,OP5 ,LETT] TO ,COMRADE ,L59 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,H]MAN ,GORT] 

,TEXT 3 

,FIR/ PUBLI%$3 ,OP5 LETT] TO COMRADE ,L591 ,A REPLY TO 0'LEFT-W+' COMMUNISM1 AN 9FANTILE DISORD]10 9 ,WORK]S' ,DREADN\<T1 ,LONDON1 #ab ,M>*-#a#a ,JUNE #a#i#b#a2 
,PUBLI%$3 ,WILDCAT PAMPHLET1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#h#i2 
,S\RCE3 ,LEFT-,W+ ,COMMUNISM ,SITE2 
,TRANSCRIPTION_*,H,T,M,L ,M>KUP3 BY ,&Y ,BLUND51 = M>XI/S4ORG #b#c2 ,MICAH ,MU]1 #bai 
,PRO(READ3 BY ,*RIS ,CLAYTON1 #b#f2 

,I WI% TO DRAW Y\R ATT5TION1 ,COMRADE ,L591 & ?AT ( ! READ]1 
TO ! FACT ?AT ?IS LETT] WAS WRITT5 AT ! TIME ( ! TRIUMPHANT 
M>* ( ! ,RUSSIANS TO ,W>SAW4 

,I LIKEWISE REQUE/ Y\1 & ! READ]1 TO EXCUSE ! FREQU5T 
REPETITIONS4 ,!Y W]E UNAVOIDABLE1 [+ TO ! FACT ?AT ! TACTICS 
( ! 0,LEFTS0 >E /ILL UNKN[N TO ! WORK]S ( MO/ 
C\NTRIES4 

,H]MAN ,GORT]4 

,CONT5TS 

#a4 ,9TRODUCTION 

#b4 ,! QUE/ION ( ! TRADE UNIONS 

#c4 ,P>LIAM5T>ISM 

#d4 ,OPPORTUNISM 9 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL 

#e4 ,CONCLUSION 

#f4 ,NOTES 

,9TRODUCTION 

,DE> ,COMRADE ,L591 

,I HAVE READ Y\R BRO*URE ON ! ,RADICALISM 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ 
MOVEM5T4 ,IT HAS TAU<T ME A GREAT DEAL1 AS ALL Y\R WRIT+S HAVE DONE4 
,= ?IS ,I FEEL GRATEFUL TO Y\1 & D\BTLESS MANY O!R COMRADES FEEL 
AS ,I DO4 ,MANY A TRACE1 & MANY A G]M ( ?IS 9FANTILE DISEASE1 TO 
:I* )\T A D\BT1 ,I ALSO AM A VICTIM1 HAS BE5 *AS$ AWAY BY Y\R 
BRO*URE1 OR WILL YET BE ]ADICAT$ BY IT4 ,Y\R OBS]VATIONS AB\T ! 
CONFUSION ?AT REVOLUTION HAS CAUS$ 9 MANY BRA9S1 IS QUITE RI<T TOO4 
,I KN[ ?AT4 ,! REVOLUTION CAME SO SUDD5LY1 & 9 A WAY SO UTT]LY 
DIFF]5T FROM :AT WE EXPECT$4 ,Y\R WORDS WILL BE AN 9C5TIVE TO ME1 
ONCE AGA91 & TO AN EV5 GREAT] EXT5T ?AN BE=E1 TO BASE MY 
JUDGM5T 9 ALL MATT]S ( TACTICS1 ALSO 9 ! REVOLUTION1 EXCLUSIVELY 
ON REALITY1 ON ! ACTUAL CLASS-RELATIONS1 AS !Y MANIFE/ !MSELVES 
POLITICALLY & ECONOMICALLY4 

,AFT] HAV+ READ Y\R BRO*URE ,I ?\<T ALL ?IS IS RI<T4 

,BUT AFT] HAV+ CONSID]$ = A LONG TIME :E!R ,I W\LD CEASE TO 
UPHOLD ?IS 0,LEFT ,W+10 & TO WRITE >TICLES = ! ,K,A,P,D 
& ! ,OPPOSITION P>TY 9 ,5GL&1 ,I HAD TO DECL9E4 

,BASIS ,MI/AK54 

,?IS SEEMS CONTRADICTORY4 ,IT IS DUE1 ?\<1 TO ! FACT ?AT ! 
/>T+-PO9T 9 ! BRO*URE IS NOT RI<T4 ,TO MY IDEA Y\ >E MI/AK5 
9 Y\R JUDGM5T REG>D+ ! ANALOGY ( ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION 
) ! ,RUSSIAN ONE1 REG>D+ ! CONDITIONS ( ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN 
REVOLUTION1 ?AT IS TO SAY ! CLASS-RELATIONS1 & ?IS LEADS Y\ TO 
MI/AKE ! CAUSE1 FROM :I* ?IS ,LEFT ,W+1 ! OPPOSITION1 
ORIG9ATES4 

,!RE=E ! BRO*URE ,S,E,E,M,S TO BE RI<T1 AS LONG AS Y\R 
/>T+-PO9T IS ASSUM$4 ,IF1 H[EV] 7AS IT %\LD BE71 Y\R />T+ 
PO9T IS REJECT$1 ! 5TIRE BRO*URE IS WRONG4 ,AS ALL Y\R MI/AK51 
& P>TLY MI/AK51 JUDGM5TS CONV]GE 9 Y\R CONDEMNATION ( ! 
,LEFT MOVEM5T1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,G]MANY & ,5GL&1 & AS ,I FIRMLY 9T5D 
TO DEF5D ?OSE ( ! ,LEFT ,W+1 AL?\<1 AS ! LEAD]S KN[1 ,I DO 
NOT AGREE ) !M ON ALL PO9TS1 ,I IMAG9E ,I HAD BE/ ANSW] Y\R 
BRO*URE BY A DEF5SE ( ! ,LEFT ,W+4 ,?IS WILL 5ABLE ME NOT ONLY TO 
PO9T \T ITS ORIG9 7! CAUSE FROM :I* IT SPR+S71 & TO PROVE ITS 
RI<T1 & M]ITS1 9 ! PRES5T /AGE1 & H]E1 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 
BUT ALSO1 :I* IS ( EQUAL IMPORTANCE1 TO COMBAT ! MI/AK5 
CONCEPTIONS ?AT >E PREVAL5T 9 ,RUSSIA ) REG>D TO ! 
,WE/-,EUROPEAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,BO? !SE PO9TS >E ( IMPORTANCE1 AS IT IS ON ! CONCEPTION ( 
! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION ?AT ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN AS WELL AS ! 
,RUSSIAN TACTICS DEP5D4 ,I %\LD HAVE LIK$ TO DO ?IS AT ! ,MOSC[ 
,CONGRESS1 :I*1 H[EV]1 ,I WAS NOT ABLE TO ATT5D4 

,TWO ,>GUM5TS ,REFUT$4 

,9 ! FIR/ PLACE ,I MU/ REFUTE TWO ( Y\R >GUM5TS1 ?AT MAY 
MISLEAD ! JUDGM5T ( COMRADES OR READ]S4 ,Y\ SC(F & SNE] AT ! 
RIDICUL\S & *ILDI% NONS5SE ( ! /RUGGLE 9 ,G]MANY1 AT ! 
0DICTATOR%IP ( ! LEAD]S OR ( ! MASSES10 AT 
0FROM ABOVE OR BEL[10 ETC4 ,WE QUITE AGREE ) Y\1 ?AT 
!SE %\LD BE NO QUE/IONS AT ALL4 ,BUT WE DO NOT AGREE ) Y\R 
SC(F+4 ,= ?AT IS ! PITY ( IT3 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE !Y /ILL >E 
QUE/IONS4 ,9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE WE /ILL HAVE1 9 MANY C\NTRIES1 LEAD]S 
( ! TYPE ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL2 H]E WE >E /ILL SEEK+ ! 
RI<T LEAD]S1 ?OSE ?AT DO NOT TRY TO DOM9ATE ! 
MASSES1 ?AT DO NOT BETRAY !M2 & AS LONG AS WE DO NOT F9D 
!SE LEAD]S1 WE WANT TO DO ALL ?+S FROM BEL[1 & ?R\< ! 
DICTATOR%IP ( ! MASSES !MSELVES4 ,IF ,I HAVE A M\NTA9-GUIDE1 & 
HE %\LD LEAD ME 9TO ! ABYSS1 ,I PREF] TO DO )\T HIM4 ,AS SOON AS 
WE HAVE F\ND ! RI<T GUIDES1 WE WILL /OP ?IS SE>*+4 ,!N MASS 
& LEAD] WILL BE REALLY ONE4 ,?IS1 & NO?+ ELSE1 IS :AT ! 
,G]MAN & ,5GLI% ,LEFT ,W+1 :AT WE \RSELVES1 MEAN BY !SE 
WORDS4 

,& ! SAME HOLDS GOOD = Y\R SECOND REM>K1 ?AT ! LEAD] 
%\LD =M ONE UNIT$ :OLE ) CLASS & MASS4 ,WE QUITE AGREE ) 
Y\4 ,BUT ! QUE/ION IS TO F9D & RE> LEAD]S ?AT >E REALLY ONE 
) ! MASSES4 ,?IS CAN ONLY BE ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! MASSES1 ! 
POLITICAL P>TIES & ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 BY MEANS ( ! MO/ SEV]E 
/RUGGLE1 ALSO 9W>DLY4 ,& ! SAME HOLDS GOOD = IRON DISCIPL9E1 
& /RONG C5TRALIZATION4 ,WE WANT !M ALL RI<T1 BUT NOT UNTIL WE HAVE 
! RI<T LEAD]S4 ,?IS SEV]E/ ( ALL /RUGGLES1 :I* IS N[ BE+ 
F\<T MO/ /R5U\SLY 9 ,G]MANY & ,5GL&1 ! TWO C\NTRIES :]E 
,COMMUNISM IS NE>E/ TO ITS REALIZATION1 CAN ONLY BE H>M$ BY Y\R 
SC(F+4 ,Y\R ATTITUDE P&]S TO ! OPPORTUNI/ ELEM5TS 9 ! ,?IRD 
,9T]NATIONAL4 ,BY ?IS SC(F+1 Y\ ABET ! OPPORTUNI/ ELEM5TS 9 
! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,= IT IS ONE ( ! MEANS BY :I* ELEM5TS 9 ! ,SP>TAKUS ,LEAGUE 
& 9 ! ,B,S,P1 & ALSO 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES 9 MANY O!R 
C\NTRIES1 IMPOSES UPON ! WORK]S1 :5 !Y SAY ?AT ! 5TIRE 
QUE/ION ( MASSES & LEAD] IS ABSURD1 IS 0NONS5SE & 
*ILDI%NESS40 ,?R\< ?IS PHRASE !Y AVOID1 & WI% TO AVOID1 
ALL CRITICISM ( !MSELVES1 ! LEAD]S4 ,IT IS BY MEANS ( ?IS PHRASE 
( AN IRON DISCIPL9E & C5TRALIZATION1 ?AT !Y CRU% ! 
OPPOSITION4 ,& ?IS OPPORTUNISM IS ABETT$ BY Y\4 

,Y\ %\LD NOT DO ?IS1 ,COMRADE4 ,WE >E ONLY 9 ! 9TRODUCTORY 
/AGE YET1 H]E 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,& 9 ?AT /AGE IT IS BETT] TO 
5C\RAGE ! FI<T]S ?AN ! RUL]S4 

,I ONLY T\* ON ?IS QUITE P]FUNCTORILY H]E4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( ?IS 
WRIT+ ,I WILL DEAL ) ?IS MATT] MORE AT L5G?4 ,!RE IS A DEEP] 
REASON YET :Y ,I CANNOT AGREE ) Y\R BRO*URE4 ,IT IS ! 
FOLL[+ 

,DIFF]5CE ,BETWE5 ,RUSSIA & ,W4 ,EUROPE4 

,ON READ+ Y\R PAMPHLETS1 BRO*URES & BOOKS1 NE>LY ALL ( :I* 
WRIT+S FILL$ US ) ADMIRATION & APPROBATION1 WE ,M>XI/S ( 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE 9V>IABLY CAME TO A PO9T :]E WE SUDD5LY GREW W>Y1 
& ON ! LOOK-\T = A MORE DETAIL$ EXPLANATION2 & IF WE FAIL$ TO 
F9D ?IS EXPLANATION1 WE ACCEPT$ ! /ATEM5T BUT GRUDG+LY1 ) 
ALL DUE RES]VATIONS4 ,?IS WAS Y\R /ATEM5T REG>D+ ! WORK]S & 
! POOR PEASANTS4 ,IT OCCURS (T51 V]Y (T54 ,& Y\ ALWAYS M5TION 
BO? !SE CATEGORIES AS REVOLUTION>Y FACTORS ALL ! WORLD OV]4 ,& 
NO:]E1 AT LEA/ AS F> AS ,I HAVE READ1 IS !RE A CLE> & \TSPOK5 
RECOGNITION ( ! IMM5SE DIFF]5CE :I* PREVAILS 9 ! MATT] 
BETWE5 ,RUSSIA 7& A FEW O!R C\NTRIES 9 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE7 & ,WE/]N 
,EUROPE 7?AT IS TO SAY ,G]MANY1 ,FRANCE1 ,5GL&1 ,BELGIUM1 ,HOLL&1 
,SWITZ]L&1 & ! ,SC&9AVIAN C\NTRIES1 & P]HAPS EV5 ,ITALY74 
,& YET1 9 MY OP9ION1 ! FUNDAM5TAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 Y\R 
CONCEPTION ( ! TACTICS CONC]N+ ,TRADE ,UNIONISM & ,P>LIAM5T>ISM1 
& ?AT ( ! SO-CALL$ ,LEFT ,W+ 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 LIES MA9LY 9 
?IS PO9T4 

,( C\RSE Y\ KN[ ?IS DIFF]5CE AS WELL AS ,I DO1 ONLY Y\ FAIL$ 
TO DRAW FROM IT ! CONCLUSIONS = ! TACTICS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 AT 
LEA/ AS F> AS ,I AM ABLE TO JUDGE FROM Y\R WORKS4 ,!SE CONCLUSIONS 
Y\ HAVE NOT TAK5 9TO CONSID]ATION1 & CONSEQU5TLY Y\R JUDGM5T 
ON !SE ,WE/-,EUROPEAN TACTICS IS FALSE4.<#a.> 

,& ?IS IS ALL ! MORE DANG]\S1 BECAUSE ?IS PHRASE ( Y\RS IS 
P>ROT$ AUTOMATICALLY 9 ALL ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 
EV5 BY ,M>XI/S4 ,TO JUDGE FROM ALL ,COMMUNI/ PAP]S1 MAGAZ9ES & 
BRO*URES1 & FROM ALL PUBLIC ASSEMBLIES1 ONE MI<T EV5 SURMISE ?AT A 
REVOLT ( ! POOR PEASANTS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE MI<T BREAK \T AT ANY 
MOM5T6 ,NO:]E IS ! GREAT DIFF]5CE ) ,RUSSIA PO9T$ \T1 & 
?US ! JUDGM5T1 ALSO ( ! PROLET>IAT1 IS L$ A/RAY4 ,BECAUSE 9 
,RUSSIA Y\ W]E ABLE TO TRIUMPH ) ! HELP ( A L>GE CLASS ( POOR 
PEASANTS1 Y\ REPRES5T ?+S 9 SU* A WAY1 AS IF WE 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE 
>E ALSO GO+ TO HAVE ?AT HELP4 ,BECAUSE Y\1 9 ,RUSSIA1 HAVE TRIUMPH$ 
EXCLUSIVELY ?R\< ?IS HELP1 Y\ WI% TO MAKE US BELIEVE ?AT H]E 
ALSO WE WILL TRIUMPH ?R\< ?IS HELP4 ,Y\ DO ?IS BY MEANS ( Y\R 
SIL5CE ) REG>D TO ?IS QUE/ION1 AS IT /&S 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 
& Y\R 5TIRE TACTICS >E BAS$ ON ?IS REPRES5TATION4 

,POOR ,PEASANTS ,DECISIVE ,FACTOR4 

,?IS REPRES5TATION1 H[EV]1 IS NOT ! TRU?4 ,!RE IS AN 5ORM\S 
DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,RUSSIA & ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,9 G5]AL ! IMPORTANCE 
( ! POOR PEASANTS AS A REVOLUTION>Y FACTOR DECREASES FROM EA/ TO 
WE/4 ,9 SOME ,P>TS ( ,ASIA1 ,*9A1 & ,9DIA1 9 ! EV5T ( A 
REVOLUTION1 ?IS CLASS W\LD BE ! ABSOLUTELY DECISIVE FACTOR2 9 
,RUSSIA IT CON/ITUTES AN 9DISP5SABLE &1 9DE$1 ONE ( ! MA9 
FACTORS2 9 ,POL&1 & 9 A FEW /ATES ( ,S\?-,EA/]N & ,C5TRAL 
,EUROPE1 IT IS /ILL ( IMPORTANCE = ! REVOLUTION1 BUT FUR!R ,WE/ 
ITS ATTITUDE GR[S EV] MORE ANTAGONI/IC T[>DS ! REVOLUTION4 

,RUSSIA HAD AN 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT ( SOME SEV5 OR EI<T MILLIONS4 
,! NUMB] ( POOR PEASANTS1 H[EV]1 AM\NT$ TO AB\T #be MILLIONS4 7,I 
BEG Y\ TO EXCUSE ! 9EVITABLE NUM]ICAL ]RORS2 ,I HAVE TO QUOTE FROM 
MEMORY1 AS ?IS LETT] %\LD BE DISPAT*$ ) ALL SPE$74 ,:5 
,K]5SKY FAIL$ TO GIVE !SE POOR PEASANTS ! SOIL1 Y\ KNEW ?AT 
BE=E LONG !Y W\LD COME TO Y\1 ! M9UTE !Y %\LD BECOME AW>E 
( ! FACT4 ,?IS IS NOT SO 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 & WILL NOT BECOME SO 
EI!R2 9 ! C\NTRIES ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 :I* ,I HAVE NAM$1 
CONDITIONS ( ?AT SORT DO NOT EXI/4 

,! POOR PEASANT H]E LIVES UND] CONDITIONS QUITE DIFF]5T FROM 
?OSE ( ,RUSSIA4 ,?\< (T5 T]RIBLE1 !Y >E NOT AS APPALL+ AS 
!Y W]E !RE4 ,AS F>M]S OR [N]S1 ! POOR PEASANTS POSSESS A PIECE 
( L&4 ,! EXCELL5T MEANS ( TRANSPORT 5ABLES !M (T5 TO SELL 
!IR GOODS4 ,AT ! V]Y WOR/ !Y CAN MO/LY PROVIDE !IR [N FOOD4 
,DUR+ ! LA/ T5 YE>S ?+S HAVE IMPROV$ SOME:AT = !M4 ,N[1 
DUR+ & S9CE ! W>1 !Y CAN OBTA9 HI< PRICES4 ,!Y >E 
9DISP5SABLE1 ! IMPORT ( FOOD/UFFS BE+ V]Y LIMIT$4 ,REGUL>LY1 
!RE=E1 !Y WILL BE ABLE TO GET HI< PRICES4 ,!Y >E SUPPORT$ BY 
,CAPITALISM4 ,CAPITALISM WILL MA9TA9 !M1 AS LONG AS IT CAN MA9TA9 
ITSELF4 ,9 Y\R C\NTRY1 ! POSITION ( ! POOR PEASANTS WAS F> MORE 
T]RIBLE4 ,) Y\1 !RE=E1 ! POOR PEASANTS HAD A POLITICAL1 
REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM1 & W]E ORGANIZ$ 9 A POLITICAL1 
REVOLUTION>Y P>TY3 ) ! SOCIAL-REVOLUTION>IES4 ,) US ?IS IS 
NO:]E ! CASE4 ,MOREOV]1 9 ,RUSSIA !RE WAS AN 5ORM\S AM\NT ( 
L&$ PROP]TY TO BE DIVID$1 L>GE E/ATES1 CR[N L&S1 GOV]NM5T 
L&1 & ! E/ATES HELD BY ! MONA/]IES4 ,BUT ! ,COMMUNI/S ( 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 :AT CAN !Y (F] TO ! POOR PEASANTS1 TO W9 !M TO 
!IR SIDE8 

,NO?+ TO ,(F] ,PEASANTS4 

,G]MANY C\NT$1 BE=E ! W>1 FROM F\R TO FIVE MILLION POOR 
PEASANTS 7UP TO TWO HECT>ES74 ,ONLY EI<T OR N9E MILLIONS1 H[EV]1 
W]E EMPLOY$ 9 ACTUAL L>GE-SCALE 9DU/RIES 7OV] #a HECT>ES74 ,IF 
! ,COMMUNI/S W]E TO DIVIDE ALL ( !SE1 ! POOR PEASANTS W\LD 
/ILL BE POOR PEASANTS1 AS ! SEV5 OR EI<T MILLION FIELD-LABOR]S 
ALSO CLAIM !IR %>E4 ,& !Y CANNOT EV5 DIVIDE !M1 AS !Y WILL 
USE !M AS L>GE-SCALE 9DU/RIES4.<#b.> 

,!SE NUMB]S %[ ?AT 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE !RE >E COMP>ATIVELY FEW 
POOR PEASANTS2 ?AT1 !RE=E1 ! AUXILI>Y =CES1 IF !RE W]E ANY 
AT ALL1 W\LD BE V]Y FEW 9 NUMB]S4 

,! ,COMMUNI/S 9 ,G]MANY1 !RE=E1 EXCEPT 9 RELATIVELY 
9SIGNIFICANT REGIONS1 DO NOT EV5 HAVE ! MEANS TO W9 OV] ! POOR 
PEASANTS4 ,= ! M$IUM & SMALL 9DU/RIES WILL SURELY NOT BE 
EXPROPRIAT$4 ,& IT IS PRACTICALLY ! SAME 9 ! CASE ( ! F\R OR 
FIVE MILLION POOR PEASANTS 9 ,FRANCE1 & ALSO = ,SWITZ]L&1 ,BELGIUM1 
,HOLL&1 & TWO ( ! ,SC&9AVIAN C\NTRIES4.<#c.> ,EV]Y:]E SMALL & 
M$IUM SIZ$ 9DU/RY PREVAILS4 ,& EV5 9 ,ITALY !RE IS NO ABSOLUTE 
C]TA9TY2 NOT TO M5TION ,5GL&1 :I* C\NTS ONLY SOME ONE OR TWO 
HUNDR$ ?\S& PEASANTS4 

,NEI!R WILL !Y BE ATTRACT$ BY ! PROMISE ?AT UND] ,COMMUNISM 
!Y WILL BE EXEMPT FROM R5T-PAY+ & MORTGAGE-R5T4 ,= ) 
,COMMUNISM !Y SEE ! APPROA* ( CIVIL W>1 ! LOSS ( M>KETS1 & 
G5]AL DE/RUCTION4 

,UNLESS1 !RE=E1 !RE %\LD COME A CRISIS F> MORE T]RIBLE ?AN 
! PRES5T ONE 9 ,G]MANY1 A CRISIS1 9DE$1 F> EXCE$+ ! HORRORS 
( ANY O!R CRISES ?AT EV] W]E BE=E1 ! POOR PEASANTS 9 ,WE/]N 
,EUROPE WILL SIDE ) ,CAPITALISM1 AS LONG AS IT HAS ANY LIFE 
LEFT4.<#d.> 

,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ,/& ,ALONE4 

,! WORK]S 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE /& ALL ALONE4 ,ONLY A V]Y SLI<T 
PORTION ( ! L[] MIDDLE CLASS WILL HELP !M4 ,& !SE >E 
ECONOMICALLY 9SIGNIFICANT4 ,! WORK]S WILL HAVE TO MAKE ! REVOLUTION 
ALL BY !MSELVES4 ,H]E IS ! GREAT DIFF]5CE AS COMP>$ TO 
,RUSSIA4 

,POSSIBLY Y\ WILL SAY1 ,COMRADE ,L591 ?AT ?IS WAS ! CASE 9 
,RUSSIA4 ,!RE ALSO ! PROLET>IAT HAS MADE ! REVOLUTION ALL BY 
ITSELF4 ,IT IS ONLY AFT] ! REVOLUTION ?AT ! POOR PEASANTS JO9$4 
,Y\ >E RI<T1 & YET ! DIFF]5CE IS IMM5SE4 

,Y\ KNEW ) ABSOLUTE C]TA9TY ?AT ! PEASANTS W\LD COME TO Y\1 
& ?AT !Y W\LD DOME QUICKLY4 ,Y\ KNEW ?AT ,K]5SKY W\LD NOT1 & 
C\LD NOT GIVE !M ! L&4 ,Y\ KNEW ?AT !Y W\LD NOT HELP ,K]5SKY 
LONG4 ,Y\ HAD A MAGIC *>M1 0,! ,L& TO ! ,PEASANTS10 BY 
MEANS ( :I* Y\ W\LD W9 !M 9 ! C\RSE ( A FEW MON?S TO ! 
SIDE ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,WE1 ON ! O!R H&1 >E C]TA9 ?AT = 
SOME TIME TO DOME ! POOR PEASANTS1 ALL OV] ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 WILL SIDE 
) ,CAPITALISM4 

,Y\ WILL POSSIBLY SAY ?AT1 AL?\< 9 ,G]MANY !RE IS NO GREAT 
MASS ( POOR PEASANTS :OSE ASSI/ANCE CAN BE RELI$ ON1 ! MILLIONS ( 
PROLET>IANS ?AT SIDE AS YET ) ! B\RGEOISIE >E SURE TO COME 
R\ND4 ,?AT1 !RE=E1 ! PLACE ( ! POOR PEASANTS 9 ,RUSSIA WILL 
H]E BE TAK5 BY ! PROLET>IANS1 SO ?AT !RE IS HELP ALL ! SAME4 
,?IS REPRES5TATION IS ALSO FUNDAM5TALLY WRONG1 & ! IMM5SE 
DIFF]5CE REMA9S4 

,! ,RUSSIAN PEASANTS JO9$ ! PROLET>IAT ,A,F,T,] ,CAPITALISM HAS BE5 
DEFEAT$2 BUT :5 ! ,G]MAN WORK]S ?AT >E N[ AS YET ON ! SIDE ( 
,CAPITALISM JO9 ! RANKS ( ! ,COMMUNI/S1 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ 
,CAPITALISM WILL BEG9 9 REAL E>NE/4 

,! REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA WAS T]RIBLE = ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! LONG 
YE>S ( ITS DEVELOPM5T & IT IS T]RIBLE N[1 AFT] ! VICTORY4 ,BUT 
AT ! ACTUAL TIME ( REVOLUTION IT WAS EASY1 & ?IS WAS DUE TO ! 
PEASANTS4 

,) US IT IS QUITE ! CONTR>Y4 ,9 ITS DEVELOPM5T ! REVOLUTION 
WAS EASY1 & IT WILL BE EASY AFT]W>DS2 BUT ITS ACTUAL COM+ WILL BE 
T]RIBLE - MORE T]RIBLE1 P]HAPS1 ?AN ANY O!R REVOLUTION EV] 
WAS1 = ,CAPITALISM1 :I* 9 Y\R C\NTRY WAS WEAK & ONLY SLI<TLY 
ROOT$ AS IT W]E TO FEUDALISM1 ! MIDDLE AGES & EV5 B>B>ISM1 H]E 
9 \R C\NTRY IS /RONG & WIDELY ORGANIZ$ & DEEPLY ROOT$1 & ! 
L[] MIDDLE CLASSES AS WELL AS ! PEASANTS1 :O ALWAYS SIDE ) ! 
/RONGE/1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( A %ALL[ & ECONOMICALLY UNIMPORTANT 
LAY]1 WILL /& ) ,CAPITALISM UNTIL ! V]Y 5D4 

,! REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA WAS VICTORI\S ) ! HELP ( ! POOR 
PEASANTS4 ,?IS %\LD ALWAYS BE BORNE 9 M9D H]E 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & 
ALL ! WORLD OV]4 ,BUT ! WORK]S 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE /& ALONE3 ?IS 
%\LD NEV] BE =GOTT5 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,! PROLET>IAT 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE /&S ALONE4 

,?IS IS ! ABSOLUTE TRU?3 & ON ?IS TRU? \R TACTICS MU/ BE 
BAS$4 ,ALL TACTICS ?AT >E NOT BAS$ ON ?IS >E FALSE1 & LEAD ! 
PROLET>IAT TO T]RIBLE DEFEAT4 

,PRACTICE ALSO HAS PROV$ ?AT !SE ASS]TIONS >E TRUE1 = ! POOR 
PEASANTS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE HAVE NOT ONLY NO PROGRAM & FAIL$ TO 
CLAIM ! L&1 BUT !Y DO NOT EV5 /IR N[ ?AT ,COMMUNISM IS 
APPROA*+4 ,AS ,I HAVE OBS]V$ BE=E1 ?IS /ATEM5T IS NOT TO BE 
TAK5 ABSOLUTELY LIT]ALLY4 ,!RE >E REGIONS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE :]E1 
AS WE HAVE M5TION$ BE=E1 L&$ PROP]TY ON A L>GE SCALE IS 
PR$OM9ANT1 & :]E ! PEASANTS >E !RE=E 9 FAVOR ( 
,COMMUNISM4 ,!RE >E YET O!R REGIONS :]E ! LOCAL CONDITIONS >E 
SU* ?AT ! POOR PEASANTS MAY BE WON = ,COMMUNISM4 ,BUT !SE REGIONS 
>E COMP>ATIVELY SMALL4 ,NEI!R DO ,I WI% TO IMPLY ?AT QUITE AT ! 
CLOSE ( ! REVOLUTION1 :5 ALL ?+S >E COM+ D[N1 !RE WILL BE 
NO POOR PEASANTS DOM+ TO \R SIDE4 ,!Y UND\BT$LY WILL4 ,?AT IS :Y 
WE MU/ C>RY ON AN UNCEAS+ PROPAG&A AMONG !M4 ,\R TACTICS1 
H[EV]1 MU/ BE ADOPT$ = ! BEG9N+ & = ! C\RSE ( ! 
REVOLUTION4 ,:AT ,I MEAN IS ! G5]AL TR5D1 ! G5]AL T5D5CY ( 
CONDITIONS4 ,& IT IS ON !SE ALONE ?AT \R TACTICS MU/ BE 
BAS$4.<#e.> 

,FROM ?IS !RE FOLL[S 9 ! FIR/ PLACE - & IT %\LD BE 
CLE>LY1 EMPHATICALLY & PLA9LY /AT$ - ?AT 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE 
! REAL REVOLUTION1 ?AT IS TO SAY ! OV]?R[ ( ,CAPITALISM1 & ! 
]ECTION & P]MAN5T 9/ITUTION ( ,COMMUNISM1 = ! TIME BE+ IS 
POSSIBLE ONLY 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES :]E ! PROLET>IAT ,B,Y ,I,T,S,E,L,F IS 
/RONG 5\< AGA9/ ALL ! O!R CLASSES - 9 ,G]MANY1 ,5GL&1 
& ,ITALY1 :]E ! HELP ( ! POOR PEASANTS IS NOT POSSIBLE4 ,9 ! 
O!R C\NTRIES ! REVOLUTION CAN ONLY BE PREP>$ AS YET BY MEANS ( 
PROPAG&A1 ORGANIZATION & FI<T+4 ,! REVOLUTION ITSELF CAN ONLY 
FOLL[ :5 ! ECONOMIC CONDITIONS WILL BE ?US MU* %AK5 ?R\< ! 
REVOLUTION 9 ! BIG ,/ATES 7,RUSSIA1 ,G]MANY1 & ,5GL&71 ?AT ! 
B\RGEOIS CLASS WILL HAVE GR[N SUFFICI5TLY WEAK4 ,= Y\ WILL AGREE 
) ME ?AT WE CANNOT BASE \R TACTICS ON EV5TS ?AT MAY COME1 BUT 
?AT MAY ALSO NEV] HAPP5 7HELP FROM ! ,RUSSIAN >MIES1 RIS+S 9 
,9DIA1 T]RIBLE CRISES1 ETC41 ETC474 

,?AT Y\ %\LD HAVE FAIL$ TO RECOGNIZE ?IS TRU? CONC]N+ ! 
IMPORTANCE ( ! POOR PEASANTS1 ,COMRADE1 IS Y\R FIR/ GREAT MI/AKE1 
& LIKEWISE ?AT ( ! ,EXECUTIVE 9 ,MOSC[ & ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL 
,CONGRESS4 

,:AT DOES IT MEAN ) REG>D TO TACTICS1 ?IS FACT ?AT ! 
PROLET>IAT ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE /&S ALL ALONE3 ?AT IT HAS NO PROSPECT 
( ANY HELP :ATSOEV] FROM ANY O!R CLASS8 

,IT MEANS1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ?AT ! DEM&S MADE ON ! MASSES >E 
F> GREAT] H]E ?AN 9 ,RUSSIA - ?AT1 !RE=E1 ! PROLET>IAN 
MASS IS ( F> GREAT] IMPORTANCE 9 ! REVOLUTION4 ,& 9 ! SECOND 
PLACE ?AT ! IMPORTANCE ( ! LEAD]S IS PROPORTIONATELY SMALL]4 

,= ! ,RUSSIAN MASSES1 ! PROLET>IANS1 KNEW = C]TA91 & 
ALREADY SAW DUR+ ! W>1 & 9 P>T BE=E !IR V]Y EYES1 ?AT ! 
PEASANTS W\LD SOON BE ON !IR SIDE4 ,! ,G]MAN PROLET>IANS1 TO TAKE 
!M FIR/1 KN[ ?AT !Y WILL BE OPPOS$ BY ,G]MAN ,CAPITALISM 9 ITS 
5TIRETY1 ) ALL ITS CLASSES4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ALREADY BE=E ! W> ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IANS 
NUMB]$ FROM N9ETE5 TO TW5TY MILLION ACTUAL WORK]S1 ( A POPULATION 
( SEV5TY MILLION1 BUT !Y /OOD ALONE AGA9/ ALL ! O!R 
CLASSES4.<#f.> ,!Y >E 
OPPOS$ BY A ,CAPITALISM ?AT IS IMMEASURABLY /RONG] ?AN ?AT ( 
,RUSSIA - & !Y >E ,U,N,>,M,$4 ,! ,RUSSIANS W]E >M$4 

,FROM EV]Y ,G]MAN PROLET>IAN !RE=E1 FROM EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL1 ! 
REVOLUTION DEM&S A F> GREAT] C\RAGE & SPIRIT ( SACRIFICE ?AN 
WAS NECESS>Y 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,?IS IS ! \TCOME ( ! ECONOMIC CLASS RELATIONS 9 ,G]MANY1 & 
NOT ( SOME !ORY OR IDEA RIS5 FROM ! BRA9 ( REVOLUTION>Y 
ROMANTICS OR 9TELLECTUALS6 

,UNLESS ! 5TIRE CLASS OR AT LEA/ ! GREAT MAJORITY /& UP = 
! REVOLUTION P]SONALLY1 ) ALMO/ SUP]HUMAN =CE1 9 OPPOSITION 
TO ALL ! O!R CLASSES1 ! REVOLUTION WILL FAIL2 = Y\ WILL AGREE 
) ME AGA9 ?AT ON DET]M9+ \R TACTICS WE %\LD RECKON ) \R 
[N =CES1 NOT ) ?OSE FROM \TSIDE - ON ,RUSSIAN HELP1 = 
9/ANCE4 

,! PROLET>IAT ALMO/ UN>M$1 ALONE1 )\T HELP1 AGA9/ A 
CLOSELY UNIT$ ,CAPITALISM1 MEANS = ,G]MANY ?AT EV]Y PROLET>IAN MU/ 
BE A CONSCI\S FI<T]1 EV]Y PROLET>IAN A H]O2 & IT IS ! SAME = 
ALL ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 

,= ! MAJORITY ( ! PROLET>IAT TO TURN 9TO CONSCI\S1 /EADFA/ 
FI<T]S1 9TO REAL ,COMMUNI/S1 !Y MU/ BE GREAT]1 IMMEASURABLY 
GREAT]1 H]E ?AN 9 ,RUSSIA1 9 AN ABSOLUTE AS WELL AS A RELATIVE 
S5SE4 ,& ONCE MORE3 ?IS IS ! \TCOME1 NOT ( ! REPRES5TATIONS1 
! DREAMS ( SOME 9TELLECTUAL1 OR POET1 BUT ( ! PURE/ 
REALITIES4 

,& AS ! IMPORTANCE ( ! CLASS GR[S1 ! IMPORTANCE ( ! 
LEAD]S BECOMES RELATIVELY LESS4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT WE MU/ NOT 
HAVE ! V]Y BE/ ( LEAD]S4 ,! BE/ >E NOT GOOD 5\<2 WE >E 
TRY+ H>D TO F9D !M4 ,IT ONLY MEANS ?AT ! IMPORTANCE ( ! 
LEAD]S1 AS COMP>$ TO ?AT ( ! MASSES1 IS DECREAS+4 

,= Y\1 :O HAD TO W9 A C\NTRY ( #af MILLION1 ) ! HELP ( 
SEV5 OR EI<T MILLION1 ! IMPORTANCE ( ! LEAD]S WAS C]TA9LY 
IMM5SE6 ,TO TRIUMPH OV] SO MANY1 ) SO FEW1 IS 9 ! FIR/ PLACE A 
MATT] ( TACTICS4 ,TO DO AS Y\ DID1 ,COMRADE1 TO W9 SU* A HUGE L&1 
) SU* SMALL =CES1 BUT ) ASSI/ANCE FROM \TSIDE1 ALL DEP5DS 9 
! FIR/ PLACE ON ! TACTICS ( ! LEAD]4 ,:5 Y\1 ,COMRADE ,L591 
/>T$ ! /RUGGLE ) A SMALL GA!R+ ( PROLET>IANS1 IT WAS 9 
! FIR/ PLACE Y\R TACTICS ?AT 9 ! CRUCIAL MOM5TS WAG$ ! 
BATTLES & WON ! POOR PEASANTS4 

,BUT :AT AB\T ,G]MANY8 ,!RE ! CLEV]E/ ( TACTICS1 ! GREATE/ 
CL>ITY1 EV5 ! G5IUS ( LEAD]S1 CANNOT ATTA9 MU*4 ,!RE Y\ HAVE 
AN 9EXORABLE CLASS 5MITY1 ONE AGA9/ ALL ! O!RS4 ,!RE ! 
PROLET>IAN CLASS MU/ TIP ! SCALES = ITSELF - ?R\< ITS 
P[]1 ITS NUMB]S4 ,ITS P[]1 H[EV]1 IS BAS$ ABOVE ALL ON ITS 
QUALITY1 ! 5EMY BE+ SO MI<TY & SO 5DLESSLY BETT] ORGANIZ$ & 
>M$ ?AN ! PROLET>IAT4 

,Y\ OPPOS$ ! ,RUSSIAN POSSESS+ CLASSES1 AS ,DAVID OPPOS$ ,GOLIA?4 
,DAVID WAS LITTLE1 BUT HE HAD A DEADLY WEAPON4 ,! ,G]MAN1 ! ,5GLI%1 
! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT OPPOSE ,CAPITALISM AS ONE GIANT DOES 
ANO!R4 ,BETWE5 !M ALL DEP5DS ON /R5G? - /R5G? ( BODY1 
& ABOVE ALL ( M9D4 

,HAVE Y\ NOT OBS]V$1 ,COMRADE ,L591 ?AT 9 ,G]MANY !RE >E NO 
GREAT LEAD]S8 ,!Y >E ALL QUITE ORD9>Y M54 ,?IS PO9TS TO ! FACT 
?AT ?IS REVOLUTION MU/ 9 ! FIR/ PLACE BE ! WORK ( ! MASSES1 
NOT ( ! LEAD]S4 

,TO MY IDEA ?IS IS SOME?+ MORE WOND]FUL & GR& ?AN HAS EV] 
BE51 & IT IS AN 9DICATION ( :AT ,COMMUNISM WILL BE4 

,& AS IT IS 9 ,G]MANY1 IT IS 9 ALL ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 = EV]Y:]E 
! PROLET>IAT /&S ALONE4 

,! REVOLUTION ( ! MASSES1 ( ! WORK]S - ( ! MASSES ( 
WORK]S ALONE1 = ! FIR/ TIME 9 ! WORLD4 

,& NOT BECAUSE ?US IT IS GOOD1 OR BEAUTIFUL1 OR CONCEIV$ 9 
SOMEONE'S BRA91 BUT BECAUSE ! ECONOMIC & CLASS RELATIONS WILL 
IT4.<#g.> 

,9 O!R WORDS1 & TO READ ! MATT] AS CLE>LY AS POSSIBLE3 ! 
RELATION BETWE5 ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN & ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION CAN BE 
DEMON/RAT$ BY MEANS ( ! FOLL[+ COMP>ISON3 

,SUPPOS+ ?AT 9 AN ,ASIATIC C\NTRY LIKE ,*9A OR ,BRITI% ,9DIA1 
:]E ONLY ONE HALF A P] C5T ( ! 9HABITANTS >E 9DU/RIAL 
PROLET>IANS1 & #h P] C5T SMALL PEASANTS1 A REVOLUTION %\LD BREAK 
\T1 & %\LD BE SUCCESSFULLY C>RI$ ?R\< BY ?OSE SMALL PEASANTS 
UND] ! LEAD ( ! POLITICALLY & SOCIALLY MORE TRA9$ PROLET>IANS 
?AT W]E UNIT$ 9 LOCAL TRADE UNIONS & CO-OP]ATIVES4 ,IF !SE 
,*9ESE OR ,9DIAN WORK]S PROCLAIM$ TO !M3 

0,WE HAVE WON ?R\< \R LOCAL TRADE UNIONS & CO-OP]ATIVES1 
& N[ Y\ MU/ DO ! SAME ) REG>D TO Y\R REVOLUTION10 :AT 
W\LD ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S HAVE REPLI$8 ,!Y W\LD HAVE SAID3 

0,DE> FRI5DS1 ?IS IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,\R C\NTRY IS F> MORE 
DEVELOP$ ?AN Y\RS4 ,) US NOT HALF1 BUT ?REE P] C5T ( ! 
POPULATION >E 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IANS4 ,\R ,CAPITALISM IS MORE P[]FUL 
?AN Y\RS1 !RE=E WE NE$ BETT] & MORE P[]FUL ORGANIZATIONS 
?AN Y\ DID40 

,FROM ?IS DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,RUSSIA & ,WE/]N ,EUROPE !RE FOLL[S 
LIKEWISE3 

#a4 ,?AT :5 Y\1 OR ! ,EXECUTIVE 9 ,MOSC[1 OR ! 
OPPORTUNI/ ,COMMUNI/S ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ( ! ,SP>TAKUS ,LEAGUE1 OR ( 
! ,5GLI% ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 SAY3 0,IT IS NONS5SE TO FI<T AB\T 
! QUE/ION ( LEAD] OR MASSES10 ?AT Y\ 9 ?AT CASE >E WRONG 
AS REG>DS US1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE WE >E YET TRY+ TO F9D ?OSE LEAD]S1 
BUT ALSO BECAUSE = Y\ ?IS QUE/ION HAS QUITE ANO!R MEAN+4 

#b4 ,?AT :5 Y\ SAY TO US3 0,LEAD] & MASS 
MU/ BE ONE 9SEP>ABLE :OLE10 Y\ >E WRONG1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE WE 
>E /RIV+ = ?AT UNITY1 BUT ALSO BECAUSE ?AT QUE/ION HAS ANO!R 
MEAN+ = Y\ ?AN = US4 

#c4 ,?AT :5 Y\ MAY3 0,9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 
!RE %\LD REIGN IRON DISCIPL9E1 & ABSOLUTE MILIT>Y 
C5TRALIZATION10 ?IS IS WRONG1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE WE >E SEEK+ 
IRON DISCIPL9E & /RONG C5TRALIZATION1 BUT ALSO BECAUSE ?IS 
QUE/ION HAS A DIFF]5T MEAN+ = US & = Y\4 

#d4 ,?AT :5 Y\ SAY3 0,WE ACT$ 9 SU* & 
SU* A WAY 9 ,RUSSIA 7AFT] ! ,KORNILOV (F5SIVE = 9/ANCE1 OR SOME 
O!R EPISODE71 OR 5T]$ ,P>LIAM5T DUR+ ?IS OR ?AT P]IOD1 OR WE 
REMA9$ 9 ! TRADE UNIONS1 & !RE=E ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT MU/ 
DO ! SAME10 ALL ?IS MEANS ABSOLUTELY NO?+1 & NE$ NOT OR 
CANNOT BE APPLICABLE 9 ANY WAY4 ,= ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN CLASS RELATIONS 
9 ! /RUGGLE1 9 ! REVOLUTION1 >E QUITE DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ( 
,RUSSIA4 

#e4 ,?AT :5 Y\ WI% TO =CE UPON US TACTICS ?AT 
W]E GOOD 9 ,RUSSIA - TACTICS1 = 9/ANCE1 ?AT W]E BAS$1 
CONSCI\SLY OR UNCONSCI\SLY1 ON ! CONVICTION ?AT H]E ! POOR 
PEASANTS WILL SOON JO9 ! PROLET>IAT - 9 O!R WORDS1 ?AT ! 
PROLET>IAT DOES NOT /& ALONE - ?AT Y\R TACTICS1 :I* Y\ 
PRESCRIBE1 & :I* >E FOLL[$ H]E1 WILL LEAD ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN 
PROLET>IAT 9TO RU91 & ! MO/ T]RIBLE DEFEAT4 

#f4 ,?AT :5 Y\1 OR ! ,EXECUTIVE 9 ,MOSC[1 OR ! 
OPPORTUNI/ ELEM5TS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 LIKE ! ,C5TRAL ,BO>D ( ! 
,SP>TAKUS ,LEAGUE OR ! ,B,S,P1 TRY TO COMPEL US TO FOLL[ OPPORTUNI/ 
TACTICS 7OPPORTUNISM ALWAYS SEEKS ! SUPPORT ( \TSIDE ELEM5TS1 ?AT 
=SAKE ! PROLET>IAT71 Y\ >E WRONG4 

,! G5]AL BASES ON :I* ! TACTICS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE MU/ BE 
F\ND$ >E !SE3 ! RECOGNITION ?AT ! PROLET>IAT /&S ALONE1 
?AT IT IS TO EXPECT NO HELP1 ?AT ! IMPORTANCE ( ! MASS IS 
GREAT]1 & ?AT ( ! LEAD]S RELATIVELY SMALL]4 

,?IS WAS NOT SE5 BY ,RADEK :5 HE WAS 9 ,G]MANY1 NOT BY ! 
,EXECUTIVE 9 ,MOSC[1 NOR BY Y\1 AS IS EVID5T FROM Y\R WORDS4 

,& IT IS ON !SE BASES ?AT ! TACTICS ( ! 
,KOMMUNI/IS*E-,>BEIT] ,P>TEI 9 ,G]MANY1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,SYLVIA 
,PANKHUR/1.<#h.> & ! 
MAJORITY ( ! ,AM/]DAM ,COMMISSION1 AS APPO9T$ BY ,MOSC[1 >E 
F\ND$4 

,IT IS ON !SE GR\NDS ?AT !Y /RIVE1 ABOVE ALL1 TO RAISE ! 
MASSES AS A :OLE1 & ! 9DIVIDUALS TO A HI<] LEVEL1 TO $UCATE 
!M ONE BY ONE TO BE REVOLUTION>Y FI<T]S1 BY MAK+ !M REALIZE 
7NOT ?R\< !ORY ONLY1 BUT ESPECIALLY BY PRACTICE71 ?AT ALL DEP5DS 
ON !M1 ?AT !Y >E TO EXPECT NO?+ FROM =EIGN HELP1 V]Y LITTLE 
FROM LEAD]S1 & ALL FROM !MSELVES4 

,!ORETICALLY1 !RE=E1 & AP>T FROM PRIVATE UTT]ANCES1 M9OR 
QUE/IONS & EXCRESC5CES1 :I* LIKE ?OSE ( ,WOLFFHEIM & 
,LAUF5B]G1 >E 9EVITABLE 9 ! FIR/ PHASES ( A MOVEM5T1 ! VIEW 
TAK5 BY !SE P>TIES & COMRADES IS QUITE RI<T1 & Y\R OPPOSITION 
ABSOLUTELY WRONG4.<#i.> 

,ON GO+ FROM ! ,EA/ TO ! ,WE/ ( ,EUROPE1 WE TRAV]SE AT A GIV5 
MOM5T AN ECONOMIC B\ND>Y4 ,IT RUNS FROM ! ,BALTIC TO ! 
,M$IT]RANEAN1 SOME:]E FROM ,DANZIG TO ,V5ICE4 ,?IS L9E DIVIDES TWO 
WORLDS4 ,WE/ ( ?IS L9E !RE IS A PRACTICALLY ABSOLUTE DOM9ATION ( 
9DU/RIAL1 COMM]CIAL & F9ANCIAL CAPITAL1 UNIT$ 9 ! MO/ HI<LY 
DEVELOP$ BANK+ CAPITAL4 

,EV5 AGRICULTURAL CAPITAL IS SUBJECT TO1 OR HAS BE5 COMPELL$ TO 
UNITE )1 ?IS CAPITAL4 ,?IS CAPITAL IS ORGANIZ$ TO ! UTMO/ 
DEGREE1 & CONV]GES 9 ! MO/ FIRMLY E/ABLI%$ ,/ATE ,GOV]NM5TS 
( ! WORLD4 

,EA/ ( ! L9E !RE IS NEI!R ?IS GIGANTIC DEVELOPM5T ( 
9DU/RIAL1 COMM]CIAL1 TRANSPORT & BANK+ CAPITAL1 NOT ITS ALMO/ 
ABSOLUTE DOM9ATION1 NOR1 CONSEQU5TLY1 ! FIRMLY E/ABLI%$ MOD]N 
,/ATE4 

,IT W\LD BE M>VEL\S1 9DE$1 IF ! TACTICS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y 
PROLET>IAT WE/ ( ?IS B\ND>Y-L9E W]E ! SAME AS 9 ! EA/6 

,I,I4 ,! ,QUE/ION ( ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS 

,HAV+ BR\<T =W>D ! G5]AL !ORETICAL BASES1 ,I WILL N[ 
PROCE$ TO PROVE1 ALSO BY PRACTICE1 ?AT ! ,LEFT ,W+ 9 ,G]MANY & 
,5GL& IS RI<T 9 G5]AL PR9CIPLES - ON ! QUE/IONS ( ! 
,TRADE ,UNIONS & ( P>LIAM5T>ISM4 

,FIR/ WE WILL TAKE ! QUE/ION ( ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 

0,AS P>LIAM5T>ISM EMBODIES ! SPIRITUAL1 ?US ! ,TRADE ,UNION 
MOVEM5T EMBODIES ! MAT]IAL P[] ( ! LEAD]S OV] ! MASSES ( 
! WORK]S4 ,UND] CAPITALISM ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS CON/ITUTE ! NATURAL 
ORGANIZATIONS = UNIT+ ! PROLET>IAT1 & AS SU* ,M>X1 ALREADY 
FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+1 HAS DEMON/RAT$ !IR IMPORTANCE4 ,UND] A MORE 
DEVELOP$ CAPITALISM1 & TO A GREAT] EXT5T EV5 9 ! AGE ( 
IMP]IALISM1 ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS HAVE EV] MORE BECOME GIGANTIC UNIONS1 
) A TR5D ( DEVELOPM5T1 EQUAL TO ?AT ( ! B\RGEOIS ,/ATE BODIES 
!MSELVES4 ,!Y HAVE PRODUC$ A CLASS ( (FICIALS1 A BUREAUCRACY1 ?AT 
CONTROLS ALL ! 5G9ES ( P[] ( ! ORGANIZATION1 ! F9ANCES1 ! 
PRESS1 ! APPO9TM5T ( L[] (FICIALS2 (T5 IT IS 9VE/$ ) 
EV5 GREAT] P[]1 SO ?AT FROM A S]VANT ( ! RANK & FILE1 IT HAS 
BECOME ! MA/]1 ID5TIFY+ ITSELF ) ! ORGANIZATION4 ,! ,TRADE 
,UNIONS CAN BE COMP>$ TO ! ,/ATE & ITS BUREAUCRACY1 ALSO 9 ?IS3 
?AT1 NOT)/&+ ! DEMOCRACY ?AT IS SUPPOS$ TO REIGN !RE1 ! 
MEMB]S >E UNABLE TO 5=CE !IR WILL AGA9/ ! BUREAUCRACY2 EV]Y 
REVOLT IS BROK5 AGA9/ ! CLEV]LY CON/RUCT$ APP>ATUS ( (FICIAL 
ORD9ANCES & /ATUTES1 BE=E IT HAS BE5 ABLE EV5 TO %AKE ! 
HI<E/ REGIONS4 

0,ONLY ! MO/ T5ACI\S P]SEV]ANCE OV] SEV]AL YE>S CAN OBTA9 
EV5 A MOD]ATE RESULT1 :I* MO/LY REMA9S RE/RICT$ TO A *ANGE ( 
P]SONS4 ,9 ! LA/ FEW YE>S1 BE=E & AFT] ! W>1 9 ,5GL&1 
,G]MANY1 & ,AM]ICA1 ?IS (T5 GAVE RISE TO REBELLIONS ( ! MEMB]S1 
:O />T$ /RIKES ON !IR [N ACC\NT1 AGA9/ ! WILL ( ! 
LEAD]S1 OR ! DECREES ( ! UNION ITSELF4 ,?AT ?IS %\LD SEEM 
NATURAL1 & BE ACCEPT$ AS SU*1 IS AN 9DICATION 9 ITSELF ?AT ! 
ORGANIZATION DOES NOT REPRES5T ! TOTALITY ( ! MEMB]S1 BUT 
SOME?+ ALTOGE!R =EIGN TO !M2 & ! WORK]S DO NOT CONTROL 
!IR UNION1 BUT ?AT ! UNION IS PLAC$ OV] !M AS AN \TSIDE P[] 
AGA9/ :I* !Y CAN REBEL - A P[] :I*1 ALL ! SAME1 HAS 
ITS ORIG9 9 !MSELVES3 AGA91 !RE=E1 AN ANALOGY ) ! ,/ATE4 
,ONCE ! REVOLT IS OV]1 ! OLD DOM9ATION BEG9S AGA94 ,9 SPITE ( 
! HATR$ & IMPOT5T EXASP]ATION ( ! MASSES1 ?IS DOM9ATION 
MANAGES TO MA9TA9 ITSELF1 [+ TO ! 9DIFF]5CE & LACK ( CLE> 
9SI<T1 & ( A UNIT$1 9DOMITABLE WILL 9 ! MASSES1 & UPHELD AS 
IT IS BY ! 9N] NE$ = ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 ! ONLY MEANS ! WORK]S 
HAVE TO GA9 /R5G? ?R\< UNITY1 9 !IR /RUGGLE AGA9/ 
CAPITAL40 

,WAN+ ( ,T,U ,9FLU5CE 

0,FI<T+ AGA9/ CAPITAL1 9 A CON/ANT OPPOSITION AGA9/ ITS 
T5D5CY ( 9CREAS+ MIS]Y1 & 5ABL+ ! WORK+ CLASS1 ?R\< 
! RE/RICTION ( !SE T5D5CIES1 TO KEEP ! EXI/5CE ! ,TRADE 
,UNION MOVEM5T1 HAS PLAY$ ITS P>T UND] CAPITALISM1 & HAS ?US 
BECOME ITSELF A MEMB] ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,IT IS ONLY AT ! 
BEG9N+ ( ! REVOLUTION1 :5 ! PROLET>IAT1 FROM A MEMB] ( 
CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 IS TURN$ 9TO ! ANNIHILATOR ( ?IS SOCIETY1 ?AT 
! ,TRADE ,UNION F9DS ITSELF 9 OPPOSITION TO ! PROLET>IAT4 

0,?AT :I* ,M>X & ,L59 DEMON/RAT$ = ! ,/ATE3 ?AT ITS 
ORGANIZATION1 9 SPITE ( =MAL DEMOCRACY1 MAKES IT IMPOSSIBLE TO TURN 
IT 9TO AN ,9/RUM5T ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION1 MU/ ALSO HOLD GOOD 
!RE=E = ! ,TRADE ,UNION ORGANIZATIONS4 ,!IR C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y 
P[] CANNOT BE DE/ROY$ OR WEAK5$ ?R\< A *ANGE ( /AFF1 ?R\< 
! REPLAC+ ( REACTION>Y LEAD]S BY RADICAL OR REVOLUTION>Y 
ELEM5TS4 

0,IT IS ! =M ( ORGANIZATION ?AT R5D]S ! MASSES AS GOOD AS 
P[]LESS1 & PREV5TS !M FROM TURN+ ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS 9TO ! 
ORGANS ( !IR WILL4 ,! REVOLUTION CAN TRIUMPH ONLY IF IT COMPLETELY 
DE/ROYS ?IS ORGANIZATION3 ?AT IS TO SAY1 IF IT ALT]S ! =M ( 
ORGANIZATION SO FUNDAM5TALLY AS TO TURN IT 9TO SOME?+ ALTOGE!R 
DIFF]5T4 ,! ,SOVIET SY/EM1 ! CON/RUCTION FROM )91 IS NOT ONLY 
ABLE TO UPROOT & ABOLI% ! ,/ATE1 BUT ALSO ! ,TRADE ,UNION 
BUREAUCRACY3 IT WILL CON/ITUTE NOT ONLY ! NEW POLITICAL ORGANS ( ! 
PROLET>IAT AS OPPOS$ TO CAPITALISM1 BUT LIKEWISE ! F\NDATION = 
! NEW ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 ,9 ! P>TY FACTIONS 9 ,G]MANY1 ! IDEA ( A 
=M ( ORGANIZATION BE+ REVOLUTION>Y HAS BE5 MOCK$ AT1 BECAUSE IT 
IS ONLY ! REVOLUTION>Y S5TIM5T1 ! REVOLUTION>Y M9D ( ! 
MEMB]S1 ?AT MATT]S4 ,H[EV]1 IF ! MO/ IMPORTANT P>T ( ! 
REVOLUTION CONSI/S 9 ! MASSES CONDUCT+ !IR [N CONC]NS - 
! CONTROL ( SOCIETY & PRODUCTION - !N EV]Y =M ( 
ORGANIZATION ?AT DOES NOT ALL[ ! MASSES TO RULE & TO GUIDE = 
!MSELVES1 MU/ NE$S BE C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y & H>MFUL1 & AS SU* 
IT MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY ANO!R =M1 :I* IS REVOLUTION>Y 9 SO F> AS 
IT ALL[S ! WORK]S TO DECIDE MATT]S = !MSELVES4 

0,?R\< !IR V]Y NATURE ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS >E USELESS >MS = ! 
,WE/-,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION6 ,AP>T FROM ! FACT ?AT !Y HAVE BECOME 
TOOLS ( CAPITALISM1 & ?AT !Y >E 9 ! H&S ( TRAITORS1 AP>T 
FROM ! FACT ?AT ?R\< !IR NATURE !Y >E B\ND TO MAKE SLAVES ( 
! MEMB]S1 NO MATT] :AT ! LEAD]S MAY BE1 !Y >E ALSO UNFIT = 
USE G5]ALLY40 7,PANNEKOEK #a#i#b7 

,! ,H>D] ,TASK ( ,EUROPE4 

,! ,TRADE ,UNIONS >E TOO WEAK 9 ! CONTE/ AGA9/ ! MO/ 
HI<LY-ORGANIZ$ CAPITAL 9 ,WE/]N-,EUROPEAN ,/ATES4 ,!SE LATT] >E 
P[]FUL3 ! UNIONS >E NOT4 ,TO A GREAT EXT5T ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS >E 
,PR(ESSIONAL ,UNIONS AS YET1 :I* CANNOT MAKE A REVOLUTION1 IF IT W]E 
= ?AT FACT ALONE4 ,& 9 SO F> AS !Y >E 9DU/RIAL UNIONS1 !Y 
>E NOT F\ND$ ON ! FACTORIES1 ON ! WORK%OPS !MSELVES1 & >E 
CONSEQU5TLY WEAK4 ,ALSO !Y >E MORE UNIONS = MUTUAL AID ?AN = 
/RUGGLE1 DAT+ AS !Y DO FROM ! DAYS ( ! SMALL B\RGEOISIE4 ,EV5 
BE=E ! REVOLUTION1 !IR ORGANIZATION WAS ALREADY 9ADEQUATE = ! 
/RUGGLE2 = ! ,REVOLUTION ITSELF IT CANNOT S]VE AT ALL - 9 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,= ! FACTORIES1 ! WORK]S 9 ! FACTORIES1 MAKE 
! REVOLUTION1 NOT 9 ! 9DU/RIES & PR(ESSIONS1 BUT 9 ! 
WORK%OPS4 ,MOREOV]1 !SE UNIONS >E F> TOO SL[-WORK+1 COMPLICAT$ 
9/RUM5TS1 GOOD ONLY = ! EVOLUTION>Y P]IOD4 ,EV5 IF ! 
REVOLUTION %\LD NOT SUCCE$ RI<T AWAY1 & WE HAD ONCE MORE TO REV]T 
TO PEACEFUL ACTION = A :ILE1 ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS W\LD HAVE TO BE 
DE/ROY$ & REPLAC$ BY 9DU/RIAL UNIONS1 ON A BASIS ( 9DU/RIAL OR 
WORK%OP ORGANIZATION4 ,& ) !SE MIS]ABLE ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 ?AT MU/ 
BE DONE AWAY ) 9 ANY CASE1 !Y WANT TO MAKE ! REVOLUTION6 ,! 
WORK]S 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE NE$ ,W,E,A,P,O,N,S = ! REVOLUTION4 ,! ONLY 
WEAPONS = ! REVOLUTION 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE >E ,9DU/RIAL 
,ORGANIZATIONS4 ,& !SE UNIT$ 9TO ,O,N,E BIG :OLE6 

,! WORK]S 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE NE$ ! V]Y BE/ WEAPONS4 ,!Y /& 
ALONE3 !Y HAVE NO HELP4 ,& !RE=E !Y NE$ !SE 9DU/RIAL 
ORGANIZATIONS4 ,9 ,G]MANY & ,5GL& !Y NE$ !M AT ONCE1 BECAUSE 
!RE ! REVOLUTION IS NE>E/ AT H&4 ,! O!R C\NTRIES MU/ HAVE 
!M AS SOON AS POSSIBLE1 AS SOON AS WE CAN BUILD !M4 

,IT IS NO GOOD AT ALL1 ,COMRADE ,L591 Y\R SAY+3 9 ,RUSSIA WE DID IT 
9 SU* & SU* A WAY1 = 9 ! FIR/ PLACE Y\ HAD NO ORGANIZATIONS 
?AT W]E SO 9ADEQUATE = ! /RUGGLE AS MANY ( ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS >E 
H]E4 ,Y\ HAD 9DU/RIAL UNIONS4 ,SECONDLY1 Y\R WORK]S W]E MORE 
REVOLUTION>Y 9 SPIRIT4 ,?IRDLY1 ! ORGANIZATION ( ! CAPITALI/S 
WAS WEAK3 & ! ,/ATE ALSO4 ,& 9 ! F\R? PLACE1 & ?IS IS ! 
MA9 PO9T3 Y\ HAD HELP4 ,Y\ DID NOT NE$ ! V]Y BE/ ( WEAPONS4 ,WE 
/& ALONE1 WE MU/ HAVE !M4 ,WE WILL NOT W9 UNLESS WE HAVE !M4 ,WE 
WILL BE DEFEAT$ OV] & OV] AGA91 UNLESS WE HAVE !M4 

,O!R GR\NDS ?AN MAT]IAL ONES ALSO DEMON/RATE ?IS4 

,RECALL 9 Y\R M9D1 ,COMRADE1 H[ ?+S W]E 9 ,G]MANY1 BE=E & 
DUR+ ! W>4 ,! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 ! F> TOO WEAK BUT ONLY MEANS1 W]E 
5TIRELY 9 ! H&S ( ! LEAD]S1 :O US$ !M AS DEAD MA*9ES ON 
BEHALF ( CAPITALISM4 ,!N ! REVOLUTION BROKE \T4 ,! ,TRADE ,UNIONS 
W]E US$ BY ! LEAD]S & ! MASSES ( MEMB]S AS A WEAPON AGA9/ 
! REVOLUTION4 ,IT WAS ?R\< !IR HELP1 ?R\< !IR COOP]ATION1 
?R\< !IR LEAD]S1 NAY1 P>TLY EV5 ?R\< !IR MEMB]S ?AT ! 
REVOLUTION WAS MURD]$4 ,! ,COMMUNI/S SAW !IR [N BRO!RS BE+ 
%OT ) ! COOP]ATION ( ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 ,/RIKES 9 FAVOR ( ! 
REVOLUTION W]E PREV5T$1 R5D]$ IMPOSSIBLE4 ,DO Y\ HOLD IT POSSIBLE1 
,COMRADE1 ?AT UND] SU* CONDITIONS REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S %\LD REMA9 
9 !SE UNIONS8 ,ESPECIALLY :5 !SE LATT] >E UTT]LY 9ADEQUATE 
9/RUM5TS = ! REVOLUTION6 ,9 MY OP9ION ?IS IS A PHYSICAL 
IMPOSSIBILITY4 ,:AT W\LD Y\ Y\RSELF HAVE DONE1 AS A MEMB] ( A 
POLITICAL P>TY1 ?AT ( ! ,M5%EVI/S = 9/ANCE1 IF !SE HAD 
ACT$ ?US 9 ! REVOLUTION8 ,Y\ W\LD HAVE SPLIT ! ,P>TY 7IF Y\ HAD 
NOT ALREADY DONE SO76 ,Y\ WILL REPLY3 

?IS WAS A POLITICAL P>TY1 IT IS DIFF]5T 9 ! CASE ( A ,TRADE 
,UNION4 ,I BELIEVE Y\ >E MI/AK54 ,9 ! REVOLUTION1 DUR+ ! 
REVOLUTION1 EV]Y ,TRADE ,UNION1 EV]Y WORK]S' UNION EV51 IS A 
POLITICAL P>TY - EI!R PRO- OR C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y4 

,9 Y\R >TICLE1 H[EV]1 Y\ SAY1 & Y\ WILL DO SO N[3 !SE 
EMOTIONAL IMPULSES MU/ BE CONQU]$1 = ! SAKE ( UNITY & 
,COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A4 ,I WILL %[ Y\1 BY MEANS ( CONCRETE EXAMPLES1 
?AT DUR+ ! REVOLUTION ?IS WAS IMPOSSIBLE 9 ,G]MANY4 ,= !SE 
QUE/IONS MU/ ALSO BE CONSID]$ QUITE CONCRETELY4 ,LET US SUPPOSE ?AT 
,G]MANY HAD #a1 REALLY REVOLUTION>Y DOCK LABOR]S1 #a1 
REVOLUTION>Y METAL WORK]S1 & #a1 REVOLUTION>Y M9]S2 ?AT 
!SE W]E WILL+ TO /RIKE1 TO FI<T1 TO DIE = ! REVOLUTION1 & 
?AT ! O!R MILLIONS W]E NOT4 ,:AT >E !SE #c1 TO DO8 ,!Y 
MU/ 9 ! FIR/ PLACE UNITE1 & =M A FI<T+ LEAGUE4 ,?IS Y\ 
ACKN[L$GE4 ,)\T ORGANIZATION WORK]S CAN DO NO?+4 ,N[ A NEW 
LEAGUE AGA9/ OLD UNIONS1 EV5 IF ! WORK]S REMA9 9 ! OLD ONES1 
IS A SPLIT ALREADY2 IF NOT =MALLY1 AT ANY RATE ACTUALLY1 9 REALITY4 
,NEXT1 H[EV]1 ! MEMB]S ( ! NEW LEAGUE NE$ A PRESS1 MEET+S1 
LOCALITIES1 A SAL>I$ /AFF4 ,?IS REQUIRES HEAPS ( MONEY4 ,& ! 
,G]MAN WORK]S POSSESS NEXT TO NO?+4 ,9 ORD] TO KEEP ! NEW LEAGUE 
GO+1 !Y MU/ NE$S1 :E!R !Y LIKE IT OR NOT1 LEAVE ! OLD ONE4 
,?US WE SEE ?AT1 CONCRETELY CONSID]$1 ?AT :I* Y\1 ,COMRADE1 
PROPOSE1 IS IMPOSSIBLE4 

,BUILD ON ,NEW ,F\NDATIONS4 

,H[EV]1 !RE >E BETT] MAT]IAL GR\NDS YET4 ,! ,G]MAN WORK]S 
:O LEFT ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 ?AT WI%$ TO DE/ROY !M1 ?AT CREAT$ ! 
9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATIONS & WORK]S' UNIONS1 /OOD ,9 ,! 
,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N4 ,IT WAS NECESS>Y TO FI<T AT ,O,N,C,E4 ,! REVOLUTION WAS !RE4 
,! ,TRADE ,UNIONS REFUS$ TO FI<T4 ,:AT IS ! GOOD !N ( SAY+3 
REMA9 9 ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 PROPAGATE Y\R IDEAS1 Y\ WILL GR[ 
/RONG]1 & BECOME ! MAJORITY4 ,AP>T FROM ! FACT ?AT ! M9ORITY 
W\LD BE /RANGL$1 AS IS ! CU/OM !RE1 ?IS W\LD BE QUITE F9E1 
& ALSO ! ,LEFT ,W+ W\LD TRY IT1 IF !RE W]E ONLY TIME TO DO SO4 
,BUT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO WAIT4 ,! REVOLUTION HAD BEGUN4 ,& IT IS /ILL 
GO+ ON6 

,9 ,! ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N 7M9D1 ,COMRADE1 IT WAS 9 ! REVOLUTION ?AT ! 
,G]MAN WORK]S SPLIT ! ,P>TY1 & CREAT$ !IR ,WORK]S' ,UNION7 
! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S WILL ALWAYS SEP>ATE !MSELVES FROM ! 
SOCIAL-PATRIOTS4 ,9 ! /RUGGLE1 NO O!R WAY IS POSSIBLE4 ,NO MATT] 
:AT Y\1 & ! ,MOSC[ ,EXECUTIVE1 & ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONGRESS SAY1 
& NO MATT] H[ MU* Y\ DISLIKE A SPLIT 9 ! ,P>TY1 IT WILL ALWAYS 
TAKE PLACE1 ON PSY*OLOGICAL & MAT]IAL GR\NDS1 BECAUSE ! WORK]S 
CANNOT 9 ! LONG RUN TOL]ATE ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS %OOT+ !M1 & 
BECAUSE !RE HAS TO BE FI<T+4 

,?AT IS :Y ! ,LEFT ,W+ HAS CREAT$ ! ,WORK]S' ,UNIONS2 & 
AS !Y BELIEVE ?AT ! REVOLUTION 9 ,G]MANY IS NOT OV] YET1 BUT IT 
WILL PROCE$ TO ! F9AL VICTORY1 !Y KEEP !M UP4 

,COMRADE ,L591 IS !RE ANO!R WAY \T1 9 ! WORK]S' 
MOVEM5T1 :5 TWO TR5DS COME UP1 BUT ?AT ( FI<T+8 ,& :5 ?OSE 
TR5DS >E V]Y DIV]G5T1 IF !Y OPPOSE ONE ANO!R1 IS !RE ANO!R 
WAY \T BUT SECESSION8 ,DID Y\ EV] HE> ( ANY O!R8 ,& IS !RE 
ANY?+ MORE OPPOS$ ?AN REVOLUTION & C\NT]-REVOLUTION8 

,= ?IS REASON AGA9 ! ,K,A,P,D & ! ,G5]AL ,WORK]S' ,UNIONS 
>E QUITE RI<T4 

,&1 ,COMRADE1 HAVE NOT !SE SECESSIONS1 !SE CLE>ANCES ALWAYS BE5 
A BLESS+ = ! PROLET>IAT8 ,DOES NOT ?IS ALWAYS BECOME EVID5T 
AFT] A :ILE8 ,I HAVE SOME EXP]I5CE 9 ?IS MATT]4 ,:5 WE AS YET 
BELONG$ TO ! SOCIAL-PATRIOTIC P>TY WE HAD NO 9FLU5CE - AFT] 
\R EXPULSION WE HAD SOME - 9 ! BEG9N+1 & V]Y SOON WE WON 
A GREAT1 A V]Y GREAT 9FLU5CE4 ,& H[ AB\T Y\1 ! ,BOL%EVI/S1 
AFT] ! SECESSION8 ,I BELIEVE Y\ F>$ QUITE WELL4 ,SMALL 9FLU5CE AT 
FIR/1 V]Y MU* LAT] ON4 ,& ALL N[4 ,IT ALL DEP5DS ON ! ECONOMIC 
& POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T1 :E!R A GR\P1 BE IT EV] SO SMALL1 DOES 
BECOME ! MO/ P[]FUL P>TY4 ,IF ! REVOLUTION 9 ,G]MANY LA/S1 
!RE IS A FAIR HOPE ?AT ! IMPORTANCE & ! 9FLU5CE ( ! 
WORK]S' UNIONS WILL SURPASS ALL ! O!RS4 ,Y\ %\LD NOT BE 
9TIMIDAT$ BY !IR NUMB]S - #g1 AGA9/ SEV5 MILLIONS4 
,SMALL] GR\PS ?AN !SE HAVE BECOME ! /RONGE/ - ! 
,BOL%EVI/S1 AMONG O!RS6 

,! 9DU/RIAL UNIONS & WORK%OP ORGANIZATIONS1 & ! 
,WORK]S' ,UNIONS ?AT >E BAS$ ON !M & =M$ FROM !M1 :Y 
>E !Y SU* EXCELL5T WEAPONS = ! REVOLUTION 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 
! BE/ WEAPONS EV5 TOGE!R ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY8 ,BECAUSE ! 
WORK]S ACT = !MSELVES1 9F9ITELY MORE SO ?AN !Y DID 9 ! OLD 
,TRADE ,UNIONS1 BECAUSE N[ !Y CONTROL !IR LEAD]S1 & !REBY ! 
5TIRE LEAD]%IP1 & BECAUSE !Y HAVE ! SUP]VISION ( ! 
9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION1 & !REBY ( ! 5TIRE UNION4 

,EV]Y TRADE1 EV]Y WORK%OP IS ONE :OLE1 :]E ! WORK]S ELECT 
!IR REPRES5TATIVES4 ,! 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BE5 DIVID$ 
ACCORD+ TO ECONOMIC DI/RICTS4 ,REPRES5TATIVES HAVE BE5 APPO9T$ = 
! DI/RICTS4 ,& ! DI/RICTS 9 TURN ELECT ! G5]AL BO>D = ! 
5TIRE ,/ATE4 

,ALL ! 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATIONS TOGE!R1 NO MATT] TO :AT TRADE 
!Y BELONG1 CON/ITUTE ! ONE ,WORK]S' ,UNION4 

,?IS1 AS WE SEE1 IS AN ORGANIZATION ALTOGE!R DIRECT$ T[>DS ! 
REVOLUTION4 

,IF AN 9T]VAL ( COMP>ATIVELY PEACEFUL FI<T+ %\LD FOLL[1 ?IS 
ORGANIZATION MI<T MOREOV] BE EASILY ADAPT$4 ,! 9DU/RIAL 
ORGANIZATIONS W\LD ONLY HAVE TO BE COMB9$1 ACCORD+ TO ! 
9DU/RIES1 )9 ! COMPASS ( ! ,WORK]S' ,UNIONS4 

,! ,WORK] HAS ,P[]4 

,IT IS OBVI\S4 ,H]E ! WORK]S1 EV]Y WORK]1 HAS P[]1 = 9 HIS 
WORK%OP HE ELECTS HIS [N DELEGATES1 & ?R\< !M HE HAS DIRECT 
CONTROL OV] ! DI/RICT & ,/ATE BODIES4 ,!RE IS /RONG 
C5TRALIZATION1 BUT NOT TOO /RONG4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL & ! 9DU/RIAL 
ORGANIZATION HAS GREAT P[]4 ,HE CAN DISMISS OR REPLACE HIS DELEGATES AT 
ANY TIME1 & COMPEL !M TO REPLACE ! HI<] POSITIONS AT ! 
%ORTE/ NOTICE4 ,?IS IS 9DIVIDUALISM1 BUT NOT TOO MU* ( IT4 ,= ! 
C5TRAL CORPORATIONS1 ! DI/RICTS & GOV]NM5T C\NCILS HAVE GREAT 
P[]4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL & ! C5TRAL BO>D HAVE JU/ ?AT AM\NT ( 
P[]1 :I* ?IS PRES5T P]IOD1 9 :I* ! REVOLUTION BREAKS \T1 
REQUIRES & ALL[S4 

,M>X WRITES ?AT UND] CAPITALISM ! CITIZ5 IS AN AB/RACTION1 A 
CIPH]1 AS COMP>$ TO ! ,/ATE4 ,IT IS ! SAME 9 ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 
,! BUREAUCRACY1 ! 5TIRE SY/EM ( ! ORGANIZATION PLANE EV] SO F> 
ABOVE1 & >E ALTOGE!R \T ( ! REA* ( ! WORK]4 ,HE CANNOT 
REA* !M4 ,HE IS A CIPH] AS COMP>$ TO !M1 AN AB/RACTION4 ,= !M 
HE IS NOT EV5 ! MAN 9 ! WORK%OP4 ,HE IS NOT A LIV+1 WILL+1 
/RUGGL+ BE+4 ,IF 9 ! OLD ,TRADE ,UNIONS Y\ REPLACE ! BUREAUCRACY 
BY O!R P]SONS1 Y\ WILL SEE ?AT BE=E LONG !SE ALSO HAVE ! SAME 
*>ACT]2 ?AT !Y /& HI<1 UNATTA9ABLY HI< ABOVE ! MASSES1 & 
>E 9 NO WAY 9 T\* ) !M4 ,N9ETY-N9E \T ( EV]Y HUNDR$ WILL 
BE TYRANTS1 & WILL /& ON ! SIDE ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,IT IS ! 
V]Y NATURE ( ! ORGANIZATION ?AT MAKES !M SO4 

,Y\R TACTICS /RIVE TO LEAVE ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS AS !Y >E1 
0D[N BEL[10 & ONLY TO GIVE !M O!R LEAD]S SOME:AT 
MORE ( ! ,LEFT TR5D1 IS !RE=E PURELY A *ANGE 0UP 
ABOVE40 ,& ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS REMA9 9 ! P[] ( 
LEAD]S4 ,& !SE1 ONCE SPOIL$1 EV]Y?+ IS AS ( OLD1 OR AT ! 
V]Y BE/1 A SLI<T IMPROVEM5T 9 ! LAY]S UP ABOVE4 ,NO1 NOT EV5 IF 
Y\ Y\RSELF1 OR WE \RSELVES1 W]E ! LEAD]S1 WE W\LD NOT CONS5T TO 
?IS4 ,= WE WI% TO 5ABLE ! MASSES !MSELVES TO BECOME MORE 
9TELLIG5T1 MORE C\RAGE\S1 SELF-ACT+1 MORE ELEVAT$ 9 ALL ?+S4 
,WE WANT ! MASSES !MSELVES TO MAKE ! REVOLUTION4 ,= ONLY ?US ! 
REVOLUTION CAN TRIUMPH H]E 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,& TO ?IS 5D ! OLD 
,TRADE ,UNIONS MU/ BE DE/ROY$4 

,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ,DECIDE4 

,H[ UTT]LY DIFF]5T IT IS 9 ! 9DU/RIAL UNIONS4 ,H]E IT IS ! 
WORK] HIMSELF :O DECIDES AB\T TACTICS1 TR5D1 & /RUGGLE1 & :O 
9T]V5ES IF ! 0LEAD]S0 DO NOT ACT AS HE WANTS !M TO4 
,! FACTORY1 ! WORK%OP1 BE+ AT ! SAME TIME ! ORGANIZATION1 HE 
/&S CONT9UALLY 9 ! FI<T HIMSELF4 

,9 SO F> AS IT IS POSSIBLE UND] CAPITALISM1 HE IS ! MAK] & ! 
GUIDE ( HIS [N FATE1 & AS ?IS IS ! CASE ) EV]Y ONE ( !M1 
,! ,M,A,S,S ,I,S ,! ,M,A,K,] ,& ,L,E,A,D,] ,( ,I,T,S ,[,N ,F,I,<,T4 

,MORE1 9F9ITELY MORE SO1 ?AN WAS EV] POSSIBLE 9 ! OLD ,TRADE 
,UNIONS1 RE=MI/ AS WELL AS SYNDICALI/4.<#a.> 

,! 9DU/RIAL UNIONS & WORK]S' UNIONS ?AT MAKE ! 
9DIVIDUALS !MSELVES1 & CONSEQU5TLY ! MASSES !MSELVES1 ! 
DIRECT FI<T]S1 ?OSE ?AT REALLY WAGE ! W>1 >E = ?AT V]Y 
REASON ! BE/ WEAPONS = ! REVOLUTION1 ! WEAPONS WE NE$ H]E 9 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 IF EV] WE %ALL BE ABLE )\T HELP TO OV]?R[ ! 
MO/ P[]FUL CAPITALISM ( ! WORLD4 

,BUT1 ,COMRADE1 !SE >E ONLY ! WEAK] GR\NDS YET1 AS COMP>$ TO 
! LA/1 MA9 ACTUAL REASON1 :I* HANGS CLOSELY TOGE!R ) ! 
PR9CIPLES ,I HAVE 9DICAT$ AT ! BEG9N+4 ,& IT IS ?IS LA/ GR\ND 
:I* IS DECISIVE = ! ,K,A,P,D & ! OPPOSITION P>TY 9 ,5GL&4 
,!SE P>TIES /RIVE GREATLY TO RAISE ! SPIRITUAL LEVEL ( ! MASSES 
& 9DIVIDUALS 9 ,G]MANY & ,5GL&4 

,!Y >E ( ! OP9ION ?AT !RE IS ONLY ,O,N,E MEANS TO ?AT 5D4 ,& 
,I %\LD LIKE TO KN[ :E!R Y\ KN[ ( ANO!R MEANS 9 ! ,LABOR 
MOVEM5T8 ,IT IS ! =MATION ( A GR\P6 ,?AT %[S1 9 ! /RUGGLE1 
:AT ! MASS %\LD BE4 ,?AT %[S1 FI<T+1 :AT ! MASS ,M,U,/ BE4 ,IF 
Y\ KN[ ( ANO!R MEANS1 ,COMRADE1 TELL ME SO4 ,I KN[ NONE O!R4 

,9 ! ,LABOR MOVEM5T1 & ESPECIALLY1 ,I IMAG9E1 9 ! REVOLUTION1 
!RE IS BUT ONE WAY TO PROVE ! EXAMPLE - ! EXAMPLE ITSELF1 
! ,D,E,$4 

,! COMRADES ( ! ,LEFT ,W+ BELIEVE ?AT ?IS SMALL GR\P1 9 ITS 
FI<T AGA9/ ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS & AGA9/ ,CAPITALISM1 WILL W9 ! 
,TRADE ,UNIONS TO ITS SIDE1 OR1 :I* IS ALSO POSSIBLE1 ?AT GRADUALLY ! 
,TRADE ,UNIONS WILL BE DIRECT$ T[>DS A BETT] C\RSE4 

,?IS CAN BE ATTA9$ ONLY ?R\< ! EXAMPLE4 ,= ! RAIS+ ( ! 
,G]MAN WORK] TO A HI<] LEVEL1 !RE=E1 !SE NEW ORGANIZATIONS >E 
ABSOLUTELY 9DISP5SABLE4 

,! NEW =MATION1 ! ,WORK]S' ,UNION1 MU/ ACT AGA9/ ! 
,TRADE ,UNIONS1 9 EXACTLY ! SAME WAY AS ! ,COMMUNI/ P>TIES ACT 
AGA9/ ! ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES4.<#a#a.> 

,! S]VILE1 RE=MI/1 SOCIAL-PATRIOTIC MASSES CAN BE CONV]T$ ONLY 
?R\< EXAMPLE4 

,NEXT ,I COME TO ,5GL&3 TO ! ,5GLI% ,LEFT ,W+4 

,AFT] ,G]MANY1 ,5GL& IS NE>E/ TO A REVOLUTION1 NOT BECAUSE 9 
?AT C\NTRY ! SITUATION IS REVOLUTION>Y ALREADY1 BUT BECAUSE ! 
PROLET>IAT !RE IS SO NUM]\S1 & ! CAPITALI/ & ECONOMIC 
CONDITIONS MO/ FAVORABLE4 ,ONLY A /RONG BL[ IS NE$$ !RE & ! 
FI<T WILL BEG91 A FI<T :I* CAN ONLY 5D 9 A VICTORY4 ,& ! BL[ 
WILL COME4 ,?IS IS FELT1 ?IS IS ALMO/ 9/9CTIVELY KN[N BY ! MO/ 
ADVANC$ WORK]S ( ,5GL& 7AS WE ALL FEEL IT71 & BECAUSE !Y FEEL 
?IS1 !Y HAVE F\ND$ A NEW MOVEM5T1 :I*1 :IL/ MANIFE/+ ITSELF 
9 V>I\S DIRECTIONS1 & SE>*+ AS YET1 JU/ AS 9 ,G]MANY - 
IS 9 G5]AL ! RANK & FILE MOVEM5T1 ! MOVEM5T ( ! MASSES 
!MSELVES1 )\T1 OR PRACTICALLY )\T LEAD]S4.<#a#b.> 

,!IR MOVEM5T IS V]Y MU* LIKE ! ,G]MAN ,WORK]S' ,UNION & 
ITS 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATIONS4 

,DID Y\ OBS]VE1 ,COMRADE1 ?AT ?IS MOVEM5T HAS >IS5 9 TWO ( ! 
MO/ ADVANC$ C\NTRIES ONLY8 ,& FROM ! RANKS ( ! WORK]S 
!MSELVES8 ,& 9 MANY PLACES4.<#a#c.> ,?IS PROVES ALREADY 9 ITSELF ?AT IT IS ( 
NATURAL GR[?1 & NOT TO BE /OPP$6 

,/RUGGLE 9 ,5GL& ,ESS5TIAL4 

,& 9 ,5GL& ?IS MOVEM5T1 ?IS /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 
IS NE$$ MORE ALMO/ ?AN 9 ,G]MANY1 = ! ,5GLI% ,TRADE ,UNIONS >E 
NOT ONLY A TOOL 9 ! H&S ( ! LEAD]S1 = ! MA9T5ANCE ( 
CAPITALISM1 BUT !Y >E AT ! SAME TIME F> MORE 9EFFICI5T AS A 
MEANS = ! REVOLUTION ?AN ?OSE ( ,G]MANY4 ,! WAY !Y >E 
CONDUCT$ DATES FROM ! TIME ( ! SMALL /RUGGLE1 (T5 AS F> BACK 
AS ! #a#i? OR EV5 ! #a#h? C5TURY4 ,5GL& NOT ONLY HAS 9DU/RIES 
:]E #be ,TRADE ,UNIONS EXI/1 BUT MO/ ( ! UNIONS FI<T ONE ANO!R TO 
! DEA? = MEMB]S66 ,& ! MEMB]S >E UTT]LY )\T P[]4 ,DO 
Y\ ALSO WI% TO RETA9 !SE ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 ,COMRADE ,L598 

,MU/ NOT !SE BE OPPOS$1 SPLIT UP1 & DE/ROY$8 ,IF Y\ >E 
AGA9/ ! ,WORK]S' ,UNIONS Y\ MU/ ALSO BE AGA9/ ! ,%OP 
,COMMITTEES1 ! ,%OP ,/EW>DS1 & ! ,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONS4 ,:OEV] IS 9 
FAVOR ( ! LATT]1 IS ALSO 9 FAVOR ( ! =M]4 ,= ! 
,COMMUNI/S 9 EI!R AIM AT ! SAME ?+S4 

,! ,5GLI% ,COMMUNI/S ( ! ,LEFT ,W+ WI% TO USE ?IS NEW TR5D 9 
! ,TRADE ,UNION MOVEM5T TO DE/ROY ! ,5GLI% ,TRADE ,UNIONS 9 !IR 
PRES5T %APE1 TO ALT] !M1 TO REPLACE !M BY NEW 9/RUM5TS 9 ! 
CLASS /RUGGLE1 :I* CAN BE APPLI$ = ! REVOLUTION4 ,! SAME 
REASONS ?AT WE HAVE BR\<T =W>D = ! ,G]MAN MOVEM5T HOLDS GOOD 
H]E4 

,9 ! PO/SCRIPT ( ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,?IRD 
,9T]NATIONAL TO ! ,K,A,P,D1 ,I HAVE READ ?AT ! ,E,C IS 9 FAVOR ( ! 
,I,W,W 9 ,AM]ICA1 AS LONG AS ?IS LATT] WI%ES ONLY POLITICAL ACTION & 
AFFILIATION TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES4 ,& !SE ,I,W,W NE$ NOT JO9 ! 
,AM]ICAN ,TRADE ,UNIONS6 ,BUT ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE IS AGA9/ ! 
,WORK]S' ,UNION 9 ,G]MANY2 ?IS LATT] MU/ JO9 ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 
AL?\< IT IS COMMUNI/1 & WORKS 9 COOP]ATION ) ! POLITICAL 
P>TY4 

,& Y\1 ,COMRADE ,L591 >E 9 FAVOR ( ! RANK & FILE MOVEM5T 
9 ,5GL& 7AL?\< ?IS (T5 CAUSES A SPLIT1 & AL?\< MANY ( ITS 
MEMB]S WANT ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS67 & AGA9/ ! 
,WORK]S' ,UNIONS 9 ,G]MANY4 

,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE'S ,OPPORTUNISM4 

,I CAN EXPLA9 Y\R ATTITUDE & ?AT ( ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ONLY 
BY OPPORTUNISM2 & A MI/AK5 OPPORTUNISM TO BOOT4 

,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT ! ,LEFT ,W+ ( ! ,COMMUNI/S 9 
,5GL& CANNOT GO AS F> AS 9 ,G]MANY1 BECAUSE 9 ,5GL& ! 
REVOLUTION HAS NOT BEGUN YET4 ,IT CANNOT AS YET ORGANIZE ! RANK & 
FILE MOVEM5T ALL OV] ! C\NTRY 9TO ONE :OLE = ! REVOLUTION4 
,BUT ! ,5GLI% ,LEFT ,W+ IS PREP>+ ?IS4 ,& AS SOON AS ! 
REVOLUTION COMES1 ! GREAT MASSES ( WORK]S WILL LEAVE ! OLD ,TRADE 
,UNIONS AS UNS]VICEABLE = ! REVOLUTION1 & WILL JO9 ! 9DU/RIAL 
ORGANIZATIONS4 

,& AS ! ,LEFT ,COMMUNI/ ,W+ P5ETRATES EV]Y:]E 9TO ?IS 
MOVEM5T1 SEEK+ TO SPREAD ! ,COMMUNI/ IDEAS1 IT RAISES ! WORK]S 
BY MEANS ( ITS EXAMPLE ON TO A HI<] LEVEL1 ALSO !RE1 & ALREADY 
N[4 ,&1 AS 9 ,G]MANY1 ?AT IS ITS REAL AIM4.<#a#d.> 

,! ,G5]AL ,WORK]S' ,UNIONS1 & ! RANK & FILE MOVEM5T1 
:I* >E BO? F\ND$ ON ! FACTORIES1 ! WORK%OPS1 & ON !SE 
ALONE1 >E ! =]UNN]S ( ! ,WORK]S' ,C\NCILS1 ! ,SOVIETS4 
,AS ! REVOLUTION 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE WILL BE V]Y DIFFICULT & 
CONSEQU5TLY ( PROBABLY V]Y LONG DURATION1 !RE WILL BE A LONG P]IOD 
( TRANSITION1 9 :I* ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS >E NO LONG] ANY GOOD1 & 9 
:I* !RE >E NO ,SOVIETS AS YET4 ,?IS P]IOD ( TRANSITION WILL BE 
FILL$ \T ) ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 !IR RE-=M+1 
!IR REPLAC+ BY BETT] ORGANIZATIONS4 ,Y\ NE$ NOT FE>1 WE WILL HAVE 
AMPLE TIME6 

,ONCE AGA9 ?IS WILL BE SO1 NOT BECAUSE WE ( ! ,LEFT ,W+ WILL IT 
SO1 BUT BECAUSE ! REVOLUTION MU/ NE$S HAVE !SE NEW ORGANIZATIONS4 
,! REVOLUTION CANNOT TRIUMPH )\T !M4 

,HAIL ! ,RANK & ,FILE ,MOVEM5T4 

,ALL HAIL1 !RE=E1 ! RANK & FILE MOVEM5T 9 ,5GL&1 & ! 
,WORK]S' ,UNIONS 9 ,G]MANY1 FIR/ =]UNN]S ( ! ,SOVIETS 9 
,EUROPE4 ,GOOD LUCK TO Y\1 ! FIR/ ORGANIZATIONS ?AT1 ) ! 
,COMMUNI/ P>TIES1 WILL BR+ ! REVOLUTION 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 

,Y\1 ,COMRADE ,L591 WI% TO COMPEL US TO USE BAD WEAPONS H]E 9 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 :]E WE /& ALONE1 )\T A S+LE ALLY1 AGA9/ AN 
AS YET EXTREMELY P[]FUL1 EXTREMELY ORGANIZ$ & >M$ CAPITALISM1 & 
:]E WE /& 9 NE$ ( ! V]Y BE/ ( WEAPONS1 ! V]Y /RONGE/4 
,:]E WE WANT TO ORGANIZE ! REVOLUTION ON ! %OP FLOOR1 & ON A 
%OP FLOOR BASIS1 Y\ WI% TO =CE ! MIS]ABLE ,TRADE ,UNIONS ON US4 
,! REVOLUTION 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE CAN & MU/ BE ORGANIZ$ ONLY ON ! 
%OP FLOOR & ON A %OP FLOOR BASIS1 BECAUSE H]E CAPITALISM HAS 
ATTA9$ SU* A HI< ECONOMIC & POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 79 ALL 
DIRECTIONS7 & BECAUSE ! WORK]S 7EXCEPT = ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY7 
HAVE NO O!R /RONG WEAPONS4 ,! ,RUSSIANS W]E >M$1 & HAD ! POOR 
PEASANTS4 ,:AT ! WEAPONS & ! PEASANTS W]E = ! ,RUSSIANS1 
TACTICS & ! ORGANIZATION MU/ BE = US = ! TIME BE+4 ,& !N 
,Y,\ RECOMM5D ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS6 ,FROM PSY*OLOGICAL1 AS WELL AS FROM 
MAT]IAL GR\NDS1 9 ! MID/ ( ! REVOLUTION1 WE ,M,U,/ FI<T !SE 
,TRADE ,UNIONS1 & Y\ TRY TO H9D] US 9 ?IS FI<T4 ,WE CAN FI<T ONLY 
BE MEANS ( A SPLITT+-UP1 & Y\ >E PREV5T+ US4 ,WE WI% TO =M 
GR\PS1 ?AT >E TO BE AN EXAMPLE1 ! ONLY WAY ( %[+ ! 
PROLET>IAT :AT IT IS WE SEEK1 & Y\ =BID ?IS4 ,WE WI% TO RAISE 
! PROLET>IAT ( ,EUROPE TO A HI<] LEVEL1 & Y\ ?R[ /ONES 9 \R 
PA?4 

,Y\ DO NOT WI% !M !N3 ! SPLITT+ UP1 ! NEW =MATIONS1 ! 
HI<] /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T6 

,& :Y NOT8 

,BECAUSE Y\ WANT TO HAVE ! BIG P>TIES1 & ! BIG ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 
9 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,TO US ?IS LOOKS LIKE OPPORTUNISM1 OPPORTUNISM ( ! V]Y WOR/ 
K9D4.<#a#e.> 

,TODAY1 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 Y\R ACTIONS DIFF] WIDELY FROM :AT 
!Y W]E 9 ! ,MAXIMALI/ P>TY4 ,?IS WAS KEPT V]Y 0PURE0 
7& IS SO TO ?IS DAY1 P]HAPS74 ,9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ALL ELEM5TS >E 
TO BE ACCEPT$ RI<T AWAY1 NO MATT] H[ POORLY COMMUNI/IC !Y 
>E4 

,IT IS ! CURSE ( ! ,LABOR MOVEM5T ?AT1 AS SOON AS IT HAS 
ACQUIR$ A C]TA9 0P[]10 IT SEEKS TO 5L>GE ?IS P[] 
BY UNPR9CIPL$ MEANS4 ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY ALSO WAS ORIG9ALLY 
0PURE0 9 ALMO/ ALL C\NTRIES4 ,MO/ SOCIAL-PATRIOTS ( 
TODAY W]E REAL ,M>XI/S4 ,BY ,M>XI/ PROPAG&A ! MASSES W]E WON1 & 
AS SOON AS ! P>TY GA9$ 0P[]0 !Y W]E AB&ON$4 

,JU/ AS ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATS ACT$ AT ?AT TIME1 Y\ & ! ,?IRD 
,9T]NATIONAL >E ACT+ N[4 ,NOT ON A NATIONAL SCALE1 ( C\RSE1 BUT 
9T]NATIONALLY4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAS TRIUMPH$ ?R\< 
0PURITY10 ?R\< FIRMNESS ( PR9CIPLE4 ,N[ IT HAS GA9$ 
P[]1 & ?R\< IT ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT HAS OBTA9$ P[]1 
?IS P[] IS TO BE EXT5D$ OV] ,EUROPE1 & IMM$IATELY ! OLD 
TACTICS >E AB&ON$6 

,9/EAD ( APPLY+ ! SAME EFFICACI\S TACTICS 9 ,A,L,L ! O!R 
C\NTRIES TO ! 9N] /R5G!N+ ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 
OPPORTUNISM IS AGA9 RESORT$ TO1 AS BE=E1 9 ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY4 ,ALL 
ELEM5TS >E N[ TO BE AFFILIAT$3 ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 ! ,9DEP5D5TS1 
! ,FR5* ,C5T]1 P>TS ( ! ,LABOR ,P>TY4 ,TO PRES]VE ! SEMBLANCE 
( ,M>XISM1 CONDITIONS >E PUT ?AT HAVE TO BE ,S,I,G,N,$1 & ,KAUTSKY1 
,HILF]D+1 ,?OMAS1 ETC41 >E EXPELL$4 ,! GREAT MASS1 H[EV]1 ! 
M$IUM QUALITY1 IS ADMITT$1 IS DRIV5 9 BY ALL POSSIBLE MEANS4 ,& 9 
ORD] ?AT ! ,C5T] %ALL BE ALL ! MORE P[]FUL1 ! 0,LEFT 
,W+0 IS NOT ADMITT$ UNLESS IT JO9S ?AT ,C5T]6 ,! ,V,],Y ,B,E,/ 
,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N,>,I,E,S1 LIKE ! ,K,A,P,D1 >E EXCLUD$6 

,& :5 !SE HUGE MASSES HAVE ?US BE5 UNIT$ ON ONE AV]AGE L9E1 
!Y PROCE$ TO ONE COMMON ADVANCE UND] AN IRON DISCIPL9E1 & ) 
LEAD]S ?AT HAVE BE5 TE/$ 9 ?IS MO/ EXTRAORD9>Y MANN]4 ,A 
COMMON ADVANCE :I!R8 ,9TO ! ABYSS4 

,FAILURE ( ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,:AT IS ! USE ( ! F9E/ PR9CIPLES1 ( ! MO/ SPL5DID ,!SES 
( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 IF 9 PRACTICE WE EX]CISE ?IS OPPORTUNISM8 
,! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL ALSO HAD ! F9E/ PR9CIPLES1 YET IT FAIL$ 
?R\< PRACTICE4 

,WE1 H[EV]1 ! ,LEFT ,W+1 REFUSE TO DO SO4 ,9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE WE 
WI% FIR/ TO BUILD V]Y FIRM1 V]Y CLE>1 & V]Y /RONG 7?\< AT 
! \TSET P]HAPS QUITE SMALL7 P>TIES1 K]NELS1 JU/ AS Y\ DID 9 
,RUSSIA4 ,& ONCE WE HAVE ?OSE1 WE WILL MAKE !M BIGG]4 ,BUT WE ALWAYS 
WANT !M TO BE V]Y FIRM1 V]Y /RONG1 V]Y 0PURE40 ,ONLY 
?US CAN WE TRIUMPH 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,!RE=E WE ABSOLUTELY REJECT 
Y\R TACTICS1 ,COMRADE4 

,Y\ SAY ?AT WE1 ! MEMB]S ( ! ,AM/]DAM ,COMMISSION1 HAVE 
=GOTT5 OR HAVE NEV] KN[N ! LESSONS =M] REVOLUTIONS HAVE 
TAU<T4 ,WELL1 ,COMRADE1 !RE IS ONE ?+ AB\T !SE =M] REVOLUTIONS 
:I* ,I REMEMB] QUITE WELL4 ,IT IS ?IS3 ?AT ! EXTREME 
0,LEFT0 P>TIES HAVE ALWAYS PLAY$ A PROM95T1 EM95T P>T 
9 ALL ( !M4 ,IT WAS SU* 9 ! REVOLUTION ( ! ,NE!RL&S AGA9/ 
,SPA91 9 ! ,5GLI% REVOLUTION1 9 ?AT ( ,FRANCE1 9 ! ,COMMUNE1 & 
9 ! TWO ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS4 

,9 ACCORDANCE ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,LABOR MOVEM5T1 !RE >E 
TWO TR5DS H]E 9 ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION3 ! RADICAL & ! 
OPPORTUNI/ TR5D4 ,!SE CAN ONLY >RIVE AT S\ND TACTICS1 AT UNITY1 BY 
MEANS ( A MUTUAL /RUGGLE4 ,! RADICAL TR5D1 H[EV]1 ?\< 9 SOME 
P>TICUL>S IT MAY GO TOO F>1 IS MU* ! BE/4 ,& YET Y\1 ,COMRADE 
,L591 GO & SUPPORT ! OPPORTUNI/S6 

,& NOT ONLY ?IS6 ,! ,EXECUTIVE 9 ,MOSC[1 ! ,R,U,S,S,I,A,N LEAD]S ( A 
REVOLUTION ?AT TRIUMPH$ ONLY ?R\< ! HELP ( MILLIONS ( POOR 
PEASANTS1 =CES !SE !IR TACTICS ON ! PROLET>IAT ( ,WE/]N 
,EUROPE1 :I* /&S & HAS TO /& ALL ALONE4 ,& 9 SO DO+ 
ANNIHILATES ! BE/ TR5D 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE6 

,:AT 9CR$IBLE FOOLI%NESS1 & ESPECIALLY :AT DIALECTICS3 

,:5 ! REVOLUTION 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE BREAKS \T1 IT WILL WORK = 
Y\ BLUE WOND]S6 ,BUT ! PROLET>IAT WILL BE ! VICTIM4 

,C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 

,Y\1 ,COMRADE1 & ! ,EXECUTIVE 9 ,MOSC[1 KN[ ?AT ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS 
9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE >E C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y =CES4 ,?IS IS EVID5T FROM 
Y\R ,!SES4 ,& YET Y\ WI% TO RETA9 !M4 ,Y\ ALSO KN[ ?AT ! 
,WORK]S' ,UNION1 ! RANK & FILE MOVEM5T1 >E REVOLUTION>Y 
ORGANIZATIONS4 ,Y\ SAY Y\RSELF1 9 Y\R ,!SES1 ?AT ! 9DU/RIAL 
ORGANIZATIONS MU/ BE & >E \R AIM4 ,& YET Y\ WANT TO SMO!R !M4 
,Y\ WANT TO DE/ROY ! ORGANIZATIONS 9 :I* ! WORK]S1 EV]Y 
WORK]1 & !RE=E ! MASS1 CAN ATTA9 P[] & /R5G?1 & TO 
KEEP ?OSE 9 :I* ! MASS IS A DEAD TOOL 9 ! H&S ( ! LEAD]S4 
,?US Y\ /RIVE TO BR+ ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS 9 Y\R P[]1 9 ! P[] ( 
! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,:Y IS IT Y\ WI% TO DO SO8 ,:Y DO Y\ FOLL[ !SE BAD TACTICS8 
,BECAUSE Y\ WANT MASSES >\ND Y\1 NO MATT] ( :AT QUALITY1 AS LONG 
AS !Y >E MASSES4 ,BECAUSE Y\ BELIEVE ?AT IF ONLY Y\ HAVE MASSES 
OBEY+ Y\ ON ACC\NT ( A /RICT DISCIPL9E & C5TRALIZATION1 NO 
MATT] :E!R !Y >E COMMUNI/1 HALF COMMUNI/1 OR NOT COMMUNI/ AT 
ALL1 Y\1 ! LEAD]S1 WILL W91 9 A WORD1 BECAUSE Y\R TACTICS >E 
LEAD]-TACTICS4 

,BY CRITICIZ+ LEAD]-TACTICS ,I DO NOT MEAN TO ADVOCATE POLITICS 
)\T LEAD]S & C5TRALIZATION1 = )\T !SE ONE ATTA9S 
NO?+ 7!Y >E AS 9DISP5SABLE AS ! P>TY74 ,I AM CRITICIZ+ ?OSE 
POLITICS ?AT COLLECT MASSES1 )\T 9QUIR+ 9TO !IR CONVICTIONS1 
!IR HE>T2 POLITICS ?AT ASSUME ?AT ! LEAD]S1 ONCE !Y HAVE GREAT 
MASSES >\ND !M1 WILL BE ABLE TO W94 

,RUSSIAN ,TACTICS ,USELESS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 

,BUT !SE POLITICS1 :I* Y\ & ! ,EXECUTIVE >E N[ FOLL[+1 
WILL LEAD NO:]E 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,CAPITALISM H]E IS F> TOO P[]FUL 
AS YET1 & ! PROLET>IAT IS MU* TOO ISOLAT$4 ,!SE POLITICS WILL 
FAIL H]E1 JU/ AS ?OSE ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL DID4 

,H]E ! WORK]S !MSELVES MU/ BECOME /RONG1 &1 ?R\< !M1 
!IR LEAD]S4 ,H]E ! EVIL ! LEAD]%IP-POLICY1 MU/ BE SEIZ$ BY 
! ROOT4 

,?R\< !SE Y\R TACTICS ON ! ,TRADE ,UNION QUE/ION Y\ & ! 
,MOSC[ ,EXECUTIVE HAVE PROV$1 TO MY M9D1 ?AT ,U,N,L,E,S,S ,Y,\ ,A,L,T,] ,!,S,E 
,T,A,C,T,I,C,S1 ,Y,\ ,C,A,N,N,O,T ,C,O,N,D,U,C,T ,! ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N ,9 ,W,E,/,],N ,E,U,R,O,P,E4 

,Y\ SAY ?AT ! ,LEFT ,W+1 9 FOLL[+ ITS TACTICS1 CAN ONLY TALK4 
,WELL1 ,COMRADE1 9 ! O!R C\NTRIES ! ,LEFT ,W+ HAS HAD NEXT TO NO 
OPPORTUNITIES AS YET TO ACT4 ,BUT LOOK AT ,G]MANY1 & ! TACTICS & 
ACTIONS ( ! ,K,A,P,D 9 ! 0,KAPP PUTS*0 & ) REG>D TO 
! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 & Y\ WILL HAVE TO TAKE ?OSE WORDS BACK4 

,I,I,I4 ,P>LIAM5T>ISM 

,NEXT WE HAVE TO TAKE UP ! DEF5SE ( ! ,LEFT ,W+ ON ! QUE/ION 
( ,P>LIAM5T>ISM4.<#a#f.> ,! SAME UNIV]SAL !ORETICAL GR\NDS ?AT 
WE DEALT ) = ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 DET]M9E ! ATTITUDE ( ! ,LEFT 
,W+ 9 ?IS QUE/ION ALSO4 ,! FACT ?AT ! PROLET>IAT /&S ALONE1 
! GIGANTIC =CE ( ! 5EMY1 & CONSEQU5TLY ! NECESSITY = ! 
MASS TO RAISE ITSELF TO A MU* HI<] LEVEL1 & TO RELY 5TIRELY ON ITS 
[N SUPPORT4 ,I NE$ NOT REPEAT !SE GR\NDS H]E4 ,H]E1 H[EV]1 !RE 
>E A FEW MORE GR\NDS ?AN ON ! ,TRADE ,UNION QUE/ION4 

,SUBJECTS ( ,B\RGEOIS ,DEMOCRACY4 

,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ! WORK]S ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & ! WORK+ 
MASSES 9 G5]AL >E COMPLETELY SUBJECT$1 AS F> AS IDEAS >E 
CONC]N$1 TO ! B\RGEOIS SY/EM ( REPRES5TATION1 TO 
P>LIAM5T>ISM1 TO B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4 ,MU* MORE SO ?AN ! WORK]S 
( ,EA/]N ,EUROPE4 ,H]E B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGY HAS TAK5 A /RONG HOLD ON 
! :OLE ( SOCIAL & POLITICAL LIFE4 ,IT HAS P5ETRAT$ F> MORE 9TO 
! HEADS & HE>TS ( ! WORK]S4 ,H]E !Y HAVE ALREADY BE5 BR\<T 
UP 9 ?AT IDEOLOGY = HUNDR$S ( YE>S4 ,!SE IDEAS HAVE ALTOGE!R 
SATURAT$ ! WORK]S4 

,!SE RELATIONS HAVE BE5 V]Y WELL DEPICT$ BY ,COMRADE ,PANNEKOEK 9 
! ,VI5NESE P]IODICAL1 ,KOMMUNISMUS3 

,! EXP]I5CE ( ,G]MANY PLACES US FACE TO FACE ) ! 
GREAT PROBLEM ( ! REVOLUTION 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,9 !SE C\NTRIES 
! OLD B\RGEOIS ME?OD ( PRODUCTION1 & ! CORRESPOND+ HI<LY 
DEVELOP$ CULTURE ( MANY C5TURIES1 HAVE MADE A ?OR\< IMPRESSION ON 
! ?\<TS & FEEL+S ( ! MASSES4 ,CONSEQU5TLY ! SPIRITUAL & 
M5TAL *>ACT] ( ! MASSES H]E IS QUITE DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( ! 
,EA/]N C\NTRIES1 :]E !Y HAD NOT EXP]I5C$ ?IS DOM9ATION ( 
B\RGEOIS CULTURE4 ,& H]E9 ABOVE ALL LIES ! DIFF]5CE 9 ! 
PROGRESS ( ! REVOLUTION 9 ! ,EA/ & 9 ! ,WE/4 ,9 ,5GL&1 
,FRANCE1 ,HOLL&1 ,SC&9AVIA1 ,ITALY & ,G]MANY1 EV] S9CE ! MIDDLE 
AGES !RE HAS BE5 A /RONG B\RGEOISIE1 ) PETTY-B\RGEOIS & 
PRIMITIVE CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION2 :IL/ FEUDALISM WAS BE+ DEFEAT$1 AN 
EQUALLY /RONG1 9DEP5D5T PEASANTRY SPRANG UP 9 ! C\NTRY1 :I* 
WAS MA/] 9 ITS [N SMALL SPH]E4 

,ON ?IS SOIL B\RGEOIS CIVIC SPIRITUAL LIFE DEVELOP$ 9TO A FIRM 
NATIONAL CULTURE1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! COA/L&S ( ,5GL& & ,FRANCE1 
:I* W]E MO/ ADVANC$ BY CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 ,9 ! N9ETE5? 
C5TURY CAPITALISM1 BY BR++ ! :OLE ( AGRICULTURE UND] ITS 
P[]1 & PULL+ EV5 ! MO/ ISOLAT$ F>MS 9TO ! CIRCLE ( ! 
WORLD ECONOMY1 HAS RAIS$ ?IS NATIONAL CULTURE TO A HI<] LEVEL1 HAS 
REF9$ IT1 & BY MEANS ( ITS SPIRITUAL ME?ODS ( PROPAG&A1 ! 
,PRESS1 ! S*OOL1 & ! ,*UR*1 HAS BEAT5 IT FIRMLY 9TO ! BRA9S 
( ! MASSES IT HAS PROLET>IANIZ$1 BO? ?OSE :O W]E SUCK$ 9TO 
! CITIES1 & ?OSE :O W]E LEFT ON ! L&4 ,?IS APPLIES NOT ONLY 
TO ! ORIG9AL CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES1 BUT ALSO1 ?\< 9 A SOME:AT 
MODIFI$ =M1 TO ,AM]ICA & ,AU/RALIA1 :]E ! ,EUROPEANS F\ND$ NEW 
,/ATES1 & TO ! C\NTRIES ( ,C5TRAL ,EUROPE1 ?AT HAD UNTIL !N 
/AGNAT$3 ,G]MANY1 ,AU/RIA1 ,ITALY1 :]E NEW CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T 
C\LD L9K UP ) OLD1 OBSOLETE1 PETTY-B\RGEOIS ECONOMY1 AGRICULTURE 
& CULTURE4 ,9 ! ,EA/]N C\NTRIES ( ,EUROPE CAPITALISM F\ND QUITE 
DIFF]5T MAT]IAL & O!R TRADITIONS4 ,H]E 9 ,RUSSIA1 ,POL&1 
,HUNG>Y1 & ! REGION TO ! EA/ ( ! ,ELBE1 !RE WAS NO SMALL1 
/RONG B\RGEOIS CLASS DOM9AT+ SPIRITUAL LIFE S9CE TIME IMMEMORIAL2 
PRIMITIVE AGR>IAN RELATIONS ) L>GE SCALE L&$ PROP]TY1 
PATRI>*AL FEUDALISM & VILLAGE COMMUNISM DET]M9$ SPIRITUAL 
LIFE4 

,H]E1 ON ! IDEOLOGICAL PROBLEM1 ,COMRADE ,PANNEKOEK HAS HIT ! NAIL 
ON ! HEAD4 ,F> BETT] ?AN IT HAS EV] BE5 DONE FROM Y\R SIDE1 HE 
HAS DEMON/RAT$ ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! EA/ & ! WE/ ( ,EUROPE1 
FROM ! IDEOLOGICAL ANGLE1 & HAS GIV5 ! CUE T[>DS F9D+ 
REVOLUTION>Y TACTICS = ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 

,?IS ONLY NE$ BE COMB9$ ) ! ,M,A,T,],I,A,L CAUSES ( ! P[] ( 
\R OPPON5TS1 ?AT IS TO SAY ) BANK+ CAPITAL1 & ! TACTICS 
BECOME P]FECTLY CLE>4 

,WORK]S ,W9 ,RI<TS = ,POSSESS+ ,CLASS4 

,H[EV]1 !RE IS YET MORE TO BE SAID ON ! IDEOLOGICAL QUE/ION3 
CIVIL LIB]TIES1 ! P[] ( P>LIAM5T1 HAS BE5 WON 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE 
BY MEANS ( W>S = LIB]TY1 WAG$ BY =M] G5]ATIONS1 BY ! 
ANCE/ORS4 ,& ?\< AT ! TIME !SE RI<TS W]E ONLY = CITIZ5S1 
= ! POSSESS+ CLASS1 !Y W]E WON BY ! PEOPLE ALL ! SAME4 ,! 
?\<T ( !SE /RUGGLES IS TO ?IS DAY A DEEPLY-ROOT$ TRADITION 9 
! BLOOD ( ?IS PEOPLE4 ,REVOLUTIONS >E ALWAYS ! DEEPE/ MEMORIES ( 
A PEOPLE4 ,UNCONSCI\SLY ! ?\<T ?AT IT MEANT A VICTORY TO A*IEVE 
REPRES5TATION 9 P>LIAM5T HAS A TREM5D\S1 SIL5T =CE4 ,?IS IS 
ESPECIALLY ! CASE 9 ! OLDE/ B\RGEOIS C\NTRIES1 :]E LONG OR 
REPEAT$ W>S HAVE BE5 WAG$ = FRE$OM3 9 ,5GL&1 ,HOLL& & 
,FRANCE4 ,ALSO1 ?\< ON A SMALL] SCALE1 9 ,G]MANY1 ,BELGIUM1 & ! 
,SC&9AVIAN C\NTRIES4 ,AN 9HABITANT ( ! ,EA/ CANNOT REALIZE1 
P]HAPS1 H[ /RONG ?IS 9FLU5CE CAN BE4 

,MOREOV] ! WORK]S !MSELVES HAVE F\<T H]E1 (T5 = YE>S1 
= UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 & HAVE ?US OBTA9$ IT1 DIRECTLY OR 
9DIRECTLY4 ,?IS WAS ALSO A VICTORY1 :I* BORE FRUIT AT ! TIME4 ,! 
?\<T & ! FEEL+ G5]ALLY PREVAILS1 ?AT IT IS PROGRESS1 & A 
VICTORY1 TO BE REPRES5T$1 & TO 5TRU/ ONE'S REPRES5TATIVE 
) ! C>E ( ONE'S AFFAIRS 9 ,P>LIAM5T4 ,! 9FLU5CE ( 
?IS IDEOLOGY IS 5ORM\S4 

,& F9ALLY1 RE=MISM HAS BR\<T ! WORK+ CLASS ( ,WE/]N 
,EUROPE ALTOGE!R UND] ! P[] ( ! P>LIAM5T>Y REPRES5TATIVES1 
:O HAVE L$ IT 9TO W>1 & 9TO ALLIANCES ) CAPITALISM4 ,! 
9FLU5CE ( RE=MISM IS ALSO COLOSSAL4 

,ALL !SE CAUSES HAVE MADE ! WORK] ! SLAVE ( ,P>LIAM5T1 TO 
:I* HE LEAVES ALL ACTION4 ,HE HIMSELF DOES NOT ACT ANY LONG]4.<#a#g.> 

,!N COMES ! REVOLUTION4 ,N[ HE HAS TO ACT = HIMSELF4 
,N[ ! WORK]1 ALONE ) HIS CLASS1 MU/ FI<T ! GIGANTIC 5EMY1 
MU/ WAGE ! MO/ T]RIBLE FI<T ?AT EV] WAS4 ,NO TACTICS ( ! 
LEAD]S CAN HELP HIM4 ,DESP]ATELY ! CLASSES1 ALL CLASSES1 OPPOSE ! 
WORK]S1 & NOT ONE CLASS SIDES ) !M4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IF HE 
%\LD TRU/ HIS LEAD]S1 OR O!R CLASSES 9 P>LIAM5T1 HE RUNS A 
GREAT RISK ( FALL+ BACK 9TO HIS OLD WEAKNESS ( LETT+ ! LEAD]S 
ACT = HIM1 ( TRU/+ P>LIAM5T1 ( P]SEV]+ 9 ! OLD NOTION 
?AT O!RS CAN MAKE ! REVOLUTION = HIM1 ( PURSU+ ILLUSIONS1 ( 
REMA9+ 9 ! OLD B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGY4 

,?IS RELATION%IP ( ! MASSES TO ! LEAD]S HAS ALSO BE5 
EXCELL5TLY *>ACT]IZ$ BY ,COMRADE ,PANNEKOEK3 

,P>LIAM5T>ISM IS ! TYPICAL =M ( ! K9D ( FI<T 
C>RI$ \T BY MEANS ( LEAD]S1 9 :I* ! MASSES !MSELVES PLAY BUT 
A M9OR P>T4 ,ITS PRACTICE CONSI/S 9 ?IS3 ?AT REPRES5TATIVES1 
9DIVIDUAL P]SONS1 C>RY ON ! ACTUAL FI<T+4 ,) ! MASSES IT 
MU/ !RE=E AWAK5 ! ILLUSION ?AT O!RS CAN DO ! FI<T+ = 
!M4 ,=M]LY ! BELIEF WAS ?AT ! LEAD]S C\LD OBTA9 IMPORTANT 
RE=MS = ! WORK]S ?R\< P>LIAM5T2 MANY HAD EV5 HAD ! 
ILLUSION ?AT ! MEMB]S ( P>LIAM5T1 BY MEANS ( LAWS & 
REGULATIONS1 C\LD C>RY \T ! TRANSITION TO ,SOCIALISM4 ,TODAY1 S9CE 
P>LIAM5T>ISM ACTS 9 A MORE HONE/ WAY1 ! >GUM5T IS HE>D ?AT 
! REPRES5TATIVES MAY DO GREAT ?+S 9 P>LIAM5T = COMMUNI/ 
PROPAG&A4 ,EV] AGA9 ! IMPORTANCE ( ! LEAD]S IS EMPHASIZ$1 & 
IT IS ONLY NATURAL ?AT PR(ESSIONALS %\LD DECIDE AB\T POLITICS1 BE 
IT 9 ! DEMOCRATIC GUISE ( CONGRESS DISCUSSIONS & RESOLUTIONS4 ,! 
HI/ORY ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY IS A S]IES ( FRUITLESS ATTEMPTS TO LET ! 
MEMB]S DET]M9E !IR [N POLITICS4 ,:]EV] ! PROLET>IAT GOES 9 
= P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION1 ALL ?IS IS 9EVITABLE1 AS LONG AS ! MASSES 
HAVE NOT YET CREAT$ ORGANS = SELF-ACTIVITY2 AS LONG1 !RE=E1 AS 
! REVOLUTION HAS NOT BROK5 \T4 ,AS SOON AS ! MASSES CAN ACT = 
!MSELVES1 & CAN CONSEQU5TLY DECIDE1 ! DISADVANTAGES ( 
P>LIAM5T>ISM BECOME P>AM\NT4 

,! PROBLEM ( TACTICS IS H[ TO ]ADICATE ! TRADITIONAL B\RGEOIS 
WAY ( ?9K+ ?AT SAPS ! /R5G? ( ! MASS ( ! PROLET>IAT2 
EV]Y?+ :I* RE9=CES ! TRADITIONAL VIEW IS WRONG4 ,! MO/ 
FIRMLY ROOT$1 MO/ T5ACI\S P>T ( ?IS M5TAL ATTITUDE IS DEP5D5CE 
ON LEAD]S1 TO :OM IT LEAVES ! DECISIONS 9 ALL G5]AL QUE/IONS1 
& ! CONTROL ( ALL CLASS MATT]S4 ,9EVITABLY1 P>LIAM5T>ISM HAS A 
T5D5CY TO CRU% 9 ! MASSES ! ACTIVITY NECESS>Y = ! 
REVOLUTION4 ,NO MATT] :AT F9E SPEE*ES >E DELIV]$ TO 9SPIRE ! 
WORK]S TO REVOLUTION>Y DE$S1 REVOLUTION>Y ACTION DOES NOT SPR+ 
FROM SU* WORDS1 BUT FROM ! KE5 & H>D NECESSITY ?AT LEAVES NO 
O!R *OICE :ATSOEV]4 

,DEM&S ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,! REVOLUTION ALSO DEM&S SOME?+ MORE ?AN ! FI<T+ ACTION 
( ! MASSES ?AT OV]?R[S ! GOV]NM5T1 & :I*1 AS WE KN[1 IS 
NOT UND] ! CONTROL ( LEAD]S1 BUT CAN ONLY COME FROM ! DEEPLY FELT 
IMPULSE ( ! MASSES4 ,! REVOLUTION DEM&S ?AT ! GREAT QUE/IONS 
( SOCIAL CON/RUCTION BE TAK5 9 H&1 ?AT DIFFICULT DECISIONS %ALL 
BE MADE1 ?AT ! 5TIRE PROLET>IAT BE R\S$ TO ONE CREATIVE IMPULSE2 
& ?IS IS ONLY POSSIBLE IF FIR/ ! ADVANCE GU>D1 & !N AN EV] 
GREAT] MASS TAKES ?+S 9 H& - A MASS ?AT IS CONSCI\S ( 
ITS RESPONSIBILITIES1 ?AT SE>*ES1 PROPAGATES1 FI<TS1 /RIVES1 
REFLECTS1 CONSID]S1 D>ES1 & C>RIES \T4 ,ALL ?IS IS1 H[EV]1 H>D 
WORK3 SO AS LONG AS ! PROLET>IAT ?9KS !RE IS AN EASI] WAY1 
LETT+ O!RS ACT = IT BY C>RY+ \T AGITATION FROM A HI< 
PLAT=M1 BY TAK+ DECISIONS1 BY GIV+ SIGNALS = ACTION1 BY MAK+ 
LAWS1 IT WILL HESITATE1 & ! OLD WAYS ( ?9K+ & ! OLD 
WEAKNESSES WILL KEEP !M PACIFI$4 

,! WORK]S ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 LET IT BE REPEAT$ A ?\S& &1 IF 
NE$ BE1 A HUNDR$ ?\S& OR A MILLION TIMES - & :OEV] HAS 
NOT LE>N$ & SE5 IT S9CE ,NOVEMB] #aiah IS BL9D - ! ,WE/ 
,EUROPEAN WORK]S MU/ 9 ! FIR/ PLACE ACT = !MSELVES - 9 
! ,TRADE ,UNIONS & ALSO POLITICALLY1 & !Y MU/ LET !IR LEAD]S 
ACT1 BECAUSE ! WORK]S /& ALONE1 & BECAUSE NO CLEV] TACTICS ( 
LEAD]S CAN HELP !M4 ,! GREATE/ IMPETUS MU/ COME FROM !M4 ,H]E1 
= ! FIR/ TIME1 TO A F> GREAT] DEGREE ?AN 9 ,RUSSIA1 ,! 
,L,I,B,],A,T,I,O,N ,( ,! ,W,O,R,K,],S ,M,U,/ ,B,E ,! ,W,O,R,K ,( ,! ,W,O,R,K,],S ,!,M,S,E,L,V,E,S4 
,?AT IS :Y COMRADES ( ! ,LEFT ,W+ >E RI<T 9 SAY+ TO ! ,G]MAN 
,COMRADES3 DON'T P>TICIPATE 9 ! ELECTIONS1 & BOYCOTT 
P>LIAM5T - POLITICALLY Y\ MU/ DO EV]Y?+ = Y\RSELVES 
- Y\ CANNOT W9 UNLESS Y\ DO SO = TWO1 FIVE1 OR T5 YE>S2 
UNLESS Y\ TRA9 Y\RSELF TO IT MAN BY MAN1 GR\P AFT] GR\P1 FROM T[N 
TO T[N1 FROM PROV9CE TO PROV9CE1 & F9ALLY 9 ! 5TIRE L&1 AS A 
P>TY1 A UNION2 AS 9DU/RIAL C\NCILS1 AS A MASS1 & AS A CLASS4 ,Y\ 
CANNOT W9 UNLESS F9ALLY1 ?R\< 9CESSANT TRA9+ & FI<T+1 & 
?R\< DEFEAT1 Y\ ADVANCE TO ?AT /AGE1 ! GREAT MAJORITY AMONG Y\1 
:]E Y\ CAN DO ALL ?IS1 & :]E1 AT LA/1 AFT] ALL ?IS S*OOL+1 
Y\ CON/ITUTE ONE UNIT$ MASS4 

,& ?AT IS :Y ! COMRADES ( ! ,K,A,P,D W]E RI<T1 P]FECTLY RI<T 
- HI/ORY DEM&$ IT ( !M - AT ONCE TO PROCE$ TO A 
SECESSION1 TO SPLIT ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS2 AS ?IS COV]S ! 5TIRE 
POLITICAL QUE/ION1 !RE IS AN URG5T NE$ = ! FI<T1 ! EXAMPLE1 
! LEAD4 

,AN ,EXAMPLE ,NE$$4 

,BUT !SE COMRADES ( ! ,LEFT ,W+1 ! ,K,A,P,D1 W\LD HAVE COMMITT$ A 
GRAVE MI/AKE HAD !Y DONE NO?+ BUT PREA* & PROPAGATE ?IS4 ,H]E 
EV5 MORE P]HAPS1 ?AN 9 ! CASE ( ! P>TY1 :5 ! ,SP>TAKUS 
,LEAGUE1 OR RA!R ! ,SP>TAKUS ,Z5TRALE1 REFUS$ TO /& ?IS 
PROPAG&A ( !IRS4 ,= :AT ! ,G]MAN SLAVES1 :AT ALL WORK]S ( 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE NE$$ 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 WAS AN EXAMPLE4 ,9 ?IS NATION 
( POLITICAL SLAVES1 & 9 ?IS SUBJECT$ ,WE/ ,EUROPEAN WORLD1 !RE 
HAD TO BE A GR\P ?AT GAVE ! EXAMPLE ( FREE FI<T]S )\T 
LEAD]S1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 )\T LEAD]S ( ! OLD TYPE - )\T 
MEMB]S ( P>LIAM5T4 

,& ONCE AGA9 ALL ?IS MU/ BE1 NOT BECAUSE IT IS SO BEAUTIFUL1 OR 
GOOD1 OR H]OIC1 BUT BECAUSE ! ,G]MAN & ,WE/-,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT 
/&S ALONE 9 ?IS T]RIBLE FI<T1 )\T HELP FROM ANY O!R CLASS1 
BECAUSE ! CLEV]NESS ( ! LEAD]S IS ( NO AVAIL ANY LONG]1 BECAUSE 
!RE IS BUT ONE ?+ ?AT IS NE$$1 ! WILL & FIRMNESS ( ! 
MASS1 MAN = MAN1 WOMAN = WOMAN1 & ( ! MASS AS A :OLE4 

,= ?IS HI<] MOTIVE1 & BECAUSE ! OPPOSITE TACTICS1 
P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION1 CAN BUT H>M ?IS HI<] CAUSE1 9F9ITELY HI<] 
?AN ! PETTY PR(IT ( P>LIAM5T>Y PROPAG&A1 = ?IS HI<] 
MOTIVE ! ,LEFT ,W+ REJECTS P>LIAM5T>ISM4 

,Y\ SAY ?AT ,COMRADE ,LIEBKNE*T1 IF HE YET LIV$1 MI<T WORK WOND]S 
9 ! ,REI*/AG4 ,WE D5Y IT4 ,POLITICALLY HE C\LD NOT MANEUV] !RE1 
BECAUSE ALL ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES OPPOSE US 9 ONE UNIT$ FRONT4 ,& HE 
C\LD W9 ! WORK]S NO BETT] 9 P>LIAM5T ?AN \TSIDE IT4 ,ON ! 
O!R H&1 ! MASSES1 TO A V]Y GREAT EXT5T1 W\LD LEAVE EV]Y?+ 
TO BE DONE ?R\< HIS SPEE*ES1 SO ?AT HIS P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION W\LD 
HAVE A H>MFUL EFFECT4.<#a#h.> 

,BIG ,NUMB]S ( NO ,AVAIL4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ?IS WORK ( ! ,LEFT ,W+ W\LD TAKE YE>S1 & 
?OSE PEOPLE :O = SOME REASON OR O!R1 /RIVE = IMM$IATE RESULTS1 
BIG NUMB]S1 L>GE AM\NTS ( MEMB]S & VOTES1 BIG P>TIES1 & A 
P[]FUL 7SEEM+LY P[]FUL67 ,9T]NATIONAL1 WILL HAVE A RA!R LONG 
TIME TO WAIT4 ,?OSE1 H[EV]1 :O REALIZE ?AT ! VICTORY ( ! ,G]MAN 
& ,WE/-,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION CAN ONLY COME1 IF A V]Y GREAT NUMB]1 IF 
! MASS ( ! WORK]S BELIEVE 9 !MSELVES1 WILL BE SATISFI$ ) 
!SE TACTICS4 

,= ,G]MANY & ,WE/]N ,EUROPE !Y >E ! ONLY TACTICS POSSIBLE4 
,?IS IS P>TICUL>LY TRUE = ,5GL&4 

,COMRADE1 DO Y\ KN[ ! B\RGEOIS 9DIVIDUALISM ( ,5GL&1 ITS 
B\RGEOIS LIB]TY1 ITS P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY1 AS !Y HAVE GR[N 
DUR+ SOME SIX OR SEV5 C5TURIES8 ,DO Y\ REALLY KN[ !M8 ,DO Y\ KN[ 
H[ UTT]LY !Y DIFF] FROM CONDITIONS 9 Y\R C\NTRY8 ,DO Y\ KN[ H[ 
DEEPLY !SE IDEAS >E ROOT$ 9 EV]YONE1 ALSO 9 ! PROLET>IAN 
9DIVIDUALS ( ,5GL& & ITS COLONIES8 ,DO Y\ KN[ 9TO :AT AN 
IMM5SE :OLE IT HAS DEVELOP$8 ,DO Y\ KN[ H[ G5]ALLY SPREAD IT IS8 
,9 SOCIAL & P]SONAL LIFE8 ,I DO NOT ?9K !RE IS ONE ,RUSSIAN1 ONE 
9HABITANT ( ,EA/]N ,EUROPE1 :O KN[S !M4 ,IF Y\ KNEW !M1 Y\ 
W\LD REJOICE AT ?OSE AMONG ! ,5GLI% WORK]S :O TOTALLY BREAK ) 
?IS GREATE/ POLITICAL =MATION ( WORLD CAPITALISM4 

,IF ?IS IS DONE ) FULL CONSCI\SNESS1 IT DEM&S A REVOLUTION>Y 
M9D1 QUITE AS GREAT AS ?AT :I* ONCE BROKE ) ,CZ>ISM4 ,?IS RUPTURE 
) ! 5TIRE ,5GLI% DEMOCRACY CON/ITUTES ! ]A ( ! ,5GLI% 
REVOLUTION4 

,& ?IS IS DONE1 AS IT MU/ 9EVITABLY BE DONE 9 ,5GL&1 ) ITS 
TREM5D\S HI/ORY1 TRADITION1 & /R5G?2 IT IS DONE ) ! UTMO/ 
FIRMNESS ( PURPOSE4 ,BECAUSE ! ,5GLI% PROLET>IAT HAS ! GREATE/ 
P[] 7POT5TIALLY IT IS ! MO/ P[]FUL ON ! E>?71 IT MAKES A 
SUDD5 /& AGA9/ ! MI<TIE/ B\RGEOISIE ( ! E>?1 & ) 
ONE /ROKE REJECTS ! :OLE ( ,5GLI% DEMOCRACY1 AL?\< ! 
REVOLUTION HAS NOT YET BROK5 \T !RE4 

,?AT IS :AT !IR VANGU>D DID1 JU/ LIKE ! ,G]MAN ONE1 ! ,K,A,P,D4 
,& :Y DID !Y DO IT8 ,BECAUSE !Y KN[ ?AT !Y ALSO /& ALONE1 
& ?AT NO CLASS 9 ALL ,5GL& WILL HELP !M1 & ?AT ABOVE ALL ! 
PROLET>IAT ITSELF1 & NOT ! LEAD]S1 MU/ FI<T & W9 
!RE4.<#a#i.> 

,A ,GREAT ,DAY4 

,IT WAS AN HI/ORIC DAY1 ,COMRADE1 :5 ON ?IS ,JUNE DAY 9 ,LONDON ! 
FIR/ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WAS F\ND$1 & ?IS ,P>TY REJECT$ ! 5TIRE 
/RUCTURE & GOV]NM5T APP>ATUS ( SEV5 HUNDR$ YE>S4 ,I WI% ,M>X 
& ,5GELS C\LD HAVE BE5 PRES5T !RE4 ,I BELIEVE !Y W\LD HAVE FELT 
A GREAT1 A SUPREME JOY AT SEE+ H[ !SE ,5GLI% WORK]S REJECT$ ! 
,5GLI% ,/ATE1 ! EXAMPLE = ALL ,/ATES ( ! E>?1 & :I* = 
C5TURIES HAS BE5 ! C5T] & /RON<OLD ( WORLD CAPITALISM & 
RULES OV] ONE ?IRD ( HUMANITY2 H[ !Y REJECT IT & ITS P>LIAM5T1 
?\< ONLY !ORETICALLY AS YET4 

,!SE TACTICS >E ALL ! MORE NECESS>Y 9 ,5GL& BECAUSE ,5GLI% 
CAPITALISM SUPPORTS ! CAPITALISM ( ALL O!R C\NTRIES1 & WILL 
DECID$LY NOT SCRUPLE TO SUMMON AUXILI>IES FROM ALL OV] ! WORLD1 
AGA9/ EV]Y =EIGN1 AS WELL AS AGA9/ ITS [N PROLET>IAT4 ,! FI<T 
( ! ,5GLI% PROLET>IAT1 !RE=E1 IS A /RUGGLE AGA9/ WORLD 
CAPITALISM4 ,ALL ! MORE REASON = ! ,5GLI% ,COMMUNI/S TO GIVE ! 
MO/ ELEVAT$ & BRILLIANT EXAMPLE4 ,TO WAGE AN EXEMPL>Y FI<T ON 
BEHALF ( ! WORLD PROLET>IAT1 & TO /R5G!N IT BY EXAMPLE4.<#b.> 

,?US !RE HAS TO BE EV]Y:]E ONE GR\P ?AT DRAWS ALL ! 
CONSEQU5CES2 SU* GR\PS >E ! SALT ( HUMANITY4 

,H]E1 H[EV]1 AFT] ?IS !ORETICAL DEF5SE ( 
ANTI-P>LIAM5T>ISM1 ,I HAVE TO ANSW] 9 DETAIL Y\R DEF5SE ( 
P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,Y\ DEF5D IT 7FROM PAGE #cf TO #f#h71 = ,5GL& & 
,G]MANY4 ,! >GUM5TATION1 H[EV]1 HOLDS GOOD ONLY = ,RUSSIA 7& AT 
! V]Y UTMO/ = A FEW O!R ,EA/-,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES71 NOT = 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,?AT1 AS ,I HAVE SAID BE=E1 ,I,S ,:]E Y\R MI/AKE LIES4 
,?AT TURNS Y\ FROM A ,M>XI/ 9TO AN OPPORTUNI/ LEAD]4 ,?AT CAUSES 
Y\1 ! ,M>XI/1 RADICAL LEAD] = ,RUSSIA1 & PROBABLY A FEW MORE 
,EA/-,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES1 TO S9K BACK 9TO OPPORTUNISM :]E ,WE/]N 
,EUROPE IS CONC]N$4 ,&1 IF ACCEPT$ H]E1 Y\R TACTICS W\LD LEAD ! 
5TIRE ,WE/ TO P]DITION4 ,?IS ,I WILL NEXT PROVE 9 DETAIL1 9 ANSW] TO 
Y\R >GUM5TATION4 

,COMRADE1 ON READ+ Y\R >GUM5TATION FROM PAGE #cf TO #f#h1 A 
RECOLLECTION CON/ANTLY OCCURR$ TO ME4 

,AMONG ! ,SOCIAL ,PATRIOTS4 

,I SAW MYSELF ONCE MORE AT A CONGRESS ( ! OLD ,SOCIAL-,PATRIOTIC 
,P>TY ( ,HOLL&1 LI/5+ TO A SPEE* ( ,TROEL/RA'S - A 
SPEE* 9 :I* HE DEPICT$ TO ! WORK]S ! GREAT ADVANTAGES ( ! 
RE=MI/ POLICY1 9 :I* HE SPOKE ( ! WORK]S ?AT W]E NOT 
SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC YET1 & ?AT W]E TO BE WON BY COMPROMISE2 9 :I* 
HE SPOKE ( ! ALLIANCES ?AT W]E TO BE MADE 7ONLY PROVISIONALLY1 ( 
C\RSE67 ) ! P>TIES ( !SE WORK]S1 & ( ! 
0RIFTS0 9 & BETWE5 ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES1 ( :I* WE 
W]E TO MAKE USE4 ,9 JU/ ! SAME WAY1 9 ALMO/1 NAY 9 ABSOLUTELY ! 
SAME WORDS1 Y\1 ,COMRADE ,L591 SPEAK = US ,WE/ ,EUROPEANS6 

,& ,I REMEMB] H[ WE SAT !RE1 F> BACK 9 ! HALL2 WE ! ,M>XI/ 
,COMRADES1 V]Y FEW 9 NUMB] - ONLY F\R OR FIVE4 ,H5RIETTE ,ROL& 
,HOL/1 ,PANNEKOEK1 & A FEW O!RS4 ,TROEL/RA SPOKE P]SUASIVELY & 
CONV9C+LY1 JU/ AS Y\ DO1 ,COMRADE4 ,& ,I REMEMB] H[1 9 ! MID/ 
( ! ?UND]+ APPLAUSE1 ( ! BRILLIANT RE=MI/ EXPOSITIONS & 
! REVIL+ ( ,M>XISM1 ! WORK]S 9 ! HALL LOOK$ R\ND AT ! 
0IDIOTS0 & 0ASSES0 & 0*ILDI% 
FOOLS10 NAMES ?AT ,TROEL/RA CALL$ US AT ?AT TIME - ALMO/ 
! SAME AS Y\ CALL US N[4 ,TO ALL PROBABILITY ?+S HAVE BE5 
PRACTICALLY ! SAME AT ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,MOSC[1 
:5 Y\ SPOKE AGA9/ ! 0,LEFT0 ,M>XI/S4 ,& HIS WORDS 
- JU/ LIKE Y\RS1 ,COMRADE - W]E SO CONV9C+1 SO LOGICAL1 
)9 ! COMPASS ( HIS ME?OD1 ?AT AT TIMES ,I MYSELF 
?\<T1 YES1 HE IS RI<T4 

,USUALLY ,I WAS ! ONE TO SPEAK = ! OPPOSITION 79 ! YE>S UP TO 
#a#i#i1 :5 WE W]E EXPELL$74 ,%ALL ,I TELL Y\ :AT ,I DID1 :5 ,I BEGAN 
TO D\BT AB\T MYSELF8 ,I HAD A MEANS ?AT NEV] FAIL$3 IT WAS A 
S5T5CE FROM ! ,P>TY ,PROGRAM3 

0,Y\ %ALL EV] ACT OR SPEAK 9 SU* A WAY ?AT ! 
CLASS CONSCI\SNESS ( ! WORK]S %ALL BE R\S$ & 
/R5G!N$40 

,& ,I ASK$ MYSELF3 IS ! CLASS CONSCI\SNESS ( ! WORK]S R\S$ 
OR NOT BY :AT ! MAN OV] !RE IS SAY+8 ,& !N ,I ALWAYS KNEW ?AT 
AT ONCE ?IS WAS NOT ! CASE1 & ?AT !RE=E ,I WAS RI<T4 

,IT WAS JU/ ! SAME READ+ Y\R BRO*URE4 ,I HE> Y\R OPPORTUNI/ 
>GUM5TS = COOP]ATION ) NON-,COMMUNI/ P>TIES1 ) B\RGEOIS 
ELEM5TS1 = COMPROMISE4 ,& ,I AM C>RI$ AWAY4 ,IT ALL SEEMS SO 
BRILLIANT1 CLE> & F9E4 ,& SO LOGICAL AS WELL4 ,BUT !N ,I CONSID]1 
AS ,I US$ TO LONG AGO1 JU/ ONE PHRASE :I* SOME TIME AGO ,I MADE = 
MYSELF1 = ! CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! ,COMMUNI/ OPPORTUNI/S4 ,IT IS AS 
FOLL[S3 

,IS :AT YOND] ,COMRADE SAYS ! SORT ( ?+ ?AT /R5G!NS ! 
WILL ( ! MASSES = ACTION1 = ! REVOLUTION1 = ! REAL 
REVOLUTION 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE - YES OR NO8 

,& ) REG>D TO Y\R BRO*URE1 MY HEAD & HE>T ANSW] AT ! 
SAME TIME3 NO4 ,!N ,I KN[ AT ONCE1 AS SURELY AS ONE CAN POSSIBLY KN[ 
ANY?+1 ?AT Y\ >E WRONG4 

,I CAN RECOMM5D ?IS ME?OD TO ! COMRADES ( ! ,LEFT ,W+4 
,:5EV] Y\ WANT TO KN[1 ,COMRADES1 9 ! SEV]E /RUGGLES AHEAD ( 
US1 AGA9/ ! OPPORTUNI/S ( ALL C\NTRIES 7H]E 9 ,HOLL& !Y HAVE 
BE5 WAG+ = ! LA/ ?REE YE>S7 :E!R & :Y Y\ >E RI<T1 ASK 
Y\RSELF ?IS QUE/ION6 

,L59'S ,?REE ,>GUM5TS4 

,9 Y\R OPPOSITION TO US1 ,COMRADE1 Y\ USE ONLY ?REE >GUM5TS1 ?AT 
CON/ANTLY RECUR ALL ?R\< Y\R BRO*URE1 EI!R SEP>ATELY OR 
COMB9$4 

,!Y >E ! FOLL[+3 

#a4 ,! ADVANTAGES ( P>LIAM5T>Y PROPAG&A = 
W9N+ ! WORK]S & ! PETIT B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS TO \R SIDE4 

#b4 ,! ADVANTAGES ( P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION = MAK+ 
USE ( ! 0RIFTS0 BETWE5 ! P>TIES1 & = COMPROMISES 
) SOME ( !M4 

#c4 ,! EXAMPLE ( ,RUSSIA1 :]E ?IS PROPAG&A & 
! COMPROMISE WORK$ SO WOND]FULLY WELL4 

,FUR!R >GUM5TS Y\ HAVE NONE2 ,I WILL ANSW] !M 9 TURN4 

,TO BEG9 ) ! FIR/ >GUM5T1 PROPAG&A 9 P>LIAM5T4 ,?IS 
>GUM5T IS ONLY ( V]Y SLI<T IMPORTANCE1 = ! NONCOMMUNI/ 
WORK]S1 ?AT IS TO SAY ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATS ! ,*RI/IAN & O!R 
B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS DO NOT1 AS A RULE1 READ ONE WORD 9 !IR PAP]S 
AB\T \R P>LIAM5T>Y SPEE*ES4 

,(T5 !SE SPEE*ES >E UTT]LY MUTILAT$4 ,) ?OSE1 !RE=E1 WE 
A*IEVE NO?+ ,WE ONLY GET AT ! WORK]S ?R\< \R MEET+S1 
BRO*URES & NEWSPAP]S4 

,ACTION ,SPEAKS ,L\D] ?AN ,WORDS4 

,WE1 H[EV] 7,I (T5 SPEAK 9 ! NAME ( ! ,K,A,P,D71 GET AT !M 
ESPECIALLY ?R\< ACTION 79 ! TIME ( ! REVOLUTION ( :I* WE 
SPEAK7 ,9 ALL BIGG] T[NS & VILLAGES !Y SEE US ACT4 ,!Y SEE \R 
/RIKES1 \R /REET FI<TS \R C\NCILS4 ,!Y HE> \R WAT*WORDS4 ,!Y 
SEE \R LEAD4 ,?IS IS ! BE/ PROPAG&A1 ! MO/ CONV9C+4 ,?IS 
ACTION1 H[EV]1 IS NOT 9 P>LIAM5T6 

,! NONCOMMUNI/ WORK]S1 !RE=E1 ! SMALL PEASANTS & 
B\RGEOIS1 CAN BE REA*$ QUITE WELL ALSO )\T P>LIAM5T>Y 
ACTION4 

,H]E ONE P>T 9 P>TICUL> FROM Y\R BRO*URE ,9FANTILE 
,DISORD]1 MU/ BE REFUT$2 IT %[S :]E OPPORTUNISM IS ALREADY 
LEAD+ Y\1 ,COMRADE4 

,ON PAGE #eb Y\ SAY ?AT ! FACT ( ! ,G]MAN WORK]S COM+ 9 
MASSES TO JO9 ! RANKS ( ! ,9DEP5D5T ,P>TY1 & NOT ! ,COMMUNI/ 
,P>TY1 IS ATTRIBUTABLE TO ! P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION ( ! ,9DEP5D5TS4 
,! MASS ( ! ,B]L9 WORK]S1 !RE=E1 HAD BE5 AS GOOD AS CONV]T$ 
?R\< ! DEA? ( \R ,COMRADES ,LIEBKNE*T & ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 ?R\< 
! PURPOSEFUL /RIKES & ! /REET FI<TS ( ! ,COMMUNI/S4 ,ONLY A 
SPEE* ( ,COMRADE ,LEVI 9 P>LIAM5T WAS LACK+ AS YET6 ,HAD HE BUT 
DELIV]$ ?IS SPEE*1 !Y W\LD HAVE COME TO US1 9/EAD ( TO ! 
D\BLE-M9D$ ,9DEP5D5TS6 ,NO1 COMRADE1 ?IS IS NOT TRUE4 ,!Y HAVE 
GONE TO ! D\BLE-M9DS FIR/ BECAUSE !Y W]E AFRAID AS YET ( ! 
S+LE-M9D$3 ! REVOLUTION4 ,BECAUSE ! TRANSITION FROM SLAV]Y TO 
FRE$OM LIES ?R\< HESITATION4 

,LOOK \T1 ,COMRADE1 Y\ SEE :I!R OPPORTUNISM IS ALREADY LEAD+ 
Y\4 

,Y\R FIR/ >GUM5T IS ( NO IMPORTANCE4 

,& IF WE CONSID] ?AT P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION 79 ! REVOLUTION1 9 
,G]MANY & ,5GL&1 & ALL ,WE/]N ,EUROPE7 RE9=CES ! 
WORK]S' IDEA ?AT !IR LEAD]S WILL DO ?+S = !M1 & 
DISSUADES !M FROM ! IDEA ?AT !Y MU/ DO EV]Y?+ = 
!MSELVES1 WE SEE ?AT ?IS >GUM5T DOES NOT ONLY BR+ NO GOOD AT 
ALL1 BUT ?AT IT IS EXCE$+LY H>MFUL4 

,! SECOND >GUM5T3 ! ADVANTAGE ( P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION 79 
REVOLUTION>Y P]IODS7 = TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! RIFTS BETWE5 ! 
P>TIES1 & = COMPROMISES ) SOME ( !M4 

,AN ,UNCONG5IAL ,TASK4 

,TO REFUTE ?IS >GUM5T 7ESPECIALLY = ,5GL& & ,G]MANY1 BUT ALSO 
= ALL ,WE/]N ,EUROPE71 ,I %ALL HAVE TO GO SOME:AT MORE 9TO DETAIL 
?AN ) ! FIR/4 ,IT IS MO/ UNCONG5IAL TO ME1 ,COMRADE1 ?AT ,I 
%\LD HAVE TO DO ?IS AGA9/ Y\4 ,?IS 5TIRE QUE/ION ( 
REVOLUTION>Y OPPORTUNISM1 = IT IS NO LONG] RE=MI/1 BUT 
REVOLUTION>Y OPPORTUNISM1 IS A VITAL QUE/ION1 LIT]ALLY A MATT] ( 
LIFE & DEA? = US ,WE/-,EUROPEANS4 ,! MATT] ITSELF1 ! REFUTATION1 
IS EASY4 ,WE HAVE REFUT$ ?IS >GUM5T A HUNDR$ TIMES1 :5 ,TROEL/RA1 
,H5D]SON1 ,B]N/E91 ,LEGI51 ,R5AUDEL1 ,VAN D] ,VELDE1 ETC41 ALL ! 
,SOCIAL-,PATRIOTS1 US$ IT4 ,:Y ,KAUTSKY1 :5 HE WAS /ILL ,KAUTSKY1 HAS 
REFUT$ IT4 ,IT WAS ! GREATE/ >GUM5T ( ! RE=MI/S4 ,WE DID NOT 
?9K WE W\LD EV] HAVE TO DO IT AGA9/ Y\4 ,N[ WE HAVE TO4 

,WELL !N3 ,! ADVANTAGE ( PR(IT+ 9 P>LIAM5T FROM ! 
0RIFTS0 IS UTT]LY 9SIGNIFICANT1 = ! V]Y REASON ?AT 
= SEV]AL YE>S1 = A SCORE ( YE>S1 !SE 0RIFTS0 HAVE 
BE5 9SIGNIFICANT4 ,?OSE BETWE5 ! BIG B\RGEOIS & ! 
PETTY-B\RGEOIS P>TIES4 ,9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 9 ,G]MANY & ,5GL&4 ,?IS 
DOES NOT DATE FROM ! REVOLUTION4 ,IT WAS SO LONG BE=E1 9 ! P]IOD 
( PEACEFUL EVOLUTION4 ,ALL P>TIES1 9CLUD+ ! PETTY-B\RGEOISIE & 
! SMALL PEASANTS1 HAD BE5 ,A,G,A,9,/ ! WORK]S = A LONG TIME 
ALREADY1 & BETWE5 !MSELVES ! DIFF]5CE 9 MATT]S CONC]N+ ! 
WORK]S 7& CONSEQU5TLY ON NE>LY ALL PO9TS71 HAD BECOME V]Y SLI<T1 
OR HAD (T5 QUITE DISAPPE>$4 

,?IS IS AN E/ABLI%$ FACT1 !ORETICALLY AS WELL AS PRACTICALLY1 9 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 9 ,G]MANY & ,5GL&4 

,!ORETICALLY1 BECAUSE CAPITAL CONC5TRATES 9 BANKS1 TRU/S1 & 
MONOPOLIES TO AN 5ORM\S DEGREE4 

,9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 & ESPECIALLY 9 ,5GL& & ,G]MANY1 !SE 
BANKS1 TRU/S & C>TELS HAVE ASSIMILAT$ NE>LY ALL CAPITAL 9 ! 
9DU/RIES1 COMM]CE1 TRANSPORT1 & TO A GREAT EXT5T EV5 9 
AGRICULTURE4 ,! :OLE ( 9DU/RY1 9CLUD+ SMALL SCALE 9DU/RY1 ! 
:OLE ( TRANSPORT1 9CLUD+ ! SMALL 5T]PRISES1 ! :OLE ( 
COMM]CE1 BIG AS WELL AS SMALL1 & ! GREAT] P>T ( AGRICULTURE1 BIG 
& SMALL1 HAS CONSEQU5TLY BECOME ABSOLUTELY DEP5D5T ON BIG CAPITAL4 
,!Y HAVE FUZ$ ) IT4 

,COMRADE ,L59 SAYS ?AT SMALL COMM]CE1 TRANSPORT1 9DU/RY & 
AGRICULTURE1 WAV] BETWE5 CAPITAL & WORK]S4 ,?IS IS WRONG4 ,IT WAS SO 
9 ,RUSSIA1 & IT US$ TO BE SO H]E4 ,9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 9 ,G]MANY & 
,5GL&1 !Y >E N[ SO L>GELY1 SO UTT]LY DEP5D5T ON BIG CAPITAL1 
?AT !Y NO LONG] WAV]4 ,! SMALL %OP [N]1 ! SMALL 
9DU/RIALI/1 ! SMALL TRAD]1 >E ABSOLUTELY 9 ! P[] ( ! 
TRU/S1 ! MONOPOLIES1 ! BANKS4 ,IT IS FROM !SE ?AT !Y GET !IR 
GOODS & CR$IT4 ,& EV5 ! SMALL PEASANT1 ?R\< HIS COOP]ATIVE 
& HIS MORTGAGES1 IS DEP5D5T ON ! TRU/1 ! MONOPOLY1 & ! 
BANKS4 

,COMRADE1 ?IS P>T ( MY >GUM5TATION1 ! >GUM5TATION ( ! 
0,LEFT ,W+10 IS ! MO/ IMPORTANT ( ALL4 ,! 5TIRE 
TACTICS = ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA DEP5D ON IT4 

,:AT ELEM5TS DO !Y CONSI/ (1 ,COMRADE1 !SE L[] LAY]S ?AT 
/& NE>E/ TO ! PROLET>IAT8 ,( %OP [N]S1 >TISANS1 L[] 
(FICIALS & EMPLOYES1 & POOR PEASANTS4 

,LET US CONSID] :AT !SE >E 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE6 ,FOLL[ ME1 ,COMRADE4 
,NOT ONLY 9 A BIG %OP - !RE ! DEP5D5CE ON CAPITAL IS A 
MATT] ( C\RSE - BUT 9 A SMALL ONE 9 A POOR1 PROLET>IAN 
QU>T]4 ,LOOK >\ND Y\4 ,:AT DO Y\ SEE8 ,EV]Y?+3 NE>LY ALL ! 
GOODS1 CLO!S1 FOOD/UFFS1 IMPLEM5TS1 FUEL ETC41 >E PRODUCTS NOT ONLY 
( BIG 9DU/RY1 BUT (T5 ( ! TRU/S4 ,& NOT ONLY 9 ! CITIES1 
BUT 9 ! C\NTRY LIKEWISE4 ,! SMALL %OPKEEP]S >E = ! MO/ P>T 
/OREKEEP]S ( BIG CAPITAL4 ,?AT IS TO SAY ( BANK+ CAPITAL1 = ?IS 
RULES ! L>GE FACTORIES & ! TRU/S4 

,LOOK AB\T Y\ 9 ! WORK%OP ( A SMALL >TISAN1 NO MATT] :E!R 
9 ! CITY OR ! C\NTRY4 ,HIS RAW MAT]IALS1 ! METALS1 ! LEA!R1 
! WOOD1 ETC41 COME TO HIM FROM BIG CAPITAL1 (T5 EV5 FROM ! 
MONOPOLIES1 ?AT IS TO SAY FROM ! BANKS AS WELL4 ,& 9 SO F> AS ! 
PURVEYORS >E SMALL CAPITALI/S AS YET1 !SE 9 !IR TURN DEP5D ON 
BANK+ CAPITAL4 

,& ! L[] (FICIALS & EMPLOYES8 ,! GREAT MAJORITY ( !M 9 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE IS 9 ! EMPLOYM5T ( BIG CAPITAL1 ! ,/ATE1 ( ! 
MUNICIPALITY1 F9ALLY !RE=E ALSO ( ! BANKS4 ,! P]C5TAGE ( 
EMPLOYES & (FICIALS NE>E/ TO ! PROLET>IAT ?AT >E DIRECTLY OR 
9DIRECTLY DEP5D5T ON BIG CAPITAL IS V]Y GREAT 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,9 
,G]MANY & ,5GL&1 AS WELL AS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ! ,BRITI% 
COLONIES1 IT IS 5ORM\S4 

,& ! 9T]E/S ( !SE LAY]S >E ONE !RE=E ) ?OSE ( BIG 
CAPITAL1 ?AT IS TO SAY ! BANKS4 

,I HAVE ALREADY DEALT ) ! POOR PEASANTS1 & WE HAVE SE51 ?AT 
= ! TIME BE+ !Y CANNOT BE WON = ,COMMUNISM1 = ! REASONS 
ALREADY M5TION$1 & ALSO BECAUSE !Y >E DEP5D5T ON BIG CAPITAL 
= !IR IMPLEM5TS1 GOODS1 & MORTGAGES4 

,:AT DOES ?IS PROVE1 ,COMRADE8 

,?AT MOD]N ,WE/-,EUROPEAN 7& ,AM]ICAN7 SOCIETY & ,/ATE HAVE 
BECOME ,O,N,E BIG1 ?OR\<LY ORGANIZ$ :OLE1 :I* IS 5TIRELY 
CONTROLL$1 MOV$ & REGULAT$ BY BANK+ CAPITAL4 ,?AT SOCIETY H]E IS 
A REGULAT$ BODY1 CAPITALI/ICALLY REGULAT$1 BUT REGULAT$ ALL ! 
SAME4 ,?AT BANK+ CAPITAL IS ! BLOOD1 FL[+ ?R\< ! 5TIRE 
BODY1 & N\RI%+ ALL ITS BRAN*ES4 ,?AT ?IS BODY IS ONE1 & ?AT 
CAPITAL R5D]S ?IS BODY 5ORM\SLY /RONG1 & ?AT !RE=E ALL ! 
MEMB]S WILL /& BY IT TO ! V]Y 5D - ALL EXCEPT ! 
PROLET>IAT1 :I* MAKES ?IS BLOOD3 SURPLUS VALUE4 

,?R\< ?IS DEP5D5CE ( ALL CLASSES ON BANK+ CAPITAL & ?R\< 
! 5ORM\S /R5G? ( BANK+ CAPITAL1 ALL ! CLASSES >E HO/ILE TO 
! REVOLUTION1 SO ?AT ! PROLET>IAT /&S ALONE4 

,& AS BANK+ CAPITAL IS ! MO/ PLIABLE & ELA/IC =CE 9 ! 
WORLD1 & 9CREASES ITS P[] A ?\S& TIMES ?R\< ITS CR$IT1 IT 
UPHOLDS & MA9TA9S CAPITALISM & ! CAPITALI/ ,/ATE1 EV5 AFT] 
?IS T]RIBLE W>1 AFT] ! LOSS ( ?\S&S ( BILLIONS1 & 9 ! 
MID/ ( CONDITIONS ?AT SEEM LIKE BANKRUPTCY TO US4 

,& IT IS ?R\< ?IS ?AT1 ) ALL ! MORE =CE1 IT COLLECTS ALL 
CLASSES >\ND IT1 COMB9+ !M 9TO ONE :OLE1 AGA9/ ! 
PROLET>IAT4 ,& ! =CE & PLIABILITY1 & ! UNISON ( ALL CLASSES 
>E SO GREAT1 ?AT !Y WILL LA/ LONG AFT] ! REVOLUTION HAS BROK5 
\T4 

,CAUSE ( ,REVOLUTION'S ,DELAY4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT CAPITAL HAS BE5 T]RIBLY WEAK5$4 ,! CRISIS IS 
COM+1 & ) IT ! REVOLUTION4 ,& ,I BELIEVE ?AT ! REVOLUTION 
WILL W94 ,BUT !RE >E TWO ?+S ?AT /ILL KEEP CAPITALISM V]Y 
/RONG3 ! SPIRITUAL SLAV]Y ( ! MASSES1 & BANK+ CAPITAL4 

,\R TACTICS1 !RE=E1 HAVE TO BE BAS$ ON ! P[] ( !SE TWO 
?+S4 

,& !RE IS ONE O!R CAUSE ?R\< :I* ORGANIZ$ BANK+ CAPITAL 
RALLIES ALL ! CLASSES AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS ! GREAT NUMB] 
( PROLET>IANS4 ,ALL ! CLASSES FEEL ?AT IF ONLY !Y C\LD 9DUCE ! 
WORK]S 79 ,G]MANY ALONE ALMO/ TW5TY MILLION7 TO WORK #a1 #a#b1 OR #ad 
H\RS A DAY1 !N !RE W\LD BE A WAY \T ( ! CRISIS4 ,?AT IS :Y 
!Y HOLD TOGE!R4 

,!SE >E ! ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 

,9 ,RUSSIA BANK+ CAPITAL DID NOT HAVE ?IS P[] YET1 SO !RE ! 
B\RGEOISIE & ! L[] CLASSES DID NOT UNITE4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 !RE 
W]E REAL RIFTS BETWE5 !M4 ,& !RE ! PROLET>IAT DID NOT /& 
ALONE4 

,!SE ECONOMIC CAUSES DET]M9E POLITICS4 ,IT IS ?R\< ?IS ?AT 
?OSE CLASSES 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE 7DEP5D5T SLAVES ?AT !Y >E7 VOTE 
= !IR MA/]S1 = !SE BIG CAPITALI/ P>TIES1 & ?AT !Y 
BELONG TO !M4 ,9 ,G]MANY & ,5GL&1 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 !SE 
ELEM5TS HAVE H>DLY ANY P>TIES ( !IR [N4 

,ALL ?IS WAS V]Y /RONG ALREADY BE=E ! REVOLUTION & BE=E ! 
W>4 ,N[ ?R\< ! W> IT HAS BECOME 9T5SIFI$ TO AN 5ORM\S EXT5T 
- ?R\< NATIONALISM & *AUV9ISM1 BUT ESPECIALLY ?R\< ! 
MASSIVE TRU/IFICATION ( ALL ECONOMIC =CES4 ,?R\< ! REVOLUTION1 
H[EV]1 ?IS T5D5CY - UNITY ( ALL B\RGEOIS P>TIES ) ALL 
PETTY-B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS & ALL POOR PEASANTS - HAS AGA9 BE5 
IMM5SELY /R5G!N$4 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAS NOT BE5 9 VA96 ,N[ WE KN[ EV]Y:]E 
:AT TO EXPECT4 

,?US 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 & ESPECIALLY 9 ,5GL& & ,G]MANY1 ! 
BIG B\RGEOISIE & ! BIG PEASANTS1 ! MIDDLE CLASSES & MIDDLE 
PEASANTS1 ! L[] B\RGEOISIE & ! SMALL PEASANTS1 >E ALL UNIT$ 
AGA9/ ! WORK]S1 ?R\< MONOPOLY1 ! BANKS1 ! TRU/S2 ?R\< 
IMP]IALISM1 ! W> & REVOLUTION4.<#b#a.> ,&1 AS ! LABOR QUE/ION 5COMPASSES ALL 
?+S1 !Y >E UNIT$ ON ALL QUE/IONS4 

,H]E1 ,COMRADE1 ,I MU/ MAKE ! SAME REM>K ,I HAVE ALREADY MADE 79 
! FIR/ *APT]7 ) REG>D TO ! PEASANT QUE/ION4 ,I KN[ QUITE 
WELL ?AT ! LITTLE M9DS 9 \R ,P>TY1 ?AT LACK ! /R5G? TO BASE 
TACTICS ON GREAT1 G5]AL L9ES1 & CONSEQU5TLY BASE !M ON ! 
SMALL1 P>TICUL> ONES1 ?AT !SE LITTLE M9DS WILL CALL ! ATT5TION 
TO ?OSE ELEM5TS AMONG !SE LAY]S1 ?AT HAVE NOT YET COME UND] ! 
BANN] ( BIG CAPITAL4 

,I DO NOT D5Y ?AT !RE >E SU* ELEM5TS1 BUT ,I MA9TA9 ?AT ! 
G5]AL TRU?1 ! G5]AL T5D5CY 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 IS ?AT !Y >E 
UND] ! BANN] ( BIG CAPITAL4 ,& IT IS ON ?IS G5]AL TRU? ?AT 
\R TACTICS MU/ BE BAS$6 

,NEI!R DO ,I D5Y ?AT !RE MAY BE 0RIFTS0 YET4 ,I ONLY 
SAY ?AT ! G5]AL T5D5CY IS1 & WILL BE1 = A LONG TIME AFT] ! 
REVOLUTION3 UNITY ( !SE CLASSES4 ,& ,I SAY ?AT = ! WORK]S 9 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE IT IS BETT] TO HAVE !IR ATT5TION DIRECT$ TO ?AT 
UNITY ?AN TO !SE RIFTS4 ,= IT IS !Y !MSELVES ?AT MU/ 9 ! 
FIR/ PLACE MAKE ! REVOLUTION1 & NOT !IR LEAD]S1 !IR ,MEMB]S ( 
,P>LIAM5T4 

,NOR DO ,I SAY ?AT 7:I* ! LITTLE M9DS WILL MAKE ( MY WORDS7 ?AT 
! REAL 9T]E/S ( !SE CLASSES >E ! SAME AS ?OSE ( BIG 
CAPITAL4 ,I KN[ ?AT !SE CLASSES >E OPPRESS$ BY IT4 

,:AT ,I SAY IS SIMPLY ?IS3 

,!SE CLASSES CL+ TO BIG CAPITAL EV5 MORE FIRMLY ?AN BE=E1 
BECAUSE N[ !Y ALSO SEE ! DANG] ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION 
AHEAD4 

,9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE ! DOM9ATION ( CAPITAL MEANS TO !M A MORE OR 
LESS SURE EXI/5CE1 ! POSSIBILITY (1 OR AT LEA/ ! BELIEF 91 A 
BETT]M5T ( !IR POSITION4 ,N[ !Y >E ?REAT5$ BY *AOS & ! 
REVOLUTION1 :I* = SOME TIME TO COME MEANS WORSE *AOS4 ,?AT IS :Y 
!Y SIDE ) CAPITAL 9 ! EF=T TO SWEEP *AOS AWAY BY EV]Y 
POSSIBLE MEANS1 TO SAVE PRODUCTION1 TO DRIVE ! WORK]S TO WORK LONG] 
H\RS1 & TO 5DURE PRIVATION PATI5TLY4 ,= !M ! PROLET>IAN 
REVOLUTION 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE IS ! FALL & BREAKD[N ( ALL ORD]1 ( 
ALL SECURITY ( EXI/5CE1 BE IT EV] SO 9SUFFICI5T4 ,!RE=E !Y 
ALL SUPPORT BIG CAPITAL1 & WILL CONT9UE TO DO SO = A LONG TIME1 
9CLUD+ DUR+ ! REVOLUTION4 

,ALL ,CLASSES ,FI<T ! ,PROLET>IAT4 

,= F9ALLY ,I MU/ YET PO9T \T ?AT :AT ,I HAVE SAID APPLIES TO ! 
TACTICS AT ! BEG9N+ & 9 ! C\RSE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,I KN[ 
?AT QUITE AT ! 5D ( ! REVOLUTION1 :5 VICTORY DRAWS NE> & 
CAPITALISM HAS BE5 %ATT]$1 !SE CLASSES WILL COME TO US4 ,BUT WE 
MU/ DET]M9E \R TACTICS NOT = ! 5D1 BUT = ! BEG9N+ & 9 
! C\RSE ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,!ORETICALLY1 !RE=E1 ALL ?IS HAD TO BE SO4 

,!ORETICALLY !SE CLASSES HAD TO COOP]ATE4 

,!ORETICALLY ?IS IS AN E/ABLI%$ FACT4 ,BUT PRACTICALLY AS 
WELL4 

,?IS ,I WILL PROVE NEXT3 

,= MANY YE>S ALREADY ! 5TIRE B\RGEOISIE1 ALL B\RGEOIS P>TIES 
9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ALSO ?OSE ?AT BELONG TO ! SMALL PEASANTS & 
MIDDLE B\RGEOISIE1 HAVE DONE NO?+ = ! WORK]S4 ,& !Y W]E ALL 
( !M HO/ILE TO ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 & 9 FAVOR ( IMP]IALISM1 9 
FAVOR ( ! W>4 

,= YE>S ALREADY !RE HAD NOT BE5 A S+LE P>TY 9 ,5GL&1 9 
,G]MANY1 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ?AT SUPPORT$ ! WORK]S4 ,ALL W]E OPPOS$ 
TO !M2 9 ALL MATT]S4.<#b#b.> 

,!RE WAS NO NEW LABOR LEGISLATION4 ,CONDITIONS GREW WORSE 9/EAD4 
,LAWS W]E PASS$ AGA9/ GO+ ON /RIKE4 ,EV5 HI<] TAXES W]E 
LEVI$4 

,IMP]IALISM1 COLONIZATION1 M>9ISM & MILIT>ISM W]E SUPPORT$ BY 
ALL B\RGEOIS1 9CLUD+ ! PETTY-B\RGEOIS P>TIES4 ,! DIFF]5CE 
BETWE5 LIB]AL & CL]ICAL1 CONS]VATIVE & PROGRESSIVE1 BIG & 
PETTY B\RGEOIS1 DISAPPE>$4 

,EV]Y?+ :I* ! SOCIAL-PATRIOTS1 ! RE=MI/S SAID1 AB\T ! 
DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! P>TIES1 AB\T ! 0RIFTS0 BETWE5 
!M1 WAS A FRAUD4 ,& ALL ?IS HAS N[ BE5 BR\<T =W>D BY Y\1 
,COMRADE ,L596 ,IT WAS A FRAUD = ALL C\NTRIES 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,?IS 
HAS BE5 BE/ PROV$ 9 ,JULY-,AUGU/ #a#i#a#d4 

,AT ?AT TIME !Y W]E ALL ONE4 ,& ! REVOLUTION HAS MADE !M EV5 
F> MORE UNIT$ 9 PRACTICE4 ,AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION1 & CONSEQU5TLY 
AGA9/ ALL WORK]S1 = ! REVOLUTION ALONE CAN BR+ ACTUAL 
BETT]M5T TO ALL WORK]S1 AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION !Y ALL /& 
TOGE!R )\T A S+LE 0RIFT40 

,& AS ?R\< ! W>1 ! CRISIS & ! REVOLUTION1 ALL SOCIAL & 
POLITICAL QUE/IONS HAVE COME TO BE CONNECT$ 9 PRACTICE ) ! 
QUE/ION ( ! REVOLUTION1 !SE CLASSES 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE /& 
TOGE!R 9 ALL QUE/IONS1 & 9 OPPOSITION TO ! PROLET>IAT4 

,9 A WORD1 ! TRU/1 ! MONOPOLY1 ! BIG BANKS1 IMP]IALISM1 ! 
W>1 ! REVOLUTION1 HAVE 9 PRACTICE RIVET$ TOGE!R 9TO ONE CLASS 
ALL ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN BIG & PETTY B\RGEOIS & PEASANT P>TIES 
AGA9/ ! WORK]S4.<#b#c.> 

,!ORETICALLY & PRACTICALLY1 !RE=E1 ?IS IS AN E/ABLI%$ 
FACT4 ,9 ! REVOLUTION 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & ESPECIALLY 9 ,5GL& & 
,G]MANY1 !RE >E NO 0RIFTS0 ( ANY CONSID]ABLE IMPORTANCE 
BETWE5 !SE CLASSES4 

,H]E AGA9 ,I MU/ ADD SOME?+ P]SONAL4 ,ON PAGES #d & #da Y\ 
CRITICIZE ! ,AM/]DAM ,BUREAU4 ,Y\ CITE A !SIS ( ! BUREAU4 
,P>5!TICALLY1 :AT Y\ SAY ) REG>D TO ?IS IS WRONG - ALL 
( IT4 ,BUT Y\ ALSO SAY ?AT ! ,AM/]DAM ,COMMISSION1 BE=E CONDEMN+ 
P>LIAM5T>ISM1 \<T TO HAVE GIV5 AN ANALYSIS ( ! CLASS RELATIONS 
& ! POLITICAL P>TIES1 TO JU/IFY ?IS CONDEMNATION4 ,EXCUSE ME1 
,COMRADE1 ?IS WAS NOT ! TASK ( ! ,COMMISSION4 ,= ?AT ON :I* 
!IR !SIS IS BAS$1 TO WIT ?AT ALL B\RGEOIS P>TIES 9 ,P>LIAM5T 
AS WELL AS MORE \TSIDE1 HAD BE5 ALL ALONG1 & W]E EV5 N[1 OPPOS$ 
TO ! WORK]S1 & DID NOT %[ ! SLI<TE/ 0RIFT10 ALL 
?IS HAD BE5 ASC]TA9$ LONG AGO1 & WAS AN E/ABLI%$ FACT = ALL 
,M>XI/S4 ,9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE AT ANY RATE1 !RE WAS NO NE$ = US TO 
ANALYZE ?AT4 

,ON ! CONTR>Y1 CONSID]+ Y\ /RIVE = COMPROMISE & ALLIANCES 
9 ,P>LIAM5T1 :I* W\LD LEAD US 9TO OPPORTUNISM1 IT WAS Y\R DUTY TO 
DEMON/RATE ?AT !RE >E ANY RIFTS ( IMPORTANCE BETWE5 ! B\RGEOIS 
P>TIES4 

,Y\ WI% TO LEAD US1 H]E 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 9TO COMPROMIS+4 ,:AT 
,TROEL/RA1 ,H5D]SON1 ,S*EIDEMANN1 ,TURATI1 ETC41 C\LD NOT ACCOMPLI% 9 
! TIME ( EVOLUTION1 Y\ WI% TO DO DUR+ ! REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS = 
Y\ TO PROVE ?AT ?IS CAN BE DONE4 

,OPPOS+ ,CAPITALI/ ,=CES ,UNITE TO ,DEFEAT ,REVOLUTION4 

,& ?IS NOT BY MEANS ( ,RUSSIAN EXAMPLES2 !SE >E EASY 5\<1 TO 
BE SURE1 BUT ) ,WE/-,EUROPEAN EXAMPLES4 ,?IS DUTY Y\ HAVE FULFILL$ 
9 ! MO/ MIS]ABLE WAY4 ,NO WOND] Y\ TOOK ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY Y\R 
,RUSSIAN EXP]I5CE1 ?AT ( A V]Y BACKW>D C\NTRY1 NOT ?AT ( ! 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE ( !SE MOD]N DAYS4 

,9 ! 5TIRE BOOKLET1 9 ! P>TS :I* DEAL ) !SE V]Y 
QUE/IONS ( TACTICS1 ! ,RUSSIAN EXAMPLES EXCEPT$1 TO :I* ,I WILL 
SOON PROCE$1 ,I F9D BUT TWO EXAMPLES FROM ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ! ,KAPP 
PUTS* 9 ,G]MANY1 & ! ,LLOYD ,GEORGE-,*UR*ILL GOV]NM5T 9 ,5GL&1 
) ! OPPOSITION ( ,ASQUI?4 

,V]Y FEW EXAMPLES 9DE$1 & ( ! POORE/ QUALITY1 ?AT !RE >E 
0RIFTS0 BETWE5 ! B\RGEOIS1 & 9 ?IS CASE ALSO ! 
SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TIES6 

,IF EV] A PRO( WAS NE$$ ?AT BETWE5 ! B\RGEOIS 7& 9 ?IS 
CASE ALSO ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TIES71 !RE >E NO IMPORTANT RIFTS 
AS REG>DS ! WORK]S1 9 ! REVOLUTION1 & H]E 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE2 
! ,KAPP PUTS* FURNI%ES ?AT PRO(4 ,! ,KAPPITES DID NOT PUNI%1 KILL 
& IMPRISON ! DEMOCRATS1 ! ,Z5TRUM PEOPLE1 & ! SOCIAL 
DEMOCRATS4 ,& :5 !SE CAME 9TO P[] AGA91 !Y DID NOT PUNI%1 
KILL & IMPRISON ! ,KAPPITES4 ,BUT BO? P>TIES KILL$ ! 
,COMMUNI/S6 

,COMMUNISM WAS TOO WEAK AS YET4 ,?AT IS :Y !Y DID NOT ,T,O,G,E,!,R 
=GE A DICTATOR%IP4 ,NEXT TIME1 :5 ,COMMUNISM WILL BE /RONG]1 !Y 
WILL ORGANIZE A DICTATOR%IP ,B,E,T,W,E,5 ,!,M4 

,IT WAS & IS Y\R DUTY1 ,COMRADE1 TO PO9T \T 9 :AT WAY ! 
,COMMUNI/S C\LD AT ?AT TIME HAVE TAK5 ADVANTAGE 9 ,P>LIAM5T ( ?AT 
RIFT - 9 SU* A WAY1 ( C\RSE1 AS TO B5EFIT ! WORK]S4 ,IT WAS 
& IS Y\R DUTY TO TELL US :AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MEMB]S ( ,P>LIAM5T 
\<T TO HAVE SAID TO MAKE ! WORK]S SEE ?IS RIFT1 & TAKE ADVANTAGE 
( IT - 9 SU* A WAY1 ( C\RSE1 AS NOT TO /R5G!N ! 
B\RGEOIS P>TIES4 ,Y\ CANNOT DO ?IS1 BECAUSE DUR+ ! REVOLUTION 
!RE IS NO RIFT ( ANY IMPORTANCE4 ,& IT IS ( ! TIME ( ! 
REVOLUTION ?AT WE SPEAK4 ,& IT WAS Y\R DUTY TO PO9T \T ?AT IF 9 
SPECIAL CASES !RE %\LD BE SU* RIFTS1 IT W\LD BE MORE ADVANTAGE\S 
TO DIRECT ! ATT5TION ( ! WORK]S 9 ?AT DIRECTION ?AN TO ! 
G5]AL T5D5CY T[>DS UNITY4 

,& IT WAS & IS Y\R DUTY1 ,COMRADE1 BE=E BEG9N+ TO LEAD US 9 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 TO %[ :]E ?OSE RIFTS >E1 9 ,5GL&1 9 ,G]MANY1 
9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 

,?IS Y\ CANNOT DO EI!R4 ,Y\ SPEAK ( A RIFT BETWE5 ,*UR*ILL1 
,LLOYD ,GEORGE1 & ,ASQUI?1 ( :I* ! WORK]S >E TO TAKE ADVANTAGE4 
,?IS IS ALTOGE!R PITIFUL4 ,I WILL NOT EV5 DISCUSS ?IS ) Y\4 ,= 
EV]YONE KN[S ?AT S9CE 9 ,5GL& ! 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT HAS SOME 
P[]1 !SE RIFTS HAVE BE5 >TIFICIALLY MADE BY ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES 
& LEAD]S & >E YET BE+ MADE1 TO MISLEAD ! WORK]S1 TO 5TICE 
!M FROM ! ONE SIDE TO ! O!R1 & BACK AGA9 AD 9F9ITUM1 ?US 
TO KEEP !M = EV] P[]LESS & DEP5D5T4 ,TO ?IS 5D !Y EV5 AT 
TIMES ADMIT TWO OPPON5TS TO ! ONE GOV]NM5T1 ,LLOYD ,GEORGE & 
,*UR*ILL4 ,& ,COMRADE ,L59 LETS HIMSELF BE CAU<T 9 ?IS TRAP1 ?AT 
IS WELL NI< A C5TURY OLD6 ,HE /RIVES TO 9DUCE ! ,BRITI% WORK]S TO 
BASE !IR POLITICS ON ?IS FRAUD6 ,AT ! TIME ( ! REVOLUTION1 ! 
,*UR*ILLS1 ,LLOYD ,GEORGE1 & ! ,ASQUI?S WILL UNITE AGA9/ ! 
REVOLUTION1 & !N Y\1 ,COMRADE1 WILL HAVE BETRAY$ & WEAK5$ ! 
,5GLI% PROLET>IAT ) AN ILLUSION4 ,IT WAS Y\R DUTY TO PO9T \T NOT 
BY MEANS ( G5]AL1 F9E & BRILLIANT FIGURES ( SPEE* 7AS 9 ! 
5TIRE LA/ *APT]1 ON PAGE #gb = 9/ANCE71 BUT ACCURATELY1 
CONCRETELY1 BY MEANS ( CLE> EXAMPLES & FACTS1 :AT ?OSE CONFLICTS 
& DIFF]5CES >E - NOT ! ,RUSSIAN ONES1 NOR ?OSE ?AT >E ( 
NO IMPORTANCE1 OR >TIFICIALLY MADE1 BUT BY MEANS ( ! ACTUAL1 
IMPORTANT1 ,WE/-,EUROPEAN EXAMPLES4 ,?IS Y\ DO NO:]E 9 Y\R BRO*URE4 
,& AS LONG AS Y\ DO NOT GIVE !SE1 WE DO NOT BELIEVE Y\4 ,:5 Y\ 
GIVE !M WE WILL ANSW] Y\ - UNTIL !N WE SAY3 IT IS NO?+ 
BUT ILLUSIONS ?AT MISLEAD ! WORK]S1 & LEAD !M 9TO FALSE 
TACTICS4 ,! TRU? IS1 ,COMRADE1 ?AT Y\ WRONGLY ASSUME ! 
,WE/-,EUROPEAN & ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS TO BE ALIKE4 ,& = :AT 
REASON8 ,BECAUSE Y\ =GET ?AT 9 ! MOD]N1 ?AT IS TO SAY ! 
,WE/-,EUROPEAN & ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,/ATES1 !RE IS A P[] ?AT /&S 
ABOVE ! V>I\S K9DS ( CAPITALI/S - ! L&[N]S1 
9DU/RIAL MAGNATES1 & M]*ANTS BANK+ CAPITAL4 ,?IS P[]1 :I* IS 
ID5TICAL ) IMP]IALISM1 UNITES ALL CAPITALI/S1 9CLUD+ ! SMALL 
PEASANTS & B\RGEOIS4 

,ONE ?+1 H[EV]1 REMA9S TO Y\4 ,Y\ SAY !RE >E RIFTS BETWE5 
,LABOR P>TIES & ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES1 & ?AT !SE CAN BE MADE USE 
(4 ,?AT IS RI<T4 

,WE MI<T AV]1 TO BE SURE1 ?AT !SE DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! SOCIAL 
DEMOCRATS & B\RGEOIS 9 ! W> & 9 ! REVOLUTION HAVE BE5 V]Y 
SLI<T & HAVE DISAPPE>$ 9 MO/ CASES6 ,BUT !Y MI<T BE !RE4 ,& 
!Y MAY >ISE YET4 ,( ?OSE WE MU/ !RE=E SPEAK4 ,ESPECIALLY AS Y\ 
PUT IT1 ! 0PURE0 ,5GLI% ,LABOR GOV]NM5T1 ,?OMAS1 
,H5D]SON1 ,CLYNES1 ETC41 9 ,5GL&1 AGA9/ ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/1 & ! 
POSSIBLY 0PURE0 SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T ( ,EB]T1 ,S*EIDEMANN1 
,NOSKE1 ,HILF]D+1 ,CRISPI51 ,COHN1 AGA9/ ! ,K,A,P,D4.<#b#d.> 

,Y\ SAY ?AT Y\R TACTICS1 :I* DIRECT ! WORK]S' ATT5TION 
T[>DS !SE ,LABOR GOV]NM5TS1 5C\RAG$ !M TO PROMOTE !IR 
=MATION1 >E CLE> & EFFECTIVE2 :IL/ \RS1 :I* >E OPPOS$ TO 
!IR =MATION1 >E H>MFUL4 

,NO1 ,COMRADE1 \R ATTITUDE ) REG>D TO !SE CASES ( 
0PURE0 ,LABOR GOV]NM5T :]E ! RIFT BETWE5 !SE 
P>TIES ( WORK]S & ?OSE ( ! B\RGEOISIE BECAME A SPLIT1 IS AGA9 
QUITE CLE>1 & PR(ITABLE1 TO ! REVOLUTION4 

,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT WE %ALL ALL[ SU* A GOV]NM5T TO EXI/4 ,IT CAN 
BE NECESS>Y1 IT CAN MEAN PROGRESS = ! MOVEM5T4 ,IF ?IS IS SO1 WE 
CANNOT PROCE$ ANY FUR!R YET1 WE WILL LET IT EXI/1 CRITICIZ+ !M 
AS KE5LY AS POSSIBLE1 & REPLACE !M BY A ,COMMUNI/ GOV]NM5T AS 
SOON AS WE CAN4 ,BUT TO PROMOTE ITS >RIVAL 9 ,P>LIAM5T & 9 
ELECTIONS1 ?IS WILL NOT DO 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 

,& WE WILL NOT DO ?IS1 BECAUSE 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & 9 ! 
REVOLUTION ! WORK]S /& ALL ALONE4 ,= ?AT REASON EV]Y?+ 
- DO Y\ UND]/& ?IS8 - EV]Y?+ ,H,],E DEP5DS ON !IR 
WILL = ACTION1 ON !IR CLE>NESS ( BRA94 ,& BECAUSE ( !SE1 Y\R 
TACTICS ( COMPROMIS+ ) ! ,S*EIDEMANNS & ,H5D]SONS1 ) ! 
,CRISPI5S & !IR FOLL[]S AMONG ! ,5GLI% ,9DEP5D5TS1 ( ! 
OPPORTUNI/ ,COMMUNI/S ( ! ,SP>TACUS ,LEAGUE OR ! ,B,S,P - 
BECAUSE !SE TACTICS 9SIDE & \TSIDE ,P>LIAM5T CONFUSE HEADS1 H]E 
9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & 9 ! REVOLUTION - MAK+ ! WORK]S ELECT 
SOMEONE :OM !Y KN[ BE=EH& TO BE AN IMPO/OR1 & BECAUSE \R 
TACTICS ON ! O!R H& MAKE !M CLE>-SI<T$1 BY %[+ !M ! 
5EMY AS 5EMY1 BECAUSE ( ALL ?IS &1 EV5 AT ! RISK ( LOS+ A 
REPRES5TATIVE 9 ,P>LIAM5T 9 P]IODS ( ILLEGALITY1 OR ( MISS+ ! 
B5EFIT1 ( A 0RIFT0 79 ,P>LIAM5T671 WE 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 
& UND] ! PRES5T CONDITIONS1 *OOSE \R TACTICS & REJECT 
Y\RS4 

,H]E AGA9 Y\R ADVICE LEADS TO CONFUSION1 & AWAK5S ILLUSIONS4 

,BUT :AT AB\T ! MEMB]S ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TIES1 ! 
,G]MAN ,9DEP5D5TS1 ! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 & ! ,9DEP5D5T ,P>TY8 ,MU/ 
NOT ?OSE BE WON8 

,!SE1 ! WORK+ CLASS & PETTY-B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS AMONG !M1 
WILL BE WON BY US1 ! ,LEFT ,W+1 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ?R\< \R 
PROPAG&A1 \R MEET+S & \R PRESS1 & ESPECIALLY ?R\< \R 
EXAMPLE1 \R SLOGANS1 \R ACTION ON ! %OP FLOOR4 ,9 ! REVOLUTION1 
?OSE :O >E NOT WON ?US1 ?R\< \R ACTION1 ?R\< ! REVOLUTION1 
>E LO/ ANYWAY1 & CAN GO TO ! DEVIL4 ,!SE SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC1 
,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,P>TIES 9 ,5GL& & ,G]MANY CONSI/ ( WORK]S & 
PETTY-B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS4 ,! FIR/1 ! WORK]S1 CAN ALL BE WON 9 ! 
LONG RUN4 ,! PETTY-B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS ONLY TO A V]Y SLI<T EXT5T1 & 
>E ( LITTLE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE2 !SE FEW WILL BE WON OV] BY \R 
PROPAG&A1 ETC44 ,! MAJORITY ( !M - & IT IS ON !SE ?AT 
,NOSKE & HIS CONJUR]S RELY ABOVE ALL - BELONG TO CAPITALISM1 
&1 9 PROPORTION TO ! REVOLUTION'S ADVANCE1 !Y RALLY ALL ! 
CLOS] >\ND IT4 

,WORK%OP1 NOT ,P>LIAM5T1 ! ,BATTLE-GR\ND4 

,BUT DOES ! FACT ?AT WE DO NOT SUPPORT !M AT ! ELECTIONS IMPLY 
?AT WE >E CUT (F FROM ! ,LABOR ,P>TIES1 ! 9DEP5D5TS1 ! 
SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 ! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 ETC48 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 WE SEEK 
ALLIANCE ) !M AS MU* AS WE CAN4 ,ON EV]Y OCCASION WE SUMMON !M 
= COMMON ACTION3 = ! /RIKE1 ! BOYCOTT1 = REVOLT1 /REET 
FI<TS1 & ESPECIALLY = ! WORK]S' C\NCILS1 ! 9DU/RIAL 
C\NCILS4 ,WE SEEK !M EV]Y:]E4 ,ONLY NOT 9 P>LIAM5T1 AS WE US$ TO 
DO4 ,?IS1 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 BELONGS TO A PA/ EPO*4 ,BUT 9 ! 
WORK%OP1 9 ! UNION & 9 ! /REET - ?AT IS :]E WE F9D 
!M4 ,?AT IS :]E WE W9 !M4 ,?IS IS ! NEW PRACTICE1 SUCCE$+ 
SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PRACTICE4 ,IT IS ! ,COMMUNI/ PRACTICE4 

,Y\1 ,COMRADE1 WI% TO BR+ ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 ! ,9DEP5D5TS1 
ETC41 9TO ,P>LIAM5T 9 ORD] TO %[ ?AT !Y >E DECEIV]S4 ,Y\ WI% 
TO USE ,P>LIAM5T TO %[ ?AT IT IS ( NO USE4 

,Y\ SEEK TO SLYLY DECEIVE ! WORK]S4 ,Y\ PUT ! ROPE R\ND !IR 
NECK & LET !M HANG4 ,WE HELP !M TO AVOID ! ROPE4 ,WE DO ?IS 
BECAUSE H]E WE >E ABLE TO DO SO4 ,Y\ FOLL[ ! TACTICS ( ! PEASANT 
RACES2 WE ?OSE ( ! 9DU/RIAL RACES4 ,?IS IS NO SCORN1 & NO 
MOCK]Y4 ,I BELIEVE ?AT ) Y\ IT WAS ! RI<T WAY4 ,ONLY Y\ %\LD 
NOT - EI!R 9 ?IS SMALL MATT]1 OR 9 ! GREAT QUE/ION ( 
P>LIAM5T>ISM - =CE ON US :AT WAS GOOD 9 ,RUSSIA BUT LEADS TO 
DE/RUCTION H]E4 

,F9ALLY ,I HAVE ONLY ONE REM>K TO MAKE3 Y\ SAY1 & Y\ HAVE (T5 
UPHELD IT1 ?AT 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE ! REVOLUTION CAN ONLY BEG9 ,A,F,T,] 
!SE L[] CLASSES ADJAC5T TO ! PROLET>IAT HAVE BE5 SUFFICI5TLY 
%AK51 NEUTRALIZ$ OR WON OV]4 ,AS ,I HAVE DEMON/RAT$ ?AT !Y CANNOT 
BE %AK51 NEUTRALIZ$ OR WON AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! REVOLUTION1 ?IS 
LATT]1 IF Y\R /ATEM5T WAS CORRECT1 W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,?IS HAS 
BE5 TOLD TO ME OV] & OV] AGA91 FROM Y\R SIDE1 & ALSO BY ,COMRADE 
,Z9OVIEV4 ,=TUNATELY1 H[EV]1 H]E ALSO Y\R OBS]VATION 9 ! MO/ 
IMPORTANT ( QUE/IONS :I* DET]M9E ! REVOLUTION1 IS FALSE4 ,& IT 
AGA9 PROVES ?AT Y\ SEE ALL ?+S EXCLUSIVELY FROM ! ,EA/-,EUROPEAN 
PO9T ( VIEW4 ,I WILL MAKE ?IS CLE> 9 ! LA/ *APT]4 

,I H]E) BELIEVE TO HAVE PROV$ ?AT Y\R SECOND >GUM5T = 
P>LIAM5T>ISM IS = ! MO/ P>T AN OPPORTUNI/IC FRAUD1 & ?AT 9 
?IS RESPECT P>LIAM5T>ISM MU/ N[ BE REPLAC$ BY ANO!R ME?OD ( 
FI<T+1 ONE ?AT LACKS ITS DRAWBACKS & POSSESSES GREAT] 
ADVANTAGES4 

,I RECOGNIZE ?AT 9 ?IS ONE PO9T Y\R TACTICS CAN HAVE SOME 
ADVANTAGES4 ,! ,LABOR ,GOV]NM5T CAN PRODUCE SOME GOOD1 GREAT] 
CL>ITY4 ,& 9 ILLEGAL TIMES Y\R TACTICS CAN BE PR(ITABLE4 ,WE 
RECOGNIZE ?AT4 ,BUT JU/ AS ONCE WE NE$$ TO SAY TO ! REVOLUTIONI/S 
& RE=MI/S3 WE PRIZE ! DEVELOPM5T ( SELF-CONSCI\SNESS 9 ! 
WORK]S ABOVE EV]Y?+1 EV5 ABOVE SMALL ADVANTAGES4 ,WE N[ SAY TO 
Y\1 ,L59 & Y\R 0,RI<T0 COMRADES3 WE PRIZE ABOVE ALL ! 
RIP5+ ( ! MASSES T[>DS WILL & DE$4 ,H]ETO ALL ?+S HAVE TO 
BE MADE SUBS]VI5T 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,WE WILL SEE :O IS RI<T1 ! 
0,LEFT0 OR ,L594 ,I DO NOT D\BT ONE MOM5T4 ,WE WILL DEFEAT 
Y\1 AS WE DID ,TROEL/RA1 ,H5D]SON1 ,R5AUDEL & ,LEGI54 

,?IS H]E IS ! PLACE TO DISCUSS ! MUTUAL RELATION%IP BETWE5 
P>TY1 CLASS & MASS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 

,?IS MATT] IS ALSO ( ! GREATE/ IMPORTANCE3 AS IMPORTANT AS ! 
P[] ( BANK+ CAPITAL1 & ! ,U,N,I,T,Y ( ALL GREAT & SMALL B\RGEOIS 
CLASSES IT 5G5D]S4 ,! RELATION BETWE5 P>TY1 CLASS & MASS 9 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE DIFF]S WIDELY FROM ?AT ( ,RUSSIA1 & LIKE ! UNITY ( 
! B\RGEOIS CLASSES IT IS DUE TO ! P[] ( BANK+ CAPITAL4 

,\R TACTICS MU/ BE DIRECT$ T[>D & BAS$ ON A TRUE UND]/&+ 
( ?AT RELATION%IP4 ,:OEV] DOES NOT UND]/& ?IS RELATION%IP1 
CANNOT UND]/& !1 TACTICS = ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 

,LET US AGA9 TAKE ,G]MANY AS AN EXAMPLE4 ,NOT ONLY BECAUSE1 ) 
,5GL&1 IT IS 9DU/RIALLY ! MO/ HI<LY DEVELOP$ C\NTRY1 BUT ALSO 
BECAUSE IT (F]S ! MO/ DEVELOP$ /ATI/ICS4 

,AS WE HAVE (T5 OBS]V$ ALREADY1 IT HAS A PROLET>IAT ( AB\T 
TW5TY MILLION ACTUAL WORK]S3 AB\T F\RTE5 MILLION 9DU/RIAL & 
SOME SIX MILLION AGRICULTURAL4 ,:AT DOES ?IS MEAN8 ,?AT1 C\NT+ 
*ILDR51 NON-WORK]S & ! AG$1 ?IS PROLET>IAT COMPRISES AT LEA/ 
HALF - & PROBABLY MORE - ( ! TOTAL POPULATION ( 
,G]MANY4 

,WE HAVE SE51 H[EV]1 ?AT 9 ! REVOLUTION ! PROLET>IAT /&S 
ALONE1 & ?AT ! OPPON5TS ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ( ! REVOLUTION1 BY 
VIRTUE ( !IR >MS & !IR ORGANIZATION1 EV5 TO ?IS DAY >E SO 
P[]FUL ?AT !Y CAN ONLY BE CONQU]$ BY MEANS ( ! UNITY ( ! 
5TIRE PROLET>IAT4 ,& BECAUSE ( BANK+ CAPITAL !IR P[] IS SU* 
?AT UNITY ALONE DOES NOT SUFFICE3 ?AT A CONSCI\S1 DET]M9$ UNITY1 A 
TRULY ,COMMUNI/ UNITY IS NE$$4 

,TWO FACTS !RE=E >E C]TA93 ! PROLET>IAT IS V]Y NUM]\S1 IT 
COMPRISES MORE ?AN HALF ! POPULATION2 & ! OPPOSITION1 9 SPITE ( 
?IS1 IS SO P[]FUL ?AT ! UNITY ( ! PROLET>IAT1 REAL ,COMMUNI/ 
UNITY IS NECESS>Y4 

,ONLY ?US CAN ,CAPITALISM BE OV]?R[N1 & CAN ! REVOLUTION 
CONQU]4 

,:AT FOLL[S FROM !SE TWO FACTS8 

,FIR/LY1 ?AT ! DICTATOR%IP ( A ,P>TY1 ( A ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 
CANNOT EXI/ H]E 9 ,G]MANY1 AS IT DID 9 ,RUSSIA1 :]E A FEW ?\S& 
DOM9AT$ ! PROLET>IAT4 ,H]E1 9 ORD] TO CONQU] CAPITAL1 ! 
DICTATOR%IP MU/ BE EX]CIS$ BY ! CLASS ITSELF1 ! 5TIRE 
CLASS4.<#b#e.> 

,IT IS NOT1 WE 9SI/5TLY REPEAT1 = ANY RADICAL ROMANTIC1 
ES!TIC1 H]OIC OR 9TELLECTUAL REASON1 BUT = ! MO/ SIMPLE & 
CONCRETE FACT-ONE MOREOV] ?AT IS ONLY TOO MU* FELT BY ! ,G]MAN 
PROLET>IAT3 ?AT HI<LY ORGANIZ$ ,G]MAN MONOPOLY BANK+ CAPITAL IS SO 
P[]FUL1 & UNITES ! 5TIRE B\RGEOISIE4 

,! SAME CAUSE ?AT UNITES ! 5TIRE B\RGEOISIE MAKES IT NECESS>Y 
?AT ! 5TIRE CLASS %\LD EX]CISE ITS DICTATOR%IP4 

,A ,UNIT$ ,PROLET>IAT ,NECESS>Y4 

,FROM ! ABOVE M5TION$ CAUSES !RE FOLL[S SECONDLY3 ?AT AT ! 
BEG9N+ & DUR+ ! C\RSE ( ! REVOLUTION ! MASSES >E DIVIDE 
9TO TWO HO/ILE CAMPS4 ,BY MASSES WE MEAN ! PROLET>IAT & ! O!R 
WORK+ CLASS COMB9$4 

,!SE LATT] 7PETTY-B\RGEOIS1 PEASANTS1 9TELLECTUALS1 ETC47 9 ! 
BEG9N+ & DUR+ ! C\RSE ( ! REVOLUTION >E HO/ILE TO ! 
GREAT] P>T ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,BETWE5 ! PROLET>IAT ON ! ONE SIDE 
& ! RE/ ( ! MASSES ON ! O!R1 !RE IS AN ANTI!SIS4 ,CLASS 
& MASS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE >E NOT ONE1 NOR CAN !Y BECOME SO AT ! 
/>T1 & 9 ! FIR/ /AGES ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,F9ALLY FROM ! NUM]ICAL RELATIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT T[>DS ! 
O!R CLASSES1 & FROM ! FACT ?AT ! PROLET>IAT MU/ BE UNIT$ 9 
ORD] TO W91 !RE FOLL[S1 AS ,I HAVE %[N ABOVE1 ?AT ! RELATIVE 
IMPORTANCE ( ! CLASS1 AS OPPOS$ TO ! P[] ( LEAD]S1 MU/ BE 
V]Y GREAT2 ?AT ! P[] ( ! LEAD]S1 ) REG>D TO ?AT ( ! 
CLASS1 MU/ BE SMALL1 & LIKEWISE ?AT 9 ALL LIKELIHOOD 9 ,G]MANY 
P[] CANNOT COME 9TO ! H&S ( SOME FEW LEAD]S4 

,IF WE CONSID] ! *>ACT] ( ,G]MAN 9DU/RY1 ITS CONC5TRATION 9 
GREAT NUMB]S ( C5T]S1 ?IS GOES )\T SAY+4 ,H[ GREAT1 H[ 
NUM]\S ! LEAD]%IP WILL BE1 CANNOT AS YET BE ASC]TA9$1 IT CAN 
ONLY BE /AT$ ?AT IT WILL BE EXT5D$ OV] A GREAT NUMB] ( 
P]SONS4 

,& ?US1 AFT] ,G]MANY1 IT IS 9 ! FIR/ PLACE 9 ,5GL& - 
&1 ?\< TO A LESS] DEGREE1 ALL OV] ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 

,& ?IS FACT ?AT ! 5TIRE CLASS MU/ EX]CISE ITS DICTATOR%IP1 
H[ DOES IT AFFECT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY8 

,FROM ?IS FACT FOLL[S ?AT ! TASK ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE CONSI/S ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY ( PREP>+ ! CLASS & 
MAK+ IT CONSCI\S = ! REVOLUTION & ! DICTATOR%IP4 

,9 ALL ITS ACTIONS & ALL ITS TACTICS ! ,P>TY MU/ ALWAYS BE> 9 
M9D ?AT ! REVOLUTION MU/ BE MADE1 & ! DICTATOR%IP EX]CIS$ 
NOT BY ! ,P>TY ALONE1 BUT BY ! CLASS4 

,! TASK CAN ONLY BE FULFILL$ IF ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY CONSI/S ( 
POLITICALLY TRULY CONSCI\S & CONV9C$ REVOLUTION>IES1 :O >E READY 
= ANY DE$1 ANY SACRIFICE1 & IF ALL ! HALF-BAK$ & WAV]+ 
ELEM5TS >E KEPT (F BY MEANS ( ITS PROGRAM1 BY ACTION1 & 
ESPECIALLY BY ! V]Y TACTICS4 

,= ONLY ?US1 ONLY BY PRES]V+ ?IS PURITY1 ! ,P>TY WILL BE ABLE 
TO MAKE ! CLASS TRULY REVOLUTION>Y & ,COMMUNI/1 ?R\< ITS 
PROPAG&A1 ITS SLOGANS1 & BY TAK+ ! LEAD 9 ALL ACTIONS4 ,! 
,P>TY CAN TAKE ! LEAD ONLY BY BE+ ALWAYS ABSOLUTELY PURE ITSELF4 

,H[ L>GE ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WILL BECOME ?R\< ?IS ACTION CANNOT 
BE PR$ET]M9$4 ,WE DESIRE1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT IT MAY BE AS BIG AS 
POSSIBLE4 ,BUT ! 5TIRE TACTICS & ! 5TIRE /RUGGLE MU/ BE 
DOM9AT$ BY ?IS PR9CIPLE3 BETT] A ?\S& MEMB]S ?AT >E GOOD1 
?AN A HUNDR$ ?\S& ?AT >E BAD4 ,= !SE LATT] CANNOT ACCOMPLI% 
! REVOLUTION & ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,IT ALL DEP5DS ON ! PURITY & ! FIRMNESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 
H[ F> ITS P[] WILL REA*2 & H[ MU* IT WILL 9FLU5CE ! MASSES4 
,ALSO ! QUALITY ( ! LEAD]S DEP5DS TO SOME DEGREE ON ITS 
TACTICS4 

,9 O!R WORDS1 ,COMRADE ,L591 WE MU/ NEV] FOLL[ ! TACTICS Y\ 
FOLL[$ 9 #aib & #a#i#c1 :5 Y\ =M$ ! ,P>TY ?AT HAS MADE ! 
REVOLUTION4 

,M5%EVI/ ,TACTICS W\LD ,RU9 ,PROLET>IAT4 

,ALL ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS ( ,RUSSIA AT ?AT TIME W]E ( ! OP9ION 
?AT A PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATION \<T TO BE CREAT$1 & !Y AGRE$ 
?AT ?IS ORGANIZATION WAS TO BE OBTA9$ BY MEANS ( A BL9D IMITATION 
( ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY2 ALL ?IS HAS F9ALLY CRY/ALLIZ$ 9TO ! 
,M5%EVI/ ,P>TY4 ,! LAT] ,M5%EVI/S DREAM$ ( BUILD+ A BIG ,LABOR 
,P>TY1 9 :I* ! MASSES W\LD BE ABLE TO F9D ! ROAD TO !IR 
ACTION4 ,SU* A P>TY W\LD HAVE TO ACCEPT ALL ?OSE :O ADOPT$ ITS 
PROGRAM1 IT W\LD HAVE TO BE DEMOCRATICALLY CONDUCT$1 & W\LD F9D 
ITS REVOLUTION>Y WAY BY MEANS ( FREE CRITICISM1 & FREE DISCUSSION4 
,IT WAS AGA9/ ?IS ALLUR+ IMAGE1 ,COMRADE ,L591 ?AT Y\ DIRECT$ ALL 
! BL[S ( Y\R CRITICISM1 & NOT ONLY BECAUSE SU* A P>TY WAS 
IMPOSSIBLE UND] ,CZ>ISM1 & AN ILLUSION1 BUT MA9LY BECAUSE 
0BEH9D ?IS ILLUSION1 !RE LURK$ ! IMM5SE DANG] ( 
OPPORTUNISM40 

,! TACTICS ( ! ,M5%EVI/S W\LD MEAN ?AT ! MO/ WAV]+ & 
HESITAT+ ELEM5TS W\LD OBTA9 A DECISIVE 9FLU5CE ON ! P>TY ( 
! PROLET>IAT4 ,?IS Y\ WI%$ TO PREV5T1 & ?AT IS :Y Y\ TOOK 
C>E ?AT ! PROGRAM 79 ! WELL KN[N FIR/ >TICLE71 & ! 
TACTICS ALSO1 %\LD ALWAYS BE SU* ?AT ?IS WAS IMPOSSIBLE4.<#b#f.> 

,AS Y\ DID !N1 WE ( ! ,LEFT ,W+ WI% TO DO N[ 9 ! ,?IRD 
,9T]NATIONAL4 ,?R\< \R V]Y PROGRAM & TACTICS WE WI% TO *ASE 
AWAY ALL VACILLAT+ & OPPORTUNI/ ELEM5TS2 WE ONLY WI% TO ACCEPT 
! TRULY ,COMMUNI/1 TRULY REVOLUTION>Y ONES1 WE WI% TO C>RY \T 
TRULY COMMUNI/ ACTION4 ,& ALL ?IS EXCLUSIVELY ) A VIEW TO 
9SPIR+ ! 5TIRE CLASS ) COMMUNI/ SPIRIT1 & ( PREP>+ IT 
= ! REVOLUTION & ! DICTATOR%IP4 

,?IS LATT]1 ! PREP>ATION1 IS ( C\RSE A PROCESS - A 
PROCESS ( 9T]ACTION4 ,EV]Y ACTION1 EV]Y P>TIAL REVOLUTION ADVANCES 
! CLASS1 BR+S IT NE>] TO ! P>TY1 & ! /RONG] CLASS MEANS 
GREAT] /R5G? = EA* NEW /RUGGLE1 & ALSO = ! P>TY4 ,?US 
P>TY1 A CLASS COME 9TO EV] CLOS] CONTACT1 & F9ALLY !Y GR[ 9TO 
ONE :OLE4 

,?IS1 !RE=E1 IS \R PURPOSE3 ! ,P>TY1 SMALL OR L>GE1 DOES 
EV]Y?+ 9 ITS P[] TO FUR!R ! RIP5+ ( ! CLASS = 
REVOLUTION & DICTATOR%IP1 AS ?IS CLASS /&S ALONE 9 ! 
REVOLUTION1 )\T ! HELP ( ! PEASANTS4 

,H[EV]1 !RE IS YET ANO!R MEANS TO OBTA9 ?IS4 ,BESIDES ! 
POLITICAL P>TY WE HAVE AS \R WEAPON ! ,>BEIT]-,UNION1 BAS$ ON ! 
9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,:AT ! P>TY IS = POLITICAL ACTION1 ! 
,UNION IS = ECONOMIC ACTION4 

,& JU/ AS ! NUM]ICAL & CLASS RELATIONS = ,G]MANY & ,WE/]N 
,EUROPE1 :I* ,I HAVE QUOT$1 CLE>LY DEMON/RATE ?AT ! P>TY CANNOT 
EX]CISE ! DICTATOR%IP1 SO !SE FIGURES1 !SE CLASS RELATIONS1 ?IS 
UNITY ( ALL B\RGEOIS CLASSES AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION1 ?IS 9EVITABLE 
UNITY ( ! PROLET>IAT AGA9/ !M1 & ?IS NECESSITY ( ! 5TIRE 
CLASS EX]CIS+ ! DICTATOR%IP1 & BECOM+ = ! MO/ P>T 
COMMUNI/1 DEMON/RATE ! IRON NECESSITY ?AT NO ,TRADE ,UNION1 NOR 
,>BEIT]-,UNION OR ,9DU/RIAL ,LEAGUE1 NOR ,I,W,U OR ,%OP ,/EW>DS' 
,MOVEM5T CAN EV] PRESUME TO EX]CISE ! DICTATOR%IP4 

,!Y1 BO? ( !M1 P>TY AS WELL AS ,>BEIT]-,UNION1 EA* 9 ITS [N 
SPH]E1 & ) EV]Y POSSIBLE MUTUAL SUPPORT1 MU/ DO ALL !Y CAN TO 
PREP>E ! CLASS4 ,= ! TIME BE+1 ,P>TY & ,UNION >E SEP>ATE AS 
YET4 ,=1 LIKE ALL ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 ! ,UNION ALSO HAS TO FI<T = SMALL 
IMPROVEM5TS1 & IS !RE=E CON/ANTLY EXPOS$ TO OPPORTUNI/ & 
RE=MI/ 9FLU5CES4 ,ONLY A TRULY COMMUNI/ P>TY CAN SUBORD9ATE 
EV]Y?+ TO ! REVOLUTION4 

,FROM ! NECESSITY ( ?IS DEVELOPM5T 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE 7:I* HAS 
SPRUNG UP ?R\< ! P[] ( BANK+ CAPITAL71 IT IS ALSO CLE>LY 
EVID5T ?AT ?OSE :O ALREADY N[ 9 ! BEG9N+ & C\RSE ( ! 
REVOLUTION WI% TO PLACE ! ,>BEIT]-,UNION1 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION1 ! 
9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION1 ABOVE ! ,P>TY1 OR :O EV5 WI% TO ABOLI% 
! LATT]1 >E WRONG4 

,GRADUALLY1 AS ! ,P>TY GR[S /RONG]1 AS ! ,UNION GR[S1 AS ! 
CLASS BECOMES MORE & MORE COMMUNI/1 AS ! REVOLUTION APPROA*ES ITS 
GOAL1 CLASS1 P>TY & ,>BEIT]-,UNION OR ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION CLOSELY 
APPROA* ONE ANO!R4 ,9 ! 5D ! ,P>TY1 ! ,UNION & ! CLASS >E 
ALL EQUIVAL5T1 & >E BL5D$ 9TO ONE :OLE4 

,F9ALLY1 ( C\RSE1 ! P[] & ! UNITY ( ALL B\RGEOIS CLASSES1 
& ! NECESS>Y UNITY ( ! 5TIRE PROLET>IAT1 MAKE /RONG 
C5TRALIZATION & /RICT DISCIPL9E1 9 ! ,P>TY AS WELL AS 9 ! 
,UNION1 ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y4 

,IT IS ! TASK ( ! ,G]MAN & ,5GLI%1 ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN & 
,AM]ICAN PROLET>IAT TO COMB9E C5TRALIZATION & DISCIPL9E ) ! 
/RICTE/ CONTROL (1 ) P[] OV]1 ! LEAD]%IP4 

,= ONLY ?US CAN ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN & ,AM]ICAN PROLET>IAT CONQU]1 
?R\< ! BL5D+ ( C5TRALIZATION 9 ! LEAD]%IP1 & ! 
CONTROL ( ! MEMB]%IP4 

,IT NE$ H>DLY BE EXPLA9$ H]E ?AT ALSO AFT] ! REVOLUTION ! 
DICTATOR%IP ( ! 5TIRE CLASS1 & ! COMMUNI/ SPIRIT ( ! :OLE 
PROLET>IAT 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA >E ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y4 ,= 
H]E ! C\NT]REVOLUTION IS SO P[]FUL1 ?AT IF !SE TWO CONDITIONS 
W]E NOT FULFILL$ - IF1 = 9/ANCE1 A NEW CLASS ( RUL]S 
SPRUNG UP1 \T ( ! 9TELLECTUALS & ! BUREAUCRACY - ! 
REVOLUTION W\LD SOON P]I%4 ,N[ ALREADY ! TACTICS MU/ BE ON ! 
LOOK\T TO PREV5T ?IS4 

,H[ DIFF]5T FROM ,RUSSIA ALL ?IS IS6 

,H[ DIFF]5T FROM ,RUSSIA :]E1 AS A RESULT ( ! ECONOMIC 
CONDITIONS1 AS A RESULT ( CLASS RELATIONS - & RI<TLY1 
!RE=E - A H&FUL ( PEOPLE RULE ! ,P>TY1 :]E AN 
9F9ITESIMALLY SMALL P>TY RULES ! CLASS1 & A M9UTELY SMALL CLASS 
! 5TIRE NATION2 :]E NO ,>BEIT]-,UNION IS NE$$1 :]E ! CLASS1 
& ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ! REMA9+ WORK+ MASSES1 ! SMALL 
PEASANTS1 W]E ONE ) ! REVOLUTION6 

,:OEV] FAILS TO UND]/& FROM ! PRODUCTIVE & CLASS RELATIONS 
( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE :AT ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! LEAD]S1 ! P>TY1 ! 
CLASS & ! MASSES >E1 DOES NOT UND]/& A ?+ ( ! REVOLUTION 
9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 NOR ( ITS NECESS>Y /IPULATIONS4 ,:OEV] WI%ES TO 
CONDUCT ! WE/-,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION ACCORD+ TO ! TACTICS & BY ! 
ROAD ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 IS NOT QUALIFI$ TO LEAD IT4 

,! ,LEFT ,W+ ,TACTICS4 

,FROM !SE ,WE/-,EUROPEAN1 & TO SOME EXT5T ALSO FROM ! ,AM]ICAN 
& ,ANGLO-,COLONIAL RELATIONS1 IT IS !RE=E P]FECTLY OBVI\S ?AT 
!RE IS ONLY ONE K9D ( TACTICS ?AT 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE 7& ,NOR? 
,AM]ICA7 CAN LEAD TO VICTORY1 & !SE >E ! TACTICS ( ! ,LEFT 
,W+1 9 ! NAME ( :I* ,I SPEAK4 ,= !SE CLAIM ?AT ! LEAD]S 
%ALL HAVE RELATIVELY LITTLE P[] 9 RELATION TO ! CLASS1 & ! 
CLASS %ALL HAVE RELATIVELY F> GREAT] P[]4 ,!Y SAY ?AT = ! 
TIME BE+ ! CLASS & ! RE/ ( ! MASSES CANNOT BE ONE4 ,!Y 
CLAIM ?AT ! 5TIRE CLASS %ALL BECOME TRULY COMMUNI/1 ?R\< TRULY 
COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A1 ?AT !RE=E P>TY & CLASS %ALL BECOME ONE4 
,!SE1 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 ?AT 5D1 WI% TO DE/ROY ! B\RGEOIS ,TRADE 
,UNIONS1 & REPLACE !M BY COMMUNI/ 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATIONS1 ?US 
MAK+ ?OSE ORGANIZATIONS1 SUB/ITUTES = ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 ! 
GREATE/ ( CLASS ORGANIZATIONS 79 ,G]MANY !Y NUMB] T5 MILLION 
PROLET>IANS ALREADY71 EQUAL TO ! CLASS4 ,!Y >E AGA9/ 
P>LIAM5T>ISM1 ?US MAK+ EV]Y WORK]1 & CONSEQU5TLY ! 5TIRE 
PROLET>IAT1 9DEP5D5TLY REVOLUTION>Y1 :I* IS TO SAY COMMUNI/4 

,!Y1 ! ,LEFT P>TY1 ACT 9 P]FECT ACCORDANCE !RE=E ) CLASS 
RELATIONS AS !Y REALLY >E 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 & >E 5TIRELY 9 ! 
RI<T AGA9/ ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE1 ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,?IRD 
,9T]NATIONAL1 & Y\1 ,COMRADE ,L594 

,ONLY QUITE REC5TLY Y\ SAID TO A ,BRITI% DELEGATION ?AT 9 ,5GL& 
A QUITE SMALL ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY W\LD BE ABLE TO ACCOMPLI% ! 
REVOLUTION4 ,H]E1 AGA91 Y\ SPEAK AS A ,RUSSIAN1 & JUDGE ?+S BE ! 
,RUSSIAN EXAMPLE4 ,& IT IS ON SU* MI/AK5 NOTIONS ?AT ! TACTICS ( 
! ,EXECUTIVE & ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL >E BAS$64.<#b#g.> 

,?OSE H[EV] :O ?9K1 & SAY1 & PROPAGATE !SE VIEWS1 DO NOT 
UND]/& CLASS RELATIONS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4.<#b#h.> 

,TO !SE OBS]VATIONS ,I NE$ ONLY ADD ?AT :]E ,I SPEAK ( ! UNITY 
( P>TY & CLASS1 ?AT IS ATTA9$ AT LA/1 & ( ! POSSIBILITY ( 
! 5TIRE PROLET>IAT 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA BECOM+ COMMUNI/1 
,I MEAN UNITY AS BIG AS POSSIBLE1 & A L>GE P>T ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,I 
REPRES5T TOTAL UNITY & ! 5TIRE PROLET>IAT AS ! ,IDEAL1 AS ! 
GOAL T[>DS :I* WE MU/ T5D1 AS ! AIM ( \R TACTICS4 ,9 ALL 
PROBABILITY IT WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE & UNNECESS>Y TO COMPLETELY A*IEVE 
IT4 ,BUT ! UNITY ( P>TY & CLASS1 & ! PORTION ( ! PROLET>IAT 
?AT HAS TO BECOME COMMUNI/1 >E SO IMMEASURABLY GREAT] H]E ?AN 9 
,RUSSIA1 ?AT ?IS IDEAL 9 ! TACTICS MU/ BE BR\<T TO ! 
=E4.<#b#i.> 

,L59'S ,?IRD ,>GUM5T4 

,NEXT ,I COME TO Y\R ?IRD >GUM5T3 ! ,RUSSIAN EXAMPLES4 ,Y\ M5TION 
!M REPEAT$LY 7ON PP4 #f-#i !Y OCCUR SEV]AL TIMES74 ,I HAVE READ !M 
) ! GREATE/ ATT5TION1 &1 AS ,I ADMIR$ !M BE=E1 ,I DO N[4 ,I 
HAVE BE5 ON Y\R SIDE EV] S9CE #a#i#c4 ,ALSO :5 ,I DID NOT KN[ Y\R 
MOTIVES AS YET - ! CONNECTIONS BE+ CUT (F - AS AT ! 
TIME ( ! ,BRE/-,LITOVSK PEACE1 ,I DEF5D$ Y\ ) Y\R [N MOTIVES4 
,Y\R TACTICS W]E C]TA9LY BRILLIANT = ,RUSSIA1 & IT IS [+ TO 
!SE TACTICS ?AT ! ,RUSSIANS HAVE TRIUMPH$4 ,BUT :AT DOES ?IS PROVE 
= ,WE/]N ,EUROPE8 ,NO?+1 ACCORD+ TO MY IDEA1 OR V]Y LITTLE4 ,! 
,SOVIETS1 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ! ME?ODS = ! 
REVOLUTION & = RECON/RUCTION1 ALL ?IS WE ACCEPT4 ,ALSO Y\R 
9T]NATIONAL TACTICS HAVE BE5 - SO F> AT LEA/ - 
EXEMPL>Y4 ,BUT = Y\R TACTICS = ! C\NTRIES ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE IT 
IS DIFF]5T4 ,& ?IS IS ONLY NATURAL4 

,H[ C\LD ! TACTICS 9 ! ,EA/ & ,WE/ ( ,EUROPE POSSIBLY BE ! 
SAME8 ,RUSSIA1 A *IEFLY AGRICULTURAL C\NTRY1 BUT ) AN 9DU/RIAL 
CAPITALISM ?AT WAS ONLY P>TIALLY HI<LY DEVELOP$1 & V]Y SMALL 
COMP>$ TO ! L&4 ,&1 MOREOV]1 F$ TO A L>GE EXT5T BY =EIGN 
CAPITAL6 ,9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 & ESPECIALLY 9 ,5GL& & ,G]MANY1 IT IS 
JU/ ! OPPOSITE4 ,) Y\3 /ILL ALL ! OLD-FA%ION$ =MS ( 
CAPITAL1 FROM USURY CAPITAL UPW>DS4 ,) US3 ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY A 
HI<LY DEVELOP$ BANK+ CAPITAL4 

,) Y\3 IMM5SE REMA9S ( FEUDAL & PRE-FEUDAL TIMES1 & EV5 
FROM ! TIME ( ! TRIBE1 ( B>B>ISM4 ,) US1 & ESPECIALLY 9 
,5GL& & ,G]MANY3 ALL ?+S1 AGRICULTURE1 COMM]CE1 TRANSPORT1 
9DU/RY1 UND] ! DOM9ATION ( ! MO/ DEVELOP$ CAPITALISM4 ,) 
Y\3 IMM5SE REMA9S ( S]FDOM1 ! POOR PEASANTS1 & 9 ! C\NTRY A 
DECL9+ MIDDLE CLASS4 ,) US3 EV5 ! POOR PEASANTS 9 CONNECTION 
) MOD]N PRODUCTION1 TRANSPORT1 TE*NIQUE & EX*ANGE4 ,& 9 ! 
CITY AS WELL AS 9 ! C\NTRY ! MIDDLE CLASS1 9CLUD+ ! L[] 
LAY]S1 9 DIRECT CONTACT ) ! BIG CAPITALI/S4 

,Y\ /ILL HAVE CLASSES ) :I* ! RIS+ PROLET>IAT CAN UNITE4 
,! V]Y EXI/5CE ( !SE CLASSES HELPS4 ,! SAME APPLIES ( C\RSE TO 
! POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,& ) US1 NO?+ ( ALL ?IS4 

,( C\RSE1 COMPROMIS+ 9 ALL DIRECTIONS1 AS Y\ SO CAPTIVAT+LY 
DESCRIBE IT1 EV5 MAK+ USE ( ! RIFTS BETWE5 ! ,LIB]ALS & ! 
L&[N]S1 WAS ALRI<T = Y\4 ,) US IT IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,CONSEQU5TLY 
! DIFF]5CE 9 TACTICS BETWE5 ! ,EA/ & ! ,WE/4 ,\R TACTICS FIT 
\R CONDITIONS4 ,!Y >E JU/ AS GOOD AS Y\RS W]E UND] ,RUSSIAN 
CONDITIONS4 

,I F9D Y\R ,RUSSIAN EXAMPLES ESPECIALLY ON PAGES #a#b1 #a#c1 #b#f1 #b#g1 #c#g1 
#d1 #ea & #e#b4 ,BUT NO MATT] :AT !SE EXAMPLES MAY MEAN = ! 
,RUSSIAN TRADE UNION QUE/ION 7P #b#g71 = ,WE/]N ,EUROPE !Y MEAN 
NO?+ AT ALL1 AS H]E ! PROLET>IAT NE$S F> /RONG] WEAPONS4 ,AS 
F> AS P>LIAM5T>ISM IS CONC]N$1 Y\R EXAMPLES HAVE BE5 TAK5 FROM 
A P]IOD :5 ! REVOLUTION HAD NOT BROK5 \T 7PP4 #a#f1 #b#f1 #da & #ea 
= 9/ANCE71 & !SE1 !RE=E1 EI!R DO NOT APPLY TO ! PO9T 9 
QUE/ION1 OR1 9 SO F> AS Y\ C\LD USE ! P>TIES ( ! POOR 
PEASANTS & PETTY-B\RGEOISIE1 !Y >E SO DIFF]5T FROM CONDITIONS 
H]E 7PP4 #a#b1 #c#g1 #d1 #da & #e#a71 AS TO MEAN NO?+ TO US4.<#c.> 

,IT SEEMS TO ME1 ,COMRADE1 ?AT Y\R UTT]LY WRONG JUDGM5T1 ! 
UTT]LY MI/AK5 CONCEPTION ( Y\R BOOK1 & NO LESS ! TACTICS ( ! 
,EXECUTIVE 9 ,MOSC[1 >E TO BE ATTRIBUT$ EXCLUSIVELY TO ! FACT ?AT 
Y\ DO NOT KN[ 5\< AB\T RELATIONS OV] H]E1 OR RA!R ?AT Y\ 
FAIL TO DRAW ! RI<T CONCLUSIONS FROM :AT Y\ KN[1 ?AT Y\ JUDGE 
?+S TOO MU* FROM ! ,RUSSIAN PO9T ( VIEW4 

,?IS MEANS1 H[EV] - & IT %\LD BE EMPHASIZ$ H]E ONCE 
AGA91 AS ! FATE ( ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT1 ! WORLD 
PROLET>IAT1 ! WORLD REVOLUTION DEP5DS ON ?IS - ?AT NEI!R 
Y\1 NOR ! ,MOSC[ ,EXECUTIVE >E ABLE TO DIRECT ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN & 
CONSEQU5TLY ! ,WORLD ,REVOLUTION1 AS LONG AS Y\ ADH]E TO !SE 
TACTICS4 

,Y\ ASK3 IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT Y\1 :O WI% TO RE=M ! WORLD1 
CANNOT EV5 =M A FRACTION 9 P>LIAM5T8 

,LABOR ,MOVEM5T 9 ,FALSE ,GROOVES4 

,WE ANSW]3 ?IS BOOK ( Y\RS IS A PRO( 9 ITSELF ?AT :OEV] TRIES 
TO DO ! LATT] IS B\ND TO LEAD ! ,LABOR MOVEM5T 9TO FALSE 
GROOVES1 9TO RU94 

,! BOOK DELUDES ! WORK]S ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE BY MEANS ( ILLUSIONS1 
( ! IMPOSSIBLE2 COMPROMISE ) ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES 9 ! 
REVOLUTION4 

,IT MAKES !M BELIEVE 9 SOME?+ ?AT DOES NOT EXI/3 ! 
POSSIBILITY ( ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES BE+ DIVID$ 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 9 
! REVOLUTION4 ,IT MAKES !M BELIEVE ?AT H]E A COMPROMISE ) ! 
SOCIAL PATRIOTS & ! WAV]+ ELEM5TS 9 P>LIAM5T CAN LEAD TO ANY 
GOOD1 :]EAS IT BR+S H>DLY ANY?+ BUT CALAMITY4 

,Y\R BOOK LEADS ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT BACK 9TO ! MORASS1 
FROM :I* AT ! CO/ ( ! GREATE/ EF=TS IT HAS NOT YET ESCAP$1 
BUT IS BEG9N+ TO ESCAPE4 

,IT LEADS US BACK 9TO ! MORASS1 9 :I* M5 LIKE ,S*EIDEMANN1 
,CLYNES1 ,R5AUDEL1 ,KAUTSKY1 ,MAC,DONALD1 ,LONGUET1 ,V&]VELDE1 ,BRANT+ & 
,TROEL/RA HAVE L&$ US4 7,IT MU/ 9EVITABLY FILL ALL !SE ) GREAT 
JOY1 & B\RGEOIS P>TIES LIKEWISE1 IF !Y UND]/& IT74 ,?IS BOOK 
IS TO ! COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT :AT ,B]N/E9'S 
BOOK HAS BE5 = ! PRE-REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT4 ,IT IS ! FIR/ 
BOOK ( Y\RS ?AT IS NO GOOD4 ,= ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 IT IS ! WOR/ BOOK 
IMAG9ABLE4 

,WE1 COMRADES ( ! ,LEFT ,W+1 MU/ /& CLOSE TOGE!R1 MU/ />T 
EV]Y?+ FROM BEL[ UPW>D1 & MU/ CRITICIZE AS KE5LY AS POSSIBLE 
ALL ?OSE ?AT 9 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL DO NOT GO ! RI<T 
WAY4.<#c#a.> 

,?US ! CONCLUSION TO BE DRAWN FROM ALL !SE >GUM5TS AB\T 
P>LIAM5T>ISM1 IS AS FOLL[S3 Y\R ?REE >GUM5TS = P>LIAM5T>ISM 
EI!R MEAN V]Y LITTLE1 OR >E WRONG4 ,&1 AS 9 ! ,TRADE ,UNION 
QUE/ION1 Y\R TACTICS ALSO ON ?IS PO9T >E DISA/R\S = ! 
PROLET>IAT4 ,& ) !SE MI/AK5 OR 9SIGNIFICANT MOTIVES Y\ HIDE 
! FACT ?AT Y\ >E BR++ HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( OPPORTUNI/S 
9TO ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,I,V4 ,OPPORTUNISM 9 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL 

,! QUE/ION ( OPPORTUNISM 9 \R [N RANKS IS ( SU* IMM5SE 
WEI<T ?AT ,I MU/ DEAL ) IT MORE AT L5G?4 

,COMRADE6 ,) ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 
OPPORTUNISM HAS NOT DI$ 9 \R RANKS EI!R4 ,WE SEE IT 9 ALL ,COMMUNI/ 
P>TIES 9 ALL C\NTRIES4 ,ALSO IT W\LD BE TRULY MIRACUL\S & AGA9/ 
ALL ! LAWS ( DEVELOPM5T IF ?AT :I* KILL$ ! ,SECOND 
,9T]NATIONAL DID NOT LIVE 9 ! ,?IRD4 

,ON ! CONTR>Y1 JU/ AS ! FI<T BETWE5 AN>*ISM & SOCIAL 
DEMOCRACY WAS F\<T 9 ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL1 ?AT BETWE5 
OPPORTUNISM & REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM WILL BE F\<T 9 ! ,?IRD4 

,?IS TIME AGA9 ,COMMUNI/S WILL GO 9TO P>LIAM5T TO BECOME LEAD]S4 
,TRADE ,UNIONS & ,LABOR P>TIES WILL BE SUPPORT$ = ! SAKE ( VOTES 
9 ! ELECTIONS4 ,9/EAD ( P>TIES BE+ F\ND$ = ,COMMUNISM1 
,COMMUNISM WILL BE US$ TO F\ND P>TIES4 ,BUT P>LIAM5T>Y COMPROMISES 
) SOCIAL PATRIOTS & B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS WILL ONCE MORE COME 9TO 
USE1 AS AFT] ALL ! REVOLUTION 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE IS GO+ TO BE A SL[ 
PROCESS4 ,FRE$OM ( SPEE* WILL BE SUPPRESS$1 & ALL GOOD ,COMMUNI/S 
EXPELL$4 ,9 A WORD1 ALL ! PRACTICE ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL WILL 
COME TO LIFE AGA94 

,! ,LEFT ,W+ MU/ OPPOSE ?IS2 IT HAS TO BE !RE1 TO WAGE ?IS 
FI<T1 AS IT WAS !RE 9 ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,H]E9 ! ,LEFT ,W+ 
MU/ BE SUPPORT$ BY ALL ,M>XI/S & REVOLUTION>IES1 EV5 IF !Y >E 
( ! OP9ION ?AT ! ,LEFT ,W+ IS MI/AK5 9 DETAIL - = 
OPPORTUNISM IS \R GREATE/ 5EMY4 ,NOT ONLY1 AS Y\ SAY 7P4 #a#c7 \TSIDE1 
BUT ALSO )9 \R RANKS4 

,IT W\LD BE A ?\S& TIMES WORSE1 ?AT OPPORTUNISM1 ) ITS 
DEVA/AT+ EFFECT ON ! S\L & ! /R5G? ( ! PROLET>IAT1 
%\LD AGA9 SLIP 91 ?AN ?AT ! ,LEFT ,W+ %\LD BE TOO RADICAL4 ,! 
,LEFT ,W+1 EV5 ?\< AT TIMES IT GOES TOO F>1 ALWAYS REMA9S 
REVOLUTION>Y4 ,! ,LEFT ,W+ WILL ALT] ITS TACTICS AS SOON AS !Y >E 
NOT RI<T4 ,! OPPORTUNI/ ,RI<T WILL GR[ EV] MORE OPPORTUNI/1 WILL 
S9K EV] FUR!R 9TO ! MORASS1 WILL CORRUPT ! WORK]S TO AN EV] 
GREAT] EXT5T4 ,NOT 9 VA9 HAVE WE LE>N$ FROM TW5TY-FIVE YE>S ( 
/RUGGLE4 

,OPPORTUNISM IS ! PLAGUE ( ! ,LABOR MOVEM5T1 ! DEA? ( ! 
REVOLUTION4 ,OPPORTUNISM HAS BR\<T AB\T ALL EVILS2 RE=MISM1 ! W>1 
! DEFEAT & ! DEA? ( ! REVOLUTION 9 ,HUNG>Y & ,G]MANY4 
,OPPORTUNISM IS ! CAUSE ( DISA/]4 ,& IT EXI/S 9 ! ,?IRD 
,9T]NATIONAL4 

,:AT DO ,I NE$ SO MANY WORDS =8 ,LOOK >\ND Y\1 ,COMRADE4 ,LOOK 9TO 
Y\RSELF1 & 9TO ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE6 ,LOOK 9TO ALL C\NTRIES ( 
,EUROPE4 

,FEEBLE ,CRITICISM4 

,READ ! PAP]S ( ! ,BRITI% ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 N[ ! ,COMMUNI/ 
,P>TY4 ,READ T51 TW5TY NUMB]S ( ?IS PAP]2 READ ! FEEBLE CRITICISM 
AGA9/ ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 ! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 ! ,MEMB]S ( ,P>LIAM5T1 
& COMP>E ?IS TO ! PAP] ( ! ,LEFT ,W+4 ,A COMP>ISON BETWE5 
!SE TWO WILL %[ Y\ ?AT OPPORTUNISM IS APPROA*+ ! ,?IRD 
,9T]NATIONAL1 9 IMM5SE MASSES4 ,ONCE MORE 7?R\< SUPPORT ( ! 
C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S7 TO OBTA9 P[] 9 ,P>LIAM5T4 ,A P[] 
AFT] ! PATT]N ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,REMEMB] TOO ?AT SOON 
! ,U,S,P WILL 5T] ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 & NUM]\S O!R ,C5T] 
P>TIES BESIDES6 ,DO Y\ NOT BELIEVE ?AT IF Y\ COMPEL !SE P>TIES TO 
EXPEL ,KAUTSKY ?AT A SW>M ( T5S ( ?\S&S ( O!R OPPORTUNI/S 
WILL COME8 ,! 5TIRE MEASURE ( ?IS EXPULSION IS *ILDI%4 ,AN 
9NUM]ABLE /REAM ( OPPORTUNI/S IS APPROA*+.<#c#b.> - ESPECIALLY S9CE 
Y\R BRO*URE4 

,LOOK AT ! ,DUT* ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ONCE CALL$ ! ,BOL%EVI/S ( 
,EUROPE4 ,& RI<TLY SO1 TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ! CONDITIONS4 ,READ ! 
BRO*URE AB\T ! ,DUT* ,P>TY1 H[ UTT]LY ALREADY IT HAS BE5 
CORRUPT$ BY ! OPPORTUNISM ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,DUR+ ! 
W>1 & AFT] IT1 & EV5 TO ?IS DAY1 IT HAS PL$G$ ITSELF TO ! 
,5T5TE4 ,?IS ONCE BRILLIANT P>TY HAS BECOME AN EXAMPLE ( EQUIVOCALITY 
& DECEIT4 

,BUT LOOK AT ,G]MANY1 ,COMRADE1 ! L& :]E ! REVOLUTION HAS 
/>T$4 ,!RE OPPORTUNISM LIVES & ?RIVES4 ,WE W]E UTT]LY AMAZ$ TO 
HE> ?AT Y\ DEF5D$ ! ATTITUDE ( ! ,K,P,D DUR+ ! ,M>* DAYS4 
,BUT =TUNATELY WE LE>N$ FROM Y\R BRO*URE ?AT Y\ DID NOT KN[ ! 
ACTUAL C\RSE ( DEVELOPM5T4 ,Y\ SANCTION$ ! ATTITUDE ( ! 
,K,P,D-,Z5TRALE1 ?AT (F]$ LOYAL OPPOSITION TO ,EB]T1 ,S*EIDEMANN1 
,HILF]D+ & ,CRISPI51 BUT Y\ EVID5TLY DID NOT KN[1 AT ! TIME ( 
WRIT+ ! BRO*URE1 ?AT ?IS HAPP5$ AT ! SAME MOM5T ,EB]T 
ORGANIZ$ TROOPS AGA9/ ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT1 :OSE G5]AL /RIKE 
WAS /ILL SPREAD ALL OV] ,G]MANY1 & 9 :I* ! GREAT MAJORITY ( 
! ,COMMUNI/ MASS /ROVE TO BR+ ! REVOLUTION1 IF NOT TO VICTORY 
7P]HAPS ?IS WAS H>DLY POSSIBLE AS YET71 AT ANY RATE TO A HI<] 
/R5G?4 ,:IL/ ! MASS BY MEANS ( /RIKES & >M$ REVOLT1 
CONDUCT$ ! REVOLUTION 9TO A FUR!R /AGE 7!RE HAS NEV] BE5 
ANY?+ MORE HOPEFUL OR GIGANTIC ?AN ! REVOLT 9 ! ,RUHR REGION1 
& ! G5]AL /RIKE71 ! LEAD]S (F]$ P>LIAM5T>Y COMPROMISES4 
,9 SO DO+ !Y SUPPORT$ ,EB]T AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION 9 ! ,RUHR 
REGION4.<#c#c.> ,IF EV] 
AN EXAMPLE PROV$ H[ DAMNABLE ! USE ( P>LIAM5T>ISM IS 9 ! 
REVOLUTION1 ?IS IS IT4 ,Y\ SEE1 ,COMRADE1 ?AT IS P>LIAM5T>Y 
OPPORTUNISM1 ?AT IS COMPROMISE ) ! SOCIAL PATRIOTS & ! 
,9DEP5D5TS1 :I* WE REFUSE TO ACCEPT1 & :I* Y\ TRY TO 
FUR!R4 

,&1 ,COMRADE1 :AT HAS ALREADY BECOME ( ! 9DU/RIAL C\NCILS 9 
,G]MANY8 ,Y\ & ! ,EXECUTIVE ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL HAD ADVIS$ 
! ,COMMUNI/S TO UNITE ) ALL ! O!R TR5DS1 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 
! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 ,& :AT HAS HAPP5$8 ,! OPPOSITE4 
,! 9DU/RIAL ,Z5TRALE HAS WELL-NI< DEVELOP$ 9TO AN 9/RUM5T ( 
! ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 ,! ,TRADE ,UNIONS >E AN OCTOPUS1 /RANGL+ EV]Y?+ 
LIV+ ?AT COMES )9 ITS REA*4 

,COMRADE1 IF Y\ READ & 9VE/IGATE EV]Y?+ ?AT IS BE+ DONE 9 
,G]MANY1 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,I HAVE FULL CONFID5CE ?AT Y\ WILL COME 
OV] TO \R SIDE4 ,JU/ AS ,I BELIEVE ?AT Y\R EXP]I5CES 9 ! ,?IRD 
,9T]NATIONAL WILL CONV]T Y\ TO \R TACTICS4 

,H[EV]1 IF OPPORTUNISM PROCE$S ?US 9 ,G]MANY1 H[ WILL IT BE 9 
,FRANCE & ,5GL&6 

,Y\ SEE1 ,COMRADE1 !SE >E ! LEAD]S WE DO NOT WANT4 ,?AT IS ! 
UNITY ( MASS & LEAD] ?AT WE DO NOT WANT4 ,& ?AT IS ! IRON 
DISCIPL9E1 ! MILIT>Y OB$I5CE1 SUBMISSION & S]VILITY ?AT WE DO 
NOT WANT4 

,P]MIT US TO ADD H]E ONE WORD TO ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE1 & 
ESPECIALLY TO ,RADEK3 ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE HAS HAD ! 9SOL5CE TO 
DEM& ( ! ,K,A,P,D ?AT !Y %\LD EXPEL ,WOLFFHEIM & ,LAUF5B]G1 
9/EAD ( LEAV+ !M TO SETTLE ?IS = !MSELVES4 ,IT HAS ?REAT5$ 
! ,K,A,P,D1 & HAS P&]$ TO ! C5TRAL P>TIES1 SU* AS ! ,U,S,P4 ,BUT 
IT DID NOT DEM& ( ! ,ITALIAN ,P>TY ?AT IT %\LD EXPEL ! ,Z5TRALE 
:I*1 ?R\< ITS (F]1 WAS P>TLY RESPONSIBLE = ! MURD] ( 
,COMMUNI/S 9 ! ,RUHR REGION4 ,IT DID NOT DEM& ( ! ,DUT* ,P>TY ?AT 
IT %\LD EXPEL ,WIJNKOOP & ,VAN ,RAVE/EYN1 :O DUR+ ! W>1 (F]$ 
,DUT* %IPS TO ! ,5T5TE4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN TO SAY ?AT ,I MYSELF WI% 
?OSE COMRADES TO BE EXPELL$4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ,I HOLD !M TO BE GOOD 
COMRADES1 :O HAVE GONE WRONG ONLY BECAUSE ! DEVELOPM5T1 ! 
BEG9N+ ( ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION1 IS SO T]RIBLY DIFFICULT4 ,WE1 
ALL ( US OV] H]E1 /ILL MAKE MANY BIG MI/AKES4 ,MOREOV]1 EXPULSION 
AT PRES5T1 FROM ?IS ,9T]NATIONAL1 W\LD BE ( NO AVAIL4 

,I ONLY PO9T ?IS \T TO DEMON/RATE BY ANO!R EXAMPLE H[ FI]CELY 
OPPORTUNISM IS RAG+ ALREADY 9 \R [N RANKS4 ,= ! ,MOSC[ ,C5TRAL 
,COMMITTEE HAS COMMITT$ ?IS 9JU/ICE AGA9/ ! ,K,A,P,D ONLY1 BECAUSE 
= ITS OPPORTUNI/ WORLD TACTICS IT DID NOT WANT ! REALLY 
REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS1 BUT ! OPPORTUNI/ ,9DEP5D5TS1 ETC44 ,IT HAS 
DELIB]ATELY US$ ! TACTICS ( ,WOLFFHEIM & ,LAUF5B]G AGA9/ ! 
,K,A,P,D = ! MO/ MIS]ABLY OPPORTUNI/ ( REASONS1 AL?\< IT KNEW 
?AT ! ,K,A,P,D DID ,N,O,T AGREE ) ?OSE TACTICS4 ,BECAUSE IT WANTS TO HAVE 
MASSES >\ND IT1 LIKE ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS & ! POLITICAL P>TIES1 NO 
MATT] :E!R ?OSE MASSES >E COMMUNI/ OR NOT4 

,TWO O!R ACTIONS ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL PROVE CLE>LY :]E IT 
IS DRIFT+4 ,! FIR/ IS ! EXPULSION ( ! ,AM/]DAM ,BUREAU1 ! 
,O,N,L,Y GR\P ( REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XI/S & !ORETICIANS 9 ,WE/]N 
,EUROPE1 ?AT HAS NEV] WAV]$4 ,! SECOND SECTION1 :I* IS ALMO/ MORE 
S]I\S1 IS ! TREATM5T ( ! ,K,A,P,D1 ! ,O,N,L,Y P>TY 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE 
:I*1 AS AN ORGANIZATION1 AS A :OLE1 FROM ITS V]Y ORIG9 ONW>DS1 HAS 
CONDUCT$ ! REVOLUTION AS IT %\LD BE CONDUCT$4 ,:IL/ ! ,C5T] 
P>TIES1 ! ,9DEP5D5TS1 ! ,FR5* & ,5GLI% ,C5T]1 :O ALWAYS 
BETRAY$ ! REVOLUTION1 W]E ALLUR$ BY ALL POSSIBLE MEANS1 ! ,K,A,P,D1 
! REAL REVOLUTION>IES1 W]E TREAT$ AS 5EMIES4 ,!SE >E BAD SIGNS1 
,COMRADE4 

,9 A WORD3 ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL IS /ILL ALIVE1 OR ALIVE AGA91 
9 \R MID/4 ,& OPPORTUNISM LEADS TO RU94 ,& BECAUSE ?IS IS SO1 & 
BECAUSE OPPORTUNISM IS V]Y /RONG AMONG US1 F> /RONG] ?AN ,I C\LD 
EV] HAVE IMAG9$1 ! ,LEFT ,W+ HAS TO BE !RE4 ,EV5 IF !RE %\LD 
BE NO O!R GOOD REASONS = ITS EXI/5CE1 IT W\LD HAVE TO BE !RE AS 
AN OPPOSITION1 TO C\NT]BALANCE OPPORTUNISM4 

,ALAS1 ,COMRADE1 IF ONLY Y\ HAD FOLL[$ ! TACTICS ( ! ,LEFT ,W+ 
9 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL2 ?OSE TACTICS1 ?AT >E NO?+ BUT ! 
0PURE0 TACTICS ( ! ,BOL%EVI/S 9 ,RUSSIA1 ADAPT$ TO 
,WE/-,EUROPEAN 7& ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN7 CONDITIONS6 

,IF ONLY1 AS /IPULATIONS & /ATUTES = ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 
Y\ HAD PROPOS$ & C>RI$ ?R\< ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION 9 9DU/RIAL 
ORGANIZATIONS & WORK]S' UNIONS 79TO :I*1 IF NE$ BE1 
9DU/RIAL UNIONS ON A %OP FLOOR BASIS MI<T HAVE BE5 9TRODUC$71 & 
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION 9 P>TIES :I* REJECT P>LIAM5T>ISM6 

,!N Y\ W\LD 9 ! FIR/ PLACE HAVE HAD1 9 ALL C\NTRIES1 
ABSOLUTELY FIRM K]NELS1 P>TIES ?AT C\LD REALLY C>RY \T ! 
REVOLUTION1 P>TIES ?AT W\LD GRADUALLY HAVE GA!R$ ! MASSES >\ND 
!M1 ?R\< !IR [N EXAMPLE1 9 !IR [N C\NTRY1 & NOT ?R\< 
PRESSURE FROM \TSIDE4 ,!N Y\ W\LD HAVE HAD ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS 
?AT W\LD HAVE ANNIHILAT$ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ,TRADE ,UNIONS 
7SYNDICALI/ AS WELL AS FREE74 ,& !N ) ,O,N,E /ROKE Y\ W\LD HAVE 
CUT (F ! WAY = ALL OPPORTUNI/S4 ,= !SE CAN ?RIVE ONLY :]E 
!RE IS PLOTT+ ) ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 

,!N1 LIKEWISE - & ?IS IS BY F> ! MO/ IMPORTANT PO9T 
- Y\ W\LD HAVE $UCAT$ ! WORK]S 9TO 9DEP5D5T FI<T]S TO 
A V]Y HI< DEGREE1 AS F> AS IT IS POSSIBLE 9 ! PRES5T /AGE4 

,IF Y\1 ,L591 & Y\1 ,BUKH>9 & ,RADEK1 HAD DONE ?IS1 HAD *OS5 
!SE TACTICS1 ) Y\R AU?ORITY & EXP]I5CE1 Y\R /R5G? & 
G5IUS1 & IF Y\ HAD HELP$ US TO ]ADICATE ! FAULTS ?AT CL+ TO 
US AS YET1 & TO \R TACTICS1 !N WE W\LD HAVE A*IEV$ A ,?IRD 
,9T]NATIONAL ?AT WAS P]FECTLY FIRM 9T]NALLY1 & UN%AKABLE 
EXT]NALLY1 AN ,9T]NATIONAL :I* W\LD GRADUALLY HAVE GA!R$ ! 
5TIRE PROLET>IAT >\ND IT1 ?R\< ! =CE ( ITS EXAMPLE1 & 
:I* W\LD HAVE BUILT ,COMMUNISM4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT !RE >E NO TACTICS )\T DEFEAT4 ,BUT !SE W\LD 
HAVE SUFF]$ LEA/ DEFEAT1 & W\LD MO/ EASILY HAVE RECOV]$ FROM 
IT2 !Y W\LD HAVE GONE ! QUICKE/ WAY1 & W\LD HAVE WON ! 
QUICKE/ & SURE/ VICTORY4 ,Y\RS LEAD TO REPEAT$ DEFEAT = ! 
PROLET>IAT4 

,H[EV]1 Y\ HAVE REJECT$ ?IS BECAUSE1 9/EAD ( CONSCI\S1 
/EADFA/ FI<T]S1 Y\ WANT$ P>TLY OR TOTALLY UNCONSCI\S MASSES4 

,V4 ,CONCLUSION 

,F9ALLY ,I HAVE TO MAKE A FEW OBS]VATIONS REG>D+ Y\R LA/ 
*APT]3 0,CONCLUSIONS10 P]HAPS ! MO/ IMPORTANT ( Y\R 
5TIRE BOOK4 ,AGA9 ,I WAS DELI<T$ ) IT1 AS LONG AS ,I ?\<T ( ! 
,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,BUT OV] & OV] AGA9 ! ?\<T CAME 9TO MY 
HEAD3 ! TACTICS ?AT >E BRILLIANT = ,RUSSIA >E BAD H]E4 ,!Y LEAD 
TO DEFEAT H]E4 

,Y\ ASS]T H]E1 COMRADE 7PP4 #f#h-#g#d71 ?AT 9 A C]TA9 /AGE ( 
DEVELOPM5T ! MASSES MU/ BE ATTRACT$1 MILLIONS & MILLIONS ( !M4 
,! PROPAG&A = 0PURE0 ,COMMUNISM1 ?AT COLLECT$ ! 
AVANT-G>DE1 & $UCAT$ IT1 SUFFICES NO LONG] 9 ?AT /AGE4 ,N[ IS 
! TIME1 & NEXT FOLL[ ONCE AGA9 Y\R OPPORTUNI/ ME?ODS ?AT ,I 
HAVE ALREADY REFUT$3 TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( 0RIFTS10 ( 
PETTY-B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS1 ETC4 

,COMRADE1 ?IS *APT] IS ALSO COMPLETELY WRONG4 

,Y\ JUDGE AS A ,RUSSIAN1 NOT AS AN 9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNI/ :O KN[S 
REAL ,WE/-,EUROPEAN CAPITALISM4 

,ALMO/ EV]Y WORD ( ?IS *APT]1 WOND]FUL ?\< IT MAY BE = ! 
KN[L$GE ( Y\R REVOLUTION1 IS WRONG = BIG 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM1 
= ! TRU/S & MONOPOLY CAPITALISM4 

,I WILL DEMON/RATE ?IS H]E3 FIR/ 9 SMALL MATT]S4 

,/ILL ,NE$ = ,PROPAG&A4 

,Y\ WRITE AB\T ,COMMUNISM 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 

0,! VANGU>D ( ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT HAS BE5 
WON0 7P4 #g74 ,?IS IS WRONG1 ,COMRADE4 0,! P]IOD ( 
PROPAG&A IS PA/0 7P4 #f#i74 ,?IS IS NOT TRUE4 0,! 
PROLET>IAN VANGU>D HAS BE5 WON OV] IDEOLOGICALLY40 ,?IS IS NOT 
SO1 ,COMRADE4 ,?IS /&S 9 L9E 7& IT PROCE$S FROM ! SAME 
M5TALITY7 ) :AT ,I READ 9 ,BUKH>91 NOT LONG AGO3 0,5GLI% 
CAPITALISM IS BANKRUPT40 ,I ALSO READ 9 ,RADEK SIMIL> FANTASIES1 
?AT W]E CLOS] TO A/ROLOGY ?AN A/RONOMY4 ,NO?+ ( ?IS IS TRUE4 
,EXCEPT = ,G]MANY1 !RE IS NO VANGU>D ANY:]E YET4 ,NEI!R 9 
,5GL&1 NOR ,FRANCE1 NOR ,BELGIUM1 NOR ,HOLL&1 NOR1 IF ,I AM WELL 
9=M$1 9 MO/ ( ! ,SC&9AVIAN C\NTRIES4 ,!RE >E ONLY A FEW 
0,ECLAIREURS10 :O DO NOT AGREE YET AB\T ! C\RSE ?AT 
MU/ BE FOLL[$4.<#c#d.> 
0,! P]IOD ( PROPAG&A IS PA/0 IS A T]RIBLE LIE4 

,NO1 ,COMRADE1 ?IS P]IOD IS JU/ BEG9N+ 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,!RE 
IS NO FIRM K]NEL ANY:]E AS YET4 

,:AT WE NE$ H]E IS SU* A K]NEL1 H>D AS /EEL1 CLE> AS GLASS4 
,& ?IS IS :]E WE %\LD BEG9 H]E) TO BUILD UP A BIG 
ORGANIZATION4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT WE >E H]E 9 ! /AGE Y\ W]E 9 #a#i#c1 
OR EV5 BE=E1 9 ! ,ISKRA P]IOD4 ,COMRADE1 CONDITIONS H]E >E F> 
RIP] ?AN WE >E1 BUT ?AT IS NO REASON :Y WE %\LD LET \RSELVES BE 
C>RI$ AWAY1 TO BEG9 )\T A K]NEL6 

,= ! TIME BE+ WE ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ! ,COMMUNI/ P>TIES 9 
,5GL&1 ,FRANCE1 ,BELGIUM1 ,HOLL&1 ,SC&9AVIA1 ,ITALY1 EV5 ! ,K,A,P,D 9 
,G]MANY1 MU/ REMA9 SMALL1 NOT BECAUSE WE WANT TO1 BUT BECAUSE 
O!RWISE WE CANNOT BECOME /RONG4 

,AN EXAMPLE3 ,BELGIUM4 ,EXCEPT = ,HUNG>Y1 BE=E ! REVOLUTION1 !RE 
IS NO C\NTRY :]E ! PROLET>IAT IS AS CORRUPT$ BY RE=MISM AS 
,BELGIUM4 ,IF AT ?IS MOM5T ,COMMUNISM %\LD BECOME A MASS MOVEM5T !RE 
7) P>LIAM5T>ISM1 ETC471 ! VULTURES1 ! PR(ITE]S ETC4 ( 
OPPORTUNISM W\LD SWOOP D[N ON IT IMM$IATELY & DRAG IT TO 
DE/RUCTION4 ,& IT IS ! SAME EV]Y:]E4 

,= ?AT REASON1 BECAUSE ! ,LABOR MOVEM5T H]E IS V]Y WEAK AS 
YET1 & ALMO/ COMPLETELY TRAPP$ 9 OPPORTUNISM1 BECAUSE SO F> 
,COMMUNISM IS H>DLY ANY?+1 & MU/ FI<T 7ON ! QUE/IONS ( 
P>LIAM5T>ISM & ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS & ON ALL O!RS7 UNTIL WE ATTA9 
! HI<E/ LUCIDITY & CL>ITY1 UNTIL EV]Y?+ HAS BE5 MADE 
!ORETICALLY AS CLE> AS POSSIBLE4 

,A SECT1 !RE=E1 SAYS ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE4 ,C]TA9LY A SECT1 IF 
?AT IS :AT Y\ WANT TO CALL ! K]NEL ( A MOVEM5T ?AT CONQU]S ! 
WORLD4 

,COMRADE1 !RE WAS A TIME :5 Y\R MOVEM5T1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 WAS 
ALSO SMALL & 9SIGNIFICANT4 ,IT WAS BECAUSE IT WAS SMALL1 & 
VOLUNT>ILY REMA9$ SO = A LONG TIME ?AT IT KEPT ITSELF PURE4 ,& 
?R\< ?IS1 & ?IS EXCLUSIVELY IT BECAME P[]FUL4 ,WE ALSO WANT TO 
PROCE$ 9 ?IS WAY4 

,?IS IS A QUE/ION ( ! UTMO/ IMPORTANCE4 ,NOT ONLY ! 
,WE/-,EUROPEAN1 BUT ALSO ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION DEP5DS ON ?IS4 ,BEW>E1 
,COMRADE6 ,Y\ KN[ ?AT ,NAPOLEON 9 TRY+ TO SPREAD MOD]N CAPITALISM 
ALL OV] ,EUROPE WAS F9ALLY WRECK$ & HAD TO MAKE WAY = REACTION1 
:5 HE HAD >RIV$2 :]E !RE WAS NOT ONLY TOO MU* ( ! MIDDLE 
AGES1 BUT ESPECIALLY TOO LITTLE CAPITALISM4 

,!SE1 Y\R M9OR ASS]TIONS1 >E NOT TRUE4 ,I WILL N[ PROCE$ TO ! 
BIGG] ONES1 TO ! MO/ IMPORTANT ( ALL Y\ SAY3 ?AT N[ ! TIME HAS 
COME )\T PROPAG&A TO W9 ! MILLIONS = 0PURE0 
,COMMUNISM1 ?R\< ! OPPORTUNI/ POLICY Y\ DESCRIBE4 ,COMRADE1 EV5 IF 
Y\ W]E RI<T 9 ! SMALL MATT]S1 IF ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES H]E W]E 
ACTUALLY /RONG 5\<1 ?IS W\LD BE UTT]LY WRONG FROM BEG9N+ TO 
5D4 ,PURE PROPAG&A = ! NEW ,COMMUNISM1 AS ,I HAVE (T5 SAID 
ALREADY1 WILL BE NECESS>Y H]E 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 FROM ! BEG9N+ ( 
! REVOLUTION TO ! V]Y 5D4 ,BECAUSE 7?IS PO9T IS ( SU* 
IMPORTANCE ?AT IT HAS TO BE CON/ANTLY REPEAT$7 IT IS ! WORK]S1 ! 
WORK]S ALONE1 :O MU/ BR+ ,COMMUNISM4 ,( ! O!R CLASSES !Y HAVE 
NO?+ TO EXPECT1 9 ANY CONSID]ABLE MEASURE1 UNTIL ! REVOLUTION IS 
F9I%$4 

,Y\ SAY 7P4 #g#b73 ?AT P]IOD ( ! REVOLUTION HAS />T$ 9 :I* 
WE HAVE ! VANGU>D1 & 9 :I*3 

#a4 ALL CLASS P[]S ?AT >E AGA9/ US HAVE BECOME 
SUFFICI5TLY DIS>RANG$1 HAVE F\<T SUFFICI5TLY AMONG !MSELVES1 
HAVE BE5 SUFFICI5TLY WEAK5$ BY ! /RUGGLE ?AT SURPASSES !IR 
/R5G?2 

#b4 ALL VACILLAT+1 UNDECID$ ELEM5TS1 ! 
PETTY-B\RGEOISIE1 PETTY-B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY1 HAVE BE5 SUFFICI5TLY 
UNMASK$ BE=E ! PEOPLE1 HAVE EXPOS$ !MSELVES SUFFICI5TLY ?R\< 
!IR BANKRUPTCY4 

,WELL1 ,COMRADE1 ?IS IS ,RUSSIAN4 ,9 ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T BODY1 :I* 
WAS ROTT5 ?R\< & ?R\<1 !SE W]E ! CONDITIONS = ! 
REVOLUTION4 

,9 ! MOD]N1 REALLY BIG-CAPITALI/ /ATES1 H[EV]1 ! CONDITIONS 
WILL BE ALTOGE!R DIFF]5T4 ,! BIG B\RGEOIS P>TIES WILL /& 
TOGE!R 9 OPPOSITION TO ,COMMUNISM1 WILL NOT GET DIS>RANG$1 & ! 
PETTY-B\RGEOISIE WILL /& BY !M4 ,NOT 9 AN ABSOLUTE S5SE1 ( 
C\RSE1 BUT TO SU* AN EXT5T ?AT IT HAS TO DET]M9E \R TACTICS4 

,*>ACT] ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE WE MU/ EXPECT A REVOLUTION ?AT IS A T5ACI\S 
/RUGGLE ON EI!R SIDE1 ) A FIRM ORGANIZATION ON ! P>T ( ! 
B\RGEOISIE & ! PETTY-B\RGEOISIE4 ,! IMM5SE ORGANIZATIONS ( 
CAPITALISM & ( ! WORK]S PROVE ?IS4 

,!SE1 !RE=E1 WE HAVE TO ORGANIZE LIKEWISE ) ! V]Y BE/ 
WEAPONS1 ! BE/ =M ( ORGANIZATION1 ! BE/ & /RONGE/ ME?ODS 
( FI<T+ 7NOT ) WEAK ONES74 

,IT IS H]E1 & NOT 9 ,RUSSIA1 ?AT ! REAL /RUGGLE BETWE5 CAPITAL 
& LABOR WILL BE F\<T4 ,BECAUSE H]E !RE IS REAL CAPITAL4 

,COMRADE1 IF Y\ ?9K ?AT 7FROM A T5D5CY = !ORETICAL PURITY71 
,I EXAGG]ATE1 JU/ LOOK AT ,G]MANY4 ,!RE Y\ HAVE AN UTT]LY BANKRUPT1 
ALMO/ DESP]ATE ,/ATE4 ,BUT ALL CLASSES1 BIG & PETTY B\RGEOIS ALIKE1 
AS WELL AS ! PEASANT CLASSES1 /& FIRMLY UNIT$ AGA9/ ,COMMUNISM4 
,?US IT WILL BE EV]Y:]E ) US4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT JU/ AT ! 5D ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! REVOLUTION1 
:5 ! MO/ T]RIBLE CRISIS BREAKS \T1 :5 WE >E QUITE CLOSE TO 
VICTORY1 ! UNITY ( ! B\RGEOIS CLASSES WILL P]HAPS DISAPPE>1 & 
SOME ( ! PETTY B\RGEOIS & PEASANTS WILL COME TO US4 ,BUT :AT GOOD 
IS ?AT TO US8 ,WE MU/ DET]M9E \R TACTICS = ! BEG9N+ & ! 
C\RSE ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,BECAUSE ?IS IS SO1 & HAS TO BE SO 7BECAUSE ( ! CLASS RELATIONS 
& EV5 MORE ! RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION71 ! PROLET>IAT /&S 
ALONE4 

,BECAUSE IT /&S ALONE1 IT CAN ONLY TRIUMPH IF IT GA9S GREATLY 9 
SPIRITUAL /R5G?4 

,& AS ?IS IS ! ONLY WAY IT CAN TRIUMPH1 PROPAG&A = 
0PURE0 ,COMMUNISM IS NE$$ H]E UNTIL ! V]Y 5D 7QUITE 
! CONTR>Y TO ,RUSSIA74 

,)\T ?IS PROPAG&A1 ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN1 & CONSEQU5TLY ! 
,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT1 IS LO/4 

,& ! SAME HOLDS TRUE ( ! ,EXECUTIVE 9 ,MOSC[4 

,:IL/ ,I WAS WRIT+ !SE LA/ FEW PAGES1 ! NEWS CAME ?R\< ?AT 
! ,9T]NATIONAL HAD ADOPT$ Y\R TACTICS & ?OSE ( ! ,EXECUTIVE4 
,! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN DELEGATES HAVE LET !MSELVES BE DAZZL$ BY ! 
BRILLIANCE ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,ALL RI<T1 WE WILL TAKE UP ! 
FI<T 9 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,WE1 ,COMRADE1 Y\R OLD FRI5DS ,PANNEKOEK1 ,ROL& ,HOL/1 ,RUTG]S & 
MYSELF1 TRU] ?AN :I* Y\ CANNOT F9D1 ON HE>+ ( Y\R 
,WE/-,EUROPEAN TACTICS1 ASK$ \RSELVES :AT C\LD HAVE CAUS$ !M4 
,OP9IONS DIFF]$ GREATLY4 ,! ONE SAID3 ! ECONOMIC CONDITION ( 
,RUSSIA IS SO BAD ?AT1 AFT] ALL1 IT NE$S PEACE4 ,= ?AT REASON1 
,COMRADE ,L59 WANTS TO GA!R >\ND HIM AS MU* P[] AS POSSIBLE3 ! 
,9DEP5D5TS1 ,LABOR ,P>TY1 ETC41 SO ?AT !Y MAY HELP HIM TO OBTA9 
PEACE4 ,! O!R SAID3 HE WI%ES TO HA/5 ! G5]AL ,EUROPEAN 
REVOLUTION4 ,!RE=E MILLIONS HAVE TO JO94 ,?AT IS ! REASON = HIS 
OPPORTUNISM4 

,I MYSELF BELIEVE1 AS ,I HAVE SAID BE=E1 ?AT Y\ MISUND]/& 
,EUROPEAN CONDITIONS1 ! /ATE ( ?+S4 

,H[EV] ?IS MAY BE1 ,COMRADE1 & FROM :AT MOTIVES Y\ MAY ACT1 IF 
Y\ GO ON ) !SE TACTICS1 Y\ WILL SUFF] ! MO/ T]RIBLE DEFEAT1 
& Y\ WILL LEAD ! PROLET>IAT 9TO ! MO/ T]RIBLE DEFEAT4 

,= IF Y\ WI% TO SAVE ,RUSSIA1 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 BY MEANS ( 
!SE TACTICS1 Y\ COLLECT NON-,COMMUNI/ ELEM5TS4 ,Y\ JO9 !M TO US1 
! REAL ,COMMUNI/S1 :IL/ WE DO NOT AS YET HAVE A FIRM K]NEL6 ,) 
?IS M$LEY ( DEAD ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 ) A MASS ( HALF OR QU>T] 
,COMMUNI/S1 9 :I* !RE IS NO SOLID K]NEL1 Y\ WANT TO FI<T AGA9/ 
! BE/ ORGANIZ$ CAPITAL 9 ! WORLD1 ) ALL ! NON-PROLET>IAN 
CLASSES ON ITS SIDE4 ,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT 9 ! BATTLE ?IS 
M$LEY WILL FALL AP>T1 & ! GREAT MASS WILL TAKE FLI<T4 

,:Y ,G]MAN ,WORK]S MU/ NOT BE ,DEFEAT$4 

,COMRADE1 A CRU%+ DEFEAT1 ( ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT = 9/ANCE1 
IS ! SIGNAL = A G5]AL ATTACK ON ,RUSSIA4 

,IF Y\ WI% TO MAKE ! REVOLUTION H]E1 ) ?IS HODGEPODGE ( 
,LABOR ,P>TY & ,9DEP5D5TS1 ,FR5* ,C5T] & ! ,ITALIAN ,P>TY1 
ETC41 & ) !SE ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 ! \TCOME CANNOT BE O!RWISE4 ,! 
GOV]NM5TS WILL NOT EV5 FE> SU* A LOAD ( OPPORTUNI/S4 

,IF H[EV] Y\ =M 9T]NALLY FIRM1 RADICAL GR\PS1 FIRM 7?\< 
SMALL7 P>TIES1 !N ! GOV]NM5T WILL FE> !SE P>TIES1 AS ONLY 
!SE C>RY AWAY ! MASSES 9 GREAT DE$S 9 ! REVOLUTION - AS 
! ,SP>TAKUS ,LEAGUE HAS PROV$ 9 ! BEG9N+ - !N ! 
GOV]NM5TS WILL HAVE TO RELEASE ,RUSSIA1 & F9ALLY1 :5 ! P>TIES 
WILL ?US1 ?R\< !SE 0PURE0 TACTICS1 HAVE GR[N 
P[]FUL1 VICTORY WILL BE \RS4 ,!SE \R 0,LEFT0 TACTICS1 
!RE=E1 >E ! BE/2 NAY ! ONLY ONES ?AT BR+ SALVATION = US 
& = ,RUSSIA ALIKE4 

,Y\R TACTICS ON ! O!R H& >E ,RUSSIAN4 ,!Y W]E EXCELL5T 9 A 
C\NTRY :]E AN >MY ( MILLIONS ( POOR PEASANTS /OOD READY1 & 
:]E !RE WAS A WAV]+1 DESP]ATE MIDDLE CLASS4 ,H]E !Y >E NO 
GOOD4 

,I MU/ F9ALLY REFUTE Y\R ASS]TION & ?AT ( MANY ( Y\R 
ASSOCIATES1 UPON :I* ,I HAVE ALREADY T\*$ 9 ! ?IRD *APT]2 ?AT 
! REVOLUTION 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE CAN ONLY BEG9 AFT] ! L[]1 
DEMOCRATIC LAY]S ( CAPITALISM HAVE BE5 SUFFICI5TLY %AK51 
NEUTRALIZ$ OR WON4 

,?IS ASS]TION ALSO1 9 ONE ( ! MO/ WEI<TY QUE/IONS ( ! 
REVOLUTION1 PROVES ONCE MORE ?AT Y\ CONSID] EV]Y?+ FROM A PURELY 
,EA/-,EUROPEAN PO9T ( VIEW4 ,& ?IS ASS]TION IS WRONG4 

,= ! PROLET>IAT 9 ,G]MANY & ,5GL& IS SO NUM]\S1 SO 
P[]FUL ?R\< ITS ORGANIZATION1 ?AT IT CAN MAKE ! REVOLUTION1 ITS 
BEG9N+ & DEVELOPM5T )\T1 & 9 OPPOSITION TO ALL !SE 
CLASSES4 ,& EV5 ?AT IT MU/ MAKE ! REVOLUTION1 DRIV5 BY SUFF]+S 
9 ,G]MANY4 

,& IT CAN ONLY DO SO1 IF IT FOLL[S ! RI<T TACTICS1 IF IT F\NDS 
ITS ORGANIZATION ON A %OP FLOOR BASIS1 & REJECTS P>LIAM5T>ISM2 IF 
ONLY IT /R5G!NS ! WORK]S 9 ?IS WAY6 

,WE ( ! ,LEFT ,W+1 !RE=E1 *OOSE \R TACTICS NOT ONLY = ! 
REASON M5TION$ ABOVE1 BUT ESPECIALLY ALSO BECAUSE ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN 
PROLET>IAT1 & 9 ! FIR/ PLACE ! ,G]MAN & ,5GLI% PROLET>IAT1 
BY ITSELF ALONE1 IF ONLY IT GR[S CONSCI\S & UNIT$1 IS SO IMM5SELY 
/RONG1 ?AT IT CAN W9 9 ?IS SIMPLE MANN]4 ,! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT 
HAD TO TAKE R\NDAB\T WAYS1 BE+ TOO WEAK BY ITSELF1 & IT HAS DONE 
SO BRILLIANTLY1 9 A MANN] F> SURPASS+ ALL ?AT ! WORLD 
PROLET>IAT HAS EV] A*IEV$4 ,BUT ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT CAN 
TRIUMPH BY ! /RAI<T1 CLE> ROAD4 

,?US ALSO ?IS ASS]TION ( Y\RS HAS BE5 REFUT$4 

,!RE REMA9S ONE >GUM5T /ILL TO BE REFUT$1 ONE :I* ,I HAVE READ 
OV] & OV] AGA9 ) ! 0,RI<T0 ,COMMUNI/S1 :I* ,I 
HE>D FROM ! ,RUSSIAN ,TRADE ,UNION LEAD]1 ,LOSOVSKI1 & :I* IS TO BE 
F\ND ALSO ) Y\3 0,! CRISIS WILL DRIVE ! MASSES TO 
,COMMUNISM1 EV5 IF WE RETA9 ! BAD ,TRADE ,UNIONS & 
P>LIAM5T>ISM40 ,?IS IS A V]Y WEAK >GUM5T4 ,= WE HAVE NO 
IDEA H[ BIG ! CRISIS IS GO+ TO BE4 ,WILL IT BE AS DEEP 9 ,5GL& 
& ,FRANCE AS IT IS N[ 9 ,G]MANY8 ,SECONDLY1 ?IS >GUM5T 7! 
0ME*ANICAL >GUM5T ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL071 HAS 
PROV$ H[ WEAK IT IS DUR+ ! LA/ SIX YE>S4 ,9 ,G]MANY ! MIS]Y 
DUR+ ! LA/ YE>S ( ! W> WAS T]RIBLE4 ,! REVOLUTION DID NOT 
BREAK \T4 ,IT WAS T]RIBLE 9 #aiah & #a#i#a#i4 ,! REVOLUTION DID NOT 
TRIUMPH4 ,! CRISIS 9 ,HUNG>Y1 ,AU/RIA1 ! ,BALKANS & ,POL& IS 
T]RIBLE4 ,! REVOLUTION DID NOT COME1 OR DID NOT W91 NOT EV5 :5 ! 
,RUSSIAN >MIES W]E QUITE NE>4 ,BUT 9 ! ?IRD PLACE ! >GUM5T 
TURNS AGA9/ Y\RSELF1 = IF ! CRISIS %\LD BR+ AB\T ! 
REVOLUTION 9 ANY CASE1 ! BETT] 0,LEFT0 TACTICS MI<T BE 
JU/ AS WELL ADOPT$4 

,! EXAMPLES ( ,G]MANY1 ,HUNG>Y1 ,BAV>IA1 ,AU/RIA1 ,POL& & ! 
,BALKANS H[EV]1 ALL PROVE ?AT CRISIS & MIS]Y DO NOT SUFFICE4 ,!Y 
HAVE ! MO/ T]RIBLE ECONOMIC CRISIS1 & YET ! REVOLUTION DOES NOT 
BREAK \T4 ,!RE MU/ BE ANO!R CAUSE YET1 :I* BR+S ! REVOLUTION 
AB\T1 & :I*1 IF IT DOES NOT WORK1 CAUSES ! DELAY1 OR ! COLLAPSE 
( ! REVOLUTION4 ,?IS CAUSE IS ! SPIRIT ( ! MASSES4 ,& IT IS 
Y\R TACTICS1 ,COMRADE1 :I* FAIL TO SUFFICI5TLY AWAK5 ! SPIRIT ( 
! MASSES 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 :I* DOES NOT SUFFICI5TLY /R5G!N IT1 
:I* LEAVES IT AS IT WAS4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( WRIT+ ,I HAVE PO9T$ \T 
?AT BANK+ CAPITAL1 ! TRU/S1 ! MONOPOLIES & ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN 
& ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN /ATE =M$ BY !M1 & DEP5D5T ON !M1 AS !Y 
>E1 UNITE ALL B\RGEOIS CLASSES1 BIG AS WELL AS SMALL1 9TO ONE :OLE 
AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION4 

,BUT ?IS =CE1 UNIT+ SOCIETY & ! /ATE AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION1 
GOES EV5 FUR!R4 ,BANK+ CAPITAL ITSELF ORGANIZ$ ! WORK+ CLASS 9 
A PREVI\S P]IOD1 9 ! P]IOD ( EVOLUTION1 AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION3 
$UCAT+1 UNIT+ & ORGANIZ+ !M4 ,& 9 :AT WAY8 ,9 ! ,TRADE 
,UNIONS 7,SYNDICALI/ AS WELL AS FREE71 & 9 ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC 
P>TIES4 ,BY =C+ !M TO FI<T ONLY = RE=MS1 CAPITAL TURN$ !SE 
,TRADE ,UNIONS & ,LABOR P>TIES 9TO C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y =CES = 
! MA9T5ANCE ( ! ,/ATE & SOCIETY4 ,BECAUSE ( BIG CAPITAL1 ,TRADE 
,UNIONS & ,LABOR P>TIES BECAME PROPS ( CAPITALISM4 ,AS1 H[EV]1 !SE 
ORGANIZATIONS CONSI/ ( WORK]S1 & ( ALMO/ ! MAJORITY ( WORK]S1 
& AS ! REVOLUTION CANNOT BE MADE )\T ! WORK]S1 !SE 
ORGANIZATIONS MU/ BE DE/ROY$ BE=E ! REVOLUTION CAN SUCCE$4 ,& 
H[ >E !Y TO BE DE/ROY$8 ,BY *ANG+ !IR SPIRIT4 ,& !IR SPIRIT 
CAN ONLY BE *ANG$ BY MAK+ ! SPIRIT ( ! MEMB]S 9DEP5D5T TO 
! UTMO/ DEGREE4 ,& ?IS CAN BE DONE ONLY BY REPLAC+ ! ,TRADE 
UNIONS ) 9DU/RIAL UNIONS & WORK]S' UNIONS1 & BY 
ABOLI%+ P>LIAM5T>ISM 9 ! ,LABOR P>TIES4 ,& Y\R TACTICS 
PREV5T ?IS4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ,G]MAN1 ,FR5* & ,ITALIAN CAPITALISM IS BANKRUPT4 ,OR 
RA!R3 !SE CAPITALI/ ,/ATES >E BANKRUPT4 ,! CAPITALI/S 
!MSELVES1 !IR ECONOMIC & POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS1 MA9TA9 
!MSELVES & !IR PR(ITS1 DIVID5DS & NEW CAPITAL >E /ILL HUGE4 
,ONLY1 H[EV]1 BY AN EXT5SION ( ! CIRCULATION ( PAP] BY ! ,/ATE4 
,IF ! ,G]MAN1 ,FR5* & ,ITALIAN ,/ATES FALL1 ! CAPITALI/S FALL 
LIKEWISE4 

,CRISIS IS ,NE>+4 

,! CRISIS APPROA*ES ) AN IRON NECESSITY4 ,IF PRICES RISE1 /RIKE 
WAVES RISE AS WELL2 IF !Y FALL1 ! >MY ( ! UNEMPLOY$ 9CREASES4 
,MIS]Y IS SPREAD+ ALL OV] ,EUROPE1 & HUNG] IS APPROA*+4 
,MOREOV]1 ! WORLD IS FULL ( NEW FUEL4 ,! CONFLICT1 ! NEW 
REVOLUTION1 IS DRAW+ NE>4 ,BUT H[ WILL IT 5D8 ,CAPITALISM IS /ILL 
P[]FUL4 ,G]MANY1 ,ITALY1 ,FRANCE & ,EA/]N ,EUROPE >E NOT ! :OLE 
WORLD4 ,& 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA & ! ,BRITI% ,DOM9IONS1 
= SOME TIME TO COME1 CAPITALISM WILL HOLD TOGE!R ALL CLASSES AGA9/ 
! PROLET>IAT4 ,! ISSUE !RE=E TO A V]Y GREAT EXT5T DEP5DS ON 
\R TACTICS & ON \R ORGANIZATION4 ,& Y\R TACTICS >E WRONG4 

,H]E 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE !RE IS ONLY ONE K9D ( TACTICS3 ?OSE ( 
! ,LEFT ,W+1 ?AT TELLS ! PROLET>IAT ! TRU?1 & DOES NOT BL9D 
IT ) ILLUSIONS4 ,?OSE ?AT1 EV5 ?\< IT MAY TAKE A LONG TIME1 
=GE ! ONLY EFFECTIVE WEAPONS - ! 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATIONS 
7UNIT+ !SE 9TO ONE :OLE71 & ! ORIG9ALLY SMALL1 BUT PURE & 
FIRM K]NELS1 ! ,COMMUNI/ P>TIES4 ,?OSE TACTICS1 MOREOV]1 ?AT 
SPREAD !SE ORGANIZATIONS OV] ! 5TIRE PROLET>IAT4 

,?IS HAS TO BE LIKE ?IS1 NOT BECAUSE WE ( ! ,LEFT ,W+ WANT IT1 
BUT BECAUSE ! RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION1 CLASS RELATIONS1 DEM& IT4 

,AT ! CONCLUSION ( MY EXPOSITION1 ,I WILL DRAW !M UP 9 A CONCISE 
SURVEY1 SO ?AT ! WORK] MAY SEE EV]Y?+ CLE>LY = HIMSELF4 

,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ,I IMAG9E1 !RE FOLL[S FROM IT A CLE> IMAGE ( 
! CAUSES ( \R TACTICS 7A CLE> SURVEY ( ! MOTIVES ( \R 
TACTICS71 & ! TACTICS !MSELVES3 BANK+ CAPITAL DOM9ATES ! 
:OLE WORLD4 ,IDEOLOGICALLY & MAT]IALLY IT KEEPS ! GIGANTIC 
PROLET>IAT 9 ! DEEPE/ SLAV]Y1 & UNITES ALL B\RGEOIS CLASSES4 
,CONSEQU5TLY ! GIGANTIC MASSES MU/ RISE & PROCE$ TO ACT = 
!MSELVES4 ,?IS IS ONLY POSSIBLE ?R\< 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATIONS & 
! ABOLITION ( P>LIAM5T>ISM 9 ! REVOLUTION4 

,SECONDLY1 ,I WILL SUMM>IZE ! TACTICS ( ! ,LEFT ,W+1 & ?OSE ( 
! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL 9 A FEW PHRASES1 SO ?AT ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 
Y\R TACTICS & ?OSE ( ! ,LEFT ,W+ BECOME CLE>LY & ABSOLUTELY 
OBVI\S1 & SO ?AT IF Y\R TACTICS LEAD TO ! GREATE/ DEBACLE1 AS 
!Y PROBABLY WILL1 ! WORK]S WILL NOT LOSE C\RAGE1 BUT MI<T SEE 
!RE >E O!R TACTICS4 

,! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL BELIEVES ?AT ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION 
WILL PROCE$ TOGE!R ACCORD+ TO ! LAWS & TACTICS ( ! ,RUSSIAN 
REVOLUTION4 

,! ,LEFT ,W+ BELIEVES ?AT ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION WILL MAKE 
& FOLL[ ITS [N LAWS4 

,! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL BELIEVES ?AT ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION 
WILL BE ABLE TO MAKE COMPROMISES & ALLIANCES ) PETTY-B\RGEOIS & 
SMALL PEASANT1 & EV5 ) BIG B\RGEOIS P>TIES4 

,! ,LEFT ,W+ BELIEVES ?IS IS IMPOSSIBLE4 

,! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL BELIEVES ?AT 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE DUR+ ! 
REVOLUTION !RE WILL BE 0RIFTS0 & SCISSIONS BETWE5 ! 
B\RGEOIS1 PETTY-B\RGEOIS & SMALL PEASANT P>TIES4 

,! ,LEFT ,W+ BELIEVES ?AT ! B\RGEOIS & PETTY-B\RGEOIS P>TIES 
WILL =M ONE UNIT$ FRONT UNTIL ! 5D ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL UND]E/IMATES ! P[] ( ,WE/-,EUROPEAN & 
,NOR? ,AM]ICAN CAPITAL4 

,! ,LEFT ,W+ MAKES ITS TACTICS CON=M TO ?IS GREAT P[]4 

,! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL DOES NOT RECOGNIZE ! P[] ( BANK+ 
CAPITAL1 ! BIG CAPITAL :I* UNITES ALL B\RGEOIS CLASSES4 

,! ,LEFT ,W+ ON ! CONTR>Y BASES ITS TACTICS ON ?IS UNIFY+ 
P[]4 

,AS ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL DOES NOT BELIEVE 9 ! FACT ?AT 9 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE ! PROLET>IAT WILL /& ALONE1 IT NEGLECTS ! M5TAL 
DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS PROLET>IAT2 :I* 9 EV]Y RESPECT IS /ILL DEEPLY 
5TANGL$ 9 B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGY2 & *OOSES TACTICS :I* LEAVE SLAV]Y 
& SUBJECTION TO B\RGEOIS IDEAS UNMOLE/$ & 9TACT4 

,LEFT-,W+] TO ,FREE ,WORK]S' ,M9DS4 

,! ,LEFT ,W+ *OOSES ITS TACTICS 9 SU* A WAY ?AT 9 ! FIR/ 
PLACE ! M9D ( ! WORK]S IS LIB]AT$4 

,AS ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL DOES NOT F\ND ITS TACTICS ON FREE+ ! 
M9D1 NOR ON ! UNITY ( ALL B\RGEOIS & PETTY-B\RGEOIS P>TIES1 BUT 
ON COMPROMISES & 0RIFTS02 IT LEAVES ! OLD ,TRADE ,UNIONS 9TACT1 
TRY+ TO UNITE !M ) ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,AS ! ,LEFT ,W+ /RIVES ABOVE ALL = FREE+ ! M9D1 & BELIEVES 
9 ! UNITY ( ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES1 IT REALIZES ?AT ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS 
MU/ BE DE/ROY$1 & ?AT ! PROLET>IAT NE$S BETT] WEAPONS4 

,! SAME MOTIVES 9DUCE ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL TO SUPPORT 
P>LIAM5T>ISM4 

,! SAME MOTIVES ALSO 9DUCE ! ,LEFT ,W+ TO ABOLI% 
P>LIAM5T>ISM4 

,! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL LEAVES ! CONDITION ( SLAV]Y SU* AS IT 
WAS 9 ! ,SECOND4 

,! ,LEFT ,W+ WI%ES TO *ANGE IT FROM BEL[ UPW>D2 IT SEIZES ! 
EVIL AT ! ROOT4 

,AS ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL DOES NOT BELIEVE ?AT 9 ! FIR/ PLACE 
! LIB]ATION ( M9DS IS NE$$ 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 NOR ?AT ALL 
B\RGEOIS P>TIES WILL BE ONE 9 ! REVOLUTION1 IT COLLECTS MASSES 
>\ND IT1 )\T 9QUIR+ :E!R !Y >E REALLY ,COMMUNI/1 )\T 
DET]M9+ ITS TACTICS1 ON ! SUPPOSITION ?AT !Y >E - AS 
LONG AS IT GETS ! MASSES4 

,! ,LEFT ,W+ WI%ES 9 ALL C\NTRIES TO =M P>TIES CONSI/+ 
EXCLUSIVELY ( ,COMMUNI/S1 & DET]M9ES ITS TACTICS ACCORD+LY4 
,?R\< ! EXAMPLE ( !SE ORIG9ALLY SMALL P>TIES1 ! MAJORITY ( 
! PROLET>IAT1 & !RE=E ! MASSES1 WILL BE BR\<T TO 
,COMMUNISM4 

,TO ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 !N1 ! MASSES 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE >E A 
MEANS4 

,TO ! ,LEFT ,W+ !Y >E ! AIM4 

,?R\< !SE TACTICS 7:I* W]E QUITE RI<T 9 ,RUSSIA71 ! ,?IRD 
,9T]NATIONAL EMPLOYS LEAD]-POLITICS4 

,! ,LEFT ,W+1 ON ! O!R H&1 EMPLOYS MASS POLITICS4 

,?R\< !SE TACTICS ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL IS LEAD+ NOT ONLY ! 
,WE/-,EUROPEAN1 BUT ALSO ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 9TO RU94 

,! ,LEFT ,W+ ON ! O!R H&1 ?R\< ITS TACTICS1 LEADS ! WORLD 
PROLET>IAT T[>DS VICTORY4 

,&1 F9ALLY1 ,I WILL GA!R MY /ATEM5TS 9TO A FEW !SES1 SO ?AT 
! WORK]S :O MU/ /RIVE = !MSELVES TO GA9 A CLE> 9SI<T 9TO 
?OSE TACTICS1 MAY HAVE !M BE=E !IR EYES 9 A CONCISE1 SURVEYABLE 
=M4 ,!Y HAVE TO BE READ1 ( C\RSE1 9 ! LI<T ( ! ABOVE 
EXPOSITION4 

#a4 ,! TACTICS ( ! ,WE/-,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION MU/ 
BE DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 

#b4 ,= H]E ! PROLET>IAT /&S ALONE4 

#c4 ,H]E ! PROLET>IAT MU/ MAKE ! REVOLUTION ALL 
BY ITSELF1 AGA9/ ALL O!R CLASSES4 

#d4 ,! IMPORTANCE ( ! PROLET>IAN MASSES1 
!RE=E1 IS RELATIVELY GREAT]1 & ?AT ( ! LEAD]S SMALL] ?AN 
9 ,RUSSIA4 

#e4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 H]E ! PROLET>IAT MU/ HAVE ! 
V]Y BE/ WEAPONS = ! REVOLUTION4 

#f4 ,! ,TRADE ,UNIONS BE+ 9SUFFICI5T WEAPONS1 !Y 
MU/ BE REPLAC$ OR *ANG$ 9TO 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATIONS1 ?AT >E 
UNIT$ 9TO ONE LEAGUE4 

#g4 ,AS ! PROLET>IAT MU/ MAKE ! REVOLUTION ALL 
ALONE1 )\T HELP1 IT HAS TO RISE V]Y HI< MORALLY AS WELL AS 
SPIRITUALLY4 ,IT IS BETT] !RE=E NOT TO USE P>LIAM5T>ISM 9 ! 
REVOLUTION4 ,M>X HAD LE>N$ FROM ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ! PROLET>IAT 
CANNOT USE OR TAKE OV] ! B\RGEOIS 

,/ATE = ! REVOLUTION4 ,?US ! 0,LEFT ,W+0 HAS LE>N$ 
FROM ! ,RUSSIAN1 ,G]MAN1 ,HUNG>IAN1 FROM ! ,WORLD ,REVOLUTION1 ?AT ! 
PROLET>IAT CANNOT USE ! OLD ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES1 NOR ! OLD ,TRADE 
,UNIONS = ! REVOLUTION4 

,) FRAT]NAL GREET+S1 

,H4 ,G,O,R,T,]4 

,NOTES 

.<#a.>4 ,9 
,/ATE & ,REVOLUTION1 = 9/ANCE1 Y\ WRITE 7PAGE #f#g73 
0,! GREATE/ MAJORITY ( ! PEASANTRY 9 EV]Y CAPITALI/ 
C\NTRY ?AT HAS ANY PEASANTRY AT ALL1 IS OPPRESS$ BY ! GOV]NM5T1 
& SO ?IR/+ = ! LATT]'S OV]?R[1 = 
'*EAP' GOV]NM5T4 ,! PROLET>IAT IS CALL$ UPON TO C>RY 
?IS 9TO EXECUTION 4440 ,! TR\BLE IS1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! 
PEASANTRY DOES NOT ?IR/ = ,COMMUNISM4 

.<#b.>4 ,! ,AGR>IAN 
,!SES ( ,MOSC[ ACKN[L$GES ?IS4 

.<#c.>4 ,I HAVE NO 
/ATI/ICAL DATA = ,SW$5 & ,SPA94 

.<#d.>4 ,9 ! 
BRO*URE1 ,! ,WORLD ,REVOLUTION1 ,I HAVE EMPHATICALLY PO9T$ \T ?IS 
DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,RUSSIA & ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( ! 
,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION HAS PROV$ ?AT ANY JUDGM5T WAS EV5 TOO OPTIMI/IC4 
,9 ,ITALY IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT ! POOR PEASANTS WILL SIDE ) ! 
PROLET>IAT4 

.<#e.>4 ,Y\1 
,COMRADE1 WILL SURELY NOT TRY & W9 9 AN >GUM5T BY TAK+ ! 
ASS]TIONS ( Y\R OPPON5T 9 TOO ABSOLUTE A S5SE1 AS SMALL M9DS DO4 
,MY ABOVE REM>K1 !RE=E1 IS MEANT = ! LATT]4 

.<#f.>4 ,( C\RSE ,I 
HAD TO TAKE ! PRE-W> FIGURES1 & HAVE MADE ! 9CREASE 9 
PROLET>IANS AFT] ! LA/ C5SUS 7( #a#i#i7 PROPORTIONATE TO ?AT 
BE=E4 

.<#g.>4 ,I DO NOT 
T\* H]E ON ! FACT ?AT ?R\< ?IS O!R RELATION ( NUMB]S 7#b 
MILLION TO #g MILLION 9 ,G]MANY67 ! IMPORTANCE ( ! MASS & ! 
LEAD]S1 & ! RELATION BETWE5 MASS1 P>TY & LEAD]S1 ALSO 9 ! 
C\RSE & AT ! CLOSE ( ! REVOLUTION H]E1 WILL DIFF] FROM ?OSE 
( ,RUSSIA4 

.<#h.>4 ,SO F>1 AT 
LEA/4 

.<#i.>4 ,IT HAS 
/RUCK ME ?AT 9 ?IS CONTROV]SY Y\ ALMO/ 9V>IABLY MAKE USE ( 
PRIVATE1 & NOT PUBLIC VOICES ( ! OPPOSITION4 

.<#a.>4 ,IT HAS TO 
BE BORNE 9 M9D1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT ?IS NEW COMB9ATION ( 9DIVIDUALISM 
& C5TRALISM IS NOT GIV5 RI<T AWAY 9 ITS COMPLET$ =M1 BUT ?AT 
IT IS ONLY SPR++ UP N[1 & IS A PROCESS1 :I* WILL BE DEVELOP$ 
ONLY 9 ! /RUGGLE ITSELF1 & ?US P]FECT$4 

.<#a#a.>4 ,) ! 
S>CA/IC REM>K ?AT ALSO ! ,WORK]S' ,UNION CANNOT BE FAULTLESS1 
Y\ MAKE LITTLE IMPRESSION4 ,IT IS RI<T ONLY 9 SO F> ?AT ! UNION 
MU/ FI<T = RE=MS UND] CAPITALISM4 ,IT IS NOT RI<T 9 SO F> AS 
! UNION FI<TS = ! REVOLUTION4 

.<#a#b.>4 ,%OP 
,COMMITTEES1 ,%OP ,/EW>DS1 &1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,WALES1 ,9DU/RIAL 
,UNIONS4 

.<#a#c.>4 ,?AT ?IS 
MOVEM5T 9 ,G]MANY WAS MADE FROM ABOVE IS SL&]4 

.<#a#d.>4 ,Y\1 
,COMRADE1 & MANY ) Y\1 USE H]E ! >GUM5T ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/S1 
BY LEAV+ ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 LOSE T\* ) ! MASSES4 ,BUT IS NOT ! 
CLOSE/ T\* OBTA9$ 9 ! WORK%OPS8 ,& HAVE NOT ALL WORK%OPS 
TURN$ MORE ?AN EV] 9TO DEBAT+ HALLS8 ,H[ CAN ! ,LEFT ,COMMUNI/S 
POSSIBLY LOSE T\*1 !N8 

.<#a#e.>4 ,ALREADY N[ 
! ,TRADE ,UNION QUE/ION CLE>LY DEMON/RATES :]E ! OPPORTUNI/ 
TACTICS ( ,MOSC[ LEAD4 ,! MEMB]S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES >E =C$ 
TO 5T] ! MOD]N ,TRADE ,UNIONS 7SEE ! !SIS ACCEPT$ ON ?IS 
PO9T74 ,!Y >E =C$1 !RE=E1 TO BECOME SCABS & 
/RIKE-BREAK]S666 ,AT ! SAME TIME !Y MU/ OP5LY SUPPORT ! 
,SYNDICALI/S666 ,9/EAD ( OP5LY SAY+ ?AT NEI!R ( !SE 
ORGANIZATIONS >E ANY GOOD1 ?AT NEW ONES HAVE TO BE =M$1 ON ! 
BASIS ( ! 9DU/RIES 7! !SES !MSELVES DECL>E ELSE:]E ?AT 
?IS IS :AT %\LD BE DONE71 !Y ADOPT ?IS AMBIGU\S ATTITUDE4 ,& 
:Y8 ,TO ADD MASSES TO ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 

.<#a#f.>4 ,ORIG9ALLY 
,I CONSID]$ ?IS A M9OR PO9T4 ,! ATTITUDE ( ! ,SP>TAKUS ,LEAGUE1 
H[EV]1 AT ! TIME ( ! ,KAPP PUTS*1 & Y\R OPPORTUNI/ BRO*URE1 
OPPORTUNI/ EV5 ON ?IS QUE/ION1 HAVE CONV9C$ ME ?AT IT IS ( GREAT 
IMPORTANCE4 

.<#a#g.>4 ,?IS GREAT 
9FLU5CE1 ?IS 5TIRE IDEOLOGY ( ! ,WE/ ( ,EUROPE1 ( ! ,UNIT$ 
,/ATES & ! ,BRITI% COLONIES1 IS NOT UND]/OOD 9 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE1 9 
,TURKEY1 ! ,BALKANS1 ETC4 7TO SAY NO?+ ( ,ASIA1 ETC474 

.<#a#h.>4 ,! EXAMPLE 
( ,COMRADE ,LIEBKNE*T IS 9 ITSELF A PRO( ?AT \R TACTICS >E RI<T4 
,B,E,=,E ! REVOLUTION1 :5 IMP]IALISM WAS AS YET AT ! SUMMIT ( 
P[]1 & SUPPRESS$ EV]Y MOVEM5T BY M>TIAL LAW1 HE C\LD EX]CISE 
AN 5ORM\S 9FLU5CE ?R\< HIS PROTE/S 9 P>LIAM5T2 ,D,U,R,+ ! 
REVOLUTION ?IS WAS SO NO LONG]4 ,AS SOON1 !RE=E1 AS ! WORK]S 
HAVE TAK5 !IR LOT 9TO !IR [N H&S1 WE MU/ LET GO ( 
P>LIAM5T>ISM4 

.<#a#i.>4 ,IT IS TRUE 
?AT ,5GL& HAS NO POOR PEASANTS TO SUPPORT CAPITAL4 ,BUT ! MIDDLE 
CLASS IS CORRESPOND+LY GREAT]1 & IS UNIT$ ) CAPITALISM4 ,BY 
MEANS ( ?IS ADVANCE GU>D ! ,5GLI% PROLET>IAT %[S H[ IT WANTS 
TO FI<T3 ALONE1 & AGA9/ ALL CLASSES ( ,5GL& & ITS COLONIES4 
,& EXACTLY LIKE ,G]MANY AGA93 BY SETT+ AN EXAMPLE4 ,BY F\ND+ A 
,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ?AT REJECTS P>LIAM5T>ISM1 & ?AT CALLS \T TO ! 
5TIRE CLASS 9 ,5GL&3 LET GO ( P>LIAM5T1 ! SYMBOL ( CAPITALI/ 
P[]4 ,=M Y\R [N P>TY & Y\R [N 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,RELY 
ON Y\R [N /R5G? EXCLUSIVELY4 

,?IS HAD TO BE SO 9 ,5GL&1 ,COMRADE2 IT HAD TO COME 9 
! LONG RUN4 ,?IS PRIDE & C\RAGE1 BORN \T ( ! GREATE/ 
CAPITALISM4 ,N[ ?AT IT COMES AT LA/1 IT COMES 9 FULL =CE AT 
ONCE4 

.<#b.>4 ,9 ,5GL&1 
MORE EV5 ?AN ANY:]E ELSE1 !RE IS ALWAYS A GREAT DANG] ( 
OPPORTUNISM4 ,?US ALSO \R ,COMRADE ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/1 :O FROM 
TEMP]AM5T1 9/9CT & EXP]I5CE1 NOT SO MU* P]HAPS FROM DEEP 
/UDY1 BUT BY M]E *ANCE1 WAS SU* AN EXCELL5T *AMPION ( ,LEFT ,W+ 
,COMMUNISM1 SEEMS TO HAVE *ANG$ H]E VIEWS4 ,%E GIVES UP 
ANTI-P>LIAM5T>ISM1 & CONSEQU5TLY ! CORN]/ONE ( H] FI<T 
AGA9/ OPPORTUNISM1 = ! SAKE ( ! IMM$IATE ADVANTAGE ( UNITY6 
,BY SO DO+ %E FOLL[S ! ROAD ?\S&S ( ,5GLI% ,LABOR LEAD]S 
HAVE TAK5 BE=E H]3 ! ROAD T[>DS SUBMISSION TO OPPORTUNISM & 
ALL IT LEADS TO1 & F9ALLY TO ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,?IS IS NOT TO BE 
WOND]$ AT4 ,BUT ?AT Y\1 ,COMRADE ,L591 %\LD HAVE 9DUC$ H] TO DO 
SO1 %\LD HAVE P]SUAD$ H]1 ! ONLY FE>LESS LEAD] ( CONSEQU5CE 
9 ,5GL&1 ?IS IS A BL[ = ! ,RUSSIAN1 = ! WORLD 
REVOLUTION4 

,ONE MI<T ASK :Y ,I DEF5D ANTI-P>LIAM5T>ISM = 
,5GL&1 :]EAS ABOVE ,I HAVE RECOMM5D$ IT ONLY = ?OSE C\NTRIES 
:]E ! REVOLUTION HAS BROK5 \T4 ,! ANSW] MU/ BE ?AT 9 ! 
/RUGGLE IT MAY (T5 PROVE NECESS>Y TO GO ONE /EP SO MU* TO ! 
,LEFT4 ,IF1 9 A C\NTRY SO DISEAS$ ) OPPORTUNISM AS ,5GL&1 ! 
DANG] %\LD >ISE ( A Y\NG ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY FALL+ BACK 9TO ! 
C\RSE ( OPPORTUNISM1 ?R\< P>LIAM5T>ISM1 IT IS A TACTICAL 
NECESSITY TO DEF5D ANTI-P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,& ?US 9 MANY C\NTRIES ( 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE IT MAY CONT9UE TO BE6 

.<#b#a.>4 ,IT IS TRUE 
?AT ?R\< ! W> AN 9F9ITELY GREAT] NUMB] ( V>I\S ELEM5TS 
HAS COME D[N TO ! RANKS ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,ALL ELEM5TS1 ?\< AS 
GOOD AS ANY ELEM5T ?AT IS NOT PROLET>IAN1 CL+ DESP]ATELY TO 
CAPITALISM1 & IF NE$ BE WILL DEF5D IT BY >M$ =CE1 BE+ HO/ILE 
TO ,COMMUNISM4 

.<#b#b.>4 ,I LACK ! 
SPACE H]E TO PO9T ?IS \T 9 DETAIL4 ,I HAVE DONE IT SO AT L5G? 9 A 
BRO*URE 5TITL$ ,! ,BASIS ( ,COMMUNISM4 

.<#b#c.>4 ,WE ,DUT*M5 
KN[ ?IS ONLY TOO WELL4 ,WE HAVE SE5 ! 0RIFTS0 DISAPPE> 
BE=E \R EYES1 9 \R SMALL1 BUT1 ?R\< \R COLONIES1 HI<LY 
IMP]IALI/ C\NTRY4 ,) US !RE >E NO LONG] DEMOCRATIC1 ,*RI/IAN1 
OR O!R P>TIES4 ,EV5 ! ,DUT* CAN JUDGE ?IS BETT] ?AN A ,RUSSIAN1 
:O1 ,I REGRET TO SAY1 SEEMS TO JUDGE ,WE/]N ,EUROPE AFT] ,RUSSIA4 

.<#b#d.>4 ,IT IS YET 
! QUE/ION :E!R !SE 0PURE0 ,LABOR GOV]NM5TS WILL 
COME H]E4 ,MAYBE ?AT H]E AGA9 Y\ LET Y\RSELF BE MISL$ BY ! 
,RUSSIAN EXAMPLE - ,K]5SKY4 ,LAT] 9 ?IS LETT]1 ,I WILL PO9T \T 
:Y 9 ?IS CASE1 9 ! ,M>* DAYS 9 ,G]MANY1 ?IS 0PURE0 
SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T WAS NOT TO BE SUPPORT$ ALL ! SAME4 

.<#b#e.>4 ,! ,RUSSIAN 
,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY AT ! TIME ( ,YUD5IT*'S & ,D5IK9'S 
ATTACKS1 NUMB]$ #a#c1#b#h#g M51 NOT ONE T5 ?\S&? P>T ( ! 
POPULATION ( #ae MILLION4 ,?R\< SPECIAL WEEKS ( PROPAG&A ! 
NUMB]1 BY ,JANU>Y #a#i#b1 9CREAS$ TO #b#b14 ,N[ IT IS NO MORE ?AN 
#f11 #e#b.0 ( :I* >E WORK]S4 

.<#b#f.>4 ,! 
QUOTATIONS >E FROM ,RADEK4 

.<#b#g.>4 ,I PO9T \T 
H]E ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ?IS OP9ION & ! EF=T ( W9N+ 
MILLIONS ( WAV]+ ELEM5TS TO ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,?IS 
CONTRADICTION IS ANO!R PRO( ( ! OPPORTUNISM ( Y\R TACTICS4 

.<#b#h.>4 ,A V]Y 
/RONG PRO( ( H[ ! ,BO>D ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL JUDGES ALL 
?+S FROM ! ,RUSSIAN /&PO9T1 IS ! FOLL[+3 AFT] ! ,G]MAN 
REVOLUTION HAD BE5 BEAT5 D[N1 AFT] ! ,BAV>IAN & ,HUNG>IAN 
REVOLUTIONS HAD BE5 CRU%$1 ,MOSC[ SAID TO ! ,G]MAN & ,HUNG>IAN 
PROLET>IAT3 

0,BE COM=T$1 & BE> UP1 = 9 ,M>* & ,JULY 
#a#i#a#g1 WE W]E ALSO DEFEAT$2 BUT 9 ,NOVEMB] WE WON4 ,AS IT W5T ) US1 
IT WILL GO ) Y\40 

,& TO BE SURE1 ?IS TIME AGA9 ,MOSC[ IS SAY+ ! SAME 
TO ! ,CZE*O-,SLOVAKIAN WORK]S4 ,BUT ! ,RUSSIANS WON 9 ,NOVEMB] 
EXCLUSIVELY BECAUSE ! POOR PEASANTS NO LONG] SUPPORT$ ,K]5SKY6 
,:]E1 ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE1 >E ! MILLIONS ( POOR PEASANTS 9 
,G]MANY1 ,BAV>IA1 ,HUNG>Y1 & 9 ,CZE*O-,SLOVAKIA8 ,!RE >E NONE4 ,Y\R 
WORDS >E JU/ UTT] NONS5SE4 ,! P]NICI\SNESS ( !SE ,MOSC[ 
TACTICS1 H[EV]1 DOES NOT LIE SOLELY 9 ?AT !Y CONSOLE ! WORK]S 
BY MEANS ( A FALSE IMAGE1 BUT MORE ESPECIALLY 9 ! FACT ?AT !Y 
FAIL TO DRAW ! RI<T CONCLUSION FROM ! DEFEAT 9 ,G]MANY1 ,BAV>IA1 
,HUNG>Y & ,CZE*O-,SLOVAKIA4 ,! LESSON !Y TEA* IS ?IS3 

0,DE/ROY Y\R ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 & =M 9DU/RIAL 
UNIONS1 ?US R5D]+ Y\R ,P>TY & Y\R CLASS /RONG 
9T]NALLY40 

,9/EAD ( ?IS LESSON1 H[EV]1 WE ONLY HE>3 0,IT 
WILL GO ) Y\ AS IT DID ) US60 ,IS IT NOT HI< TIME ?AT1 
AGA9/ !SE ,MOSC[ TACTICS1 !RE %\LD >ISE1 ALL OV] ,WE/]N 
,EUROPE1 ONE FIRMLY ORGANIZ$1 IRON OPPOSITION8 ,IT IS A QUE/ION ( LIFE 
& DEA? = ! WORLD REVOLUTION ITSELF4 ,& ALSO = ! ,RUSSIAN 
REVOLUTION4 

.<#b#i.>4 ,) REG>D 
TO ?IS WE MU/ BE> 9 M9D ?AT H]E WE >E ALWAYS SPEAK+ ( A 
DIS>M$ PROLET>IAT4 ,IF ?R\< SOME REASON OR O!R1 ?R\< A NEW 
W>1 OR LAT] ON1 9 ! C\RSE ( ! REVOLUTION1 ! PROLET>IAT 
%\LD ONCE MORE OBTA9 >MS1 ! ABOVE-M5TION$ CONDITIONS DO NOT 
C\NT4 

.<#c.>4 ,TO DEAL 
) ALL !SE ,RUSSIAN EXAMPLES W\LD BE TOO MONOTON\S4 ,I REQUE/ ! 
READ] TO READ !M ALL OV]4 ,HE WILL SEE ?AT :AT ,I HAVE SAID ABOVE IS 
RI<T4 

.<#c#a.>4 ,P]SONALLY 
,I BELIEVE ?AT 9 C\NTRIES :]E ! REVOLUTION IS F> (F AS YET1 & 
! WORK]S >E NOT YET /RONG 5\< TO MAKE IT1 P>LIAM5T>ISM CAN 
/ILL BE US$4 ,! %>PE/ CRITICISM ( ! P>LIAM5T>Y DELEGATES IS 
NECESS>Y 9 ?AT CASE4 ,O!R COMRADES1 ,I BELIEVE1 >E ( A DIFF]5T 
OP9ION4 

.<#c#b.>4 ,9 ,HALLE1 
9 ONE DAY ALONE1 #e1 NEW MEMB]S CAME UND] LEAD]S :I* ONLY A 
%ORT :ILE BE=E !Y !MSELVES HAD RECOGNIZ$ TO BE WORSE ?AN ! 
,S*EIDEMANN LOT4 ,& 9 ,T\RS1 ?REE QU>T]S ( ! ,FR5* ,SOCIALI/ 
,P>TY JO9$1 :I* UNTIL QUITE REC5TLY W]E = ! MO/ P>T SOCIAL 
PATRIOTS4 

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