D$ TO ! T\*/ONE ( F]TILITY1 9 G5]AL ,NEOLI?IC CULTURE IS V]Y CONC]N$ ) VIRILITY4 ,FROM ! EMOTIONAL DIM5SIONS ( ?IS MASCUL9ISM1 AS ,CAUV9 SEES IT1 ANIMAL DOME/ICATION MU/ HAVE BE5 PR9CIPALLY A MALE 9ITIATIVE4 .<#b#h.> ,! DI/ANC+ & P[] EMPHASIS HAVE BE5 ) US EV] S9CE2 FRONTI] EXPANSION1 = 9/ANCE1 AS MALE 5]GY SUBDU+ FEMALE NATURE1 ONE FRONTI] AFT] ANO!R4 

,?IS TRAJECTORY HAS REA*$ OV]:ELM+ PROPORTIONS1 & WE >E TOLD ON ALL SIDES ?AT WE CANNOT AVOID \R 5GAGEM5T ) UBIQUIT\S TE*NOLOGY4 ,BUT PATRI>*Y1 TOO1 IS EV]Y:]E1 & ONCE AGA9 ! 9F]IORITY ( NATURE IS PRESUM$4 ,=TUNATELY1 0MANY FEM9I/S10 SAYS ,C>OL ,/ABILE1 HOLD ?AT 0A REJECTION ( TE*NOLOGY IS FUNDAM5TALLY ID5TICAL TO A REJECTION ( PATRI>*Y40 .<#b#i.> 

,!RE >E O!R FEM9I/S :O CLAIM A P>T ( ! TE*NOLOGICAL 5T]PRISE1 :I* POSITS A VIRTUAL1 CYBORG 0ESCAPE FROM ! BODY0 & ITS G5D]$ HI/ORY ( SUBJUGATION4 ,BUT ?IS FLI<T IS ILLUSORY1 A =GETT+ ( ! :OLE TRA9 & LOGIC ( OPPRESSIVE 9/ITUTIONS ?AT MAKE UP PATRI>*Y4 ,! DIS-EMBODI$ HI<-TE* FUTURE CAN ONLY BE MORE ( ! SAME DE/RUCTIVE C\RSE4 

,FREUD CONSID]$ TAK+ ONE'S PLACE AS A G5D]$ SUBJECT TO BE F\NDATIONAL1 BO? CULTURALLY & PSY*OLOGICALLY4 ,BUT HIS !ORIES ASSUME AN ALREADY PRES5T G5D]$ SUBJECTIVITY1 & ?US BEG MANY QUE/IONS4 ,V>I\S CONSID]ATIONS REMA9 UNADDRESS$1 SU* AS G5D] AS AN EXPRESSION ( P[] RELATIONS1 & ! FACT ?AT WE 5T] ?IS WORLD AS BISEXUAL CREATURES4 

,C>LA ,FREEMAN POSES A P]T95T QUE/ION ) H] ESSAY TITL$1 0,IS ,LOCAL3 ,GLOBAL AS ,FEM99E3 ,MASCUL9E8 ,RE?9K+ ! ,G5D] ( ,GLOBALIZATION04 .<#c.> 

,! G5]AL CRISIS ( MOD]NITY HAS ITS ROOTS 9 ! IMPOSITION ( G5D]4 ,SEP>ATION & 9EQUALITY BEG9 H]E AT ! P]IOD :5 SYMBOLIC CULTURE ITSELF EM]GES1 SOON BECOM+ DEF9ITIVE AS DOME/ICATION & CIVILIZATION3 PATRI>*Y4 ,! HI]>*Y ( G5D] CAN NO MORE BE RE=M$ ?AN ! CLASS SY/EM OR GLOBALIZATION4 ,)\T A DEEPLY RADICAL WOM5'S LIB]ATION WE >E CONSIGN$ TO ! DEADLY SW9DLE & MUTILATION N[ DEAL+ \T A FE>FUL TOLL EV]Y:]E4 ,! :OL5ESS ( ORIG9AL G5D]LESSNESS MAY BE A PRESCRIPTION = \R R$EMPTION4 

  

.<#a.> ,CAMILLE ,PAGLIA1 ,SEXUAL ,P]SONAE3 ,>T & ,DECAD5CE FROM ,NEF]TITI TO ,EMILY ,DICK9SON 7,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 ,NEW ,HAV51 #a#i#i71 P4 #c#h4 

.<#b.> ,URSULA ,LE ,GU91 0,WOM5_/,WILDNESS10 9 ,JUDI? ,PLANT1 $41 ,HEAL+ ! ,W\NDS 7,NEW ,SOCIETY3 ,PHILADELPHIA1 #a#i#h#i71 P4 #d#e4 

.<#c.> ,%]RY ,B4 ,ORTN]1 ,MAK+ ,G5D]3 ! ,POLITICS & ,]OTICS ( ,CULTURE 7,BEACON ,PRESS3 ,BO/ON1 #a#i#i#f71 P4 #b#d4 ,SEE ALSO ,CYN?IA ,ELL]1 ,! ,MY? ( ,MATRI>*AL ,PREHI/ORY3 ,:Y AN ,9V5T$ ,PA/ ,WON'T ,GIVE ,WOM5 A ,FUTURE 7,BEACON ,PRESS3 ,BO/ON1 #b74 

.<#d.> ,= EXAMPLE1 ,ADRI5NE ,L4 ,ZIHLMAN & ,NANCY ,TANN]1 0,GA!R+ & ,HOM9ID ,ADAPTATION10 9 ,LIONEL ,TIG] & ,HEA!R ,F[L]1 $S41 ,FEMALE ,HI]>*IES 7,B]ES=D3 ,*ICAGO1 #a#i#g#h72 ,ADRI5NE ,L4 ,ZIHLMAN1 0,WOM5 9 ,EVOLUTION10 ,SIGNS #d 7#a#i#g#h72 ,FRANCES ,DAHLB]G1 ,WOMAN ! ,GA!R] 7,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 ,NEW ,HAV51 #a#i#h#a72 ,ELIZABE? ,FI%]1 ,WOMAN'S ,CREATION3 ,SEXUAL ,EVOLUTION & ! ,%AP+ ( ,SOCIETY 7,AN*OR_/ ,D\BL$AY3 ,G>D5 ,CITY ,N,Y1 #a#i#g#i74 

.<#e.> ,JAMES ,/EELE & ,/EPHAN ,%5NAN1 $S41 ,! ,>*AEOLOGY ( ,HUMAN ,ANCE/RY 7,R\TL$GE3 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#i#e71 P4 #c#d#i4 ,ALSO1 ,M4 ,KAY ,M>T9 & ,B>B>A ,VOORHIES1 ,FEMALE ( ! ,SPECIES 7,COLUMBIA ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#g#e71 PP #b#a-#b#a#a1 = EXAMPLE4 

.<#f.> ,LEACOCK IS AMONG ! MO/ 9SI/5T1 CLAIM+ ?AT :ATEV] MALE DOM9ATION EXI/S 9 SURVIV+ SOCIETIES ( ?IS K9D IS DUE TO ! EFFECTS ( COLONIAL DOM9ATION4 ,SEE ,ELEANOR ,BURKE ,LEACOCK1 0,WOM5'S ,/ATUS 9 ,EGALIT>IAN ,SOCIETY10 ,CURR5T ,AN?ROPOLOGY #ai 7#a#i#g#h72 & H] ,MY?S ( ,MALE ,DOM9ANCE 7,MON?LY ,REVIEW ,PRESS3 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#h#a74 ,SEE ALSO ,S4 & ,G4 ,CAFF]TY1 0,P[]FUL ,WOM5 & ! ,MY? ( ,MALE ,DOM9ANCE 9 ,AZTEC ,SOCIETY10 ,>*AEOLOGY FROM ,CAMBRIDGE #g 7#a#i#h#h74 

.<#g.> ,JOAN ,G]O & ,M>G>ET ,W4 ,CONKEY1 $S41 ,5G5D]+ ,>*AEOLOGY 7,BLACKWELL3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,M,A1 #a#i#i#a72 ,C4,F4,M4 ,BIRD1 0,WOMAN ! ,TOOLMAK]10 9 ,WOM5 9 ,>*AEOLOGY 7,RESE>* ,S*OOL ( ,PACIFIC & ,ASIAN ,/UDIES3 ,CANB]RA1 #a#i#i#c74 

.<#h.> ,CLAUDE ,MEILLAS\X1 ,MAID5S1 ,MEAL & ,MONEY 7,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 ,CAMBRIDGE1 #a#i#h#a71 P4 #a#f4 

.<#i.> ,ROSAL9D ,MILES1 ,! ,WOM5'S ,HI/ORY ( ! ,WORLD 7,MI*AEL ,JOSEPH3 ,LONDON1 #a#i#h#f71 P4 #a#f4 

.<#a.> ,ZUBE$A ,BANU ,QURAI%Y1 0,G5D] ,POLITICS 9 ! ,SOCIO-,ECONOMIC ,ORGANIZATION ( ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,=AG]S10 9 ,IAN ,KE5 & ,TAKAKO ,YAMADA1 $S41 ,ID5TITY & ,G5D] 9 ,HUNT+ & ,GA!R+ ,SOCIETIES 7,NATIONAL ,MUSEUM ( ,E?NOLOGY3 ,OSAKA1 #b71 P4 #a#i#f4 

.<#a#a.> ,JANE ,FLAX1 0,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY & ! ,PATRI>*AL ,UNCONSCI\S10 9 ,S&RA ,H>D+ & ,M]RILL ,B4 ,H9TIKKA1 $S41 ,DISCOV]+ ,REALITY 7,REIDEL3 ,DORTRE*T1 #a#i#h#c71 PP #b#f#i-#b#g4 

.<#a#b.> ,SEE ,PATRICIA ,ELLIOTT1 ,FROM ,MA/]Y TO ,ANALYSIS3 ,!ORIES ( ,G5D] 9 ,PSY*OANALYTIC ,FEM9ISM 7,CORNELL ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 ,I?ACA1 #a#i#i#a71 E4G4 P4 #a#e4 

.<#a#c.> ,ALA9 ,TE/>T1 0,ABORIG9AL ,SOCIAL ,9EQUALITY & ,RECIPROCITY10 ,OCEANIA #f 7#a#i#h#i71 P4 #e4 

.<#a#d.> ,SALVATORE ,CUC*I>I1 0,! ,G5D] ,REVOLUTION & ! ,TRANSITION FROM ,BISEXUAL ,HORDE TO ,PATRILOCAL ,B&10 9 ,%]RY ,B4 ,ORTN] & ,H>RIET ,:ITEHEAD1 $S41 ,SEXUAL ,MEAN+S3 ,! ,CULTURAL ,CON/RUCTION ( ,G5D] & ,SEXUALITY 7,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,U,K1 #a#i#h#d71 P4 #c#f4 ,?IS ESSAY IS ( GREAT IMPORTANCE4 

.<#a#e.> ,OLGA ,S(F]1 0,SOCIAL ,TRANS=MATIONS AT ! ,MIDDLE TO ,UPP] ,PALEOLI?IC ,TRANSITION10 9 ,GUNT] ,BRAU] & ,F]D ,H4 ,SMI?1 $S41 ,REPLACEM5T3 ,CONTROV]SIES 9 ,HOMO ,SAPI5S ,EVOLUTION 7,A4,A4 ,BALKEMA3 ,ROTT]DAM #a#i#i#b71 P4 #b#e#d4 

.<#a#f.> ,JULIET ,MIT*ELL1 ,WOM53 ,! ,LONGE/ ,REVOLUTION 7,VIRAGO ,PRESS3 ,LONDON1 #a#i#h#d71 P4 #h#c4 

.<#a#g.> ,CUC*I>I1 OP4CIT41 P4 #f#b4 

.<#a#h.> ,ROB]T ,BRIFFAULT1 ,! ,MO!RS3 ! ,MATRI>*AL ,!ORY ( ,SOCIAL ,ORIG9S 7,MACMILLAN3 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#c#a71 P4 #a#e#i4 

.<#a#i.> ,!ODORE ,LIDZ & ,RU? ,WILLIAMS ,LIDZ1 ,O$IPUS 9 ! ,/ONE ,AGE 7,9T]NATIONAL ,UNIV]SITIES ,PRESS3 ,MADISON ,C,T1 #a#i#h#h71 P4 #a#b#c4 

.<#b.> ,EL5A ,G4 ,F$OROVA1 0,! ,ROLE ( ,WOM5 9 ,MANSI ,SOCIETY10 9 ,PET] ,P4 ,S*WEITZ]1 ,MEGAN ,BIESELE & ,ROB]T ,K4 ,HIT*HOCK1 $S41 ,HUNT]S & ,GA!R]S 9 ! ,MOD]N ,WORLD 7,B]<AHN ,BOOKS3 ,NEW ,YORK1 #b71 P4 #c#i#f4 

.<#b#a.> ,/EV5 ,H>RALL1 ,HUMAN ,FAMILIES 7,WE/VIEW ,PRESS3 ,B\LD] ,C,O1 #a#i#i#g71 P4 #h#i4 0,EXAMPLES ( ! L9K BETWE5 RITUAL & 9EQUALITY 9 =AG] SOCIETIES >E WIDESPREAD10 ACCORD+ TO ,/EPHAN ,%5NAN1 0,SOCIAL ,9EQUALITY & ! ,TRANSMISSION ( ,CULTURAL ,TRADITIONS 9 ,=AG] ,SOCIETIES10 9 ,/EELE & ,%5NAN1 OP4CIT41 P4 #c#f#i4 

.<#b#b.> ,GAYLE ,RUB91 0,! ,TRAFFIC 9 ,WOM510 ,T[>D AN ,AN?ROPOLOGY ( ,WOM5 7,MON?LY ,REVIEW ,PRESS3 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#g#i71 P4 #a#g#f4 

.<#b#c.> ,MEILLAS\X1 OP4CIT41 PP #b-#b#a4 

.<#b#d.> ,CIT$ BY ,9DRA ,MUN%I1 0,WOM5 & ,=E/3 ,A ,/UDY ( ! ,W>LIS ( ,WE/]N ,9DIA10 9 ,GOV9D ,KELK>1 ,DEV ,NA?AN & ,PI]RE ,WALT]1 $S41 ,G5D] ,RELATIONS 9 ,=E/ ,SOCIETIES 9 ,ASIA3 ,PATRI>*Y AT ,ODDS 7,SAGE3 ,NEW ,DELHI1 #b#c71 P4 #b#f#h4 

.<#b#e.> ,JOEL ,W4 ,M>T91 ,SACR$ ,REVOLT3 ,! ,MUSKOGEES' ,/RUGGLE = A ,NEW ,WORLD 7,BEACON ,PRESS3 ,BO/ON1 #a#i#i#a71 PP #i#i1 #a#d#c4 

.<#b#f.> ,! PRODUCTION ( MAIZE1 ONE ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO DOME/ICATION1 0HAD A TREM5D\S EFFECT ON WOM5'S WORK & WOM5'S HEAL?40 ,WOM5'S /ATUS 0WAS DEF9ITELY SUBORD9ATE TO ?AT ( MALES 9 MO/ ( ! HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES ( .<:AT IS N[.> ! EA/]N ,UNIT$ ,/ATES0 BY ! TIME ( FIR/ ,EUROPEAN CONTACT4 ,! REF]5CE IS FROM ,K>5 ,OLS5 ,BRUHNS & ,K>5 ,E4 ,/O!RT1 ,WOM5 9 ,ANCI5T ,AM]ICA 7,UNIV]SITY ( ,OKLAHOMA ,PRESS3 ,NORMAN1 #a#i#i#i71 P4 #h#h4 ,ALSO1 = EXAMPLE1 ,GILDA ,A4 ,MORELLI1 0,GR[+ ,UP ,FEMALE 9 A ,F>M] ,COMMUNITY & A ,=AG] ,COMMUNITY10 9 ,M>Y ,ELL5 ,MABECK1 ,ALISON ,GALL[AY & ,ADRI5NE ,ZIHLMAN1 $S41 ,! ,EVOLV+ ,FEMALE 7,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 ,PR9CETON1 #a#i#i#g73 0,Y\NG ,EFE .<,ZAIRE.> =AG] *ILDR5 >E GR[+ UP 9 A COMMUNITY :]E ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 M5 & WOM5 IS F> MORE EGALIT>IAN ?AN IS ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 F>M] M5 & WOM50 7P4 #b#a#i74 ,SEE ALSO ,CA!R9E ,PANT]-,BRICK & ,TESSA ,M4 ,POLL>D1 0,WORK & ,HORMONAL ,V>IATION 9 ,SUBSI/5CE & ,9DU/RIAL ,CONTEXTS10 9 ,C4 ,PANT]-,BRICK & ,C4,M4 ,WOR?MAN1 $S41 ,HORMONES1 ,HEAL?1 & ,BEHAVIOR 7,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 ,CAMBRIDGE1 #a#i#i#i71 9 T]MS ( H[ MU* MORE WORK IS DONE1 COMP>$ TO M51 BY WOM5 :O F>M VS4 ?OSE :O =AGE4 

.<#b#g.> ,! ,ETORO PEOPLE ( ,PAPUA ,NEW ,GU9EA HAVE A V]Y SIMIL> MY? 9 :I* ,N[ALI1 KN[N = H] HUNT+ PR[ESS1 BE>S RESPONSIBILITY = ! ,ETOROS' FALL FROM A /ATE ( WELL-BE+4 ,RAYMOND ,C4 ,KELLY1 ,CON/RUCT+ ,9EQUALITY 7,UNIV]SITY ( ,MI*IGAN ,PRESS3 ,ANN ,>BOR1 #a#i#i#c71 P4 #e#b#d4 

.<#b#h.> ,JACQUES ,CAUV91 ,! ,BIR? ( ! ,GODS & ! ,ORIG9S ( ,NATURE 7,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 ,CAMBRIDGE1 #b71 P4 #a#c#c4 

.<#b#i.> ,C>OL ,A4 ,/ABILE1 ,FEM9ISM & ! ,TE*NOLOGICAL ,FIX 7,MAN*E/] ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS3 ,MAN*E/]1 #a#i#i#d71 P4 #e4 

.<#c.> ,C>LA ,FREEMAN1 0,IS ,LOCAL3,GLOBAL AS ,FEM99E3,MASCUL9E8 ,RE?9K+ ! ,G5D] ( ,GLOBALIZATION10 ,SIGNS #bf 7#b#a74 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,APRIL #b#d1 #bb 3 ,PATRI>*Y1 ,CIVILIZATION1 ,& ,! ,ORIG9S ,( ,G5D] -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,PATRI>*Y1 ,CIVILIZATION1 ,& ,! ,ORIG9S ,( ,G5D] -- ,UPDAT$4 

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HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/