,P>T #a 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADIS 

,TEXT 3 

,P>T ,ONE 

.<,9TRODUCTION.> 

,! IDEAS SET =? 9 ?IS DISCUSSION P]HAPS WILL BE UND]/OOD MORE READILY IF WE RETRACE ! R\TE ?AT HAS L$ US TO !M4 ,9DE$1 WE />T$ (F FROM POSITIONS 9 :I* A MILITANT WORK] OR A ,M>XI/ 9EVITABLY PLACES HIMSELF AT A C]TA9 /AGE 9 HIS DEVELOPM5T & !RE=E POSITIONS EV]YONE WE >E ADDRESS+ HAS %>$ AT ONE TIME OR ANO!R4 ,& IF ! CONCEPTIONS SET =? H]E HAVE ANY VALUE AT ALL1 !IR DEVELOPM5T CANNOT BE ! RESULT ( *ANCE OR P]SONAL TRAITS BUT \<T TO EMBODY AN OBJECTIVE LOGIC AT WORK4 ,PROVID+ A DESCRIPTION ( ?IS DEVELOPM5T1 !RE=E1 CAN ONLY 9CREASE ! READ]'S UND]/&+ ( ! 5D RESULT & MAKE IT EASI] = HIM TO *ECK IT AGA9/ HIS EXP]I5CE4.<#a.> 

,LIKE A HO/ ( O!R MILITANTS 9 ! VANGU>D1 WE BEGAN ) ! DISCOV]Y ?AT ! TRADITIONAL L>GE 0WORK+-CLASS0 ORGANIZATIONS NO LONG] HAVE A REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XI/ POLITICS NOR DO !Y REPRES5T ANY LONG] ! 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! ,M>XI/ >RIVES AT ?IS CONCLUSION BY COMP>+ ! ACTIVITY ( !SE 0SOCIALI/0 7RE=MI/7 OR 0COMMUNI/0 7,/AL9I/7 ORGANIZATIONS ) HIS [N !ORY4 ,HE SEES ! SO-CALL$ ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES P>TICIPAT+ 9 B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5TS1 ACTIVELY REPRESS+ /RIKES OR MOVEM5TS ( COLONIAL PEOPLES1 & *AMPION+ ! DEF5SE ( ! CAPITALI/ FA!RL& :ILE NEGLECT+ EV5 TO MAKE REF]5CE TO A SOCIALI/ SY/EM ( RULE4 ,HE SEES ! ,/AL9I/ 0,COMMUNI/0 P>TIES SOMETIMES C>RY+ \T ?IS SAME OPPORTUNI/IC POLICY ( COLLABORAT+ ) ! B\RGEOISIE & SOMETIMES AN 0EXTREMI/0 POLICY1 A VIOL5T ADV5TURISM UNRELAT$ TO A CONSI/5T REVOLUTION>Y /RATEGY4 ,! CLASS-CONSCI\S WORK] MAKES ! SAME DISCOV]IES ON ! LEVEL ( HIS WORK+-CLASS EXP]I5CE4 ,HE SEES ! SOCIALI/S SQU&]+ !IR 5]GIES TRY+ TO MOD]ATE HIS CLASS'S ECONOMIC DEM&S1 TO MAKE ANY EFFECTIVE ACTION AIM$ AT SATISFY+ !SE DEM&S IMPOSSIBLE1 & TO SUB/ITUTE 9T]M9ABLE DISCUSSIONS ) ! BOSS OR ! ,/ATE = ! /RIKE4 ,HE SEES ! ,/AL9I/S AT C]TA9 TIMES /RICTLY =BIDD+ /RIKES 7AS WAS ! CASE FROM #aide TO #a#i#d#g7 & EV5 TRY+ TO CURTAIL !M ?R\< VIOL5CE .<#b.> OR FRU/RAT+ !M UND]H&$LY .<#c.> & AT O!R TIMES TRY+ TO HORSE:IP WORK]S 9TO A /RIKE !Y DO NOT WANT BECAUSE !Y P]CEIVE ?AT IT IS ALI5 TO !IR 9T]E/S 7AS 9 #a#i#e#a-#e#b1 ) ! 0ANTI-,AM]ICAN0 /RIKES74 ,\TSIDE ! FACTORY1 HE ALSO SEES ! ,SOCIALI/S & ! ,COMMUNI/S P>TICIPATE 9 CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5TS )\T IT *ANG+ HIS LOT ONE BIT1 & HE SEES !M JO9 =CES1 9 #aicf AS WELL AS 9 #a#i#d#e1 :5 HIS CLASS IS READY TO ACT & ! REGIME HAS ITS BACK AGA9/ ! WALL1 9 ORD] TO /OP ! MOVEM5T & SAVE ?IS REGIME1 PROCLAIM+ ?AT ONE MU/ 0KN[ TO 5D A /RIKE0 & ?AT ONE MU/ 0PRODUCE FIR/ & MAKE ECONOMIC DEM&S LAT]40 

,ONCE !Y HAVE E/ABLI%$ ?IS RADICAL OPPOSITION BETWE5 ! ATTITUDE ( ! TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATIONS & A REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XI/ POLITICS EXPRESS+ ! IMM$IATE & HI/ORICAL 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IAT1 BO? ! ,M>XI/ & ! CLASS-CONSCI\S WORK] MI<T !N ?9K ?AT !SE ORGANIZATIONS 0]R0 .<SE TROMP5T.> OR ?AT !Y 0>E BETRAY+ US40 ,BUT TO ! EXT5T ?AT !Y REFLECT ON ! SITUATION1 & DISCOV] = !MSELVES ?AT SOCIALI/S & ,/AL9I/S BEHAVE ! SAME WAY DAY AFT] DAY1 ?AT !Y ALWAYS & EV]Y:]E HAVE BEHAV$ 9 ?IS WAY1 9 ! PA/1 TODAY1 H]E1 & EV]Y:]E ELSE1 !Y BEG9 TO SEE ?AT TO SPEAK ( 0BETRAYAL0 OR 0MI/AKES0 DOES NOT MAKE ANY S5SE4 ,IT C\LD BE A QUE/ION ( 0MI/AKES0 ONLY IF !SE P>TIES PURSU$ ! GOALS ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION ) 9ADEQUATE MEANS1 BUT !SE MEANS1 APPLI$ 9 A COH]5T & SY/EMATIC FA%ION = SEV]AL DOZ5 YE>S1 %[ SIMPLY ?AT ! GOALS ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS >E NOT \R GOALS1 ?AT !Y EXPRESS 9T]E/S O!R ?AN ?OSE ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,ONCE ?IS IS UND]/OOD1 SAY+ ?AT !Y 0>E BETRAY+ US0 MAKES NO S5SE4 ,IF1 9 ORD] TO SELL HIS JUNK1 A M]*ANT TELLS ME SOME LOAD ( CRAP & TRIES TO P]SUADE ME ?AT IT IS 9 MY 9T]E/ TO BUY IT1 ,I CAN SAY ?AT HE IS TRY+ TO DECEIVE ME .<IL ME TROMPE.> BUT NOT ?AT HE IS BETRAY+ ME4 ,LIKEWISE1 ! ,SOCIALI/ OR ,/AL9I/ P>TY1 9 TRY+ TO P]SUADE ! PROLET>IAT ?AT IT REPRES5TS ITS 9T]E/S1 IS TRY+ TO DECEIVE IT BUT IS NOT BETRAY+ IT2 !Y BETRAY$ IT ONCE & = ALL A LONG TIME AGO1 & S9CE !N !Y >E NOT TRAITORS TO ! WORK+ CLASS BUT FAI?FUL & CONSI/5T S]V]S ( O!R 9T]E/S4 ,:AT WE NE$ TO DO IS DET]M9E :OSE 9T]E/S !Y S]VE4 

,9DE$1 ?IS POLICY DOES NOT M]ELY APPE> CONSI/5T 9 ITS MEANS OR 9 ITS RESULTS4 ,IT IS EMBODI$ 9 ! LEAD]%IP /RATUM ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS OR TRADE UNIONS4 ,! MILITANT QUICKLY LE>NS ! H>D WAY ?AT ?IS /RATUM IS IRREMOVABLE1 ?AT IT SURVIVES ALL DEFEATS1 & ?AT IT P]PETUATES ITSELF ?R\< CO-OPTATION4 ,:E!R ! 9T]NAL ORGANIZATION ( !SE GR\PS IS 0DEMOCRATIC0 7AS IS ! CASE ) ! RE=MI/S7 OR DICTATORIAL 7AS IS ! CASE ) ! ,/AL9I/S71 ! MASS ( MILITANTS HAVE ABSOLUTELY NO 9FLU5CE OV] ITS ORI5TATION1 :I* IS DET]M9$ )\T FUR!R APPEAL BY A BUREAUCRACY :OSE /ABILITY IS NEV] PUT 9TO QUE/ION2 = EV5 :5 ! LEAD]%IP CORE %\LD HAPP5 TO BE REPLAC$1 IT IS REPLAC$ = ! B5EFIT ( ANO!R1 NO LESS BUREAUCRATIC GR\P4 

,AT ?IS PO9T1 ! ,M>XI/ & ! CLASS-CONSCI\S WORK] >E ALMO/ B\ND TO COLLIDE ) ,TROTSKYISM4.<#d.> ,9DE$1 ,TROTSKYISM HAS (F]$ A P]MAN5T1 /EP-BY-/EP CRITIQUE ( SOCIALI/ & ,/AL9I/ POLITICS = ! PA/ QU>T] C5TURY1 %[+ ?AT ! DEFEATS ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T - ,G]MANY1 #a#i#b#c2 ,*9A1 #a#i#b#e-#b#g2 ,5GL& #a#i#b#f2 ,G]MANY1 #a#i#c#c2 ,AU/RIA1 #a#i#c#d2 ,FRANCES #a#i#c#f2 ,SPA91 #a#i#c#f-#c#h2 ,FRANCE & ,ITALY1 #a#i#d#e-#d#g2 ETC4 - >E DUE TO ! POLICIES ( ! TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATIONS1 & ?AT !SE POLICIES HAVE CON/ANTLY BE5 9 BREA* ( ,M>XISM4 ,AT ! SAME TIMES ,TROTSKYISM .<#e.> (F]S AN EXPLANATION ( ! POLICIES ( !SE P>TIES1 />T+ FROM A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ( !IR MAKEUP4 ,= RE=MISM1 IT TAKES UP AGA9 ! 9T]PRETATION PROVID$ BY ,L593 ,! RE=M+ ( ! SOCIALI/S EXPRESSES ! 9T]E/S ( A LABOR >I/OCRACY 7S9CE IMP]IALI/ SURPLUS PR(ITS ALL[ ! LATT] TO BE 0CORRUPT$0 BY HI<] WAGES7 & ( A TRADE UNION & POLITICAL BUREAUCRACY4 ,AS = ,/AL9ISM1 ITS POLICY S]VES ! ,RUSSIAN BUREAUCRACY1 ?IS P>ASITIC & PRIVILEG$ /RATUM ?AT HAS USURP$ P[] 9 ! FIR/ WORK]S' ,/ATE1 ?ANKS TO ! BACKW>D *>ACT] ( ! C\NTRY & ! SETBACK SUFF]$ BY ! WORLD REVOLUTION AFT] #a#i#b#c4 

,WE BEGAN \R CRITICAL WORK1 EV5 BACK :5 WE W]E )9 ! ,TROTSKYI/ MOVEM5T1 ) ?IS PROBLEM ( ,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRACY4 ,:Y WE BEGAN ) ?AT PROBLEM 9 P>TICUL> NE$S NO LONG 9VOLV$ EXPLANATIONS4 ,:]EAS ! PROBLEM ( RE=M+ SEEM$ TO BE SETTL$ BY HI/ORY1 AT LEA/ ON ! !ORETICAL LEVEL1 AS IT BECAME MORE & MORE AN OV]T DEF5D] ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1.<#f.> ON ! MO/ CRUCIAL PROBLEM ( ALL1 ?AT ( ,/AL9ISM - :I* IS ! CONTEMPOR>Y PROBLEM P> EXCELL5CE & :I* 9 PRACTICE WEI<S ON US MORE HEAVILY ?AN ! FIR/ - ! HI/ORY ( \R TIMES HAS DISPROV$ AGA9 & AGA9 BO? ! ,TROTSKYI/ VIEWPO9T & ! =ECA/S ?AT HAVE BE5 D]IV$ FROM IT4 ,= ,TROTSKY1 ,/AL9I/ POLICY IS TO BE EXPLA9$ BY ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,RUSSIAN BUREAUCRACY1 A PRODUCT ( ! DEG5]ATION ( ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION4 ,?IS BUREAUCRACY HAS NO 0REALITY ( ITS [N0 HI/ORICALLY SPEAK+2 IT IS ONLY AN 0ACCID5T0 ! PRODUCT ( ! CON/ANTLY UPSET BALANCE BETWE5 ! TWO FUNDAM5TAL =CES ( MOD]N SOCIETY1 CAPITALISM & ! PROLET>IAT4 ,EV5 9 ,RUSSIA IT IS BAS$ UPON ! 0CONQUE/S ( ,OCTOB]10 :I* HAD PROVID$ SOCIALI/ BASES = ! C\NTRY'S ECONOMY 7NATIONALIZATION1 PLANN+1 MONOPOLY OV] =EIGN TRADE1 ETC47 & UPON ! P]PETUATION ( CAPITALISM 9 ! RE/ ( ! WORLD2 = ! RE/ORATION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 ,RUSSIA W\LD SIGNIFY ! OV]?R[ ( ! BUREAUCRACY & HELP BR+ AB\T ! RETURN ( ! CAPITALI/S1 :]EAS ! SPREAD ( ! REVOLUTION WORLDWIDE W\LD DE/ROY ,RUSSIA'S ISOLATION - ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL RESULT ( :I* WAS ! BUREAUCRACY & W\LD GIVE RISE TO A NEW REVOLUTION>Y EXPLOSION ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT1 :O W\LD *ASE (F !SE USURP]S4 ,H5CE ! NECESS>ILY EMPIRICAL *>ACT] ( ,/AL9I/ POLITICS1 :I* IS OBLIG$ TO WAV] BETWE5 TWO ADV]S>IES & MAKES ITS OBJECTIVE ! UTOPIAN MA9T5ANCE ( ! /ATUS QUO2 IT EV5 IS OBLIG$ !REBY TO SABOTAGE EV]Y PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T ANY TIME ! LATT] 5DANG]S ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM & TO OV]COMP5SATE AS WELL = ! RESULTS ( !SE ACTS ( SABOTAGE ) EXTREME VIOL5CE EV]Y TIME REACTION>IES1 5C\RAG$ BY ! DEMORALIZATION ( ! PROLET>IAT1 TRY TO SET UP A DICTATOR%IP & PREP>E A CAPITALI/ CRUSADE AGA9/ 0! REMNANTS ( ! ,OCTOB] CONQUE/S40 ,?US1 ,/AL9I/ P>TIES >E CONDEMN$ TO FLUCTUATE BETWE5 0EXTREMI/0 ADV5TURESS & OPPORTUNISM4 

,BUT NEI!R CAN !SE P>TIES NOR ! ,RUSSIAN BUREAUCRACY REMA9 HANG+ 9DEF9ITELY 9 MIDAIR LIKE ?IS4 ,9 ! ABS5CE ( A REVOLUTION1 ,TROTSKY SAID1 ! ,/AL9I/ P>TIES W\LD BECOME MORE & MORE LIKE ! RE=M+ P>TIES & MORE & MORE ATTA*$ TO ! B\RGEOIS ORD]1 :ILE ! ,RUSSIAN BUREAUCRACY W\LD BE OV]?R[N ) OR )\T =EIGN 9T]V5TION SO AS TO BR+ AB\T A RE/ORATION ( CAPITALISM4 

,TROTSKY HAD TI$ ?IS PROGNO/ICATION TO ! \TCOME ( ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>4 ,AS IS WELL KN[N1 ?IS W> DISPROV$ IT 9 ! MO/ GL>+ T]MS4 ,! ,TROTSKYI/ LEAD]%IP MADE ITSELF LOOK RIDICUL\S BY /AT+ ?AT IT WAS JU/ A MATT] ( TIME4 ,BUT IT HAD BECOME APP>5T TO US1 EV5 BE=E ! W> 5D$1 ?AT IT WAS NOT & C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 A QUE/ION ( SOME K9D ( TIME LAG1 BUT RA!R ( ! DIRECTION ( HI/ORY1 & ?AT ,TROTSKY'S 5TIRE $IFICE WAS1 D[N TO ITS V]Y F\NDATIONS1 MY?OLOGICAL4 

,! ,RUSSIAN BUREAUCRACY UND]W5T ! CRITICAL TE/ ( ! W> & %[$ IT HAD AS MU* COHESIV5ESS AS ANY O!R DOM9ANT CLASS4 ,IF ! ,RUSSIAN REGIME ADMITT$ ( SOME CONTRADICTIONS1 IT ALSO EXHIBIT$ A DEGREE ( /ABILITY NO LESS ?AN ?AT ( ! ,AM]ICAN OR ,G]MAN REGIME4 ,! ,/AL9I/ P>TIES DID NOT GO OV] TO ! SIDE ( ! B\RGEOIS ORD]4 ,!Y HAVE CONT9U$ TO FOLL[ ,RUSSIAN POLICY FAI?FULLY 7AP>T1 ( C\RSE1 FROM 9DIVIDUAL DEFECTIONS1 AS TAKE PLACE 9 ALL P>TIES73 ,!Y >E P>TIZANS ( NATIONAL DEF5SE 9 C\NTRIES ALLI$ TO ! ,U,S,S,R1 & ADV]S>IES ( ?IS K9D ( DEF5SE 9 C\NTRIES ?AT >E 5EMIES ( ! ,U,S,S,R 7WE 9CLUDE H]E ! ,FR5* ,C,P'S S]IES ( TURNAB\TS 9 #a#i#c#i1 #a#i#d#a1 & #a#i#d#g74 ,F9ALLY1 ! MO/ IMPORTANT & EXTRAORD9>Y ?+ WAS ?AT ! ,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRACY EXT5D$ ITS P[] 9TO O!R C\NTRIES2 :E!R IT IMPOS$ ITS P[] ON BEHALF ( ! ,RUSSIAN >MY1 AS 9 MO/ ( ! SATELLITE C\NTRIES ( ,C5TRAL ,EUROPE & ! ,BALKANS1 OR HAD COMPLETE DOM9ATION OV] A CONFUS$ MASS MOVEM5T1 AS 9 ,YUGOSLAVIA 7OR LAT] ON 9 ,*9A & 9 ,VIETNAM71 IT 9AUGURAT$ 9 !SE C\NTRIES REGIMES ?AT W]E 9 EV]Y RESPECT SIMIL> TO ! ,RUSSIAN REGIME 7TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT1 ( C\RSE1 LOCAL CONDITIONS74 ,IT OBVI\SLY WAS RIDICUL\S TO DESCRIBE !SE REGIMES AS DEG5]AT$ WORK]S' ,/ATES4.<#g.> 

,FROM !N ON1 !RE=E1 WE W]E OBLIG$ TO LOOK 9TO :AT GAVE SU* /ABILITY & OPPORTUNITIES = EXPANSION TO ! ,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRACY1 BO? 9 ,RUSSIA & ELSE:]E4 ,TO DO ?IS1 WE HAD TO RESUME ! ANALYSIS ( ,RUSSIA'S ECONOMIC & SOCIAL SY/EM ( RULE4 ,ONCE RID ( ! ,TROTSKYI/ \TLOOK1 IT WAS EASY TO SEE US+ ! BASIC CATEGORIES ( ,M>XISM1 ?AT ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY IS DIVID$ 9TO CLASSES1 AMONG :I* ! TWO FUNDAM5TAL ONES >E ! BUREAUCRACY & ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! BUREAUCRACY !RE PLAYS ! ROLE ( ! DOM9ANT1 EXPLOIT+ CLASS 9 ! FULL S5SE ( ! T]M4 ,IT IS NOT M]ELY ?AT IT IS A PRIVILEG$ CLASS & ?AT ITS UNPRODUCTIVE CONSUMPTION ABSORBS A P>T ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCT COMP>ABLE TO 7& PROBABLY GREAT] ?AN7 ?AT ABSORB$ BY ! UNPRODUCTIVE CONSUMPTION ( ! B\RGEOISIE 9 PRIVATE CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES4 ,IT ALSO HAS SOV]EIGN CONTROL OV] H[ ! TOTAL SOCIAL PRODUCT WILL BE US$4 ,IT DOES ?IS FIR/ ( ALL BY DET]M9+ H[ ! TOTAL SOCIAL PRODUCT WILL BE DI/RIBUT$ AMONG WAGES & SURPLUS VALUE 7AT ! SAME TIME ?AT IT TRIES TO DICTATE TO ! WORK]S ! L[E/ WAGES POSSIBLE & TO EXTRACT FROM !M ! GREATE/ AM\NT ( LABOR POSSIBLE73 NEXT BY DET]M9+ H[ ?IS SURPLUS VALUE WILL BE DI/RIBUT$ BETWE5 ITS [N UNPRODUCTIVE CONSUMPTION & NEW 9VE/M5TS1 & F9ALLY BY DET]M9+ H[ !SE 9VE/M5TS WILL BE DI/RIBUT$ AMONG ! V>I\S SECTORS ( PRODUCTION4 

,BUT ! BUREAUCRACY CAN CONTROL H[ ! SOCIAL PRODUCT WILL BE UTILIZ$ ONLY BECAUSE IT CONTROLS PRODUCTION4 ,BECAUSE IT MANAGES PRODUCTION AT ! FACTORY LEVEL1 IT ALWAYS CAN MAKE ! WORK]S PRODUCE MORE = ! SAME WAGE2 BECAUSE IT MANAGES PRODUCTION ON ! SOCIETAL LEVEL1 IT CAN DECIDE TO MANUFACTURE CANNONS & SILK RA!R ?AN H\S+ & COTTON4 ,WE DISCOV]1 !RE=E1 ?AT ! ESS5CE1 ! F\NDATION1 ( ITS BUREAUCRATIC DOM9ATION OV] ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY COMES FROM ! FACT ?AT IT HAS DOM9ANCE )9 ! RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION2 AT ! SAME TIME1 WE DISCOV] ?AT ?IS SAME FUNCTION ALWAYS HAS BE5 ! BASIS = ! DOM9ATION ( ONE CLASS OV] SOCIETY1 9 O!R WORDS1 AT EV]Y 9/ANT ! ACTUAL ESS5CE ( CLASS RELATIONS 9 PRODUCTION IS ! ANTAGONI/IC DIVISION ( ?OSE :O P>TICIPATE 9 ! PRODUCTION PROCESS 9TO TWO FIX$ & /ABLE CATEGORIES1 DIRECTORS & EXECUTANTS4 ,EV]Y?+ ELSE IS CONC]N$ ) ! SOCIOLOGICAL & JURIDICAL ME*ANISMS ?AT GU>ANTEE ! /ABILITY ( ! MANAG]IAL /RATUM2 ?AT IS H[ IT IS ) FEUDAL [N]%IP ( ! L&1 CAPITALI/ PRIVATE PROP]TY1 OR ?IS /RANGE =M ( PRIVATE1 NON-P]SONAL PROP]TY [N]%IP ?AT *>ACT]IZES PRES5T-DAY CAPITALISM2 ?AT IS H[ IT IS 9 ,RUSSIA ) ! 0,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY0 ! TOTALIT>IAN DICTATOR%IP BY ! ORGAN ?AT EXPRESSES ! BUREAUCRACY'S G5]AL 9T]E/S & ?AT 5SURES ?AT ! MEMB]S ( ! RUL+ CLASS >E RECRUIT$ ?R\< CO-OPTATION ON ! SCALE ( SOCIETY AS A :OLE4.<#h.> 

,IT FOLL[S ?AT PLANN+ & ! NATIONALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION 9 NO WAY RESOLVE ! PROBLEM ( ! CLASS *>ACT] ( ! ECONOMY1 NOR DO !Y SIGNIFY ! ABOLITION ( EXPLOITATION2 ( C\RSE1 !Y 5TAIL ! ABOLITION ( ! =M] DOM9ANT CLASSES1 BUT !Y DO NOT ANSW] ! FUNDAM5TAL PROBLEM ( :O N[ WILL DIRECT PRODUCTION & H[4 ,IF A NEW /RATUM ( 9DIVIDUALS TAKES OV] ?IS FUNCTION ( DIRECTION1 0ALL ! OLD RUBBI%0 ,M>X SPOKE AB\T WILL QUICKLY REAPPE>1 = ?IS /RATUM WILL USE ITS MANAG]IAL POSITION TO CREATE PRIVILEGES = ITSELF1 IT WILL RE9=CE ITS MONOPOLY OV] MANAG]IAL FUNCTIONS1 9 ?IS WAY T5D+ TO MAKE ITS DOM9ATION MORE COMPLETE & MORE DIFFICULT TO PUT 9TO QUE/ION2 IT WILL T5D TO ASSURE ! TRANSMISSION ( !SE PRIVILEGES TO ITS SUCCESSORS1 ETC4 

,= ,TROTSKY1 ! BUREAUCRACY IS NOT A RUL+ CLASS S9CE BUREAUCRATIC PRIVILEGES CANNOT BE TRANSMITT$ BY 9H]ITANCE4 ,BUT 9 DEAL+ ) ?IS >GUM5T1 WE NE$ ONLY RECALL 7#a7 ?AT H]$IT>Y TRANSMISSION IS 9 NO WAY AN ELEM5T NECESS>Y TO E/ABLI% ! CATEGORY ( 0RUL+ CLASS10 & 7#b7 ?AT1 MOREOV]1 IT IS OBVI\S H[1 9 ,RUSSIA1 MEMB]%IP 9 ! BUREAUCRACY 7NOT1 ( C\RSE1 9 SOME P>TICUL> BUREAUCRATIC PO/7 CAN BE PASS$ D[N2 A MEASURE SU* AS ! ABOLITION ( FREE SECOND>Y $UCATION 7LAID D[N 9 #a#i#c#f7 SUFFICES TO SET UP AN 9EXORABLE SOCIOLOGICAL ME*ANISM ASSUR+ ?AT ONLY ! *ILDR5 ( BUREAUCRATS WILL BE ABLE TO 5T] 9TO ! C>E] ( BE+ A BUREAUCRAT4 ,?AT1 9 ADDITION1 ! BUREAUCRACY MI<T WANT TO TRY 7US+ $UCATIONAL GRANTS OR APTITUDE TE/S 0BAS$ UPON M]ITS ALONE07 TO BR+ 9 TAL5T$ PEOPLE FROM ! PROLET>IAT OR ! PEASANTRY NOT ONLY DOES NOT CONTRADICT BUT EV5 CONFIRMS ITS *>ACT] AS AN EXPLOIT+ CLASS3 ,SIMIL> ME*ANISMS HAVE ALWAYS EXI/$ 9 CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES1 & !IR SOCIAL FUNCTION IS TO RE9VIGORATE ! RUL+ /RATUM ) NEW BLOOD1 TO MITIGATE 9 P>T ! IRRATIONALITIES RESULT+ FROM ! H]$IT>Y *>ACT] ( MANAG]IAL FUNCTIONS1 & TO EMASCULATE ! EXPLOIT$ CLASSES BY CORRUPT+ !IR MO/ GIFT$ MEMB]S4 

,IT IS EASY TO SEE ?AT IT IS NOT A QUE/ION H]E ( A PROBLEM P>TICUL> TO ,RUSSIA OR TO ! #a#i#bS4 ,= ! SAME PROBLEM IS POS$ 9 EV]Y MOD]N SOCIETY1 EV5 AP>T FROM ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION2 IT IS JU/ ANO!R EXPRESSION ( ! PROCESS ( CONC5TRATION ( ! =CES ( PRODUCTION4 ,:AT1 9DE$1 CREATES ! OBJECTIVE POSSIBILITY = A BUREAUCRATIC DEG5]ATION ( ! REVOLUTION8 ,IT IS ! 9EXORABLE MOVEM5T ( ! MOD]N ECONOMY1 UND] ! PRESSURE ( TE*NIQUE1 T[>D ! MORE & MORE 9T5SE CONC5TRATION ( CAPITAL & P[]1 ! 9COMPATIBILITY ( ! ACTUAL DEGREE ( DEVELOPM5T ( ! =CES ( PRODUCTION ) PRIVATE PROP]TY & ! M>KET AS ! WAY 9 :I* BUS9ESS 5T]PRISES >E 9TEGRAT$4 ,?IS MOVEM5T IS EXPRESS$ 9 A HO/ ( /RUCTURAL TRANS=MATIONS 9 ,WE/]N CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES1 ?\< WE CANNOT DWELL UPON ?AT RI<T N[4 ,WE NE$ ONLY RECALL ?AT !Y >E SOCIALLY 9C>NAT$ 9 A NEW BUREAUCRACY1 AN ECONOMIC BUREAUCRACY AS WELL AS A WORK-PLACE BUREAUCRACY4 ,N[1 BY MAK+ A TABULA RASA ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 ( ! M>KET1 ETC41 REVOLUTION CAN - IF IT /OPS AT ?AT PO9T - MAKE ! R\TE ( TOTAL BUREAUCRATIC CONC5TRATION EASI]4 ,WE SEE1 !RE=E1 ?AT F> FROM BE+ DEPRIV$ ( ITS [N REALITY1 BUREAUCRACY P]SONIFIES ! F9AL /AGE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 

,S9CE !N IT HAS BECOME OBVI\S ?AT ! PROGRAM ( ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION & ! PROLET>IAT'S OBJECTIVE NO LONG] C\LD BE M]ELY ! SUPPRESSION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 ! NATIONALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & PLANN+1 BUT RA!R WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ( ! ECONOMY & ( P[]4 ,RETURN+ TO ! DEG5]ATION ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 WE E/ABLI%$ ?AT ON ! ECONOMIC LEVEL ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY HAD AS ITS PROGRAM NOT WORK]S' MANAGEM5T BUT WORK]S' CONTROL4 ,?IS WAS BECAUSE ! ,P>TY1 :I* DID NOT ?9K ! REVOLUTION C\LD IMM$IATELY BE A SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION1 DID NOT EV5 POSE = ITSELF ! TASK ( EXPROPRIAT+ ! CAPITALI/S1 & !RE=E ?\<T ?AT ?IS LATT] CLASS W\LD REMA9 AS MANAG]S 9 ! WORKPLACE4 ,UND] SU* CONDITIONS1 ! FUNCTION ( WORK]S' CONTROL W\LD BE TO PREV5T ! CAPITALI/S FROM ORGANIZ+ TO SABOTAGE PRODUCTION1 TO GET CONTROL OV] !IR PR(ITS & OV] ! DISPOSITION ( ! PRODUCT1 & TO SET UP A 0S*OOL0 ( MANAGEM5T = ! WORK]S4 ,BUT ?IS SOCIOLOGICAL MON/ROSITY ( A C\NTRY :]E ! PROLET>IAT EX]CISES ITS DICTATOR%IP ?R\< ! 9/RUM5T ( ! SOVIETS & ( ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY1 & :]E ! CAPITALI/S KEEP !IR PROP]TY & CONT9UE TO DIRECT !IR 5T]PRISES1 C\LD NOT LA/2 :]E ! CAPITALI/S HAD NOT FL$1 !Y W]E EXPELL$ BY ! WORK]S1 :O !N TOOK OV] ! MANAGEM5T ( !SE 5T]PRISES4 

,?IS FIR/ EXP]I5CE ( WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ONLY LA/$ A %ORT TIME2 WE CANNOT GO 9TO AN ANALYSIS H]E ( ?IS P]IOD ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 7:I* IS QUITE OBSCURE & AB\T :I* FEW S\RCES EXI/71.<"9.> OR ( ! FACTORS ?AT DET]M9$ ! RAPID *ANGEOV] ( P[] 9 ! FACTORIES 9TO ! H&S ( A NEW MANAG]IAL /RATUM4 ,AMONG !SE FACTORS >E ! BACKW>D /ATE ( ! C\NTRY1 ! PROLET>IAT'S NUM]ICAL & CULTURAL WEAKNESS1 ! DILAPIDAT$ CONDITION ( ! PRODUCTIVE APP>ATUS1 ! LONG CIVIL W> ) ITS UNPREC$5T$ VIOL5CE1 & ! 9T]NATIONAL ISOLATION ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,!RE IS ONE FACTOR :OSE EFFECT DUR+ ?IS P]IOD WE WI% TO EMPHASIZE3 ,9 ITS ACTIONS1 ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY'S POLICY WAS SY/EMATICALLY OPPOS$ TO WORK]S' MANAGEM5T & T5D$ FROM ! />T TO SET UP ITS [N APP>ATUS = DIRECT+ PRODUCTION1 SOLELY RESPONSIBLE TO ! C5TRAL P[]1 I4E41 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 TO ! ,P>TY4 ,?IS WAS DONE 9 ! 9 NAME ( EFFICI5CY & ! OV]RID+ NECESSITIES BR\<T ON BY ! CIVIL W>4 ,:E!R ?IS POLICY WAS ! MO/ EFFECTIVE ONE EV5 9 ! %ORT T]M IS OP5 TO QUE/ION2 9 ANY CASE1 9 ! LONG RUN IT LAID ! F\NDATIONS = BUREAUCRACY4 

,IF ! MANAGEM5T .<DIRECTION.> ( ! ECONOMY ?US ELUD$ ! PROLET>IAT1 ,L59 ?\<T ! ESS5TIAL ?+ WAS = ! P[] ( ! SOVIETS TO PRES]VE = ! WORK]S AT LEA/ ! LEAD]%IP .<DIRECTION.> ( ! ,/ATE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 HE ?\<T ?AT BY P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! MANAGEM5T ( ! ECONOMY ?R\< WORK]S' CONTROL1 TRADE UNIONS1 & SO ON1 ! WORK+ CLASS W\LD GRADUALLY 0LE>N0 TO MANAGE4 ,NEV]!LESS1 A S]IES ( EV5TS ?AT CANNOT BE RETRAC$ H]E1 BUT ?AT W]E 9EVITABLE QUICKLY MADE ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY'S DOM9ATION OV] ! SOVIETS IRREV]SIBLE4 ,FROM ?IS PO9T ONW>D1 ! PROLET>IAN *>ACT] ( ! :OLE SY/EM H+$ ON ! PROLET>IAN *>ACT] ( ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY4 ,WE C\LD EASILY %[ ?AT UND] SU* CONDITIONS ! ,P>TY1 A HI<LY C5TRALIZ$ M9ORITY ) MONOPOLY CONTROL OV] ! EX]CISE ( P[]1 NO LONG] W\LD BE ABLE TO PRES]VE EV5 ITS PROLET>IAN *>ACT] 79 ! /RONG S5SE ( ?IS T]M71 & ?AT IT WAS B\ND TO SEP>ATE ITSELF FROM ! CLASS FROM :I* IT HAD >IS54 ,BUT !RE IS NO NE$ TO GO AS F> AS ?AT4 ,9 #a#i#b#c1 0! ,P>TY NUMB]$ #e1 WORK]S & #c1 FUNCTION>IES 9 ITS TOTAL ( #c#e1 MEMB]S4 ,IT NO LONG] WAS A WORK]S' P>TY BUT A P>TY ( WORK]S-TURN$-FUNCTION>IES40.<#i.> ,BR++ TOGE!R ! 0ELITE0 ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ! ,P>TY HAD BE5 L$ TO 9/ALL ?IS ELITE 9 ! COMM& PO/S ( ! ECONOMY & ! ,/ATE2 H5CE ?IS ELITE HAD TO BE ACC\NTABLE ONLY TO ! ,P>TY ITSELF4 ,! WORK+ CLASS'S 0APPR5TICE%IP0 9 MANAGEM5T M]ELY SIGNIFI$ ?AT A C]TA9 NUMB] ( WORK]S1 :O W]E LE>N+ MANAG]IAL TE*NIQUES1 LEFT ! RANK & FILE & PASS$ OV] TO ! SIDE ( ! NEW BUREAUCRACY4 ,AS PEOPLE'S SOCIAL EXI/5CE DET]M9ES !IR CONSCI\SNESS1 ! ,P>TY MEMB]S W]E GO+ TO ACT FROM !N ON1 NOT ACCORD+ TO ! ,BOL%EVIK PROGRAM1 BUT 9 T]MS ( !IR CONCRETE SITUATION AS PRIVILEG$ MANAG]S ( ! ECONOMY & ! /ATE4 ,! TRICK HAS BE5 PLAY$1 ! REVOLUTION HAS DI$1 & IF !RE IS SOME?+ TO BE SURPRIS$ AB\T1 IT IS RA!R H[ LONG IT TOOK = ! BUREAUCRACY TO CONSOLIDATE ITS P[]4.<#a.> 

,! CONCLUSIONS ?AT FOLL[ FROM ?IS BRIEF ANALYSIS >E CLE>3 ,! PROGRAM ( ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION CAN BE NO?+ O!R ?AN WORK]S' MANAGEM5T4 ,WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ( P[]1 I4E41 ! P[] ( ! MASSES' AUTONOM\S ORGANIZATIONS 7SOVIETS OR C\NCILS72 WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ( ! ECONOMY1 I4E41 ! PRODUC]S' DIRECTION ( PRODUCTION1 ALSO ORGANIZ$ 9 SOVIET-/YLE ORGANS4 ,! PROLET>IAT'S OBJECTIVE CANNOT BE NATIONALIZATION & PLANN+ )\T ANY?+ MORE1 BECAUSE ?AT W\LD SIGNIFY ?AT ! DOM9ATION ( SOCIETY W\LD BE H&$ OV] TO A NEW /RATUM ( RUL]S & EXPLOIT]S2 IT CANNOT BE A*IEV$ BY H&+ OV] P[] TO A P>TY1 H[EV] REVOLUTION>Y & H[EV] PROLET>IAN ?IS P>TY MI<T BE AT ! \TSET1 BECAUSE ?IS P>TY 9EVITABLY WILL T5D TO EX]CISE ?IS P[] ON ITS [N BEHALF & WILL BE US$ AS ! NUCLEUS = ! CRY/ALLIZATION ( A NEW RUL+ /RATUM4 ,9DE$1 9 \R TIME ! PROBLEM ( ! DIVISION ( SOCIETY 9TO CLASSES APPE>S MORE & MORE 9 ITS MO/ DIRECT & NAK$ =M1 & /RIPP$ ( ALL JURIDICAL COV]1 AS ! PROBLEM ( ! DIVISION ( SOCIETY 9TO DIRECTORS & EXECUTANTS4 ,! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION C>RIES \T ITS HI/ORICAL PROGRAM ONLY 9S(> AS IT T5DS FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+ TO ABOLI% ?IS DIVISION BY REABSORB+ EV]Y P>TICUL> MANAG]IAL /RATUM & BY COLLECTIVIZ+1 OR MORE EXACTLY BY COMPLETELY SOCIALIZ+1 ! FUNCTIONS ( DIRECTION4 ,! PROBLEM ( ! PROLET>IAT'S HI/ORICAL CAPACITY TO A*IEVE A CLASSLESS SOCIETY IS NOT ! PROBLEM ( ITS CAPACITY TO PHYSICALLY OV]?R[ ! EXPLOIT]S :O >E 9 P[] 7( ?IS !RE IS NO D\BT72 IT IS RA!R ! PROBLEM ( H[ TO POSITIVELY ORGANIZE A COLLECTIVE1 SOCIALIZ$ MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION & P[]4 ,FROM !N ON IT BECOMES OBVI\S ?AT ! REALIZATION ( SOCIALISM ON ! PROLET>IAT'S BEHALF BY ANY P>TY OR BUREAUCRACY :ATSOEV] IS AN ABSURDITY1 A CONTRADICTION 9 T]MS1 A SQU>E CIRCLE1 AN UND]WAT] BIRD2 SOCIALISM IS NO?+ BUT ! MASSES CONSCI\S & P]PETUAL SELF-MANAG]IAL ACTIVITY4 ,IT BECOMES EQUALLY OBVI\S ?AT SOCIALISM CANNOT BE OBJECTIVELY 9SCRIB$1 NOT EV5 HALFWAY1 9 ANY LAW OR CON/ITUTION1 9 ! NATIONALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 OR 9 PLANN+1 NOR EV5 9 A 0LAW0 9/AURAT+ WORK]S' MANAGEM5T3 ,IF ! WORK+ CLASS CANNOT MANAGE1 NO LAW CAN GIVE IT ! P[] TO DO SO1 & IF IT DOES MANAGE1 SU* A 0LAW0 W\LD M]ELY RATIFY ?IS EXI/+ /ATE ( AFFAIRS4 

,?US1 BEG9N+ ) A CRITIQUE ( ! BUREAUCRACY1 WE HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 =MULAT+ A POSITIVE CONCEPTION ( ! CONT5T ( SOCIALISM2 BRIEFLY SPEAK+1 0SOCIALISM 9 ALL ITS ASPECTS DOES NOT SIGNIFY ANY?+ O!R ?AN WORK]'S MANAGEM5T ( SOCIETY10 & 0! WORK+ CLASS CAN FREE ITSELF ONLY BY A*IEV+ P[] = ITSELF40 ,! PROLET>IAT CAN C>RY \T ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION ONLY IF IT ACTS AUTONOM\SLY1 I4E41 IF IT F9DS 9 ITSELF BO? ! WILL & ! CONSCI\SNESS = ! NECESS>Y TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETY4 ,SOCIALISM CAN BE NEI!R ! FAT$ RESULT ( HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T1 A VIOLATION ( HI/ORY BY A P>TY ( SUP]M51 NOR /ILL ! APPLICATION ( A PROGRAM D]IV$ FROM A !ORY ?AT IS TRUE 9 ITSELF4 ,RA!R1 IT IS ! UNLEA%+ ( ! FREE CREATIVE ACTIVITY ( ! OPPRESS$ MASSES4 ,SU* AN UNLEA%+ ( FREE CREATIVE ACTIVITY IS MADE POSSIBLE BY HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T1 & ! ACTION ( A P>TY BAS$ ON ?IS !ORY CAN FACILITATE IT TO A TREM5D\S DEGREE4 

,H5CE=? IT IS 9DISP5SABLE TO DEVELOP ON EV]Y LEVEL ! CONSEQU5CES ( ?IS IDEA4 

,M>XISM & ! ,IDEA ( ! ,PROLET>IAT'S ,AUTONOMY 

,WE MU/ SAY RI<T (F ?AT !RE IS NO?+ ESS5TIALLY NEW AB\T ?IS CONCEPTION4 ,ITS MEAN+ IS ! SAME AS ,M>X'S CELEBRAT$ =MULATION 0,! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S MU/ BE CONQU]$ BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES40.<#a#a.> ,IT WAS EXPRESS$ LIKEWISE BY ,TROTSKY3 0SOCIALISM1 AS OPPOS$ TO CAPITALISM1 CONSCI\SLY BUILDS ITSELF UP40 ,IT W\LD BE ONLY TOO EASY TO PILE UP QUOTATIONS ( ?IS K9D4 

,:AT IS NEW IS ! WILL & ABILITY TO TAKE ?IS IDEA 9 TOTAL S]I\SNESS :ILE DRAW+ \T ! !ORETICAL AS WELL AS ! PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS4 ,?IS C\LD NOT BE DONE TILL N[1 EI!R BY US OR BY ! GREAT F\ND]S ( ,M>XISM4 ,=1 ON ! ONE H&1 ! NECESS>Y HI/ORICAL EXP]I5CE WAS LACK+2 ! PREC$+ ANALYSIS %[S ! TREM5D\S IMPORTANCE ! DEG5]ATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION POSSESSES = ! CL>IFICATION ( ! PROBLEM ( WORK]S' P[]4 ,& ON ! O!R H&1 & AT A DEEP] LEVEL1 REVOLUTION>Y !ORY & PRACTICE 9 AN EXPLOIT+ SOCIETY >E SUBJECT$ TO A CRUCIAL CONTRADICTION ?AT RESULTS FROM ! FACT ?AT !Y BELONG TO ?IS SOCIETY !Y >E TRY+ TO ABOLI%4 ,?IS CONTRADICTION IS EXPRESS$ 9 AN 9F9ITE NUMB] ( WAYS4 

,ONLY ONE ( !SE WAYS IS ( 9T]E/ TO US H]E4 ,TO BE REVOLUTION>Y SIGNIFIES BO? TO ?9K ?AT ONLY ! MASSES 9 /RUGGLE CAN RESOLVE ! PROBLEM ( SOCIALISM & NOT TO FOLD ONE'S >MS = ALL ?AT2 IT MEANS TO ?9K ?AT ! ESS5TIAL CONT5T ( ! REVOLUTION WILL BE GIV5 BY ! MASSES' CREATIVE1 ORIG9AL1 & UN=ESEEABLE ACTIVITY1 & TO ACT ONESELF1 BEG9N+ ) A RATIONAL ANALYSIS ( ! PRES5T ) A P]SPECTIVE ?AT ANTICIPATES ! FUTURE4.<#a#b.> ,9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 IT MEANS TO PO/ULATE ?AT ! REVOLUTION WILL SIGNIFY AN OV]?R[ & A TREM5D\S 5L>GEM5T ( \R PRES5T =M ( RATIONALITY & TO UTILIZE ?IS SAME RATIONALITY 9 ORD] TO ANTICIPATE ! CONT5T ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,H[ ?IS CONTRADICTION IS RELATIVELY RESOLV$ & RELATIVELY POS$ ANEW AT EA* /AGE ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T UP TO ! ULTIMATE VICTORY ( ! REVOLUTION1 CANNOT DETA9 US H]E2 ?IS IS ! :OLE PROBLEM ( ! CONCRETE DIALECTIC ( ! HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT'S REVOLUTION>Y ACTION & ( REVOLUTION>Y !ORY4 ,AT ?IS TIME WE NE$ ONLY E/ABLI% ?AT !RE IS AN 9TR9SIC DIFFICULTY 9 DEVELOP+ A REVOLUTION>Y !ORY & PRACTICE 9 AN EXPLOIT+ SOCIETY1 & ?AT1 9S(> AS HE WANTS TO OV]COME ?IS DIFFICULTY1 ! !ORETICIAN - &1 LIKEWISE 9DE$1 ! MILITANT - RISKS FALL+ BACK UNCONSCI\SLY ON ! T]RA9 ( B\RGEOIS ?\<T1 & MORE G5]ALLY ON ! T]RA9 ( ! TYPE ( ?\<T ?AT ISSUES FROM AN ALI5AT$ SOCIETY & ?AT HAS DOM9AT$ HUMANITY = MILL5NIA4 ,?US1 9 ! FACE ( ! PROBLEMS POS$ BY ! NEW HI/ORICAL SITUATIONS ! !ORETICIAN (T5 WILL BE L$ TO 0R$UCE ! UNKN[N TO ! KN[N10 = ?AT IS :AT !ORETICAL ACTIVITY TODAY CONSI/S (4 ,HE !REBY EI!R CANNOT SEE ?AT IT IS A QUE/ION ( A NEW TYPE ( PROBLEM OR1 EV5 IF HE DOES SEE ?AT1 HE CAN ONLY APPLY TO IT SOLUTIONS 9H]IT$ FROM ! PA/4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! FACTORS :OSE REVOLUTION>Y IMPORTANCE HE HAS JU/ RECOGNIZ$ OR EV5 DISCOV]$ - MOD]N TE*NIQUE & ! ACTIVITY ( ! PROLET>IAT - T5D NOT ONLY TO CREATE NEW K9DS ( SOLUTIONS BUT TO DE/ROY ! V]Y T]MS 9 :I* PROBLEMS PREVI\SLY HAD BE5 POS$4 ,FROM !N ON1 SOLUTIONS ( ! TRADITIONAL TYPE PROVID$ BY ! !ORETICIAN WILL NOT SIMPLY BE 9ADEQUATE2 9S(> AS !Y >E ADOPT$ 7:I* IMPLIES ?AT ! PROLET>IAT TOO REMA9S UND] ! HOLD ( RECEIV$ IDEAS7 !Y OBJECTIVELY WILL BE ! 9/RUM5T = MA9TA9+ ! PROLET>IAT )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( EXPLOITATION1 AL?\< P]HAPS UND] A DIFF]5T =M4 

,M>X WAS AW>E ( ?IS PROBLEM4 ,HIS REFUSAL ( 0UTOPIAN0 SOCIALISM & HIS /ATEM5T ?AT 0EV]Y /EP ( REAL MOVEM5T IS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN A DOZ5 ,PROGRAMS10 EXPRESS PRECISELY HIS DI/RU/ ( BOOKI% SOLUTIONS1 S9CE !Y >E ALWAYS SEP>ATE FROM ! LIV+ DEVELOPM5T ( HI/ORY4 ,NEV]!LESS1 !RE REMA9S 9 ,M>XISM A SIGNIFICANT %>E 7:I* HAS KEPT ON GR[+ 9 SUCCE$+ G5]ATIONS ( ,M>XI/S7 ( A B\RGEOIS OR 0TRADITIONAL0 IDEOLOGICAL LEGACY4 ,TO ?IS EXT5T1 !RE IS AN AMBIGUITY 9 !ORETICAL ,M>XISM1 AN AMBIGUITY ?AT HAS PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT HI/ORICAL ROLE2 ! EXPLOIT+ SOCIETY !REBY HAS BE5 ABLE TO EX]T ITS 9FLU5CE ON ! PROLET>IAT MOVEM5T FROM )94 ,! CASE ANALYZ$ E>LI]1 :]E ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY 9 ,RUSSIA APPLI$ TRADITIONALLY EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS TO ! PROBLEM ( H[ TO DIRECT PRODUCTION1 (F]S A DRAMATIC ILLU/RATION ( ?IS PROCESS2 TRADITIONAL SOLUTIONS HAVE BE5 EFFECTIVE 9 ! S5SE ?AT !Y EFFECTIVELY HAVE BR\<T BACK ! TRADITIONAL /ATE ( AFFAIRS1 OR HAVE L$ TO ! RE/ORATION ( EXPLOITATION UND] NEW =MS4 ,LAT] WE WILL COME UPON O!R IMPORTANT 9/ANCES ( B\RGEOIS IDEAS SURVIV+ )9 ,M>XISM4 ,IT IS USEFUL NEV]!LESS TO DISCUSS N[ AN EXAMPLE ?AT WILL BR+ TO LI<T :AT WE >E TRY+ TO SAY4 

,H[ WILL LABOR BE REMUN]AT$ 9 A SOCIALI/ ECONOMY8 ,IT IS WELL KN[N ?AT 9 ! 0,CRITIQUE ( ! ,GO?A ,PROGRAM10 :]E HE DI/+UI%ES ! ORGANIZATIONAL =M ( ?IS PO/-REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY 7! 0L[] /AGE ( COMMUNISM07 FROM COMMUNISM ITSELF 7:]E ! PR9CIPLE 0FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS ABILITIES1 TO EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$S0 W\LD REIGN71 ,M>X SPOKE ( ! 0B\RGEOIS RI<T0 ?AT W\LD PREVAIL DUR+ ?IS PHASE4 ,HE UND]/OOD BY ?AT EQUAL PAY = AN EQUAL QUANTITY & QUALITY ( LABOR - :I* CAN MEAN UNEQUAL PAY = DIFF]5T 9DIVIDUALS4.<#a#c.> 

,H[ CAN ?IS PR9CIPLE BE JU/IFI$8 ,ONE BEG9S ) ! BASIC *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! SOCIALI/ ECONOMY1 NAMELY ?AT1 ON ! ONE H&S ?IS ECONOMY IS /ILL AN ECONOMY ( SC>CITY :]E1 CONSEQU5TLY1 IT IS ESS5TIAL ?AT ! PRODUCTION EF=TS ( SOCIETY'S MEMB]S BE PU%$ TO ! MAXIMUM2 & ON ! O!R H&1 ?AT PEOPLE /ILL >E DOM9AT$ BY ! 0EGOI/IC0 M5TALITY 9H]IT$ FROM ! PREC$+ SOCIETY & MA9TA9$ BY ?IS /ATE ( SC>CITY4 ,! GREATE/ AM\NT ( EF=T 9 PRODUCTION !RE=E IS REQUIR$ AT ! SAME TIME ?AT ?IS SOCIETY NE$S TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! 0NATURAL0 T5D5CY TO %IRK WORK ?AT /ILL EXI/S AT ?IS /AGE4 ,IT WILL BE SAID1 !RE=E1 ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y1 IF ONE WANTS TO AVOID DISORD] & FAM9E1 TO MAKE ! REMUN]ATION ( LABOR PROPORTIONAL TO ! QUALITY & QUANTITY ( ! LABOR PROVID$1 MEASUR$1 = EXAMPLE1 BY ! NUMB] ( PIECES MANUFACTUR$1 ! NUMB] ( H\RS 9 ATT5DANCE1 ETC41 :I* NATURALLY LEADS TO Z]O REMUN]ATION = Z]O WORK & 9 ! SAME /ROKE SETTLES ! PROBLEM ( ONE'S OBLIGATION TO WORK4 ,9 %ORT1 ONE 5DS UP ) SOME SORT ( 0\TPUT-BAS$ WAGE40.<#a#d.> ,DEP5D+ ON H[ CLEV] ONE IS1 ONE WILL RECONCILE ?IS CONCLUSION1 ) GREAT] OR LESS] EASE1 ) ! H>% CRITICISM TO :I* ?IS =M ( WAGE PAYM5T HAS BE5 SUBJECT$ :5 IT IS APPLI$ )9 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 

,DO+ ?IS1 ONE WILL HAVE PURELY & SIMPLY =GOTT5 ?AT ! PROBLEM NO LONG] CAN BE POS$ 9 !SE T]MS3 ,BO? MOD]N TE*NIQUE & ! =MS ( ASSOCIATION AMONG WORK]S ?AT SOCIALISM IMPLIES R5D] IT NULL & VOID4 ,:E!R IT IS A MATT] ( WORK+ ON AN ASSEMBLY L9E OR ( PIECEWORK ON 09DIVIDUAL0 MA*9ES1 ! 9DIVIDUAL LABOR]'S WORK PACE IS DICTAT$ BY ! WORK PACE ( ! UNIT TO :I* HE BELONGS - AUTOMATICALLY & 0PHYSICALLY0 9 ! CASE ( ASSEMBLY WORK1 9DIRECTLY & 0SOCIALLY0 9 PIECEWORK ON A MA*9E1 BUT ALWAYS 9 A MANN] ?AT IS IMPOS$ UPON HIM4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 IT LONG] IS A PROBLEM ( 9DIVIDUAL \TPUT4.<#a#e.> ,IT IS A PROBLEM ( ! WORK PACE ( A GIV5 UNIT ( WORK]S 7:I* 9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS IS ! FACTORY UNIT71 & ?IS PACE CAN BE DET]M9$ ONLY BY ?IS UNIT ( WORK]S ITSELF4 ,! PROBLEM ( REMUN]ATION !RE=E COMES D[N TO A MANAGEM5T PROBLEM1 = ONCE A G5]AL WAGE IS E/ABLI%$1 ! CONCRETE RATE ( REMUN]ATION 7! WAGE-\TPUT RATIO7 WILL BE DET]M9$ BY DET]M9+ ! PACE ( WORK2 ! LATT] 9 ITS TURN LEADS US TO ! HE>T ( ! PROBLEM ( MANAGEM5T AS ! PROBLEM ?AT CONCRETELY CONC]NS ! PRODUC]S AS A :OLE 7:O1 9 ONE =M OR ANO!R1 WILL HAVE TO DET]M9E ?AT SU* & SU* A PRODUCTION PACE ON ONE L9E ( A GIV5 TYPE IS EQUIVAL5T AS AN EXP5DITURE ( LABOR TO ANO!R PRODUCTION PACE ON ANO!R L9E ( ANO!R TYPE1 & ?IS WILL HAVE TO DONE BETWE5 V>I\S %OPS 9 ! SAME FACTORY AS WELL AS BETWE5 A V>IETY ( FACTORIES1 ETC474 

,LET US RECALL1 IF NE$ BE1 ?AT 9 NO WAY DOES ?IS SIGNIFY ?AT ! PROBLEM NECESS>ILY BECOMES ANY EASI] TO SOLVE4 ,MAYBE EV5 ! CONTR>Y IS ! CASE4 ,BUT F9ALLY IT HAS BE5 POS$ 9 CORRECT T]MS4 ,MI/AKES MADE :ILE TRY+ TO SOLVE ?IS PROBLEM MI<T BE FRUITFUL = ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIALISM1 & ! SUCCESSIVE ELIM9ATION ( SU* MI/AKES W\LD ALL[ US TO >RIVE AT ! SOLUTION4 ,AS LONG AS IT IS POSIT$ 9 ! =M ( AN 0\TPUT-BAS$ WAGE0 OR 0B\RGEOIS RI<T10 H[EV]1 WE REMA9 SITUAT$ DIRECTLY ON ! T]RA9 ( AN EXPLOIT+ SOCIETY4 

,C]TA9LY1 ! PROBLEM 9 ITS TRADITIONAL =M /ILL CAN EXI/ 9 0BACKW>D SECTORS0 - ?\< ?IS DOES NOT NECESS>ILY MEAN ?AT ONE %\LD PROVIDE A 0BACKW>D0 SOLUTION4 ,BUT :ATEV] ! SOLUTION MI<T BE 9 SU* A CASE1 :AT WE >E TRY+ TO SAY IS ?AT HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5TS T5D TO *ANGE BO? ! =M & ! CONT5T ( ! PROBLEM4 

,BUT :AT IS ESS5TIAL IS TO ANALYZE BO? ! ME*ANISM & ! MI/AKE4 ,FAC$ ) A PROBLEM BEQUEA!D BY ! B\RGEOIS ]A ONE REASONS LIKE A B\RGEOIS4 ,ONE REASONS LIKE A B\RGEOIS FIR/ ( ALL 9 ?AT ONE SETS UP AN AB/RACT & UNIV]SAL RULE - ?IS BE+ ! ONLY =M 9 :I* PROBLEMS CAN BE SOLV$ 9 AN ALI5AT$ SOCIETY - =GETT+ ?AT 0LAW IS LIKE AN IGNORANT & CRUDE MAN0 :O ALWAYS REPEATS ! SAME ?+ .<#a#f.> & ?AT A SOCIALI/ SOLUTION CAN ONLY BE SOCIALI/ IF IT IS A CONCRETE SOLUTION ?AT 9VOLVES ! P]MAN5T P>TICIPATION ( ! ORGANIZ$ UNITS ( WORK]S 9 DET]M9+ ?IS SOLUTION4 ,ONE ALSO REASONS LIKE A B\RGEOIS 9 ?AT AN ALI5AT$ SOCIETY IS OBLIG$ TO RESORT TO AB/RACT UNIV]SAL RULES1 BECAUSE O!RWISE IT C\LD NOT BE /ABLE & BECAUSE IT IS 9CAPABLE ( TAK+ CONCRETE CASES 9TO CONSID]ATION ON !IR [N4 ,IT HAS NEI!R ! 9/ITUTIONS NOR ! PO9T ( VIEW NECESS>Y = ?IS1 :]EAS A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY1 :I* CREATES PRECISELY ! ORGANS ?AT CAN TAKE EV]Y CONCRETE CASE 9TO CONSID]ATION1 CAN HAVE AS ITS LAW ONLY ! P]PETUAL DET]M9+ ACTIVITY ( !SE ORGANS4 

,ONE IS REASON+ LIKE ! B\RGEOIS 9 ?AT ONE ACCEPTS ! B\RGEOIS IDEA 7& H]E ONE IS CORRECTLY REFLECT+ ! REAL SITUATION 9 B\RGEOIS SOCIETY7 ?AT 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/ IS ! SUPREME MOTIVE ( HUMAN ACTIVITY4 ,?US1 = ! B\RGEOIS M5TALITY ( ,5GLI% 0NEO-SOCIALI/S10 MAN 9 SOCIALI/ SOCIETY CONT9UES TO BE1 BE=E ALL ELSE1 AN ECONOMIC MAN1 & SOCIETY !RE=E \<T TO BE REGULAT$ />T+ \T FROM ?IS IDEA4 ,?US TRANSPOS+ AT ONCE BO? ! PROBLEMS ( CAPITALISM & B\RGEOIS BEHAVIOR ONTO ! NEW SOCIETY1 !Y >E 9 ESS5CE PREOCCUPI$ BY ! PROBLEM ( 9C5TIVES 7E>N+S ?AT /IMULATE ! WORK]7.<#a#g.> & =GET ?AT ALREADY 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY :AT MAKES ! WORK] WORK >E NOT 9C5TIVES BUT ! CONTROL ( HIS WORK BY O!R PEOPLE & BY ! MA*9ES !MSELVES4 ,! IDEA ( ECONOMIC MAN HAS BE5 CREAT$ BY B\RGEOIS SOCIETY 9 ITS IMAGE2 TO BE QUITE EXACT1 9 ! IMAGE ( ! B\RGEOIS & C]TA9LY NOT 9 ! IMAGE ( ! WORK]4 ,! WORK]S ACT LIKE 0ECONOMIC M50 ONLY :5 !Y >E OBLIG$ TO DO SO1 I4E41 VIS-A-VIS ! B\RGEOIS 7:O ?US MAKES MONEY (F ( !IR PIECEWORK71 BUT C]TA9LY NOT AMONG !MSELVES 7AS CAN BE SE5 DUR+ /RIKES1 & ALSO 9 !IR ATTITUDES T[>D !IR FAMILIES2 O!RWISE1 WORK]S W\LD HAVE CEAS$ TO EXI/ A LONG TIME AGO74 ,?AT IT MAY BE SAID ?AT !Y ACT 9 ?IS WAY T[>D :AT 0BELONGS0 TO !M 7FAMILY1 CLASS1 ETC47 IS F9E1 = WE >E SAY+ PRECISELY ?AT !Y WILL ACT 9 ?IS WAY T[>D EV]Y?+ :5 EV]Y?+ 0BELONGS0 TO !M4 ,& TO CLAIM ?AT ! FAMILY IS VISIBLE & H]E :]EAS 0EV]Y?+0 IS AN AB/RACTION AGA9 W\LD BE A MISUND]/&+S = ! EV]Y?+ WE >E TALK+ AB\T IS CONCRETE1 IT BEG9S ) ! O!R WORK]S 9 ! %OP1 ! FACTORY1 ETC4 

,WORK]S' ,MANAGEM5T ( ,PRODUCTION 

,A SOCIETY )\T EXPLOITATION IS CONCEIVABLE1 WE HAVE SE51 IF ! MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION NO LONG] IS LOCALIZ$ 9 A SOCIAL CATEGORY1 9 O!R WORDS1 IF ! /RUCTURAL DIVISION ( SOCIETY 9TO DIRECTORS & EXECUTANTS IS ABOLI%$4 ,LIKEWISE WE HAVE SE5 ?AT ! SOLUTION TO ! PROBLEM ?US POS$ CAN BE GIV5 ONLY BY ! PROLET>IAT ITSELF4 ,IT IS NOT ONLY ?AT NO SOLUTION W\LD BE ( ANY VALUE1 & SIMPLY C\LD NOT EV5 BE C>RI$ \T IF IT W]E NOT RE9V5T$ BY ! MASSES 9 AN AUTONOM\S MANN]1 NOR IS IT ?AT ! PROBLEM POS$ EXI/S ON A SCALE ?AT R5D]S ! ACTIVE COOP]ATION ( MILLIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS 9DISP5SABLE TO ITS SOLUTION4 ,IT IS ?AT BY ITS V]Y NATURE ! SOLUTION TO ! PROBLEM ( WORK]S' MANAGEM5T CANNOT BE FITT$ 9TO A =MULA1 OR1 AS WE HAVE SAID ALREADY1 IT IS ?AT ! ONLY G5U9E LAW SOCIALI/ SOCIETY ACKN[L$GES IS ! P]PETUAL DET]M9+ ACTIVITY ( ! MASSES' ORGANS ( MANAGEM5T4 

,! REFLECTIONS ?AT FOLL[1 !RE=E1 AIM NOT AT 0RESOLV+0 ! PROBLEM ( WORK]S' MANAGEM5T !ORETICALLY - :I* ONCE AGA9 W\LD BE A CONTRADICTION 9 T]MS - BUT RA!R AT CL>IFY+ ! GIV5S ( ! PROBLEM4 ,WE AIM ONLY AT DISPELL+ MISUND]/&+S & WIDELY HELD PREJUDICES BY %[+ H[ ! PROBLEM ( MANAGEM5T IS NOT POS$ & H[ IT IS POS$4 

,IF ONE ?9KS ! BASIC TASK ( ! REVOLUTION IS A NEGATIVE TASK1 ! ABOLITION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY 7:I* ACTUALLY CAN BE A*IEV$ BY DECREE71 ONE MAY ?9K ( ! REVOLUTION AS C5T]$ ON ! 0TAK+ ( P[]0 & !RE=E AS A MOM5T 7:I* MAY LA/ A FEW DAYS &1 IF NE$ BE1 CAN BE FOLL[$ BY A FEW MON?S OR YE>S ( CIVIL W>7 :5 ! WORK]S SEIZE P[] & EXPROPRIATE DE FACTO & DE JURE ! FACTORY [N]S4 ,& 9 ?IS CASE1 ONE ACTUALLY WILL BE L$ TO GRANT A PRIME IMPORTANCE TO 0! TAK+ ( P[]0 & TO AN ORGAN CON/RUCT$ EXCLUSIVELY ) ?IS 5D 9 VIEW4 

,?AT 9 FACT IS H[ ?+S HAPP5 DUR+ A B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION4 ,! NEW SOCIETY IS PREP>$ = COMPLETELY )9 ! OLD ONE2 MANUFACTUR+ CONC5TRATES EMPLOY]S & WORK]S1 ! R5T PEASANTS PAY TO L&$ PROP]TY [N]S IS /RIPP$ ( EV]Y ECONOMIC FUNCTION AS !SE PROPRIETORS >E /RIPP$ ( EV]Y SOCIAL FUNCTION4 ,ONLY A FEUDAL %ELL REMA9S >\ND ?IS SOCIETY ?AT IS 9 FACT B\RGEOIS4 ,A ,BA/ILLE IS DEMOLI%$1 A FEW HEADS CUT (F1 A NI<T FALLS 9 ,AUGU/1 SOME ELECT$ (FICIALS 7MANY ( :OM >E LAWY]S7 DRAFT SOME CON/ITUTIONAL SOME LAWS1 & SOME DECREES - & ! TRICK IS PLAY$4 ,! REVOLUTION IS OV]1 A HI/ORICAL P]IOD IS CLOS$1 ANO!R IS OP5$4 ,TRUE1 A CIVIL W> MAY FOLL[3 ,! DRAFT+ ( NEW CODES WILL TAKE A FEW YE>S1 ! /RUCTURE ( ! ADM9I/RATION AS WELL AS ?AT ( ! >MY WILL UND]GO SIGNIFICANT *ANGES4 ,BUT ! ESS5CE ( ! REVOLUTION IS OV] BE=E ! REVOLUTION BEG9S4 

,9DE$1 ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION IS ONLY PURE NEGATION AS CONC]NS ! >EA ( ECONOMICS4 ,IT IS BAS$ UPON :AT ALREADY IS !RE1 IT LIMITS ITSELF TO ]ECT+ 9TO LAW A /ATE ( FACT BY ABOLI%+ A SUP]/RUCTURE ?AT 9 ITSELF ALREADY IS UNREAL4 ,ITS LIMIT$ CON/RUCTIONS AFFECT ONLY ?IS SUP]/RUCTURE2 ! ECONOMIC BASE TAKES C>E ( ITSELF4 ,:E!R ?IS OCCURS BE=E OR AFT] ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION1 ONCE E/ABLI%$ 9 ! ECONOMIC SECTOR1 CAPITALISM SPREADS BY ! =CE ( ITS [N LAWS OV] ! T]RA9 ( SIMPLE COMM]CIAL PRODUCTION ?AT IT DISCOV]S LY+ /RET*$ \T BE=E IT4 

,!RE IS NO RELATION%IP BETWE5 ?IS PROCESS & ?AT ( ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION4 ,! LATT] IS NOT A SIMPLE NEGATION ( C]TA9 ASPECTS ( ! ORD] ?AT PREC$$ IT2 IT IS ESS5TIALLY POSITIVE4 ,IT HAS TO CON/RUCT ITS REGIME - CON/RUCT+ NOT FACTORIES BUT NEW RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION = :I* ! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM FURNI%ES M]ELY ! PRESUPPOSITIONS4 ,WE WILL BE ABLE TO SEE ?IS BETT] BY R]EAD+ ! PASSAGE :]E ,M>X DESCRIBES ! 0,HI/ORICAL ,T5D5CY ( ,CAPITALI/ ,ACCUMULATION40 ,PLEASE EXCUSE US = CIT+ A LONG PASSAGE4 

0,AS SOON AS ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION /&S ON ITS [N FEET1 !N ! FUR!R SOCIALIZATION ( LABOR & FUR!R TRANS=MATION ( ! L& & O!R MEANS ( PRODUCTION 9TO SOCIALLY EXPLOIT$ &1 !RE=E1 COMMON MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 AS WELL AS ! FUR!R EXPROPRIATION ( PRIVATE PROPRIETORS1 TAKES A NEW =M4 ,?AT :I* IS N[ TO BE EXPROPRIAT$ IS NO LONG] ! LABOR] WORK+ = HIMSELF1 BUT ! CAPITALI/ EXPLOIT+ MANY LABOR]S4 ,?IS EXPROPRIATION IS ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! ACTION ( ! IMMAN5T LAWS ( CAPITALI/IC PRODUCTION ITSELF1 BY ! C5TRALIZATION ( CAPITAL4 ,ONE CAPITALI/ ALWAYS KILLS MANY4 ,H& 9 H& ) ?IS C5TRALIZATION1 OR ?IS EXPROPRIATION ( MANY CAPITALI/S BY FEW DEVELOP1 ON AN EV]-EXT5D+ SCALE1 ! COOP]ATIVE =M ( ! LABOR-PROCESS1 ! CONSCI\S TE*NICAL APPLICATION ( SCI5CE1 ! ME?ODICAL CULTIVATION ( ! SOIL1 ! TRANS=MATION ( ! 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR 9TO 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR ONLY USABLE 9 COMMON1 ! ECONOMIZ+ ( ALL MEANS ( PRODUCTION BY !IR USE AS ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION ( COMB9$1 SOCIALIZ$ LABOR1 ! 5TANGLEM5T ( ALL PEOPLES 9 ! NET ( ! WORLD-M>KET1 & ) ?IS ! 9T]NATIONAL *>ACT] ( ! CAPITALI/IC REGIME4 ,ALONG ) ! CON/ANTLY DIM9I%+ NUMB] ( ! MAGNATES ( CAPITAL1 :O USURP & MONOPOLIZE ALL ADVANTAGES ( ?IS PROCESS ( TRANS=MATION1 GR[S ! MASS ( MIS]LY OPPRESSION1 SLAV]Y1 DEGRADATION1 EXPLOITATION2 BUT ) ?IS TOO GR[S ! REVOLT ( ! WORK+-CLASS1 A CLASS ALWAYS 9CREAS+ 9 NUMB]S1 & DISCIPL9$1 UNIT$1 ORGANIZ$ BY ! V]Y ME*ANISM ( ! PROCESS ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION ITSELF4 ,! MONOPOLY ( CAPITAL BECOMES A FETT] UPON ! MODE ( PRODUCTION1 :I* HAS SPRUNG UP & FL\RI%$ ALONG )1 & UND] IT4 ,C5TRALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & SOCIALIZATION ( LABOR AT LA/ REA* A PO9T :]E !Y BECOME 9COMPATIBLE ) !IR CAPITALI/ 9TEGUM5T4 ,?IS 9TEGUM5T IS BUR/ ASUND]4 ,! KNELL ( CAPITALI/ PRIVATE PROP]TY S\NDS4 ,! EXPROPRIAT]S >E EXPROPRIAT$40.<#a#h.> 

,:AT 9 FACT EXI/S ( ! NEW SOCIETY AT ! MOM5T :5 ! 0CAPITALI/ 9TEGUM5T IS BUR/ ASUND]08 ,ALL ITS PREMISES3 A SOCIETY COMPOS$ ALMO/ 5TIRELY ( PROLET>IANS1 ! 0RATIONAL APPLICATION ( SCI5CE 9 9DU/RY10 & ALSO1 GIV5 ! DEGREE ( CONC5TRATION ( BUS9ESS 5T]PRISES ?IS PASSAGE PRESUPPOSES1 ! SEP>ATION ( PROP]TY [N]%IP FROM ! ACTUAL FUNCTIONS ( DIRECT+ PRODUCTION4 ,BUT :]E CAN WE F9D ALREADY REALIZ$ 9 ?IS SOCIETY SOCIALI/ RELATIONS ( PRODUCTIONS AS B\RGEOIS RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION W]E 9 0FEUDAL0 SOCIETY8 

,N[1 IT IS OBVI\S ?AT !SE NEW RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION CANNOT BE M]ELY ?OSE REALIZ$ 9 ! 0SOCIALIZATION ( ! LABOR PROCESS10 ! COOP]ATION ( ?\S&S ( 9DIVIDUALS )9 ! GREAT 9DU/RIAL UNITS ( PRODUCTION4 ,= !SE >E ! RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION TYPICAL ( A HI<LY DEVELOP$ =M ( CAPITALISM4 

,! 0SOCIALIZATION ( ! LABOR PROCESS0 AS IT TAKES PLACE 9 ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY IS ! PREMISE ( SOCIALISM 9 ?AT IT ABOLI%ES AN>*Y1 ISOLATION1 DISP]SION1 ETC4 ,BUT IT IS 9 NO WAY SOCIALISM'S 0PREFIGURATION0 OR 0EMBRYO10 9 ?AT IT IS AN ANTAGONI/IC =M ( SOCIALIZATION2 I4E41 IT REPRODUCES & DEEP5S ! DIVISION BETWE5 ! MASS ( EXECUTANTS & A /RATUM ( DIRECTORS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! PRODUC]S >E SUBJECT$ TO A COLLECTIVE =M ( DISCIPL9E1 ! CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION >E /&>DIZ$ AMONG V>I\S SECTORS & LOCALITIES1 & PRODUCTION TASKS BECOME 9T]*ANGEABLE1 WE NOTICE AT ! O!R POLE NOT ONLY A DECREAS+ NUMB] ( CAPITALI/S 9 A MORE & MORE P>ASITIC ROLE BUT ALSO ! CON/ITUTION ( A SEP>ATE APP>ATUS = DIRECT+ PRODUCTION4 ,N[1 SOCIALI/ RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION >E ?OSE TYPES ( RELATIONS ?AT PRECLUDE ! SEP>ATE EXI/5CE ( A FIX$ & /ABLE WE /RATUM ( DIRECTORS PRODUCTION4 ,WE SEE1 !RE=E1 ?AT ! PO9T ( DEP>TURE = REALIZ+ SU* RELATIONS CAN BE ONLY ! DE/RUCTION ( ! P[] ( ! B\RGEOISIE OR ! BUREAUCRACY4 ,! CAPITALI/ TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETY 5DS ) ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION2 ! SOCIALI/ TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETY BEG9S ) ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 

,MOD]N DEVELOPM5TS !MSELVES HAVE ABOLI%$ ! ASPECTS ( ! PROBLEM ( MANAGEM5T ?AT ONCE W]E CONSID]$ DECISIVE4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 MANAG]IAL LABOR ITSELF HAS BECOME A =M ( WAGE LABOR1 AS ,5GELS ALREADY PO9T$ \T2 ON ! O!R H&1 IT HAS BECOME ITSELF A COLLECTIVE LABOR ( EXECUTION4.<#a#i.> ,! 0TASKS0 9VOLV$ 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR1 :I* =M]LY FELL TO ! BOSS1 ASSI/$ BY A FEW TE*NICIANS1 N[ >E P]=M$ BY (FICES BR++ TOGE!R HUNDR$S OR ?\S&S ( P]SONS1 :O !MSELVES WORK AS SAL>I$1 COMP>TM5TALIZ$ EXECUTANTS4 ,! O!R GR\P ( TRADITIONAL MANAG]IAL TASKS1 :I* BASICALLY 9VOLVE 9TEGRAT+ ! 5T]PRISE 9TO ! ECONOMY AS A :OLE 79 P>TICUL>1 ?OSE 9VOLV+ M>KET 0ANALYSIS0 OR HAV+ A 0FLAIR0 = ! M>KET - :I* P]TA9 TO ! NATURE1 QUALITY1 & PRICE ( MANUFACTUR$ GOODS 9 DEM&1 MODIFICATIONS 9 ! SCALE ( PRODUCTION1 ETC471 ALREADY HAS BE5 TRANS=M$ 9 ITS V]Y NATURE ) ! ADV5T ( MONOPOLIES4 ,! WAY ?IS GR\P ( TASKS IS ACCOMPLI%$ HAS BE5 TRANS=M$ TOO1 S9CE ITS BASICS >E N[ C>RI$ \T BY A COLLECTIVE APP>ATUS ?AT CANVASSES ! M>KET1 SURVEYS CONSUM] TA/ES1 SELLS ! PRODUCT1 ETC4 ,ALL ?IS ALREADY HAS HAPP5$ UND] MONOPOLY CAPITALISM4 ,:5 PRIVATE PROP]TY GIVES WAY TO ,/ATE-RUN PROP]TY1 AS 9 .<TOTAL.> BUREAUCRATIC CAPITALISM1 A C5TRAL APP>ATUS = COORD9AT+ ! FUNCTION+ ( 5T]PRISES TAKES ! PLACE BO? ( ! M>KET AS 0REGULATOR0 & ( ! APP>ATUSES BELONG+ TO EA* 5T]PRISE2 ?IS IS ! C5TRAL PLANN+ BUREAUCRACY1 ! ECONOMIC 0NECESSITY0 = :I* %\LD ISSUE1 ACCORD+ TO ITS DEF5D]S1 DIRECTLY FROM !SE FUNCTIONS ( COORD9ATION4 

,!RE IS NO PO9T 9 DISCUSS+ ?IS SOPHISM4 ,LET US SIMPLY NOTE 9 PASS+ ?AT ! ADVOCATES ( ! BUREAUCRACY DEMON/RATE1 9 A FIR/ MOVE1 ?AT ONE CAN DO )\T BOSSES S9CE ONE CAN MAKE ! ECONOMY FUNCTION ACCORD+ TO A PLAN &1 9 A SECOND MOVE1 ?AT = ! PLAN TO FUNCTION1 IT HAS NE$ ( BOSSES ( A DIFF]5T K9D4 ,= - & H]E IS :AT 9T]E/S US - ! PROBLEM ( H[ TO COORD9ATE ! ACTIVITY ( 5T]PRISES & SECTORS ( PRODUCTIONS AFT] ! M>KET HAS BE5 ABOLI%$1 9 O!R WORDS1 ! PROBLEM ( PLANN+1 ALREADY HAS BE5 VIRTUALLY ABOLI%$ BY ADVANCEM5TS 9 MOD]N TE*NIQUES4 ,LEONTIEF 'S ME?OD1.<#b.> EV5 9 ITS PRES5T =M1.<#b#a.> REMOVES ALL 0APOLITICAL0 OR 0ECONOMIC0 MEAN+ FROM ! PROBLEM ( H[ TO COORD9ATE V>I\S SECTORS OR V>I\S 5T]PRISES1 = IT ALL[S US TO DET]M9E ! CONSEQU5CES = A 5TIRE SET ( SECTORS1 REGIONS1 & 5T]PRISES ONCE WE HAVE SETTL$ UPON ! DESIR$ VOLUME ( PRODUCTION ( 5D-USE >TICLES4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 IT ALL[S US A L>GE DEGREE ( FLEXIBILITY1 = ?IS ME?OD MAKES IT POSSIBLE1 IF WE WANT TO MODIFY ! PLAN :ILE WORK IS 9 PROGRESS1 TO DRAW \T IMM$IATELY ! PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS ( SU* A *ANGE4 ,COMB9$ ) O!R MOD]N ME?ODS1.<#b#b.> IT ALL[S US BO? TO *OOSE ! OPTIMAL ME?ODS = A*IEV+ \R OV]ALL OBJECTIVES1 ONCE !Y >E SETTL$ UPON1 & TO DEF9E !SE ME?ODS 9 DETAIL = ! 5TIRE ECONOMY4 ,BRIEFLY SPEAK+1 ALL ( ! 0PLANN+ ACTIVITY0 ( ! ,RUSSIAN BUREAUCRACY1 = EXAMPLE1 C\LD BE TRANSF]R$ AT ?IS PO9T TO AN ELECTRONIC CALCULATOR4 

,! PROBLEM1 !RE=E1 APPE>S ONLY AT ! TWO EXTREMES ( ECONOMIC ACTIVITY3 AT ! MO/ SPECIFIC LEVEL 7H[ TO TRANSLATE ! PRODUCTION GOAL ( A P>TICUL> FACTORY 9TO ! PRODUCTION GOALS TO BE C>RI$ \T BY EA* GR\P ( WORK]S 9 ! %OPS ( ?IS FACTORY7 & AT ! UNIV]SAL LEVEL 7H[ TO DET]M9E ! PRODUCTION GOALS = 5D-USE GOODS ( ! 5TIRE ECONOMY74 

,9 BO? CASES1 ! PROBLEM EXI/S ONLY BECAUSE TE*NIQUE 79 ! BROAD S5SE ( ?IS T]M7 DEVELOPS - & IT WILL DEVELOP EV5 MORE 9 A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 ,9DE$1 IT IS CLE> ?AT ) AN UN*ANG+ SET ( TE*NIQUES ! TYPE ( SOLUTION 7IF NOT ! SOLUTIONS !MSELVES1 :OSE EXACT T]MS WILL V>Y IF1 = EXAMPLE1 !RE IS ACCUMULATION7 W\LD BE GIV5 ONCE & = ALL1 & ?AT IT W\LD BE M]ELY A MATT] ( ALLOCAT+ TASKS )9 A %OP 7P]FECTLY COMPATIBLE ) ! POSSIBILITY ( 9T]*ANGEABLE PRODUC]S BE+ ABLE TO SWIT* BETWE5 DIFF]5T JOBS7 OR ( DET]M9+ ! 5D-USE PRODUCTS4 ,! 9CESSANT MODIFICATION ( ! DIFF]5T POSSIBLE WAYS ( C>RY+ \T PRODUCTION ALONG ) ! 9CESSANT MODIFICATION ( F9AL OBJECTIVES WILL CREATE ! T]RA9 ON :I* COLLECTIVE MANAGEM5T WILL WORK ITSELF \T4 

,ALI5ATION 9 ,CAPITALI/ ,SOCIETY 

,BY ALI5ATION - A *>ACT]I/IC MOM5T ( EV]Y CLASS SOCIETY1 BUT ONE ?AT APPE>S TO AN 9COMP>ABLY GREAT] EXT5T & DEP? 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY - WE MEAN TO SAY ?AT ! PRODUCTS ( MAN'S ACTIVITY 7:E!R WE >E TALK+ AB\T OBJECTS OR 9/ITUTIONS7 TAKE ON AN 9DEP5D5T SOCIAL EXI/5CE OPPOSITE HIM4 ,9/EAD ( BE+ DOM9AT$ BY HIM1 !SE PRODUCTS DOM9ATE HIM4 ,ALI5ATION IS ?AT :I* IS OPPOS$ TO MAN'S FREE CREATIVITY 9 ! WORLD CREAT$ BY MAN2 IT IS NOT AN 9DEP5D5T HI/ORICAL PR9CIPLE HAV+ ITS [N S\RCE4 ,IT IS ! OBJECTIFICATION ( HUMAN ACTIVITY 9S(> AS IT ESCAPES ITS AU?OR )\T ITS AU?OR BE+ ABLE TO ESCAPE IT4 ,EV]Y =M ( ALI5ATION IS A =M ( HUMAN OBJECTIFICATION2 I4E41 IT HAS ITS S\RCE 9 HUMAN ACTIVITY 7!RE >E NO 0SECRET =CES0 9 HI/ORY1 ANY !RE IS A CUNN+ ( REASON 9 NATURAL ECONOMIC LAWS74 ,BUT NOT EV]Y =M ( OBJECTIFICATION IS NECESS>ILY A =M ( ALI5ATION 9S(> AS IT CAN BE CONSCI\SLY TAK5 UP AGA91 REAFFIRM$ OR DE/ROY$4 ,AS SOON AS IT IS POSIT$1 EV]Y PRODUCT ( HUMAN ACTIVITY 7EV5 A PURELY 9T]NAL ATTITUDE7 0ESCAPES ITS AU?OR0 & EV5 LEADS AN EXI/5CE 9DEP5D5T ( ?AT AU?OR4 ,WE CANNOT ACT AS IF WE HAVE NOT UTT]$ SOME P>TICUL> WORD1 BUT WE CAN CEASE TO BE DET]M9$ BY IT4 ,! PA/ LIFE ( EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL IS ITS OBJECTIFICATION TILL TODAY2 BUT HE IS NOT NECESS>ILY & EXHAU/IVELY ALI5AT$ FROM IT1 HIS FUTURE IS NOT P]MAN5TLY DOM9AT$ BY HIS PA/4 ,SOCIALISM WILL BE ! ABOLITION ( ALI5ATION 9 ?AT IT WILL P]MIT ! P]PETUATE CONSCI\S RECOV]Y )\T VIOL5T CONFLICT ( ! SOCIALLY GIV5S 9 ?AT IT WILL RE/ORE PEOPLE'S DOM9ATION OV] ! PRODUCTS ( !IR ACTIVITY4 ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IS AN ALI5AT$ SOCIETY 9 ?AT ITS TRANS=MATIONS TAKE PLACE 9DEP5D5TLY ( PEOPLE'S WILL & CONSCI\SNESS 79CLUD+ ?OSE ( ! DOM9ANT CLASS71 ACCORD+ TO QUASI-0LAWS0 ?AT EXPRESS OBJECTIVE /RUCTURES 9DEP5D5T ( !IR CONTROL4 

,:AT 9T]E/S US H]E IS NOT TO DESCRIBE H[ ALI5ATION IS PRODUC$ 9 ! =M ( ALI5ATION 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY 7:I* W\LD 9VOLVE AN ANALYSIS ( ! BIR? ( CAPITALISM AS WELL AS ( ITS FUNCTION+7 BUT TO %[ ! CONCRETE MANIFE/ATIONS ( ?IS ALI5ATION 9 V>I\S SPH]ES ( SOCIAL ACTIVITY AS WELL AS !IR 9TIMATE UNITY4 

,ONLY TO ! EXT5T ?AT WE GRASP ! CONT5T ( SOCIALISM AS ! PROLET>IAT'S AUTONOMY1 AS FREE CREATIVE ACTIVITY DET]M9+ ITSELF1 AS WORK]S' MANAGEM5T 9 ALL DOMA9S1 CAN WE GRASP ! ESS5CE ( MAN'S ALI5ATION 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,9DE$1 IT IS NOT BY ACCID5T ?AT 05LI<T5$0 MEMB]S ( ! B\RGEOISIE AS WELL AS RE=MI/ & ,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRATS WANT TO R$UCE ! EVILS ( CAPITALISM TO ESS5TIALLY ECONOMIC EVILS1 &1 ON ! ECONOMIC LEVEL1 TO EXPLOITATION 9 ! =M ( AN UNEQUAL DI/RIBUTION ( NATIONAL 9COME4 ,TO ! EXT5T ?AT !IR CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM IS EXT5D$ TO O!R DOMA9S IT AGA9 WILL TAKE = ITS PO9T ( DEP>TURE ?IS UNEQUAL DI/RIBUTION ( 9COME1 & IT WILL CONSI/ BASICALLY ( V>IATIONS ON ! !ME ( ! CORRUPT+ 9FLU5CE ( MONEY4 ,IF !Y LOOK AT ! FAMILY OR ! SEXUAL QUE/ION1 !Y WILL TALK AB\T H[ POV]TY MAKES PRO/ITUTES1 AB\T ! Y\NG GIRL SOLD TO ! RI* OLD MAN1 AB\T DOME/IC PROBLEMS ?AT >E ! RESULT ( ECONOMIC MIS]Y4 ,IF !Y LOOK AT CULTURE1 !Y WILL TALK AB\T V5ALITY1 AB\T OB/ACLES PUT 9 ! WAY ( TAL5T$ BUT UND]PRIVILEG$ PEOPLE1 & AB\T ILLIT]ACY4 ,C]TA9LY1 ALL ?AT IS TRUE1 & IMPORTANT4 ,BUT IT ONLY T\*ES ! SURFACE ( ! PROBLEM1 & ?OSE :O TALK ONLY 9 ?IS WAY REG>D MAN SOLELY AS A CONSUM] &1 BY PRET5D+ TO SATISFY HIM ON ?IS LEVELS !Y T5D TO R$UCE HIM TO HIS 7DIRECT OR SUBLIMAT$7 PHYSICAL FUNCTIONS ( DIGE/ION4 ,BUT = MAN1 :AT IS AT /AKE IS NOT 0+E/ION0 .<#b#c.> PURE & SIMPLE2 RA!R IT IS A MATT] ( SELF-EXPRESSION & SELF-CREATION1 & NOT ONLY 9 ! ECONOMIC DOMA91 BUT 9 ALL DOMA9S4 

,9 CLASS SOCIETY1 CONFLICT IS NOT EXPRESS$ SIMPLY 9 ! >EA ( DI/RIBUTION1 9 ! =M ( EXPLOITATION & LIMITATIONS ON CONSUMPTION4 ,?IS IS ONLY ONE ASPECT ( ! CONFLICT & NOT ! MO/ IMPORTANT ONE4 ,ITS FUNDAM5TAL FEATURE IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! LIMITATIONS PLAC$ ON MAN'S HUMAN ROLE 9 ! DOMA9 ( PRODUCTION2 EV5TUALLY1 !SE LIMITATIONS GO SO F> AS AN ATTEMPT TO ABOLI% ?IS ROLE COMPLETELY4 ,IT IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! FACT ?AT MAN IS EXPROPRIAT$1 BO? 9DIVIDUALLY & COLLECTIVELY1 FROM HAV+ COMM& OV] HIS [N ACTIVITY4 ,BY HIS 5SLAVEM5T TO ! MA*9E1 & ?R\< ! MA*9E1 TO AN AB/RACT1 =EIGN1 & HO/ILE WILL1 MAN IS DEPRIV$ ( ! TRUE CONT5T ( HIS HUMAN ACTIVITY1 ! CONSCI\S TRANS=MATION ( ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,IT CON/ANTLY 9HIBITS HIS DEEP-SEAT$ T5D5CY TO REALIZE HIMSELF 9 ! OBJECT4 ,! TRUE SIGNIFICATION ( ?IS SITUATION IS NOT ONLY ?AT ! PRODUC]S LIVE IT AS AN ABSOLUTE MIS=TUNE1 AS A P]MAN5T MUTILATION2 IT IS ?AT ?IS SITUATION CREATES AT ! PR(\NDE/ LEVEL ( PRODUCTION A P]PETUAL CONFLICT1 :I* EXPLODES AT LEA/ ON OCCASION2 IT ALSO IS ?AT IT MAKES = HUGE WA/EFULNESS - 9 COMP>ISON TO :I* ! WA/EFULNESS 9VOLV$ 9 CRISES ( OV]PRODUCTION IS PROBABLY NEGLIGIBLE - BO? ?R\< ! PRODUC]S' POSITIVE OPPOSITION TO A SY/EM !Y REJECT & ?R\< ! LO/ OPPORTUNITIES ?AT RESULT FROM NEUTRALIZ+ ! 9V5TIV5ESS & CREATIVITY ( MILLIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS4 ,BEYOND !SE FEATURES1 WE MU/ ASK \RSELVES TO :AT EXT5T ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION IS POSSIBLE1 EV5 0TE*NICALLY10 IF ! DIRECT PRODUC] CONT9UES TO BE KEPT 9 ! COMP>TM5TALIZ$ /ATE 9 :I* HE CURR5TLY RESIDES4 

,BUT ALI5ATION 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IS NOT SIMPLY ECONOMIC4 ,IT NOT ONLY MANIFE/S ITSELF 9 CONNECTION ) MAT]IAL LIFE4 ,IT ALSO AFFECTS 9 A FUNDAM5TAL WAY BO? MAN'S SEXUAL & HIS CULTURAL FUNCTIONS4 

,9DE$1 SOCIETY EXI/S ONLY 9S(> AS !RE EXI/S AN ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION & REPRODUCTION ( ! LIFE ( 9DIVIDUALS & ( ! SPECIES - !RE=E AN ORGANIZATION ( ECONOMIC & SEXUAL RELATIONS - & ONLY 9S(> AS ?IS ORGANIZATION CEASES TO BE SIMPLY 9/9CTUAL & BECOMES CONSCI\S - !RE=E ONLY 9S(> AS IT 9CLUDES ! MOM5T ( CULTURE4 

,AS ,M>X SAID1 0,A BEE PUTS TO %AME MANY AN >*ITECT 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( H] CELLS4 ,BUT :AT DI/+UI%ES ! WOR/ >*ITECT FROM ! BE/ ( BEES IS ?IS1 ?AT ! >*ITECT RAISES HIS /RUCTURE 9 IMAG9ATION BE=E HE ]ECTS IT 9 REALITY40.<#b#d.> ,TE*NIQUE & CONSCI\SNESS OBVI\SLY GO H& 9 H&3 ,AN 9/RUM5T IS A MAT]IALIZ$ & OP]ATIVE SIGNIFICATION1 OR BETT] YET A M$IATION BETWE5 A DELIB]ATE 9T5TION & A /ILL-IDEAL GOAL4 

,:AT IS SAID 9 ?IS QUOTATION FROM ,M>X AB\T ! FABRICATION ( BEES' HONEYCOMBS CAN BE SAID AS WELL AB\T !IR 0SOCIAL0 ORGANIZATION4 ,AS TE*NIQUE REPRES5TS A RATIONALIZATION ( RELATIONS ) ! NATURAL WORLD1 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION REPRES5TS A RATIONALIZATION ( ! RELATIONS BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS ( A GR\P4 ,BEE-HIVE ORGANIZATION IS A NON-CONSCI\S =M ( RATIONALIZATION1 BUT TRIBAL ORGANIZATION IS A CONSCI\S ONE2 ! PRIMITIVE CAN DESCRIBE IT & HE CAN D5Y IT 7BY TRANSGRESS+ IT74 ,RATIONALIZATION 9 ?IS CONTEXT OBVI\SLY DOES NOT MEAN 0\R0 RATIONALIZATION4 ,AT ONE /AGE & 9 A GIV5 CONTEXT1 BO? MAGIC & CANNIBALISM REPRES5T RATIONALIZATIONS 7)\T QUOTATION M>KS74 

,IF1 !RE=E1 A SOCIAL ORGANIZATION IS ANTAGONI/IC1 IT WILL T5D TO BE SO BO? ON ! LEVEL ( PRODUCTION & ON ! SEXUAL & CULTURAL PLANES AS WELL4 ,IT IS WRONG TO ?9K ?AT CONFLICT 9 ! DOMA9 ( PRODUCTION 0CREATES0 OR 0DET]M9ES0 A SECOND>Y OR D]IVATIVE CONFLICT ON O!R PLANES2 ! /RUCTURES ( CLASS DOM9ATION IMPOSE !MSELVES RI<T AWAY ON ALL ?REE LEVELS AT ONCE & >E IMPOSSIBLE & 9CONCEIVABLE \TSIDE ( ?IS SIMULTANEITY1 ( ?IS EQUIVAL5CE4 ,EXPLOITATION1 = EXAMPLE1 CAN BE GU>ANTE$ ONLY IF ! PRODUC]S >E EXPROPRIAT$ FROM ! MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION1 BUT ?IS EXPROPRIATION BO? PRESUPPOSES ?AT ! PRODUC]S T5D TO BE SEP>AT$ FROM ! ABILITY TO MANAGE - & !RE=E FROM CULTURE - & REPRODUCES ?IS SEP>ATION ON AN L>G] SCALE4 ,LIKEWISE1 A SOCIETY 9 :I* ! FUNDAM5TAL 9T]-HUMAN RELATIONS >E RELATIONS ( DOM9ATION PRESUPPOSES & AT ! SAME TIME 5G5D]S AN ALI5AT+ ORGANIZATION ( SEXUAL RELATIONS1 NAMELY AN ORGANIZATION ?AT CREATES 9 9DIVIDUALS DEEP-SEAT$ 9HIBITIONS ?AT T5D TO MAKE !M ACCEPT AU?ORITY1 ETC4.<#b#e.> 

,9DE$1 !RE OBVI\SLY IS A DIALECTICAL EQUIVAL5CE BETWE5 SOCIAL /RUCTURES & ! 0PSY*OLOGICAL0 /RUCTURES ( 9DIVIDUALS4 ,FROM HIS FIR/ /EPS 9 LIFE ! 9DIVIDUAL IS SUBJECT$ TO A CON/ANT SET ( PRESSURES AIM$ AT IMPOS+ ON HIM A GIV5 ATTITUDE T[>D WORK1 SEX1 IDEAS1 AT *EAT+ HIM \T ( .<FRU/R].> ! NATURAL OBJECTS ( HIS ACTIVITY & AT 9HIBIT+ HIM BY MAK+ HIM 9T]IORIZE & VALUE ?IS PROCESS ( FRU/RATION4 ,CLASS SOCIETY CAN EXI/ ONLY 9S(> AS IT SUCCE$S TO A L>GE EXT5T 9 5=C+ ?IS ACCEPTANCE4 ,?IS IS :Y ! CONFLICT IS NOT A PURELY EXT]NAL CONFLICT1 BUT IS TRANSPOS$ 9TO ! HE>TS ( 9DIVIDUALS !MSELVES4 ,?IS ANTAGONI/IC SOCIAL /RUCTURE CORRESPONDS TO AN ANTAGONI/IC /RUCTURE )9 9DIVIDUALS1 EA* P]PETUALLY REPRODUC+ ITSELF BY MEANS ( ! O!R4 ,! PO9T ( !SE CONSID]ATIONS IS NOT ONLY TO EMPHASIZE ! MOM5T ( ID5TITY 9 ! ESS5CE ( ! RELATIONS ( DOM9ATION AS !Y TAKE PLACE 9 ! CAPITALI/ FACTORY1 9 ! PATRI>*AL FAMILY1 OR 9 AU?ORIT>IAN TEA*+ & 0>I/OCRATIC0 CULTURE4 ,IT IS TO PO9T \T ?AT ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION NECESS>ILY WILL HAVE TO EMBRACE ALL DOMA9S 9 !IR 5TIRETY1 & ?IS MU/ BE DONE NOT IT SOME UN=ESEEABLE FUTURE & 0BY 9CREM5TS10 BUT RA!R FROM ! \TSET4 ,C]TA9LY IT HAS TO BEG9 9 A C]TA9 FA%ION1 :I* CAN BE NO?+ O!R ?AN ! DE/RUCTION ( ! P[] ( ! EXPLOIT]S BY ! P[] ( ! >M$ MASSES & ! 9/ALLATION ( WORK]S' MANAGEM5T 9 PRODUCTION4 ,BUT IT WILL HAVE TO GRAPPLE IMM$IATELY ) ! RECON/RUCTION ( O!R SOCIAL ACTIVITIES1 UND] P5ALTY ( DEA?4 ,WE WILL TRY TO %[ ?IS BY LOOK+ AT :AT K9D ( RELATIONS ! PROLET>IAT1 ONCE 9 P[]1 WILL 5T]TA9 ) CULTURE4 

,! ANTAGONI/IC /RUCTURE ( CULTURAL RELATIONS 9 PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY IS EXPRESS$ ALSO 7BUT 9 NO WAY EXCLUSIVELY7 BY ! RADICAL DIVISION BETWE5 MANUAL & 9TELLECTUAL LABOR4 ,! RESULT IS ?AT ! IMM5SE MAJORITY ( HUMANITY IS TOTALLY SEP>AT$ FROM CULTURE AS ACTIVITY & %>ES .<P>TICIPE.> 9 ONLY AN 9F9ITESIMAL FRACTION ( ! FRUITS ( CULTURE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! DIVISION ( SOCIETY 9TO DIRECTORS & EXECUTANTS BECOMES MORE & MORE HOMOLOG\S TO ! DIVISION BETWE5 MANUAL LABOR & 9TELLECTUAL LABOR 7ALL MANAGEM5T JOBS BE+ SOME =M ( 9TELLECTUAL LABOR & ALL MANUAL JOBS BE+ SOME =M ( LABOR ?AT CONSI/S ( ! EXECUTION ( TASKS74.<#b#f.> ,WORK]S' MANAGEM5T IS POSSIBLE1 !RE=E1 ONLY IF FROM ! \TSET IT />TS MOV+ 9 ! DIRECTION ( OV]COM+ ?IS DIVISION1 9 P>TICUL> ) RESPECT TO 9TELLECTUAL LABOR AS IT RELATES TO ! PRODUCTION PROCESS4 ,?IS IMPLIES 9 TURN ?AT ! PROLET>IAT WILL BEG9 TO APPROPRIATE CULTURE = ITSELF4 ,C]TA9LY NOT AS READY-MADE CULTURE1 AS ! ASSIMILATION ( ! 0RESULTS0 ( HI/ORICALLY EXTANT CULTURE4 ,BEYOND A C]TA9 PO9T1 SU* AN ASSIMILATION IS BO? IMPOSSIBLE 9 ! IMM$IATE FUTURE & SUP]FLU\S 7AS CONC]NS :AT IS ( 9T]E/ TO US H]E74 ,RA!R AS APPROPRIATION ( ACTIVITY1 AS RECOV]Y ( ! CULTURAL FUNCTION ITSELF & AS A RADICAL *ANGE 9 ! PRODUC+ MASSES' RELATION TO 9TELLECTUAL WORK4 ,ONLY AS ?IS *ANGE TAKES HOLD WILL WORK]S' MANAGEM5T BECOME IRREV]SIBLE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,P>T #a -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/