,ORGANIZATION & ,P>TY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,M>IE ,ISIDOROVNA ,GOLDSMI? 

,TEXT 3 

,! PROBLEM ( ! ORGANIZATION ( ! AN>*I/ =CES IS ( ! ORD] ( ! DAY4 ,MANY COMRADES EXPLA9 ! FACT ?AT1 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ! AN>*I/S1 DESPITE BE+ AT ALL TIMES 9 ! =EFRONT ( ! REVOLUTION>Y BATTLES1 WIELD$ ONLY SLI<T 9FLU5CE OV] ! M>* ( EV5TS1 DUE 9 L>GE P>T TO ! LACK ( SOLID ORGANIZATION4 ,?US !Y POSIT ! CREATION ( SU* AN ORGANIZATION1 AN AN>*I/ P>TY1 AS ! PREMI] REQUIREM5T = MORE FRUITFUL EF=TS 9 ! FUTURE4 ,! WORD 0P>TY0 ( ITSELF TRIGG]S CONTROV]SY2 CAN !RE BE SU* A ?+ AS AN AN>*I/ 0P>TY08 ,IT ALL DEP5DS ON ! MEAN+ :I* ONE 9VE/S ! WORD4  

,! T]M 0P>TY0 CAN BE APPLI$ SIMPLY TO ! COMMUNITY ( P]SONS ( 
 LIKE M9DS1 AGRE$ ) ONE & O!R ON ! AIMS TO BE A*IEV$ & ! MEANS TO BE 
EMPLOY$1 EV5 IF !Y >E B\ND BY NO =MAL L9K1 EV5 IF !Y DO NOT KN[ EA* O!R4 ,! MORE UNIT$ !IR ?9K+1 ! MORE ! DEVISE A SIMIL> SOLUTION TO ! P>TICUL> ISSUES ?AT >ISE1 & ! MORE APT ! USE ( ! T]M 0P>TY0 9 RELATION TO !M4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS S5SE ?AT ! ,9T]NATIONAL .<,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION.> TALKS AB\T ! 0GREAT P>TY ( ! TOIL]S10 & ALSO 9 ?AT S5SE ?AT ,KROPOTK91 ,MALATE/A1 & O!R MILITANTS FROM \R MOVEM5T1 ESPECIALLY FROM ! OLD] G5]ATION ( ITS F\ND+ FA!RS1 TALK AB\T ! 0AN>*I/ P>TY04 ,9 ?AT S5SE1 ! 0AN>*I/ P>TY0 HAS ALWAYS BE5 ) US2 FUR!RMORE1 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 WE HAVE ALWAYS HAD ORGANIZATIONS1 WELL-DEF9$ ORGANIZATIONS 9DE$1 SU* AS F$]ATIONS ( GR\PS1 EMBRAC+ ALL ! GR\PS 9 A T[N1 REGION OR C\NTRY4 ,SU* F$]ATIONS HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ! CU/OM>Y =M ( AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION ACROSS ! WORLD4  

,9 ?IS RESPECT1 NEI!R ! S*EME SPELL$ \T 9 ! 
0,PLAT=M0 ( \R ,RUSSIAN COMRADES1 NOR ! MODE ( ORGANIZATION ADOPT$ BY ! 
 ,UNION ,AN>*I/E AT ITS LA/ CONGRESS IMPLY ANY?+ NOVEL4 ,BUT !RE IS ONE NOVELTY & IT IS ?IS4 ,! 
0,PLAT=M0 AIMS TO AM5D !  ESS5TIAL *>ACT] ( ! BOND :I* HAS HI!RTO B\ND AN>*I/ GR\PS TOGE!R1 & TO *ANGE ?IS UNSPOK5 0CON/ITUTION0 ?AT HAS ALWAYS OBTA9$ 9 \R RANKS & :I*1 UNCONTROV]SIALLY1 LIKE SOME?+ SELF-EVID5T1 LAY AT ! ROOT ( EV]Y AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION4 ,9 !IR YE>N+ TO TI<T5 ! BONDS BETWE5 MILITANTS1 ! AU?ORS ( ! 
0,PLAT=M0 PROPOSE TO LAUN* A NEW MODEL ( AN>*I/ 0P>TY0 ALONG L9ES ESP\S$ BY O!R P>TIES1 ) B9D+ DECISIONS MADE BY MAJORITY VOTE1 A C5TRAL LEAD]%IP COMMITTEE1 ETC4 ,SU* A P>TY \<T1 AS !Y SEE IT1 TO CURE ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ( MO/ ( ! ILLS ?AT BESET IT4  

,IT IS SURPRIS+ TO SEE ?AT ! EXP]I5CE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 :I* HAS DEMON/RAT$ ) SPECTACUL>ITY ! 9APPROPRIAT5ESS ( A P>TY DICTATOR%IP AS ! PILOT ( SOCIAL LIFE1 HAS NOT JU/ L$ !SE COMRADES TO ASK3 :AT O!R ORGANIZATIONS %\LD HAVE PRIDE ( PLACE 9 ! WORK ( ! REVOLUTION1 BUT1 ON ! O!R H&1 HAS 9SPIR$ 9 !M AN ASPIRATION TO A /RONG1 C5TRALIZ$ P>TY4 ,& ! SAME GOES = \R ,FR5* COMRADES4 ,WE KN[ ?AT ! 
 ,UNION ,AN>*I/E AT ITS CONGRESS 9 ,ORLEANS HAS ADOPT$ A DECL>ATION ( PR9CIPLES BY :I* IT PLA9LY BROKE RANKS ) ! AN>*I/S ( ! 9DIVIDUALI/ S*OOL & PROCLAIM$ A S]IES ( BASIC PROPOSITIONS REG>D+ BO? AN>*ISM'S SOCIAL IDEAL & ITS CAMPAIGN ME?ODS4 ,AT ! MO/ REC5T CONGRESS1 ! DECL>ATION HAS BE5 5DORS$ AS ! F\NDATION *>ACT] ( ! ,UNION4 ,?AT WAS NOT 5\< = ! CONGRESS1 & IT SAW FIT TO DRAW UP 
/ATUTES1 & IT IS H]E ?AT ! C5TRALIZ+ T5D5CY AT ODDS NOT JU/ ) AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES 9 G5]AL1 BUT ALSO ) ! TEXT ( ! V]Y 0*>T]0 ?AT HAD JU/ BE5 ADOPT$1 %[$ ITSELF4  

,FROM ! \TSET1 ! ,ORLEANS DECL>ATION ANN\NCES ?AT ! AU?ORITY PR9CIPLE IS ! ROOT ( ALL SOCIAL ILLS1 ?AT C5TRALISM HAS MANIFE/LY FAIL$1 POLITICALLY & ECONOMICALLY1 & ?AT ! FREE COMMUNE & FREE F$]ATION ( COMMUNES MU/ =M ! BASIS ( ! SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE2 = ITS P>T1 ! COMMUNE %\LD BE SIMPLY ! GAMUT ( ! V>I\S ASSOCIATIONS EXI/+ 9 ! SAME >EA4 ,ALL C5TRALISM IS1 AS A MATT] ( PR9CIPLE1 /RICK5 FROM SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 :I* %\LD BE SUPPLE 5\< = EA* 9DIVIDUAL 9SIDE ! ASSOCIATION1 & EA* ASSOCIATION 9SIDE ! F$]ATION TO 5JOY COMPLETE FRE$OM4 ,ALL ( :I* IS UNANIM\SLY ACCEPT$ BY ALL AN>*I/S1 &1 IF ! AU?ORS ( ! 
,ORLEANS DECL>ATION HAVE SE5 FIT TO 5UNCIATE !SE TRU?S YET AGA91 IT WAS = PROPAG&A PURPOSES4 ,& WE W]E 5TITL$ TO EXPECT 0/ATUTES0 CONSONANT ) !SE PR9CIPLES4 ,BUT ?AT WAS NOT ! CASE4 ,?9K+ TO CREATE SOME?+ NEW1 \R COMRADES HAVE V5TUR$ ON ! BEAT5 TRACKS ( O!R P>TIES4  

,= A />T1 9 ! ,UNION1 DECISIONS >E REA*$ 
 BY MAJORITY VOTE4 ,?IS QUE/ION ( MAJORITY IS SOMETIMES REG>D$ AS A M]E DETAIL1 A H&Y WAY ( RESOLV+ ISSUES4 ,N[1 IT IS ( CAPITAL IMPORTANCE1 = IT IS 9SEP>ABLY B\ND UP ) ! V]Y NOTION ( A SOCIETY )\T P[]4 ,9 !IR CRITIQUE ( ALL =MS ( ! ,/ATE1 EV5 ! MO/ DEMOCRATIC1 AN>*I/S OP]ATE FROM ! PR9CIPLE ?AT 
 DECISIONS TAK5 BY ONE GR\P ( 9DIVIDUALS CANNOT BE B9D+ UPON O!RS1 :O HAVE NOT REA*$ !M & :O >E NOT 9 AGREEM5T ) !M 
- & IT IS ( NO MATT] :E!R !Y >E REA*$ BY A MAJORITY OR BY A M9ORITY4 ,IT IS ( C\RSE PO9TLESS TO 5T] H]E 9TO A REHE>SAL ( ALL ! >GUM5TS1 ) :I* \R LIT]ATURE IS AWA%1 AGA9/ ! MAJORITY PR9CIPLE2 ALL COMRADES >E CONV]SANT ) !SE1 ESPECIALLY AS !Y MAKE DAILY USE ( !M TO EXPOSE ! FICTITI\S *>ACT] ( POPUL> REPRES5TATION UND] P>LIAM5T>Y REGIME4 ,H[ COME !N1 ?AT ?IS PR9CIPLE1 :OSE ABSURDITY & UNFAIRNESS >E SO PLA9 :]E ! FUTURE SOCIETY IS CONC]N$1 TURNS B5EFICIAL & FAIR :5 IT IS TO BE APPLI$ TO \R [N CIRCLES8 ,EI!R ! MAJORITY IS ALWAYS 5TITL$ TO PREVAIL1 OR WE %\LD DROP ?IS >I?METIC ( TRU?FULNESS & LOOK >\ND = ANO!R ONE4  

,9 !IR 9FATUATION ) ORGANIZATION1 \R COMRADES OV]LOOK ! FACT ?AT1 9/EAD ( /R5G!N+ ! UNION1 ! OV]RUL+ ( ! M9ORITY WILL M]ELY GIVE RISE TO FRE% 9TE/9AL /RUGGLES2 9/EAD ( WORK+ PRODUCTIVELY1 5]GIES WILL BE SQU&]$ ON W9N+ A MAJORITY 9 CONGRESSES1 COMMITTEES1 ETC4 ,& UND]/&ABLY SO4 ,LIFE 9SIDE ! P>TY IS1 9 !SE CONDITIONS1 EASY ONLY = ! MEMB]S ( ! PREVAIL+ MAJORITY4 ,! O!RS >E /YMI$ :5 IT COMES TO !IR ACTION4 ,MOREOV]1 ! RESOLUTION FROM ! CONGRESS ( ! ,UNION /ATES ?IS V]Y BLUNTLY1 BY PROCLAIM+ ?AT1 :ILE 5TITL$ TO CRITICIZE ! RESOLUTIONS TABL$1 ! M9ORITY \<T NOT1 ONCE !SE HAD BE5 PASS$1 TO IMP$E !IR IMPLEM5TATION4 ,?AT MEANS ?AT ! M9ORITY HAS TO HOLD ITS PEACE OR QUIT ! P>TY1 & !N1 9/EAD ( A S+LE P>TY1 WE HAVE TWO1 USUALLY MORE V5OM\S ) EA* O!R ?AN ) ! COMMON 5EMY4 ,ANO!R RESOLUTION FROM ! CONGRESS /ATES ?AT !RE %\LD BE NO CRITICISM VOIC$ \TSIDE ( ! ORGANIZATION & ?AT NOBODY HAS ! RI<T TO MAKE USE ( ! COLUMNS ( 
,LE ,LIB]TAIRE TO CRITICIZE ! DECISIONS REA*$4 ,N[1 ,LE ,LIB]TAIRE IS ! (FICIAL ORGAN ( ! ,UNION1 & AS SU*1 %\LD REFLECT ! VIEWS EXI/+ )9 ! LATT]4 ,IT OCCUPIES A QUITE DIFF]5T POSITION FROM ?AT ( AN ORGAN F\ND$ BY A GR\P ( COMRADES PRETTY WELL AGRE$ UPON PROPAGATION ( 
 !IR VIEWS2 !SE COMRADES >E P]FECTLY 5TITL$ NOT TO ACCOMMODATE OPPOS+ VOICES 9 !IR ORGAN1 9 ?AT !Y CLAIM TO REPRES5T NO ONE BUT !MSELVES4 ,?AT IS H[ ?+S W]E 9 ! OLD 
,LE ,LIB]TAIRE1 9 ,LES ,TEMPS ,N\VEAUX & VIRTUALLY ALL ! ORGANS ( ! AN>*I/ PRESS4 ,BUT :5EV] A NEWSPAP] /YLES ITSELF ! ORGAN ( ! ,UNION ( ! AN>*I/ F$]ATIONS ( ! :OLE ( ,FRANCE1 ALL ! MEMB]S ( ?AT ,UNION HAVE ?AT 5TITLEM5T4 ,N[1 ! RESOLUTION PASS$ PLA9LY %[S ?AT SU* AN 5TITLEM5T IS ACKN[L$G$ ONLY :]E ! MAJORITY IS CONC]N$4  

,AL?\< \R AN>*I/ MOVEM5T MAY BE OP5 TO REPROA* ON SEV]AL C\NTS1 WE HAVE TO GIVE IT ITS DUE3 IT HAS ALWAYS BE5 FREE ( CONGRESSIONAL 9TRIGUES1 ELECTORAL *ICAN]Y1 ! >TIFICIAL CULTIVATION ( MAJORITIES1 ETC4 ,& ?AT ?ANKS SOLELY TO ! PR9CIPLE ?AT HAS PREVAIL$ )9 IT UP TO N[1 TO WIT1 ?AT 
 DECISIONS >E B9D+ ONLY UPON ?OSE :O HAVE TAK5 !M1 & MAY NOT BE IMPOS$ UPON ?OSE UNWILL+ TO ACCEPT !M4 ,! =CE ( SU* DECISIONS & ! COMMITM5T GIV5 >E ALL ! GREAT] = ?AT1 9 ?AT EA* 9DIVIDUAL IS MORE S5SIBLE ( A DECISION TAK5 BY !MSELVES ?AN ( SOME DECISION REA*$ )\T !IR 9PUT & V]Y (T5 CONTR>Y TO !IR WI%ES4  

,WE MAY P]HAPS BE TOLD3 0IF COMRADES B& TOGE!R ON A PROP]LY ?\<T \T & 
WELL-DRAFT$ PROGRAM1 ACCEPT$ BY EV]YBODY1 DIFF]5CES ( OP9ION WILL RELATE ONLY TO DETAILS & ! SACRIFICE ASK$ ( ! M9ORITY WILL BE M9IMAL40 ,?IS IS F> FROM ALWAYS BE+ ! CASE4 ,EV]YDAY LIFE POSES FRE% PROBLEMS1 SOMETIMES V]Y IMPORTANT ONES1 BUT :I* W]E NOT =SEEABLE AT ! TIME :5 ! COMPACT WAS 5T]$ 9TO2 DIFF]+ REPLIES MAY P]HAPS BE =?COM+ TO SU* PROBLEMS4 ,?US1 9 ! DAYS GONE BY1 ! AN>*I/S ( ,FRANCE W]E SPLIT OV] ! TRADE UNION MOVEM5T1 MORE REC5TLY OV] ! W>1 & ! AN>*I/S 9 ,RUSSIA 
- OV] ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 ! ATTITUDE TO BE ADOPT$ REG>D+ ,BOL%EVISM1 ETC4 ,IF1 AT ?OSE PO9TS1 AN>*I/S HAD BE5 0B&$ TOGE!R 9TO A REAL P>TY10 W\LD A CONGRESS DECISION UPON QUE/IONS ( ?AT GRAVITY HAVE BE5 ACCEPT$ BY EV]YONE8 ,!SE MATT]S >E = ! 9DIVIDUAL CONSCI5CE & ITS CONCEPTION ( ! REVOLUTION2 9 :I* CASE1 CAN A ME*ANICAL DECISION TAK5 BY A MAJORITY PREVAIL8  

,/ILL ANO!R T5D5CY IS EM]G+1 ) REG>D TO ! 9TRODUCTION ( ! MAJORITY PR9CIPLE & ! LIMITATION ( ! AUTONOMY ( ! GR\PS3 IT W\LD LIKE TO SEE ALL AN>*I/ 9ITIATIVES OV]SE5 BY A S+LE ORGANIZATION ( ! HI]>*ICAL TYPE1 HEAD$ BY A S+LE ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE4 ,! /ATUSES ADOPT$ BY ! MO/ REC5T ,UNION CONGRESS CONTA9 A S]IES ( PROPOSITIONS ?AT S\ND PECULI> TO \R E>S4 ,TAKE1 SAY1 GR\PS BELONG+ TO ! M9ORITY1 :I* IS TO SAY1 NOT ACCEPT+ SOME RESOLUTION PASS$ BY ! CONGRESS4 ,?AT M9ORITY'S RI<T TO CRITICIZE IS 9DE$ ACKN[L$G$ 7SO F>1 AT ANY RATE7 BUT ITS CRITICISMS MU/ BE ADDRESS$ EXCLUSIVELY TO ! ,F$]ATION TO :I* ! GR\P BELONGS 7& TO :I* IT IS OBLIG$ TO BELONG IF IT WI%ES TO BE AP>T ( ! ,UNION7 OR TO ! C5TRAL /E]+ COMMISSION 0:I* ALONE HAS ! COMPET5CE TO GIVE !M A HE>+ & SATISFACTION40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! M9ORITY IS NOT 5TITL$ SIMPLY & OP5LY TO P$DLE ITS VIEWS AMONG ! COMRADES 7NOT TO M5TION ! PUBLIC72 IT HAS TO ADDRESS ITSELF TO ! BODIES NAM$1 FOLL[+ HI]>*ICAL PROC$URE4 ,LIKEWISE1 ! UNFETT]$ 9ITIATIVE ( GR\PS T5DS EV]Y:]E TO BE REPLAC$ BY ! PR9CIPLES ( ELECTION & DELEGATION2 NO ONE MU/ ATTEMPT ANY?+ AT ALL UNLESS ! HAVE ! AU?ORIZATION FROM ! COMPET5T ORGANIZATION4 ,A NEWSPAP]1 A REVIEW1 SAY1 MAY NOT SPR+ 9TO LIFE ?R\< ! DECISION ( A GR\P OR 9DIVIDUAL1 !Y CAN ONLY BE PUBLI%$ BY ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION DELEGATES & MU/ REFLECT ONLY ! ?9K+ 5DORS$ AT ITS CONGRESSES4 ,! SAME HOLDS TRUE = ! PUBLICATION ( BOOKS OR PAMPHLETS1 = LECTURES1 CLUBS1 EV5 AID FUNDS = IMPRISON$ COMRADES4 ,AT FIR/ GLANCE1 ?IS 0ORGANIZATION0 APPE>S TO C]TA9 M9DS TO BE A HI<LY PRACTICAL ?+4 ,BUT 9 PO9T ( FACT SU* RULES 7IF AN>*I/ CIRCLES PROV$ CAPABLE ( ABID+ BY !M7 W\LD 5D UP KILL+ (F ! MOVEM5T COMPLETELY4 ,TAKE A GR\P ( COMRADES 9T5D+ TO SET UP A PROPAG&A NEWSPAP] & POSSESS$ ( ! :]E)AL TO DO SO4 ,!Y HAVE NO RI<T TO DO SO2 !Y MU/ FIR/ SEEK ! APPROVAL ( ! EXI/+ ORGANIZATION AS A BODY & 9VITE ! LATT] TO TAKE *>GE ( PUBLICATION4 ,LET US SUPPOSE ?AT ! LATT] AGREES & APPO9TS ITS DELEGATES TO ?AT 5D4 ,=TUNATELY ! IDEAS ( ! 9/IGATORS >E 9 TUNE ) ?OSE ( ! ORGANIZATION'S MAJORITY2 !N !Y NE$ ONLY YIELD POSSESSION ( ! PLANN$ PUBLICATION & PASS IT ON TO O!RS' H&S 7:I* IS NOT ALWAYS A GOOD MOVE EI!R74 ,BUT :AT IF ?OSE DELEGATES1 SPEAK+ = ! MAJORITY1 >E NOT ( ! SAME M9D AS ! 9/IGAT+ GR\P8 ,!N ! LATT] HAS BUT ONE OPTION3 TO DIS[N ! PUBLICATION4 ,& ! NEWSPAP] NEV] SEES ! LI<T ( DAY4 ,9/EAD1 :5EV] A GR\P EMB>KS UPON A PUBLICATION AT ITS [N RISK & P]IL1 ?OSE :OSE ASPIRATIONS IT MEETS RALLY >\ND IT1 DISSEM9ATE IT1 & MAGNIFY ITS SCOPE = EXPANSION4 ,O!RS1 ( DIFF]+ VIEWS1 SET UP O!R ORGANS1 & SU* V>IETY ( ! AN>*I/ PRESS1 F> FROM H>M+ PROPAG&A1 SIMPLY WORKS TO ITS B5EFIT4  

,TAKE A GR\P ( COMRADES :O WANT TO PUBLI% BOOKS OR ORGANIZE LECTURES4 0,ON :OSE AU?ORITY80 !Y >E ASK$4 0,WE FIR/ ( ALL MU/ F9D \T IF ! EXI/+ AGREE TO PLACE Y\ 9 *>GE ( ?IS & !Y 5DORSE Y\R PROGRAM40 ,WORK GR9DS TO A HALT4 ,DISCUSSION BEG9S 9SIDE ! GR\PS ON ! DRAFT+ ( A NUMB] ( PROGRAMS4 ,9 ! 5D1 AS !RE IS NO WAY TO KEEP EV]YBODY HAPPY1 ! V5TURE IS ABORT$ & ITS 9/IGATORS >E = A LONG TIME RID ( !IR APPETITE = LAUN*+ ANY?+ AT ALL4  

,ONLY UTT] IGNORANCE ( ! HI/ORY AD LIFE ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T C\LD EXPLA9 ! ]UPTION ( SU* S*EMES = 0ORGANIZATION04 ,EV]Y?+ VALUABLE & LA/+ EV] CREAT$ 9 \R MOVEM5T HAS BE5 ! H&IWORK ( GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS WELL 5D[$ ) ! 9ITIATIVE TO PRESS ON )\T WAIT+ = AU?ORIZATION FROM ANYBODY4 ,?AT IS ! WAY ! F9E/ ORGANS ( ! AN>*I/ PRESS HAVE BE5 CREAT$2 ! WAY ?AT PROPAG&A BEGAN 9 ! TRADE UNIONS ?AT L$ ON TO ! CREATION ( REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM2 ! WAY ?AT ! AN>*I/ IDEA HAS SURVIV$1 9 ITS PURITY & ITS LOGIC1 9SIDE C]TA9 GR\PS ( /AUN* CONVICTIONS1 9 SPITE ( ALL ! DES]TIONS & BETRAYALS4 ,IT DOES NOT LIE )9 ! P[] ( ANY ME*ANICAL ORGANIZATION TO REPLACE ?IS 9ITIATIVE4 ,! ROLE ( AN ORGANIZATION IS TO FACILITATE ! WORK ( 9DIVIDUALS & NOT TO H9D] IT2 ?IS IS ALL ! MORE TRUE 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 :I* IS NOT /R+ 5\< NUM]ICALLY TO 9DULGE 9 H9D]+ ! ACTIONS ( ITS MEMB]S & SQU&] PRECI\S RES\RCES4 ,:I* IS H[ ! T5D5CY ?AT EM]G$ AT ! LATE/ ,UNION ,AN>*I/E CONGRESS WILL 9EVITABLY 5D UP4  

,:AT ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T NE$S RI<T N[1 IS NOT SO MU* NEW ORGANIZATIONAL =MULAS AS A CONCRETE1 WELL-DEF9$ PROGRAM ( WORK TO BE UND]TAK51 JU/ AS SOON1 9 ! WAKE ( ! SUCCESSFUL REVOLUTION1 !RE WILL BE SCOPE = EV]Y 9ITIATIVE 9 ! 5DEAVOR TO CREATE ! NEW SOCIETY4 ,ONLY FAMILI>ITY ) :AT !Y >E TO PROPOSE AT ?AT CRUCIAL PO9T WILL GU>ANTEE AN>*I/S ! 9FLU5CE TO :I* !IR IDEAS 5TITLE !M4 ,= ?IS1 9ITIATIVES MU/ NOT BE /IFL$ & M9DS SNUFF$ \T1 BUT 9/EAD1 A FREE & LIVELY EX*ANGE ( ALL VIEWS IS TO BE 5C\RAG$4 ,O!RWISE1 5]GIES WILL BE SQU&]$ ON ! PETT9ESS ( 9T]NAL FRICTIONS & ! MOVEM5T WILL NOT BE ADVANC$ BY A S+LE /EP4  

,IT IS ALWAYS EASY TO CRITICIZE1 SOME COMRADES MAY P]HAPS OBJECT2 IT IS A LOT H>D] 
- & MORE USEFUL - TO PUT =W>D A PRACTICAL MODE ( ORGANIZATION ?AT W\LD HELP RID \R MOVEM5T ( :AT KEEPS IT WEAK4 ,C]TA9 COMRADES SEEK TO DO ?AT BY CREAT+ A MORE OR LESS C5TRALIZ$ P>TY1 BAS$ ON ! MAJORITY PR9CIPLE2 O!RS 
- & ! WRIT] ( !SE L9ES IS ONE ( !M - BELIEVE ?AT SU* A P>TY W\LD BE MORE H>MFUL ?AN 
USEFUL 7#a74 ,( C\RSE1 !Y DO NOT D5Y EI!R ! NE$ = AN>*I/S TO G5]ALLY GET ORGANIZ$1 OR ! NE$ TO RID ! MOVEM5T ( ! FLAWS ?AT /OP IF FROM ACQUIR+ ! SOCIAL 9FLU5CE TO :I* ITS IDEAS 5TITLE IT4 ,BUT :AT =M ( ORGANIZATION HAVE !Y TO (F] 9 PLACE ( ! ONE SUGGE/$ BY ! 
0,PLAT=M10 & UPON :AT PR9CIPLES >E !Y GO+ TO F\ND ?AT ORGANIZATION1 :I* !Y W\LD >GUE IS MORE FREE1 9 ORD] TO A*IEVE ! SAME \TCOMES3 AGREEM5T ON PR9CIPLES1 A PRESCRIB$ POLICY ( PRACTICAL ACTION1 & APPRECIATION BY EA* 9DIVIDUAL ( !IR DUTIES T[>DS ! MOVEM5T8  

,! FUNDAM5TAL ]ROR ( ?OSE ( \R COMRADES :O >E SUPPORT]S ( ! 
0,PLAT=M0 RESIDES P]HAPS 9 ! FACT ?AT !Y LOOK TO A UNION ( GR\PS & EV5 TO A DIRECT+ 
C5T] = ! REHABILITATION ( \R MOVEM5T1 9/EAD ( LOOK+ TO ! GR\PS !MSELVES4 ,IT IS NOT ( ! F$]ATION BY RA!R ( ! GR\PS :I* MAKE IT UP ?AT WE CAN REQUIRE SU* & SU* A POLICY L9E3 ! MOVEM5T'S 
C5T] ( GRAVITY LIES !RE1 ! F$]ATION WILL BE :ATEV] ITS COMPON5T GR\PS >E4 ,& :5EV] ISSUES >E BROA*$ & DEBAT$1 NOT AT ! LEVEL ( ! F$]ATION1 BUT AT GR\P LEVEL1 SOLUTION ( !M WILL BE GREATLY FACILITAT$3 A GR\P CAN READILY DO :AT A HUGE ORGANIZATION CANNOT4 ,! DEVIS+ ( A S+LE POLICY L9E = A COMPLETE F$]ATION PRES5TS 9SUP]ABLE DIFFICULTIES1 = IT PRESUPPOSES DECISIONS TAK5 BY A MAJORITY VOTE & ?US1 9EVITABLY1 9VOLVES 9T]NAL FRICTIONS4 ,RECRUITM5T ( MEMB]S & ! ELIM9ATION ( UNDESIRABLES :OSE PRES5CE COMPROMISES ! MOVEM5T1 IS A TASK ?AT ! F$]ATION'S LEAD]%IP BODY IS 9CAPABLE ( C>RY+ \T ) SUCCESS4 ,ANY MORE ?AN IT IS CAPABLE ( 5SUR+ ?AT ! ACTION ( ALL ITS MEMB]S CON=MS TO AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES4 ,BUT ALL ( ?AT CAN BE EASILY & NATURALLY ACCOMPLI%$ BY EA* GR\P )9 ITS RANKS4 ,SO ! PREMI] ISSUE TO BE RESOLV$ IS ?IS ONE3 :AT >E ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES UPON :I* AN AN>*I/ GR\P CAN BASE ITS EXI/5CE8  

,!RE IS NO WAY ?AT A SWEEP+ ANSW]1 GOOD = ALL GR\PS1 CAN BE GIV5 TO ?AT1 = ! ANSW] MI<T V>Y GREATLY ACCORD+ TO ! GOALS PURSU$ BY ! GR\P & ! CONTEXT 9 :I* IT OP]ATES1 DEP5D+ :E!R ! GR\P WAS SET UP TO TACKLE A P>TICUL> PRACTICAL TASK OR G5]AL PROPAG&A1 :E!R IT OP]ATES 9 A P]IOD ( CALM OR A TIME ( REVOLUTION1 :E!R IT OP]ATES OP5LY OR 9 CL&E/9E FA%ION1 ETC4 ,BUT1 EV5 SO1 A FEW G5]AL CONSID]ATIONS CAN BE FRAM$4  

,TAKE ?IS FIR/ QUE/ION3 IS IT DESIRABLE ?AT ! GR\P %\LD COMPRISE ( COMRADES ) A COMMON CONCEPTION ( ! AN>*I/ IDEAS1 OR CAN AN>*I/S ( V>Y+ P]SUASIONS 7COMMUNI/S1 9DIVIDUALI/S1 ETC47 REALLY WORK 9 CONC]T )9 IT8 ,?IS ISSUE WAS RAIS$ AT ! MO/ REC5T AN>*I/ CONGRESS4 ,C]TA9 COMRADES RECKON ?AT1 S9CE EA* ( ! EXI/+ AN>*I/ T5D5CIES CONTA9S A K]NEL ( TRU?1 IT W\LD BE BETT] NOT TO DWELL UPON !IR DISCREPANCIES BUT 9/EAD TO 0SYN!SIZE0 EV]Y?+ ?AT LOOKS WOR?:ILE1 SO AS TO >RIVE AT A BASIS = JO9T ACTIVITY4 ,AT FIR/ SI<T1 ?IS APPROA* SEEMS V]Y LOGICAL & P]FECTLY PRACTICAL1 BUT UPON REFLECTION1 IT TRANSPIRES ?AT UNITY TAK5 9 ?AT S5SE W\LD BE M]ELY =MAL4 ,( C\RSE1 CIRCUM/ANCES MAY >ISE 9 :I* AN>*I/S ( DIFF]+ %ADES ( OP9ION WILL ACT 9 CONC]T1 BUT ! SAME GOES = ALL REVOLUTION>IES 9 G5]AL3 ! AN>*I/S 9 FACT COLLABORAT$ ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 ! FI<T AGA9/ ! ,:ITE >MIES4 ,SU* 9/ANCES WILL ALWAYS BE FREQU5T 9 TIMES ( REVOLUTION2 SU* >RANGEM5TS1 MO/ (T5 TACIT1 >E ?US QUITE NATURAL & NECESS>Y1 BUT :5 IT COMES D[N TO LA/+ ACTIVITY IS A P]IOD ( CALM1 AGREEM5T UPON BASIC PR9CIPLES IS NOT 5\<4 ,SUPPOSE ?AT AN 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*I/1 & AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ & AN AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ REA* AGREEM5T UPON DECL>+ !IR OPPOSITION TO ! ,/ATE & !IR APPROVAL ( ! COMMUNI/ =M ( PROP]TY 7ASSUM+ ?AT ! 9DIVIDUALI/ AGREES TO IT72 ( :AT PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE W\LD ?IS BE1 S9CE !Y IMM$IATELY GO !IR SEP>ATE WAYS AFT]W>DS8 ,! 9DIVIDUALI/ IS PREOCCUPI$ ) LIB]AT+ ! 9DIVIDUAL ?IS V]Y DAY1 9 ! EXI/+ SOCIAL CONTEXT 7COLONIES1 LIV+ 9 NATURE1 FREE LOVE1 ETC471 CONTEMPTU\S ( ! MASSES & !IR MOVEM5TS1 !Y >E NOT GO+ TO ID5TIFY ) !M4 ,SO :AT C\LD !Y UND]TAKE 9 COMMON ) !IR COMMUNI/ COLLEAGUE8 ,!N AGA91 A PURE SYNDICALI/ COMRADE WILL PLACE /ORE ONLY BY 
LABOR MOVEM5T TASKS & WILL COLLABORATE ONLY ) C]TA9 ( !IR COMMUNI/ COLLEAGUES2 !Y MAY EV5 F9D !MSELVES AT ODDS ) !M1 ON ! ISSUE ( RELATIONS BETWE5 ! TRADE UNIONS & ! AN>*I/ GR\PS = 9/ANCE4 ,& SO IT ALL GOES4 ,9 DAY TO DAY ACTION1 ! ME?ODS PROP] TO SU* & SU* A T5D5CY PLAY SU* A SIGNIFICANT ROLE ?AT AGREEM5T UPON G5]AL PR9CIPLES ACKN[L$G$ BY ALL IS F> FROM SUFFICI5T4 ,:5 DISAGREEM5TS 9SIDE A GR\P >E SUB/ANTIAL & DO NOT RELATE M]ELY TO ! USE ( C]TA9 LABELS1 !Y H9D] ! ACTION ( ! GR\P1 = ! MEMB]S1 BE+ UNIT$ NEI!R 9 !IR PROPAG&A NOR 9 !IR *OS5 ME?ODS1 EXP5D 
A LOT ( 5]GY UPON 9T]NAL WRANGL+4 ,A TRULY UNIT$ GR\P1 ?\<1 MADE UP ( COMRADES :O HAVE NO NE$ = FUR!R DEBATE AB\T ! MO/ ESS5TIAL PO9TS & :O1 COME :AT MAY1 >E AS ONE ON PROPAG&A & ACTION1 ?AT SORT ( GR\P CAN BECOME HI<LY 9FLU5TIAL1 EV5 IF IT MAY NOT BE NUM]ICALLY L>GE4 ,BY COMP>ISON1 O!R GR\PS ( A DIFF]5T M5TALITY WILL F\ND]2 NOT ?AT !RE IS ANY LOSS 9 ?AT1 = !RE IS NO?+ USEFUL AB\T TRY+ TO 5FOLD ! L>GE/ POSSIBLE NUMB] ( COMRADES )9 ! SAME ORGANIZATION4  

,R&OM RECRUITM5T ( MEMB]S IS1 P]HAPS1 ! PRIME CAUSE ( ! DEFECTS ( MO/ GR\PS4 ,V]Y (T51 PEOPLE BECOME AN>*I/S ALL TOO EASILY & ALL TOO QUICKLY1 )\T HAV+ FAMILI>IZ$ !MSELVES ) O!R S*OOLS ( SOCIALISM1 NOR 9DE$ ) AN>*ISM 9 ! ESS5TIALS ( ITS !ORIES4 ,?AT WAY1 9 ! FUTURE1 = ONESELF & = COMRADES1 LIE SORE DISAPPO9TM5TS1 =1 AS ONE'S KN[L$GE EXP&S & ONE'S HORIZON WID5S1 IT MAY P]HAPS BE F\ND ?AT ONE HAS GONE A/RAY & ?AT ONE PR(ESS$ TO BE AN AN>*I/ ONLY \T ( IGNORANCE ( EV]Y?+ ELSE4 ,ONE DAY1 A ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>Y WAS ASK$1 9 MY PRES5CE1 AT :AT PO9T 9 HIS LIFE HE HAD CEAS$ TO BE A ,M>XI/3 0,:5 ,I BEGAN TO READ SOME?+ O!R ?AN ,M>X0 WAS ! ANSW]4  

,?+S MAY BE A LOT MORE S]I\S IF IT IS NOT JU/ A MATT] ( SOME !ORY ?AT ONE ACCEPTS OR REJECTS1 BUT AT A CAUSE TO :I* ONE HAS DEVOT$ P>T ( ONE'S LIFE & :I* ONE AT SOME PO9T FEELS 9CAPABLE ( *AMPION+ BECAUSE ONE HAD NEV] GIV5 PRIOR CONSID]ATION TO ! CRITICISMS ( ADV]S>IES4 ,!N AGA91 ! LIFE ( GR\PS IS (T5 MADE DIFFICULT BY AN EXCESS ( PRACTICAL M5TALITY2 ONE ACCEPTS SU* & SU* A COMRADE ON ACC\NT ( ! S]VICES HE MAY R5D] 7AS SPEAK]1 !ORETICIAN1 ADM9I/RATOR1 ETC47 )\T TAK+ C>E TO 5SURE ?AT !IR OV]ALL MORAL OR 9TELLECTUAL PR(ILE MEETS ! GR\PS REQUIREM5TS4  

,PLA9LY1 SU* CLOSE SCRUT9Y 9 ! SELECTION ( MEMB]S CAN BE MA9TA9$ ONLY BY ! GR\P & NOT BY ! F$]ATION1 & NO F$]AL /ATUTE WILL EV] BE ABLE TO GU>ANTEE IT4 ,BUT1 IF IT IS IMPLEM5T$ 9 ! F$]ATION'S COMPON5T GR\PS1 ! F$]ATION WILL F9D ?AT MANY ?ORNY QUE/IONS RESOLVE !MSELVES4  

,9 \R CONCEPTION1 ! BOND BETWE5 ! V>I\S GR\P+S IS ABSOLUTELY FREE & >ISES FROM !IR NE$S ALONE2 !RE IS NO 
C5T]1 NO SECRET>IAT 5TITL$ TO DICTATE TO ! GR\PS ) :I*1 9 SOME %APE & ON SOME BASIS1 !Y MU/ UNITE4 ,L9KS MAY BE E/ABLI%$ = A WIDE V>IETY ( REASONS3 LIKEM9D$NESS1 CONC]T$ ACTION1 T]RITORIAL CONTIGUITY1 ETC4 ,G5]ALLY1 ! RULE IS ?AT GR\PS FROM ! SAME REGION >E 9 T\* ) ONE & O!R1 BUT IT CAN HAPP5 7& WE HAVE SE5 EXAMPLES ( ?IS7 ?AT A ,P>IS GR\P HAS CLOS] BONDS ( SOLID>ITY ) A ,LONDON OR ,G5EVA GR\P ?AN ) A GR\P 9 ! NEXT DI/RICT4 ,BROADLY SPEAK+1 SET FRAMEWORKS1 :]E EA* GR\P IS OBLIG$ TO BELONG TO SU* & SU* A F$]ATION1 & EA* F$]ATION TO MA9TA9 L9KS ) ITS NEI<BOR ?R\< ! OBLIGATORY M$IATION ( SU* & SU* A COMMITTEE CAN BE A V]Y USEFUL AG5CY 9 ! FACILITATION ( COMMUNICATIONS1 BUT IT IS M]ELY A TOOL TO BE US$ :5 ONE FEELS IT NECESS>Y4  

,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T HAS ALWAYS HAD CONGRESSES2 !Y CAN BE ( V]Y GREAT IMPORTANCE IF !Y >ISE FROM ! ACTIVITY ( 
 PREEXI/+ GR\PS :I* FEEL ! NE$ TO %>E !IR WORK & !IR IDEAS4 ,C]TA9 ESPECIAL FEATURES ( \R CONGRESSES RELATE TO ! V]Y PR9CIPLE ( AN>*ISM4 ,?US1 UP TO ! PRES5T1 COMRADES ASSEMBL+ = A CONGRESS DID NOT NECESS>ILY HAVE TO BE 
 DELEGAT$ BY ! GR\PS2 !Y C\LD P>TICIPATE 9 AN 9DIVIDUAL 
CAPACITY4 7#b7 ,CONTR>Y TO ! PRACTICE 9 O!R P>TIES1 :]E DELEGATES TAKE AWAY 
 FROM ! CONGRESS RESOLUTIONS TO :I* !IR M&AT>IES HAVE M]ELY TO SUBMIT1 AN>*I/ DELEGATES BR+ 
 TO ! CONGRESS ! RESOLUTIONS1 OP9IONS & T5D5CIES ( !IR RESPECTIVE GR\PS4 ,CONGRESS IS FREE TO EXPRESS AN OP9ION ( !M 
- BUT ?AT IS ALL4 ,! C\NT+ ( ! VOTES 7%\LD ?AT BE JUDG$ USEFUL7 IS M]ELY A /ATI/ICAL EX]CISE2 IT MAY BE 9T]E/+ TO KN[ H[ MANY COMRADES1 BELONG+ TO :I* GR\P+1 COME D[N ON ?IS SIDE ( ! O!R4 ,! IMPORTANCE ( CONGRESSES IS 9 NO WAY DIM9I%$1 & !IR WORK ONLY GR[S MORE S]I\S4 ,9/EAD ( FURNI%+ AN >5A = GAMBITS DESIGN$ TO W9 A MAJORITY1 !Y CAN DEVOTE !MSELVES TO MAK+ KN[N ! MOVEM5T'S /ATUS 9 DIFF]5T LOCALITIES1 ITS SUCCESSES & FAILURES1 ITS DIFF]5T T5D5CIES1 ETC4 ,! RESOLUTIONS CANNOT BE ANY?+ MORE ?AN 9DICATIONS1 EXPRESSIONS ( OP9ION1 = ! DELEGATES TO IMP>T TO !IR GR\PS1 :I* MAY ADOPT OR REJECT !M4  

,9 %ORT1 ?IS S*EMA M]ELY REHE>SES ?AT :I* IS FAMILI>1 ?+S ?AT MI<T EV5 SEEM TOO SELF-EVID5T TO NE$ M5TION2 BUT ! PRES5T CONFUSION ( M9DS IS SU* ?AT ONE SOMETIMES FEELS COMPELL$ TO REIT]ATE OLD TRU?S4 ,! 
 =MAL CONNECTION BETWE5 ORGANIZATIONS IS EXTREMELY LOOSE H]E1 BECAUSE ALL ( ! EMPHASIS IS UPON ! 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL 
 9T]NAL BONDS4 ,FUR!RMORE1 9 ?IS S*EMA1 ! 9DIVIDUAL OR GR\P IS =MALLY FREE2 ! LESS SUBORD9ATION TO ANY?+1 ! MORE EXT5SIVE & GRAVE ! MORAL RESPONSIBILITY4 ,H]E EA* MEMB] ( ! GR\P IS ANSW]ABLE = ! ACTION ( ! 5TIRE GR\P 
- ALL ! MORE RESPONSIBLE 9 ?AT ! RESOLUTIONS >E REA*$ BY COMMON ACCORD & NOT ME*ANICALLY BY ANY MAJORITY VOTE4 ,MOREOV]1 ! 5TIRE GR\P IS ANSW]ABLE = ! DE$S ( EA* MEMB] ( IT1 ALL ! MORE SO1 ALSO1 9 ?AT IT HAS RECRUIT$ ITS MEMB]S ONLY DISCRIM9AT+LY1 ACCEPT+ ONLY ?OSE :O SUIT$ IT4 ,!N ! F$]ATION AS A BODY ANSW]S = ! ACTIONS ( EA* ( ITS COMPON5T GR\PS 
- PRECISELY BECAUSE !RE IS NO?+ TO MAKE ! LIAISON 5GAG$ 9 ANYWAY B9D+1 & BECAUSE ! GR\PS KN[ 9 ADVANCE ) :OM & = :AT PURPOSE TO JO9 =CES4 ,& EA* GR\P IS ANSW]ABLE = ! :OLE F$]ATION 
- PRECISELY BECAUSE ! LATT] CANNOT DO A ?+ )\T ITS ASS5T4  

,!RE IS MORE4 ,EV]Y AN>*I/1 :E!R !Y WI% IT OR NOT1 BE>S ! 
 MORAL RESPONSIBILITY = ! ACTIONS ( !IR COMRADES1 EV5 IF NO =MAL CONNECTIONS B9D !M2 EV]Y ACT CONTR>Y TO ! AN>*I/ IDEA1 EV]Y CONTRADICTORY PO/URE1 HAS REP]CUSSIONS = ! MOVEM5T AS A BODY1 & ?IS EXT5DS ! RESPONSIBILITY BEYOND ! 9DIVIDUAL1 BEYOND EV5 !IR IMM$IATE GR\P4 ,& IT IS ?IS CONSCI\SNESS ( !IR RESPONSIBILITY ?AT %\LD BY ! GREAT SPUR CAPABLE ( MA9TA9+ ! SOLID>ITY 9 AN>*I/ CIRCLES4 ,MAYBE ?IS IS NOT ALWAYS PROP]LY UND]/OOD1 & MAYBE ?AT IS ! S\RCE ( MANY ( \R MOVEM5TS %ORTCOM+S1 %ORTCOM+S ?AT SOME W\LD REM$Y BY MEANS ( NEW =MS ( ORGANIZATION4 ,WE >E NOT P]SUAD$ ( ! EFFICACY ( !SE MEASURES2 \R CONFID5CE IS VE/$ 9/EAD 9 O!R MEANS1 ( QUITE DIFF]5T NATURE1 ONLY A FEW ( :I* WE HAVE T\*$ UPON H]E4  

,M>*_/,APRIL #aibh 

,NOTES3 

#a4 ,EV5TS HAVE BORNE 
?IS \T EV5 MORE QUICKLY ?AN MI<T HAVE BE5 EXPECT$3 SC>CELY A FEW WEEKS 
HAD ELAPS$ AFT] ! LA/ CONGRESS ( ! 0,UNION0 & ! 
ORGANIZATION HAS SPLIT 9 TWO4 ,& ,LE ,LIB]TAIRE N[ MANAGES TO APPE> 
ONLY ) ! GREATE/ ( DIFFICULTY4 

#b4 ,?IS /ATE ( 
AFFAIRS WAS AM5D$ AT ! LATE/ ,UNION ,AN>*I/E CONGRESS 9 RESPECT ( 
! 9TRODUCTION ( ! MAJORITY PR9CIPLE4 

,M>IA ,ISID9E .<AKA ,M>IA ,ISIDOROVNA ,GOLDSMI?.> WAS AN AN>*I/ & SCI5TI/ ( ,RUSSIAN & ,FR5* DEC5T1 BORN 9 ,ZURI*1 ,SWITZ]L& 9 #a#h#g#c2 %E WAS A CLOSE FRI5D ( ,KROPOTK91 & A PROLIFIC CONTRIBUTOR TO ! ,FR5* & ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/ PRESS ( H] DAY4 ,%E COMMITT$ SUICIDE 9 ,P>IS1 ,JANU>Y #a#i#c#c4 
,! ABOVE >TICLE WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ISSUES #cf & #cg ( ! J\RNAL ,PLUS ,LO94 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #b#h1 #bba 3 ,ORGANIZATION & ,P>TY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,ORGANIZATION & ,P>TY -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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