,ON ! ,NE$ = ,9TOL]ANCE 

#ahia 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,B]N>D ,LAZ>E 

,TEXT 3 

,TOL]ANCE IS ! *>ACT]I/IC ( AGES )\T BELIEFS1 IT IS ! VIRTUE ( SPIRITS )\T FAI?4 

,9TOL]ANCE IS ! LEAV5+ ( GREAT IDEAS2 IT IS ! VIRTUE ( GR& IDEAS1 ! VIRTUE ( VIGOR\S & GREAT S\LS4 ,NO?+ IS WOR? AS MU* AS :AT WE ?9K1 O!RWISE WE ?9K NO?+1 WE BELIEVE NO?+4 

,! TRU? ( !SE TWO AXIOMS ONLY CEAS$ BE+ OBVI\S ! DAY IT WAS DESIR$ TO BASE SOCIAL RELATIONS ON MUTUAL HYPOCRISY1 :5 IT BECAME NECESS>Y TO =GIVE \R NEI<BOR'S VISES 9 ORD] TO =GET \R [N4 ,& SO N[ ! REPROA* ( 9TOL]ANCE HAS BECOME ! MO/ T]RIBLE ONE ?AT CAN BE ADDRESS$ TO ANY MAN :O1 DUE TO ! EXALTATION & AFFIRMATION ( HIS [N OP9IONS1 T5DS TO TR\BLE ! CU/OM>Y PEACE4 

,FROM ?IS TIME =W>D1 ANY POLICY ?AT DOESN'T B5EVOL5TLY ASSURE ?AT ALL =MS ( GOV]NM5T >E GOOD1 ! APO/LE :O DOESN'T SALUTE ! RIVAL RELIGION ) GOOD-NATURE1 ! CRITIC :O REFUSES TO SPEAK ( ALL WORKS ) ! SAME BANAL 9DIFF]5CE1 ALL ( !SE WILL RECEIVE NO?+ BUT ! HATR$ ( !IR FELL[ CITIZ5S1 (F5D$ 9 !IR REPOSE & TRANQUILITY4 

,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT TOL]ANCE IS ! OBLIGATION ( HE :O JUDGES4 ,HE :O SEEKS ! BEAUTIFUL :]EV] IT IS CAPABLE ( %[+ ITSELF CAN F9D IT 9 ,%AKESPE>E & ,ALI<I]I1 9 ,GOE! & ,RABELAIS4 ,BUT WASN'T IT ,GOE!'S DUTY TO ADMIT TO BE BEAUTIFUL ONLY ?AT :I* ,GOE! SAW8 ,& :AT P[]FUL REASON C\LD HAVE 9CIT$ HIM TO WRITE 0,FAU/' IF HE HAD P]CEIV$ ALONGSIDE ?IS POEM SOME?+ ( AN EQUAL BEAUTY4 ,! >TI/ MU/ BE 9TOL]ANT1 JU/ AS ! PHILOSOPH] IS 9TOL]ANT1 ! SOCIOLOGI/ IS 9TOL]ANT1 & ! PRIE/ IS 9TOL]ANT4 

,NO BE+ ANIMAT$ BY A S9C]E FAI?1 VALIANT & =W>D LOOK+ WILL ADMIT !RE IS A BETT] OR EV5 EQUIVAL5T FAI?4 ,IF HE ADMITS !RE'S A BETT] ONE1 :Y DIDN'T HE *OOSE IT8 ,& IF HE PREF]R$ A M$IOCRE IDEAL TO A SUP]IOR ONE ISN'T HE LIKE A POOR MADMAN :O CA/S ASIDE AN 9E/IMABLE P]FUME 9 ORD] TO SATISFY HIMSELF ) A VAGUE ODOR8 ,IF HE CONCEIVES ( A FAI? EQUIVAL5T TO HIS HE CAN ONLY DECIDE TO *OOSE BY VIRTUE ( CONSID]ATIONS EXT]IOR TO ?AT V]Y FAI?1 & 9 TRU? HE WILL BE )\T CONVICTIONS OR BELIEF4 

,NO?+ ?AT HAS BE5 GREAT 9 ?IS WORLD WAS F\ND$ ) TOL]ANCE1 & SECT>IANS ALONE HAVE BE5 CREATORS4 ,CAN Y\ IMAG9E ! FA!RS ( ! ,CA?OLIC *UR* MAK+ ROOM = ! PONTIFFS ( ,CYBELE & ,ORIG9US SAY+ TO ,CELSIUS3 0,MAYBE WE'RE BO? RI<T40 ,DO Y\ SEE ,LU!R SAY+ TO ! ,POPE3 0,WE CAN COME TO AN AGREEM5T10 & ! ,JACOB9S ( '#i#c MURMUR+ TO ! EMIGRES3 0,EV]YONE IS RI<T40 ,9 ! SYMBOLIC DEBATE BETWE5 ,QUE5 ,ATAHALIE & ! Y\NG ,JOAS1 IT'S ,JOAS :O IS 9 ! RI<T3 0,HE ALONE IS ,GOD1 ,MADAME1 & Y\RS IS NO?+10 HE SAYS4 ,ONLY \R IDEAL IS GOD1 ! O!RS >E NO?+4 ,SO EV]Y SPIRIT MU/ D5Y & REJECT ?AT :I* MAKES IT SUFF] & CAN ONLY ADMIT ?\<TS ?AT DO NOT CONTRADICT ITS NORM4 ,?IS IS ! VITAL CONDITION = ITS DREAMS & !IR REALIZATION4 

,NEV]!LESS1 REASONS HAVE NOT BE5 LACK+ = ?OSE :O ADVOCATE TOL]ANCE1 & !Y CAN BE R$UC$ TO TWO K9DS1 & !IR PROBABILITY HAS !IR S\RCE 9 TWO ]RORS4 

,!RE IS NO ABSOLUTE ,BEAUTY1 IT IS SAID1 & SO :AT RI<T IS !RE TO CONDEMN & PURSUE C]TA9 =MS8 ,9 ACCEPT+ ?IS NEGATION ( ! ET]NAL IDEA ( ,BEAUTY - :I* MU/ YET BE JU/IFI$ - IT IS EASY TO SEE ?AT ?IS MOTIVE CAN ONLY BE PUT =W>D BY A FOOL OR A SYCOPHANT1 = A CREATOR DOESN'T FI<T = ABSOLUTE ,BEAUTY1 OR = ! ESS5TIAL ,GOOD1 NOR = ! ET]NALLY ,TRUE1 BUT = HIS IDEA ( ,BEAUTY1 ! ,GOOD OR ! ,TRUE4 ,& SO HE FI<TS = HIS [N EXI/5CE1 HE MU/ BE SECT>IAN = HIS [N PRES]VATION3 HIS 9TOL]ANCE WILL BE HIS SAFEGU>D4 ,CAN WE ASK ! HUMAN BODY TO ACCEPT HO/ILE MATT]1 MORTAL TOX9S1 DANG]\S MICROBES8 ,NO4 ,:Y !N ASK ( ! SPIRIT TO RECEIVE DISORGANIZ+ PR9CIPLES1 TO ELECT V5OM\S IDEAS1 TO CONS5T TO !ORIES 5EMY TO ITS SUB/ANCE8 ,& YET IT IS ! PROPAGATORS ( TOL]ANCE :O1 AS PURE MORALI/S1 CONDEMN SUICIDE & HATE DES]TION4 ,IF !Y DIDN'T SEE 9 !SE TWO ACTS ONLY ! LOSS ( A USEFUL TAXPAY] OR A NECESS>Y SOLDI] !Y W\LD RECOGNIZE ?AT ! FALL ( ! 9TELLIG5CE IS MU* MORE TO BE FE>$1 = NO BELIEV] W\LD WANT TO DES]T IF HE KNEW H[ TO PROTECT HIS BELIEF4 ,& :AT BETT] DEF5SE ( FAI? IF NOT 9TOL]ANCE8 

,IT IS SAID ?AT = ! GOOD H>MONY ( !IR COMMON RELATIONS1 9 ORD] TO FACILITATE ! PLEASURES ( !IR MUTUAL RELATIONS1 M5 %\LD PRACTICE TOL]ANCE4 ,?IS AFFIRMATION IS AT ONE & ! SAME TIME TOO BROAD & TOO N>R[4 ,TO BE SURE1 A GOV]NM5T MU/ BE TOL]ANT1 = IT MU/ PROTECT ALL ! 9DIVIDUALS IT LEADS & IT MU/ SEE TO IT ?AT IT ! OP9IONS1 :ATEV] !Y MI<T BE1 ( ?OSE CITIZ5S :O HAVE ACCEPT$ ITS SUPREMACY BE RESPECT$4 ,?AT IS1 IT MU/ SCRUPUL\SLY TOL]ATE ! V>I\S 9TOL]ANCES ( ITS CON/ITU5TS4 ,BUT SECTS & P>TIES DON'T HAVE ! SAME OBLIGATIONS VIS-A-VIS ! GOV]NM5T1 S9CE MANY PR(ESS DOGMAS OPPOS$ TO ! CON/ITUT$ DOGMAS 9 P[]4 ,A GOV]NM5T ?AT P]SECUTES BO? ,CA?OLICISM & AN>*ISM IS AS ILLOGICAL AS A GOV]NM5T ?AT P]SECUTES ,FREE-MASONRY & A!ISM1 = IT FAILS 9 ITS MO/ OBVI\S OBLIGATION1 :I* IS TO NOT FAVOR ANY GR\P ( 9DIVIDUALS AT ! EXP5SE ( ANO!R GR\P1 & TO E/ABLI% ! BE/ POSSIBLE EQUILIBRIUM BETWE5 ! DIFF]5T CONFESSIONS4 

,9 ! SAME WAY TOL]ANCE IS 9DISP5SABLE TO ! S*OL> & ! SCI5TI/1 = AMONG !M 9TOL]ANCE W\LD BE AN ABSURD ATTITUDE S9CE IT W\LD CONSI/ 9 D5Y+ BY VIRTUE ( A PRIORI PR9CIPLES ! NOTIONS FURNI%$ BY EXP]I5CE4 ,S9CE ! S*OL> CAN ONLY BASE HIS HYPO!SES ON ! EXACT OBS]VATION ( PH5OM5A IT IS NOT P]MITT$ HIM TO REJECT ?OSE FACTS ?AT CONTRADICT HIS ACQUIR$ NOTIONS4 

,AS = PHILOSOPHICAL1 SOCIOLOGICAL1 RELIGI\S1 OR >TI/IC TOL]ANCE1 !Y >E ALL WOR?Y ( CONDEMNATION & EV5 CONTEMPT1 = 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS !Y >E NO?+ BUT A MANIFE/ATION ( SKEPTICISM4 ,?OSE :O ) ADMIRATION >E CALL$ ! ,TOL]ANT >E ?OSE :OSE WEAK S\LS HAVE NEV] >RIV$ AT A BELIEF ( ANY K9D3 ONCE ,M4 ,VOLTAIRE1 TODAY ,M4 ,R5AN4 ,ALL ?OSE ON ! CONTR>Y :O LABOR1 ALL ! D>+ ONES1 ! 9NOVATORS W]E FANATICS & 9TOL]ANT2 ALL ?OSE :O WANT TO 9NOVATE & CREATE MU/ BE 9TOL]ANT & FANATICS4 ,!Y MU/ *ASE F> FROM !MSELVES ANY IDEA1 ANY VISION HO/ILE TO !IR DREAM1 ANY DOGMA ?AT NEGATES ! IDEAL !Y WANT TO PURSUE & ?AT !Y HOPE TO REA*4 ,!Y %\LD FI<T = ! EXI/5CE ( !IR IDEA ! SAME WAY !Y'D FI<T = ! PRES]VATION ( !IR 5]GY1 ! SAME WAY !Y'D FI<T = LIFE4 ,!Y %\LDN'T LI/5 TO ! 9DIFF]5T OR FOOLS1 & !Y %\LD KN[ ?AT ! DAY !Y R5\NCE !IR ATTITUDE1 ! DAY !Y R5\NCE ! DEF5SE ( ! IVORY T[] 9 :I* !Y'VE 5CLOS$ !IR DREAM1 !Y WILL LOSE ANY P[] ( SEE+ IT SUCCE$4 

,:OEV] Y\ MI<T BE1 Y\NG PEOPLE3 A!I/S OR ,CA?OLICS1 CONS]VATIVES OR AN>*I/S1 NATURALI/S1 PSY*OLOGI/S OR SYMBOLI/S1 IF Y\R FAI? IS S9C]E1 IF Y\ HAV5'T *OS5 !M = REASONS Y\ CAN'T CONFESS TO OR ?AT >E L[1 BUT RA!R FREELY & 9 KEEP+ ) ! NATURAL DISPOSITION ( Y\R SPIRIT1 BE 9TOL]ANT6 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahia 3 ,ON ! ,NE$ = ,9TOL]ANCE -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #a#h1 #bb 3 ,ON ! ,NE$ = ,9TOL]ANCE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,ON ! ,NE$ = ,9TOL]ANCE -- ,UPDAT$4 

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