,NOTES ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADIS ,TEXT 3 .<#a.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#b.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#c.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#d.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#e.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#f.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#g.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#h.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#i.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#a.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#a#a.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#a#b.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#a#c.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#a#d.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#a#e.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#a#f.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#a#g.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#a#h.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#a#i.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#b.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#b#a.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#b#b.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#b#c.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#b#d.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#b#e.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#b#f.> ,FOOTNOTE MISS+4 .<#b#g.> ,?IS FOLL[+ P>T WILL BE PUBLI%$ 9 ! NEXT ISSUE ( ,S4 \ ,B4 .<#b#h.> ,! PRES5T 0,SUPREME ,SOVIET10 ( C\RSE4 .<#b#i.> ,! EXPRESSION IS TO BE F\ND 9 P>T #c ( ,5GELS'S ,ANTI-,DUHR+4 .<,T_/,E3 ,! ,FR5* PHRASE IS 05 CONNAISSANCE DE CAUSE40 ,CA/ORIADIS REF]S TO A PASSAGE 9 SECTION #b ( ?IS ?IRD P>T1 PP4 #c#i-#a1 ( ! $ITION WE >E US+ 7TRANS4 ,EMILE ,BURNS1 $4 ,C4 ,P4 ,DUTT .<,NEW ,YORK3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#c#i.>74 ,?IS $ITION TRANSLATES ! PHRASE 9 QUE/ION M]ELY AS 0) COMPLETE UND]/&+40.> .<#c.> ,A FEW YE>S AGO A C]TA9 0PHILOSOPH]0 C\LD S]I\SLY ASK H[ ONE C\LD EV5 DISCUSS ,/AL9'S DECISIONS1 S9CE ONE DID NOT KN[ ! REAL FACTS UPON :I* HE ALONE C\LD BASE !M4 7,J4-,P4 ,S>TRE1 0,LES ,COMMUNI/ES ET LA ,PAIX10 9 ,LES ,TEMPS ,MOD]NES1 #h#a1 #h#d-#h#e1 & #aa .<,JULY & ,OCTOB]-,NOVEMB] #a#i#e#b1 ,APRIL #a#i#e#d.>2 TRANS4 ,M>?A ,H4 ,FLET*]1 ,! ,COMMUNI/S & ! ,PEACE .<,NEW ,YORK3 ,GEORGE ,BRAZILL]1 #a#i#f#h.>47 .<#c#a.> ,L59 TOOK ! OPPORTUNITY1 9 ,/ATE & ,REVOLUTION1 TO DEF5D ! IDEA ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY AGA9/ ! RE=MI/S ( HIS DAY :O CONTEMPTU\SLY CALL$ IT 0PRIMITIVE DEMOCRACY40 .<#c#b.> ,ON ?IS FEATURE ( WORK+ LIFE1 SEE ,PAUL ,ROMANO1 0,L',\VRI] AM]IEA910 9 ,S4 \ ,B41 #e-#f 7,M>* #a#i#e71 PP4 #a#b#i-#c#b .<,T_/,E3 0,LIFE 9 ! ,FACTORY10 9 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,WORK] 7#a#i#d#g2 REPR9T$1 ,DETROIT3 ,BEWICK ,$ITIONS1 #a#i#g#b71 PP4 #c#g-#c#i.>1 & ,R4 ,B]?I]1 0,UNE ,EXP]I5CE D'ORGANIZATION \VRI]E10 9 #e4 \ ,B41 #b 7,DECEMB] #a#i#e#f71 PP4 #b#i-#c#a4 .<#c#c.> ,! GREAT CONTRIBUTION ( ! ,AM]ICAN GR\P ?AT PUBLI%ES ,CORRESPOND5CE HAS BE5 TO RESUME ! ANALYSIS ( ! CRISIS ( SOCIETY FROM ! /&PO9T ( PRODUCTION & TO APPLY IT TO ! CONDITIONS ( \R AGE4 ,SEE !IR TEXTS1 TRANSLAT$ & PUBLI%$ 9 ,S4 \ ,B43 ,PAUL ,ROMANO'S 0,L',\VRI] AM]ICA90 7NOS4 #a TO #e-#f .<,M>* #aidi TO ,M>* #a#i#e.>7 & 0,LA ,RECON/RUCTION DE LA SOCIETE0 7NOS4 #g-#h .<,AUGU/ #aiea & ,JANU>Y #a#i#e#b.>7 .<,T_/,E3 SEE 0,LIFE 9 ! ,FACTORY0 & 0,! ,RECON/RUCTION ( ,SOCIETY10 9 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,WORK]74 ,9 ,FRANCE1 IT IS ,PHILIPPE ,GUILLAUME :O HAS REVIV$ ?IS WAY ( LOOK+ AT ?+S 7SEE HIS >TICLE1 0,MA*9ISME ET PROLET>IAT10 9 NO4 #g .<,AUGU/ #aiea .> ( ?IS REVIEW74 ,I AM 9DEBT$ TO HIM1 DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY1 = SEV]AL IDEAS US$ 9 ! PRES5T TEXT4 .<#c#d.> ,K4 ,M>X1 ,CAPITAL 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#f#g71 VOL4 #c1 P4 #h#b4 .<#c#e.> ,DANIEL ,MO!'S TEXT1 0,L',US9E ET LA GE/ION \VRI]E10 ALSO 9 ?IS ISSUE .<,S4 \ ,B41 #bb 7,JULY #a#i#e#g71 PP4 #ge FF4.> ALREADY IS ONE DE FACTO RESPONSE -- COM+ FROM ! FACTORY ITSELF -- TO ! CONCRETE PROBLEM ( %OP-FLOOR WORK]S' MANAGEM5T & ?AT ( H[ TO ORGANIZE WORK4 ,9 REF]R+ TO ?IS TEXT1 WE >E CONSID]+ H]E ONLY ! PROBLEMS ( ! FACTORY AS A :OLE4 .<#c#f.> ,9 ,J4 ,A4 ,C4 ,BR[N'S ,! ,SOCIAL ,PSY*OLOGY ( ,9DU/RY 7,LONDON3 ,P5GU91 #a#i#e#d71 !RE IS A /RIK+ CONTRA/ BETWE5 ! DEVA/AT+ ANALYSIS ! AU?OR MAKES ( PRES5T CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION & ! ONLY 0CONCLUSIONS0 HE CAN DRAW1 :I* >E PI\S EXHORTATIONS TO MANAGEM5T ?AT IT %\LD 0DO BETT]10 0DEMOCRATIZE ITSELF10 ETC4 ,LET IT NOT BE SAID1 H[EV]1 ?AT AN 09DU/RIAL SOCIOLOGI/0 TAKES NO POSITION1 ?AT HE M]ELY DESCRIBES FACTS & DOES NOT SUGGE/ NORMS4 ,ADVIS+ ! MANAG]IAL APP>ATUS TO 0DO BETT]0 IS ITSELF A TAK+ ( A POSITION1 ONE ?AT HAS BE5 %[N H]E TO BE COMPLETELY ,UTOPIAN4 .<#c#g.> ,SEE ! ,TW5TIE? ,CONGRESS TEXTS ANALYZ$ BY ,CLAUDE ,LE=T 9 0,LE ,TOTALIT>ISME SANS ,/AL9E10 ,S4 \ ,B41 #ai 7,JULY #a#i#e#f71 9 P>TICUL>1 PP4 #e#i-#f#b .4 .<#c#h.> ,SEE ,MO!1 0,L',US9E ET LA GE/ION \VRI]E40 .<#c#i.> ,ON ! EXTREME OV]/AFF+ ( 0NONPRODUCTIVE0 DEP>TM5TS 9 TODAY'S FACTORIES1 SEE ,G4 ,VIVI]1 0,LA ,VIE 5 US9E10 #f40 \ ,B41 #ab 7,AUGU/ #a#i#e#c71 PP4 #c#i-#d#a4 ,VIVI] E/IMATES ?AT 9 ! BUS9ESS HE DESCRIBES1 0)\T A RATIONAL REORGANIZATION ( !SE DEP>TM5TS1 #c.0 ( ! EMPLOYES ALREADY >C R$UNDANT0 7EMPHASIS 9 ! ORIG9AL74 .<#d.> ,SEE ,MO!1 0,L',US9E ET LA GE/ION \VRI]E40 .<#d#a.> ,IBID4 .<#d#b.> ,BUREAUCRATIC 0PLANN+0 AS C>RI$ \T 9 ,RUSSIA & ! ,EA/]N ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES PROVES NO?+1 ONE WAY OR ! O!R4 ,IT IS JU/ AS IRRATIONAL & JU/ AS AN>*IC & WA/EFUL AS ! CAPITALI/ 0M>KET0 -- ?\< 9 DIFF]5T WAYS4 ,! WA/E IS BO? 0EXT]NAL0 7! WRONG DECISIONS BE+ ,BLADE7 & 09T]NAL0 7BR\ ,! FIELD IS 9 CON/ANT EXPANSION4 ,! />T+ PO9TS REMA91 H[EV]1 ,LEONTIEF'S ,! ,/RUCTURE ( ,AM]ICAN ,ECONOMY1 #a#i#a#i-#a#i#c#i3 ,AN ,EMPIRICAL ,APPLICATION ( ,EQUILIBRIUM ,ANALYSIS 7#a#i#e#a2 REPR9T$1 ,>MONK1 ,N4,Y43 ,%>PE1 #a#i#g#f71 & ! ESSAYS BY ,LEONTIEF ET AL41 ,/UDIES 9 ! ,/RUCTURE ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,ECONOMY3 ,!ORETICAL & ,EMPIRICAL ,EXPLORATIONS 9 ,9PUT-,\TPUT ,ANALYSIS 7#a#i#e#c2 REPR9T$1 ,>MONK1 ,N4,Y43 ,%>PE1 #a#i#g#f74 .<#d#d.> ,TJALL+ ,KOOPMANS1 ,ACTIVITY ,ANALYSIS ( ,PRODUCTION & ,ALLOCATION 7#a#i#e#a2 REPR9T$1 ,NEW ,HAV51 ,CONN43 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#b74 .<#d#e.> ,! #aiee ,NANTES /RIKES TOOK PLACE >\ND AN ANTI-HI]>*ICAL DEM& = A UNI=M 9CREASE = EV]YONE4 ,! ,HUNG>IAN WORK]S' C\NCILS DEM&$ ! ABOLITION ( NORMS & SEV]E LIMITATIONS ON HI]>*Y4 ,:AT 9ADV]T5TLY IS SAID 9 (FICIAL ,RUSSIAN PROCLAMATIONS 9DICATES ?AT A P]MAN5T /RUGGLE AGA9/ HI]>*Y IS TAK+ PLACE 9 ! FACTORIES ( ?AT C\NTRY4 ,SEE ,P,R,A,B4 .<#d#f.> ,= A DETAIL$ DISCUSSION ( ! PROBLEM ( HI]>*Y1 SEE ,R,P,R1 SECTION #e1 & ,D,C1 9 ,S4 \ ,B41 #ac 7,JANU>Y #a#i#e#d71 PP4 #f#g-#f#i4 .<#d#g.> ,ON ! /RUCTURE ( A L>GE 9SURANCE COMPANY UND]GO+ RAPID 09DU/RIALIZATION10 BO? TE*NICALLY AS WELL AS SOCIALLY & POLITICALLY1 SEE ! >TICLES BY ,H5RI ,COLLET 70,LA ,GREVE AUX ,A4,G4-,VIE10 9 ,S4 \ ,B41 #g .<,AUGU/ #a#i#e#a.>1 PP4 #a#c-#a7 & ,R4 ,B]?I] 70,UNE ,EXP]I5CE D'ORGANIZATION \VRI]E3 ,LE ,CONSEIL DU P]SONNEL DES ,A4,G4-,VIE10 9 ,S4 \ ,B41 #b .<,DECEMB] #a#i#e#g.>1 PP4 #a-#f#d74 ,ON ! SAME PROCESS TAK+ PLACE )9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E 0T]TI>Y0 SECTORS >E BE+ M]G$1 SEE ,C4 ,WRI 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#a1 ESP4 PP4 #a#i#b-#i#h74 ,9 ORD] TO TAKE /OCK ( ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! *ANGES ?AT >E EXPECT$ TO OCCUR 9 !SE >EAS1 WE MU/ REMEMB] ?AT ! 9DU/RIALIZATION ( (FICE & 0S]VICE0 WORK 7&1 ULTIMATELY1 ! 9DU/RIALIZATION ( 09TELLECTUAL0 WORK7 IS /ILL 9 ITS 9FANCY4 ,CF4 ,N4 ,WI5]1 ,CYB]NETICS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,WILEY1 #a#i#d#h71 PP4 #c#g-#c#h4 ,9 AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T SECTOR1 ?AT ( !AT] & FILM1 IT IS 9T]E/+ TO COMP>E ! IDEAS EXP\ND$ 9 ?IS >TICLE ) ! MULTIPLE 7ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 WORK-MANAGEM5T7 ROLE ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,WORK]S' ,COMMITTEE ( ?IS SECTOR PLAY$ DUR+ ! ,HUNG>IAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,SEE 0,LES ,>TI/ES DU !AT] ET DU C9EMA P5DANT LA REVOLUTION HONGROISE10 9 ,S4 \ ,B41 #b 7,DECEMB] #a#i#e#g71 PP4 #i#f-#a#d4 .<#d#h.> ,SEE SECTION #b ( ,*APT] #a ( ,/ATE & ,REVOLUTION4 .<#d#i.> ,SEE ,*APT] #d 70,TE*NIQUE & ! ,/ATE07 ( ,JACQUES ,ELLUL'S ,! ,TE*NOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY1 TRANS4 ,J4 ,WILK9SON1 9TRO4 ,ROB]T ,K4 ,M]TON 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,KNOPF1 #a#i#f#d74 ,9 SPITE ( HIS FUNDAM5TALLY 9CORRECT \TLOOK1 ,ELLUL HAS ! M]IT ( ANALYZ+ SOME ( !SE KEY ASPECTS ( ! REALITY ( ! MOD]N ,/ATE1 ASPECTS ?AT >E BLI!LY IGNOR$ BY MO/ SOCIOLOGI/S & POLITICAL WRIT]S -- :E!R 0,M>XI/0 OR NOT4 .<#e.> ,?IS IS ,ELLUL'S PO9T ( VIEW1 AS EXPRESS$ 9 ,! ,TE*NOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY4 ,ELLUL CONCLUDES ?AT 0IT IS FUTILE TO TRY TO PUT A HALT TO ?IS PROCESS OR TO GRASP A HOLD ( IT & GUIDE IT40 ,= HIM1 TE*NIQUE IS ONLY ! SELF-DEVELOP+ PROCESS ( 5SLAVEM5T TAK+ PLACE 9DEP5D5TLY ( ANY SOCIAL CONTEXT4 .<,T_/,E3 ,I HAVE TRANSLAT$ ,CA/ORIADIS'S QUOTATION ( ,ELLUL4.> .<#e#a.> ,SEE ,C4 ,WRI1 PP4 #c#d#g-#d#h1 & ,! ,P[] ,ELITE .<,NEW ,YORK3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#f.>1 PP4 #acd FF41 #ade FF41 ETC47 = AN ILLU/RATION ( ! TOTAL LACK ( ANY RELATION%IP BETWE5 0TE*NICAL0 CAPACITIES ( ANY K9D1 ON ! ONE H&1 & CURR5T 9DU/RIAL MANAGEM5T OR POLITICAL LEAD]%IP GR\PS1 ON ! O!R4 .<#e#b.> 0,PLATO DEF9$ ! LIMITS ( ! SIZE ( ! CITY AS ! NUMB] ( PEOPLE :O C\LD HE> ! VOICE ( A S+LE ORATOR3 TODAY ?OSE LIMITS DO NOT DEF9E A CITY BUT A CIVILIZATION4 ,:]EV] NEO-TE*NIC 9/RUM5TS EXI/ & A COMMON LANGUAGE IS US$ !RE >E N[ ! ELEM5TS ( ALMO/ AS CLOSE A POLITICAL UNITY AS ?AT :I* ONCE WAS POSSIBLE 9 ! T9IE/ CITIES ( ,ATTICA4 ,! POSSIBILITIE = GOOD & EVIL H]E >E IMM5SE0 7,LEWIS ,MUM=D1 ,TE*NICS & ,CIVILIZATION .<,NEW ,YORK-,HIL C\RT1 ,BRACE1 #a#i#c#d.>1 P4 #b#d#a74 .<#e#c.> #g#i#e1 TRANS4 ,ANYA ,BO/OCK 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,V9TAGE1 #a#i#g#a71 P4 #a#i4 .<#e#d.> ,! EV5TS 9 ,POL& HAVE FURNI%$ YET ANO!R CONFIRMATION ( ! IDEA ?AT ! ,P>TY CAN NOT BE A GOV]NM5TAL ORGAN 7SEE 0,LA ,REVOLUTION PROLET>I5NE CONTRE LA BUREAUCRATIC0 9 ,S4 ON ,B .<#e#e.> ,SEE 0,CRITIQUE ( ! ,GO?A ,PROGRAM40 .<#e#f.> ,9 ,C,S ,I,I4 .<#e#g.> ,SEE ,R,P,B1 9 ,S,B #a1 PP4 #b#h#f-#c#a .<,T_/,E3 SEE 0,! ,PROLET>IAN ,REVOLUTION AGA9/ ! ,BUREAUCRACY10 ?IS VOLUME1 />T+ ) ! SECTION 5TITL$ 0,WORK+-,CLASS ,RESI/ANCE3 ,ULTIMATE ,CAUSE ( ! ,FAILURE ( ! ',PLAN1'0 & 5D+ ) ! FIR/ HALF ( 0,! ,POLITICAL ,EVOLUTION ( ,DE-,/AL9IZATION0.>4 .<#e#h.> ,CONC]N+ ! PROBLEM ( REMUN]AT+ LABOR 9 A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY3 ,C,S ,I1 PP4 #a#b-#a#e .<,T_/,E3 REPR9T$ 9 ,C,S1 PP4 #h#c-#h#g1 & 9CLUD$ 9 ,P,S,W #a AS ! SECOND SECTION ( ,C,S ,I1 0,M>XISM & ! ,IDEA ( ! ,AUTONOMY ( ! ,PROLET>IAT0.>2 APROPOS ( ! V]Y NATURE ( WORK & ( ! 0R$UCTION ( ! WORKDAY0 AS A SOLUTION TO ! PROBLEM ( ALI5ATION3 ,C,S ,I,I1 PP4 #a#d-#b#b .<,T_/,E3 REPR9T$ 9 ,C,S1 PP4 #a#b#c-#c#g1 & 9CLUD$ 9 ?IS VOLUME AS SECTION #d ( ,C,S ,I,I1 0,SOCIALISM ,IS ! ,TRANS=MATION ( ,WORK0.>4 .<#e#i.> ,SEE ! CRITIQUE ( ?IS CONCEPTION 9 ,C,S ,I,I1 PP4 #a#d-#b#b .<,T_/,E3 SEE PREC$+ NOTE.>4 .<#f.> ,T_/,E3 ,CA/ORIADIS USES ! PHRASE 0UNE SEULE BONNE ME?ODE0 FOLL[$ BY ! ,5GLI% PHRASE 0! ONE BE/ WAY0 )9 QUOTATION M>KS & 9 P>5!SES4 .<#f#a.> ,) ! ADDITION ( V>I\S O!R FACTORS1 LIKE ! P]C5TAGES ALLOTT$ = 0TAK+ ACC\NT ( UN=ESE5 POSSIBILITIES0 -- :I* 9 FACT CAN BE ASSESS$ ONLY EMPIRICALLY & >BITR>ILY & :I* !REBY RU9 ! ALLEG$ 0RATIONALITY0 ( ! RE/4 .<#f#b.> ,WE >E TALK+ AB\T SCI5TIFIC MANAGEM5T 9S(> AS IT APPLIES TO ! PROBLEMS ( \TPUT BY HUMAN BE+S4 ,AS PRODUCTION 5G9E]S1 ! ,TAYLORI/S W]E ABLE TO PLAY A POSITIVE ROLE 9 A HO/ ( DOMA9S CONC]N+ ! MAT]IAL RATIONALIZATION ( PRODUCTION -- & SOMETIMES ALSO ! RATIONALIZATION ( HUMAN MOTION BY MAK+ KN[N TO O!RS ! MO/ ECONOMICAL ME?ODS1 AS PICK$ UP FROM 9DIVIDUAL WORK]S4 .<#f#c.> ,?US A /RIKE BREAKS \T 9 AN 5T]PRISE FOLL[+ AN AV]AGE #b P]C5T R$UCTION 9 TIME ALL[ANCES 9 ! ASSEMBLY %OP4 ,AMONG O!R ISSUES1 ! %OP /EW>DS BR\RI]2 MOREOV]1 FREQU5T /OPPAGES W]E CAUS$ BY BAD SUPPLY >RANGEM5TS AT ASSEMBLY PO9TS1 :I* P5ALIZ$ WORK]S PAID ON AN \TPUT BASIS0 7,R4 ,J4 ,J\FFRET1 0,DESCRIPTION ( ,TWO ,CASES 9 ,:I* ,HUMAN ,RELATIONS 9 ,9DU/RY ,W]E ,IMPAIR$ BY ! ,EFFICI5T ,USE ( ,TIME ,/UDY 9 ,DET]M9+ ,PRODUCTION ,BONUSES10 9 ,HUMAN ,RELATIONS 9 ,9DU/RY .<,P>IS3 ,EUROPEAN ,PRODUCTIVITY ,AG5CY1 #a#i#e#f.>1 P4 #b#b74 ,SU* SITUATIONS EXI/ EV]Y:]E4 .<#f#d.> ,J\FFRET1 IBID41 P4 #b#a4 ,! TIMES NOT$ >E ADJU/$ TO ! 0NORMAL 7P]=MANCE7 RATES0 & 0RE/ COEFFICI5TS10 :I* CAN BE BAS$ ONLY UPON ! TIME-/UDY 5G9E]S' E/IMATIONS4 .<#f#e.> ,H]E WE HAVE ONE ( ! 0F9D+S0 ( ! FAM\S ,HAW?ORNE FACTORY EXP]IM5TS CONDUCT$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES FROM #aibd TO #aibg UND] ! DIRECTION ( ,ELTON ,MAYO3 0,IT WAS F\ND ?AT ! MORE 9TELLIG5T ! GIRL1 ! GREAT] WAS ! NUMB] ( V>IATIONS 79 H] MOVEM5TS740 ,J4 ,A4 ,C4 ,BR[N1 ,! ,SOCIAL ,PSY*OLOGY ( ,9DU/RY 7,LONDON3 ,P5GU91 #a#i#e#f71 P4 #g#b4 .<#f#f.> ,! 0OBJECTIVE-SCI5TIFIC0 MEASURABILITY ( LABOR-TIME AIM$ AT BY ,TAYLORISM 0EXT5DS RIE SEP>AT$ FROM HIS TOTAL P]SONALITY & PLAC$ 9 OPPOSITION TO IT SO AS TO FACILITATE !IR 9TEGRATION 9TO SPECIALIZ$ RATIONAL SY/EMS & !IR R$UCTION TO /ATI/ICALLY VIABLE CONCEPTS4444 ,9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! RATIONALIZATION ( ! WORK-PROCESSES1 ! HUMAN QUALITIES & IDIOSYNCRASIES APPE> 9CREAS+LY AS M]E S\RCES ( ]RORS 7,G4 ,LUKACS1 ,HI/ORY & ,CLASS ,CONSCI\SNESS .<,CAMBRIDGE3 ,M,I,T ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#a.>1 P4 #h#h47 .<#f#g.> ,SEE ! SUMM>Y ( ?IS CRITIQUE 9 ,J4 ,A4 ,C4 ,BR[N1 ,! ,SOCIAL ,PSY*OLOGY ( ,9DU/RY1 *APT]S #a & #c4 ,SPEAK+ ( ,TAYLORISM1 ,ALA9 ,T\RA9E WRITES 7,L',EVOLUTION DU TRAVAIL \VRI] AUX US9ES ,R5AULT .<,P>IS3 ,C,N,R,S1 #a#i#e#e.>1 P4 #a#a#e73 0,S9CE ,TAYLOR1 P]SONNEL ADM9I/RATORS HAVE /RIV5 TO /OP 7! WORK]S7 FROM 'LOAF+1' BUT ,TAYLOR'S PSEUDOSCI5TIFIC & PURELY CO]CIVE ME?ODS TODAY >E CONDEMN$2 ! IMPORTANCE ( HUMAN RELATIONS1 ( COMMUNICATIONS1 ( 9=MAL ORGANIZATION1 I4E41 ( SOCIAL ADJU/M5T .<,T_/,E3 ,T\RA9E PLACES ! ,5GLI% PHRASE 'SOCIAL ADJU/M5T' 9 P>5!SES & 9 ITALICS1 FOLL[+ ! PHRASE '9TEGRATION SOCIALE'.> ( ! WORK] 9TO ! 5T]PRISE1 HAS BECOME ! PR9CIPAL !ME ( ,AM]ICAN ,P]SONNEL ,MANAGEM5T40 .<,T_/,E3 0,P]SONNEL ,MANAGEM5T0 APPE>S 9 ,5GLI%4.> ,BUT :AT VALUE IS !RE 9 CONDEMN+ ,TAYLOR :5 IT IS WELL KN[N ?AT ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ,FR5* BUS9ESSES PAY WORK]S ON AN \TPUT BASIS1 US+ TIME-MOTION /UDIES 7,R4 ,J- ,J\FFRET1 0,DESCRIPTION10 P4 #b78 ,9 FACT1 AS WE %ALL SEE1 MANAGEM5T HAS RESPOND$ TO ! BANKRUPTCY ( ,TAYLORISM ) MORE & NOT ) LESS CO]CION4 ,AS = 0HUMAN RELATIONS10 WE WILL COME TO IT LAT]4 .<#f#h.> ,! FIR/ P]SON TO EXP]I5CE ?IS /RUGGLE OBVI\SLY WAS ,TAYLOR HIMSELF4 ,SPEAK+ ( ! FIR/ YE>S ( HIS C>E]1 :5 HE HIMSELF APPLI$ HIS ME?OD 9 FACTORIES1 HE WROTE1 0,I WAS A GREAT DEAL OLD] ?AN ,I AM N[1 :AT ) ! WORRY1 MEANNESS1 & CONTEMPTIBL5ESS ( ! :OLE DAMN ?+4 ,IT'S A HORRID LIFE = ANY MAN TO LIVE NOT BE+ ABLE TO LOOK ANY WORKMAN 9 ! FACE )\T SEE+ HO/ILITY !RE1 & A FEEL+ ?AT EV]Y MAN >\ND Y\ IS Y\R VIRTUAL 5EMY0 7CIT$ BY ,J4 ,A4 ,C4 ,BR[N1 ',! ,SOCIAL ,PSY*OLOGY ( ,9DU/RY1 P4 #a#d74 ,SEE A DESCRIPTION ( ! WORK]S' ATTITUDE T[>D TIME-/UDY M5 9 ,GEORGES ,VIVI]1 0,LA ,VIE 5 US9E10 ,SOCIALISME \ ,B>B>IE1 #ab 7,AUGU/ #a#i#e#c71 PP4 #* & #d1 ,DANIEL ,MO!1 0,L',US9E ET LA GE/ION \VI]E10 IBID41 #bb 7,JULY #a#i#e#g71 PP4 #i-#i#b .

TIALLY REPRODUC$ 9 ,J\RNAL D'UN \VRI] 7,P>IS3 ,M9UIT1 #a#i#e#i.>2 ,PAUL ,ROMANO1 0,L',\VRI] AM]ICA910 IBID41 #b 7,MAY #a#i#d#i71 PP4 #h#d-#h#e .<,T_/,E3 0,LIFE 9 ! ,FACTORY10 9 ,ROMANO & ,/ONE1 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,WORK] 7#a#i#d#g2 REPR9T$1 ,DETROIT1 ,BEWICK ,$ITIONS1 #a#i#g#b71 P4 #i.>3 0,:5 ! TIME-/UDY M5 >E AB\T1 ! WORK] WILL F9D A MULTITUDE ( REASONS = %UTT+ ! MA*9E D[N40 ,! SY/EMATIC SL[D[N ( WORK P]=M$ 9 FRONT ( ! TIME-/UDY M5 IS A UNIV]SAL RULE4 ,:5 TIME /UDIES >E DONE1 ! WORK]S SWIT* TO L[] SPE$S & SL[] 0FE$S0 ?AN ! ONES !Y WILL USE LAT] ON2 0OP]ATORS DEEM$ IT NECESS>Y TO EMBELLI% ! TIM+ P]=MANCE ) MOVEM5TS 444 ?AT C\LD BE DROPP$ 9/ANT] ) ! DEP>TURE ( ! TIME-/UDY MAN0 7,DONALD ,ROY1 0,EFFICI5CY & ',! ,FIX10' ,AM]ICAN ,J\RNAL ( ,SOCIOLOGY1 #f .<,NOVEMB] #a#i#e#d.>1 PP4 #b#e#e-#f#f74 .<#f#i.> ,R4 ,J4 ,J\FFRET1 0,DESCRIPTION10 P4 #b#a4 ,! IDEA ?AT ! WORK]S 0%\LD NORMALLY0 ACCEPT REVISIONS 9 ! HOTT$ TIMES IS ALL ! MORE A/ONI%+ S9CE ! AU?OR HIMSELF %[S ?AT ! REVISION ?AT PROVOK$ ! CONFLICT 5D$ UP /EAL+ FROM ! WORK]S AT LEA/ #a P]C5T ( !IR TIME & S9CE HE CONCLUDES HIS /UDY BY SAY+ ?AT 9 ?IS FIRM 0! LACK ( CONFID5CE FELT BY ! WORK]S 9 ! PROC$URE ( ! ,ME?ODS ,DEP>TM5T PROV$ TO BE L>GELY JU/IFI$ AS A RESULT ( ! JO9T SURVEY SUBSEQU5T TO ! DISPUTE40 .<#g.> ,SEE 0,/AKHANOVISME ET M\*>DAGE DANS LES US9ES T*ECOSLOVAQUES10 BY ,V4 ,W4 9 ,SOCIALISME \ ,B>B>IE1 #c 7,JULY #a#i#d#i71 PP4 #h#b-#h#g1 & ,GUILLAUME'S %ORT REPORT1 0,LA ,DE/AKHANOVISATION 5 ,POLOGNE10 IBID41 #ai 7,JULY #a#i#e#f71 PP4 #a#d#d-#d#e4 .<#g#a.> ,TE/IMONY GA!R$ BY US FROM FACTORY WORK]S4 .<#g#b.> ,R4 ,J4 ,J\FFRET1 0,DESCRIPTION10 P4 #b#a-#b4 .<#g#c.> ,DONALD ,ROY1 0,QUOTA ,RE/RICTION & ,GOLDBRICK+ 9 A ,MA*9E ,%OP10 ,AM]ICAN ,J\RNAL ( ,SOCIOLOGY1 #eg 7,M>* #a#i#e#b71 PP4 #d#b#g-#d#b4 ,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT ! 5TIRE ANALYSIS ( ! 0,HAW?ORNE EXP]IM5T0 MADE BY ! ,ELTON ,MAYO S*OOL IS BAS$ ON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT WORK]S 9 ! %OPS /UDI$ HAD NO 0RATIONAL REASON0 = RE/RICT+ !IR \TPUT & ?AT IT !RE=E WAS NECESS>Y TO F9D 0NONLOGICAL0 MOTIVES = !IR BEHAVIOR4 ,ROY REM>KS 9 ?IS REG>D3 0,JOHN ,MILLS1 ONETIME RESE>* 5G9E] 9 TELEPHONY & = FIVE YE>S 5GAG$ 9 P]SONNEL WORK = ,BELL ,TELEPHONE ,COMPANY1 HAS REC5TLY 9DICAT$ ! POSSIBILITY ?AT !RE W]E FACTORS 9 ! BANK-WIR+ ROOM SITUATION :I* ! ,MAYO GR\P FAIL$ TO DETECT3 ',REW>D IS SUPPOS$ TO BE 9 DIRECT PROPORTION TO PRODUCTION4 ,WELL1 ,I REMEMB] ! FIR/ TIME ,I EV] GOT BEH9D ?AT FICTION4 ,I WAS VISIT+ ! ,WE/]N ,ELECTRIC ,COMPANY1 :I* HAD A REPUTATION ( NEV] CUTT+ A PIECE RATE4 ,IT NEV] DID2 IF SOME MANUFACTUR+ PROCESS WAS F\ND TO PAY MORE ?AN SEEM$ RITICUL> P>T WAS REF]R$ TO ! 5G9E]S = R$ESIGN1 & !N A NEW RATE WAS SET ON ! NEW P>T4 ,WORK]S1 9 O!R WORDS1 W]E PAID AS A CLASS1 !Y W]E SUPPOS$ TO MAKE AB\T SO MU* A WEEK ) !IR BE/ EF=TS &1 ( C\RSE1 LESS = LESS COMPET5T EF=TS' 7,! ,5G9E] 9 ,SOCIETY .<,NEW ,YORK3 ,VAN ,NOSIR&1 #a#i#d#f.>1 P4 #i#c740 7,QUOT$ BY ,ROY1 0,QUOTA ,RE/RICTION10 P4 #d#c#a47 ,LET US ADD ?AT ! ,MAYO RESE>* GR\P LIT]ALLY LIV$ 9 ! %OP 9 QUE/ION = FIVE YE>S & ?AT IT CLAIM$ TO BE /UDY+ REALITY )\T ANY PRE-E/ABLI%$ !ORETICAL S*EMA1 )\T ANY 0PRECONCEIV$ IDEAS40 ,?IS IS :AT ALL[$ !M TO R$ISCOV] 9 REALITY !IR UNCONSCI\S IDEAS 7= EXAMPLE1 ?AT MANAGEM5T IS ALWAYS LOGICAL1 & ?AT1 IF ! WORK]S OPPOSE MANAGEM5T1 IT CAN ONLY BE = 0NONLOGICAL0 REASONS7 & TO IGNORE FACTS AS MASSIVE AS ?OSE M5TION$ BY ,MILLS4 .<#g#d.> ,ON CONFLICTS OV] QUALITY CONTROL1 SEE ,MO!'S >TICLE1 0,L',US9E ET LA GE/ION \VRI]E10 9 #e4 \ ,B41 #bb 7,JULY #a#i#e#g71 P>TICUL>LY P4 #a#c4 0,TO SUCCE$ 9 'E>N+ A LIV+' 7I4E41 9 NOT EXCE$+ Y\R TIME ALLOTM5TS71 ONE HAS TO CUT CORN]S ON QUALITY1 ELIM9ATE AN OP]ATION H]E & !RE4 ,9 ! FACTORY1 ?IS CURR5TLY IS CALL$ 'SABOTAGE'0 7,G4 ,VIVI]1 ,SOCIALISME \ ,B>B>IE1 #ad .<,APRIL #a#i#e#d.>1 P4 #e#g74 ,?IS CUTT+ ( CORN]S IS ! 0/REAML9+0 .<,T_/,E3 ! WORD APPE>S ITALICIZ$ & 9 ,5GLI% 9 ! ORIG9AL.> ( ,AM]ICAN FACTORY P>LANCE2 CF4 ,ROY1 0,EFFICI5CY & ! ',FIX1'0 P4 #b#e#g4 ,ON ! CONTRADICTIONS1 ! RESORT TO EMPIRICAL ME?ODS1 & ! PROLIF]ATION ( PIECEWORK-RELAT$ SUP]VISORY S]VICES1 SEE ,T\RA9E1 ,L',EVOLUTION1 PP4 #a#f#i-#g4 ,T\RA9E CONCLUDES ?AT ULTIMATELY 0! UNWIELD9ESS ( SUP]VISORY CONTROLS POSES ! QUE/ION ( RETURN+ TO SELF-CONTROL10 I4E41 QUALITY CONTROL OV] PIECES BY ! SEMISKILL$ WORK]S :O MANUFACTURE !M4 ,IT IS NOT DIFFICULT TO SEE ?AT SU* AN APP>5TLY M9USCULE *ANGE IS IMPOSSIBLE )\T A TOTAL OV]?R[ ( ! /RUCTURE ( ! FACTORY1 ( WAGES1 ( ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! WORK] & HIS WORK4 .<#g#e.> ,ROY1 0,EFFICI5CY & ! ',FIX4'0 .<#g#f.> ,!SE >E :AT ,ANGLO-,SAXON SOCIOLOGI/S CALL 09=MAL GR\PS0 OR 0PRIM>Y GR\PS40 .<,T_/,E3 ,9 ! ORIG9AL1 ,CA/ORIADIS GIVES ! ,FR5* TRANSLATION ( !SE TWO PHRASES4 ,WE HAVE RETA9$ ?R\<\T HIS PHRASE1 0ELEM5T>Y GR\PS10 TO DI/+UI% HIS ANALYSIS FROM ?AT ( !SE 0,ANGLO-,SAXON SOCIOLOGI/S40.> .<#g#g.> ,WE %ALL SEE LAT] ?AT ! DIV]G5CE BETWE5 ! WORK]S' SPONTANE\S ORGANIZATION & ! FACTORY'S (FICIAL ORGANIZATION IS1 FROM A C]TA9 PO9T ( VIEW1 ! COND5S$ EXPRESSION ( ALL ! CONFLICTS & ( ALL ! CONTRADICTIONS ( ! CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISE4 .<#g#h.> ,! /UDY ( ELEM5T>Y GR\PS GOES BACK TO ,*>LES ,H4 ,COOLEY 7,HUMAN ,NATURE & ! ,SOCIAL ,ORD] .<#a#i#b2 REPR9T$1 ,NEW ,BRUNSWICK1 ,N4,J43 ,TRANSACTION ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#c.>74 ,ITS APPLICATION TO 9DU/RIAL SOCIOLOGY IS TI$ TO ! WORKS ( ,ELTON ,MAYO & HIS S*OOL4 ,SEE1 9 P>TICUL>1 ,ELTON ,MAYO1 ,! ,SOCIAL ,PROBLEMS ( AN ,9DU/RIAL ,CIVILIZATION 7#a#i#d#e2 REPR9T$1 ,SALEM1 ,N4,H43 ,AY]1 #a#i#g#g74 .<#g#i.> ,MAYO1 ,SOCIAL ,PROBLEMS1 ,*APT] #b1 0,! ,RABBLE ,HYPO!SIS & ,ITS ,COROLL>Y1 ! ,/ATE ,ABSOLUTE40 .<#h.> ,T_/,E3 ,CA/ORIADIS USES ! ,5GLI% PHRASE 0RABBLE HYPO!SIS0 9 ITALICS1 FOLL[$ BY ! ,FR5* PHRASE 0PO/ULAT DE LA HORDE40 ,:AT WE HAVE TRANSLAT$ AS 0! MOLECUL> HYPO!SIS0 IS :AT HE CALLS ! 0PO/ULAT MOLECULAIRE40 .<#h#a.> ,REM>K BY ,PHILIPPE ,GUILLAUME4 .<#h#b.> ,UNLESS1 ONCE AGA91 SU* 0RECOGNITION0 . MEANS 9VIT+ MANAGEM5T TO UTILIZE ITS 0ACQUA9TANCES .0 9 SU* GR\PS 9 ORD] TO WORM ITS WAY 9TO !M1 ! BETT] TO COMBAT !M4 ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,AM]ICAN LIT]ATURE & C9EMA (F] MANY EXAMPLES ( ?IS TYPE ( UTILIZATION3 ,?US 9 ! FILM ,BLACKBO>D ,JUNGLE1 AN ELEM5T>Y GR\P IS BROK5 UP BY DISCR$IT+ ! 0R+LEAD]0 9 ! EYES ( ITS MEMB]S4 .<#h#c.> ,WE >E ?9K+ 9 P>TICUL> ( ,MAYO1 BUT ! SAME CAN BE SAID ( ALL ( 9DU/RIAL SOCIOLOGY4 ,?US ,BR[N1 9 HIS EXCELL5T SYN!SIS ( 9DU/RIAL SOCIOLOGY ALREADY CIT$1 P]SI/5TLY RECAPITULATES ! CRITICISMS DEVELOP$ BY SEV]AL WRIT]S 9 ?IS REG>D AGA9/ ,MAYO & EMPHASIZES ?AT ELEM5T>Y GR\PS HAVE !IR [N LOGIC1 9 NO WAY 09F]IOR0 TO MANAGEM5T'S LOGIC1 BUT HE REMA9S UNABLE TO GET HIMSELF \T ( ! CONTRADICTION AS ?US /AT$4 ,& = GOOD REASON1 = ! ONLY WAY \T IS WORK]S' MANAGEM5T -- OBVI\SLY AN 0UNSCI5TIFIC0 IDEA = A SOCIOLOGI/4 .<#h#d.> ,SEE ! EXTRAORD9>ILY VIVID DESCRIPTION ( ?IS 9=MAL ORGANIZATION 9 ! ,R5AULT FACTORIES BY ,MO!1 0,L',US9E ET LA GE/ION \VRI]E10 9 P>TICUL> PP4 #h#a-#i1 #a#a-#b1 & #a#f-#a4 .<#h#e.> ,AN 9=MAL ORGANIZATION ALSO EXI/S1 ( C\RSE1 AT HI<] E*ELONS 9 ! MANAGEM5T APP>ATUS -- BUT1 AS WILL BE SE5 LAT]1 IT OBEYS ANO!R TYPE ( LOGIC ?AN ?AT ( AN 9=MAL ORGANIZATION ( EXECUTANTS4 .<#h#f.> ,SEE A DESCRIPTION ( ?IS K9D ( COOP]ATION 9 ,MO!'S 0,L',US9E10 AS WELL AS ! LONG QUOTATIONS FROM ,ROY ?AT WE PROVIDE LAT]4 .<#h#g.> ,( C\RSE1 IT IS NOT A MATT] H]E ( SEP>ATE TIME P]IODS1 BUT ( SIMULTANE\S FACETS1 ( LOGICAL MOM5TS 9 ! PROCESS ( ORGANIZ+ PRODUCTION4 .<#h#h.> ,SEE 9 ?IS REG>D ,MO!'S LONG EXPOSITION 9 0,L',US9E02 LIKEWISE ?OSE ( ,VIVI] 7,SOCIALISME \ ,B>B>IE1 #ab .<,AUGU/ #a#i#e#c.>1 PP4 #d#f-#d#g1 #ad .<,APRIL #a#i#e#d.>1 PP4 #e#f-#e#g7 & ( ,PAUL ,ROMANO 7IBID41 #b .<,MAY #a#i#d#i.>1 PP4 #h#i-#i#a .<,T_/,E3 #aigb ,AM]ICAN $ITION1 PP4 #a#b-#a#d.>47 .<#h#i.> ,CF4 ,N4 ,WI5]1 ,CYB]NETICS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,WILEY1 #a#i#d#h71 PP4 #a#g#b-#g#c4 .<#i.> 0,AFT] EA* MODEL *ANGE1 ! SUP]VISORS FR5ETICALLY RUN ?R\< ! FACTORY TRY+ TO GET ! PLANS & MA*9]Y :I* HAVE BE5 /UDI$ = MON?S 9 ! (FICES TO WORK NORMALLY4 ,AT ?IS MOM5T ! =EMAN IS BOSS2 HE PUTS ! WORK]S :]E HE WANTS1 HE BREAKS UP OLD GR\PS1 HE ASS]TS HIS AU?ORITY4 ,IT IS ! MOM5T ( GREATE/ DISORGANIZATION 9 ! FACTORY4 ,= PRECISELY ?IS REASON FEW ,DETROIT AUT[ORK]S WILL BUY A NEW C> IMM$IATELY AFT] ! MODEL *ANGES4 ,!Y LEAVE ?IS LEMON TO PEOPLE :O DON'T WORK 9 A FACTORY & !RE=E DON'T KN[ ANY BETT]4 ,IT IS ONLY :5 ! WORK]S >E ABLE TO REE/ABLI% A C]TA9 AM\NT ( ORD] 9 PRODUCTION ?AT ?+S GO SMOO?LY4 ,! =EMAN HAS BE5 PUT 9 *>GE ( A GR\P ( WORK]S & HE IS TOLD :AT HE %\LD MAKE !M DO4 ,! ORGANIZATION HE BR+S AB\T IS ALWAYS BAD4 ,! ASSEMBLY L9E GOES TOO QUICKLY OR ELSE !RE IS ONLY A S+LE MAN :]E !RE %\LD BE TWO4 ,! WORK]S EXPLA9 ?AT TO HIM1 BUT HE HAS HIS ORD]S & CANNOT MAKE ANY *ANGES BAS$ ON :AT ! WORK]S SAY4 ,! M5 !RE=E >E OBLIG$ TO TAKE ! SITUATION 9 H& !MSELVES4 ,!Y SCREW UP ! WORK SO ?AT ! ASSEMBLY L9E HAS TO BE /OPP$4 ,F9ALLY1 AFT] ?IS SITUATION HAS GONE ON = SOME TIME1 MANAGEM5T WISES UP1 PRODUCTION IS ADJU/$1 & ! C>S PRODUC$ >E WOR? ! PRICE ( PUR*ASE0 7,! ,AM]ICAN ,CIVILIZATION1 MONOTYP$ TEXT PRODUC$ BY ! ,AM]ICAN GR\P FROM ,DETROIT1 ,CORRESPOND5CE1 P4 #d#g2 .<,T_/,E3 DESPITE A LONG SE>*1 NO COPY ( ?IS TEXT HAS BE5 F\ND2 WE !RE=E HAVE RETRANSLAT$ ,CA/ORIADIS'S ,FR5* BACK 9TO ,5GLI%4.>7 .<#i#a.> ,SEE ,MO!1 0,L',US9E10 P4 #h#h4 .<#i#b.> ,SEE ,R,P,B1 9 ,S,B #a1 PP4 #b#g#i-#h#a .<,T_/,E3 SEE 0,! ,PROLET>IAN ,REVOLUTION AGA9/ ! ,BUREAUCRACY10 ?IS VOLUME1 ! ?IRD UNNUMB]$ SUBSECTION ( ! SECTION 5TITL$ 0,BUREAUCRATIC ,PLANN+0.>4 .<#i#c.> ,= EXAMPLE1 EV]Y =M ( PSY*OANALYSIS WOR?Y ( ! NAME IS BAS$ ON ! IDEA ?AT ! FRE$OM ( ! SUBJECT IS AT ONE & ! SAME TIME ! 5D & ! MEANS ( ! !RAPEUTIC PROCESS -- & EV]Y UTILIZATION ( PSY*OANALYSIS BY 9DU/RIAL SOCIOLOGY IS BAS$ ON ! MANIPULATION ( ! SUBJECT1 BO? AS MEANS & AS ULTIMATE 5D4 .<#i#d.> ,9 ! ,R5AULT FACTORIES1 ! P]C5TAGE ( 0MON?LY SAL>I$ WORK]S0 W5T FROM #f4#e ( ! TOTAL 9 #aiai TO #a#a4#g 9 #a#i#c1 #a#g4#h 9 #a#i#c#g1 & #b4#b 9 ,JANU>Y #ai$ 7,T\RA9E1 ,L',EVOLUTION1 PP #a#f#d-#f#e74 ,ON ! DEVELOPM5T ( (FICES 9 ,AM]ICAN 9DU/RY1 SEE ,C4 ,WRI 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#f71 PP4 #f#e-#g4 .<#i#e.> ,9 ?IS REG>D1 ! ANALYSIS ( ! ATTITUDE ( !SE /RATA1 AS FURNI%$ BY ,C4 ,WRI1 HAS ! FOLL[+ %ORTCOM+S3.<#a.> ,IT MIXES DISP>ATE CATEGORIES ( 0:ITE-COLL> PROLET>IANS0 :OSE SITUATIONS & \TLOOKS DIFF] FUNDAM5TALLY2 &.<#b.> IT DOES NOT TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! DYNAMIC ( !IR SITUATION4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 ILLUSIONS AB\T 0/ATUS0 WILL NOT \TLIVE = LONG ! REAL CONDITIONS ?AT ONCE HAD N\RI%$ !M4 ,! PH5OM5ON ( ! 9DU/RIALIZATION ( (FICE WORK OBVI\SLY IS ( DECISIVE IMPORTANCE 9 ?IS REG>D4 ,CF4 ,R4 ,B]?I]'S EXCELL5T ANALYSIS1 0,UNE ,EXP]I5CE D'ORGANIZATION \VRI]E10 9 #e4 \ ,B41 #b 7,DECEMB] #a#i#e#f71 PP4 #f FF4 .<#i#f.> ,AT AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T LEVEL1 ?IS PH5OM5ON ( 0DUPLICAT+0 ! BUREAUCRATIC /RUCTURE ?AT BLANKETS ALL ( SOCIETY ) A MORE EXCLUSIVE MANAG+ ORGAN1 ! ,P>TY 7:I* UNSUCCESSFULLY TRIES TO BE ! AU?ORITATIVE SEAT ( REUNIFICATION & !REBY ALSO T5DS TO R5D] ! ,/ATE'S 5TIRE BUREAUCRATIC APP>ATUS USELESS7 HAS BE5 BR\T+ (F FROM ! SPEE*ES ( ! ,TW5TIE? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,C,P,S,U4 ,SEE1 9 #e4 \ ,B41 #ai 7,JULY #a#i#e#f71 HIS >TICLE 0,LE ,TOTALIT>ISME SANS ,/AL9E10 9 P>TICUL> PP4 #de FF4 .4 ,LET US ADD ?AT 9 DUPLICAT+ ! /RUCTURE ( ! ,/ATE BUREAUCRACY1 ! ,P>TY IS OBLIG$ TO REPRODUCE IT )9 ITS [N RANKS1 CREAT+ SPECIALIZ$ COMMISSIONS1 ETC4 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 ?IS IS NO SOLUTION TO ! PROBLEM1 BY NE> OR BY F>4 .<#i#g.> ,ON ! NECESS>Y 9COMPET5CE ( MANAG]S )9 ! PRES5T SY/EM1 SEE ,C4 ,WRIY LEAD]S1 & ! F9AL *APT] ( ! BOOK4 .<#i#h.> ,SEE ! >TICLES BY ,ROMANO1 ,VIVI]1 & ,MO! ALREADY CIT$4 ,NOT+ ! RELATIVELY SMALL NUMB] ( 0SUGGE/IONS0 FROM WORK]S ?AT >E AIM$ AT IMPROV+ PRODUCTION1 ,T\RA9E WRITES3 0,H[ IS ?IS RELATIVE FAILURE TO BE EXPLA9$8 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE BY REMEMBRANCE ( ! PA/4 ,! WORK]1 US$ TO SEE+ HIS SUGGE/IONS & HIS 9ITIATIVES TURN$ BACK AGA9/ HIM :5 ! TIME-/UDY M5 >E CALL$ 91 AB&ONS HIS =M] MI/RU/ ONLY SL[LY0 7,L',EVOLULION1 P4 #a#b#a74 0,TO AB&ON SL[LY0 IS A EUPHEMISM3 ,! FIGURES CIT$ BY ,T\RA9E REF] TO ! P]IOD #a#i#d#e-#d#g4 ,:AT HAS HAPP5$ S9CE !N HAS NOT PROMPT$ ! WORK]S TO AB&ON !IR MI/RU/4 ,QUITE ! CONTR>Y4 .<#i#i.> ,! TYPES1 =MULAS1 & NAMES = 0WAGES BAS$ ON \TPUT0 >E 9NUM]ABLE4 ,BUT AS F> AS WE >E CONC]N$ H]E1 ONLY ! G5]AL MEAN+ . ( !SE =MULAS MATT]S3 ,! WORK]'S WAGE IS1 )9 AMPLE LIMITS1 A FUNCTION ( ! QUANTITY ( PRODUCTION PROVID$4 .<#a.> ,ONE ( ! WORK]S 9 ! %OP :]E ,ROY WORK$ SAID TO HIM1 0,DON'T Y\ KN[ ?AT IF ,I TURN$ 9 @s#a4#e AN H\R ON !SE PUMP BODIES TONITM5T W\LD BE D[N H]E TOMORR[6 ,& !Y'D RETIME ?IS JOB SO QUICK IT W\LD MAKE Y\R HEAD SWIM6 ,& :5 !Y'D RETIME IT1 !Y'D CUT ! PRICE 9 HALF80 .<#a#a.> ,ROY1 9 HIS >TICLES CIT$ E>LI]4 .<#a#b.> ,ROY DESCRIBES AT L5G? AN EPIC /RUGGLE 9 SU* A CASE BETWE5 ! F\R BE/ WORK]S 9 ! %OP & ! TIME-/UDY M51 A /RUGGLE ?AT LA/$ N9E MON?S & ONLY CAME TO AN 5D :5 ! WORK]S WON4 ,?IS \TCOME MAKES ONE ?9K -- JU/ AS ,MO!'S REM>KS 70,L',US9E10 PP4 #i#a-#i#b7 DO -- ?AT ! GREAT MAJORITY ( JOBS >E 0/9K]S0 AT ! \TSET & ?AT IT IS ! WORK]S' /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! TIME ALLOTM5TS ?AT PROGRESSIVELY TRANS=MS !M 9TO 0GRAVY JOBS40 .<#a#c.> ,?IS ?IRD OPTION1 V]Y LIKELY APPLI$ AS SOON AS ! CONDITIONS = IT >E GIV51 CORRESPONDS EXACTLY TO ! CONCEPT ( 0MAXIMIZATION ( PR(ITS 9 ! LONG RUN0 REC5TLY DISCOV]$ BY B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S AS ! PR9CIPLE ?AT \ ,LET US RECALL ?AT ! /OMA* ULC] IS ! OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS ( ! =EMAN4 _<#a_> ,?IS TEXT -- ( :I* ! FIR/ P>T1 A SORT ( PROGRAMMATIC 9TRODUCTION1 WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,JULY #aiee 9 ,S4 \ ,B41 NO4 #a#g1 & :OSE SECOND P>T WAS DEVOT$ TO A DISCUSSION ( ! PROBLEMS ( A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY1 9 ISSUE NO4 #bb 7,JULY #a#i#e#g7 -- CONT9U$ ) AN ANALYSIS ( ! PROLET>IAT'S POLITICAL /RUGGLES1 A CRITIQUE ( ! OV]ALL ORGANIZATION ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 & AN ANALYSIS ( ! CRISIS ( CONTEMPOR>Y CULTURE4 ,EV5TS 7,MAY #a#i#e#h1 ! SCISSION )9 ! ,S4 \ ,B4 GR\P7 9T]RUPT$ ITS ELABORATION & PUBLICATION4 ,P>TS ( ! FIR/ DRAFT HAVE BE5 US$ 9 ! WRIT+ ( ,P,O ,I1 ,M,R,C,M_/,M,C,R1 & ,M,T,R_/,M,R,T4 .<,T_/,E3 ,! FIR/ TWO TEXTS >E 9CLUD$ 9 ?IS VOLUME2 ! ?IRD IS TO BE F\ND 9 ,I,I,S4.> ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,NOTES -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/