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,! ,P]ILS ( ,M>KET-,DRIV5 ,$UCATION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY 

,TEXT 3 

,! ,P]ILS ( ,M>KET-,DRIV5 ,$UCATION 

  

,C4 ,J4 ,P,O,L,Y,*,R,O,N,I,\3 ,AT LEA/ S9CE ! ,5LI<T5M5T1 $UCATION HAS BE5 SE5 AS ONE ( ! FEW OPPORTUNITIES = HUMANITY TO LIFT ! VEIL ( IGNORANCE & CREATE A BETT] WORLD4 ,:AT >E ! ACTUAL CONNECTIONS BETWE5 DEMOCRACY & $UCATION1 OR >E ?OSE L9KS BAS$ MA9LY ON A MY?1 AS ,NEIL ,PO/MAN >GU$ 9 ,! ,5D ( ,$UCATION8 

,N,O,A,M ,*,O,M,S,K,Y3 ,I DON'T ?9K !RE IS A SIMPLE ANSW]4 ,! ACTUAL /ATE ( $UCATION HAS BO? POSITIVE & NEGATIVE ELEM5TS1 9 ?IS REG>D4 ,AN $UCAT$ PUBLIC IS SURELY A PR]EQUISITE = A FUNCTION+ DEMOCRACY--:]E 0$UCAT$0 MEANS NOT JU/ 9=M$ BUT 5ABL$ TO 9QUIRE FREELY & PRODUCTIVELY1 ! PRIM>Y 5D ( $UCATION4 ,?AT GOAL IS SOMETIMES ADVANC$1 SOMETIMES IMP$$1 9 ACTUAL PRACTICE1 & TO %IFT ! BALANCE 9 ! RI<T DIRECTION IS A MAJOR TASK--A TASK ( UNUSUAL IMPORTANCE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 P>T BECAUSE ( ITS UNIQUE P[]1 9 P>T BECAUSE ( WAYS 9 :I* IT DIFF]S FROM O!R DEVELOP$ SOCIETIES4 

,IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMB] ?AT AL?\< ! RI*E/ C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD = A LONG TIME1 UNTIL ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS SOME?+ ( A CULTURAL BACKWAT]4 ,IF ONE WANT$ TO /UDY ADVANC$ SCI5CE OR MA?1 OR TO BECOME A WRIT] & >TI/1 ONE W\LD (T5 BE ATTRACT$ TO ,EUROPE4 ,?AT *ANG$ ) ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I = OBVI\S REASONS1 BUT ONLY = P>T ( ! POPULATION4 ,TO TAKE :AT IS >GUABLY ! MO/ IMPORTANT QUE/ION 9 HUMAN HI/ORY1 H[ TO DEAL ) CLIMATE *ANGE1 ONE IMP$IM5T IS ?AT 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 #d P]C5T ( ! POPULATION SEES IT AS NO PROBLEM BECAUSE ,*RI/ WILL RETURN )9 ! NEXT FEW DECADES--SYMPTOMATIC ( MANY O!R PRE-MOD]N FEATURES ( ! SOCIETY & CULTURE4 

,MU* ( :AT PREVAILS 9 TODAY'S WORLD IS M>KET-DRIV5 $UCATION1 :I* IS ACTUALLY DE/ROY+ PUBLIC VALUES & UND]M9+ ! CULTURE ( DEMOCRACY ) ITS EMPHASIS ON COMPETITION1 PRIVATIZATION1 & PR(IT-MAK+4 ,AS SU*1 :AT MODEL ( $UCATION DO Y\ ?9K HOLDS ! BE/ PROMISE = A BETT] & PEACEFUL WORLD8 

,9 ! E>LY DAYS ( ! MOD]N $UCATIONAL SY/EM1 TWO MODELS W]E SOMETIMES C\NT]POS$4 ,$UCATION C\LD BE CONCEIV$ AS A VESSEL 9TO :I* ONE P\RS WAT]--& A V]Y LEAKY VESSEL1 AS WE ALL KN[4 ,OR IT C\LD BE ?\<T ( AS A ?READ1 LAID \T BY ! 9/RUCTOR1 ALONG :I* /UD5TS PROCE$ 9 !IR [N WAYS1 DEVELOP+ !IR CAPACITIES TO 09QUIRE & CREATE0--! MODEL ADVOCAT$ BY ,WILHELM VON ,HUMBOLDT1 ! F\ND] ( ! MOD]N UNIV]SITY SY/EM4 

,! $UCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES ( ,JOHN ,DEWEY1 ,PAULO ,FREIRE1 & O!R ADVOCATES ( PROGRESSIVE & CRITICAL P$AGOGY CAN1 ,I ?9K1 BE REG>D$ AS FUR!R DEVELOPM5TS ( ! ,HUMBOLDTIAN CONCEPTION--:I* IS (T5 IMPLEM5T$ AS A MATT] ( C\RSE 9 RESE>* UNIV]SITIES1 BECAUSE IT IS SO ESS5TIAL TO ADVANC$ TEA*+ & RESE>*1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! SCI5CES4 ,A FAM\S ,M,I,T PHYSICI/ WAS KN[N = TELL+ HIS FRE%MAN C\RSES ?AT IT DOESN'T MATT] :AT WE COV]1 IT MATT]S :AT Y\ DISCOV]4 

,! SAME IDEAS HAVE BE5 QUITE IMAG9ATIVELY DEVELOP$ D[N TO ! K9D]G>T5 LEVEL1 & !Y >E QUITE APPROPRIATE EV]Y:]E 9 ! $UCATIONAL SY/EM1 & ( C\RSE NOT JU/ 9 ! SCI5CES4 ,I WAS P]SONALLY LUCKY TO HAVE BE5 9 AN EXP]IM5TAL ,DEWEYITE S*OOL UNTIL ,I WAS TWELVE1 A HI<LY REW>D+ EXP]I5CE1 QUITE DIFF]5T FROM ! ACADEMIC HI< S*OOL ,I ATT5D$1 :I* T5D$ T[>D ! WAT]-9-A-VESSEL MODEL1 AS DO CURR5TLY FA%IONABLE PROGRAMS ( TEA*-TO-TE/4 ,! ALT]NATIVE ONES >E ! K9DS ( MODELS ?AT %\LD BE PURSU$ IF !RE IS TO BE SOME HOPE ?AT A TRULY $UCAT$ POPULATION1 9 ALL ( ! DIM5SIONS ( ! T]M1 CAN FACE ! V]Y CRITICAL QUE/IONS ?AT >E RI<T N[ ON ! AG5DA4 

,! M>KET-DRIV5 $UCATION T5D5CIES ?AT Y\ M5TION >E UN=TUNATELY V]Y REAL1 & H>MFUL4 ,!Y %\LD1 ,I ?9K1 BE REG>D$ AS P>T ( ! G5]AL NEOLIB]AL ASSAULT ON ! PUBLIC4 ,! BUS9ESS MODEL SEEKS 0EFFICI5CY10 :I* MEANS IMPOS+ 0FLEXIBILITY ( LABOR0 & :AT ,ALAN ,GRE5SPAN HAIL$ AS 0GR[+ WORK] 9SECURITY0 :5 HE WAS PRAIS+ ! GREAT ECONOMY HE WAS RUNN+ 7BE=E IT CRA%$74 ,?AT TRANSLATES 9TO SU* MEASURES AS UND]M9+ LONG]-T]M COMMITM5TS TO FACULTY & RELY+ ON *EAP & EASILY EXPLOITABLE TEMPOR>Y LABOR 7ADJUNCTS1 GRADUATE /UD5TS74 ,! CONSEQU5CES >E H>MFUL TO ! WORK =CE1 ! /UD5TS1 RESE>* & 9QUIRY1 9 FACT ALL ! GOALS ?AT HI<] $UCATION %\LD SEEK TO A*IEVE4 

,SOMETIMES SU* ATTEMPTS TO DRIVE ! HI<] $UCATION SY/EM T[>D S]VICE TO ! PRIVATE SECTOR TAKE =MS ?AT >E ALMO/ COMICAL4 ,9 ! /ATE ( ,WISCONS91 = EXAMPLE1 GOV]NOR ,SCOTT ,WALK] & O!R REACTION>IES HAVE BE5 ATTEMPT+ TO UND]M9E :AT WAS ONCE ! GREAT ,UNIV]SITY ( ,WISCONS91 *ANG+ IT TO AN 9/ITUTION ?AT WILL S]VE ! NE$S ( ! BUS9ESS COMMUNITY ( ,WISCONS91 :ILE ALSO CUTT+ ! BUDGET & 9CREAS+ RELIANCE ON TEMPOR>Y /AFF 70FLEXIBILITY074 ,AT ONE PO9T ! /ATE GOV]NM5T EV5 WANT$ TO *ANGE ! TRADITIONAL MISSION ( ! UNIV]SITY1 DELET+ ! COMMITM5T TO 0SEEK+ TRU?0--A WA/E ( TIME = AN 9/ITUTION PRODUC+ PEOPLE :O WILL BE USEFUL = ,WISCONS9 BUS9ESSES4 ,?AT WAS SO \TRAGE\S ?AT IT HIT ! NEWSPAP]S1 & !Y HAD TO CLAIM IT WAS A CL]ICAL ]ROR & )DRAW IT4 

,IT IS1 H[EV]1 ILLU/RATIVE ( :AT IS HAPP5+1 NOT ONLY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BUT ALSO 9 MANY O!R PLACES4 ,COMM5T+ ON !SE DEVELOPM5TS 9 ! ,U,K1 ,/EFAN ,COLL9I CONCLUD$ ALL TOO PLAUSIBLY ?AT ! ,TORY GOV]NM5T IS ATTEMPT+ TO TURN FIR/-CLASS UNIV]SITIES 9TO ?IRD-CLASS COMM]CIAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,SO1 = EXAMPLE1 ! CLASSICS DEP>TM5T AT ,OX=D WILL HAVE TO PROVE ?AT IT CAN SELL ITSELF ON ! M>KET4 ,IF !RE IS NO M>KET DEM&1 :Y %\LD PEOPLE /UDY & 9VE/IGATE CLASSICAL ,GREEK LIT]ATURE8 ,?AT'S ! ULTIMATE VULG>IZATION ?AT CAN RESULT FROM IMPOS+ ! /ATE CAPITALI/ PR9CIPLES ( ! BUS9ESS CLASSES ON ! :OLE ( SOCIETY4 

,:AT NE$S TO BE DONE 9 ORD] TO PROVIDE A SY/EM ( FREE HI<] $UCATION 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES &1 BY EXT5SION1 DIV]T FUND+ FROM ! MILIT>Y-9DU/RIAL COMPLEX & ! PRISON-9DU/RIAL COMPLEX 9TO $UCATION8 ,W\LD ?IS REQUIRE A NATIONAL ID5TITY CRISIS ON ! P>T ( A HI/ORICALLY EXPANSIONI/1 9T]V5TIONI/1 & RACI/ NATION8 

,I DON'T FEEL ?AT ! ISSUE RUNS ?AT DEEP4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS NO LESS EXPANSIONI/1 9T]V5TIONI/1 RACI/ 9 E>LI] YE>S1 BUT IT NEV]!LESS WAS 9 ! =EFRONT ( DEVELOP+ MASS PUBLIC $UCATION4 ,& ?\< ! MOTIVES W]E SOMETIMES CYNICAL--TURN+ 9DEP5D5T F>M]S 9TO COGS 9 MASS PRODUCTION 9DU/RY1 SOME?+ !Y BITT]LY RES5T$--NEV]!LESS !RE W]E MANY POSITIVE ASPECTS TO !SE DEVELOPM5TS4 ,9 MORE REC5T YE>S1 HI<] $UCATION WAS VIRTUALLY FREE4 ,AFT] ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 ! ,G,I ,BILL PROVID$ TUITION & EV5 SUBSIDIES TO MILLIONS ( PEOPLE :O W\LD PROBABLY NEV] HAVE GONE TO COLLEGE1 :I* WAS HI<LY B5EFICIAL TO !M & CONTRIBUT$ TO ! GREAT PO/W> GR[? P]IOD4 ,EV5 PRIVATE COLLEGES HAD V]Y L[ FEES BY CONTEMPOR>Y /&>DS4 ,& ! C\NTRY !N WAS F> POOR] ?AN IT IS TODAY4 ,ELSE:]E HI<] $UCATION IS FREE OR CLOSE TO IT 9 RI* C\NTRIES LIKE ,G]MANY 7! MO/ RESPECT$ C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD1 ACCORD+ TO POLLS7 & ,F9L& 7:I* CONSI/5TLY RANKS HI< 9 A*IEVEM5T7 & MU* POOR] C\NTRIES LIKE ,MEXICO1 :I* HAS A HI<-QUALITY HI<] $UCATION SY/EM4 ,FREE HI<] $UCATION C\LD BE 9/ITUT$ )\T MAJOR ECONOMIC OR CULTURAL DIFFICULTIES1 IT SEEMS4 ,! SAME IS TRUE ( A RATIONAL PUBLIC HEAL? SY/EM LIKE ?AT ( COMP>ABLE C\NTRIES4 

,DUR+ ! 9DU/RIAL ]A1 MANY WORK+-CLASS PEOPLE ?R\<\T ! CAPITALI/ WORLD IMM]S$ !MSELVES 9 ! /UDY ( POLITICS1 HI/ORY1 & POLITICAL ECONOMY ?R\< A PROCESS ( 9=MAL $UCATION AS P>T ( !IR EF=T TO UND]/& & *ANGE ! WORLD ?R\< ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,TODAY1 ! SITUATION LOOKS VA/LY DIFF]5T1 ) MU* ( ! WORK+-CLASS POPULATION HAV+ EMBRAC$ EMPTY CONSUM]ISM & POLITICAL 9DIFF]5CE1 OR1 WORSE1 (T5 5\< SUPPORT+ POLITICAL P>TIES & C&IDATES :O >E 9 FACT /AUN* SUPPORT]S ( CORPORATE & F9ANCIAL CAPITALISM & ADVANCE AN ANTI-WORK+ CLASS AG5DA4 ,H[ DO WE EXPLA9 ?IS RADICAL %IFT 9 WORK+-CLASS CONSCI\SNESS8 

,! *ANGE IS AS CLE> AS IT IS UN=TUNATE4 ,QUITE COMMONLY !SE EF=TS W]E BAS$ 9 UNIONS & O!R WORK+-CLASS ORGANIZATIONS1 ) P>TICIPATION ( 9TELLECTUALS 9 LEFT P>TIES--ALL VICTIMS ( ,COLD ,W> REPRESSION & PROPAG&A & ! BITT] CLASS CONFLICT WAG$ BY ! BUS9ESS CLASSES AGA9/ LABOR & POPUL> ORGANIZATION1 M\NT+ P>TICUL>LY DUR+ ! NEOLIB]AL P]IOD4 

,IT IS WOR? REMEMB]+ ! E>LY YE>S ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,! WORK+-CLASS CULTURE ( ! TIME WAS ALIVE & FL\RI%+4 ,!RE'S A GREAT BOOK AB\T ! TOPIC BY ,JONA?AN ,ROSE1 CALL$ ,! ,9TELLECTUAL ,LIFE ( ! ,BRITI% ,WORK+ ,CLASS4 ,IT'S A MONUM5TAL /UDY ( ! READ+ HABITS ( ! WORK+ CLASS ( ! DAY4 ,HE CONTRA/S 0! PASSIONATE PURSUIT ( KN[L$GE BY PROLET>IAN AUTODIDACTS0 ) ! 0P]VASIVE PHILI/9ISM ( ! ,BRITI% >I/OCRACY40 ,PRETTY MU* ! SAME WAS TRUE 9 ! NEW WORK+-CLASS T[NS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 LIKE EA/]N ,MASSA*USETTS1 :]E AN ,IRI% BLACKSMI? MI<T HIRE A Y\NG BOY TO READ ! CLASSICS TO HIM :ILE HE WAS WORK+4 ,FACTORY GIRLS W]E READ+ ! BE/ CONTEMPOR>Y LIT]ATURE ( ! DAY1 :AT WE /UDY AS CLASSICS4 ,!Y CONDEMN$ ! 9DU/RIAL SY/EM = DEPRIV+ !M ( !IR FRE$OM & CULTURE4 ,?IS W5T ON = A LONG TIME4 

,I AM OLD 5\< TO REMEMB] ! ATMOSPH]E ( ! #a#i#cS4 ,A L>GE P>T ( MY FAMILY CAME FROM ! UNEMPLOY$ WORK+ CLASS4 ,MANY HAD B>ELY GONE TO S*OOL4 ,BUT !Y P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! HI< CULTURE ( ! DAY4 ,!Y W\LD DISCUSS ! LATE/ PLAYS1 CONC]TS ( ! ,BUDAPE/ ,/R+ ,QU>TET1 DIFF]5T V>IETIES ( PSY*OANALYSIS1 & EV]Y CONCEIVABLE POLITICAL MOVEM5T4 ,!RE WAS ALSO A V]Y LIVELY WORK]S' $UCATION SY/EM ) :I* LEAD+ SCI5TI/S & MA!MATICIANS W]E DIRECTLY 9VOLV$4 ,A LOT ( ?IS HAS BE5 LO/ 444 BUT IT CAN BE RECOV]$ & IT IS NOT LO/ =EV]4 

,COAU?OR$ ) ,LILY ,SAGE2 ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,TRU?\T1 ,OCTOB] #b#b1 #baf 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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