,ON ,SPONTANEITY & ,ORGANISATION 

#aige 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,RIMANTE ,PAULAUSKAITE1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,9TRODUCTION 

,!RE CAN BE FEW WORDS MORE MISUS$ 9 POLITICS ?AN ! WORD 'SPONTANEITY4' ,IT IS (T5 US$ TO D5OTE SOME?+ :I* SEEMS TO HAPP5 )\T OBVI\S CAUSE1 )\T APP>5TLY BE+ ! RESULT ( PREVI\S PREP>ATION4 ,9 ! S5SE ( 'AN EFFECT )\T A CAUSE' !RE IS PROBABLY NO SU* ?+ AS 'SPONTANEITY' -- EI!R 9 POLITICS OR LIFE4 ,HUMAN BEHAVIOR IS ALWAYS 9FLU5C$ BY PREVI\S EXP]I5CE4 ,IF A P]SON IS NOT CONSCI\SLY AW>E ( :Y HE IS ACT+ 9 A P>TICUL> WAY1 ?IS DOES NOT AT ALL MEAN ?AT !RE >E NO CAUSES = :AT HE IS DO+4 ,IT ONLY MEANS ?AT ! CAUSES ELUDE HIM4 

,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 DOES NOT USE ! WORD 'SPONTANEITY' 9 ?IS CRUDE & UNREFLECT+ WAY4 ,IT IS IMPORTANT TO /RESS ?IS SEMANTIC PO9T 9 ?IS %ORT 9TRODUCTION TO HIS ESSAY 7FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 ',LIB]ATION' MAGAZ9E E>LY 9 #a#i#g#b74 ,9 ,BOOK*9'S [N WORDS ',SPONTANEITY IS NOT M]E IMPULSE' 444 ,IT DOES NOT IMPLY 'UNDELIB]AT$ BEHAVIOR & FEEL+'4 ',SPONTANEITY IS BEHAVIOR1 FEEL+ & ?\<T ?AT IS FREE ( EXT]NAL CON/RA9T1 ( IMPOS$ RE/RICTION'4 ,IT IS 'NOT AN UNCONTROLL$ EFFLUVIUM ( PASSION & ACTION'4 ',9S(> AS ! 9DIVIDUAL REMOVES ! FETT]S ( DOM9ATION ?AT HAVE /IFL$ H] OR HIS SELF-ACTIVITY1 %E OR HE IS ACT+1 FEEL+ & ?9K+ SPONTANE\SLY'4 

,BOOK*9 H]E USES ! WORD 'SPONTANEITY' AS WE W\LD USE ! WORD 'AUTONOMY'4 ,LIT]ALLY SPEAK+ AUTONOM\S MEANS ':I* MAKES ITS [N LAWS' & !RE=E1 BY IMPLICATION ':I* ACTS 9 ITS [N 9T]E/S'4 ,) ! ADVOCACY ( SPONTANEITY1 UND]/OOD 9 ?IS S5SE1 WE HAVE NO SIGNIFICANT DISAGREEM5T ) ,BOOK*94 ,\R [N VIEWS ON ?IS MATT] >E \TL9$ 9 GREAT] DETAIL 9 \R ,DISCUSSION ,BULLET9 ',SOLID>ITY & ! ,NEO-,N>ODNIKS' 7#aP "4 PO/AGE74 

,FULL AUTONOMY HAS BO? ORGANIZATIONAL & IDEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS4 ,BOOK*9 DEALS ) BO? 9 SOME DEP?4 ,HE PO9TS \T ?AT 'SPONTANEITY DOES NOT PRECLUDE ORGANIZATION & /RUCTURE'1 !REBY NAIL+ A V]Y WIDESPREAD L59I/ DI/ORTION ( ! LIB]T>IAN CASE4.<#a.> ,BOOK*9 /RESSES ?AT SPONTANEITY1 9 ! S5SE 9 :I* HE USES ! T]M 'ORD9>ILY YIELDS NON-HI]>*ICAL =MS ( ORGANIZATION'4 

,WE W\LD GO P]HAPS FUR!R1 & /RESS ?AT NO COLLECTIVE AUTONOMY IS MEAN+FUL :I* DOES NOT HAVE ORGANIZATIONAL REP]CUSSIONS4 ,AUTONOM\S ACTIVITY & LIFE -- :E!R 9 ! REALM ( PRACTICE OR 9 ! REALM ( IDEAS -- IS IMPOSSIBLE 9 HI]>*ICALLY-/RUCTUR$ ORGANIZATION4 ,AS ,BOOK*9 PO9TS \T '! TRAG$Y ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T IS ?AT IT OPPOSES ORGANIZATION TO SPONTANEITY & TRIES TO ASSIMILATE ! SOCIAL PROCESS TO POLITICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL 9/RUM5TALISM'4 

,! MA9 IMPACT ( ,BOOK*9'S ESSAY IS H[EV] ON ! NE$ = IDEOLOGICAL AUTONOMY1 = BREAK+ ALL ! 9TELLECTUAL FETT]S ( ! PA/1 = SWEEP+ ! COBWEBS AWAY ?AT /ILL CLUTT] SO MU* ( ! ?9K+ ( ! LEFT4 ,HIS GREATE/ 9SI<T IS HIS /ATEM5T ( ! NE$ TO ELIM9ATE DOM9ATION 9 ALL ITS =MS1 NOT M]ELY MAT]IAL EXPLOITATION4 

,HE /RESSES '! WIDESPREAD ]OSION ( AU?ORITY AS SU* -- 9 ! FAMILY1 9 ! S*OOLS1 9 VOCATIONAL & PR(ESSIONAL >EAS1 9 ! ,*UR*1 9 ! ,>MY1 9DE$ 9 VIRTUALLY EV]Y 9/ITUTION ?AT SUPPORTS HI]>*ICAL P[] & EV]Y RELATION%IP ?AT IS M>K$ BY DOM9ATION'4 ,HE TAKES ! :OLE DISCUSSION 9TO >EAS L>GELY AVOID$ BY ! LEFT1 & IS NOT SC>$ ( *ALL5G+ MANY ( !IR MO/ FUNDAM5TAL ASSUMPTIONS4 ,9 ?IS HIS [N WRIT+ IS A V9DICATION ( HIS BELIEF 9 A CREATIVE1 CONSCI\S & COH]5T SPONTANEITY4 ',CONSCI\SNESS'1 HE TELLS US1 'HAS ITS [N HI/ORY )9 ! MAT]IAL WORLD1 & 9CREAS+LY GA9S SWAY OV] ! C\RSE ( MAT]IAL REALITY4 ,HUMANITY IS CAPABLE ( TRANSC5D+ ! REALM ( BL9D NECESSITY1 IT IS CAPABLE ( GIV+ NATURE & SOCIETY RATIONAL DIRECTION & PURPOSE'4 

,IF ! MASS ( ! POPULATION IS TO BECOME ! CREATIVE SUBJECT ( HI/ORY -- & NOT JU/ AN 9]T OBJECT COMPELL$ TO DO C]TA9 ?+S BECAUSE ( ! CONDITIONS ( ITS EXI/5CE -- ?IS K9D ( MESSAGE MU/ BE TAK5 S]I\SLY & ITS IMPLICATIONS ?\<T \T4 ,= ALL ?OSE :O1 :ATEV] !IR AGE1 >E NOT SUFF]+ FROM A H>D5+ ( ! CATEGORIES1 ,BOOK*9'S VIEWS >E AN IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION TO AN ON-GO+ DEBATE4 

',SOLID>ITY' 7,LONDON71 ,DECEMB] #a#i#g#e4.<#b.> 

,ON ,SPONTANEITY & ,ORGANIZATION 

,?IS >TICLE ELABORAT$ A WORK ,I READ AT ! ,TELOS ,CONF]5CE ON ,ORGANIZATION AT ,BUFFALO1 ,NEW ,YORK1 ON #ba ,NOVEMB] #a#i#g#a4 ,SPACE LIMITATIONS DO NOT MAKE IT POSSIBLE = ME TO DEAL CONCRETELY ) MY VIEW ?AT WE HAVE ALREADY DEVELOP$ ! TE*NOLOGICAL BASES = A PO/-SC>CITY SOCIETY OR DESCRIBE 9 GREAT] DETAIL ! TYPE ( ORGANIZATION ?AT ,I ?9K IS APPROPRIATE TO \R TIME4 ,= A MORE COMPREH5SIVE DISCUSSION ( !SE ISSUES1 ,I W\LD REF] ! READ] TO MY BOOK ,PO/-,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM 7,B]KELEY3 ,RAMP>TS ,BOOKS1 #a#i#g#a71 ESPECIALLY ! ESSAY ',T[>D A ,LIB]ATORY ,TE*NOLOGY' & ! ',DISCUSSION ON 0,LI/51 ,M>XI/0'4 

#a 

,IT IS SUPREMELY IRONIC ?AT ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 F> FROM BE+ 9 ! 'VANGU>D' ( CURR5T SOCIAL & CULTURAL DEVELOPM5TS1 L+]S BEH9D !M 9 ALMO/ EV]Y DETAIL4 ,?IS MOVEM5T'S %ALL[ COMPREH5SION ( ! C\NT]CULTURE1 ITS ANEMIC 9T]PRETATION ( WOM5'S LIB]ATION1 ITS 9DIFF]5CE TO ECOLOGY1 & ITS IGNORANCE EV5 ( NEW CURR5TS ?AT >E DRIFT+ ?R\< ! FACTORIES 7P>TICUL>LY AMONG Y\NG WORK]S7 SEEM ALL ! MORE GROTESQUE :5 JUXTAPOS$ ) ITS SIMPLI/IC 'CLASS ANALYSIS'1 ITS PROCLIVITY = HI]>*ICAL ORGANIZATION1 & ITS RITUALI/IC 9VOCATION ( '/RATEGIES' & 'TACTICS' ?AT W]E 9ADEQUATE A G5]ATION AGO4 

,CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIALISM HAS %[N ONLY ! MO/ LIMIT$ AW>5ESS ?AT PEOPLE BY ! MILLIONS >E SL[LY R$EF9+ ! V]Y MEAN+ ( FRE$OM4 ,!Y >E CON/ITUTIVELY 5L>G+ !IR IMAGE ( HUMAN LIB]ATION TO DIM5SIONS ?AT W\LD HAVE SEEM$ HOPELESSLY VISION>Y 9 PA/ ]AS4 ,9 EV]-GR[+ NUMB]S !Y S5SE ?AT SOCIETY HAS DEVELOP$ A TE*NOLOGY ?AT C\LD COMPLETELY ABOLI% MAT]IAL SC>CITY & R$UCE TOIL TO A NE> VANI%+ PO9T4 ,FAC$ ) ! POSSIBILITIES ( A CLASSLESS PO/-SC>CITY SOCIETY & ) ! MEAN+LESSNESS ( HI]>*ICAL RELATIONS1 !Y >E 9TUITIVELY TRY+ TO DEAL ) ! PROBLEMS ( COMMUNISM1 NOT SOCIALISM4.<#c.> ,!Y >E 9TUITIVELY TRY+ TO ELIM9ATE DOM9ATION 9 ALL ITS =MS1 NOT M]ELY MAT]IAL EXPLOITATION4 ,H5CE ! WIDESPREAD ]OSION ( AU?ORITY AS SU* -- 9 ! FAMILY1 9 ! S*OOLS1 9 VOCATIONAL & PR(ESSIONAL >EAS1 9 ! *UR*1 9 ! >MY1 9DE$1 9 VIRTUALLY EV]Y 9/ITUTION ?AT SUPPORTS HI]>*ICAL P[] & EV]Y NUCLE> RELATION%IP ?AT IS M>K$ BY DOM9ATION4 ,H5CE1 TOO1 ! 9T5SELY P]SONAL NATURE ( ! REBELLION ?AT IS P]COLAT+ ?R\< SOCIETY1 ITS HI<LY SUBJECTIVE1 EXI/5TIAL & CULTURAL QUALITIES4 ,! REBELLION AFFECTS EV]YDAY LIFE EV5 BE=E IT VISIBLY AFFECTS ! BROAD] ASPECTS ( SOCIAL LIFE & IT UND]M9ES ! CONCRETE LOYALTIES ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO ! SY/EM BE=E IT VITIATES ! SY/EM'S AB/RACT POLITICAL & MORAL V]ITIES4 

,TO !SE DEEP-SEAT$ LIB]ATORY CURR5TS1 SO RI* 9 EXI/5TIAL CONT5T1 ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T CONT9UES TO OPPOSE ! CON/RICTIVE =MULAS ( A P>TICUL>I/IC 'WORK+ CLASS' 9T]E/1 ! >*AIC NOTION ( A 'PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP'1 & ! S9I/] CONCEPT ( A C5TRALIZ$ HI]>*ICAL P>TY4 ,IF ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T IS LIFELESS TODAY1 ?IS IS BECAUSE IT HAS LO/ ALL CONTACT ) LIFE4 

#b 

,WE >E TRAVEL+ ! FULL CIRCLE ( HI/ORY4 ,WE >E TAK+ UP AGA9 ! PROBLEMS ( A NEW ORGANIC SOCIETY ON A NEW LEVEL ( HI/ORY & TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T -- AN ORGANIC SOCIETY 9 :I* ! SPLITS )9 SOCIETY1 BETWE5 SOCIETY & NATURE1 & )9 ! HUMAN PSY*E ?AT W]E CREAT$ BY ?\S&S ( YE>S ( HI]>*ICAL DEVELOPM5T CAN BE HEAL$ & TRANSC5D$4 ,HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY P]=M$ ! BANEFUL 'MIRACLE' ( TURN+ HUMAN BE+S 9TO M]E 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION1 9TO OBJECTS ON A P> ) TOOLS & MA*9ES1 !REBY DEF9+ !IR V]Y HUMANITY BY !IR USUFRUCT 9 A UNIV]SAL SY/EM ( SC>CITY1 ( DOM9ATION &1 UND] CAPITALISM1 ( COMMODITY EX*ANGE4 ,EV5 E>LI]1 BE=E ! DOM9ATION ( MAN BY MAN1 HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY BR\<T WOMAN 9TO UNIV]SAL SUBJUGATION TO MAN1 OP5+ A REALM ( DOM9ATION = ITS [N SAKE1 ( DOM9ATION 9 ITS MO/ REIFI$ =M4 ,DOM9ATION1 C>RI$ 9TO ! DEP?S ( P]SONALITY1 HAS TURN$ US 9TO ! BE>]S ( AN >*AIC1 MILL5NIA-LONG LEGACY ?AT FA%IONS ! LANGUAGE1 ! GE/URES1 9DE$1 ! V]Y PO/URE WE EMPLOY 9 EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,ALL ! PA/ REVOLUTIONS HAVE BE5 TOO 'OLYMPIAN' TO AFFECTS !SE 9TIMATE & O/5SIBLY MUNDANE ASPECTS ( LIFE1 H5CE ! IDEOLOGICAL NATURE ( !IR PR(ESS$ GOALS ( FRE$OM & ! N>R[NESS ( !IR LIB]ATORY VISION4 

,BY CONTRA/1 ! GOAL ( ! NEW DEVELOPM5T T[>DS COMMUNISM IS ! A*IEVEM5T ( A SOCIETY BAS$ ON SELF-MANAGEM5T 9 :I* EA* 9DIVIDUAL P>TICIPATES FULLY1 DIRECTLY1 & 9 COMPLETE EQUALITY 9 ! UNM$IAT$ MANAGEM5T ( ! COLLECTIVITY4 ,VIEW$ FROM ! ASPECTS ( ITS CONCRETE HUMAN SIDE1 SU* A COLLECTIVITY CAN BE NO?+ LESS ?AN ! FULFILLM5T ( ! LIB]AT$ SELF1 ( ! FREE SUBJECT DIVE/$ ( ALL ITS '?+IFICATIONS'1 ( ! SELF ?AT CAN CONCRETIZE ! MANAGEM5T ( ! COLLECTIVITY AS AN AU!NTIC MODE ( SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,! 5ORM\S ADVANCE SCOR$ BY ! C\NT]CULTURAL MOVEM5T OV] ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T IS ATTE/$ PRECISELY BY A P]SONALISM ?AT SEES 9 IMP]SONAL GOALS1 EV5 9 ! PROPRIETIES ( LANGUAGE1 GE/URE1 BEHAVIOR & DRESS1 ! P]PETUATION ( DOM9ATION 9 ITS MO/ 9SIDI\S UNCONSCI\S =MS4 ,H[EV] M>R$ IT MAY BE BY ! G5]AL UNFRE$OM ?AT SURR\NDS IT1 ! C\NT]CULTURAL MOVEM5T HAS ?US CONCRETELY R$EF9$ ! N[ 9NOCU\S WORD 'REVOLUTION' 9 A TRULY REVOLUTION>Y MANN]1 AS A PRACTICE ?AT SUBV]TS APOCRYPHAL AB/RACTIONS & !ORIES4 

,TO ID5TIFY ! CLAIMS ( ! EM]G+ SELF ) 'B\RGEOIS 9DIVIDUALISM' IS A GROTESQUE DI/ORTION ( ! MO/ FUNDAM5TAL EXI/5TIAL GOALS ( LIB]ATION4 ,CAPITALISM DOES NOT PRODUCE 9DIVIDUALS2 IT PRODUCES ATOMIZ$ EGOI/S4 ,TO DI/ORT ! CLAIMS ( ! EM]G+ SELF = A SOCIETY BAS$ ON SELF-MANAGEM5T & TO R$UCE ! CLAIMS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SUBJECT TO AN ECONOMI/IC NOTION ( 'FRE$OM' IS TO SEEK ! 'CRUDE COMMUNISM' ?AT ! Y\NG ,M>X SO CORRECTLY SCORN$ 9 ! #ahdd MANUSCRIPTS4 ,! CLAIM ( ! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S TO A SOCIETY BAS$ ON SELF-MANAGEM5T ASS]TS ! RI<T ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL TO ACQUIRE CONTROL OV] H] OR HIS EV]YDAY LIFE1 TO MAKE EA* DAY AS JOY\S & M>VEL\S AS POSSIBLE4 ,! ABROGATION ( ?IS CLAIM BY ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T 9 ! AB/RACT 9T]E/S ( ',SOCIETY'1 ( ',HI/ORY'1 ( ! ',PROLET>IAT'1 & MORE TYPICALLY ( ! ',P>TY'1 ASSIMILATES & FO/]S ! B\RGEOIS ANTI!SIS BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! COLLECTIVITY 9 ! 9T]E/S ( BUREAUCRATIC MANIPULATION1 ! R5UNCIATION ( DESIRE1 & ! SUBS]VI5CE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! COLLECTIVITY TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,/ATE4 

#c 

,!RE CAN BE NO SOCIETY BAS$ ON SELF-MANAGEM5T )\T SELF-ACTIVITY4 ,9DE$1 REVOLUTION IS SELF-ACTIVITY 9 ITS MO/ ADVANC$ =M3 DIRECT ACTION C>RI$ TO ! PO9T :]E ! /REETS1 ! L&1 & ! FACTORIES >E APPROPRIAT$ BY ! AUTONOM\S PEOPLE4 ,UNTIL ?IS ORD] ( CONSCI\SNESS IS ATTA9$1 CONSCI\SNESS AT LEA/ ON ! SOCIAL LEVEL REMA9S MASS CONSCI\SNESS1 ! OBJECT ( MANIPULATION BY ELITES4 ,IF = ?IS REASON ALONE1 AU!NTIC REVOLUTION>IES MU/ AFFIRM ?AT ! MO/ ADVANC$ =M ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS IS SELF-CONSCI\SNESS3 ! 9DIVIDUATION ( ! 'MASSES' 9TO CONSCI\S BE+S :O CAN TAKE DIRECT1 UNM$IAT$ CONTROL ( SOCIETY & ( !IR [N LIVES4 ,IF ONLY = ?IS REASON1 TOO1 AU!NTIC REVOLUTION>IES MU/ AFFIRM ?AT ! ONLY REAL 'SEIZURE ( P[]' BY ! 'MASSES' IS ! DISSOLUTION ( P[]3 ! P[] ( HUMAN OV] HUMAN1 ( T[N OV] C\NTRY1 ( /ATE OV] COMMUNITY1 & ( M9D OV] S5SU\SNESS4 

#d 

,IT IS 9 ! LI<T ( !SE DEM&S = A SOCIETY BAS$ ON SELF-MANAGEM5T1 A*IEV$ ?R\< SELF-ACTIVITY & N\RI%$ BY SELF-CONSCI\SNESS1 ?AT WE MU/ EXAM9E ! RELATION%IP ( SPONTANEITY TO ORGANIZATION4 ,IMPLICIT 9 EV]Y CLAIM ?AT ! 'MASSES' REQUIRE ! 'LEAD]%IP' ( 'VANGU>DS' IS ! CONVICTION ?AT REVOLUTION IS MORE A PROBLEM ( '/RATEGY' & 'TACTICS' ?AN A SOCIAL PROCESS2.<#d.> ?AT ! 'MASSES' CANNOT CREATE !IR [N LIB]ATORY 9/ITUTIONS BUT MU/ RELY ON A /ATE P[] -- A 'PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP' -- TO ORGANIZE SOCIETY & UPROOT C\NT]REVOLUTION4 ,EV]Y ONE ( !SE NOTIONS IS BELI$ BY HI/ORY1 EV5 BY ! P>TICUL>I/IC REVOLUTIONS ?AT REPLAC$ ! RULE ( ONE CLASS BY ANO!R4 ,:E!R ONE TURNS TO ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ( TWO C5TURIES AGO1 TO ! UPRIS+S ( #a#h#d#h1 TO ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 TO ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS ( #aie & ,M>* #a#i#a#g1 TO ! ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#a#h1 TO ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ( #aicd & #a#i#c#f1 OR ! ,HUNG>IAN ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#e#f1 ONE F9DS A SOCIAL PROCESS1 SOMETIMES HI<LY PROTRACT$1 ?AT CULM9AT$ 9 ! OV]?R[ ( E/ABLI%$ 9/ITUTIONS )\T ! GUIDANCE ( 'VANGU>D' P>TIES 79DE$1 :]E !SE P>TIES EXI/$ !Y USUALLY LAGG$ BEH9D ! EV5TS74 ,ONE F9DS ?AT ! 'MASSES' =M$ !IR [N LIB]ATORY 9/ITUTIONS1 BE !SE ! ,P>ISIAN SECTIONS ( #a#g#i#c-#a#g#i#d1 ! CLUBS & MILITIAS ( #ahdh & #a#h#g#a1 OR ! FACTORY COMMITTEES1 WORK]S' C\NCILS1 POPUL> ASSEMBLIES1 & ACTION COMMITTEES ( LAT] UPHEAVALS4 

,IT W\LD BE A CRUDE SIMPLIFICATION ( !SE EV5TS TO CLAIM ?AT C\NT]REVOLUTION RE>$ ITS HEAD & TRIUMPH$ :]E IT DID M]ELY BECAUSE ! 'MASSES' W]E 9CAPABLE ( SELF-COORD9ATION & LACK$ ! 'LEAD]%IP' ( A WELL-DISCIPL9$ C5TRALIZ$ P>TY4 ,WE COME H]E TO ONE ( ! MO/ VEX+ PROBLEMS 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS1 A PROBLEM ?AT HAS NEV] BE5 ADEQUATELY UND]/OOD BY ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,?AT COORD9ATION WAS EI!R ABS5T OR FAIL$ -- 9DE$1 ?AT EFFECTIVE C\NT]REVOLUTION WAS EV5 POSSIBLE -- RAISES A MORE FUNDAM5TAL ISSUE ?AN ! M]E PROBLEM ( 'TE*NICAL ADM9I/RATION'4 ,:]E ADVANC$1 ESS5TIALLY PREMATURE REVOLUTIONS FAIL$1 ?IS WAS PRIM>ILY BECAUSE ! REVOLUTIONS HAD NO MAT]IAL BASIS = CONSOLIDAT+ ! G5]AL 9T]E/ ( SOCIETY TO :I* ! MO/ RADICAL ELEM5TS /AK$ \T AN HI/ORIC CLAIM4 ,BE ! CRY ( ?IS G5]AL 9T]E/ ',LIB]TY1 ,EQUALITY1 ,FRAT]NITY' OR ',LIFE1 ,LIB]TY1 & ! ,PURSUIT ( ,HAPP9ESS'1 ! H>% FACT REMA9S ?AT ! TE*NOLOGICAL PREMISES DID NOT EXI/ = ! CONSOLIDATION ( ?IS G5]AL 9T]E/ 9 ! =M ( A H>MONIZ$ SOCIETY4 ,?AT ! G5]AL 9T]E/ DIVID$ AGA9 DUR+ ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS 9TO ANTAGONI/IC P>TICUL> 9T]E/S -- ?AT IT L$ FROM ! EUPHORIA ( 'RECONCILIATION' 7AS WITNESS ! GREAT NATIONAL FETES ?AT FOLL[$ ! FALL ( ! ,BA/ILLE7 TO ! NI<TM>E ( CLASS W>1 T]ROR1 & C\NT]REVOLUTION -- MU/ BE EXPLA9$ PRIM>ILY BY ! MAT]IAL LIMITS ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T1 NOT BY TE*NICAL PROBLEMS ( POLITICAL COORD9ATION4 

,! GREAT B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS SUCCE$$ SOCIALLY EV5 :]E !Y SEEM$ TO FAIL 'TE*NICALLY' 7I4E4 TO LOSE P[] TO ! RADICAL 'DAYDREAM+ T]RORI/S'7 BECAUSE !Y W]E FULLY ADEQUATE TO !IR TIME4 ,NEI!R ! >MY NOR ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ABSOLUTI/ SOCIETY C\LD )/& !IR BL[S4 ,9 !IR BEG9N+S1 AT LEA/1 !SE REVOLUTIONS APPE>$ AS ! EXPRESSION ( ! 'G5]AL WILL'1 UNIT+ VIRTUALLY ALL SOCIAL CLASSES AGA9/ ! >I/OCRACIES & MON>*IES ( !IR DAY1 & EV5 DIVID+ ! >I/OCRACY AGA9/ ITSELF4 ,BY CONTRA/1 ALL 'PROLET>IAN REVOLUTIONS' HAVE FAIL$ BECAUSE ! TE*NOLOGICAL PREMISES W]E 9ADEQUATE = ! MAT]IAL CONSOLIDATION ( A 'G5]AL WILL'1 ! ONLY BASIS ON :I* ! DOM9AT$ CAN F9ALLY ELIM9ATE DOM9ATION4 ,?US ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION FAIL$ SOCIALLY EV5 ?\< IT SEEM$ TO SUCCE$ 'TE*NICALLY' -- ALL ,L59I/1 ,TROTSKYI/ & ,/AL9I/ MY?S TO ! CONTR>Y NOT)/&+ -- & ! SAME IS TRUE = ! 'SOCIALI/ REVOLUTIONS' ( ,ASIA & ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,:5 ! 'PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION' & ITS TIME >E ADEQUATE TO EA* O!R -- & PRECISELY BECAUSE !Y >E ADEQUATE TO EA* O!R -- ! REVOLUTION WILL NO LONG] BE 'PROLET>IAN'1 ! WORK ( ! P>TICUL>IZ$ CREATURES ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 ( ITS WORK E?IC1 ITS FACTORY DISCIPL9E1 ITS 9DU/RIAL HI]>*Y1 & ITS VALUES4 ,! REVOLUTION WILL BE A PEOPLE'S REVOLUTION 9 ! AU!NTIC S5SE ( ! WORD4.<#e.> 

#e 

,IT IS NOT = WANT ( ORGANIZATION ?AT ! PA/ REVOLUTIONS ( RADICAL ELEM5TS ULTIMATELY FAIL$ BUT RA!R BECAUSE ALL PRIOR SOCIETIES W]E ORGANIZ$ SY/EMS ( WANT4 ,9 \R [N TIME1 9 ! ]A ( ! F9AL1 G5]ALIZ$ REVOLUTION1 ! G5]AL 9T]E/ ( SOCIETY CAN BE TANGIBLY & IMM$IATELY CONSOLIDAT$ BY A PO/-SC>CITY TE*NOLOGY 9TO MAT]IAL ABUNDANCE = ALL1 EV5 BY ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( TOIL AS AN UND]LY+ FEATURE ( ! HUMAN CONDITION4 ,) ! LEV] ( AN UNPREC$5T$ MAT]IAL ABUNDANCE1 ! REVOLUTION CAN REMOVE ! MO/ FUNDAM5TAL PREMISES ( C\NT]REVOLUTION -- ! SC>CITY ?AT N\RI%ES PRIVILEGE & ! RATIONALE = DOM9ATION4 ,NO LONG] NE$ ANY SECTOR ( SOCIETY 'TREMBLE' AT ! PROSPECT ( A COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION1 & ?IS %\LD BE MADE EVID5T TO ALL :O >E 9 ! LEA/ PREP>$ TO LI/54.<#f.> 

,9 TIME1 ! FRAMEWORK OP5$ BY !SE QUALITATIVELY NEW POSSIBILITIES WILL LEAD TO A REM>KABLE SIMPLIFICATION ( ! HI/ORIC 'SOCIAL QUE/ION'4 ,AS ,JOSEPH ,WEB] OBS]V$ 9 ,! ,GREAT ,UTOPIA1 ?IS REVOLUTION -- ! MO/ UNIV]SAL & TOTALI/IC TO OCCUR -- WILL APPE> AS ! 'NEXT PRACTICAL /EP'1 AS ! IMM$IATE PRAXIS 9VOLV$ 9 SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION4 ,&1 9 FACT1 /EP BY /EP ! C\NT]CULTURE HAS BE5 TAK+ UP1 NOT ONLY SUBJECTIVELY BUT ALSO 9 !IR MO/ CONCRETE & PRACTICAL =MS1 AN IMM5SE HO/ ( ISSUES ?AT BE> DIRECTLY ON ! UTOPIAN FUTURE ( HUMANITY1 ISSUES ?AT JU/ A G5]ATION AGO C\LD BE POS$ 7IF !Y W]E POS$ AT ALL7 ONLY AS ! MO/ ESOT]IC PROBLEMS ( !ORY4 ,TO REVIEW !SE ISSUES & TO REFLECT UPON ! DIZZY+ RAPIDITY ) :I* !Y EM]G$ 9 LESS ?AN A DECADE IS SIMPLY /AGG]+1 9DE$ UNPREC$5T$ 9 HI/ORY4 ,ONLY ! PR9CIPAL ONES NE$ BE CIT$3 ! AUTONOMY ( ! SELF & ! RI<T TO SELF-REALIZATION2 ! EVOLUTION ( LOVE1 S5SUALITY1 & ! UNFETT]$ EXPRESSION ( ! BODY2 ! SPONTANE\S EXPRESSION ( FEEL+2 ! DE-ALI5ATION ( RELATIONS BETWE5 PEOPLE2 ! =MATION ( COMMUNITIES & COMMUNES2 ! FREE ACCESS ( ALL TO ! MEANS ( LIFE2 ! REJECTION ( ! PLA/IC COMMODITY WORLD & ITS C>E]S2 ! PRACTICE ( MUTUAL AID2 ! ACQUISITION ( SKILLS & C\NT]TE*NOLOGIES2 A NEW REV]5CE = LIFE & = ! BALANCE ( NATURE2 ! REPLACEM5T ( ! WORK E?IC BY MEAN+FUL WORK & ! CLAIMS ( PLEASURE2 9DE$1 A PRACTICAL R$EF9ITION ( FRE$OM ?AT A ,F\RI]1 A ,M>X1 OR A ,BAKUN9 R>ELY APPROXIMAT$ 9 ! REALM ( ?\<T4 

,! PO9T TO BE /RESS$ IS ?AT WE >E WITNESS+ A NEW ,5LI<T5M5T 7MORE SWEEP+ EV5 ?AN ! HALF-C5TURY ( 5LI<T5M5T ?AT PREC$$ ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION7 ?AT IS SL[LY *ALL5G+ NOT ONLY ! AU?ORITY ( E/ABLI%$ 9/ITUTIONS & VALUES BUT AU?ORITY AS SU*4 ,P]COLAT+ D[NW>D FROM ! 9TELLIG5TSIA1 ! MIDDLE CLASSES1 & Y\? G5]ALLY TO ALL /RATA ( SOCIETY1 ?IS 5LI<T5M5T IS SL[LY UND]M9+ ! PATRI>*AL FAMILY1 ! S*OOL AS AN ORGANIZ$ SY/EM ( REPRESSIVE SOCIALIZATION1 ! 9/ITUTIONS ( /ATE1 & ! FACTORY HI]>*Y4 ,IT IS ]OD+ ! WORK E?IC1 ! SANCTITY ( PROP]TY1 & ! FABRIC ( GUILT & R5UNCIATION ?AT 9T]NALLY D5IES TO EA* 9DIVIDUAL ! RI<T TO ! FULL REALIZATION ( H] OR HIS POT5TIALITIES & PLEASURES4 ,9DE$1 NO LONG] IS IT M]ELY CAPITALISM ?AT /&S 9 ! DOCK ( HI/ORY1 BUT ! CUMULATIVE LEGACY ( DOM9ATION ?AT HAS POLIC$ ! 9DIVIDUAL FROM )9 = ?\S&S ( YE>S1 ! '>*ETYPES' ( DOM9ATION1 AS IT W]E1 ?AT COMPROMISE ! ,/ATE ) \R UNCONSCI\S LIVES4 

,! 5ORM\S DIFFICULTY ?AT >ISES 9 UND]/&+ ?IS ,5LI<T5M5T IS ITS 9VISIBILITY TO CONV5TIONAL ANALYZES4 ,! NEW ,5LI<T5M5T IS NOT SIMPLY *ANG+ CONSCI\SNESS1 A *ANGE ?AT IS (T5 QUITE SUP]FICIAL 9 ! ABS5CE ( O!R *ANGES4 ,! USUAL *ANGES ( CONSCI\SNESS ?AT M>K$ E>LI] P]IODS ( RADICALIZATION C\LD BE C>RI$ QUITE LI<TLY1 AS M]E !ORIES1 OP9IONS1 OR A C]EBRAL PUNDITRY ?AT WAS (T5 COM=TABLY DIS*>G$ \TSIDE ! FL[ ( EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! NEW ,5LI<T5M5T1 H[EV]1 IS ?AT IT IS ALT]+ ! UNCONSCI\S APP>ATUS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL EV5 BE=E IT CAN BE >TICULAT$ CONSCI\SLY AS A SOCIAL !ORY OR A COMMITM5T TO POLITICAL CONVICTIONS4 

,VIEW$ FROM ! /&PO9T ( A TYPICALLY SOCIALI/ ANALYSIS -- AN ANALYSIS ?AT FOCUSES ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY ON 'CONSCI\SNESS' & IS ALMO/ COMPLETELY LACK+ 9 PSY*OLOGICAL 9SI<TS -- ! NEW ,5LI<T5M5T SEEMS TO YIELD ONLY ! MO/ MEAG] 'POLITICAL' RESULTS4 ,EVID5TLY1 ! C\NT]CULTURE HAS PRODUC$ NO 'MASS' RADICAL P>TY & NO VISIBLE 'POLITICAL' *ANGE4 ,VIEW$ FROM ! /&PO9T ( A COMMUNI/ ANALYSIS1 H[EV] -- AN ANALYSIS ?AT DEALS ) ! UNCONSCI\S LEGACY ( DOM9ATION -- ! NEW ,5LI<T5M5T IS SL[LY DISSOLV+ ! 9DIVIDUAL'S OB$I5CE TO 9/ITUTIONS1 AU?ORITIES & VALUES ?AT HAVE VITIAT$ EV]Y /RUGGLE = FRE$OM4 ,!SE PR(\ND *ANGES T5D TO OCCUR ALMO/ UNKN[+LY1 AS = EXAMPLE AMONG WORK]S :O1 9 ! CONCRETE DOMA9 ( EV]YDAY LIFE1 5GAGE 9 SABOTAGE1 WORK 9DIFF]5TLY1 PRACTICE ALMO/ SY/EMATIC ABS5TEEISM1 RESI/ AU?ORITY 9 ALMO/ EV]Y =M1 USE DRUGS1 ACQUIRE V>I\S FREAK TRAITS -- & YET1 9 ! AB/RACT DOMA9 ( POLITICS & SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY1 ACCLAIM ! MO/ CONV5TIONAL HOMILIES ( ! SY/EM4 ,! EXPLOSIVE *>ACT] ( REVOLUTION1 ITS SUDD5NESS & UTT] UNPR$ICTABILITY1 CAN BE EXPLA9$ ONLY AS ! ]UPTION ( !SE UNCONSCI\S *ANGES 9TO CONSCI\SNESS1 AS A RELEASE ( ! T5SION BETWE5 UNCONSCI\S DESIRES & CONSCI\SLY HELD VIEWS 9 ! =M ( AN \TRI<T CONFRONTATION ) ! EXI/+ ORD]4 ,! ]OSION ( ! UNCONSCI\S RE/RICTIONS ON !SE DESIRES & ! FULL EXPRESSION ( ! DESIRES ?AT LIE 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL UNCONSCI\S IS A PRECONDITION = ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A LIB]ATORY SOCIETY4 ,!RE IS A S5SE 9 :I* WE CAN SAY ?AT ! ATTEMPT TO *ANGE CONSCI\SNESS IS A /RUGGLE = ! UNCONSCI\S1 BO? 9 T]MS ( ! FETT] ?AT RE/RA9 DESIRE & ! DESIRES ?AT >E FETT]$4 

#f 

,TODAY IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( :E!R SPONTANEITY IS 'GOOD' OR 'BAD'1 'DESIRABLE' OR 'UNDESIRABLE'4 ,SPONTANEITY IS 9TEGRALLY P>T ( ! V]Y DIALECTIC ( SELF-CONSCI\SNESS & SELF-DE-ALI5ATION ?AT REMOVES ! SUBJECTIVE FETT]S E/ABLI%$ BY ! PRES5T ORD]4 ,TO D5Y ! VALIDITY ( SPONTANEITY IS TO D5Y ! MO/ LIB]ATORY DIALECTIC ?AT IS OCCURR+ TODAY2 AS SU*1 = US IT MU/ BE A GIV5 ?AT EXI/S 9 ITS [N RI<T4 

,! T]M %\LD BE DEF9$ LE/ ITS CONT5T DISAPPE> 9 SEMANTIC QUIBBL+4 ,SPONTANEITY IS NOT M]E IMPULSE1 C]TA9LY NOT 9 ITS MO/ ADVANC$ & TRULY HUMAN =M1 & ?IS IS ! ONLY =M ?AT IS WOR? DISCUSS+4 ,NOR DOES SPONTANEITY IMPLY UNDELIB]AT$ BEHAVIOR & FEEL+4 ,SPONTANEITY IS BEHAVIOR1 FEEL+ & ?\<T ?AT IS FREE ( EXT]NAL CON/RA9T1 ( IMPOS$ RE/RICTION4 ,IT IS SELF-CONTROLL$1 9T]NALLY CONTROLL$1 BEHAVIOR1 FEEL+1 & ?\<T1 NOT AN UNCONTROLL$ EFFLUVIUM ( PASSION & ACTION4 ,FROM ! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ VIEWPO9T1 SPONTANEITY IMPLIES A CAPACITY 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL TO IMPOSE SELF-DISCIPL9E & TO =MULATE S\ND GUIDEL9ES = SOCIAL ACTION4 ,9S(> AS ! 9DIVIDUAL REMOVES ! FETT]S ( DOM9ATION ?AT HAVE /IFL$ H] OR HIS SELF-ACTIVITY1 %E OR HE IS ACT+1 FEEL+1 & ?9K+ SPONTANE\SLY4 ,WE MI<T JU/ AS WELL ELIM9ATE ! WORD 'SELF' FROM 'SELF-CONSCI\SNESS'1 'SELF-ACTIVITY' & 'SELF-MANAGEM5T' AS REMOVE ! CONCEPT ( SPONTANEITY FROM \R COMPREH5SION ( ! NEW ,5LI<T5M5T1 REVOLUTION & COMMUNISM4 ,IF !RE IS AN IMP]ATIVE NE$ = A COMMUNI/ CONSCI\SNESS 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T TODAY1 WE CAN NEV] HOPE TO ATTA9 IT )\T SPONTANEITY4 

,SPONTANEITY DOES NOT PRECLUDE ORGANIZATION & /RUCTURE4 ,TO ! CONTR>Y1 SPONTANEITY ORD9>ILY YIELDS NON-HI]>*ICAL =MS ( ORGANIZATION1 =MS ?AT >E TRULY ORGANIC1 SELF-CREAT$1 & BAS$ ON VOLUNT>ISM4 ,! ONLY S]I\S QUE/ION ?AT IS RAIS$ 9 CONNECTION ) SPONTANEITY IS :]E IT IS 9=M$ OR NOT4 ,AS ,I HAVE >GU$ ELSE:]E1 ! SPONTANEITY ( A *ILD 9 A LIB]ATORY SOCIETY WILL NOT BE ( ! SAME ORD] AS ! SPONTANEITY ( A Y\?1 OR ?AT ( A Y\? ( ! SAME ORD] AS ?AT ( AN ADULT2 EA* WILL SIMPLY BE MORE 9=M$1 MORE KN[L$GEABLE1 & MORE EXP]I5C$ ?AN ITS JUNIOR4.<#g.> ,REVOLUTION>IES MAY SEE TODAY TO PROMOTE ?IS 9=MATIVE PROCESS1 BUT IF !Y TRY TO CONTA9 OR DE/ROY IT BY =M+ HI]>*ICAL MOVEM5TS1 !Y WILL VITIATE ! V]Y PROCESS ( SELF-REALIZATION ?AT WILL YIELD SELF-ACTIVITY & A SOCIETY BAS$ ON SELF-MANAGEM5T4 

,NO LESS S]I\S = ANY REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T IS ! FACT ?AT ONLY IF A REVOLUTION IS SPONTANE\S CAN WE BE REASONABLY C]TA9 ?AT ! 'NECESS>Y CONDITION' = REVOLUTION HAS MATUR$1 AS IT W]E1 9TO ! 'SUFFICI5T CONDITION'4 ,AN UPRIS+ PLANN$ BY AN ELITE IS ALMO/ C]TA9 TODAY TO LEAD TO DISA/]4 ,! /ATE P[] WE FACE IS TOO =MIDABLE1 ITS >MAM5TORIUM IS TOO DE/RUCTIVE1 &1 IF ITS /RUCTURE IS /ILL 9TACT1 ITS EFFICI5CY IS TOO COMPELL+ TO BE REMOV$ BY A CONTE/ 9 :I* WEAPONRY IS ! DET]M9+ FACTOR4 ,! SY/EM MU/ FALL1 NOT FI<T2 & IT WILL FALL ONLY :5 ITS 9/ITUTIONS HAVE BE5 SO HOLL[$ \T BY ! NEW ,5LI<T5M5T1 & ITS P[] SO UND]M9$ PHYSICALLY & MORALLY1 ?AT AN 9SURRECTION>Y CONFRONTATION WILL BE MORE SYMBOLIC ?AN REAL4 ,EXACTLY :5 OR H[ ?IS 'MAGIC MOM5T'1 SO *>ACT]I/IC ( REVOLUTION1 WILL OCCUR IS UNPR$ICTABLE4 BUT1 = EXAMPLE1 :5 A LOCAL /RIKE1 ORD9>ILY IGNOR$ UND] 'NORMAL' CIRCUM/ANCES1 CAN IGNITE A REVOLUTION>Y G5]AL /RIKE1 !N WE WILL KN[ ?AT ! CONDITIONS HAVE RIP5$ -- & ?IS CAN OCCUR ONLY :5 ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS HAS BE5 P]MITT$ TO F9D ITS [N LEVEL ( REVOLUTION>Y CONFRONTATION4.<#h.> 

#g 

,IF IT IS TRUE ?AT REVOLUTION TODAY IS AN ACT ( CONSCI\SNESS 9 ! BROADE/ S5SE & 5TAILS A DEMY/IFICATION ( REALITY ?AT REMOVES ALL ITS IDEOLOGICAL TRAPP+S1 IT IS NOT 5\< TO SAY ?AT 'CONSCI\SNESS FOLL[S BE+'4 ,TO DEAL ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( CONSCI\SNESS M]ELY AS ! REFLECTION ( SUBJECTIVITY ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( MAT]IAL PRODUCTION1 TO SAY AS ! OLD] ,M>X DOES ?AT MORALITY1 RELIGION & PHILOSOPHY >E ! 'IDEOLOGICAL REFLEXES & E*OES' ( ACTUALITY & 'HAVE NO HI/ORY & NO DEVELOPM5T' ( !IR [N1 IS TO PLACE ! =MATION ( IDEOLOGY & !REBY TO D5Y ?IS CONSCI\SNESS ANY AU!NTIC BASIS = TRANSC5D+ ! WORLD AS IT IS GIV54.<#i.> ,H]E1 COMMUNI/ CONSCI\SNESS ITSELF BECOMES AN 'E*O' ( ACTUALITY4 ,! ':Y' 9 ! EXPLANATION ( ?IS CONSCI\SNESS IS R$UC$ TO ! 'H['1 9 TYPICAL 9/RUM5TALI/ FA%ION2 ! SUBJECTIVE ELEM5TS 9VOLV$ 9 ! TRANS=MATION ( CONSCI\SNESS BECOME COMPLETELY OBJECTIFI$4 ,SUBJECTIVITY CEASES TO BE A DOMA9 = ITSELF1 H5CE ! FAILURE ( ,M>XISM TO =MULATE A REVOLUTION>Y PSY*OLOGY ( ITS [N & ! 9ABILITY ( ! ,M>XI/S TO COMPREH5D ! NEW ,5LI<T5M5T ?AT IS TRANS=M+ SUBJECTIVITY 9 ALL ITS DIM5SIONS4 

,CLASSICAL WE/]N PHILOSOPHY 9 ITS BROAD1 ALBEIT (T5 MY/IFI$1 NOTION ( 'SPIRIT'1 RECOGNIZ$ ?AT REASON 9CREAS+LY 'SUBSUMES' ! MAT]IAL WORLD -- OR1 /AT$ 9 A MORE 'MAT]IALI/IC' S5SE1 ?AT MATT] BECOMES RATIONAL & REASON =MS ITS [N 'CORTEX'1 AS IT W]E1 OV] NATURAL & SOCIAL HI/ORY4 ,REASON IS ULTIMATELY NATURE & SOCIETY R5D]$ CONSCI\S4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 IT IS 9SUFFICI5T TO SAY ?AT 'CONSCI\SNESS FOLL[S BE+'1 BUT RA!R ?AT BE+ DEVELOPS T[>DS CONSCI\SNESS2 ?AT CONSCI\SNESS HAS ITS [N HI/ORY )9 ! MAT]IAL WORLD & 9CREAS+LY GA9S SWAY OV] ! C\RSE ( MAT]IAL REALITY4 ,HUMANITY IS CAPABLE ( TRANSC5D+ ! REALM ( BL9D NECESSITY2 IT IS CAPABLE ( GIV+ NATURE & SOCIETY RATIONAL DIRECTION & PURPOSE4 

,?IS L>G] 9T]PRETATION ( ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 CONSCI\SNESS & BE+ IS NOT A REMOTE PHILOSOPHICAL AB/RACTION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS EM95TLY PRACTICAL4 ,FOLL[$ TO ITS LOGICAL CONCLUSION1 ?IS 9T]PRETATION REQUIRES A FUNDAM5TAL REVISION ( ! TRADITIONAL NOTION ( REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI\SNESS AS CLASS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,IF ! PROLET>IAT1 = EXAMPLE1 IS CONCEIV$ ( M]ELY AS ! PRODUCT ( ITS CONCRETE BE+ -- AS ! OBJECT ( EXPLOITATION BY ! B\RGEOISIE & A CREATURE ( ! FACTORY SY/EM -- IT IS R$UC$ 9 ITS V]Y ESS5CE TO A CATEGORY ( POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,M>X LEAVES US 9 NO D\BT AB\T ?IS CONCEPTION4 ,AS ! CLASS ?AT IS MO/ COMPLETELY DEHUMANIZ$1 ! PROLET>IAT TRANSC5DS ITS DEHUMANIZ$ CONDITION & COMES TO EMBODY ! HUMAN TOTALITY '?R\< URG5T1 NO LONG] DISGUISABLE1 ABSOLUTELY IMP]ATIVE NE$444'4 ,ACCORD+LY3 ',! QUE/ION IS NOT :AT ?IS OR ?AT PROLET>IAN1 OR EV5 ! :OLE PROLET>IAT AT ! MOM5T CONSID]S AS ITS AIMS4 ,! QUE/ION IS :AT ! PROLET>IAT IS1 & :AT1 CONSEQU5T ON ?AT BE+1 IT WILL BE COMPELL$ TO DO4' 7,! EMPHASIS ?R\<\T IS ,M>X'S & PROVIDES A TELL+ COMM5T>Y ON ! DE-SUBJECTIFICATION ( ! PROLET>IAT47 ,I WILL LEAVE ASIDE ! RATIONALE ?AT ?IS =MULA PROVIDES = AN ELITI/ ORGANIZATION4 ,= ! PRES5T1 IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE ?AT ,M>X1 FOLL[+ 9 ! TRADITION ( CLASSICAL B\RGEOIS POLITICAL ECONOMY1 TOTALLY OBJECTIFIES ! PROLET>IAT & REMOVES IT AS A TRUE SUBJECT4 ,! REVOLT ( ! PROLET>IAT1 EV5 ITS HUMANIZATION1 CEASES TO BE A HUMAN PH5OM5ON2 RA!R1 IT BECOMES A FUNCTION ( 9EXORABLE ECONOMIC LAWS & 'IMP]ATIVE NE$'4 ,! ESS5CE ( ! PROLET>IAT AS PROLET>IAT IS ITS NON-HUMANITY1 ITS CREATURE NATURE AS ! PRODUCT ( 'ABSOLUTELY IMP]ATIVE NE$'4 ,ITS SUBJECTIVITY FALLS )9 ! CATEGORY ( H>% NECESSITY1 EXPLICABLE 9 T]MS ( ECONOMIC LAW4 ,! PSY*OLOGY ( ! PROLET>IAT1 9 EFFECT1 IS POLITICAL ECONOMY4 

,! REAL PROLET>IAT RESI/S ?IS R$UCTION ( ITS SUBJECTIVITY TO ! PRODUCT ( NE$ & LIVES 9CREAS+LY )9 ! REALM ( DESIRE1 ( POSSIBILITY4 ,AS SU*1 IT BECOMES 9CREAS+LY RATIONAL 9 ! CLASSICAL1 NOT ! 9/RUM5TALI/1 S5SE ( ! T]M4 ,CONCRETELY1 ! WORK] RESI/S ! WORK E?IC BECAUSE IT HAS BECOME IRRATIONAL 9 VIEW ( ! POSSIBILITIES = A NON-HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY4 ,! WORK]1 9 ?IS S5SE1 TRANSC5DS H] OR HIS CREATURE NATURE & 9CREAS+LY BECOMES A SUBJECT1 NOT AN OBJECT2 A NON-PROLET>IAN1 NOT A PROLET>IAN4 ,DESIRE1 NOT M]ELY NE$1 POSSIBILITY1 NOT M]ELY NECESSITY1 5T] 9TO H] OR HIS SELF-=MATION & SELF-ACTIVITY4 ,! WORK] BEG9S TO %$ H] OR HIS /ATUS ( WORK]NESS1 H] OR HIS EXI/5CE AS A M]E CLASS BE+1 AS AN OBJECT ( ECONOMIC =CES1 AS M]E 'BE+'1 & BECOMES 9CREAS+LY AVAILABLE TO ! NEW ,5LI<T5M5T4 

,AS ! HUMAN ESS5CE ( ! PROLET>IAT BEG9S TO REPLACE ITS FACTORY ESS5CE1 ! WORK] CAN N[ BE REA*$ AS EASILY \TSIDE ! FACTORY AS 9 IT4 ,CONCRETELY1 ! WORK]'S ASPECT AS A WOMAN OR MAN1 AS A P>5T1 AS AN URBAN DWELL]1 AS A Y\?1 AS A VICTIM ( 5VIRONM5TAL DECAY1 AS A DREAM] 7! LI/ IS NE>LY 5DLESS71 COMES 9CREAS+LY TO ! =EGR\ND4 ,! FACTORY WALLS BECOME P]MEABLE TO ! C\NT]-CULTURE TO A DEGREE :]E IT BEG9S TO COMPETE ) ! WORK]'S 'PROLET>IAN' CONC]NS & VALUES4 

,NO 'WORK]S' GR\P' CAN BECOME TRULY REVOLUTION>Y UNLESS IT DEALS ) ! 9DIVIDUAL WORK]'S HUMAN ASPIRATIONS1 UNLESS IT HELPS TO DE-ALI5ATE ! WORK]'S P]SONAL MILIEU & BEG9S TO TRANSC5D ! WORK]'S FACTORY MILIEU4 ,! WORK+ CLASS BECOMES REVOLUTION>Y NOT 9 SPITE ( ITSELF BUT BECAUSE ( ITSELF1 LIT]ALLY AS A RESULT ( ITS AWAK5+ SELFHOOD4.<#a.> 

#h 

,REVOLUTION>IES HAVE ! RESPONSIBILITY ( HELP+ O!RS BECOME REVOLUTION>IES1 NOT ( 'MAK+' REVOLUTIONS4 ,& ?IS ACTIVITY ONLY BEG9S :5 ! 9DIVIDUAL REVOLUTION>Y UND]TAKES TO REMAKE H]SELF OR HIMSELF4 ,OBVI\SLY1 SU* A TASK CANNOT BE UND]TAK5 9 A P]SONAL VACUUM2 IT PRESUPPOSES EXI/5TIAL RELATIONS ) O!RS ( A LIKE K9D :O >E LOV+ & MUTUALLY SUPPORTIVE4 ,?IS CONCEPTION ( REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION =MS ! BASIS ( ! AN>*I/ AFF9ITY GR\P4 ,MEMB]S ( AN AFF9ITY GR\P CONCEIVE ( !MSELVES AS SI/]S & BRO!RS :OSE ACTIVITIES & /RUCTURES >E1 9 ,JOSEF ,WEB]'S WORDS1 'TRANSP>5T TO ALL'4 ,SU* GR\PS FUNCTION AS CATALY/S 9 SOCIAL SITUATIONS1 NOT AS ELITES2 !Y SEEK TO ADVANCE ! CONSCI\SNESS & /RUGGLES ( ! L>G] COMMUNITIES 9 :I* !Y FUNCTION1 NOT ASSUME POSITIONS ( COMM&4 

,TRADITIONALLY1 REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY HAS BE5 P]MEAT$ BY ! MOTIFS ( 'SUFF]+'1 'D5IAL' & 'SACRIFICE'1 MOTIFS ?AT L>GELY REFLECT$ ! GUILT ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T'S 9TELLECTUAL CADRES4 ,IRONICALLY1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT !SE MOTIFS /ILL EXI/1 !Y REFLECT ! V]Y ANTI-HUMAN ASPECTS ( ! E/ABLI%$ ORD] ?AT ! 'MASSES' SEEK TO ABOLI%4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 7IF SU* IT CAN BE CALL$ TODAY7 ?US T5DS1 EV5 MORE ?AN IDEOLOGY1 TO 'E*O' ! PREVAIL+ ACTUALITY -- WORSE1 TO CONDITION ! 'MASSES' TO SUFF]+1 SACRIFICE & D5IAL AT ITS [N H&S & ! AFT]MA? ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,AS AGA9/ ?IS LATT]-DAY V]SION ( 'REPUBLICAN VIRTUE'1 ! AN>*I/ AFF9ITY GR\PS AFFIRM NOT ONLY ! RATIONAL BUT ! JOY\S1 ! S5SU\S & ! ES!TIC SIDE ( REVOLUTION4 ,!Y AFFIRM ?AT REVOLUTION IS NOT ONLY AN ASSAULT ON ! E/ABLI%$ ORD] BUT ALSO A FE/IVAL 9 ! /REETS4 ,! REVOLUTION IS DESIRE C>RI$ 9TO ! SOCIAL T]RA9 & UNIV]SALIZ$4 ,IT IS NOT )\T GRAVE RISKS1 TRAG$IES1 & PA91 BUT !SE >E ! RISKS1 TRAG$IES & PA9 ( BIR? & NEW LIFE1 NOT ( CONTRITION & DEA?4 ,! AFF9ITY GR\PS AFFIRM ?AT ONLY A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ?AT HOLDS ?IS \TLOOK CAN CREATE ! SO-CALL$ 'REVOLUTION>Y PROPAG&A' TO :I* ! NEW POPUL> S5SIBILITY CAN RESPOND -- A 'PROPAG&A' ?AT IS >T 9 ! S5SE ( A ,DAUMI]1 A ,JOHN ,MILTON1 & A ,JOHN ,L5NON4 ,9DE$1 TRU? TODAY CAN EXI/ ONLY AS >T & >T ONLY AS TRU?4.<#a#a.> 

,! DEVELOPM5T ( A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9VOLVES ! SE$+ ( ,AM]ICA ) SU* AFF9ITY GR\PS1 ) COMMUNES & COLLECTIVES -- 9 CITIES1 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE1 9 S*OOLS & 9 FACTORIES4 ,!SE GR\PS W\LD BE 9TIMATE1 DEC5TRALIZ$ BODIES ?AT W\LD DEAL ) ALL FACETS ( LIFE & EXP]I5CES4 ,EA* GR\P W\LD BE HI<LY EXP]IM5TAL1 9NOVATIVE & ORI5T$ T[>D *ANGES 9 LIFE-/YLE AS WELL AS CONSCI\SNESS2 EA* W\LD BE SO CON/ITUT$ ?AT IT C\LD READILY DISSOLVE 9TO ! REVOLUTION>Y 9/ITUTIONS CREAT$ BY ! PEOPLE & DISAPPE> AS A SEP>ATE SOCIAL 9T]E/4 ,F9ALLY1 EA* W\LD TRY TO REFLECT AS BE/ IT C\LD ! LIB]AT$ =MS ( ! FUTURE1 NOT ! GIV5 WORLD ?AT IS REFLECT$ BY ! TRADITIONAL 'LEFT'4 ,EA*1 9 EFFECT1 W\LD CON/ITUTE ITSELF AS AN 5]GY C5T] = TRANS=M+ SOCIETY & = COLONIZ+ ! PRES5T BY ! FUTURE4 

,SU* GR\PS C\LD 9T]L9K1 F$]ATE & E/ABLI% COMMUNICATION ON A REGIONAL & NATIONAL LEVEL AS ! NE$ >ISES )\T SURR5D]+ !IR AUTONOMY & UNIQU5ESS4 ,!Y W\LD BE ORGANIC GR\PS ?AT EM]G$ \T ( LIV+ PROBLEMS & DESIRES1 NOT >TIFICIAL GR\PS ?AT >E FOI/$ ON SOCIAL SITUATIONS BY ELITES4 ,NOR W\LD !Y TOL]ATE AN ORGANIZATION ( CADRES :OSE SOLE NEXUS IS 'PROGRAMMATIC AGREEM5T' & OB$I5CE TO FUNCTION>IES & HI<] BODIES4 

,WE MAY WELL ASK IF A 'MASS ORGANIZATION' CAN BE A REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION 9 A P]IOD ?AT IS NOT YET RIPE = A COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION8 ,! CONTRADICTION BECOMES SELF-EVID5T ONCE WE C\PLE ! WORD 'MASS' ) 'COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION'4.<#a#b.> ,TO BE SURE1 MASS MOVEM5TS HAVE BE5 BUILT 9 ! NAME ( SOCIALISM & COMMUNISM DUR+ NON-REVOLUTION>Y P]IODS1 BUT !Y HAVE A*IEV$ MASS PROPORTIONS ONLY BY D5ATUR+ ! CONCEPTS ( SOCIALISM1 COMMUNISM & REVOLUTION4 ,WORSE1 !Y NOT ONLY BETRAY !IR PR(ESS$ IDEALS BY D5ATUR+ !M1 BUT !Y ALSO BECOME OB/ACLES 9 ! WAY ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,F> FROM %AP+ ! DE/9Y ( SOCIETY1 !Y BECOME ! CREATURES ( ! V]Y SOCIETY !Y PR(ESS TO OPPOSE4 

,! TEMPTATION TO BRIDGE ! GAP BETWE5 ! GIV5 SOCIETY & ! FUTURE IS 9H]5TLY TREA*]\S4 ,REVOLUTION IS A RUPTURE NOT ONLY ) ! E/ABLI%$ SOCIAL ORD] BUT ) ! PSY*E & M5TALITY IT BRE$S4 ,WORK]S1 /UD5TS1 F>M]S1 9TELLECTUALS1 9DE$ ALL POT5TIALLY REVOLUTION>Y /RATA LIT]ALLY BREAK ) !MSELVES :5 !Y 5T] 9TO REVOLUTION>Y MOTION1 NOT ONLY ) ! AB/RACT IDEOLOGY ( ! SOCIETY4 ,& UNTIL !Y MAKE ?IS BREAK1 !Y >E NOT REVOLUTION>IES4 ,A SELF-/YL$ 'REVOLUTION>Y' MOVEM5T ?AT ATTEMPTS TO ASSIMILATE !SE /RATA ) 'TRANSITIONAL PROGRAMS' & ! LIKE WILL ACQUIRE !IR SUPPORT & P>TICIPATION = ! WRONG REASONS4 ,! MOVEM5T1 9 TURN1 WILL BE %AP$ BY ! PEOPLE IT HAS VA9LY TRI$ TO ASSIMILATE1 NOT ! PEOPLE BY ! MOVEM5T4 ,GRANT$ ?AT ! NUMB] ( PEOPLE :O >E REVOLUTION>Y TODAY IS M9USCULE1 GRANT$1 FUR!RMORE1 ?AT ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE TODAY IS OCCUPI$ ) ! PROBLEMS ( SURVIVAL1 NOT ( LIFE4 ,BUT IT IS PRECISELY ?IS PREOCCUPATION ) ! PROBLEMS ( SURVIVAL1 & ! VALUES AS WELL AS NE$S ?AT PROMOTE IT1 ?AT PREV5TS !M FROM TURN+ TO ! PROBLEMS ( LIFE -- & !N TO REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 ,! RUPTURE ) ! EXI/+ ORD] WILL BE MADE ONLY :5 ! PROBLEMS ( LIFE 9FILTRATE & ASSIMILATE ! PROBLEMS ( SURVIVAL -- :5 LIFE IS UND]/OOD AS A PRECONDITION = SURVIVAL TODAY -- NOT BY REJECT+ ! PROBLEM ( LIFE 9 ORD] TO TAKE UP ! PROBLEMS ( SURVIVAL1 I4E4 TO A*IEVE A 'MASS' ORGANIZATION MADE UP ONLY ( 'MASSES'4 

,REVOLUTION IS A MAGIC MOM5T NOT ONLY BECAUSE IT IS UNPR$ICTABLE2 IT IS A MAGIC MOM5T BECAUSE IT CAN ALSO PRECIPITATE 9TO CONSCI\SNESS )9 WEEKS1 EV5 DAYS1 A DISLOYALTY ?AT LIES DEEPLY HIDD5 9 ! UNCONSCI\S4 ,BUT REVOLUTION MU/ BE SE5 AS MORE ?AN JU/ A 'MOM5T'2 IT IS A COMPLEX DIALECTIC EV5 )9 ITS [N FRAMEWORK4 ,A MAJORIT>IAN REVOLUTION DOES NOT MEAN ?AT ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION MU/ NECESS>ILY GO 9TO REVOLUTION>Y MOTION ALL AT ! SAME TIME4 ,9ITIALLY1 ! PEOPLE 9 MOTION MAY BE A M9ORITY ( ! POPULATION -- A SUB/ANTIAL1 POPUL>1 SPONTANE\S M9ORITY1 TO BE SURE1 NOT A SMALL1 'WELL-DISCIPL9$'1 C5TRALIZ$ & MOBILIZ$ ELITE4 ,! CONS5T ( ! MAJORITY MAY REVEAL ITSELF SIMPLY 9 ! FACT ?AT IT WILL NO LONG] DEF5D ! E/ABLI%$ ORD]4 ,IT MAY 'ACT' BY REFUS+ TO ACT 9 SUPPORT ( ! RUL+ 9/ITUTIONS -- A 'WAIT & SEE' ATTITUDE TO DET]M9E IF1 BY D5Y+ ! RUL+ CLASS ITS LOYALTY1 ! RUL+ CLASS IS R5D]$ P[]LESS4 ,ONLY AFT] ! TE/+ ! SITUATION BY ITS PASSIVITY MAY IT PASS 9TO OV]T ACTIVITY -- & !N ) A RAPIDITY & ON A SCALE ?AT REMOVES 9 AN 9CR$IBLY BRIEF P]IOD 9/ITUTIONS1 RELATIONS1 ATTITUDES1 & VALUES ?AT HAVE BE5 C5TURIES 9 ! MAK+4 

#i 

,9 ,AM]ICA ANY ORGANIZ$ 'REVOLUTION>Y' MOVEM5T ?AT FUNCTIONS ) DI/ORT$ GOALS W\LD BE 9F9ITELY WORSE ?AN NO MOVEM5T AT ALL4 ,ALREADY ! 'LEFT' HAS 9FLICT$ AN APPALL+ AM\NT ( DAMAGE ON ! C\NT]-CULTURE1 ! WOM5'S LIB]ATION MOVEM5T & ! /UD5T MOVEM5T4 ,) ITS OV]BL[N PRET5SIONS1 ITS DEHUMANIZ+ BEHAVIOR1 & ITS MANIPULATORY PRACTICES1 ! 'LEFT' HAS CONTRIBUT$ 5ORM\SLY TO ! DEMORALIZATION ?AT EXI/S TODAY4 ,9DE$1 IT MAY WELL BE ?AT 9 ANY FUTURE REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION ! 'LEFT' 7P>TICUL>LY ITS AU?ORIT>IAN =MS7 WILL RAISE PROBLEMS ?AT >E MORE =MIDABLE ?AT ?OSE ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 ?AT IS IF ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS FAILS TO TRANS=M ! 'REVOLUTION>IES'4 

,& !RE IS MU* ?AT REQUIRES TRANS=M+ -- NOT ONLY 9 SOCIAL VIEWS & P]SONAL ATTITUDES1 BUT 9 ! V]Y WAY 'REVOLUTION>IES' 7ESPECIALLY MALE 'REVOLUTION>IES'7 9T]PRET EXP]I5CE4 ,! 'REVOLUTION>Y'1 NO LESS ?AN ! 'MASSES'1 EMBODIES ATTITUDES ?AT REFLECT AN 9H]5TLY DOM9E]+ \TLOOK T[>DS ! EXT]NAL WORLD4 ,! WE/]N MODE ( P]CEPTION TRADITIONALLY DEF9ES SELFHOOD 9 ANTAGONI/IC T]MS1 9 A MATRIX ( OPPOSITION BETWE5 ! OBJECTS & SUBJECTS ?AT LIE \TSIDE ! ',I'4 ,! SELF IS NOT M]ELY AN EGO ?AT IS DI/+UI%ABLE FROM ! EXT]NAL 'O!RS'1 IT IS AN EGO ?AT SEEKS TO MA/] !SE O!RS & TO BR+ !M 9TO SUBJUGATION4 ,! SUBJECT_/OBJECT RELATION DEF9ES SUBJECTIVELY AS A FUNCTION ( DOM9ATION1 ! DOM9ATION ( OBJECTS & ! R$UCTION ( O!R SUBJECTS TO OBJECTS4 ,WE/]N SELFHOOD1 C]TA9LY 9 ITS MALE =MS1 IS A SELFHOOD ( APPROPRIATION & MANIPULATION 9 ITS V]Y SELF-DEF9ITION & DEF9ITION ( RELATION%IPS4 ,?IS SELF- & RELATIONAL DEF9ITION MAY BE ACTIVE 9 SOME 9DIVIDUALS1 PASSIVE 9 O!RS1 OR REVEAL ITSELF PRECISELY 9 ! MUTUAL ASSIGNM5T ( ROLES BAS$ ON A DOM9E]+ & DOM9AT$ SELF1 BUT DOM9ATION P]MEATES ALMO/ UNIV]SALLY ! PREVAIL+ MODE ( EXP]I5C+ REALITY4 

,VIRTUALLY EV]Y /RA9 9 ,WE/]N CULTURE RE9=CES ?IS MODE ( EXP]I5C+ -- NOT ONLY ITS B\RGEOIS & ,JUDEO-,*RI/IAN /RA9S BUT ALSO ITS ,M>XIAN ONE4 ,M>X'S DEF9ITION ( ! LABOR PROCESS AS MODE ( SELF-DEF9ITION1 A NOTION HE BORR[S FROM ,HEGEL1 IS EXPLICITLY APPROPRIATIVE & LAT5TLY EXPLOITATIVE4 ,MAN =MS HIMSELF BY *ANG+ ! WORLD2 HE APPROPRIATES IT1 REFA%IONS IT ACCORD+ TO HIS 'NE$S'1 & !REBY PROJECTS1 MAT]IALIZES & V]IFIES HIMSELF 9 ! OBJECTS ( HIS [N LABOR4 ,?IS CONCEPTION ( MAN'S SELF-DEF9ITION =MS ! PO9T ( DEP>TURE = ,M>X'S 5TIRE !ORY ( HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM4 ',M5 CAN BE DI/+UI%$ FROM ANIMALS BY CONSCI\SNESS1 BY RELIGION OR ANY?+ ELSE Y\ LIKE'1 OBS]VES ,M>X 9 A FAM\S PASSAGE FROM ,! ,G]MAN ,IDEOLOGY4 ',!Y BEG9 TO DI/+UI% !MSELVES FROM ANIMALS AS SOON AS !Y BEG9 TO PRODUCE !IR MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE 444 ,AS 9DIVIDUALS EXPRESS !IR LIFE1 SO !Y >E4 ,:AT !Y >E1 !RE=E1 CO9CIDES ) !IR PRODUCTION1 BO? ) :AT !Y PRODUCE & ) H[ !Y PRODUCE4 ,! NATURE ( 9DIVIDUALS ?US DEP5DS ON ! MAT]IAL CONDITIONS DET]M9+ !IR PRODUCTION4' 

,9 ,HEGEL'S ,PH5OM5OLOGY ( ! ,SPIRIT ! !ME ( LABOR IS TAK5 UP )9 ! CONTEXT ( ! MA/]_/SLAVE RELATION%IP4 ,H]E1 ! SUBJECT BECOMES AN OBJECT 9 ! DUAL S5SE ?AT ANO!R SELF 7! SLAVE7 IS OBJECTIFI$ & CONCOMITANTLY R$UC$ TO AN 9/RUM5T ( PRODUCTION4 ,! SLAVE'S LABOR1 H[EV]1 BECOMES ! BASIS = AN AUTONOM\S CONSCI\SNESS & SELFHOOD4 ,?R\< WORK & LABOR ! 'CONSCI\SNESS ( ! SLAVE COMES TO ITSELF 444'1 ,HEGEL OBS]VES4 ',LABOR IS DESIRE RE/RA9$ & *ECK$1 EVANESC5CE DELAY$ & PO/PON$2 9 O!R WORDS1 LABOR %APES & FA%IONS ! ?+4' ,! ACTIVITY ( 'GIV+ %APE & =M' IS ! 'PURE SELF-EXI/5CE ( .<! SLAVE'S.> CONSCI\SNESS1 :I* N[ 9 ! WORK IT DOES IS EXT]NALIZ$ & PASSES 9TO ! CONDITION ( P]MAN5CE4 ,! CONSCI\SNESS ?AT TOILS & S]VES ACCORD+LY ATTA9S BY ?IS MEANS ! DIRECT APPREH5SION ( ?AT 9DEP5D5T BE+ AS ITS SELF4' 

,HEGEL TRANS=MS ! IMPRISONM5T ( LABOR 9 ! MA/]_/SLAVE RELATION%IP -- I4E4 9 ! FRAMEWORK ( DOM9ATION -- ) ! DIALECTIC ?AT FOLL[S ?IS 'MOM5T'4 ,EV5TUALLY1 ! SPLIT BETWE5 ! SUBJECT & OBJECT AS AN ANTAGONISM IS HEAL$1 AL?\< AS REASON FULFILL$ 9 ! :OL5ESS ( TRU?1 9 ! ,ABSOLUTE ,IDEA4 ,M>X DOES NOT ADVANCE BEYOND ! MOM5T ( ! MA/]_/SLAVE RELATION%IP4 ,! MOM5T IS TRANSFIX$ & DEEP5$ 9TO ! ,M>XIAN !ORY ( CLASS /RUGGLE -- 9 MY VIEW A GRAVE %ORTCOM+ ?AT D5IES CONSCI\SNESS ! HI/ORY ( AN EM]G5T DIALECTIC .<#a#c.> -- & ! SPLIT BETWE5 SUBJECT & OBJECT IS NEV] :OLLY RECONCIL$4 ,ALL 9T]PRETATIONS ( ! Y\NG ,M>X'S ',FEU]BA*IAN NATURALISM' NOT)/&+1 HUMANITY1 9 ,M>X'S VIEW1 TRANSC5DS DOM9ATION AMBIVAL5TLY1 BY DOM9AT+ NATURE4 ,NATURE IS R$UC$ TO ! 'SLAVE'1 AS IT W]E1 ( A H>MONIZ$ SOCIETY1 & ! SELF DOES NOT ANNUL ITS ,PROME!AN CONT5T4.<#a#d.> ,?US1 ! !ME ( DOM9ATION IS /ILL LAT5T 9 ,M>X'S 9T]PRETATION ( COMMUNISM2 NATURE IS /ILL ! OBJECT ( DOM9ATION4 ,SO CONCEIV$1 ! ,M>XIAN CONCEPT ( NATURE -- QUITE ASIDE FROM ! Y\NG ,M>X'S MORE AMBIVAL5T NOTIONS -- VITIATES ! RECONCILIATION ( SUBJECT & OBJECT ?AT IS TO BE A*IEV$ BY A H>MONIZ$ SOCIETY4 

,?AT 'OBJECTS' EXI/ & MU/ BE 'MANIPULAT$' IS AN OBVI\S PRECONDITION = HUMAN SURVIVAL ?AT NO SOCIETY1 H[EV] H>MONIZ$1 CAN TRANSC5D4 ,BUT :E!R 'OBJECTS' EXI/ M]ELY AS OBJECTS OR :E!R !IR 'MANIPULATION' REMA9S M]ELY MANIPULATION -- OR1 9DE$1 :E!R LABOR1 AS DI/+UI%$ FROM >T & PLAY1 CON/ITUTES ! PRIM>Y MODE ( SELF-DEF9ITION -- 9 QUITE ANO!R MATT]4 ,! KEY ISSUE >\ND :I* !SE DI/9CTIONS TURN IS DOM9ATION -- AN APPROPRIATIVE RELATION ?AT IS DEF9$ BY AN EGOTI/ICAL CONCEPTION ( NE$4.<#a#e.> ,9S(> AS ! SELF'S NE$ EXI/S EXCLUSIVELY = ITSELF1 )\T REG>D TO ! 9TEGRITY 7OR :AT ,HEGEL MI<T WELL CALL ! 'SUBJECTIVITY'7 ( ! O!R1 ! O!R REMA9S M]E OBJECT = ! SELF & ! H&L+ ( ?IS OBJECT BECOMES M]E APPROPRIATION4 ,BUT 9S(> AS ! O!R IS SE5 AS AN 5D 9 ITSELF & NE$ IS DEF9$ 9 T]MS ( MUTUAL SUPPORT1 ! SELF & ! O!R 5T] 9TO A COMPLEM5T>Y RELATION%IP4 ,?IS COMPLIM5T>Y RELATION%IP REA*ES ITS MO/ H>MONIZ$ =M 9 AU!NTIC PLAY4.<#a#f.> ,COMPLEM5T>ITY AS DI/+UI%$ FROM DOM9ATION -- EV5 FROM ! MORE B5IGN =MS ( CONTRACTUAL RELATION%IPS & MUTUAL AID DESIGNAT$ AS 'RECIPROCITY' -- PRESUPPOS$ A NEW ANIMISM ?AT RESPECTS ! O!R = ITS [N SAKE & RESPONDS ACTIVELY 9 ! =M ( A CREATIVE1 LOV+ & SUPPORTIVE SYMBIOSIS4 

,DEP5D5CE ALWAYS EXI/S4 ,H[ IT EXI/S & :Y IT EXI/S1 H[EV]1 REMA9 CRITICAL T[>DS AN UND]/&+ ( ANY DI/9CTION BETWE5 DOM9ATION & COMPLEM5T>ITY4 ,9FANTS WILL ALWAYS BE DEP5D5T UPON ADULTS = SATISFY+ !IR MO/ ELEM5TAL PHYSIOLOGICAL NE$S1 & Y\NG] PEOPLE WILL ALWAYS REQUIRE ! ASSI/ANCE ( OLD] ONES = KN[L$GE & ! ASSURANCE ( EXP]I5CE4 ,SIMIL>LY1 OLD] G5]ATIONS WILL BE DEP5D5T UPON ! Y\NG] = ! REPRODUCTION ( SOCIETY & = ! /IMULATION ?AT COMES FROM 9QUIRY & FRE% VIEWS T[>D EXP]I5CE4 ,9 HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY1 DEP5D5CE ORD9>ILY YIELDS SUBJUGATION & ! D5IAL ( ! O!R'S SELFHOOD4 ,DIFF]5CES 9 AGE1 9 SEX1 9 MODES ( WORK1 9 LEVELS ( KN[L$GE1 9 9TELLECTUAL1 >TI/IC & EMOTIONAL PROCLIVITIES1 9 PHYSICAL APPE>ANCE -- A VA/ >RAY ( DIV]SITY ?AT C\LD RESULT 9 A N\RI%+ CON/ELLATION ( 9T]-RELATION%IPS & 9T]DEP5D5CIES -- >E ALL REASSEMBL$ OBJECTIVELY 9 T]MS ( COMM& & OB$I5CE1 SUP]IORITY & 9F]IORITY1 RI<TS & DUTIES1 PRIVILEGES & D5IALS4 ,?IS HI]>*ICAL ORGANIZATION ( APPE>ANCES OCCURS NOT ONLY 9 ! SOCIAL WORLD2 IT F9DS ITS C\NT]P>T 9 ! WAY PH5OM5A1 :E!R SOCIAL1 NATURAL OR P]SONAL1 >E 9T]NALLY EXP]I5C$4 ,! SELF 9 HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY NOT ONLY LIVES1 ACTS & COMMUNICATES HI]>*ICALLY1 IT ?9KS & FEELS HI]>*ICALLY BY ORGANIZ+ ! VA/ DIV]SITY ( S5SE DATA1 MEMORY1 VALUES1 PASSIONS & ?\<TS ALONG HI]>*ICAL L9ES4 ,DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ?+S1 PEOPLE & RELATIONS DO NOT EXI/ AS 5DS 9 !MSELVES2 !Y >E ORGANIZ$ HI]>*ICALLY 9 ! M9D ITSELF & PITT$ AGA9/ EA* O!R ANTAGONI/ICALLY 9 V>Y+ DEGREES ( DOM9ANCE & OB$I5CE EV5 :5 !Y C\LD BE COMPLEM5T>Y TO EA* O!R 9 ! PREVAIL+ REALITY4 

,! \TLOOK ( ! E>LY ORGANIC HUMAN COMMUNITY1 AT LEA/ 9 ITS MO/ H>MONIZ$ =M1 REMA9$ ESS5TIALLY FREE ( HI]>*ICAL MODES ( P]CEPTION2 9DE$1 IT IS QUE/IONABLE IF HUMANITY C\LD HAVE EM]G$ FROM ANIMALITY )\T A SY/EM ( SOCIAL RECIPROCITIES ?AT COMP5SAT$ = ! PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS ( A PUNY1 ,SAVANNAH-DWELL+ PRIMATE4 ,TO A L>GE EXT5T1 ?IS E>LY NON-HI]>*ICAL \TLOOK WAS MY/IFI$2 NOT ONLY PLANTS & ANIMALS1 BUT W9D & /ONES W]E SE5 AS ANIMATE4 ,EA* WAS SE51 H[EV]1 AS ! SPIRITUALIZ$ ELEM5T ( A :OLE 9 :I* HUMANS P>TICIPAT$ AS ONE AMONG MANY1 NEI!R ABOVE NOR BEL[ ! O!RS4 ,IDEALLY1 ?IS \TLOOK WAS FUNDAM5TALLY EGALIT>IAN & REFLECT$ ! EGALIT>IAN NATURE ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,IF WE >E TO ACCEPT ,DORO?Y ,LEE'S ANALYSIS ( ,W9TU ,9DIAN SYNTAX1 DOM9ATION 9 ANY =M WAS ABS5T EV5 FROM ! LANGUAGE2 ?US1 A ,W9TU MO!R DID NOT 'TAKE' H] 9FANT 9TO ! %ADE1 %E 'W5T' ) H] *ILD 9TO ! %ADE4 ,NO HI]>*IES W]E IMPUT$ TO ! NATURAL WORLD1 AT LEA/ NOT UNTIL ! HUMAN COMMUNITY BEGAN TO BECOME HI]>*ICAL4 ,!REAFT]1 EXP]I5CE ITSELF BECAME 9CREAS+LY HI]>*ICAL1 REFLECT+ ! SPLITS ?AT UND]M9$ ! UNITY ( ! E>LY ORGANIC HUMAN COMMUNITY4 ,! EM]G5CE ( PATRI>*ALISM1 ( SOCIAL CLASSES1 ( ! T[NS & ! 5SU+ ANTAGONISM BETWE5 T[N & C\NTRYSIDE1 ( ! /ATE1 & F9ALLY ( ! DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 M5TAL & PHYSICAL LABOR ?AT DIVID$ ! 9DIVIDUAL 9T]NALLY UND]M9$ ?IS \TLOOK COMPLETELY4 

,B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 BY DEGRAD+ ALL SOCIAL TIES TO A COMMODITY NEXUS & BY R$UC+ ALL PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY TO 'PRODUCTION = ITS [N SAKE'1 C>RI$ ! HI]>*ICAL \TLOOK 9TO AN ABSOLUTE ANTAGONISM ) ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,AL?\< IT IS SURELY CORRECT TO SAY ?AT ?IS \TLOOK & ! V>I\S MODES ( LABOR ?AT PRODUC$ IT ALSO PRODUC$ 9CR$IBLE ADVANCES 9 TE*NOLOGY1 ! FACT REMA9S ?AT !SE ADVANCES W]E A*IEV$ BY BR++ ! CONFLICT BETWE5 HUMANITY & NATURE TO A PO9T :]E ! NATURAL FUNDAM5T = LIFE HANGS PREC>I\SLY 9 ! BALANCE4 ,! 9/ITUTIONS ?AT EM]G$ ) HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY1 MOREOV]1 HAVE N[ REA*$ !IR HI/ORICAL LIMITS4 ,AL?\< ONCE ! SOCIAL AG5CIES ?AT PROMOT$ TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCE1 !Y HAVE N[ BECOME ! MO/ COMPELL+ =CES = ECOLOGICAL DISEQUILIBRIUM4 ,! PATRI>*AL FAMILY1 ! CLASS SY/EM1 ! CITY & ! /ATE >E BREAK+ D[N ON !IR [N T]MS2 WORSE1 !Y >E BECOM+ ! S\RCES ( MASSIVE SOCIAL DIS9TEGRATION & CONFLICT4 ,AS ,I'VE 9DICAT$ ELSE:]E1 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION HAVE BECOME TOO =MIDABLE TO BE US$ AS MEANS ( DOM9ATION4 ,IT IS DOM9ATION ITSELF ?AT HAS TO GO1 & ) DOM9ATION ! HI/ORICAL LEGACY ?AT P]PETUATES ! HI]>*ICAL \TLOOK T[>D EXP]I5CE4 

#a 

,! EM]G5CE ( ECOLOGY AS A SOCIAL ISSUE REM9DS US ( ! EXT5T TO :I* WE >E RETURN+ AGA9 TO ! PROBLEMS ( AN ORGANIC SOCIETY1 A SOCIETY 9 :I* ! SPLITS )9 SOCIETY & BETWE5 SOCIETY & NATURE >E HEAL$4 ,IT IS BY NO MEANS ACCID5TAL ?AT ! C\NT]-CULTURE TURNS = 9SPIRATION TO ,9DIAN & ,ASIAN \TLOOKS T[>D EXP]I5CE4 ,! >*AIC MY?S1 PHILOSOPHIES1 & RELIGIONS ( A MORE UNIFI$1 ORGANIC WORLD BECOME ALIVE AGA9 ONLY BECAUSE ! ISSUES !Y FAC$ >E ALIVE AGA94 ,! TWO 5DS ( ! HI/ORIC DEVELOPM5T >E UNIT$ BY ! WORD 'COMMUNISM'3 ! FIR/1 A TE*NOLOGICALLY SOPHI/ICAT$ UTOPIA ?AT C\LD LIVE 9 REF]5CE = NATURE & BR+ ITS CONSCI\SNESS TO ! S]VICE ( LIFE4 ,MOREOV]1 ! FIR/ LIV$ 9 A SOCIAL NETWORK ( RIGIDLY DEF9$ RECIPROCITIES BAS$ ON CU/OM & COMPELL+ NE$2 ! SECOND C\LD LIVE 9 A FREE CON/ELLATION ( COMPLEM5T>Y RELATIONS BAS$ ON REASON & DESIRE4 ,BO? >E SEP>AT$ BY ! 5ORM\S DEVELOPM5T ( TE*NOLOGY1 A DEVELOPM5T ?AT OP5S ! POSSIBILITY ( A TRANSC5D5CE ( ! DOMA9 & NECESSITY4 

,?AT ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T HAS FAIL$ UTT]LY TO SEE ! IMPLICATIONS ( ! COMMUNI/ ISSUES ?AT >E N[ EM]G+ IS ATTE/$ BY ITS ATTITUDE T[>DS ECOLOGY3 AN ATTITUDE ?AT1 :5 IT IS NOT M>K$ BY PATRONIZ+ IRONY1 R>ELY RISES ABOVE PETTY MUCKRAK+4 ,I SPEAK1 H]E1 ( ECOLOGY1 NOT 5VIRONM5TALISM4 ,5VIRONM5TALISM DEALS ) ! S]VICEABILITY ( ! HUMAN HABITAT1 A PASSIVE HABITAT ?AT PEOPLE USE1 9 %ORT1 AN ASSEMBLAGE ( ?+S CALL$ 'NATURAL RES\RCES' & 'URBAN RES\RCES'4 ,TAK5 BY !MSELVES1 5VIRONM5TAL ISSUES REQUIRE ! USE ( NO GREAT] WISDOM ?AN ! 9/RUM5TALI/S MODES ( ?\<T & ME?ODS ?AT >E US$ BY CITY PLANN]S1 5G9E]S1 PHYSICIANS1 LAWY]S -- & SOCIALI/S4 ,ECOLOGY1 BY CONTRA/1 IS AN >TFUL SCI5CE OR SCI5TIFIC >T1 & AT ITS BE/ A =M ( POETRY ?AT COMB9ES SCI5CE & >T 9 A UNIQUE SYN!SIS4 .<#a#g.> ,ABOVE ALL1 IT IS AN \TLOOK ?AT 9T]PRETS ALL 9T]DEP5D5CIES 7SOCIAL & PSY*OLOGICAL AS WELL AS NATURAL7 NON-HI]>*ICALLY4 ,ECOLOGY D5IES ?AT NATURE CAN BE 9T]PRET$ FROM A HI]>*ICAL VIEWPO9T4 ,MOREOV]1 IT AFFIRMS ?AT DIV]SITY & SPONTANE\S DEVELOPM5T >E 5DS 9 !MSELVES1 TO BE RESPECT$ 9 !IR [N RI<T4 ,=MULAT$ 9 T]MS ( ECOLOGY'S 'ECOSY/EM APPROA*'1 ?IS MEANS ?AT EA* =M ( LIFE HAS A UNIQUE PLACE 9 ! BALANCE ( NATURE & ITS REMOVAL FROM ! ECOSY/EM C\LD IMP]IL ! /ABILITY ( ! :OLE4 ,! NATURAL WORLD1 LEFT L>GELY TO ITSELF1 EVOLVES BY COLONIZ+ ! PLANET ) EV] MORE DIV]SIFI$ LIFE =MS & 9CREAS+LY COMPLEX 9T]RELATION%IPS BETWE5 SPECIES 9 ! =M ( FOOD *A9S & FOOD WEBS4 ,ECOLOGY KN[S NO 'K+ ( BEA/S'2 ALL LIFE =MS HAVE !IR PLACE 9 A BIOSPH]E ?AT BECOMES MORE & MORE DIV]SIFI$ 9 ! C\RSE ( BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION4 ,EA* ECOSY/EM MU/ BE SE5 AS A UNIQUE TOTALITY ( DIV]SIFI$ LIFE =MS 9 ITS [N RI<T4 ,HUMANS1 TOO1 BELONG TO ! :OLE1 BUT ONLY AS ONE P>T ( ! :OLE4 ,!Y CAN 9T]V5E 9 ?IS TOTALITY1 EV5 TRY TO MANAGE IT CONSCI\SLY1 PROVID$ !Y DO SO 9 ITS [N BEHALF AS WELL AS SOCIETY'S2 BUT IF !Y TRY TO 'DOM9ATE' IT1 I4E41 PLUND] IT1 !Y RISK ! POSSIBILITY ( UND]M9+ IT & ! NATURAL FUNDAM5T = SOCIAL LIFE4 

,! DIALECTICAL NATURE ( ! ECOLOGICAL \TLOOK1 AN \TLOOK ?AT /RESSES DIFF]5TIATION1 9N] DEVELOPM5T & UNITY 9 DIV]SITY1 %\LD BE OBVI\S TO ANYONE :O IS FAMILI> ) ,HEGEL'S WRIT+S4 ,EV5 ! LANGUAGE ( ECOLOGY & DIALECTICAL PHILOSOPHY OV]LAP TO A REM>KABLE DEGREE4 ,IRONICALLY1 ECOLOGY MORE CLOSELY REALIZES ,M>X'S VISION ( SCI5CE AS DIALECTICS ?AN ANY O!R SCI5CE TODAY1 9CLUD+ HIS [N *]I%$ REALM ( POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,ECOLOGY C\LD BE SAID TO 5JOY ?IS UNIQUE EM95CE BECAUSE IT PROVIDES ! BASIS1 BO? SOCIALLY & BIOLOGICALLY1 = A DEVA/AT+ CRITIQUE ( HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY AS A :OLE1 :ILE ALSO PROVID+ ! GUIDEL9ES = A VIABLE1 H>MONIZ$ FUTURE UTOPIA4 ,= IT IS PRECISELY ECOLOGY ?AT VALIDATES ON SCI5TIFIC GR\NDS ! NE$ = SOCIAL DEC5TRALIZATION BAS$ ON NEW =MS ( TE*NOLOGY & NEWS MODES ( COMMUNITY1 BO? TAILOR$ >TI/ICALLY TO ! ECOSY/EM 9 :I* !Y >E LOCAT$4 ,9 FACT1 IT IS P]FECTLY VALID TO SAY ?AT ! AFF9ITY-GR\P =M & EV5 ! TRADITIONAL IDEAL ( ! R\ND$ 9DIVIDUAL C\LD BE REG>D$ AS ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS4 ,:ATEV] ! >EA TO :I* IT IS APPLI$1 ! ECOLOGICAL \TLOOK SEES UNITY 9 DIV]SITY AS A HOLI/IC DYNAMIC TOTALITY ?AT T5DS TO H>MONI\SLY 9TEGRATE ITS DIV]SE P>TS1 NOT AS AN AGGREGATE ( NEUTRALLY CO-EXI/+ ELEM5TS4 

,IT IS NOT FATUITY ALONE ?AT BLOCKS ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T'S COMPREH5SION ( ! ECOLOGICAL \TLOOK4 ,TO SPEAK BLUNTLY1 ,M>XISM IS NO LONG] ADEQUATE TO COMPREH5D ! COMMUNI/ VISION ?AT IS NOT EM]G+4 ,! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 9 TURN1 HAS ACQUIR$ & EXAGG]AT$ ! MO/ LIMIT+ FEATURES ( ,M>X'S WORKS )\T UND]/&+ ! RI* 9SI<TS !Y CONTA94 ,:AT CON/ITUTES ! MODUS OP]&I ( ?IS MOVEM5T IS NOT ,M>X'S VISION ( A HUMANITY 9TEGRAT$ 9T]NALLY & ) NATURE1 BUT ! P>TICUL>I/IC NOTIONS & ! AMBIVAL5CES ?AT M>R$ HIS VISION & ! LAT5T 9/RUM5TALISM ?AT VITIAT$ IT4 

#aa 

,HI/ORY HAS PLAY$ ITS [N CUNN+ GAME ) US4 ,IT HAS TURN$ YE/]DAY'S V]ITIES 9TO TODAY'S FALSEHOOD1 NOT BY G5]AT+ NEW REFUTATIONS BUT BY CREAT+ A NEW LEVEL ( SOCIAL POSSIBILITY4 ,WE >E BEG9N+ TO SEE ?AT !RE IS A REALM ( DOM9ATION ?AT IS BROAD] ?AN ! REALM ( MAT]IAL EXPLOITATION4 ,! TRAG$Y ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T IS ?AT1 /EEP$ 9 ! PA/1 IT USES ! ME?ODS ( DOM9ATION TO TRY TO 'LIB]ATE' US FROM MAT]IAL EXPLOITATION4 

,WE >E BEG9N+ TO SEE ?AT ! MO/ ADVANC$ =M ( CLASS CONSCI\SNESS IS SELF-CONSCI\SNESS4 ,! TRAG$Y ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T IS ?AT IT OPPOSES CLASS CONSCI\SNESS TO SELF-CONSCI\SNESS & D5IES ! EM]G5CE ( ! SELF AS '9DIVIDUALISM' -- A SELF ?AT C\LD YIELD ! MO/ ADVANC$ =M ( COLLECTIVITY1 A COLLECTIVITY BAS$ ON SELF-MANAGEM5T4 

,WE >E BEG9N+ TO SEE ?AT SPONTANEITY YIELDS ITS [N LIB]AT$ =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,! TRAG$Y ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T IS ?AT IT OPPOSES ORGANIZATION TO SPONTANEITY & TRIES TO ASSIMILATE ! SOCIAL PROCESS TO POLITICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL 9/RUM5TALISM4 

,WE >E BEG9N+ TO SEE ?AT ! G5]AL 9T]E/ CAN N[ BE SU/A9$ AFT] A REVOLUTION BY A PO/-SC>CITY TE*NOLOGY4 ,! TRAG$Y ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T IS ?AT IT SU/A9S ! P>TICUL> 9T]E/ ( ! PROLET>IAT AGA9/ ! EM]G+ G5]AL 9T]E/ ( ! DOM9AT$ AS A :OLE -- ( ALL DOM9AT$ /RATA1 SEXES1 AGES1 & E?NIC GR\PS4 

,WE MU/ BEG9 TO BREAK AWAY FROM ! GIV51 FROM ! SOCIAL CON/ELLATION ?AT /&S IMM$IATELY BE=E \R EYES1 & TRY TO SEE ?AT WE >E SOME:]E 9 A PROCESS ?AT HAS A LONG HI/ORY BEH9D IT & A LONG FUTURE BE=E IT4 ,9 LITTLE MORE ?AN HALF A DECADE1 WE HAVE SE5 E/ABLI%$ V]ITIES & VALUES DIS9TEGRATE ON A SCALE & ) A RAPIDITY ?AT W\LD HAVE SEEM$ UTT]LY 9CONCEIVABLE TO ! PEOPLE ( A DECADE AGO4 ,& YET1 P]HAPS1 WE >E ONLY AT ! BEG9N+ ( A DIS9TEGRAT+ PROCESS :OSE MO/ TELL+ EFFECTS /ILL LIE AHEAD4 ,?IS IS A REVOLUTION>Y EPO*1 AN IMM5SE HI/ORICAL TIDE ?AT BUILDS UP1 (T5 UNSE51 9 ! DEEPE/ RECESSES ( ! UNCONSCI\S & :OSE GOALS CONT9UALLY EXP& ) ! DEVELOPM5T ITSELF4 ,MORE ?AN EV]1 WE N[ KN[ A FACT FROM LIV$ EXP]I5CE ?AT NO !ORETICAL TOMES C\LD E/ABLI%3 CONSCI\SNESS CAN *ANGE RAPIDLY1 9DE$1 ) A RAPIDITY ?AT IS DAZZL+ TO ! BEHOLD]4 ,9 A REVOLUTION>Y EPO*1 A YE> OR EV5 A FEW MON?S CAN YIELD *ANGES 9 POPUL> CONSCI\SNESS & MOOD ?AT W\LD NORMALLY TAKE DECADES TO A*IEVE4 

,& WE MU/ KN[ :AT WE WANT LE/ WE TURN TO MEANS ?AT TOTALLY VITIATE \R GOALS4 ,COMMUNISM /&S ON ! AG5DA ( SOCIETY TODAY1 NOT A SOCIALI/ PAT*WORK ( '/AGES' & 'TRANSITIONS' ?AT WILL SIMPLY MIRE US 9 A WORLD WE >E TRY+ TO OV]COME4 ,A NON-HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY1 SELF-MANAG$ & FREE ( DOM9ATION 9 ALL ITS =MS1 /&S ON ! AG5DA ( SOCIETY TODAY1 NOT A HI]>*ICAL SY/EM DRAP$ 9 A R$ FLAG4 ,! DIALECTIC WE SEEK IS NEI!R A ,PROME!AN WILL ?AT POSITS ! 'O!R' ANTAGONI/ICALLY NOR A PASSIVITY ?AT REA*ES PH5OM5A 9 REPOSE4 ,NOR IS IT ! HAPP9ESS & PACIFICATION ( AN ET]NAL /ATUS QUO4 ,LIFE :5 WE >E PREP>$ TO ACCEPT ALL ! =BIDD5 EXP]I5CES ?AT DO NOT IMP$E SURVIVAL4 ,DESIRE IS ! S5SE ( HUMAN POSSIBILITY ?AT EM]GES ) LIFE1 & PLEASURE ! FULFILLM5T ( ?IS POSSIBILITY4 ,?US1 ! DIALECTIC WE SEEK IS AN UNCEAS+ BUT G5TLE TRANSC5D5CE ?AT F9DS ITS MO/ HUMAN EXPRESSION 9 >T & PLAY4 ,\R SELF-DEF9ITION WILL COME FROM ! HUMANIZ$ 'O!R' ( >T & PLAY1 NOT ! BE/IALIZ$ 'O!R' ( TOIL & DOM9ATION4 

,WE MU/ ALWAYS BE ON A QUE/ = ! NEW1 = ! POT5TIALITIES ?AT RIP5 ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! WORLD & ! NEW VISIONS ?AT UNFOLD ) !M4 ,AN \TLOOK ?AT CEASES TO LOOK = :AT IS NEW & POT5TIAL 9 ! NAME ( 'REALISM' HAS ALREADY LO/ CONTACT ) ! PRES5T1 = ! PRES5T IS ALWAYS CONDITION$ BY ! FUTURE4 ,TRUE DEVELOPM5T IS CUMULATIVE1 NOT SEQU5TIAL2 IT IS GR[?1 NOT SUCCESSION4 ,! NEW ALWAYS EMBODIES ! PRES5T & PA/1 BUT IT DOES SO 9 NEW WAYS & MORE ADEQUATELY AS ! P>TS ( A GREAT] :OLE4 

,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

.<#a.> ,A PRIME EXAMPLE ( ?IS K9D ( NONS5SE IS TO BE F\ND ON P4#a#d#c ( ,T>IQ ,ALI'S ',! ,COM+ ,BRITI% ,REVOLUTION' 7,JONA?AN ,CAPE1 #a#i#g#b74 ,APP>5TLY ',SOLID>ITY'S 'BELIEF 9 SPONTANE\SLY-G5]AT$ POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS' LEADS US TO 'D5Y ! NE$ = ANY ORGANIZATION'4 ,BO? ! PREMISE & ! CONCLUSION >E FALSE4 ,! '>GUM5T'1 MOREOV]1 IS A NON-SEQUITUR4 

.<#b.> ,PUBLI%$ BY ',SOLID>ITY' 7,LONDON71 C_/O #abc ,LA?OM ,ROAD1 ,LONDON ,E4 #f4 

.<#c.> ',COMMUNISM' HAS COME TO MEAN A /ATELESS SOCIETY1 BAS$ ON ! MAXIM1 ',FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS ABILITY & TO EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$S'4 ,SOCIETY'S AFFAIRS >E MANAG$ DIRECTLY FROM 'BEL[' & ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION >E COMMUNALLY '[N$'4 ,BO? ,M>XI/S & AN>*I/S 7OR1 AT LEA/1 AN>*O-COMMUNI/S7 VIEW ?IS =M ( SOCIETY AS A COMMON GOAL4 ,:]E !Y DISAGREE IS PRIM>ILY ON ! *>ACT] & ROLE ( ! ORGANIZ$ REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS & ! 9T]M$IATE '/AGES' 7MO/ ,M>XI/S SEE ! NE$ = A C5TRALIZ$ 'PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP'1 FOLL[$ BY A 'SOCIALI/' /ATE -- A VIEW AN>*I/S EMPHATICALLY D5Y7 REQUIR$ TO A*IEVE A COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,9 ! MATT] ( !SE DIFF]5CES1 IT WILL BE OBVI\S ?AT ,I HOLD TO AN AN>*I/ VIEWPO9T4 

.<#d.> ,! USE ( MILIT>Y OR QUASI-MILIT>Y LANGUAGE -- 'VANGU>D'1 '/RATEGY'1 'TACTICS' -- BETRAYS ?IS CONCEPTION FULLY4 ,:ILE D5\NC+ /UD5TS AS 'PETTY B\RGEOIS' & '%IT'1 ! 'PR(ESSIONAL REVOLUTION>Y' HAS ALWAYS HAD A GRUDG+ ADMIRATION & RESPECT = ?AT MO/ 9HUMAN ( ALL HI]>*ICAL 9/ITUTIONS1 ! MILIT>Y4 ,COMP>E ?IS ) ! C\NT]-CULTURE'S 9H]5T ANTIPA?Y = 'SOLDI]LY VIRTUES' & DEMEANOR4 

.<#e.> ,! WORD 'PEOPLE' 7LE PEUPLE ( ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION7 WILL NO LONG] BE ! ,JACOB9 7OR1 MORE REC5TLY1 ! ,/AL9I/ & ,MAOI/7 FICTION ?AT CONCEALS ANTAGONI/IC CLASS 9T]E/S )9 ! POPUL> MOVEM5T4 ,! WORD WILL REFLECT ! G5]AL 9T]E/S ( A TRULY HUMAN MOVEM5T1 A G5]AL 9T]E/ ?AT EXPRESSES ! MAT]IAL POSSIBILITIES = A*IEV+ A CLASSLESS SOCIETY4 

.<#f.> ,! UTT] /UPIDITY ( ! ,AM]ICAN 'LEFT' DUR+ ! LATE SIXTIES 9 PROJECT+ A M9DLESS 'POLITICS ( POL>IZATION' & !REBY WANTONLY HUMILIAT+ SO MANY MIDDLE-CLASS -- &1 YES1 LET IT BE SAID3 B\RGEOIS -- ELEM5TS :O W]E PREP>$ TO LI/5 & TO LE>N CAN H>DLY BE CRITICIZ$ TOO /RONGLY4 ,9S5SIBLE TO ! UNIQUE CON/ELLATION ( POSSIBILITIES ?AT />$ IT 9 ! FACE1 ! 'LEFT' SIMPLY F$ ITS GUILT & 9SECURITIES AB\T ITSELF & FOLL[$ A POLITICS ( SY/EMATIC ALI5ATION FROM ALL ! AU!NTIC1 RADICALIZ+ =CES 9 ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY4 ,?IS 9SANE POLITICS1 C\PLES ) A M9DLESS MIMICRY ( ! '?IRD WORLD'1 A DEHUMANIZ+ V]BIAGE 7! POLICE AS 'PIGS'1 OPPON5TS AS 'FASCI/S'71 & A TOTALLY DEHUMANIZ+ BODY ( VALUES1 VITIAT$ ALL ITS CLAIMS AS A 'LIB]ATION MOVEM5T'4 ,! /UD5T /RIKE ?AT FOLL[$ ! ,K5T MURD]S REVEAL$ TO ! 'LEFT' & ! /UD5TS ALIKE ?AT !Y HAD SUCCE$$ ONLY TOO WELL 9 POL>IZ+ ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY1 BUT ?AT !Y1 & NOT ! C\NTRY'S RUL]S1 W]E 9 ! M9ORITY4 ,IT IS REM>KABLE TE/IMONY TO ! 9N] RES\RCES ( ! C\NT]-CULTURE ?AT ! DEBACLE ( ,S,D,S L$ NOT TO A SIZABLE ,M>XI/-,L59I/ P>TY BUT TO ! WELL-E>N$ DIS9TEGRATION ( ! ',MOVEM5T' & A SOLEMN RETREAT BACK TO ! MORE HUMANI/IC CULTURAL PREMISES ?AT APPE>$ 9 ! E>LY SIXTIES -- HUMANI/IC PREMISES ?AT ! 'LEFT' SO CRUELLY RAVAG$ 9 ! CLOS+ YE>S ( ?AT DECADE4 

.<#g.> ,OBVI\SLY ,I DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT ADULTS TODAY >E 'MORE 9=M$1 MORE KN[L$GEABLE & MORE EXP]I5C$' ?AN Y\NG PEOPLE 9 ANY S5SE ?AT IMP>TS TO !IR GREAT] EXP]I5CE ANY REVOLUTION>Y SIGNIFICANCE4 ,TO ! CONTR>Y1 MO/ ADULTS 9 ! EXI/+ SOCIETY >E M5TALLY CLUTT]$ ) PREPO/]\S FALSEHOODS & IF !Y >E TO A*IEVE ANY REAL LE>N+1 !Y WILL HAVE TO UND]GO A CONSID]ABLE UNLE>N+ PROCESS4 

.<#h.> ,?IS IS A VITALLY IMPORTANT PO9T & %\LD BE FOLL[$ ?R\< ) AN EXAMPLE4 ,HAD ! FAM\S ,SUD-,AVIATION /RIKE 9 ,NANTES ( ,MAY #a#c1 #a#i#f#h1 A /RIKE ?AT IGNIT$ ! MASSIVE G5]AL /RIKE 9 ,FRANCE ( ,MAY-,JUNE1 OCCURR$ ONLY A WEEK E>LI]1 IT PROBABLY W\LD HAVE HAD ONLY LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE & ALMO/ C]TA9LY W\LD HAVE BE5 IGNOR$ BY ! C\NTRY AT L>GE4 ,COM+ :5 IT DID1 H[EV]1 AFT] ! /UD5T UPRIS+1 ! ,SUD-,AVIATION /RIKE 9ITIAT$ A SWEEP+ SOCIAL MOVEM5T4 ,OBVI\SLY ! T9D] = ?IS MOVEM5T HAD ACCUMULAT$ SL[LY & IMP]CEPTIBLY4 ,! ,SUD-,AVIATION /RIKE DID NOT 'CREATE' ?IS MOVEM5T2 IT REVEAL$ IT1 :I* IS PRECISELY ! PO9T ?AT CANNOT BE EMPHASIZ$ TOO /RONGLY4 ,:AT ,I AM SAY+ IS ?AT A MILITANT ACTION1 PRESUMABLY BY A M9ORITY -- AN ACTION UNKN[+LY RADICAL EV5 TO ITSELF -- HAD REVEAL$ ! FACT ?AT IT WAS ! ACTION ( A MAJORITY 9 ! ONLY WAY IT C\LD REVEAL ITSELF4 ,! SOCIAL MAT]IAL = ! G5]AL /RIKE LAY AT H& & ANY /RIKE1 H[EV] TRIVIAL 9 ! NORMAL C\RSE ( EV5TS 7& P]HAPS UNAVOIDABLE71 MI<T HAVE BR\<T ! G5]AL /RIKE 9TO BE+4 ,[+ TO ! UNCONSCI\S NATURE ( ! PROCESSES 9VOLV$1 !RE IS NO WAY ( =ETELL+ :5 A MOVEM5T ( ?IS K9D WILL EM]GE -- & IT WILL EM]GE ONLY :5 IT IS LEFT TO DO SO ON ITS [N4 ,NOR IS ?IS TO SAY ?AT WILL DOES NOT PLAY AN ACTIVE ROLE 9 SOCIAL PROCESSES1 BUT M]ELY ?AT ! WILL ( ! 9DIVIDUAL REVOLUTION>Y MU/ BECOME A SOCIAL WILL1 ! WILL ( ! GREAT MAJORITY 9 SOCIETY1 IF IT IS TO CULM9ATE 9 REVOLUTION4 

.<#i.> ,! Y\NG ,M>X 9 ,T[>D ! ,CRITIQUE ( ,HEGEL'S ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,LAW HELD A QUITE DIFF]5T VIEW3 ',IT IS NOT 5\< ?AT ?\<T %\LD SEEKS ITS ACTUALIZATION2 ACTUALITY MU/ ITSELF /RIVE T[>D ?\<T'4 

.<#a.> ,A FACT :I* WAS ALREADY CLE>LY 9 EVID5CE DUR+ ! ,MAY-,JUNE EV5TS 9 ,FRANCE AT ! ,*AMPS DE ,M>S GA!R+ ( /UD5TS & WORK]S ON #ab ,MAY4 ,H]E1 WORK] AFT] WORK] /OOD BE=E ! MICROPHONE & SPOKE ( HIS LIFE1 HIS VALUES & HIS DREAMS AS A HUMAN BE+1 NOT M]ELY ( HIS CLASS 9T]E/S4 ,9DE$1 ! EXT5T TO :I* BROAD] HUMAN LIFE ISSUES EM]G$ 9 ! ,MAY-,JUNE EV5TS HAS YET TO BE ADEQUATELY EXPLOR$4 ,IT WAS PRECISELY ! ,/AL9I/S1 ON ! O!R H&1 :O APPEAL$ TO WORK]S AS 'PROLET>IANS' & MALICI\SLY /RESS$ !IR 'SOCIAL DIFF]5CES' ) ! 'B\RGEOIS /UD5TS'4 

.<#a#a.> ,AS ! DECL9E ( FICTIONAL LIT]ATURE ATTE/S4 ,LIFE IS F> MORE 9T]E/+ ?AN DICTION1 NOT ONLY AS SOCIAL LIFE BUT AS P]SONAL EXP]I5CE & AUTOBIOGRAPHY4 

.<#a#b.> ,I W\LD >GUE ?AT WE >E NOT 9 A 'REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD' OR EV5 A 'PRE-REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD'1 TO USE ! T]M9OLOGY ( ! ,L59I/S1 BUT RA!R 9 A REVOLUTION>Y EPO*4 ,BY ?IS T]M ,I MEAN A PROTRACT$ P]IOD ( SOCIAL DIS9TEGRATION1 A P]IOD M>K$ PRECISELY BY ! ,5LI<T5M5T DISCUSS$ 9 ! P]IOD SECTIONS4 

.<#a#c.> ,SEE MY ',DIALECTICAL ,PHILOSOPHY'1 TO BE PUBLI%$ BY ,TIMES ,*ANGE ,PRESS 9 ! AUTUMN ( #a#i#g#b4 

.<#a#d.> ,ONE SEES ?IS 9 ,M>X'S RE/LESS CONCEPT ( PRACTICE & ESPECIALLY ( MAT]IAL 'NE$'1 :I* EXP&S ALMO/ 9DEF9ITELY4 ,IT IS ALSO CLE>LY SE5 9 ! EXEGETICAL VIEWS ( ,M>XIAN !ORI/S1 :OSE CONCEPTS ( AN UN5D+1 WILLFUL1 P[]-ASS]T+ PRACTICE ASSUMES ALMO/ ,DIONYSIAN PROPORTIONS4 

.<#a#e.> ,& 'NE$'1 H]E1 9 ! S5SE ( PSY*IC AS WELL AS MAT]IAL MANIFE/ATIONS ( EGOTISM4 ,9DE$1 DOM9ATION NE$ NOT BE EXPLOITIVE 9 ! MAT]IAL S5SE ALONE1 AS M]ELY ! APPROPRIATION ( SURPLUS LABOR4 ,PSY*IC EXPLOITATION1 NOTABLY ( *ILDR5 & WOM51 MAY WELL HAVE PREC$$ MAT]IAL EXPLOITATION & EV5 E/ABLI%$ ITS CULTURAL & ATTITUD9AL FRAMEWORK4 ,& UNLESS EXPLOITATION ( ?IS K9D IS TOTALLY UPROOT$1 HUMANITY WILL HAVE MADE NO ADVANCE 9 HUMANNESS4 

.<#a#f.> ,MUSIC IS ! MO/ /RIK+ EXAMPLE :]E >T CAN EXI/ = ITSELF & EV5 COMB9E ) PLAY = ITSELF4 ,! COMPETITIVE SPORTS1 ON ! O!R H&1 >E =MS ( PLAY ?AT >E VIRTUALLY DEGRAD$ TO M>KET-PLACE RELATIONS1 NOTABLY 9 ! FR5ZY = SCOR+ OV] RIVALS & ! EGOC5TRIC ANTAGONISMS ?AT ! GAMES SO (T5 5G5D]4 ,! READ] %\LD NOTE ?AT A DIALECTIC EXI/S )9 >T & PLAY1 H5CE MY USE ( ! WORDS 'TRUE >T' & 'AU!NTIC PLAY'1 I4E4 >T & PLAY AS 5DS 9 !MSELVES4 

.<#a#g.> ',>T' 9 ! S5SE ?AT ECOLOGY DEM&S CONT9UAL IMPROVIZATION4 ,?IS DEM& /EMS FROM ! V>IETY ( ITS SUBJECT MATT]1 ! ECOSY/EM3 ! LIV+ COMMUNITY & ITS 5VIRONM5T ?AT =MS ! BASIC UNIT ( ECOLOGICAL RESE>*4 ,NO ONE ECOSY/EM IS 5TIRELY LIKE ANO!R1 & ECOLOGI/S >E CONT9UALLY OBLIG$ TO TAKE ! UNIQU5ESS ( EA* ECOSY/EM 9TO ACC\NT 9 !IR RESE>*4 ,AL?\< !RE IS A REGRESSIVE ATTEMPT TO R$UCE ECOLOGY TO LITTLE MORE ?AN SY/EMS ANALYSIS1 ! SUBJECT MATT] CONT9UALLY GETS 9 ! WAY1 & IT (T5 HAPP5S ?AT ! MO/ P$E/RIAN WRIT]S >E OBLIG$ TO USE ! MO/ POETIC METAPHORS TO DEAL ) !IR MAT]IAL4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aigd 3 ,ON ,SPONTANEITY & ,ORGANISATION -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #a1 #bai 3 ,ON ,SPONTANEITY & ,ORGANISATION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,ON ,SPONTANEITY & ,ORGANISATION -- ,UPDAT$4 

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