,*APT] #a 
,RUSSIA 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&] ,%LIAPNIKOV 

,TEXT 3 

,9 ,A,P,R,I,L #a#i#a#d1 AFT] SIX YE>S ( W&]+ >\ND ! WORK%OPS & FACTORIES ( ,FRANCE1 ,G]MANY & ,5GL&1 ,I SAFELY CROSS$ ! FRONTI] C>RY+ ! PASSPORT ( A ,FR5* CITIZ51 ,JACOB ,NOE1 & REA*$ ,PET]SBURG1 MY NATIVE CITY1 N[ R$ & ALREADY A SEE?+ CAULDRON ( REVOLUTION>Y 5]GY4 ,IT HAD JU/ SE5 A POLITICAL /RIKE ON ! ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,L5A %OOT+S & WAS PREP>+ TO CELEBRATE ,MAY ,DAY4 

,I W5T R\ND ! WORK+-CLASS DI/RICTS1 ! PLANTS & FACTORIES1 ! SAME OLD WALLS & HOOT]S :I* 9VOLUNT>ILY >\S$ MEMORIES ( ! H]OIC P]IOD ( ! ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IAT'S /RUGGLE BETWE5 #ai & #a#i#g4 ,I WAS DRAWN T[>DS MY NATIVE B5*1 & WANT$ TO SUBM]GE MYSELF 9 ?OSE TOO!D1 CRANK$1 NOISY SURR\ND+S1 SO ,I DECID$ TO TURN D[N AN HONORABLE & DI/+UI%$ PO/ AS A P>TY (FICIAL 0AT ! C5T]0 & GO TO A PLANT4 

,I S\<T \T ! PREMISES ( ! ,PET]SBURG ,METALWORK]S' ,UNION ON ! ,PET]SBURG BANK4 ,!RE ,I GOT TO KN[ ! UNION'S SECRET>Y & SEV]AL MEMB]S ( ! /AFF & PRES5T$ MY ,P>IS ,ME*ANICS' ,UNION C>D1 ASK+ = ASSI/ANCE 9 MY SE>* = WORK4 ,I RECEIV$ SOME G5]AL 9=MATION AB\T OPPORTUNITIES = TURN]S1 & A FEW CONTACTS4 ,I DELIB]ATELY AVOID$ VISIT+ ! $ITORS ( \R NEWSPAP]S 9 P]SON4 ,MY UNUSUAL ILLEGAL /ATUS - BE+ A =EIGN] 9 MY [N C\NTRY - REQUIR$ EXTRA CAUTION4 ,MY DESIRE TO LIVE & WORK = A :ILE 9 ! V]Y ?ICK ( ! ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IAT B>R$ ME FROM VISIT+ PO9TS WAT*$ ESPECIALLY BY ! ,OKHRANA4 

,! NE$ TO F9D WORK AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE PROMPT$ ME TO MAKE A P]SONAL TRIP >\ND ! WORK%OPS & PLANTS4 ,! 5G9E]S & =EM5 GREET$ ME AS A 0=EIGN]0 QUITE C\RTE\SLY1 BUT ! 0ALI50 ORIG9 ( MY PASSPORT OBLIG$ ME TO BREAK MY NATIVE TONGUE & (T51 = ! SAKE ( APPE>ANCE1 TO RESORT TO ! AID ( A ,RUSSIAN-,FR5* DICTION>Y :I* ,I ALWAYS C>RI$ ) ME4 ,SOME KN[L$GE ( ,G]MAN ALL[$ ME TO F9D WORK ON ! ,VYBORG BANK 9 ! FIR/ 5G9E]+ %OP AT ! ,NEW ,LESSN] ,WORKS4 ,! =EMAN1 A ,BALTIC ,G]MAN1 QUICKLY PUT ME ON %IFT WORK AT A LA!4 

,! WORK]S RECEIV$ ME ) UNDISGUIS$ CURIOSITY BUT ) GOOD WILL4 ,! ONLY ?+ WAS ?AT MY RELIEF PROV$ TO BE A DR9K] & (T5 SLEPT ON HIS %IFT1 SO ,I HAD TO WORK ! TWO4 ,MY WORKMATES W]E A ,F9NI% TURN] & A ,RUSSIAN MILL+-MA*9E OP]ATOR1 A GOOD WORKMAN & SOME?+ ( A WOMANIZ]4 ,I /UCK \T ! FIR/ DAYS CAUTI\SLY TO WAIT & SEE4 ,I C\LD NOT KEEP UP EMPTY CONV]SATION1 & :5 ,I HAD HAD 5\< ( SMALL TALK ,I GOT \T ( IT BY MY 9COMPREH5SION ( ! LANGUAGE4 ,BUT ,I W\LD WILL+LY ANSW] ANY S]I\S QUE/IONS & A 0CLUB0 ( VISITORS1 ! MO/ CONSCI\S WORK]S 9 ! %OP1 SOON =M$ >\ND MY B5*4 ,COMRADES W]E QUICK TO GIVE ME A RUN-D[N ON LOCAL LIFE & P>TY WORK4 ,I WAS BECOM+ A REF]5CE-BOOK ON ! POSITION ( WORK]S 9 O!R C\NTRIES1 & ON ! !ORY & PRACTICE ( SOCIALISM & SYNDICALISM4 ,SOME CAME TO ME 9QUIR+ :E!R ,I KNEW ,L591 ,M>TOV OR O!R EXILES :O W]E WELL KN[N AT ?AT TIME4 ,TICKLI% QUE/IONS AB\T MY ACQUA9TANCE ) ,L59 & O!RS HAD TO BE EVAD$ ) G5]AL REPLIES LIKE 0,H[ C\LD ,I HELP KN[+ !M80 & SO ON4 ,! ,PET]SBURG]S W]E HI<LY 9T]E/$ 9 ! LIVES ( !IR [N PEOPLE & ,I WANT$ TO TELL !M1 BUT ?IS WAS RISKY4 

,! SPR+ & SUMM] ( #aiad WAS ! HI< PO9T ( \R P>TY'S /RUGGLE AGA9/ LIQUIDATIONISM4 ,! POLEMICS BETWE5 ,PRAVDA & ,LU* HAD DEVELOP$ SU* ACRIMONY ?AT WORK]S AT ! GRASS ROOTS FROM BO? W>R+ FACTIONS BEGAN TO TALK ( ! NE$ = SOME CONTROL OV] !IR PAP]S4 ,A GA!R+ ( S]I\S-M9D$ WORK]S FROM ,]ICSSON & ,LESSN] FACTORIES WAS HELD 9 ! ALLOTM5T NE>E/ ! WORKS1 :]E WE />T$ A DISCUSSION NOT AB\T ! TONE BUT AB\T ! ESS5CE ( ! DIFF]5CES1 & ! 0,PRAVDA-ITES0 DID NOT HAVE MU* DIFFICULTY 9 DEMON/RAT+ TO ! 0,M5%EVIK0 WORK]S ! :OLE HYPOCRISY ( ! 0,LU*-ITES01 ! LIQUIDATORS ( ! P>TY'S REVOLUTION>Y TRADITIONS1 :O HAD CLAD !MSELVES 9 ! %9+ >MOR ( ! 0UNITY ( ! WORK]S' P>TY04 

,MAY ,DAY WAS APPROA*+4 ,AS OPPOS$ TO ,WE/ ,EUROPEAN WORK]S1 :O W\LD AGITATE = /AY+ AWAY FROM WORK ?AT DAY & P>TICIPAT+ 9 OP5 RALLIES ORGANIZ$ BY ! P>TY1 ! ,PET]SBURG]S AGITAT$ = WORK]S TO ASSEMBLE 9 ! FACTORIES AT ! NORMAL TIME1 & !N TO WALK \T ( !M DEMON/RATIVELY 9 AN ORGANIZ$ FA%ION4 ,ON ,MAY ,DAY MORN+ ! ,NEW ,LESSN] PROLET>IANS CAME TO WORK AT ! USUAL TIME BUT 9/EAD ( />T+ WORK GA!R$ 9 ! Y>D AMID ! /ACKS ( IRON & /EEL4 ,EV]YONE WAS WAIT+ = SOME?+4 ,ONE SPEAK] GOT UP &1 HIS FACE HIDD5 UND] HIS CAP1 MADE AN EXCIT$ SPEE* ON ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! DAY = ! PROLET>IAT ( ALL ! WORLD4 ,I TOO WANT$ TO GET UP & SPEAK1 TO %>E MY MOOD & FEEL+S1 BUT COMMON S5SE /OPP$ SU* AN ACT4 ,AFT] ! SPEE* WE W5T \T ON TO ! EMBANKM5T 9 A CR[D ( SEV]AL HUNDR$1 HOI/$ A R$ BANN] & MOV$ T[>DS NEI<BOR+ FACTORIES TO ! TUNE ( ! ,M>SEILLAISE4 ,WE RAN 9TO A M\NT$ POLICE PATROL1 & A SKIRMI% & *ASE />T$4 ,9 ! FACE ( SOME WELL-AIM$ /ONES1 ! POLICE1 ! DEF5D]S ( 0?RONE & FA!RL&01 DISAPPE>$ 9 SE>* ( RE9=CEM5TS4 ,! /REETS ( ?IS WORK+-CLASS DI/RICT W]E UNUSUALLY CR[D$2 PEOPLE1 PR$OM9ANTLY WORK]S1 WALK$ ALONG ) SET EXPRESSIONS & ON !IR GU>D1 READY TO DEAL ! 5EMY A BL[ OR TWO OR TO MAKE A GETAWAY IF ?OSE SUP]B ,COSSACK =CES GALLOP$ 94 

,! FOLL[+ DAY ALL ! TALK 9 ! WORK%OPS WAS AB\T ! ,MAY ,DAY DEMON/RATIONS4 ,EV]YBODY %>$ IMPRESSIONS & EX*ANG$ REPORTS FROM O!R DI/RICTS1 PLANTS & FACTORIES4 ,AS 9 #aiab & #aiac ! Y\NG 9DU/RIAL DI/RICT ( ,VYBORG1 :]E A CONSID]ABLE PORTION ( ,PET]SBURG'S PRECISION 5G9E]+ & HEAVY W> 9DU/RY WAS LOCAT$1 M>*$ AT ! HEAD ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,9 ! PRE-W> YE>S1 A SIGNIFICANT UPTURN 9 9DU/RY WAS TAK+ PLACE2 ! PLANTS W]E 9UNDAT$ ) ORD]S1 ! NE$ = MANP[] WAS GREAT & EMPLOY]S 9 ! ,VYBORG DI/RICT W]E ATTRACT+ SKILL$ WORK]S ) HI< WAGE-RATES4 ,?IS L$ TO A CONC5TRATION ( ! MO/ ADVANC$ ELEM5TS 9 !SE PLANTS4 ,! BETT] WORK+ CONDITIONS & MILITANT MOOD ( ! WORK]S HAD GIV5 ! DI/RICT A REVOLUTION>Y REPUTATION1 & ! ,VYBORG]S W]E PR\D ( IT4 ,5ORM\S *ANGES HAD TAK5 PLACE 9 ! ATTITUDE ( ! WORK]S AS COMP>$ ) ! TIME ?AT ,I WAS LA/ WORK+ ILLEGALLY1 9 #a#i#g1 AT ! 0#a#h#h#f0 P[] /ATION4 ,! ABS5CE ( ! TIMIDITY & SUBMISSIV5ESS :I* EV5 !N WAS V]Y /RONG 9 ! PLANTS ( ,PET]SBURG1 HIT Y\ 9 ! EYE4 ,Y\ S5S$ ?AT ! WORK]S HAD MATUR$ CONSID]ABLY AS 9DIVIDUALS4 ,H[EV]1 ! ABS5CE ( TRADE-UNION ORGANIZATION WAS APP>5T4 ,! 9T]NAL1 UNWRITT5 BUT EFFECTIVE REGULATIONS ON ! %OP FLOOR W]E EXTREMELY V>I$ & DIFF]$ NOT ONLY FROM ONE FACTORY TO ! NEXT BUT W]E NOT EV5 UNI=M AMONG %OPS 9 ! SAME WORKS4 ,! EMPLOY]S CUNN+LY DIVID$ WORK]S ACCORD+ TO E>N+S4 ,WORK]S 9 ! SAME %OP & 9 ! SAME TRADE1 TURN+ = EXAMPLE1 W\LD E>N ANY?+ FROM TWO TO SIX RUBLES A DAY ON TOOLS & JOBS ( ALMO/ EQUAL COMPLEXITY & PRECISION4 ,MOREOV]1 A CURI\S PH5OM5ON C\LD BE OBS]V$1 ?\< ONE ?AT 9 W>TIME W\LD BECOME QUITE NATURAL1 :]EBY ! R\<E/ JOBS ?AT DID NOT REQUIRE A HI< DEGREE ( SKILL1 SU* AS WORK ON %ELLS1 PAID ! HI<E/4 

,! WORK%OPS1 EV5 ! REBUILT ONES1 W]E NOTABLE = ! LACK ( AUXILI>Y GE> - CRANES1 TROLLEYS1 HOI/S & SO ON - VITAL = S]VIC+ ! SMALLE/ REQUIREM5TS ( A WORK%OP4 ,! LIFT+ ( LOADS1 SETT+ CRUDE JOBS ON ! TOOLS & LIFT+ MANEUV]S DUR+ POSITION+ & ASSEMBL+ W]E P]=M$ MANUALLY BY LABOR]S NE>LY EV]Y:]E4 ,E/ABLI%M5TS RUN 9 ?IS WAY REQUIR$ A GREAT NUMB] ( LABOR]S1 & ALL ! ,PET]SBURG PLANTS W]E OV]FL[+ ) !M4 ,AN UN$UCAT$ WORK] FROM ! C\NTRYSIDE WAS PAID EXTREMELY LITTLE4 ,! PAY ( LABOR]S 9 ,PET]SBURG WORK%OPS RANG$ FROM T5 TO ?IRTE5 KOPECKS AN H\R4 ,! L[ CO/ ( MANP[] WAS REFLECT$ 9 ! LEVEL ( TE*NICAL 9/ALLATIONS4 ,EMPLOY]S W]E NOT 9T]E/$ 9 EQUIPP+ ! PLANTS ) AUXILI>Y GE>1 AS 0=C$0 LABOR CAME *EAP]4 ,AS COMP>$ ) ?OSE 9 ! WE/1 ! PRODUCTIVITY ( ! %OPS WAS V]Y L[1 & AL?\< 9DIVIDUAL WORK]S MI<T SOMETIMES BE EV5 MORE SKILL$ ?AN !IR =EIGN C\NT]P>TS ! G5]AL TE*NICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL PRIMITIV5ESS SUPPRESS$ !IR P]SONAL TAL5TS4 ,!RE W]E FEW ME*ANICAL AIDS1 & MANAGEM5T HAD NO CONC]N = ! APPLICATION ( MOD]N WORK+ ME?ODS4 

,9SIDE ! PLANTS A SY/EM ( F9ES N\RI%$4 ,Y\ W]E F9$ AUTOMATICALLY = LAT5ESS1 ABS5TEEISM & SO ON4 ,9SULTS1 H>ASSM5T1 DOCK+ ( PAY & PETTY PRESSURES LIKE OP5+ Y\R LOCK] ONLY :5 ! :I/LE HAD GONE & NOT BE=E1 AS WORK]S LIK$ TO1 W\LD N[ & AGA9 SPILL OV]1 & A /ORM ( 9DIGNATION W\LD BREAK \T4 ,! DIRECT LACKEY ( CAPITAL1 ! =EMAN OR 5G9E]1 W\LD BE :EEL$ \T 9 A B>R[4 ,!RE WAS LITTLE EXP]I5CE ( P]SI/5T DAY-TO-DAY /RUGGLE1 AS ! TRADE UNIONS W]E TOO WEAK2 !Y LIV$ UND] ! ?REAT ( BE+ CLOS$ D[N1 & C\LD NOT NURTURE OR DISCIPL9E A TRADE-UNION TYPE ( /RUGGLE AMONG ! MASS ( WORK]S4 ,MY ,NEW ,LESSN] WORKMATES EXHIBIT$ GREAT 9T]E/ 9 ! LIFE ( FELL[ METALWORK]S 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 ,C>RI$ AWAY ) MY TALES ,I W\LD (T5 =GET MY 0ALI50 ORIG9 & EMBELLI% MY SPEE* ) ,VLADIMIR >GOT4 ,MY WORKMATES W]E SURPRIS$ AT MY ABILITY TO LE>N ! LANGUAGE SO QUICKLY1 & ,I HAD TO EXPLA9 ?IS BY SAY+ ,I HAD PRACTIC$ TALK+ ,RUSSIAN 9 ,P>IS4 ,!Y BELIEV$ ME4 

,I GOT 9TO ! SW+ ( ! JOB QUICKLY1 :I* PLEAS$ MY RELIEF NO 5D4 ,HE N[ CAME 9TO ! %OP ONLY TO SLEEP4 ,I W\LD BE SATISFI$ IF HE WORK$ HALF HIS %IFT4 ,BUT ,I F\ND IT EXTREMELY >DU\S DO+ ! WORK ( TWO1 = AS WE WORK$ ON ONE PAY-BOOK ! PAY WAS %>$ EQUALLY4 ,! MORE CONSCI\S WORK]S QUICKLY NOTIC$ ?IS MALICI\S EXPLOITATION ( ! 0=EIGN]01 & ASK$ ! MANAG] ?AT HE SACK ! RELIEF4 ,I WAS LEFT BY MYSELF ON ! LA! ON ONE %IFT4 ,WORK BECAME EASI]4 
  

,AT A ,BANQUE/ 9 ,HONOR ( ,V&]VELDE 

,ONE EV5+ 9 ,JUNE P>TY COMRADES 9 ! ,VYBORG DI/RICT S5T A C\RI] TO ! 0,FR5*MAN0 TO ASK HIM TO TAKE P>T 9 A C]EMONIAL BANQUET GIV5 BY ! ,DUMA FACTION ( ,BOL%EVIKS & ,M5%EVIKS 9 HONOR ( ,V&]VELDE1 :O HAD COME TO ,RUSSIA4 ,! BANQUET WAS ORGANIZ$ SEMI-LEGALLY AT ! ,PALK9 RE/AURANT4 ,!RE W]E QUITE A FEW GUE/S 9 ! SMALL ROOM4 ,!RE W]E FEW ,BOL%EVIKS1 BUT AMONG !M W]E COMRADES ,PETROVSKY & ,BADAYEV4 ,! ,M5%EVIKS W]E REPRES5T$ BY ,DAN1 ,*KHEIDZE1 ,POTRESOV & O!R />S ( ,LU*4 ,AFT] ! APPETIZ]S1 ! SPEE*ES ( WELCOME BEGAN4 ,PETROVSKY SPOKE = \R FACTION1 ,*KHEIDZE & ,DAN = ! ,M5%EVIKS4 ,! LIQUIDATORS' SPEE*ES EXUD$ DIPLOMATIC GRIEF OV] ! SPLIT 9 ! RANKS ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,I 9T]PRET$ = ,PETROVSKY & !N1 ON \R DEPUTIES' 9/RUCTIONS1 TOOK ! FLOOR 9 REPLY4 ,) ! FACTS AT MY F+]TIPS1 ,I DEMON/RAT$ ?AT 9 ITS /RUGGLE ! ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IAT WAS ONE4 0,9 DAY-TO-DAY /RUGGLE10 ,I SAID1 0! WORK+ CLASS M>*ES UND] ! BANN] ( \R P>TY'S ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE1 9 SPITE ( ! S*EM+ BY ! M9ORITY1 :I* CAN ONLY =M MAJORITIES AT BANQUETS4 ,! WORK]S' /RUGGLE H]E 9 ,PET]SBURG ITSELF DEMON/RATES1 EV5 ?\< ONLY A SUP]FICIAL /UDY IS AVAILABLE TO Y\1 COMRADE ,V&]VELDE1 = Y\ CANNOT GO \T TO \R FACTORIES & SEE \R /RIKES & MASS MEET+S1 ?AT WE HAVE ! MAJORITY BEH9D US2 & Y\1 AS AN ADVOCATE ( ! UNITY ( WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS1 %\LD PROPOSE TO ! M9ORITY1 ! 9TELLIG5TSIA SITT+ H]E1 ?AT !Y SUBMIT TO ! MAJORITY4 ,TAKE :AT ASPECT ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T Y\ LIKE3 ! TRADE UNIONS >E ) US & ! 9SURANCE ORGANIZATION IS \RS4 ,UNITY CAN EASILY BE A*IEV$1 = WE NE$ ONLY B9D ! M9ORITY TO ! WI%ES ( ! MAJORITY4 ,IF Y\ W\LD DECL>E EXACTLY ?AT ON BEHALF ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,BUREAU :OSE PRESID5T Y\ >E1 WE %ALL NOT PU% ANY ( !M \T ( ! ORGANIZATION1 & WE %ALL NOT HAVE A SPLIT40 

,MY SPEE* 9 ,FR5* AGITAT$ ! ,M5%EVIKS4 ,DESPITE ! PRES5CE ( ! EM95T =EIGN]1 !Y 9T]RUPT$ ME & ,I ONLY MANAG$ TO F9I% ?ANKS TO ! 9T]V5TION ( ! GUE/ HIMSELF1 ,V&]VELDE1 :O WAS LI/5+ & WAT*+ ! GA!R+ V]Y ATT5TIVELY4 ,AFT] MY SPEE* HE FELT IT NECESS>Y TO REPLY TO QUE/IONS SO BLUNTLY PUT1 & 9 HIS SPEE* AB\T UNITY1 PATI5CE & O!R RELAT$ MATT]S1 HE DID DECL>E ?AT ! M9ORITY %\LD SUBMIT TO ! MAJORITY4 

,WE BROKE UP AS A MILKY MORN+ WAS RELIEV+ ! :ITE NOR!RN NI<T4 ,9 ! MORN+ ,I WAS AT MY B5* AGA91 BUT ,I DID NOT SPEAK AB\T MY NI<TTIME TRIP TO ! BANQUET 9 HONOR ( ,V&]VELDE TO ANY ( ! PROLET>IANS4 ,IT REMA9$ KN[N TO ONLY A LIMIT$ CIRCLE ( ORGANIZ$ COMRADES & P>TY WORK]S4 

,POLITICAL ACTIVITY 9 ! WORK%OPS WAS C>RI$ \T BY WORK]S BELONG+ TO ! ?REE ,RUSSIAN P>TIES3 ,BOL%EVIK SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 ,M5%EVIK SOCIAL DEMOCRATS & ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES4 .<#a.> ,MO/ ACTIVE ( ALL W]E ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,BOL%EVIK WORK]S W\LD GET UP AT WORK%OP MEET+S1 & A LITTLE MILIT>Y /RATEGY WAS PRACTIC$3 WORK]S CAPABLE ( SPEAK+ ON POLITICAL SUBJECTS W]E SPREAD >\ND ! DI/RICT1 SO ?AT ! SAME WORK] DID NOT ALWAYS GET UP 9 ANY ONE FACTORY1 PRES]V+ ! VITAL SECRET ( ! AGITATOR'S NAME FROM ! ,OKHRANA4 ,A TYPICAL FEATURE ( ! PRE-W> P]IOD ( P>TY WORK WAS ITS LACK ( 9TELLECTUALS4 ,! EXODUS ( 9TELLECTUALS ?AT HAD BEGUN 9 #aif & #aig MEANT ?AT P>TY WORK]S1 FULL-TIME /AFF & SO ON W]E WORK]S4 ,!RE WAS SO LITTLE ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA LEFT ?AT IT B>ELY SUFFIC$ TO MEET ! NE$S ( ! ,DUMA FACTION & ! DAILY PAP]4 ,! PLACE ( ! PETTY-B\RGEOIS 9TELLECTUALS & /UD5T Y\? WAS TAK5 BY ! 9TELLECTUAL PROLET>IAN ) HIS CAL\S$ H&S & HI<LY DEVELOP$ HEAD :O HAD NOT LO/ CONTACT ) ! MASSES4 ,A V]Y FAVORABLE IMPRESSION WAS MADE BY \R 9SURANCE ORGANIZ]S ,G4,I4 ,OSIPOV1 ,G4,M4 ,%KAP91 ,N4,I4 ,ILY91 ,DMITRIEV & O!RS1 & ALSO ! TRADE-UNION ACTIVI/S SU* AS ! METALWORK]S ,KISELEV1 ,MURK91 ,S*MIDT & O!RS4 

,WORK+ 9 ! %OPS & BE+ (T5 AT COMRADES' H\SES ,I MET QUITE A FEW \T/&+ WORK]S :O W]E MORE HI<LY DEVELOP$ ?AN MANY FAM\S ,EUROPEAN WORK]S ,I HAD KN[N WELL ABROAD4 ,BITT] /RUGGLE1 EXILE & PRISON CRIPPL$ ?\S&S1 BUT !Y RE>$ 9DIVIDUALS 9COMP>ABLY BETT] ?AN ! 0PEACEFUL0 /RUGGLE 9 ! WE/4 ,9 ! WORK%OPS !RE W]E (T5 COLLECTIONS = SOLID>ITY CAUSES2 = PEOPLE 9 PRISON1 EXILES & CONVICT LABOR]S & !IR FAMILIES1 = EXAMPLE4 

,PROPAG&A WAS DONE 9 ! PLANTS & %OPS ON AN 9DIVIDUAL BASIS4 ,!RE W]E ALSO DISCUSSION CIRCLES1 BUT !Y W]E JO9$ ONLY BY ! MO/ CONSCI\S WORK]S4 ,LEGAL MEET+S TOOK PLACE ON MATT]S CONC]N+ ! 9SURANCE FUNDS1 BUT ?IS ACTIVITY WAS SKILLFULLY 9TEGRAT$ 9TO ! G5]AL /RUGGLE = ! LIB]ATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,ILLEGAL MEET+S W]E >RANG$ FAIRLY (T5 9 ! PLANTS DUR+ ! SUMM] ( MY /AY 9 ,PET]SBURG4 ,?IS WAS USUALLY DONE ON ! SPUR ( ! MOM5T BUT 9 AN ORGANIZ$ WAY1 DUR+ ! LUN* OR EV5+ BREAK 9 FRONT ( ! EXIT1 9 ! Y>D OR1 9 E/ABLI%M5TS ) SEV]AL FLOORS1 ON ! /AIRS4 ,! MO/ AL]T WORK]S W\LD =M A 0PLUG0 9 ! DOORWAY1 & ! :OLE MASS PIL$ UP 9 ! EXIT4 ,AN AGITATOR W\LD GET UP RI<T !RE ON ! SPOT4 ,MANAGEM5T W\LD CONTACT ! POLICE ON ! TELEPHONE1 BUT ! SPEE*ES W\LD HAVE ALREADY BE5 MADE & ! NECESS>Y DECISION TAK5 BY ! TIME !Y >RIV$4 ,FREQU5TLY CLA%ES ) ! POLICE W\LD 5SUE1 9 :I* ! LATT] W\LD PUT ITS 0H]R+S0 9TO ACTION & ! WORK]S NUTS & COBBLE/ONES4 ,MASS RALLIES TOOK PLACE ALL R\ND ,PET]SBURG4 ,! ,VYBORG DI/RICT GA!R$ MA9LY AT ,OZ]KI1 ,%UVALOV & ,GRAZHDANKA4 ,HOLIDAYS BR\<T CR[DS ( VISITORS TO !SE VILLAGES ON ! \TSKIRTS4 ,?IS MADE IT EASI] = WORK]S TO GET TO ! MASS MEET+S4 

,9 ! SPR+ ( #aiad ! ATMOSPH]E 9 ! FACTORY DI/RICTS WAS T5SE 9 ! EXTREME4 ,EV]Y CONFLICT1 SMALL OR L>GE1 IRRESPECTIVE ( ITS ORIG91 PROVOK$ A PROTE/ /RIKE OR WALK-\T4 ,POLITICAL MEET+S & SKIRMI%ES ) ! POLICE W]E EV]YDAY OCCURR5CES4 ,! WORK]S BEGAN TO MAKE CONTACTS AMONG ! SOLDI]S AT ! NE>BY B>RACKS4 ,REVOLUTION>Y PROPAG&A WAS ALSO C>RI$ \T 9 ! >MY CAMPS4 ,AN EXTREMELY ACTIVE P>T 9 PROPAG&A WORK WAS TAK5 BY WOM5 WORK]S1 ! WEAV]S & MILL-GIRLS3 SOME ( ! SOLDI]S W]E FROM ! SAME VILLAGES AS ! WOM5 WORK]S1 BUT = ! MO/ P>T ! Y\NG PEOPLE CAME TOGE!R ON ! BASIS ( 09T]E/S ( ! HE>T01 & ?US K9%IP RELATIONS W]E E/ABLI%$ BETWE5 B>RACKS & FACTORY4 ,IT WAS TOTALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO TURN SU* TROOPS AGA9/ ! WORK]S4 

,LESSN]S CEAS$ TO SATISFY ME1 & ,I />T$ TO ?9K AB\T *ANG+ TO SOME O!R PLANT4 ,?IS WAS V]Y EASILY DONE4 ,= MY V]Y FIR/ DAYS !RE ,I HAD 9CIT$ WORK]S TO FI<T AGA9/ ! MANAGEM5T'S DICTATORIAL FIX+ ( E>N+S4 ,RI<T FROM ! />T ,I HAD BEGUN TO SET A P]SONAL EXAMPLE 9 FI<T+ = HI<] WAGE RATES4 ,I WAS DEEPLY 9DIGNANT AT ! UNEQUAL E>N+S = WORK]S ON ID5TICAL JOBS4 ,?US1 :5 WORK+ ) MY DRUNK5 RELIEF1 ,I W\LD CLE> SOME F\R RUBLES A DAY1 :ILE ! TURN] WORK+ NEXT TO ME1 A ,F9N1 W\LD E>N ONLY TWO RUBLES FIFTY KOPECKS AT ! MO/1 & ) GREAT] EX]TION4 ,& ?IS WAS NOT A UNIQUE EXAMPLE4 ,= ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y FI<T+ SPIRIT ( ! ,PET]SBURG METALWORK]S1 !IR TRADE-UNION SOLID>ITY & UND]/&+ W]E BO? POORLY DEVELOP$4 ,?IS D]IV$ 9 P>T FROM ! FACT ?AT \R METALWORK]S HAD GR[N US$ TO COLLECTIVE /RUGGLE 09 A BUN*01 :]EAS ! DEF5SE ( A /&>D RATE = WORK]S 9 ! SAME TRADE1 LIKE SO MU* ELSE 9 FACTORY LIFE1 DEM&$ A C]TA9 P]SONAL GRIT1 /UBBORNNESS & ABILITY TO DEF5D ONESELF AS AN 9DIVIDUAL1 SOMETIMES )\T G5]AL SUPPORT4 

,I PRES5T$ A P]SONAL DEM& TO ! MANAG] = FIVE RUBLES = A T5-H\R DAY1 EV5 :5 ! PIECEWORK GIV5 ME C\LD NOT YIELD SU* E>N+S EI!R BECAUSE ( ITS QUALITY 7Y\'D GET /UCK ) A BAD CA/+7 OR ITS SMALL QUANTITY4 ,! MANAG]1 ) ! EQUIVOCATION CU/OM>Y 9 ?IS TYPE ( P]SON1 HALF AGRE$1 BUT :5 ! PAY-\T CAME MY WAGES HAD BE5 ADJU/$ TO =TY-EI<T KOPECKS AN H\R1 I4E4 TW5TY KOPECKS A DAY LESS4 ,ON SEE+ ?IS ,I IMM$IATELY RESIGN$1 & ON #ag ,JUNE LEFT ! %OP4 ,MY WORKMATES AT ,LESSN] & ESPECIALLY 9 ! FIR/ 5G9E]+ %OP1 W]E V]Y SORRY TO SEE ME GO4 ,BUT !Y REALIZ$ ?AT AS A 0=EIGN]0 ,I WAS CURI\S TO MOVE >\ND & WORK A BIT 9 AS MANY %OPS AS POSSIBLE1 TO GET TO KN[ ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IANS AS WIDELY AS POSSIBLE4 

,AFT] ! JOB AT ,LESSN] ! SE>* = ANO!R PO/ WAS CONSID]ABLY EASI]4 ,I NO LONG] C>RI$ ! DICTION>Y >\ND BUT W5T TO SEE COMRADES :O C\LD 9TRODUCE ME TO ! =EMAN4 ,)9 A FEW DAYS ,I HAD TWO (F]S3 AT ! ,P>VIA95 ,%ELL ,WORKS1 & AT ,]ICSSONS4 ,I *OSE ! LATT]1 :]E ,I />T$ ON #bf ,JUNE4 ,MY />T WAS PREC$$ BY A TRIP TO ! DOCTOR4 ,! DOCTOR AT ! LOCAL HOSPITAL FUND P]MITT$ ONLY ABSOLUTELY FIT M5 TO WORK !RE4 ,WORK]S WORN \T BY PROLONG$ UNEMPLOYM5T OR 9T5SE PHYSICAL EXPLOITATION 9 !IR PREVI\S JOB W]E RU?LESSLY SIFT$ \T4 ,! DOCTOR WAS AN OLD CYNIC :O RECOMM5D$ SU* COMRADES TO A HI<-CALORIE DIET1 A LONG RE/ P]IOD & O!R SU* DELI<TS1 ?\< IT S\ND$ MORE LIKE A GIBE AT !IR HUNG]4 ,! ACTUAL PROCESS ( 0C]TIFICATION0 TOOK PLACE 9 AN EXTREMELY SLIP%OD FA%ION3 H&S W]E NOT WA%$ AFT] EXAM9ATION BY ! DOCTOR OR HIS ASSI/ANT1 9/RUM5TS W]E TAK5 /RAI<T FROM ONE BODY TO ! NEXT1 & SO ON4 

,BUT MY HEAL? WAS F\ND TO BE GOOD & ,I WAS TAK5 ON 9 ! ,TURN+ ,%OP NO4 #a1 KN[N 9SIDE ! WORKS AS ! 0,?IRD ,FLOOR01 :]E ,I WAS SET A HI<LY EXACT+ TE/4 ,AFT] COMPLET+ IT1 ,I WAS (F]$ A 0%OP RATE0 ( TW5TY-?REE KOPECKS AN H\R4 ,BUT ,I HAD ALREADY /AT$ TO BO? ! =EMAN & ?OSE NE> HIM :5 ,I />T$ ?AT ,I W\LD NOT WORK = LESS ?AN FIVE RUBLES A DAY1 NO MATT] :AT 0%OP RATE0 ,I WAS (F]$4 ,)9 ! %OP1 H[EV]1 ! MANAGEM5T P]MITT$ AN \TPUT BONUS SY/EM = PIECEWORK AT D\BLE ! 0%OP RATE04 ,I F9I%$ ! FIR/ PIECE = F\R RUBLES SIXTY KOPECKS1 & ,I DEM&$ ?AT ! =EMAN RAISE ! RATE SO ?AT MY PAY W\LD BE EQUIVAL5T TO FIVE RUBLES A DAY1 O!RWISE ,I W\LD NOT AGREE TO /AY ON4 ,! =EMAN GAVE WAY1 & ?IS BECAME A PREC$5T = ME4 

,9 ! TURN+ %OP1 AS ?R\<\T ! WORKS1 !RE W]E MANY POLITICALLY HI<LY CONSCI\S WORK]S4 ,ALL ! ,M5%EVIK WORK]S W]E CONC5TRAT$ ON \R FLOOR4 ,!IR ATTITUDE T[>DS MANAGEM5T WAS IMPECCABLE1 !Y W]E ALL 9 EXCELL5T /&+ & HAD ! HI<E/ %OP-RATES1 :I* GAVE !M ! OPPORTUNITY TO E>N NE>LY TWICE AS MU* AS MANY O!RS4 ,YET ?IS WORK%OP1 = ALL ITS CONSCI\SNESS1 WAS ! SAME AS ! RE/ :5 IT CAME TO TRADE-UNION SOLID>ITY4 ,! SAME 9CR$IBLE DISCREPANCIES EXI/$ 9 WAGE LEVELS :I* W]E FIX$ >BITR>ILY BY ! SECTION =EMAN & V>I$ FROM SIXTE5 KOPECKS AN H\R = ! 0NOVICES0 TO ?IRTY-FIVE KOPECKS AN H\R = ! 0VET]ANS0 :O HAD BECOME WELL E/ABLI%$ & HAD ! *ANCE TO D\BLE !IR E>N+S ON PIECEWORK4 ,I MADE A P]SONAL CAMPAIGN = 0LEVEL+0 E>N+S = ! SAME TRADE & JOB4 ,ALL ?OSE :O HAD L[ WAGES W]E ON MY SIDE1 :ILE ?OSE :O HAD ATTA9$ A PRIVILEG$ POSITION W]E NATURALLY AGA9/4 ,DISPUTES >IS+ FROM M9OR TRADE-UNION MATT]S MOV$ ON TO A POLITICAL LEVEL4 ,! ,M5%EVIKS1 :O HAD ! UPP] H& 9 ! WORK%OP1 DECID$ TO 0GIVE BATTLE0 TO ! ,FR5* ,BOL%EVIK4 ,! >GUM5TS & ABUSE BR\<T A CR[D TOGE!R >\ND MY B5*4 ,IT WAS ONLY EV5TS ( A GREAT] SIGNIFICANCE \TSIDE \R FACTORY :I* RALLI$ US ALL & = A :ILE DIV]T$ US FROM \R 9T]NAL /RUGGLES4 
  

,JULY ,DAYS 

,ON #d ,JULY ! /ORY SPREAD R\ND ! CITY'S WORK]S ?AT A BRUTAL POLICE ASSAULT HAD BE5 MADE UPON ! ,PUTILOV WORK]S1 RESULT+ 9 ! DEA? ( SEV]AL4 ,! WORK]S' 9DIGNATION WAS GREAT1 & IT WAS CLE> ?AT ! 9FLAM$ ATMOSPH]E W\LD LEAD TO BLOOD%$4 ,9 A NUMB] ( PLACES WORK WAS HALT$ E>LI] ?AN NORMAL 9 PROTE/4 

,ON ! MORN+ ( ! #e? PEOPLE CAME TO WORK AT ! NORMAL TIMES1 BUT AFT] ONLY HALF AN H\R REPORTS BEGAN TO COME 9 ( /OPPAGES AT FIR/ ONE & !N ANO!R FACTORY4 ,PEOPLE W]E NOT />T+ WORK4 ,! ,NEW ,LESSN] FACTORY WAS \T1 ! NEI<BOR+ TEXTILE MILL ON ! ,NEVKA EMBANKM5T WAS \T & DEM&$ ?AT WE /OP WORK TOO4 ,A MEET+ WAS ORGANIZ$ 9 ! FACTORY Y>D1 ! POLICE BROKE 91 A SKIRMI% TOOK PLACE & ! WORK]S SMA%$ ?R\< ! POLICE CORDON ACROSS ! GATEWAY & CAME \T ON TO ! /REET1 ,WORK]S CONV]G$ FROM ALL SIDES ON ! ,BOL%OI ,SAMPSONIEVSKY ,PROSPEKT1 =M+ A CR[D ( DEMON/RATORS OV] T5 ?\S& /RONG4 ,REVOLUTION>Y SONGS BEGAN1 R$ BANN]S & K]*IEFS W]E WAV$4 ,! POLICE LOCK$ !MSELVES UP 9 !IR /ATION4 ,SPEAK]S GOT UP APPEAL+ = >M$ /RUGGLE & ! OV]?R[ ( CZ>ISM4 ,TRAMS 9 ! ,VYBORG DI/RICT W]E HALT$ & = OV] AN H\R WORK]S MOV$ ?R\< ! /REETS TO ! S\ND ( REVOLUTION>Y SONGS4 ,COSSACKS W]E DISPAT*$ TO ! AID ( ! POLICE &1 :OOP+ & HOLD+ !IR RIFLES AT ! READY1 !Y BUR/ AMONG ! CR[DS1 LA%+ \T ) !IR :IPS & FIR+ AT ! OP5 W9D[S ( WORK]S' FLATS4 ,! WORK]S DISP]S$ ?R\<\T ! DI/RICT1 ?R\< BACK G>D5S & OR*>DS1 %[]+ ! POLICE & COSSACKS ) /ONES4 ,?\< A =EIGN]1 ,I ESCAP$ ! COSSACKS' :IPS JU/ ! SAME AS ! ,RUSSIANS1 & HID4 ,ONCE RE9=C$ BY ! COSSACKS1 ! POLICE SUMMON$ UP ! C\RAGE TO GO HUNT+ R\ND ! %OPS & BACK Y>DS & EV5 BROKE 9TO FLATS4 ,SEV]AL H\RS ( CAVALRY *>GES W]E REQUIR$ TO 0IMPOSE ORD]01 BUT CALM C\LD NOT BE REE/ABLI%$ JU/ LIKE ?AT4 ,) ! ONSET ( DUSK ! POLICE & COSSACKS DECID$ NOT TO PROBE ANY DEEP] 9TO ! WORK+-CLASS QU>T]S1 :]E UNTIL DEEP 9TO ! NI<T ! /RA9S ( REVOLUTION>Y SONGS C\LD BE HE>D4 

,! ACTION WAS L$ BY GR\PS FROM \R P>TY4 ,! EV5TS W]E TAK+ PLACE JU/ AS ! PRESID5T ( ! ,FR5* B\RGEOISIE1 ,PO9C>E1 WAS >RIV+ & ! AU?ORITIES W]E PREOCCUPI$ ) ORGANIZ+ HIS WELCOME4 ,! POLICE HAD MOBILIZ$ ! FLAT C>ETAK]S TO ACT AS A BACKDROP REPRES5T+ ! 0,RUSSIAN PEOPLE0 ON ! DAY ( ,PO9C>E'S >RIVAL 9 ,PET]SBURG4 ,POLICE & COSSACKS W]E TI$ D[N !RE1 & ON ! BRIDGES L9K+ ! \T] >EAS ) ! CITY C5T] PATROLS W]E PO/$ TO PREV5T ! DEMON/RAT+ WORK]S GETT+ ?R\<4 

,! PROTE/ /RIKE AGA9/ ! VIOL5CE & >RE/S SWIT*$ FROM ! ,N>VA & ,VYBORG DI/RICTS TO ,VASILIEV ,ISL&1 ! ,KOLOMNA DI/RICT & BEYOND ! ,NEVA ,GATE1 & FLOOD$ ?R\<\T ! CITY4 ,! NEWSPAP]S SPREAD ! NEWS ACROSS ,RUSSIA1 & A RESPONSE TO ?IS P[]FUL MOVEM5T C\LD BE EXPECT$ FROM ! PROV9CES4 ,FROM #f ,JULY TILL #ab ,JULY ! /RIKE WAS ALMO/ G5]AL1 & ! NUMB] ( /RIK]S REA*$ #c14 ,MEET+S & DEMON/RATIONS TOOK PLACE EV]Y:]E1 & 9 SOME PLACES B>RICADES W]E ]ECT$4 ,WORK]S S\<T >MS EV]Y:]E1 & B\<T UP /OCKS ( REVOLV]S & KNIVES TO >M !MSELVES SOMEH[ AGA9/ ! POLICE & COSSACKS4 ,M\NT$ =CES MOV$ ?R\< ! CITY & ! \TSKIRTS4 ,MASS >RE/S />T$ 9 HOMES & ON ! /REETS4 ,NEWSPAP]S W]E CLOS$ D[N & !IR /AFFS >RE/$4 ,! MORE ADVANC$ WORK]S USUALLY GA!R$ AT \R ,PRAVDA (FICE1 BR++ 9 REPORTS1 & MEMB]S ( ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE W\LD ALSO GO !RE4 ,9 AN UNEXPECT$ RAID ! POLICE >RE/$ A L>GE NUMB] ( P>TY WORK]S & ACTIVI/S4 ,!SE >RE/S DECIMAT$ ! LEAD+ RANKS ( ! ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IAT1 BUT DID NOT /OP ! MOVEM5T ?AT HAD BEGUN4 ,EV]Y DAY WORK]S >RIV$ AT ! PLANTS & FACTORIES AT ! NORMAL TIME1 HELD MEET+S & DEMON/RAT$ ?R\< ! /REETS4 ,?IS MOVEM5T WAS ESPECIALLY MILITANT 9 ! ,VYBORG DI/RICT4 ,ON ! MORN+ ( ! ,FR5* VISITORS' >RIVAL 9 ,PET]SBURG1 NE>LY ALL ! WORK+-CLASS DI/RICTS HAD GA!R$ 9 ! ,BOL%OI ,SAMPSONIEVSKY ,PROSPEKT1 FILL+ ! :OLE WID? ( ! /REET FROM ! ,NEW ,LESSN] ,WORKS TO ! POLICE /ATION4 ,! SUN SMIL$ HAPPILY UPON ! TW5TY-?\S&-/RONG CR[D1 AMONG :OM !RE W]E WORK+ WOM51 WIVES1 *ILDR5 & SO ON4 ,POLICE & COSSACKS W]E ABS5T4 ,H]E & !RE SPEAK]S CAME =W>D FROM ! CR[D CALL+ = A DEMON/RATIVE WELCOME = ! VISITORS4 0,LET'S TELL !M10 SAID ONE WORK]1 0?AT WE'VE GOT TR\BLE AT HOME & CAN'T RECEIVE VISITORS40 ,! /RA9S ( ! ,V>%AVYANKA BEGAN TO S\ND1 & ! WORK]S MOV$ T[>DS ! CITY4 ,BUT !N A CRY FROM BEH9D3 0,COSSACKS60 ,WE TURN$ & SAW A COSSACK DETA*M5T GALLOP+ AWAY FROM ! ,L&R9 FACTORY4 ,! WORK+ M5 & WOM5 TOOK TO !IR HEELS AS BE/ !Y C\LD4 ,DRUNK5 COSSACKS RODE 9TO ! SIDE-/REETS & C\RTY>DS & BEAT UP ! DEMON/RATORS !RE4 ,! POLICE CAME RUNN+ \T ( !IR AMBU% TOO4 ,! ROADWAY & PAVEM5TS BORE TRACES ( BLOOD MANY H\RS LAT]4 ,ALL ?IS WAS 9 ! ,VYBORG DI/RICT1 BUT ! SAME ?+ ALSO HAPP5$ 9 ! ,KOLOMNA DI/RICT1 :]E DOCK]S & WORK]S FROM ! ,FRANCO-,RUSSIAN FACTORY W]E BEAT5 UP4 ,! CLA%ES 9 ! ,VYBORG DI/RICT CONT9U$ ALL DAY & %IFT$ FROM L& TO WAT]4 ,Y\NG WORK]S CLAMB]$ ON TO B>GES LY+ ON ! ,NEVKA & />T$ S++4 ,! POLICE TRI$ TO SUBDUE !M1 BUT TO ! LOCALS' GREAT DELI<T !Y FAIL$ TO BO>D ! B>GES1 AS ! WORK]S HAD HAUL$ UP ! GANGPLANKS & W]E US+ ! POLES TO KEEP ! POLICE AT BAY4 ,NOR C\LD ! LATT] OP]ATE TOO SAFELY ON WAT]1 = ?IS WAS REALLY A JOB = ! RIV] POLICE4 

,I TOOK ADVANTAGE ( MY 0=EIGN0 /ATUS TO T\R ! CITY1 ESPECIALLY ! WORK+-CLASS DI/RICTS4 ,!RE WAS UNUSUAL EXCITEM5T EV]Y:]E1 & Y\ C\LD S5SE ! DEP? ( :AT HAD BE5 EXP]I5C$3 IT RECALL$ ! R$ YE>S ( #a#i#e-#g4 

,WORK]S 9 ! ,VYBORG DI/RICT DECID$ TO ORGANIZE ! DEF5SE ( !IR QU>T] FROM COSSACK RAIDS4 ,SPADES1 SAWS1 HAMM]S & AXES APPE>$1 & !Y />T$ KNOCK+ D[N TELEGRAPH POLES & SETT+ UP B>RICADES & WIRE 5TANGLEM5TS4 ,ALL ALONG FROM ! ,WYLIE CL9IC TO ! ,EIWAS ,WORKS1 POLES W]E SAWN UP & ! WIRES REMOV$4 ,ALL ?IS WAS DONE ON ! 9/RUCTIONS ( SOME ,MOSC[ METALWORK]S :O HAD BE5 P>TICIPANTS 9 ! ,DECEMB] >M$ RIS+ 9 ,MOSC[ 9 #a#i#e4 

,T[>DS EV5+ ! WORK]S HEAD$ T[>DS ! WIRE 5TANGLEM5TS 9 GR\PS ( SEV]AL HUNDR$4 ,NE> ! ,L&R9 FACTORY WORK]S ,/OPP$ ! DRAYM51 UNH>NESS$ ! HORSES & RETURN$ !M TO !IR DRIV]S & !N OV]TURN$ ! C>TS ACROSS ! /REETS1 MAK+ B>RICADES ( !M & 5TW9+ !M ) WIRE4 ,ONLY ! ODD WORK] HAD A REVOLV]1 & MO/ W]E >M$ ONLY ) 5?USIASM4 

,9 ! EV5+ DEMON/RATORS GA!R$ >\ND ! ,WYLIE CL9IC1 :]E TWO HUGE POLES =M$ ! BASE ( A B>RICADE :ILE WIRE 5TANGLEM5TS 9 ! SIDE-/REETS & 9 FRONT P>ALYZ$ ! MOVEM5T ( M\NT$ COSSACK & POLICE =CES4 ,%OPS1 B>S & RE/AURANTS W]E CLOS$4 ,9 ! GATEWAYS TO T5EM5TS ! C>ETAK]S W]E \T ON DUTY1 ) ORD]S NOT TO LET 9 \TSID]S & TO KEEP A WAT* ON RESID5TS4 ,! CLA% \TSIDE ! ,WYLIE CL9IC WAS ALMO/ AN ORGANIZ$ 5GAGEM5T2 ! DEF5D]S W]E VIRTUALLY )\T >MS & US$ ! B>RICADES & WIRE 5TANGLEM5TS AS COV] FROM BEH9D :I* !Y PELT$ ! COSSACKS & POLICE ) /ONES4 ,COLLECT+ /ONES & PULL+ !M UP FROM ! ROADWAY WAS ! *ILDR5'S JOB1 & !Y C>RI$ !M TO ! WORK]S 9 ! FOLDS ( !IR TUNICS4 ,! POLICE & COSSACKS SUCCE$$ 9 TAK+ ! B>RICADE & CLE>+ ! SQU>E ) REVOLV] & RIFLE FIRE4 

,RETURN+ LATE AT NI<T FROM MY USUAL WALK R\ND ! DI/RICTS ( ! CITY1 ,I 5D$ UP 9 ,WYLIE ,SQU>E SEV]AL H\RS AFT] ! BATTLE4 ,!RE WAS AN OM9\S SIL5CE 9 ! /REETS4 ,NEI!R RESID5TS1 PASS]SBY NOR POLICE C\LD BE SE54 ,! SQU>E WAS /REWN ) /ONES1 SMA%$ LAMP-PO/S & LOOSE BITS ( WIRE1 & ACROSS ! ROAD LAY TWO TELEGRAPH POLES ,/ILL 5TANGL$ 9 WIRE4 ,!RE W]E BULLET-M>KS ON ! WALLS ( BUILD+S4 ,MY /EPS E*O$ ) A HOLL[ S\ND ON ! FLAG/ONES4 ,SUDD5LY !RE WAS A DI/ANT %\T3 0,/OP1 DON'T MOVE60 ,I /OPP$ & WAIT$4 ,TWO :ITE %AD[S /RODE T[>DS ME FROM ! OPPOSITE SIDE & PO9T$ REVOLV]S AT ME4 0,E/-CE QUE JE NE PUIS PASS] P> ID80 70,CAN'T ,I GET ?R\< ?IS WAY807 ,I ASK$4 ,HE>+ A =EIGN LANGUAGE1 ! POLICEM5 L[]$ !IR REVOLV]S4 ,I ASK$ !M 9 ,FR5* ONCE AGA91 0,:AT DANG] IS !RE80 & SO ON4 ,! POLICEM5 9 ! 5D SAID ?AT !Y DID NOT UND]/&4 ,!N ,I1 9 SLI<TLY BROK5 ,RUSSIAN1 EXPLA9$ ?AT ,I WAS A ,FR5*MAN GO+ HOME4 0,A ,FR5*MAN60 ! POLICEM5 JOYFULLY EXCLAIM$4 0,HAVE Y\ JU/ >RIV$80 ,A C\PLE ( HEAVY >MS DESC5D$ UPON MY %\LD]S4 ,I SAID ?AT ,I HAD >RIV$ SOME TIME AGO & ?AT N[ ,I WAS GO+ HOME TO MY FLAT4 

0,IS IT REALLY DANG]\S TO PROCE$80 ,I ASK$1 )\T MAK+ ANY ATTEMPT AT 0,FRANCO-,RUSSIAN0 FRAT]NIZATION4 ,! POLICEM5'S >MS FELL FROM ME1 & PO9T+ TO !IR REVOLV]S1 !Y SAID3 0,WELL1 WE DO HAVE !SE1 SEE80 ,I DECID$ TO GO ON MY WAY )\T 0!SE01 & MADE = ! DEP?S ( ! WORK+-CLASS TWILI<T4 ,I HAD SC>CELY GONE A C\PLE ( HUNDR$ Y>DS :5 ,I HE>D ANO!R %\T3 0,/OP1 /AY :]E Y\ >E OR WE'LL %OOT60 ,& !N ! S\ND ( SEV]AL HUNDR$ /EEL HORSE%OES RANG OV] ! ROADWAY1 & FROM BEH9D A HOME = W> 9VALIDS A :OLE SQUADRON ( ,DON COSSACKS UND] ! COMM& ( TWO (FIC]S RODE \T TO BLOCK MY PA?4 ,I %\T$ 9 ,FR5*3 0,ATT5DEZ TIR]6 ,JE M'APPRO*E60 70,HOLD Y\R FIRE1 ,I'M COM+407 ,! TWO (FIC]S HURRI$ =W>D TO MEET ME4 ,I ASK$ :E!R !Y SPOKE ,FR5*3 !Y DID NOT4 ,AGA9 ,I US$ BROK5 ,RUSSIAN & SAID ?AT ,I WAS GO+ HOME BUT C\LD NOT MAKE IT AS ,I KEPT RUNN+ 9TO DRUNK5 >M$ POLICEM54 ,! (FIC]S ASSUR$ ME ?AT ! POLICEM5 W]E NOT DRUNK BUT TIR$1 AS ! (FICIAL WELCOME = ! VISITORS & ! DI/URBANCES HAD WORN !M ALL \T4 ,T[>DS MYSELF !Y W]E MO/ CONSID]ATE1 BUT !Y SE>*$ & QUE/ION$ ALL O!R PASS]SBY4 

,FROM ! D>K DEP?S ( ! ,BOL%OI ,SAMPSONIEVSKY ,PROSPEKT WAFT$ ! S\NDS ( AN ACCORDION1 REVOLUTION>Y SONGS & %OTS4 ,OV] !RE 9 ! WORK+-CLASS QU>T]S LIFE & A READ9ESS = /RUGGLE W]E SEE?+1 & ! COSSACKS C\LD S5SE IT4 ,!Y W>N$ EA* O!R AGA9/ APPROA*+ ! WALLS - ! \TSIDE WALLS ( A SUG> FACTORY - & !Y W]E AFRAID ( EV]Y RU/LE FROM ! TREES4 ,! (FIC]S TRI$ AS BE/ !Y C\LD TO DISSUADE ME FROM GO+ ON 9TO ?AT 0FRI<T5+ HELLHOLE0 :]E ,I C\LD BE BR\<T D[N ) A %OT4 ,!Y SUGGE/$ ,I /AY$ ) !M AS !Y W]E READY TO RETURN TO ! CITY1 :]E !Y PROMIS$ TO GIVE ME A ROOM = ! NI<T & GLADLY HELP ME BACK HOME 9 ! MORN+4 ,I ?ANK$ !M = !IR K9DNESS BUT ?\<T IT UNNECESS>Y TO TR\BLE SU* BUSY PEOPLE ESPECIALLY AS IT WAS ONLY A C\PLE ( /REETS TO MY FLAT 9 ,MALY ,SAMPSONIEVSKY ,LANE4 ,9 ! 5D ONE PROPOS$ TO ! O!R ?AT ! :OLE SQUADRON ESCORT ME TO MY H\SE4 ,I ?ANK$ !M PR(USELY BUT ,I FELT ?AT IT MI<T BE RA!R UNPLEASANT TO >RIVE HOME UND] COSSACK GU>D4 ,H[EV]1 ! O!R (FIC] DID NOT BACK ! PROPOSAL TO ACCOMPANY ME 9TO ! 0HELLHOLE01 & />$ DIPLOMATICALLY 9TO ! D>K1 NOISY DI/ANCE1 W>N+ ! SQUADRON TO BE AT ! READY4 ,IT WAS CLE> !Y HAD ! W9D UP1 & ,I WAS GLAD ,I C\LD GO HOME ALONE4 ,A GIRL WAS RUNN+ PA/4 ,%E WAS /OPP$ BUT NOT SE>*$4 ,!Y ASK$ H] IF %E KNEW ,MALY ,SAMPSONIEVSKY ,LANE1 & IF IT WAS F>4 ,! ANSW] WAS YES1 & ! (FIC] SUGGE/$ ?AT %E ACCOMPANY ME4 ,WE SET (F 9TO ! REVOLUTION>Y D>K1 & !Y )DREW FROM ! >EA4 
  

,W> 

,:ILE ! BROK]S ( ! IMP]IALI/ B\RGEOISIE W]E DRAFT+ !IR F9AL NOTES & ! ,TRIPLE ,ALLIANCE WAS PUTT+ ! BLAME ON ! ,TRIPLE ,5T5TE1 ! ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IAT & ! WORK]S ( MANY ( ,RUSSIA'S O!R 9DU/RIAL C5T]S W]E :OLLY 5GROSS$ 9 MATT]S ( DOME/IC /RIFE4 ,! ,JULY EV5TS 9 ,PET]SBURG WOKE UP ! DR[S+ PROV9CES & ! /RIKE WAVE ROLL$ LIT]ALLY 0FROM ! COLD ,F9NI% CRAGS TO FI]Y ,COL*IS04 

,! /REET RALLIES BY ! ,PET]SBURG WORK]S F9I%$ ON #aa OR #ab ,JULY1 BUT A CONSID]ABLE PORTION ( ! #c1-/RONG >MY ( /RIK]S DID NOT GO BACK TO WORK4 ,! ,ASSOCIATION ( ,FACTORY & ,PLANT ,[N]S DECID$ TO PUNI% ! 0LABOR TR\BLES0 ) A LOCK-\T ( !IR [N4 ,MANY FACTORIES & NE>LY ALL ! PRIVATELY [N$ METALWORK+ PLANTS PLANN$ ! COMPLETE DISMISSAL ( ALL !IR EMPLOYES4 ,H[EV]1 ! APPROA* ( A 0CRITICAL TURN ( EV5TS01 I4E4 ! COMM5CEM5T ( HO/ILITIES1 =C$ ! GOV]NM5T TO 9TRODUCE SOME 0PEACE0 9TO ! LIFE ( ! CAPITAL1 TO AVOID 0UPSETS04 ,! ANN\NCEM5TS PO/$ UP AB\T ! LOCK-\T W]E SUDD5LY REPLAC$1 ! FACTORIES W]E REOP5$1 & 9/EAD ( ?REATS ! WORK]S RECEIV$ POLITE 9VITATIONS TO RESUME WORK+ AT !IR =M] PO/S4 ,MANY ( !M1 =ESEE+ A PROTRACT$ CONFLICT1 HAD GONE \T TO ! C\NTRY = A :ILE & DID NOT LE>N ( ! REOP5+ ( ! FACTORIES UNTIL CONSID]ABLY LAT]4 ,SOME TWO DAYS BE=E ! MOBILIZATION1 WORK+ LIFE 9 ,PET]SBURG HAD ALREADY RETURN$ TO ITS NORMAL PATT]N4 

,! MOOD ( WORK]S WAS V]Y BUOYANT1 9 SPITE ( ! ORGY ( REPRESSION1 ! LACK ( NEWSPAP]S & ! =TNI<T'S UNEMPLOYM5T4 ,EV]YONE WAS OV]JOY$ & 5C\RAG$ BY ! REC5T /RIKE1 :I* HAD UNIT$ A HUGE >MY ( LABOR 9 ONE VIVID UPSURGE ( ANG]4 ,?IS ,SOLID>ITY C\LD NOT BE SMA%$ EI!R BY ! POLICE1 OR BY ! 0GLORI\S0 COSSACKRY1 OR BY ! ?REATS ( />VATION FROM ! COALITION ( FACTORY-[N]S4 ,! FIR/ DAY BACK AT WORK WAS SP5T EX*ANG+ IMPRESSIONS ( ! REC5T EV5TS4 ,EV]YONE FELT ?AT A DECISIVE & NATIONWIDE BATTLE WAS JU/ >\ND ! CORN]4 ,! BLOODY OP]ATIONS ON ! ,AU/RO-,S]BIAN FRONTI] W]E A M9OR TOPIC1 AL?\< WORK]S DID FOLL[ ! PROGRESS ( ! NEGOTIATIONS BETWE5 ! P[]S4 

,PAN-,SLAVI/ CIRCLES HAD1 H[EV]1 ALREADY SET TO WORK4 ,! GUTT] & SEMI-LIB]AL PRESS WAS PAV+ ! WAY = PATRIOTIC DEMON/RATIONS4 ,!SE SOON TOOK PLACE1 SPR++ UP 0SPONTANE\SLY0 9 ! C5TRAL >EAS ( ! CITY & F9I%+ AT ! ,S]BIAN ,EMBASSY4 

,! H>D CORE ( !SE DEMON/RATIONS W]E C>ETAK]S1 (FICE WORK]S1 9TELLECTUALS1 0SOCIETY0 LADIES & SECOND>Y-S*OOL PUPILS4 ,FLAGS1 PLAC>DS & PORTRAITS ( ! ,CZ>1 CONCEAL$ 9 ADVANCE1 W]E 0SPONTANE\SLY0 PRODUC$ & A PROCESSION W5T R\ND ! ALLI$ EMBASSIES UND] ! PROTECTION ( M\NT$ POLICE4 ,DUR+ ! E>LY DAYS EV]YONE 9 ! CITY C5T] WAS T]RORIZ$ BY !SE PATRIOTIC HOOLIGANS4 ,!Y TOOK ! 0FRE$OM0 EXT5D$ TO !M TO ITS LOGICAL CONCLUSION1 I4E4 TO ATTACK+ ! ,G]MAN ,EMBASSY & O!R PRIVATE E/ABLI%M5TS ON ! ADVICE ( ,VE*]NEE ,VREMYA 7,! ,EV5+ ,TIMES7 BUT !Y W]E NOT DEPRIV$ ( ! RI<T TO DEMON/RATE4 

,! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC & ,LABOR ,P>TY HAD PREVI\SLY AGITAT$ AMONG WORK]S TO TURN PATRIOTIC DEMON/RATIONS 9TO REVOLUTION>Y ONES2 SU* ATTEMPTS HAD ALREADY BE5 MADE & 5D$ 9 CLA%ES4 ,! CITY GOV]NOR !N BANN$ ANY FUR!R DEMON/RATIONS4 ,BE=E ?IS BAN !RE WAS NO LET-UP4 ,! SLI<TE/ SUCCESS AT ! FRONT3 A DEMON/RATION4 ,! 5TRY ( A NEW C\NTRY 9TO ! W>3 A DEMON/RATION4 ,! PHILI/9ES1 :ITE-COLL> WORK]S & ,PET]SBURG 9TELLECTUALS HAD A CRAV5 ATTITUDE T[>DS HOOLIGAN PATRIOTISM4 ,DEMOCRATICALLY M9D$ CIRCLES ( ,PET]SBURG WORK]S W]E 9T]E/$ 9 ! EV5TS1 ESPECIALLY AFT] ! ,G]MAN ULTIMATUM TO ,RUSSIA4 ,! SPECIAL $ITIONS ( ! NEWSPAP]S W]E AVIDLY READ4 ,( C\RSE1 ALL ! PAP]S TRI$ TO USE ?IS ULTIMATUM TO PROVE ! 0HONOR0 & 0DIGNITY0 ( ,RUSSIA AS A 0GREAT P[]04 ,! NEXT DAY ! SLOGAN ( BO? RI<T & LEFT WAS 0,WE HAVE BE5 9VAD$04 

,! J\RNALI/S HAD ALREADY BE5 TUN$ UP 9 A PATRIOTIC KEY1 & WRA? AGA9/ 0VILLA9\S ,G]MANY0 BECAME ! DAILY DIET ( ,PET]SBURG DEMOCRATS4 ,AMONG ! JACKALS ( *AUV9ISM !RE WAS NOT A S+LE VOICE TO REM9D US ?AT IT WAS !Y !MSELVES :O HAD PREP>$ = ?IS TWO WEEKS PREVI\SLY1 DUR+ ,PO9C>E'S >RIVAL1 :5 REACTION>Y NEWSPAP]S W]E ALREADY *ALL5G+ ! 0,PRUSSIAN FI/0 & SAY+ ?AT 9 TWO YE>S' TIME ,RUSSIA W\LD BE READY TO SETTLE ACC\NTS ) !M4 ,= !SE 0S]VICES0 TO ! FA!RL& \R HONORABLE J\RNALI/S GOT ! ,ORD] ( ! ,FR5* ,REPUBLIC4 

,EV5TS DEVELOP$ SO RAPIDLY ?AT ORGANIZ$ WORK]S W]E CAU<T (F GU>D4 ,AL?\< 9 PR9CIPLE !Y W]E ALL OPPON5TS ( ! W>1 ! COMPLEXITY ( ! SITUATION WAS BEYOND ! UND]/&+ ( MANY1 & MANY 0PRIVATE OP9IONS0 W]E EXPRESS$4 ,G5]AL MOBILIZATION ( ! ,PET]SBURG ZONE 7TOGE!R ) ! :OLE ( ,EUROPEAN ,RUSSIA7 WAS ANN\NC$ ON #ai ,JULY1 TO TAKE EFFECT FROM SIX O'CLOCK 9 ! MORN+4 ,POLICE /ATIONS WORK$ ALL NI<T DI/RIBUT+ CALL-UP PAP]S4 ,9 ! MORN+ R$ MOBILIZATION PO/]S W]E DISPLAY$ ?R\<\T ! CITY1 ALONG ) :ITE BILLS GIV+ ! RATES ( COMP5SATION = REQUISITION$ >TICLES LIKE BOOTS1 B$D+1 ETC4 ,KNOTS ( PEOPLE /OOD 9 FRONT ( !M1 DISCUSS+ ! EV5TS FROM EV]Y CONCEIVABLE ANGLE2 BUT AN ANXI\S MOOD UNIT$ !M4 ,HUNDR$S ( WORK]S' FAMILIES CR[D$ R\ND ! POLICE /ATIONS1 :I* HAD N[ TURN$ 9TO RECRUIT+ (FICES4 ,! WOM5 WEPT & CURS$ ! W>1 

,9 ! WORK%OPS & FACTORIES1 MOBILIZATION WR\<T HAVOC4 ,UP TO =TY P] C5T ( ! WORK]S W]E TAK5 AWAY FROM !IR B5*ES & TOOLS4 ,FEEL+S ( HELPLESSNESS & DESPOND5CY W]E WIDESPREAD4 ,FACTORY-[N]S DEM&$ FROM ! AU?ORITIES ?AT !IR SKILL$ WORK]S BE RETURN$1 O!RWISE !Y W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO FULFILL !IR MILIT>Y CONTRACTS4 ,!IR REQUE/ WAS GRANT$3 A FEW DAYS LAT] ALL MOBILIZ$ METALWORK]S FROM FACTORIES ) MILIT>Y CONTRACTS W]E S5T BACK1 BUT W]E REG>D$ AS 0ON ! BOOKS0 ( ! MILIT>Y GOV]NOR4 

,:5 PEOPLE >RIV$ AT WORK ON ! MORN+ ( MOBILIZATION1 NO ONE AS MU* AS ?\<T AB\T WORK4 ,!Y GA!R$ TOGE!R >\ND ! WORK%OPS )\T *ANG+1 AGRE$ ON :AT TO DO1 & W5T \T 9TO ! /REETS TO ! S\ND ( REVOLUTION>Y SONGS4 ,9 SOME PLANTS !RE W]E G5]AL MEET+S ) CONSCRIPTS1 FROM :OM ! WORK]S EXTRACT$ OA?S NOT TO =GET ! WORK]S' /RUGGLE1 & TO USE !IR >MS AT ! V]Y FIR/ OPPORTUNITY TO 0LIB]ATE ! ,SLAVS )9 ,RUSSIA ITSELF04 ,ONCE AGA9 ! /REETS W]E FILL$ ) ?\S&S ( PEOPLE S++ REVOLUTION>Y SONGS & %\T+3 0,D[N ) ! W>60 ,(T5 EV5 ! TE>-/A9$ WOM5 /&+ BY ! POLICE /ATIONS %\T$1 0,D[N ) ! W>60 ?R\< !IR TE>S & 5C\RAG$ O!RS TO DO SO4 ,! POLICE1 :O W]E NEI!R AS NUM]\S NOR AS R\< AS 9 ! ,JULY PROTE/S1 ATTEMPT$ TO BREAK ! DEMON/RATIONS1 BUT ON 5C\NT]+ ! 5]GETIC PROTE/S ( ! RES]VI/S1 !Y ?\<T IT WIS] TO DISAPPE>4 

,>\ND NOON ! FIR/ P>TIES ( CONSCRIPTS1 SURR\ND$ BY A FEEBLE ESCORT ( POLICEM51 MOV$ T[>DS ! C5TRAL CITY ASSEMBLY PO9TS4 ,! CR[D QUICKLY ATTA*$ ITSELF TO !M & A DEMON/RATION WAS =M$ ) R$ /REAM]S & PLAC>DS TI$ TO /ICKS4 ,DUR+ !SE S5D(FS !RE W]E CLA%ES ) ! POLICE1 BUT ) ! RES]VI/S' ACTIVE SUPPORT ! DEMON/RATORS ALWAYS GOT ! UPP] H&4 ,SC5ES LIKE ?IS OCCURR$ 9 V>I\S \TLY+ >EAS ( ! CITY & EV51 )9 ! CITY ITSELF1 9 ! ,KOLOMNA DI/RICT4 ,! DEMON/RATIONS \TSIDE ! ,NEVA ,GATE & 9 ! ,VYBORG DI/RICT W]E P>TICUL>LY IMPRESSIVE4 ,9 ! FIR/ CASE A CR[D ( SEV]AL SCORES ( ?\S&S ACCOMPANI$ ! RES]VI/S S++ REVOLUTION>Y SONGS & C>RY+ A R$ BANN] AS T> AS ,ZNAM5SKY ,SQU>E1 :]E !Y CLA%$ ) PATRIOTS & W]E DISP]S$ BY POLICE4 ,9 V>I\S P>TS ( ! ,VYBORG DI/RICT !RE W]E DEMON/RATIONS NE>LY ALL DAY LONG4 

,SIMULTANE\SLY ) ! MOBILIZATION1 ,PET]SBURG WAS DECL>$ TO BE ON A W> FOOT+4 ,! RAILWAYS1 BRIDGES1 W>EH\SES & O!R SU* E/ABLI%M5TS W]E GU>D$ BY MILIT>Y PATROLS4 ,PO/1 TELEGRAPHS & TRANSPORT S]V$ ONLY ! NE$S ( ! W>4 ,9 ! E>LY DAYS ,PET]SBURG WAS 5TIRELY CUT (F FROM ! WORLD &1 ODDLY 5\<1 MORE SO FROM ! PROV9CES ?AN FROM 0ABROAD04 

,! CITY WAS FULL ( AL>M+ RUMORS4 ,S5SATIONAL TALES W]E PASS$ FROM M\? TO M\? ?AT SU*-&-SU* A PR9CESS HAD BE5 LOCK$ UP 9 A =TRESS = TREA*]Y2 TALK HAD IT ?AT ! EX-CITY GOV]NOR ( ,PET]SBURG1 ,DRA*EVSKY1 HAD ALREADY BE5 CONVICT$ & HANG$ = SELL+ 0IMPORTANT DOCUM5TS0 KEPT 9 ! ,KRON/ADT =TRESS4 ,PEOPLE COM+ FROM ,KRON/ADT MA9TA9$ ?AT ?REE HUNDR$ M9ES /UFF$ ) S& HAD BE5 F\ND AMONG ?OSE READY = LAY+4 ,RUMORS ( ?IS K9D GREATLY UND]M9$ CONFID5CE 9 ! AU?ORITIES & !IR ABILITY TO 0ORGANIZE DEF5SE04 ,PATRIOTICALLY-M9D$ PETTY B\RGEOIS1 %OPKEEP]S1 :ITE-COLL> WORK]S & PEASANTS :O ACCEPT$ ! 9EVITABILITY ( ! W> CONSID]$ ?AT ANY %ORTCOM+S W]E TO BE BLAM$ ON ! ,G]MANS1 :O HAD ALREADY TAK5 P[] 9 ! C\NTRY3 ,R5N5KAMPF & O!R SU* 0TRUE ,RUSSIANS0 LO/ AT ONE /ROKE EV5 !IR COLLEAGUES ( YE/]DAY4 
  

,ATTITUDES TO ! ,W> 

,FROM ! MOM5T ( ,G]MANY'S DECL>ATION ( W> ON ,RUSSIA UNTIL ,BRITA9'S 5TRY AGA9/ ,G]MANY1 ! MOOD ( ! ,PET]SBURG B\RGEOIS SOCIETY WAS SOMB]4 ,IT WAS CONSID]$ ?AT1 HAD ,BRITA9 ADOPT$ A NEUTRAL POSITION1 ! FATE ( ,PET]SBURG W\LD HAVE BE5 SEAL$4 ,PEOPLE BEGAN TO MOVE \T !IR VALUABLES1 & SEV]AL MUSEUMS />T$ TO PACK UP !IR TREASURES4 ,IT IS NOT H>D TO IMAG9E ! JOY ) :I* ! NEWS ( ,BRITA9'S DECL>ATION ( W> ON ,G]MANY WAS GREET$4 ,!RE WAS APPLAUSE 9 RE/AURANTS & !AT]S1 TOA/S W]E DRUNK1 & 9 ! EV5+ A PATRIOTIC DEMON/RATION M>*$ TO ! ,BRITI% ,EMBASSY4 

,9 ! FIR/ DAYS ( ! W> ?9K+ WORK]S W]E CONV9C$ ?AT ,WE/ ,EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY1 HEAD$ BY ! ORGANIZ$ PROLET>IAT1 W\LD NOT ALL[ ! MUTUAL DE/RUCTION ( WORK]S & PEASANTS4 ,IT WAS CLE> FROM ! 9T]NATIONAL SITUATION ?AT ! ,G]MAN GOV]NM5T HAD BE5 ! 9ITIATOR & ! FIR/ TO PULL ! TRIGG]4 ,FROM ?IS WE DREW ! CONCLUSION ?AT ! TASK ( LEAD+ ! WAY TO A DECISIVE /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! IMP]IALI/S' BLOOD?IR/Y DESIGNS FELL TO ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT4 ,BUT :5 WE LE>N$ :AT WAS HAPP5+1 IT /RUCK US BY ITS ABSURDITY4 ,NEWSPAP] >TICLES SPOKE AB\T ! LEAD]S ( ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY JU/IFY+ ! W> & VOT+ = W> CR$ITS4 ,\R FIR/ ?\<T WAS ?AT ! GOV]NM5T WIRE-S]VICES W]E FALSE & ?AT !Y WANT$ TO :IP US ,RUSSIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS 9TO L9E4 ,BUT OPPORTUNITIES TO V]IFY !M SOON CAME3 HUNDR$S ( REFUGEES FROM ,G]MANY1 & PEOPLE RETURN+ FROM O!R C\NTRIES CONFIRM$ :AT HAD APPE>$ TO BE A LIBEL4 

,H[EV] MON/R\S ?IS NEW TURN1 WE HAD TO RECKON ) IT AS A REALITY4 ,WORK]S %[]$ US ) QUE/IONS AS TO ! MEAN+ ( ! BEHAVIOR ( ! ,G]MAN SOCIALI/S1 :OM WE HAD ALWAYS PRES5T$ AS MODELS = \RSELVES4 ,:]E WAS ALL ?AT WORLD SOLID>ITY8 ,IT WAS P>TICUL>LY PA9FUL TO HE> ?AT ! ,G]MAN >MY1 ) SO MANY ORGANIZ$ WORK]S 9 ITS RANKS1 WAS LAY+ WA/E TO ,BELGIUM1 & ?AT ,BELGIAN SOLDI]S W]E DEF5D+ !IR C\NTRY TO ! S\ND ( ! ,9T]NATIONALE4 ,ANSW]S HAD TO BE GIV5 TO ALL !SE QUE/IONS1 & IT WAS ESS5TIAL TO PO9T \T ?AT ! LEAD]S ( ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY HAD BETRAY$ ! WORK]S' CAUSE & BETRAY$ 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALISM4 ,WE PO9T$ \T ?AT 9 REC5T YE>S ! ,G]MAN WORK]S' MOVEM5T HAD BE5 L$ BY RE=MI/S1 OR 0LIQUIDATORS04 

0,BURY+ ! ,G]MAN LEAD]S0 DID NOT COME EASILY TO US1 AS 9 ! BROAD CIRCLES ( WORK]S SUPPORT+ SOCIAL DEMOCRACY ! IDEA EM]G$ ( 0IF ! ,G]MANS HAVE DONE IT1 WE MI<T AS WELL TOO04 ,IT TOOK A LOT ( EF=T TO EXPLA9 TO ?9K+ WORK]S ?AT BETRAYAL BY SOME MU/ NOT LEAD TO UNIV]SAL BETRAYAL1 AS ONLY ! CAPITALI/S W\LD /& TO GA9 FROM ?AT4 ,IT WAS VITAL TO RE/ORE 9T]NATIONAL CONTACT BETWE5 WORK]S OV] ! HEADS ( ! LEAD]S4 

,AS ! CONFLICT DEVELOP$1 ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T ITSELF DID MU* TO 0CL>IFY0 ! CONFUS$ SITUATION4 ,H>DLY HAD MOBILIZATION 9 ,PET]SBURG BE5 COMPLET$ :5 A CAMPAIGN WAS AFOOT AGA9/ 0! 5EMY )904 ,MORE REPRESSION RA9$ D[N ON ! WORK+ CLASS 9 ! =M ( >RE/S1 DEPORTATIONS & ! CLOSURE ( ?OSE UNIONS1 CLUBS & TRADE-UNION J\RNALS /ILL REMA9+4 ,?IS WAS H[ ! GOV]NM5T HAD RESOLV$ TO 0UNITE ALL CLASSES & NATIONALITIES04 ,! WORK]S :O HAD BE5 MOBILIZ$ BUT REMA9$ AT ! PLANTS W]E SUBJECT$ TO H>ASSM5T4 ,! EMPLOY]S DECID$ TO EXPLOIT !IR /ATUS BY TURN+ ! WORK]S 9TO S]FS1 A SORT ( 0CONSCRIPT LABOR04 ,AT ! ,LESSN] WORKS 9 ! V]Y FIR/ WEEKS1 D$UCTIONS FROM PAY & ! ABUSE ( OV]TIME WORK+ BR\<T PROTE/S2 !RE W]E PROTE/S TOO AT ,]ICSSONS1 ! ,VULCAN WORKS & O!R 5G9E]+ E/ABLI%M5TS4 ,SMALL-SCALE EMPLOY]S & CONTRACTORS MADE WIDE USE ( ! /ATE ( W> TO RID !MSELVES ( TR\BLESOME ELEM5TS OR TO AVOID PAY+ WAGES1 RESORT+ TO ! POLICE /ATION = ASSI/ANCE4 

,! DEFEAT ( ! ,RUSSIAN >MY AT ! ,MASURIAN LAKES GREATLY 5C\RAG$ ALL ?OSE :O T5D$ TO FAVOR SUSP5D+ ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! WORK+ MASSES CONCLUD$ FROM ?IS DEFEAT ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T WAS SO ROTT5 & 9COMPET5T ?AT IT DES]V$ SIMPLY TO BE SWEPT AWAY4 ,! CRITICAL ATTITUDE T[>DS ! CAPABILITIES ( ! REACTION>Y GOV]NM5T HAD V]Y MU* 9 COMMON ) ! ATTITUDE ?AT MANIFE/$ ITSELF DUR+ ! ,RUSSO-,JAPANESE CAMPAIGNS4 

,FROM SOLDI]S' TALES ( PILF]+1 BAD FOOD & POOR ORGANIZATION1 AN UNATTRACTIVE & HI!RTO CONCEAL$ PICTURE ( ! TRUE CONDITION ( \R >MY CAME 9TO VIEW4 ,!SE /ORIES CIRCULAT$ EV5 AMONG PEASANTS1 & !IR MI/RU/ ( ! 0LEAD]S ( ! ,RUSSIAN >MY0 CAN BE JUDG$ BY !IR COMM5TS ?AT IT W\LD BE BETT] COMM&$ BY ,JAPANESE G5]ALS1 = !N ! ,G]MANS W\LD BE SMA%$4 

,:5 ! LETT]S BY ,PLEKHANOV1 ,BURTSEV1 ,KROPOTK9 & O!RS APPE>$ 9 ! PRESS CALL+ = A TEMPOR>Y 0TRUCE0 & SUPPORT = ! GOV]NM5T 9 ITS 0/RUGGLE AGA9/ ,G]MAN MILIT>ISM01 ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y DEMOCRATS1 9CLUD+ ! PATRIOTICALLY M9D$ ELEM5T1 W]E A LITTLE DISILLUSION$1 AS !Y HAD EXPECT$ ?AT ! APPEAL W\LD BE FIR/ = ! VICTORY ( DEMOCRACY & ONLY !N = A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! EXT]NAL 5EMY4 ,BUT ! NOTORI\S 0TRUCE0 ) CZ>ISM ONLY /R5G!N$ REACTION1 :ILE 9 NO WAY RAIS+ ! >MY'S SO-CALL$ 0*ANCES ( SUCCESS0 - NOT TO M5TION ! DAMAGE ?AT WAS 9FLICT$ ON ! ,RUSSIAN DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T BY !SE PROPON5TS ( 0TRUCE04 ,>\ND !M DANC$ ! *IEFTA9S ( ,BLACK ,HUNDR$ PATRIOTISM4 

,AT ! V]Y />T ( ! W> P]SI/5T RUMORS BEGAN TO CIRCULATE R\ND ! CITY & 9 WORK+-CLASS CIRCLES ( RE=MS BE+ DRAFT$1 AN AMNE/Y & A ,KADET GOV]NM5T4 ,! S\RCE ( !SE RUMORS1 OR RA!R 0,KADET LONG+S01 SOME ( :I* F\ND !IR WAY 9TO PR9T1 WAS ! LIB]AL CIRCLES4 ,HAV+ !MSELVES R5\NC$ ANY /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T & HAV+ GOT NO?+ 9 RETURN1 !Y GREW MO/ 9DIGNANT & S\<T TO 9TIMATE ?IS TO ! GOV]NM5T4 ,BUT ,RE*1 AFT] PAY+ A F9E ( FIVE ?\S& RUBLES1 FELL SIL5T & PUT AB\T RUMORS ?AT ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T HAD 0ADVIS$0 ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T TO RELAX ! REGIME4 ,BUT TIME W5T ON1 & ! 9FLU5CE ( ,WE/ ,EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY WAS IMP]CEPTIBLE1 UNLESS Y\ C\NT ! ACCEPTANCE ( ! ,M>SEILLAISE AS ONE ( ! OBLIGATORY AN!MS4 

,! ,PET]SBURG PRESS DID MU* TO K9DLE POPUL> *AUV9ISM4 ,!Y SKILLFULLY BLEW UP 0,G]MAN0 ATROCITIES AGA9/ ,RUSSIAN WOM5 & OLD M5 REMA9+ 9 ,G]MANY4 ,BUT EV5 ?IS HO/ILE ATMOSPH]E DID NOT DRIVE WORK]S TO EXCESSES ( NATIONALISM4 ,ONE R>E 9CID5T ( A DEM& = ! REMOVAL ( A 0,G]MAN0 FROM HIS PO/ TOOK PLACE AT ! ,BRYANSK LOCOMOTIVE WORKS1 & CONC]N$ AN 5G9E] 9 *>GE ( A WORK%OP4 ,HE WAS SO 0NECESS>Y0 TO ! EXPLOITATION ( ! WORK]S ?AT ! MANAGEM5T HAD SUCCE$$ 9 OBTA9+ HIM A P]MIT TO LIVE FREELY 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT ! WORK]S 0PICK$ !IR MOM5T0 TO RID !MSELVES ( AN 5EMY ( !IR [N1 & DEM&$ HIS REMOVAL4 ,!RE MI<T HAVE BE5 CASES :]E WORK]S HAD DEM&$ ! REMOVAL ( ,G]MANS AS KN[N SCABS :O HAD BE5 BR\<T TO ,RUSSIA TO REPLACE /RIK]S1 BUT ONE C\LD NOT CONCLUDE !RE=E ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S HAT$ ! ,G]MANS1 AS ! NEWSPAP]S CLAIM$4 ,?IS 0LIT]>Y *AUV9ISM0 CONSID]ABLY \TWEI<$ ! ACTUAL MOOD EV5 ( PETTY-B\RGEOIS CIRCLES4 

,! ATTITUDE ( ,RUSSIA'S OPPRESS$ NATIONALITIES T[>DS ! W> DIFF]$ LITTLE FROM ANY O!R SUPPORT] ( ! !ORY ( 0! DEF5SE ( NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE04 ,! ,JEWI% B\RGEOISIE 9 ,PET]SBURG HELD 0PURE ,JEWI%0 PATRIOTIC DEMON/RATIONS4 ,PRAY]S = VICTORY W]E (F]$ 9 ! SYNAGOGUES4 ,! LIB]AL NEWSPAP]S ,RE* & ,D5 TRI$ TO /RESS ?IS1 SO ?AT ! P[]S ?AT BE C\LD NOT REPROA* ! ,JEWS = LACK ( LOVE = ! FA!RL&4 ,& 9DE$ ! P[]S ?AT BE1 ! ,M>KOVS & ,PURI%KEVI*S1 W]E SO T\*$ ?AT !Y HAD ONLY PRAISE & AFFECTION = ! ,JEWS4 ,9 >EAS CLOSE TO ! W> ZONES1 H[EV]1 ! ,JEWS HAD A T\< TIME4 ,!Y LIV$ UND] ! P]MAN5T ?REAT ( POGROM1 AS MU* FROM ! MOB AS FROM ! MILIT>Y AU?ORITIES4 ,9 W>TIME CONDITIONS IT WAS =BIDD5 TO PUBLI% ANY?+ AB\T ?IS1 BUT ! NEWS DID F9D ITS WAY 9DIRECTLY TO ! PRESS 9 ! =M ( REPORTS ( >RE/S ( ?UGS ) /OL5 PROP]TY4 ,A PATRIOTIC DEMON/RATION 9 SU* >EAS BORE ! *>ACT] ( A 0POGROM W>N+04 ,! ,MUSLIM ,T>T> POPULATION WAS ALSO DRAGG$ 9TO PATRIOTIC \TP\R+S ( LOVE = ! HOMEL&4 ,!RE W]E S]VICES 9 ! ,PET]SBURG MOSQUE1 & DEPUTATIONS W]E S5T 0ON BEHALF ( ,MOHAMM$ANS04 ,CZE*S1 ,POLES & O!R ,SLAVS W]E SOMETIMES1 ?R\< ! POLICE1 CALL$ UPON TO =M VOLUNTE] LEGIONS = ! SACR$ LIB]ATION /RUGGLE4 

,! ,PET]SBURG PATRIOTS HELD A PROCESSION TO ! ,W9T] ,PALACE & FELL ON !IR KNEES *E]+ AT ! CZ>'S APPE>ANCE ON ! BALCONY4 ,! EPIDEMIC SPREAD1 ?REAT5+ TO SWAMP ! PORES ( ,RUSSIA'S ALREADY MEAG] SOCIAL LIFE1 & ONLY ! DESIRE = 0RECONCILIATION0 C\LD BE HE>D FROM ! DEMOCRATS4 ,BUT HEAL?Y PROLET>IAN 9/9CT SAV$ ! WORK+-CLASS ELEM5T 9 ! CAPITAL FROM ?IS 9TOXICATION4 
  

,REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY ,AGA9/ ! ,W> 

,! ADM9I/RATIVE & POLICE REPRESSION ?AT RA9$ ON ! ,PET]SBURG PROLET>IAT 9 ,JULY HAD NOT SMA%$ ! ILLEGAL CELLS ( ! ,SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC P>TY1 BUT ! MASS >RE/S & SE>*ES DID GREATLY WEAK5 ! QUALITY ( ! P>TY ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE WAS DEPRIV$ ( ITS BE/ WORK]S BUT /ILL MA9TA9$ ITS CONTACTS & WORK$ AS NORMAL4 

,!RE WAS ACUTE NE$ = 9TELLECTUAL WORK]S4 ,AFT] ! SWOOP ON ,PRAVDA !RE WAS NOT A S+LE P]SON ON ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE CAPABLE ( WRIT+ A LEAFLET4 ,I HAD TO SP5D MU* ( ! FIR/ DAY ( MOBILIZATION ) ! ,VYBORG REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE & 9 P>TICUL> ) COMRADE ,MOKHOVAYA1 :O WAS LAM5T+ ! LACK ( =CES & ASK$ ME TO WRITE A LEAFLET ON ! W>4 ,I WROTE IT & S5T IT 9TO ! DI/RICT COMMITTEE ! SAME DAY4 

,UPON ! DECL>ATION ( W> & 9 ! V]Y FIR/ WEEK ( ! MOBILIZATION1 \R WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS TOOK UP A HO/ILE ATTITUDE TO ! W>4 ,EV5 PRIOR TO ! CONV5+ ( ! ,/ATE ,DUMA1 ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE HAD ISSU$ ! LEAFLET ,I WROTE AGA9/ ! W>1 9 :I* ,I W>N$ ! PROLET>IAT AGA9/ ! LIE ?AT ! GOV]NM5T SUPPOS$LY HAD DECL>$ ! W> 9 ! NAME ( ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ,S]BIA & ! LIB]ATION ( ,GALICIA4 ,?IS LEAFLET1 :I* ,I MANAG$ TO F9D LAT] 9 ,POLICE ,DEP>TM5T FILES1 WAS SET 9 AN UND]GR\ND PR9T-%OP & RAN AS FOLL[S3 

,WORK]S ( ! WORLD1 UNITE6 

,TO ALL WORK]S1 PEASANTS & SOLDI]S6 

,COMRADES6 

,A BLOODY SPECT] HANGS OV] ,EUROPE4 ,! CAPITALI/S' GRE$Y COMPETITION1 ! POLITICS ( VIOL5CE & PLUND]1 DYNA/IC CALCULATION & FE> = PRIVILEGES 9 ! FACE ( ! RIS+ 9T]NATIONAL WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 >E DRIV+ ! GOV]NM5TS ( ALL C\NTRIES ALONG ! PA? ( MILIT>ISM1 ! PA? ( EXP&+ ! MILIT>Y MA*9E :I* CRU%ES ! LABOR+ PEOPLE ( ALL L&S & ALL COLORS ) ITS EXP5DITURE4 ,OV] REC5T YE>S ! ,EUROPEAN 0>M$ PEACE0 HAS BE5 MANY TIMES ?REAT5$ BY ! DANG] ( PASS+ OV] 9TO A G5]AL W> BUT ! SAB]-RATTL+ CAPITALI/S & L&LORDS HAVE BE5 COMPELL$ BY ! PRESSURE ( POPUL> PROTE/S 9 ,G]MANY1 ,FRANCE1 ,BRITA9 & O!R C\NTRIES TO REGULATE !IR AFFAIRS )\T BLOODY COLLISIONS BETWE5 PEOPLES4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,LABOR ,LEAGUE1 /&+ GU>D OV] ! 9T]E/S ( ALL ! LABOR+ PEOPLE ( ! WORLD1 HAS BE5 AT ! HEAD ( ?IS MOVEM5T 9 FAVOR ( PEACE & N[ CALLS UPON ! WORK+ CLASS ( ALL C\NTRIES TO PROTE/ AGA9/ ! W>4 0,D[N ) ! W>60 0,W> ON W>60 MU/ ROLL P[]FULLY ACROSS CITY & HAMLET ALIKE ACROSS ! WID? ( \R ,RUSSIA4 ,WORK]S MU/ REMEMB] ?AT !Y DO NOT HAVE 5EMIES OV] ! FRONTI]3 EV]Y:]E ! WORK+ CLASS IS OPPRESS$ BY ! RI* & ! P[] ( ! PROP]TY-[N]S4 ,EV]Y:]E IT IS OPPRESS$ BY ! YOKE ( EXPLOITATION & ! *A9S ( POV]TY4 

,9 ! CONFLICT ?AT WAS COM+ ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T HAD DECL>$ ITSELF ! 0PROTECTOR0 & 0LIB]ATOR0 ( ! ,SLAV PEOPLE BUT H]E WE SEE N[ NO PROTECTION BUT ONLY A ?IR/ = ! SEIZURE ( NEW POSSESSIONS4 ,DISPLAC$ FROM ! EA/ BY ,JAPAN1 \R IRRESPONSIBLE & BLOODY RUL]S >E ATTEMPT+1 BY MEANS ( SECRET DIPLOMATIC AGREEM5TS1 TO FI% 9 ! MURKY WAT]S ( ! ,NE> ,EA/4 ,! WORK+-CLASS PRESS HAS BE5 COMPLETELY /RANGL$ & IS UNABLE TO SPEAK ! TRU? 9 ?IS 0AGE ( BLOOD0 & YET B\RGEOIS & POLICE-MANAG$ NEWSPAP]S SPEAK ( A COMMUNITY ( 9T]E/S = WORK+ PEOPLE4 0,(F ) ! MASK60 WORK]S & ALL LABOR+ PEOPLE MU/ REPLY 9 ! FACE ( \R BA%I-BAZ\KS4 ,! GOV]NM5T ( OPPRESSORS ( ,RUSSIAN WORK]S & PEASANTS1 ! GOV]NM5T ( L&[N]S CANNOT BE A LIB]ATOR4 ,:]EV] IT P5ETRATES1 IT BR+S FETT]S1 ! LA% & LEAD4 ,)\T HAV+ TIME TO WA% WORK]S' BLOOD (F ! /REETS ( ,PET]SBURG & ONLY YE/]DAY BR&+ ALL ( WORK+-CLASS ,PET]SBURG AS WELL AS ALL ! WORK]S ( ,RUSSIA AS 05EMIES )90 AGA9/ :OM SAVAGE COSSACKS & M]C5>Y POLICE W5T 9TO ACTION1 !Y N[ CALL = ! DEF5SE ( ! FA!RL&4 ,SOLDI]S & WORK]S6 ,Y\ >E BE+ CALL$ ON TO DIE = ! GLORY ( ! COSSACK LA% & = ! GLORY ( A FA!RL& ?AT %OOTS />V+ PEASANTS & WORK]S & /RANGLES ITS BE/ SONS 9 PRISON4 ,NO1 WE DON'T WANT ! W>1 Y\ MU/ DECL>E4 ,WE WANT ! FRE$OM ( ,RUSSIA4 ,?AT MU/ BE Y\R CRY4 ,LONG LIVE WORLD-WIDE LABOR SOLID>ITY66 ,LONG LIVE ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY ?AT WILL GIVE ALL L& TO ! PEASANTS & WORK+ FOLK ! FRE$OM TO FI<T = A BETT] WORLD & SOCIALISM :]E ! PEOPLES WILL LIVE BY PEACEFUL LABOR4 ,D[N ) ! W>1 D[N ) ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T6 ,LONG LIVE ! REVOLUTION6 ,AMNE/Y = ALL M>TYRS = LIB]TY6 ,LONG LIVE ! EQUALITY ( NATIONALITIES6 

,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,R,S,D,L,P 

,! CONV5+ ( ! ,/ATE ,DUMA F\ND ! MAJORITY ( \R DEPUTIES AWAY 9 ! PROV9CES1 :]E A /RIKE MOVEM5T WAS DEVELOP+4 ,! ,DUMA SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC FACTION HAD A FEW MEET+S BE=E ! ,DUMA ASSEMBL$1 :]E ! DECL>ATION1 N[ FAMILI> TO ALL1 WAS ADOPT$4 ,TWO ATTITUDES TO ?IS W> W]E REVEAL$ 9 ! DRAFT+ PROCESS4 ,!RE W]E AMONG DEPUTIES ( ! ,M5%EVIK RI<T-W+ SUPPORT]S ( ! DEF5SE ( 0,RUSSIAN CULTURE04 ,?AT IS ONLY A PO9T 9 PASS+1 = (FICIALLY ! ,S,D FACTION BON GRE MAL GRE M>*$ TOGE!R ON ?IS QUE/ION4 ,! DECL>ATION1 BOLD & BRIEF 9 =M1 WAS 0,BOL%EVIK0 9 CONT5T & L&$ AMID ! *AUV9I/ YELP+ LIKE A /ONE 9 A /AGNANT M>%4 ,! RI<T W+ GREET$ IT ) :I/L+4 ,BUT ! WORK+ CLASS LE>N$ ( IT ) GREAT SATISFACTION4 

,WE W]E TO LE>N ( ! ATTITUDES ( ! O!R SOCIALI/ SECTIONS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL T[>DS ! W> FROM ! B\RGEOIS NEWSPAP]S4 ,! FIR/ REPORT FROM ,P>IS1 SEIZ$ UPON ) GLEE BY ! :OLE B\RGEOIS PRESS1 ANN\NC$ ?AT 0! ,FR5* SOCIALI/S & SYNDICALI/S HAVE DROPP$ !IR CRITICISM ( ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T'S ACTIONS04 ,! W> C5SOR%IP ?AT BANN$ NEWS ( POGROMS1 >RE/S & SE>*ES V]Y GRACI\SLY LET ?R\< ALL ! TELEGRAMS AB\T ! ACTIONS ( SOCIALI/S 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 ,WE KNEW AB\T ! VOT+ ( W> CR$ITS BY ! ,G]MAN 0OR?ODOXI/S0 ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,WE W]E WELL 9=M$ ON ! ACTIVITY ( ! NEW SOCIALI/ M9I/] ,V&]VELDE4 ,BIRZHEVKA1 ,VE*]NEE ,VREMYA1 ,KOPEIKA & O!RS DEVOT$ ALL !IR >TICLES TO ?IS & C>RI$ HIS PICTURE4 ,! REORGANIZATION ( ! ,FR5* M9I/RY 9TO A 0CAB9ET ( NATIONAL DEF5SE0 & ! ADMISSION ( SOCIALI/S 9TO ! M9I/RY WAS HAIL$ BY ALL \R PRESS AS A /ROKE ( G5IUS4 ,?IS PROVID$ ONLY A SUP]FLU\S PRETEXT = SI<S BY ! ,RUSSIAN LIB]ALS FROM ,RE* & O!R PAP]S AB\T H[ ?+S W]E SADLY NOT ! SAME H]E AS ELSE:]E1 SO EV]Y?+ W\LD /AY ! SAME4 

,M9I/] ,V&]VELDE'S TELEGRAM TO ! ,RUSSIAN SOCIALI/S WAS RECEIV$ BY ! DEPUTY1 ,*KHEIDZE1 VIA ! ,M9I/] ( ,=EIGN ,AFFAIRS4 ,WORK]S GOT TO KN[ ( IT VIA ! B\RGEOIS PRESS & CONSID]ABLY LAT] ?AN ITS RECEIPT4 ,BY !N COPIES ?AT HAD BE5 H&WRITT5 OR KNOCK$ \T ON TYPEWRIT]S HAD APPE>$4 

,9 CONTRA/ TO ! FACT ?AT 0,EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY0 HAD GIV5 V]Y POOR SUPPORT TO ! DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T 9 \R C\NTRY1 ,PET]SBURG WORK]S W]E V]Y S5SITIVE TO ! PR$ICAM5T ( ! ,BELGIAN PROLET>IAT4 ,H[EV] FEW ( ?OSE SOCIALI/S W\LD HAVE EXCUS$ ,V&]VELDE'S JO9+ ! ROYAL B\RGEOIS M9I/RY4 ,WE CONSID]$ ?AT ,V&]VELDE HAD AB&ON$ HIS PO/ & 9 ! GIV5 SITUATION ?AT F> \TWEI<$ ! ADVANTAGES ( A PORTFOLIO 9 A CL]ICAL CAB9ET4 

,NEV]!LESS ! W> GREATLY 9HIBIT$ ,PET]SBURG'S 0RI<T TO MASS MEET+S0 9 ! \TLY+ WOODS3 !RE W]E SOLDI]S & SPIES EV]Y:]E4 ,MOREOV]1 MANY WORK]S HAD BE5 MOBILIZ$ & ?IS OBLIG$ !M TO WORK OV]TIME - MANY W]E 9TIMIDAT$4 ,! DISCUSSION ( ,V&]VELDE'S TELEGRAM !RE=E TOOK PLACE 9SIDE ! PLANTS4 ,TO ORGANIZ$ WORK]S IT WAS NOT SO MU* ! REPLY ITSELF ?AT WAS IMPORTANT AS ! RELAT$ QUE/ION ( ! ATTITUDE TO ! W>4 ,ON ! QUE/ION ( A 0TRUCE0 !RE WAS COMPLETE UNANIMITY4 ,! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS - ,BOL%EVIKS1 ,PLEKHANOVITES & LIQUIDATORS - ALL /OOD = ! CONT9UATION ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T4 ,ON ?IS QUE/ION LIQUIDATIONI/ WORK]S P>T$ COMPANY FROM !IR CLOSE/ C\NSELORS1 ! (FICIALS ( ! HOSPITAL FUNDS & ! PATRIOTICALLY M9D$ ELEM5TS4 ,9 ! ASSESSM5T ( ! W> ITSELF !RE W]E 9DIVIDUAL FEEL+S ( ,FRANCOPHILIA1 AL?\< ON ! :OLE ! MASSES HAD A NEGATIVE ATTITUDE4 

,CURI\S 9SCRIPTIONS APPE>$ 9 OBSCURE CORN]S ( WORK%OPS3 0,COMRADES2 WE WON'T BE ANY BETT] (F IF ,RUSSIA W9S1 !Y'LL SQUA% US EV5 H>D]40 ,ONE C\LD JUDGE BY ?IS ! ANXIETY FELT BY ! WORK]S1 :OM EV]YONE WAS TRY+ TO LULL & 0UNITE0 ) !IR SWORN 5EMIES4 

,! ATTITUDE TO ! W> ( ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC 9TELLIG5TSIA WAS MU* MORE 0COMPLEX0 ?AN ! WORK]S' NEGATIVE ATTITUDE4 ,!Y ALL />T$ FROM ! FACT ?AT !Y OPPOS$ ! W> ON PR9CIPLE4 ,BUT !N CAME A /R+ ( QUALIFICATIONS />T+ ) 0BUT04 ,! 0LIT]ACY0 :I* SOCIAL DEMOCRATS HAD USUALLY DISPLAY$ BE=E ! W> DISAPPE>$ AS IF BY MAGIC4 ,! W> WAS NOT SE5 9 CONNECTION ) ! GOV]NM5TS' PREVI\S POLICIES1 BUT AS A 0FACT0 ) :I* WE HAD SUDD5LY BE5 CONFRONT$4 ,& IT WAS T[>DS ?IS 0FACT0 ?AT ! ATTITUDE ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA WAS NEBUL\S 9 ! EXTREME & DEFLECT$ MANY WORK]S FROM POSITIONS !Y HAD FIRMLY ADOPT$4 

,! MO/ WIDESPREAD OP9ION WAS ?AT ?IS W> W\LD BR+ AB\T ,RUSSIA'S EMANCIPATION FROM POLITICAL & ECONOMIC OPPRESSION BY ,G]MANY4 ,9 ! EV5T ( VICTORY = ! ,TRIPLE ,5T5TE1 ,RUSSIA W\LD GA9 FREE ACCESS ?R\< ! ,D>DANELLES & NEW TRAD+ AGREEM5TS W\LD CREATE ! POSSIBILITY = A RAPID DEVELOPM5T ( ! C\NTRY'S PRODUCTIVE =CES4 ,?IS 0M>XI/0 =MULATION ( ! QUE/ION S$UC$ FEW WORK]S3 !IR 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY C\LD NOT BE BLUNT$ BY FUTURE 0BLESS+S0 AFT] ! 0VICTORY04 ,!Y W\LD TELL ! 9TELLECTUALS AT MEET+S ?AT = ,G]MANY ! QUE/ION WAS ALSO ONE ( 0POSSIBLE FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES03 ! WAY \T ( ?IS KNOT ( CAPITALI/ CONFLICTS W\LD BE F\ND BY WORK]S ACT+ 9 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY4 ,WE SPOKE \T ON ! NE$ = 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS BETWE5 WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS4 ,?IS WAS CONSID]$ TO BE ! FACTOR ?AT C\LD REALLY ADVANCE AN ACTIVE /RUGGLE BY ,RUSSIAN WORK]S AGA9/ ! W>4 ,NEWS AB\T ! SOCIAL *AUV9I/S ( ,G]MANY & !IR TRUE E/IMATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 ! ACTIVE ASSI/ANCE ( REVOLUTION>IES 9 ! PLANS ( ! ,G]MAN ,G5]AL ,/AFF & ! 9FAM\S 0/RUGGLE AGA9/ CZ>ISM0 - ! %OOT+ ( ,RUSSIAN WORK]S & PEASANTS UPHELD BY ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS - GREATLY HAMP]$ \R PROPAG&A4 ,IT ALL SEEM$ TO US A MON/R\S PROVOCATION AGA9/ \R MOVEM5T4 

,H[EV]1 DESPITE ?IS DIFFICULT SITUATION1 \R ORGANIZATIONS CONT9U$ TO CONDUCT !IR ANTI-MILIT>I/ WORK4 ,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ,AUGU/ & 9 ,SEPTEMB] ! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE ISSU$ ANO!R SET ( LEAFLETS AGA9/ ! W>4 ,NEWS REA*$ US ?AT LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS - 9 ! ,CAUCASUS1 ,POL& & ! ,LI?UANIAN T]RITORY - HAD ALSO ISSU$ LEAFLETS AGA9/ ! W>4 ,! PUBLICATION ( ! LEAFLETS 9 ,PET]SBURG WAS ACCOMPANI$ BY SE>*ES & >RE/S4 ,OV] EI<TY PEOPLE W]E >RE/$4 

,9 ,POL&1 DESPITE ! PROMISE ?AT 0!RE >E NO LONG] 5SLAV$ PEOPLES01 GOV]NM5T POLICY REMA9$ REACTION>Y4 ,9 SEV]AL CITIES CLOSE TO ! !AT] ( OP]ATIONS1 SU* AS ,LODZ & ,W>SAW1 ! POLITICAL CLIMATE *ANG$ ACCORD+ TO :E!R ! ,G]MANS W]E APPROA*+ OR MOV+ AWAY FROM ! LOCALITY 9 QUE/ION4 ,! ,G]MAN MOVE ON ,W>SAW BR\<T 0LIB]TY0 BACK TO LIFE - >RE/S CEAS$1 ! CITY ADM9I/RATION FL$ & ! CITY WAS LEFT TO ITSELF4 ,?IS BR\<T 0PUBLIC-9ITIATIVE0 9TO BE+1 9 ! =M ( A RESID5TS' COMMITTEE :I* RAIS$ A MILITIA4 ,IT ALSO HELP$ TO SET UP *EAP OR FREE CANTE5S = ! UNEMPLOY$1 ( :OM !RE W]E A GREAT DEAL 9 ! DI/RICT4 ,WE RECEIV$ A PROCLAMATION FROM ,POL&3 

,RUSSIAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,LABOR ,P>TY 

,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY ( ! ,K+DOM ( ,POL& & ,LI?UANIA 

,FELL[ WORK]S1 

,! WORK+ CLASS1 9 ITS DAY-TO-DAY /RUGGLE AGA9/ EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION1 DIRECTS ! WEAPON ( ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS & WORK+-CLASS SOLID>ITY AGA9/ ITS 5EMIES4 ,ONLY 9 ! RANKS ( AN ORGANIZATION CAN EA* 9DIVIDUAL WORK] BECOME A =CE CAPABLE ( TRIUMPHANTLY FI<T+ %\LD] TO %\LD] = ! RI<TS ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ONE COMMON UPSURGE2 9 ! RANKS ( AN ORGANIZATION ! HE>TS & M9DS ( WORK]S BLAZE ) ! FLAME ( COMMON TASKS2 UND] ! BANN] ( AN ORGANIZATION ! CONSCI\SNESS ( WORK]S IS BORN & COMMON ACTION =G$4 ,! HI<] ! WAVE ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T RISES & ! MORE ACUTE ! G5]AL POLITICAL SITUATION1 ! MORE S]I\S >E ! TASKS ?AT FALL TO ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS & ! MORE CRUCIAL ITS [N WORK BECOMES4 ,WE >E LIV+ AT A TIME :5 HI/ORICAL EV5TS >E DEM&+ ?AT WORK]S CLOSELY UNIFY !IR RANKS1 & :5 QUE/IONS >E POS$ TO ! PROLET>IAT :I* CAN ONLY BE ANSW]$ BY />T+ \T FROM A WORK+-CLASS POLICY BAS$ UPON ! CLASS CONSCI\SNESS ( !4 PROLET>IAT & A PRECISE EXPLANATION ( ITS REVOLUTION>Y ASPIRATION TO DE/ROY ! EXI/+ SOCIAL SY/EM4 ,9 ! *AOS ( POLITICAL EV5TS & ! FIRE ( ! SOCIAL *ANGES CAUS$ BY ! ,EUROPEAN W>1 ! PROLET>IAT MU/ 5T] ! SC5E AS A HI<LY ORGANIZ$ DETA*M5T & A COMMUNITY MI<TY ) ! REVOLUTION>Y SLOGANS ( 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY4 

,FELL[ WORK]S1 TODAY EV]Y ?9K+ WORK]1 EV]Y PROLET>IAN TO :OM ! WORK]S' SACR$ CAUSE IS DE>1 MU/ BE 9 ! RANKS ( A WORK]S' ORGANIZATION4 ,AT A MOM5T ( GREAT TRIALS1 :5 IT IS S\<T TO DIV]T WORK]S FROM !IR REVOLUTION>Y PA? & BR+ CONFUSION 9TO WORK]S' CONSCI\SNESS1 ! /RONG] MU/ BE ! 9FLU5CE ( WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS UPON ! MASSES4 ,LET ! EF=TS ( WORK]S BE UNIT$ ALONG ! PA? ( CREAT+ P[]FUL ORGANIZATIONS1 LET ! PROLET>IAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC FLAG BE HOI/$ OV] ! WIDE PROLET>IAN CAMP & LET \R REVOLUTION>Y SLOGANS R+ \T EV] L\D] 9 WORK+-CLASS CIRCLES4 ,LONG LIVE ORGANIZATION6 ,LONG LIVE ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE6 ,LONG LIVE SOCIAL DEMOCRACY6 

,REGIONAL ,BO>D ( ,POLI% ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 

,! QUE/IONS ( ASSI/ANCE FREQU5TLY CONFRONT$ ,PET]SBURG WORK]S TOO4 ,EMPLOY]S AGITAT$ = ! D$UCTION ( A FIX$ P]C5TAGE = ! ,R$ ,CROSS1 BUT ?AT 9/ITUTION 5JOY$ ! CONFID5CE NEI!R ( WORK]S NOR EV5 ( 0SOCIETY04 ,/OPPAGES FROM PAY ON ! PATT]N ( ! ,RUSSO-,JAPANESE ,W>1 MADE )\T ! EMPLOYES' AU?ORITY1 CAUS$ PROTE/S 7E4G4 AT ,PUTILOV74 ,AID DID NOT COME = ! 0R$0 NOR ANY O!R CROSS4 ,WORK]S PO9T$ \T ?AT ! /ATE MU/ PROVIDE = ! W\ND$ & !IR FAMILIES 9 ! SAME WAY AS IT DID = (FIC]S4 ,BUT WORK]S DID F9D IT NECESS>Y TO AID ! VICTIMS :O POPULAT$ ! ,SIB]IAN TUNDRA & ! JAILS ( ,CZ> ,NI*OLAS1 ! 0LIB]ATOR0 ( ,EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY4 ,H[EV]1 SU* A BROAD MEASURE ( AID C\LD NOT BE GIV5 LEGALLY1 & MANY PEOPLE BEGAN TO ?9K AB\T ORGANIZ+ SPECIAL FACTORY CELLS 09 AID ( W> VICTIMS01 AMONG :OM W\LD BE 9CLUD$ CONVICTS1 ! UNEMPLOY$1 & FAMILIES ( WORKMATES AT ! FRONT4 ,IT WAS DECID$ TO CONTRIBUTE SU* AID ?R\< ! HOSPITAL FUNDS & ON A CITY-WIDE SCALE4 ,COLLECTIONS HAD ALREADY BE5 MADE AT ! ,SEM5OV WORKS & ! ,NEVA %IPY>DS1 BUT ) ! EXCEPTION ( ! ,NEVA DI/RICT :I* S5T !M TO ! LOCAL POOR PEOPLE'S HOME1 ! FUNDS W]E HELD BACK UNTIL ! POSSIBILITY ( CREAT+ \R [N ORGANIZATION HAD BE5 EXPLOR$4 

,AMONG ! 0LEGALI/S0 ! IDEA EM]G$ ( US+ ?IS 0B5EVOL5CE0 TO LEGALIZE P>TY CELLS1 BUT ?IS IDEA NEV] W5T BEYOND ! DESIRES ( 9TELLECTUALS4 ,MEMB]S ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA SU* AS ,F9N1 ,DUBOIS & COMPANY CONDUCT$ PATRIOTIC SESSIONS AT ! ,FREE ,ECONOMICS ,SOCIETY4 ,\R COMRADES TRI$ TO MAKE USE ( ?IS 9/ITUTION = ! B5EFIT ( ! LOCAL SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION1 BUT ! SOCIETY WAS BY ! NATURE ( ITS ACTIVITIES TOO F> FROM BE+ SOCIALI/4 
  

,! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,DUMA ,FACTION & ! ,W> 

,9 ! FIR/ WEEKS ( ! W> ,I HAD A MEET+ ) \R ,/ATE ,DUMA DEPUTIES1 COMRADES ,PETROVSKY & ,BADAYEV4 ,?IS WAS AFT] !IR APPE>ANCE ON #bf ,JULY 9 ! ,DUMA & !IR DEMON/RATIVE EXIT FROM ! DEBAT+ *AMB]4 ,I REMEMB] H[ DEEPLY !Y HAD BE5 %OCK$ BY ! BEHAVIOR ( ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS4 ,! ATTITUDE ( ! ,FR5* P>TY SADD5$ !M LESS1 AS IT WAS FROM ! ,G]MANS ?AT ALL SOCIAL DEMOCRATS ( ?AT TIME 0LE>N$0 H[ TO BE SOCIALI/S4 ,I P]SONALLY1 AFT] MY ILLEGAL /AY & WORK !RE 9 #aiab 7AS A ,FR5*MAN1 ,GU/AVE ,B\RNE71 HAD SUB/ANTIALLY AM5D$ MY 0FAI?0 9 ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 

,! DEPUTIES & ! FEW WORK]S :O W]E 9VIT$ TRI$ TO F9D A KEY TO ! ,G]MANS' CONDUCT4 ,SEV]AL EXPRESS$ ! S5TIM5T ?AT ! DECID+ FACTOR WAS PROBABLY ! ?REAT ( CZ>ISM1 & IT WAS COMMON KN[L$GE ?AT EV5 ,5GELS HAD1 9 HIS DAY1 WI%$ = A W> AGA9/ CZ>I/ ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT :ATEV] ! REASONS1 IT ALL AM\NT$ TO ONE ?+ ONLY3 SU* BEHAVIOR WAS A BETRAYAL ( ALL ! PRECEPTS ( REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM4 ,AT ! CRUCIAL MOM5T ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS HAD FELT ?AT !Y W]E CLOS] TO !IR [N B\RGEOISIE ?AN TO ! WORK]S ( O!R C\NTRIES4 ,NATIONALISM HAD PROV$ /RONG] ?AN SOCIALISM4 

,! ACTION ( \R DEPUTIES 9 ! ,DUMA HAD BE5 WELCOM$ BY WORK]S4 ,BUT 9TELLECTUALS REACT$ DIFF]5TLY4 ,WAV]+ HAD ALREADY BEGUN4 ,9 ! FIR/ WEEKS ( ! W> A SPECIAL GA!R+ ( M>XI/ 9TELLECTUALS WAS HELD 9 SOME CLUB 9 ,BASKOVAYA ,/REET4 ,!RE W]E A FEW LAWY]S1 LIT]>Y FIGURES & O!RS !RE SU* AS ,N4,D4 ,SOKOLOV1 ,N4,N4 ,KRE/9SKY1 ,A4 ,BLUM1 ,N4,I4 ,YORDANSKY & O!RS4 ,FROM ! EX*ANGE ( OP9IONS1 *>ACT]IZ$ BY !IR MANY %ADES & HESITATIONS1 ! FUTURE SOCIAL PATRIOTS C\LD ALREADY BE DEF9$4 ,H[EV]1 ! MAJORITY ( ?OSE PRES5T W]E /ILL A%AM$ TO TIE SOCIALISM TO ! *>IOT ( W>4 

,L59'S !SES ON ! ATTITUDE TO ! W>1 LAT] ELABORAT$ 9 ,SOTSIAL-,DEMOKRAT NO4 #c1 APPE>$ 9 ,PET]SBURG 9 AB\T ,AUGU/4 ,!Y W]E BR\<T1 ,I BELIEVE1 BY ! DEPUTY1 COMRADE ,SAMOILOV4 ,!Y RESPOND$ TO ! MOOD ( P>TY WORK]S AT ! TIME1 BUT ! QUE/ION ( 0DEFEATISM0 DID CAUSE P]PLEXITY4 ,COMRADES DID NOT WANT TO L9K !IR TACTICS TO ! >MY'S /RATEGIC SITUATION1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME NOBODY WI%$ ,NI*OLAS ,I,I ! SMALLE/ VICTORY1 AS IT WAS CLE> ?AT A VICTORY W\LD /R5G!N ! VILE/ REACTION4 ,AT ! 5D ( ,AUGU/ \R SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC 7,BOL%EVIK7 ORGANIZATIONS BEGAN TO REVIVE & RECOV] FROM ! BL[S DEALT BY ! ,JULY >RE/S & ! MOBILIZATION4 ,! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE WAS PROP]LY RECON/ITUT$ & WORK PUT 9 H&4 

,MY POSITION AS A ,FR5*MAN 9 ,PET]SBURG WAS EXTREMELY PREC>I\S4 ,ALL ,FR5*M51 AS FROM #d ,AUGU/ 7NEW /YLE71 HAD BE5 CALL$ UP & W]E PREP>+ TO DEP>T = ,M>SEILLES VIA ! ,BLACK ,SEA4 ,I W5T ON WORK+ AT ,]ICSSONS1 BANK+ ON ! FACT ?AT ! ,FR5* CONSULATE W\LD NOT HAVE ! WIT TO CALL UP ITS NATIONALS ?R\< ! ,RUSSIAN POLICE & ?AT MY ADDRESS WAS1 ,I SUPPOS$1 UNKN[N AT ! EMBASSY OR ! CONSULATE4 ,H[EV]1 MOV+ FROM ONE FIRM TO ANO!R AS ,I HAD IMAG9$ DO+ WAS N[ RISKY1 & ,I DECID$ TO /AY UNTIL ! EXPIRY DATE ( ! VISA 9 MY PASSPORT & ! OBLIGATORY ISSUE ( A FIX$ RESID5CE P]MIT BY ! CITY GOV]NOR'S (FICE1 & !N LEAVE ,RUSSIA4 ,?AT DATE WAS 9 ,SEPTEMB]4 

,P>TY WORK AT ,]ICSSONS WAS PROCE$+ WELL4 ,>GUM5TS & DISCUSSION TOOK PLACE EV]Y DAY >\ND MY B5* ON ALL ! PROBLEMS ( LABOR POLITICS4 ,ONE W\LD V]Y R>ELY MEET PATRIOTISM 9 WORK]S !N1 AS ! WAVE ( SOCIAL-*AUV9ISM ?AT BEGAN 9 9TELLECTUAL CIRCLES HAD NOT YET ROLL$ AS F> AS ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,I GOT TO KN[ ALL ! MO/ ACTIVE WORK]S 9 ! DI/RICT4 ,COMRADES AT ! ,]ICSSON WORKS :O DIRECT$ ! LOCAL P>TY WORK W\LD COME TO CONSULT ) ME BE=E CONDUCT+ ANY CAMPAIGN4 ,WORK]S AT ,]ICSSONS :O DID P>TY WORK & WORK = ! HOSPITAL FUND 9CLUD$ COMRADES ,KAYUROV1 ,NAZ>OV1 ,GRIGORIEV & ,SLADKOV4 ,I QUICKLY ACQUIR$ ! NICKNAME ( ! 0,BOL%EVIK ,FR5*MAN01 & ) IT ! DEEP DISLIKE ( ! ,M5%EVIKS1 ESPECIALLY ! 9TELLECTUALS :O WORK$ 9 ! HOSPITAL FUND4 ,AFT] ,V&]VELDE'S FAM\S WELCOME1 SEV]AL ( !M :O HAD KN[N ME FROM ,P>IS MADE SOME TREA*]\S H9TS AT ,]ICSSONS REG>D+ MY TRUE HOMEL&4 ,BUT WORK] COMRADES QUICKLY PUT !SE CU/OM]S 9 !IR PLACE & /AT$ ?R\< !IR REPRES5TATIVES 9 ! HOSPITAL FUND ?AT IF !RE WAS ANY UNPLEASANTNESS T[>DS ! ,FR5*MAN !N ! :ISP]]S W\LD BE BR&$ PROVOCATEURS4 

,AS ! ACTS ( W> DEVELOP$1 SO ! WORK ( ! PATRIOTS 9T5SIFI$4 ,! *AUV9ISM ( ! B\RGEOISIE & ITS LACKEYS 9 ! NEWSPAP]S REA*$ FR5ZY PO9T1 & POGROMS OCCURR$4 ,BLACK ,HUNDR$ ?UGS ADD$ ! 0,YID0 TO ! ,G]MAN1 & NATIONAL HATR$ WAS SY/EMATICALLY FO/]$4 ,ONLY ! WORK]S' CIRCLES DID NOT SUCCUMB TO ?IS4 ,I C\LD OBS]VE ?IS NOT ONLY 9 ! ,VYBORG DI/RICT BUT ELSE:]E4 

,I EV5 HAD A CLA% ) A ,BLACK ,HUNDR$ITE \TSIDE ! ,NEVA ,GATE1 & ! WORK]S' SYMPA?Y WAS :OLLY ON MY SIDE4 ,I WAS HEAD+ = MY [N PEOPLE'S PLACE ON ! ,/EKLYANNY & SETTL$ D[N ON TOP ( A ,NEVA /EAM TRAM4 ,! OV]CR[D+ ( TRAMS ?AT HAS S9CE BECOME USUAL WAS !N ALREADY BEG9N+4 ,!RE W]E MANY PASS5G]S1 MA9LY WORK]S4 ,! CONV]SATION WAS AB\T ! W>4 ,ONE CLEV] G5T1 :O LOOK$ LIKE A POLICE CL]K1 />T$ A SPEE* AB\T >RE/+ ,G]MANS & EXPRESS$ A DESIRE = 0,YIDS0 TO BE >RE/$ TOO1 AS 9 HIS OP9ION !Y W]E ALL SPIES4 ,I C\LD NOT TAKE ANY MORE & ASK$ :Y EXACTLY HE WANT$ TO >RE/ ! ,JEWS1 :5 !Y W]E ,RUSSIAN CITIZ5S8 ,HE SWORE AB\T ! ,JEWS & REPLI$ ?AT IT WAS OBVI\S ,I WAS A ,YID1 O!RWISE ,I W\LD NOT />T DEF5D+ !M4 ,SEE+ ?AT ,I HAD BE=E ME AN 9VET]ATE ,BLACK ,HUNDR$ITE1 ,I DECID$ TO PUNI% HIM4 ,I BR\<T MY PASSPORT \T & %[$ IT TO HIM & ! PEOPLE NE>BY4 ,!N ,I LET HIM HAVE A PROLET>IAN BOX ON ! E>S & SAT D[N4 ,! :OLE C> WAS ON MY SIDE4 ,! ,BLACK ,HUNDR$ITE LEAP$ AT ME1 BUT WAS ESCORT$ FROM ! UPP] DECK BY ! PASS5G]S !MSELVES4 ,AT ?AT PO9T WE W]E APPROA*+ A /OP & ! ANTI-SEMITE RU%$ (F TO GET ! HELP ( A POLICEMAN1 ASK+ AB\T ! BYE-LAWS ON (F5SES AGA9/ ! P]SON4 ,! POLICEMAN K9DLY REQUE/$ ME TO ALI<T1 BUT ! WORK+-CLASS PASS5G]S W\LD NOT LET ME GO & EXPLA9$ TO ! POLICEMAN ?AT ! COMPLA9ANT \<T HIMSELF TO BE S5T TO ! POLICE /ATION4 ,! LATT]1 N[ RE9=C$ BY ! POLICEMAN1 SUMMON$ UP ! C\RAGE TO />T A SLANG+ MAT* ) ! WORK]S4 ,BUT ! POLICEMAN HAD DECID$ NOT TO GO AGA9/ ! PASS5G]S & A =EIGN]2 ! CONDUCTOR1 HE>+ ! COMPLA9ANT SWE>+1 REFUS$ TO BACK HIM UP BUT GAVE ! BELL A TUG & ! TRAM MOV$ (F4 ,I GOT (F AT ! NEXT JUNCTION2 ! HOOLIGAN WAS SITT+ 9 ! CORN]1 PRETTY QUIETLY N[4 ,TWO WORK]S GOT (F ) ME & ACCOMPANI$ ME = AB\T TWO HUNDR$ Y>DS & !N W5T BACK4 

,BUT !RE WAS NO SU* MOOD 9 ! CITY C5T]4 ,! PATRIOTIC HOOLIGANS W\LD 5JOY IMMUNITY & BEAT UP PASS]SBY :O DID NOT REMOVE !IR HATS :5 !Y MET A DEMON/RATION S++ ,GOD SAVE ! ,CZ>4 ,I REMEMB] H[ ONCE1 TRAVEL+ ALONG ! ,LITE9Y FROM ! ,NEVSKY ,PROSPEKT1 WE MET A MOB ( C>ETAK]S1 SECOND>Y-S*OOL PUPILS1 /UD5TS1 PETTY BUREAUCRATS & ALL SORTS ( RIFF-RAFF S++ ,GOD SAVE ! ,CZ>4 ,AS SOON AS ! /RA9S W]E HE>D1 EV]YONE 9 ! C> PROMPTLY1 & = DIFF]5T MOTIVES1 REMOV$ !IR HEADGE>4 ,I ALONE REMA9$ 9 MY B[L] HAT1 MU* TO ! 9DIGNATION ( ! ,WOMAN NEXT TO ME1 :O /RUCK UP A RHY?MIC *ANT ( 0HATS (F1 HATS (F04 ,I READ MY NEWSPAP] )\T PAY+ ANY ATT5TION1 BUT ! PATRIOTIC LADY TOOK H] COMPLA9T TO ! PASS5G]S3 0,G5TLEM51 HE'S NOT TAK+ HIS HAT (F40 ,EV]YONE FELL SIL5T4 ,! C> BRAK$ & SLIC$ 9TO A /RAGGL+ CR[D ( DEMON/RATORS4 ,MY NEI<BOR LEAP$ TO ! DOORWAY & EXCLAIM$1 0,%AME ON Y\10 9 A TONE ( 9JUR$ PATRIOTISM1 EVID5TLY 9VIT+ ! DEMON/RATORS TO HAVE A GO AT ME4 ,TE>+ MYSELF AWAY FROM MY NEWSPAP]1 ,I ASK$ H]1 0,MAIS P\RQUOI FA80 ,! EFFECT WAS REM>KABLE4 ,! GOOD LADY CLASP$ MY H& & EXCLAIM$ L\DLY3 0,SO Y\'RE A ,FR5*MAN10 & />T$ TO *ATT] AWAY AB\T H] ,FR5* ACQUA9TANCES4 ,I SOLEMNLY RESPOND$ TO H] FRAT]NIZATION ) ! ,FR5* )1 0,FI*EZ-MOI LA PAIX10 & MADE H] SIT D[N AGA94 ,%E KEPT TRY+ TO SMOO? OV] H] TACTLESSNESS & EXCUSE H]SELF TO ! N[ EXCIT$ PEOPLE >\ND H]1 BUT C\LD NOT TAKE IT & GOT (F AT ! V]Y FIR/ /OP4 

,! 5D ( ,SEPTEMB] >RIV$1 & ) IT ! 5D ( MY REBELLI\S & HAPPY-GO-LUCKY WAY ( LIFE AS A =EIGN] 9 MY [N C\NTRY4 ,NEV] 9 MY LIFE HAD ,I 5JOY$ SO MU* FRE$OM 9 MY HOMEL& NOR EV5 ! RESPECT ( ! C>ETAK]S AS ,I DID 9 ?OSE SIX MON?S AS A ,FR5* CITIZ5 ( ,PET]SBURG4 ,BUT ?OSE SIX MON?S FLEW PA/ LIKE A SUNNY ,MAY DAY1 LEAV+ HAPPY MEMORIES ( WORK+-CLASS /RUGGLE1 SOLID>ITY & READ9ESS = SACRIFICE4 ,I HAVE NEV] WANT$ TO ?9K ?AT IT W\LD AGA9 BE NECESS>Y TO GO W&]+ 0ACROSS FRONTI]S01 ADJU/ TO NEW CONDITIONS & TE> MYSELF AWAY FROM ! DAY-TO-DAY /RUGGLE ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT1 BUT MY PROLET>IAN FRI5DS RAIS$ ! QUE/ION ( 9T]NATIONAL COMMUNICATION & CONTACTS ) \R ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ABROAD4 ,ALL !SE TASKS C\LD BE ACCOMPLI%$ BE/ BY MYSELF1 SO COMRADES PROPOS$ ?AT ,I TAKE ! JOB & NOT APPLY = A ,RUSSIAN PASSPORT BUT MAKE USE ( MY PRIVILEGES AS AN ALI5 TO MAKE A TRIP ABROAD4 

,! ,PET]SBURG ,COMMITTEE ALONG ) ! ,DUMA FACTION DECID$ TO MAKE ME !IR REPRES5TATIVE ABROAD4 ,\R ORGANIZATIONS HAD V]Y LITTLE MONEY1 SO ,I C\LD ONLY BE ASSIGN$ TW5TY-FIVE RUBLES4 ,BY N[ ,I HAD MANAG$ TO E>N 5\< = ! J\RNEY & A MON?'S LIV+ ABROAD1 & ALSO TO LEAVE SOME = MY AG+ MO!R4 ,! ,DUMA FACTION GAVE ME SEV]AL SPECIFIC ASSIGNM5TS & A REPLY TO ,V&]VELDE'S TELEGRAM ?AT WAS TO BE PR9T$ 9 NO4 #cc ( ,SOTSIAL-,DEMOKRAT4 ,?IS RAN AS FOLL[S3 

,A REPLY TO ,EMILE ,V&]VELDE 

,DE> COMRADE1 

,N[ WE HAVE BECOME ,FAMILI> ) Y\R TELEGRAM FROM ! ,RUSSIAN PAP]S WE CONSID] IT NECESS>Y = \R P>T TO MAKE ! FOLL[+ /ATEM5T3 

,! GREAT CONFLICT ?AT HAS BR\<T ! *IEF CIVILIZ$ NATIONS 9TO COLLISION CANNOT LEAVE ,RUSSIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 9DIFF]5T4 ,?IS W> DEEPLY AFFECTS ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORLD DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T1 ON ! ONE H&1 PLAC+ ! ,FR5* REPUBLIC & ! ,BRITI% & ,BELGIAN DEMOCRACIES UND] ! BL[S ( SEMI-FEUDAL ,G]MAN MILIT>ISM &1 ON ! O!R1 LEAD+ TO ! GR[? ( ! POLITICAL 9FLU5CE & RETR5*M5T ( ! ,ROMANOV MON>*Y4 

,:ILE FULLY BE>+ 9 M9D ! ANTI-DEMOCRATIC NATURE ( ,PRUSSIAN HEGEMONY & ,PRUSSIAN MILIT>ISM1 WE ,RUSSIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS CANNOT =GET ALSO ?AT NO LESS DANG]\S 5EMY ( ! WORK+ CLASS & DEMOCRACY1 NAMELY1 ,RUSSIAN ABSOLUTISM4 

,9 ! SPH]E ( DOME/IC POLICY IT REMA9S AS BE=E ! EXPON5T ( RU?LESS OPPRESSION & LIMITLESS EXPLOITATION4 ,& EV5 N[ :5 IT MI<T HAVE SEEM$ ?AT ! W> REQUIR$ IT TO ACT ) GREAT] CAUTION1 IT REMA9S TRUE TO =M & CONT9UES A POLICY ( SUPPRESS+ ALL DEMOCRACY1 ALL OPPRESS$ NATIONALITIES & ! WORK+ CLASS 9 P>TICUL>4 

,AT ! PRES5T TIME ALL SOCIALI/ NEWSPAP]S HAVE BE5 CLOS$ D[N1 WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS DISSOLV$ & >RE/S & EXILES )\T TRIAL CONT9UE4 ,IF ! W> 5DS ) ! TOTAL VICTORY ( ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T & ! DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T DOES NOT REGA9 ITS POSITION1 ?IS GOV]NM5T WILL AFT] ! W> CONT9UE ITS ANTI-POPUL> POLICY BO? AT HOME & ABROAD :]E IT WILL BECOME ! C5T] & BULW>K ( 9T]NATIONAL REACTION4 ,! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT CANNOT1 !RE=E1 UND] ANY CONDITIONS1 M>* H& 9 H& ) \R GOV]NM5T NOR CONCLUDE ANY TRUCE ) IT1 H[EV] TEMPOR>Y1 NOR AF=D IT ANY SUPPORT4 ,!RE CAN BE NO QUE/ION H]E ( SOME LOYALTY4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y WE CONSID] IT \R MO/ PRESS+ TASK TO WAGE ! MO/ IRRECONCILABLE /RUGGLE AGA9/ IT1 /&+ FIRM ON \R OLD DEM&S SO UNANIM\SLY ADVANC$ & SUPPORT$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN WORK+ CLASS 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y DAYS ( #aie & AGA9 MEET+ SU* WIDE ACCEPTANCE 9 ! MASS POLITICAL MOVEM5T ( ! ,RUSSIAN WORK+ CLASS OV] ! PA/ TWO YE>S4 ,DUR+ ! W> 9TO :I* MILLIONS ( PEASANTS & PROLET>IANS HAVE BE5 DRAGG$1 \R IMM$IATE TASK CAN BE NO?+ BUT ONE ( RESI/+ ! DISA/]S PRODUC$ BY ! W> BY EXT5D+ & /R5U\SLY DEVELOP+ ! CLASS ORGANIZATIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT & ! BROAD LAY]S ( ! DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T & MAK+ USE ( ! W> CRISIS TO PREP>E ! PEOPLE'S AW>5ESS1 SO AS TO ASSI/ ! QUICKE/ POSSIBLE REALIZATION ( ! TASKS ( #aie BY ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,?US \R MO/ IMM$IATE SLOGAN REMA9S ! CONV5+ ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY4 

,& WE >E DO+ ?IS PRECISELY 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! DEMOCRACY :OSE SUPPORT Y\ 9VITE FROM ,RUSSIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 9 Y\R TELEGRAM4 ,RUSSIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY =MS BY NO MEANS ! LEA/ SIGNIFICANT DETA*M5T 9 ! RANKS ( ! WORLD-WIDE DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T1 & BY FI<T+ = ITS 9T]E/S WE >E !REBY DEF5D+ ! 9T]E/S ( ! LATT]1 EXT5D+ ITS BASE & /R5G!N+ ITS =CES4 

,BESIDES1 WE DO NOT ?9K ?AT ?IS /RUGGLE ( \RS RUNS AT CROSS-PURPOSES ) ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY SO DE> TO US ALL4 ,WE >E CONV9C$ ON ! CONTR>Y ?AT IT IS JU/ ! EXI/5CE ( ABSOLUTISM 9 ,RUSSIA ?AT HAS GIV5 ! *IEF SUPPORT TO REACTION>Y MILIT>ISM 9 ,EUROPE & MADE ,G]MANY ! HEGEMON ( ,EUROPE & A DANG]\S 5EMY ( ,EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY4 

,9 ADDITION WE CANNOT CLOSE \R EYES TO ! FUTURE ( ,EUROPEAN SOCIALISM & DEMOCRACY4 ,AFT] ! W> AN ]A ( ! FUR!R CON/RUCTION ( ,EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY WILL 9EVITABLY 5SUE4 ,& !N ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T EM]G+ FROM A VICTORI\S W> ) R$\BL$ /R5G? & PRE/IGE W\LD =M ONE ( ! MO/ SOLID OB/ACLES & ?REATS TO ?IS DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T4 

,?AT IS :Y ALL-R\ND EXPLOITATION ( ITS DIFFICULT POSITION BY \RSELVES 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ,RUSSIAN LIB]TY =MS \R DIRECT DUTY & WILL 9 ! F9AL C\NT PROVE B5EFICIAL AT ! SAME TIME TO ! CAUSE ( DEMOCRACY1 :I* IS AS DE> TO US AS TO ALL MEMB]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! TRUE 9T]E/S ( ,EUROPEAN & WORLD DEMOCRACY CAN BE GU>ANTE$ NOT BY ,RUSSIAN CZ>ISM BUT ONLY BY ! GR[? & /R5G!N+ ( ! DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,?US1 FROM EV]Y PO9T ( VIEW1 HI/ORY SETS US ! TASK ( CONT9U$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! REGIME RUL+ 9 ,RUSSIA & = IMM$IATE REVOLUTION>Y SLOGANS4 ,ONLY 9 ?IS WAY WILL WE R5D] A TRUE S]VICE TO ! ,RUSSIAN WORK+ CLASS1 WORLD DEMOCRACY & ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 :OSE ROLE MU/1 9 \R DEEP CONVICTION1 9EVITABLY GR[ 9 ! NE> FUTURE ) ! BALANC+ ( ACC\NTS ( ?IS T]RIBLE W>1 AS ?IS W> WILL )\T D\BT OP5 ! EYES ( BACKW>D LAY]S ( LABOR+ MASSES & =CE !M TO SEEK SALVATION FROM ! HORRORS ( MILIT>ISM & CAPITALISM ONLY ?R\< ! REALIZATION ( \R COMMON SOCIALI/ IDEAL4 

,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,R,S,D,L,P4 

,T[>DS EV5+ ON ONE ( ! LA/ DAYS ( ,SEPTEMB] #aiad ,I GOT SAFELY OV] ! ,F9NI% BORD]4 ,I HAD DECID$ TO /OP (F ON ! WAY AT ,MU/AMIAKI TO SEE COMRADE ,KAM5EV4 ,A LITTLE ,F9NI% COA*MAN :ISK$ ME (F TO ! SETTLEM5T :]E ! COMRADES LIV$ & WAIT$ !RE TO TAKE ME BACK4 ,COMRADE ,KAM5EV HAD ALREADY RECEIV$ ! !SES ON ! ATTITUDE TO ! W> FROM \R P>TY'S ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE & EXPRESS$ A MEASURE ( DISAGREEM5T ) !M4 ,I MET ,YORDANSKY !RE TOO1 :O HAD ALREADY TURN$ PATRIOTIC1 & COMRADE ,/EKLOV1 :O HAD BE5 ?R\< A LOT 9 ,G]MANY YET NONE ! LESS WAS 9 TUNE ) ,YORDANSKY1 AL?\< AT TIMES = OPPOSITE REASONS4 ,9 HIS OP9ION1 BY ! W> ,FRANCE WAS PAY+ ! PRICE = H] ALLIANCE ) ,RUSSIA4 ,HE SAW 9 ,G]MANY'S ECONOMIC MI<T ! 9EVITABILITY ( H] VICTORY OV] H] OPPON5TS4 ,BEYOND SU* PROPOSITIONS HE W\LD NOT GO = ! TIME BE+4 

,FOOTNOTE 

#a4 ,! ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES W]E COLLOQUIALLY REF]R$ TO AS ,N>ODNIKS4 - ,$4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #e1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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