,*APT] #c 

#ahhgahhg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,TRANSLATOR 3 ,ISABEL ,FLOR5CE ,HAPGOOD 

,TEXT 3 

,DIVISION ( LABOR IS ! LAW ( ALL EXI/+ ?+S1 &1 !RE=E1 IT %\LD BE PRES5T 9 HUMAN SOCIETIES4  ,IT IS V]Y POSSIBLE ?AT ?IS IS SO2 BUT /ILL ! QUE/ION REMA9S1 ,( :AT NATURE IS ?AT DIVISION ( LABOR :I* ,I BEHOLD 9 MY HUMAN SOCIETY8 IS IT ?AT DIVISION ( LABOR :I* %\LD EXI/8  ,& IF PEOPLE REG>D A C]TA9 DIVISION ( LABOR AS UNREASONABLE & UNJU/1 !N NO SCI5CE :ATEV] CAN CONV9CE M5 ?AT ?AT %\LD EXI/ :I* !Y REG>D AS UNREASONABLE & UNJU/4 

,DIVISION ( LABOR IS ! CONDITION ( EXI/5CE ( ORGANISMS1 & ( HUMAN SOCIETIES2 BUT :AT1 9 !SE HUMAN SOCIETIES1 IS TO BE REG>D$ AS AN ORGANIC DIVISION ( LABOR8  ,&1 TO :ATEV] EXT5T SCI5CE MAY HAVE 9VE/IGAT$ ! DIVISION ( LABOR 9 ! CELLS ( WORMS1 ALL !SE OBS]VATIONS DO NOT COMPEL A MAN TO ACKN[L$GE ?AT DIVISION ( LABOR TO BE CORRECT :I* HIS [N S5SE & CONSCI5CE DO NOT RECOGNIZE AS CORRECT4  ,NO MATT] H[ CONV9C+ MAY BE ! PRO(S ( ! DIVISION ( LABOR ( ! CELLS 9 ! ORGANISMS /UDI$1 MAN1 IF HE HAS NOT P>T$ ) HIS JUDGM5T1 WILL SAY1 NEV]!LESS1 ?AT A MAN %\LD NOT WEAVE CALICO ALL HIS LIFE1 & ?AT ?IS IS NOT DIVISION ( LABOR1 BUT P]SECUTION ( ! PEOPLE4  ,SP5C] & O!RS SAY ?AT !RE IS A :OLE COMMUNITY ( WEAV]S1 & ?AT ! PR(ESSION ( WEAV+ IS AN ORGANIC DIVISION ( LABOR4  ,!RE >E WEAV]S2 SO1 ( C\RSE1 !RE IS SU* A DIVISION ( LABOR4  ,IT W\LD BE WELL 5\< TO SPEAK ?US IF ! COLONY ( WEAV]S HAD >IS5 BY ! FREE WILL ( ITS MEMB]'S2 BUT WE KN[ ?AT IT IS NOT ?US =M$ ( !IR 9ITIATIVE1 BUT ?AT WE MAKE IT4  ,H5CE IT IS NECESS>Y TO F9D \T :E!R WE HAVE MADE !SE WEAV]S 9 ACCORDANCE ) AN ORGANIC LAW1 OR ) SOME O!R4 

,M5 LIVE4  ,!Y SUPPORT !MSELVES BY AGRICULTURE1 AS IS NATURAL TO ALL M54  ,ONE MAN HAS SET UP A BLACKSMI?'S =GE1 & REPAIR$ HIS PL[2 HIS NEI<BOR COMES TO HIM1 & ASKS HIM TO M5D HIS ALSO1 & PROMISES HIM 9 RETURN EI!R WORK OR MONEY4  ,A ?IRD COMES1 & A F\R?2 & 9 ! COMMUNITY =M$ BY !SE M51 !RE >ISES ! FOLL[+ DIVISION ( LABOR1--A BLACKSMI? IS CREAT$4  ,ANO!R MAN HAS 9/RUCT$ HIS *ILDR5 WELL2 HIS NEI<BOR BR+S HIS *ILDR5 TO HIM1 & REQUE/S HIM TO TEA* !M ALSO1 & A TEA*] IS CREAT$4  ,BUT BO? BLACKSMI? & TEA*] HAVE BE5 CREAT$1 & CONT9UE TO BE SU*1 M]ELY BECAUSE !Y HAVE BE5 ASK$2 & !Y REMA9 SU* AS LONG AS !Y >E REQUE/$ TO BE BLACKSMI? & TEA*]4  ,IF IT %\LD COME TO PASS ?AT MANY BLACKSMI?S & TEA*]S %\LD SET !MSELVES UP1 OR ?AT !IR WORK IS NOT REQUIT$1 !Y WILL IMM$IATELY1 AS COMMON-S5SE DEM&S & AS ALWAYS HAPP5S :5 !RE IS NO OCCASION = DI/URB+ ! REGUL> C\RSE ( DIVISION ( LABOR1--!Y WILL IMM$IATELY AB&ON !IR TRADE1 & BETAKE !MSELVES ONCE MORE TO AGRICULTURE4 

,M5 :O BEHAVE ?US >E GUID$ BY !IR S5SE1 !IR CONSCI5CE2 & H5CE WE1 ! M5 5D[$ ) S5SE & CONSCI5CE1 ALL ASS]T ?AT SU* A DIVISION ( LABOR IS RI<T4  ,BUT IF IT %\LD *ANCE ?AT ! BLACKSMI?S W]E ABLE TO COMPEL O!R PEOPLE TO WORK = !M1 & %\LD CONT9UE TO MAKE HORSE-%OES :5 !Y W]E NOT WANT$1 & IF ! TEA*]S %\LD GO ON TEA*+ :5 !RE WAS NO ONE TO TEA*1 !N IT IS OBVI\S TO EV]Y SANE MAN1 AS A MAN1 I4E41 AS A BE+ 5D[$ ) REASON & CONSCI5CE1 ?AT ?IS W\LD NOT BE DIVISION1 BUT APPROPRIATION1 ( LABOR4  ,& YET PRECISELY ?AT SORT ( ACTIVITY IS :AT IS CALL$ DIVISION ( LABOR BY SCI5TIFIC SCI5CE4  ,PEOPLE DO ?AT :I* O!RS DO NOT ?9K ( REQUIR+1 & DEM& ?AT !Y %ALL BE SUPPORT$ = SO DO+1 & SAY ?AT ?IS IS JU/ BECAUSE IT IS DIVISION ( LABOR4 

,?AT :I* CON/ITUTES ! CAUSE ( ! ECONOMICAL POV]TY ( \R AGE IS :AT ! ,5GLI% CALL OV]-PRODUCTION 7:I* MEANS ?AT A MASS ( ?+S >E MADE :I* >E ( NO USE TO ANYBODY1 & ) :I* NO?+ CAN BE DONE74 

,IT W\LD BE ODD TO SEE A %OEMAK]1 :O %\LD CONSID] ?AT PEOPLE W]E B\ND TO FE$ HIM BECAUSE HE 9CESSANTLY MADE BOOTS :I* HAD BE5 ( NO USE TO ANY ONE = A LONG TIME2 BUT :AT %ALL WE SAY ( ?OSE M5 :O MAKE NO?+1--:O NOT ONLY PRODUCE NO?+ ?AT IS VISIBLE1 BUT NO?+ ?AT IS ( USE = PEOPLE AT L>GE1--= :OSE W>ES !RE >E NO CU/OM]S1 & :O YET DEM&1 ) ! SAME BOLDNESS1 ON ! GR\ND ( DIVISION ( LABOR1 ?AT !Y %ALL BE SUPPLI$ ) F9E FOOD & DR9K1 & ?AT !Y %ALL BE DRESS$ WELL8  ,!RE MAY BE1 & !RE >E1 SORC]]S = :OSE S]VICES A DEM& MAKES ITSELF FELT1 & = ?IS PURPOSE !RE >E BR\<T TO !M PANCAKES & FLASKS2 BUT IT IS DIFFICULT TO IMAG9E ! EXI/5CE ( SORC]]S :OSE SPELLS >E USELESS TO EV]Y ONE1 & :O BOLDLY DEM& ?AT !Y %ALL BE LUXURI\SLY SUPPORT$ BECAUSE !Y EX]CISE SORC]Y4  ,& IT IS ! SAME 9 \R WORLD4  ,& ALL ?IS COMES AB\T ON ! BASIS ( ?AT FALSE CONCEPTION ( ! DIVISION ( LABOR1 :I* IS DEF9$ NOT BY REASON & CONSCI5CE1 BUT BY OBS]VATION1 :I* M5 ( SCI5CE AV[ ) SU* UNANIMITY4 

,DIVISION ( LABOR HAS1 9 REALITY1 ALWAYS EXI/$1 & /ILL EXI/S2 BUT IT IS RI<T ONLY :5 MAN DECIDES ) HIS REASON & HIS CONSCI5CE ?AT IT %\LD BE SO1 & NOT :5 HE M]ELY 9VE/IGATES IT4  ,& REASON & CONSCI5CE DECIDE ! QUE/ION = ALL M5 V]Y SIMPLY1 UNANIM\SLY1 & 9 A MANN] NOT TO BE D\BT$4  ,!Y ALWAYS DECIDE IT ?US3 ?AT DIVISION ( LABOR IS RI<T ONLY :5 A SPECIAL BRAN* ( MAN'S ACTIVITY IS SO NE$FUL TO M51 ?AT !Y1 5TREAT+ HIM TO S]VE !M1 VOLUNT>ILY PROPOSE TO SUPPORT HIM 9 REQUITAL = ?AT :I* HE %ALL DO = !M4  ,BUT1 :5 A MAN CAN LIVE FROM 9FANCY TO ! AGE ( ?IRTY YE>S ON ! NECKS ( O!RS1 PROMIS+ TO DO1 :5 HE %ALL HAVE BE5 TAU<T1 SOME?+ EXTREMELY USEFUL1 = :I* NO ONE ASKS HIM2 & :51 FROM ! AGE ( ?IRTY UNTIL HIS DEA?1 HE CAN LIVE 9 ! SAME MANN]1 /ILL M]ELY ON ! PROMISE TO DO SOME?+1 = :I* !RE HAS BE5 NO REQUE/1 ?IS WILL NOT BE DIVISION ( LABOR 7&1 AS A MATT] ( FACT1 !RE IS NO SU* ?+ 9 \R SOCIETY71 BUT IT WILL BE :AT IT ALREADY IS1--M]ELY ! APPROPRIATION1 BY =CE1 ( ! TOIL ( O!RS2 ?AT SAME APPROPRIATION BY =CE ( ! TOIL ( O!RS :I* ! PHILOSOPH]S =M]LY DESIGNAT$ BY V>I\S NAMES1--= 9/ANCE1 AS 9DISP5SABLE =MS ( LIFE1--BUT :I* SCI5TIFIC SCI5CE N[ CALLS ! ORGANIC DIVISION ( LABOR4 

,! :OLE SIGNIFICANCE ( SCI5TIFIC SCI5CE LIES 9 ?IS ALONE4  ,IT HAS N[ BECOME A DI/RIBUTOR ( DIPLOMAS = IDL5ESS2 = IT ALONE1 9 ITS SANCTU>IES1 SELECTS & DET]M9ES :AT IS P>ASITICAL1 & :AT IS ORGANIC ACTIVITY1 9 ! SOCIAL ORGANISM4  ,JU/ AS ?\< EV]Y MAN C\LD NOT F9D ?IS \T = HIMSELF MU* MORE ACCURATELY & MORE SPE$ILY1 BY TAK+ C\NSEL ( HIS REASON & HIS CONSCI5CE4  ,IT SEEMS TO M5 ( SCI5TIFIC SCI5CE1 ?AT !RE CAN BE NO D\BT ( ?IS1 & ?AT !IR ACTIVITY IS ALSO 9DUBITABLY ORGANIC2 !Y1 ! SCI5TIFIC & >TI/IC WORK]S1 >E ! BRA9 CELLS1 & ! MO/ PRECI\S CELLS 9 ! :OLE ORGANISM4 

,EV] S9CE M5--REASON+ BE+S--HAVE EXI/$1 !Y HAVE DI/+UI%$ GOOD FROM EVIL1 & HAVE PR(IT$ BY ! FACT ?AT M5 HAVE MADE ?IS DI/9CTION BE=E !M2 !Y HAVE W>R$ AGA9/ EVIL1 & HAVE S\<T ! GOOD1 & HAVE SL[LY BUT UN9T]RUPT$LY ADVANC$ 9 ?AT PA?4  ,& DIV]SE DELUSIONS HAVE ALWAYS /OOD BE=E M51 HEMM+ 9 ?IS PA?1 & HAV+ = !IR OBJECT TO DEMON/RATE TO !M1 ?AT IT WAS NOT NECESS>Y TO DO ?IS1 & ?AT IT WAS NOT NECESS>Y TO LIVE AS !Y W]E LIV+4  ,) FE>FUL CONFLICT & DIFFICULTY1 M5 HAVE FRE$ !MSELVES FROM MANY DELUSIONS4  ,& BEHOLD1 A NEW & A /ILL MORE EVIL DELUSION HAS SPRUNG UP 9 ! PA? ( MANK9D1--! SCI5TIFIC DELUSION4 

,?IS NEW DELUSION IS PRECISELY ! SAME 9 NATURE AS ! OLD ONES2 ITS GI/ LIES 9 SECRETLY LEAD+ A/RAY ! ACTIVITY ( \R REASON & CONSCI5CE1 & ( ?OSE :O HAVE LIV$ BE=E US1 BY SOME?+ EXT]NAL4  ,9 SCI5TIFIC SCI5CE1 ?IS EXT]NAL ?+ IS--9VE/IGATION4 

,! CUNN+ ( ?IS SCI5CE CONSI/S 9 ?IS1--?AT1 AFT] PO9T+ \T TO M5 ! CO>SE/ FALSE 9T]PRETATIONS ( ! ACTIVITY ( ! REASON & CONSCI5CE ( MAN1 IT DE/ROYS 9 !M FAI? 9 !IR [N REASON & CONSCI5CE1 & ASSURES !M ?AT EV]Y ?+ :I* !IR REASON & CONSCI5CE SAY TO !M1 ?AT ALL ?AT !SE HAVE SAID TO ! L(TIE/ REPRES5TATIVES ( MAN H]ET(ORE1 EV] S9CE ! WORLD HAS EXI/$1--?AT ALL ?IS IS CONV5TIONAL & SUBJECTIVE4  0,ALL ?IS MU/ BE AB&ON$10 !Y SAY2 0IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO UND]/& ! TRU? BY ! REASON1 = WE MAY BE MI/AK54  ,BUT !RE EXI/S ANO!R UN]R+ & ALMO/ ME*ANICAL PA?3 IT IS NECESS>Y TO 9VE/IGATE FACTS40 

,BUT FACTS MU/ BE 9VE/IGAT$ ON ! F\NDATION ( SCI5TIFIC SCI5CE1 I4E41 ( ! TWO HYPO!SES ( POSITIVISM & EVOLUTION1 :I* >E NOT BORNE \T BY ANY ?+1 & :I* GIVE !MSELVES \T AS UND\BT$ TRU?S4  ,& ! REIGN+ SCI5CE ANN\NCES1 ) DELUSIVE SOLEMNITY1 ?AT ! SOLUTION ( ALL PROBLEMS ( LIFE IS POSSIBLE ONLY ?R\< ! /UDY ( FACTS1 ( NATURE1 &1 9 P>TICUL>1 ( ORGANISMS4  ,! CR$UL\S MASS ( Y\NG PEOPLE1 OV]:ELM$ BY ! NOVELTY ( ?IS AU?ORITY1 :I* HAS NOT YET BE5 OV]?R[N OR EV5 T\*$ BY CRITICISM1 FL+S ITSELF 9TO ! /UDY ( NATURAL SCI5CES1 9TO ?AT SOLE PA?1 :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ! ASS]TION ( ! REIGN+ SCI5CE1 CAN LEAD TO ! ELUCIDATION ( ! PROBLEMS ( LIFE4 

,BUT ! F>!R ! DISCIPLES PROCE$ 9 ?IS /UDY1 ! F>!R & F>!R DOES NOT ONLY ! POSSIBILITY1 BUT EV5 ! V]Y IDEA1 ( ! SOLUTION ( ! PROBLEMS ( LIFE )DRAW FROM !M1 & ! MORE & MORE DO !Y BECOME ACCU/OM$1 NOT SO MU* TO 9VE/IGATE1 AS TO BELIEVE 9 ! ASS]TIONS ( O!R 9VE/IGATORS 7TO BELIEVE 9 CELLS1 9 PROTOPLASM1 9 ! F\R? CONDITION ( BODIES1 & SO =?72 ! MORE & MORE DOES ! =M VEIL ! CONT5TS FROM !M2 ! MORE & MORE DO !Y LOSE ! CONSCI\SNESS ( GOOD & EVIL1 & ! CAPACITY ( UND]/&+ ?OSE EXPRESSIONS & DEF9ITIONS ( GOOD & EVIL :I* HAVE BE5 ELABORAT$ ?R\< ! :OLE =EGO+ LIFE ( MANK9D2 & ! MORE & MORE DO !Y APPROPRIATE TO !MSELVES ! SPECIAL SCI5TIFIC J>GON ( CONV5TIONAL EXPRESSIONS1 :I* POSSESSES NO UNIV]SALLY HUMAN SIGNIFICANCE2 & ! DEEP] & DEEP] DO !Y PLUNGE 9TO ! DEBRIS ( UTT]LY UNILLUM9AT$ 9VE/IGATIONS2 ! MORE & MORE DO !Y LOSE ! P[]1 NOT ONLY ( 9DEP5D5T ?\<T1 BUT EV5 ( UND]/&+ ! FRE% HUMAN ?\<T ( O!RS1 :I* LIES BEYOND ! B\NDS ( !IR ,TALMUD4  ,BUT ! PR9CIPAL ?+ IS1 ?AT !Y PASS !IR BE/ YE>S 9 GETT+ DISUS$ TO LIFE2 !Y GR[ ACCU/OM$ TO CONSID] !IR POSITION AS JU/IFIABLE2 & !Y CONV]T !MSELVES PHYSICALLY 9TO UTT]LY USELESS P>ASITES1 & M5TALLY !Y DISLOCATE !IR BRA9S & BECOME M5TAL EUNU*S4  ,& 9 PRECISELY ! SAME MANN]1 ACCORD+ TO ! MEASURE ( !IR FOLLY1 DO !Y ACQUIRE SELF-CONCEIT1 :I* DEPRIVES !M =EV] ( ALL POSSIBILITY ( RETURN TO A SIMPLE LIFE ( TOIL1 TO A SIMPLE1 CLE>1 & UNIV]SALLY HUMAN TRA9 ( REASON+4 

,DIVISION ( LABOR ALWAYS HAS EXI/$ 9 HUMAN COMMUNITIES1 & WILL PROBABLY ALWAYS EXI/2 BUT ! QUE/ION = US LIES NOT 9 ! FACT ?AT IT HAS EXI/$1 & ?AT IT WILL EXI/1 BUT 9 ?IS1--H[ >E WE TO GOV]N \RSELVES SO ?AT ?IS DIVISION %ALL BE RI<T8  ,BUT IF WE TAKE 9VE/IGATION AS \R RULE ( ACTION1 WE BY ?IS V]Y ACT REPUDIATE ALL RULE2 !N 9 ?AT CASE WE %ALL REG>D AS RI<T EV]Y DIVISION ( LABOR :I* WE %ALL DESCRY AMONG M51 & :I* APPE>S TO US TO BE RI<T--TO :I* CONCLUSION ! PREVAIL+ SCI5TIFIC SCI5CE ALSO LEADS4 

,DIVISION ( LABOR6 

,SOME >E BUSI$ 9 M5TAL OR MORAL1 O!RS 9 MUSCUL> OR PHYSICAL1 LABOR4  ,) :AT CONFID5CE PEOPLE 5UNCIATE ?IS6  ,!Y WI% TO ?9K SO1 & IT SEEMS TO !M ?AT1 9 PO9T ( FACT1 A P]FECTLY REGUL> EX*ANGE ( S]VICES DOES TAKE PLACE4 

,BUT WE1 9 \R BL9DNESS1 HAVE SO COMPLETELY LO/ SI<T ( ! RESPONSIBILITY :I* WE HAVE ASSUM$1 ?AT WE HAVE EV5 =GOTT5 9 :OSE NAME \R LABOR IS PROSECUT$2 & ! V]Y PEOPLE :OM WE HAVE UND]TAK5 TO S]VE HAVE BECOME ! OBJECTS ( \R SCI5TIFIC & >TI/IC ACTIVITY4  ,WE /UDY & DEPICT !M = \R AMUSEM5T & DIV]SION4  ,WE HAVE TOTALLY =GOTT5 ?AT :AT WE NE$ TO DO IS NOT TO /UDY & DEPICT !M1 BUT TO S]VE !M4  ,TO SU* A DEGREE HAVE WE LO/ SI<T ( ?IS DUTY :I* WE HAVE TAK5 UPON US1 ?AT WE HAVE NOT EV5 NOTIC$ ?AT :AT WE HAVE UND]TAK5 TO P]=M 9 ! REALM ( SCI5CE & >T HAS BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ NOT BY US1 BUT BY O!RS1 & ?AT \R PLACE HAS TURN$ \T TO BE OCCUPI$4 

,IT PROVES ?AT :ILE WE HAVE BE5 DISPUT+1 ONE AB\T ! SPONTANE\S ORIG9 ( ORGANISMS1 ANO!R AS TO :AT ELSE !RE IS 9 PROTOPLASM1 & SO ON1 ! COMMON PEOPLE HAVE BE5 9 NE$ ( SPIRITUAL FOOD2 & ! UNSUCCESSFUL & REJECT$ ( >T & SCI5CE1 9 OB$I5CE TO ! M&ATE ( ADV5TUR]S :O HAVE 9 VIEW ! SOLE AIM ( PR(IT1 HAVE BEGUN TO FURNI% ! PEOPLE ) ?IS SPIRITUAL FOOD1 & /ILL SO FURNI% !M4  ,= ! LA/ =TY YE>S 9 ,EUROPE1 & = ! LA/ T5 YE>S ) US H]E 9 ,RUSSIA1 MILLIONS ( BOOKS & PICTURES & SONG-BOOKS HAVE BE5 DI/RIBUT$1 & /ALLS HAVE BE5 OP5$1 & ! PEOPLE GAZE & S+ & RECEIVE SPIRITUAL N\RI%M5T1 BUT NOT FROM US :O HAVE UND]TAK5 TO PROVIDE IT2 :ILE WE1 JU/IFY+ \R IDL5ESS BY ?AT SPIRITUAL FOOD :I* WE >E SUPPOS$ TO FURNI%1 SIT BY & W9K AT IT4 

,BUT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE = US TO W9K AT IT1 = \R LA/ JU/IFICATION IS SLIPP+ FROM B5EA? \R FEET4  ,WE HAVE BECOME SPECIALIZ$4  ,WE HAVE \R P>TICUL> FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY4  ,WE >E ! BRA9S ( ! PEOPLE4  ,!Y SUPPORT US1 & WE HAVE UND]TAK5 TO TEA* !M4  ,IT IS ONLY UND] ?IS PRET5SE ?AT WE HAVE EXCUS$ \RSELVES FROM WORK4  ,BUT :AT HAVE WE TAU<T !M1 & :AT >E WE N[ TEA*+ !M8  ,!Y HAVE WAIT$ = YE>S--= T5S1 = HUNDR$S ( YE>S4  ,& WE KEEP ON DIV]T+ \R M9DS ) *ATT]1 & WE 9/RUCT EA* O!R1 & WE CONSOLE \RSELVES1 & WE HAVE UTT]LY =GOTT5 !M4  ,WE HAVE SO 5TIRELY =GOTT5 !M1 ?AT O!RS HAVE UND]TAK5 TO 9/RUCT !M1 & WE HAVE NOT EV5 P]CEIV$ IT4  ,WE HAVE SPOK5 ( ! DIVISION ( LABOR ) SU* LACK ( S]I\SNESS1 ?AT IT IS OBVI\S ?AT :AT WE HAVE SAID AB\T ! B5EFITS :I* WE HAVE CONF]R$ ON ! PEOPLE WAS SIMPLY A %AMELESS EVASION4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahhf 3 ,*APT] #c -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#d1 #bb 3 ,*APT] #c -- ,ADD$4 

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