,*APT] #b 
,EXC]PTS FROM ,UND]/&+ ,P[] 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY 

,TEXT 3 

#b4 ,EXC]PTS FROM ,UND]/&+ ,P[] 

  
,TRANSC5D+ ,CAPITALISM 

  

,M,A,N3 ,REF]R+ BACK TO Y\R COMM5TS AB\T ESCAP+ FROM OR DO+ AWAY ) CAPITALISM1 ,I'M WOND]+ :AT WORKABLE S*EME Y\ W\LD PUT 9 ITS PLACE8 

,ME8 

,M,A,N3 ,OR :AT W\LD Y\ SUGGE/ TO O!RS :O MI<T BE 9 A POSITION TO SET IT UP & GET IT GO+8 

,WELL1 ,I ?9K ?AT :AT US$ TO BE CALL$1 C5TURIES AGO1 0WAGE SLAV]Y0 IS 9TOL]ABLE4 ,I MEAN1 ,I DO NOT ?9K ?AT PEOPLE \<T TO BE =C$ TO R5T !MSELVES 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE4 ,I ?9K ?AT ! ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS \<T TO BE RUN DEMOCRATICALLY--BY !IR P>TICIPANTS1 & BY ! COMMUNITIES 9 :I* !Y LIVE4 ,& ,I ?9K ?AT ?R\< V>I\S =MS ( FREE ASSOCIATION & F$]ALISM1 IT'S POSSIBLE TO IMAG9E A SOCIETY WORK+ LIKE ?AT4 ,I MEAN1 ,I DON'T ?9K Y\ CAN LAY IT \T 9 DETAIL--NOBODY'S SM>T 5\< TO DESIGN A SOCIETY2 Y\'VE GOT TO EXP]IM5T4 ,BUT REASONABLE PR9CIPLES ON :I* TO BUILD SU* A SOCIETY >E QUITE CLE>4 

,M,A,N3 ,MO/ EF=TS AT PLANN$ ECONOMIES K9D ( GO AGA9/ ! GRA9 ( DEMOCRATIC IDEALS1 & F\ND] ON ?OSE ROCKS4 

,WELL1 IT DEP5DS :I* PLANN$ ECONOMIES Y\ MEAN4 ,!RE >E LOTS ( PLANN$ ECONOMIES--! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS A PLANN$ ECONOMY1 = EXAMPLE4 ,I MEAN1 WE TALK AB\T \RSELVES AS A 0FREE M>KET10 BUT ?AT'S BALONEY4 ,! ONLY P>TS ( ! ,U4,S4 ECONOMY ?AT >E 9T]NATIONALLY COMPETITIVE >E ! PLANN$ P>TS1 ! /ATE-SUBSIDIZ$ P>TS--LIKE CAPITAL-9T5SIVE AGRICULTURE 7:I* HAS A /ATE-GU>ANTE$ M>KET AS A CU%ION 9 CASE !RE >E EXCESSES72 OR HI<-TE*NOLOGY 9DU/RY 7:I* IS DEP5D5T ON ! ,P5TAGON SY/EM72 OR PH>MACEUTICALS 7:I* IS MASSIVELY SUBSIDIZ$ BY PUBLICLY FUND$ RESE>*74 ,?OSE >E ! P>TS ( ! ,U4,S4 ECONOMY ?AT >E FUNCTION+ WELL4 

,& IF Y\ GO TO ! ,EA/ ,ASIAN C\NTRIES ?AT >E SUPPOS$ TO BE ! BIG ECONOMIC SUCCESSES--Y\ KN[1 :AT EV]YBODY TALKS AB\T AS A TRIUMPH ( FREE-M>KET DEMOCRACY--!Y DON'T EV5 HAVE ! MO/ REMOTE RELATION TO FREE-M>KET DEMOCRACY3 =MALLY SPEAK+ !Y'RE FASCI/1 !Y'RE /ATE-ORGANIZ$ ECONOMIES RUN 9 COOP]ATION ) BIG CONGLOM]ATES4 ,?AT'S PRECISELY FASCISM1 IT'S NOT ! FREE M>KET4 

,N[1 ?AT K9D ( PLANN$ ECONOMY 0WORKS10 9 A WAY--IT PRODUCES AT LEA/4 ,O!R K9DS ( COMM& ECONOMIES DON'T WORK1 OR WORK DIFF]5TLY3 = EXAMPLE1 ! ,EA/]N ,EUROPEAN PLANN$ ECONOMIES 9 ! ,SOVIET ]A W]E HI<LY C5TRALIZ$1 OV]-BUREAUCRATIZ$1 & !Y WORK$ V]Y 9EFFICI5TLY1 AL?\< !Y DID PROVIDE A K9D ( M9IMAL SAFETY NET = PEOPLE4 ,BUT ALL ( !SE SY/EMS HAVE BE5 V]Y ANTIDEMOCRATIC--LIKE1 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 !RE W]E VIRTUALLY NO PEASANTS OR WORK]S 9VOLV$ 9 ANY DECISION-MAK+ PROCESS4 

,M,A,N3 ,IT W\LD BE H>D TO F9D A WORK+ MODEL ( AN IDEAL4 

,YES1 BUT 9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY IT W\LD HAVE BE5 H>D TO F9D A WORK+ MODEL ( A POLITICAL DEMOCRACY--?AT DIDN'T PROVE IT C\LDN'T EXI/4 ,BY ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 IT DID EXI/4 ,UNLESS Y\ ?9K ?AT HUMAN HI/ORY IS OV]1 IT'S NOT AN >GUM5T TO SAY 0IT'S NOT >\ND40 ,Y\ GO BACK TWO HUNDR$ YE>S1 IT WAS H>D TO IMAG9E SLAV]Y BE+ ABOLI%$4 

,! ,KIBBUTZ ,EXP]IM5T 

  

,A,N,O,!,R ,M,A,N3 ,H[ C\LD Y\ MAKE DECISIONS DEMOCRATICALLY )\T A BUREAUCRACY8 ,I DON'T SEE H[ A L>GE MASS ( PEOPLE C\LD ACTIVELY P>TICIPATE 9 ALL ( ! DECISIONS ?AT NE$ TO BE MADE 9 A COMPLEX MOD]N SOCIETY4 

,NO1 ,I DON'T ?9K !Y CAN--,I ?9K Y\'VE GOT TO DELEGATE SOME ( ?OSE RESPONSIBILITIES4 ,BUT ! QUE/ION IS1 :]E DOES AU?ORITY ULTIMATELY LIE8 ,I MEAN1 S9CE ! V]Y BEG9N+S ( ! MOD]N DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTIONS 9 ! SEV5TE5? & EI<TE5? C5TURIES1 IT'S ALWAYS BE5 RECOGNIZ$ ?AT PEOPLE HAVE TO BE REPRES5T$--! QUE/ION IS1 >E WE REPRES5T$ BY1 AS !Y PUT IT1 0C\NTRYM5 LIKE \RSELVES10 OR >E WE REPRES5T$ BY 0\R BETT]S80 

,= EXAMPLE1 SUPPOSE ?IS WAS \R COMMUNITY1 & WE WANT$ TO 5T] 9TO SOME K9D ( >RANGEM5T ) ! COMMUNITY D[N ! ROAD--IF WE W]E FAIRLY BIG 9 SCALE1 WE C\LDN'T ALL DO IT & GET !M ALL TO DO IT1 WE'D HAVE TO DELEGATE ! RI<T TO NEGOTIATE ?+S TO REPRES5TATIVES4 ,BUT !N ! QUE/ION IS1 :O HAS ! P[] TO ULTIMATELY AU?ORIZE ?OSE DECISIONS8 ,WELL1 IF IT'S A DEMOCRACY1 ?AT P[] \<T TO LIE NOT JU/ =MALLY 9 ! POPULATION1 BUT ACTUALLY 9 ! POPULATION--MEAN+ ! REPRES5TATIVES CAN BE RECALL$1 !Y'RE ANSW]ABLE BACK TO !IR COMMUNITY1 !Y CAN BE REPLAC$4 ,9 FACT1 !RE %\LD BE AS MU* AS POSSIBLE 9 ! WAY ( CON/ANT REPLACEM5T1 SO ?AT POLITICAL P>TICIPATION JU/ BECOMES A P>T ( EV]YBODY'S LIFE4 

,BUT ,I AGREE1 ,I DON'T ?9K IT'S POSSIBLE TO HAVE L>GE MASSES ( PEOPLE GET TOGE!R TO DECIDE EV]Y TOPIC--IT W\LD BE UNFEASIBLE & PO9TLESS4 ,Y\'RE GO+ TO WANT TO PICK COMMITTEES TO LOOK 9TO ?+S & REPORT BACK1 & SO ON & SO =?4 ,BUT ! REAL QUE/ION IS1 :]E DOES AU?ORITY LIE8 

,M,A,N3 ,IT S\NDS LIKE ! MODEL Y\'RE LOOK+ TO IS SIMIL> TO ?AT ( ! KIBBUTZIM .<COLLECTIVE F>M+ COMMUNITIES 9 ,ISRAEL.>4 

,YEAH1 ! KIBBUTZ IS ACTUALLY AS CLOSE TO A FULL DEMOCRACY AS !RE IS1 ,I ?9K4 ,9 FACT1 ,I LIV$ ON ONE = A :ILE1 & HAD PLANN$ TO /AY !RE1 = PRECISELY !SE REASONS4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 LIFE IS FULL ( ALL K9DS ( IRONIES1 & ! FACT IS--AS ,I HAVE COME TO UND]/& OV] ! YE>S EV5 MORE ?AN ,I DID AT ONE TIME--AL?\< ! KIBBUTZIM >E V]Y AU!NTIC DEMOCRACIES 9T]NALLY1 !RE >E A LOT ( V]Y UGLY FEATURES AB\T !M4 

,= ONE ?+1 !Y'RE EXTREMELY RACI/3 ,I DON'T ?9K !RE'S A S+LE ,>AB ON ANY KIBBUTZ 9 ,ISRAEL1 & IT TURNS \T ?AT A FAIR NUMB] ( !M HAVE BE5 TURN$ D[N4 ,LIKE1 IF A C\PLE =MS BETWE5 A ,JEWI% MEMB] ( A KIBBUTZ & AN ,>AB1 !Y G5]ALLY 5D UP LIV+ 9 AN ,>AB VILLAGE4 ,! O!R ?+ AB\T !M IS1 !Y HAVE AN EXTREMELY UNPLEASANT RELATION%IP ) ! /ATE--:I* ,I DIDN'T REALLY KN[ AB\T UNTIL FAIRLY REC5TLY1 EV5 ?\< IT'S BE5 ?AT WAY = A LONG TIME4 

,SEE1 P>T ( ! REASON :Y ! KIBBUTZIM >E ECONOMICALLY SUCCESSFUL IS ?AT !Y GET A SUB/ANTIAL /ATE SUBSIDY1 & 9 RETURN = ?AT /ATE SUBSIDY !Y ESS5TIALLY PROVIDE ! (FIC]S' CORPS = ! ELITE MILIT>Y UNITS 9 ,ISRAEL4 ,SO IF Y\ LOOK AT :O GOES 9TO ! PILOT TRA9+ S*OOLS & ! RANG]S & ALL ?AT K9D ( /UFF1 IT'S KIBBUTZ KIDS--?AT'S ! TRADE(F3 ! GOV]NM5T SUBSIDIZES !M AS LONG AS !Y PROVIDE ! ,PRETORIAN ,GU>D4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ,I ?9K !Y 5D UP PROVID+ ! ,PRETORIAN ,GU>D 9 P>T AS A RESULT ( KIBBUTZ $UCATION4 ,& H]E !RE >E ?+S ?AT PEOPLE :O BELIEVE 9 LIB]T>IAN IDEAS1 AS ,I DO1 REALLY HAVE TO WORRY AB\T4 

,Y\ SEE1 !RE'S SOME?+ V]Y AU?ORIT>IAN AB\T ! LIB]T>IAN /RUCTURE ( ! KIBBUTZ--,I C\LD SEE IT :5 ,I LIV$ 9 IT1 9 FACT4 ,!RE'S TREM5D\S GR\P PRESSURE TO CON=M4 ,I MEAN1 !RE'S NO =CE ?AT MAKES Y\ CON=M1 BUT ! GR\P PRESSURES >E V]Y P[]FUL4 ,! DYNAMICS ( H[ ?IS WORK$ W]E NEV] V]Y CLE> TO ME1 BUT Y\ C\LD JU/ SEE IT 9 OP]ATION3 ! FE> ( EXCLUSION IS V]Y GREAT--NOT EXCLUSION 9 ! S5SE ( NOT BE+ ALL[$ 9TO ! D9+ ROOM OR SOME?+1 BUT JU/ ?AT Y\ WON'T BE A P>T ( ?+S SOMEH[4 ,IT'S LIKE BE+ EXCLUD$ FROM A FAMILY3 IF Y\'RE A KID & Y\R FAMILY EXCLUDES Y\--LIKE MAYBE !Y LET Y\ SIT AT ! TABLE1 BUT !Y DON'T TALK TO Y\--?AT'S DEVA/AT+1 Y\ JU/ CAN'T SURVIVE IT4 ,& SOME?+ LIKE ?AT C>RIES OV] 9TO !SE COMMUNITIES4 

,I'VE NEV] HE>D ( ANYBODY /UDY+ IT1 BUT IF Y\ WAT* ! KIDS GR[+ UP1 Y\ CAN UND]/& :Y !Y'RE GO+ TO GO 9TO ! RANG]S & ! PILOT PROGRAMS & ! COMM&OS4 ,!RE'S A TREM5D\S MA*O PRESSURE1 RI<T FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+--Y\'RE JU/ NO GOOD UNLESS Y\ CAN GO ?R\< ,M>9E ,CORPS TRA9+ & BECOME A REALLY T\< BA/>D4 ,& ?AT />TS PRETTY E>LY1 & ,I ?9K ! KIDS GO ?R\< REAL TRAUMAS IF !Y CAN'T DO IT3 IT'S PSY*OLOGICALLY V]Y DIFFICULT4 

,& ! RESULTS >E /RIK+4 ,= EXAMPLE1 !RE'S A MOVEM5T ( RESI/]S 9 ,ISRAEL .<,YE% ,G'VUL.>1 PEOPLE :O WON'T S]VE 9 ! ,OCCUPI$ ,T]RITORIES--BUT IT DOESN'T HAVE ANY KIBBUTZ KIDS 9 IT3 ! MOVEM5T JU/ DOESN'T EXI/ !RE4 ,KIBBUTZ KIDS ALSO HAVE A REPUTATION = BE+ :AT >E CALL$ 0GOOD SOLDI]S0--:I* MEANS1 Y\ KN[1 NOT NICE PEOPLE3 DO :AT Y\ GOTTA DO4 ,ALL ( !SE ?+S >E O!R ASPECTS ( IT1 & ! :OLE PH5OM5ON COMES PRETTY MU* )\T =CE OR AU?ORITY1 BUT BECAUSE ( A DYNAMICS ( CON=MISM ?AT'S EXTREMELY P[]FUL4 

,LIKE1 ! KIBBUTZ ,I LIV$ 9 WAS MADE UP ( PRETTY $UCAT$ PEOPLE--!Y W]E ,G]MAN REFUGEES1 & A LOT ( !M HAD UNIV]SITY DEGREES & SO ON--BUT EV]Y S+LE P]SON 9 ! :OLE KIBBUTZ READ ! SAME NEWSPAP]4 ,& ! IDEA ?AT Y\ MI<T READ A DIFF]5T NEWSPAP]--WELL1 IT'S NOT ?AT !RE WAS A LAW AGA9/ IT1 IT WAS JU/ ?AT IT C\LDN'T BE DONE3 Y\'RE A MEMB] ( ?IS BRAN* ( ! KIBBUTZ MOVEM5T1 ?AT'S ! NEWSPAP] Y\ READ4 

,M,A,N3 ,!N H[ CAN WE BUILD A SOCIAL CONTRACT :I* IS COOP]ATIVE 9 NATURE1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME RECOGNIZES 9DIVIDUAL HUMANITY8 ,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT !RE'S ALWAYS GO+ TO BE A V]Y T5SE POL> PULL !RE4 

,:]E'S ! POL> PULL--BETWE5 :AT & :AT8 

,M,A,N3 ,BETWE5 A COLLECTIVE VALUE & AN 9DIVIDUAL VALUE4 

,I GUESS ,I DON'T SEE :Y !RE HAS TO BE ANY CONTRADICTION !RE AT ALL4 ,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT A CRUCIAL ASPECT ( HUMANITY IS BE+ A P>T ( FUNCTION+ COMMUNITIES--SO IF WE CAN CREATE SOCIAL BONDS 9 :I* PEOPLE F9D SATISFACTION1 WE'VE DONE IT3 !RE'S NO CONTRADICTION4 

,LOOK1 Y\ CAN'T REALLY FIGURE \T :AT PROBLEMS >E GO+ TO >ISE 9 GR\P SITUATIONS UNLESS Y\ EXP]IM5T ) !M--IT'S LIKE PHYSICS3 Y\ CAN'T JU/ SIT >\ND & ?9K :AT ! WORLD W\LD BE LIKE UND] SU* & SU* CONDITIONS1 Y\'VE GOT TO EXP]IM5T & LE>N H[ ?+S ACTUALLY WORK \T4 ,& ONE ( ! ?+S ,I ?9K Y\ LE>N FROM ! KIBBUTZ EXP]IM5T IS ?AT Y\ CAN 9 FACT CON/RUCT QUITE VIABLE & SUCCESSFUL DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURES--BUT !RE >E /ILL GO+ TO BE PROBLEMS ?AT COME ALONG4 ,& ONE ( ! PROBLEMS ?AT PEOPLE JU/ HAVE TO FACE IS ! EFFECT ( GR\P PRESSURES TO CON=M4 

,I ?9K EV]YBODY KN[S AB\T ?IS FROM FAMILIES4 ,LIV+ 9 A FAMILY IS A CRUCIAL P>T ( HUMAN LIFE1 Y\ DON'T WANT TO GIVE IT UP4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 !RE PLA9LY >E PROBLEMS ?AT GO ALONG ) IT--NOBODY HAS TO BE TOLD ?AT4 ,& A S]I\S PROBLEM1 :I* BECOMES ALMO/ PA?OLOGICAL :5 IT >ISES 9 A CLOSE-KNIT GR\P1 IS EXCLUSION--& TO AVOID EXCLUSION (T5 MEANS DO+ ?+S Y\ W\LDN'T WANT TO DO IF Y\ HAD Y\R [N WAY4 ,BUT ?AT'S JU/ A P>T ( LIV+1 TO BE FAC$ ) HUMAN PROBLEMS LIKE ?AT4 

,ACTUALLY1 ,I'M NOT A GREAT 5?USIA/ ( ,M>X1 BUT ONE COMM5T HE MADE SEEMS APPROPRIATE H]E4 ,I'M QUOT+1 SO P>DON ! SEXI/ LANGUAGE1 BUT SOME:]E OR O!R HE SAID3 SOCIALISM IS AN EF=T TO TRY TO SOLVE MAN'S ANIMAL PROBLEMS1 & AFT] HAV+ SOLV$ ! ANIMAL PROBLEMS1 !N WE CAN FACE ! HUMAN PROBLEMS--BUT IT'S NOT A P>T ( SOCIALISM TO SOLVE ! HUMAN PROBLEMS2 SOCIALISM IS AN EF=T TO GET Y\ TO ! PO9T :]E Y\ CAN FACE ! HUMAN PROBLEMS4 ,& ,I ?9K ! K9D ( ?+ Y\'RE CONC]N$ AB\T IS A HUMAN PROBLEM--& ?OSE >E GO+ TO BE !RE4 ,HUMANS >E V]Y COMPLICAT$ CREATURES1 & HAVE LOTS ( WAYS ( TORTUR+ !MSELVES 9 !IR 9T]-P]SONAL RELATIONS4 ,EV]YBODY KN[S ?AT1 )\T SOAP OP]AS4 

0,AN>*ISM0 & 0,LIB]T>IANISM0 

  

,W,O,M,A,N3 ,PR(ESSOR ,*OMSKY1 ON A SLI<TLY DIFF]5T TOPIC1 !RE'S A SEP>ATE MEAN+ ( ! WORD 0AN>*Y0 DIFF]5T FROM ! ONE Y\ (T5 TALK AB\T--NAMELY1 0*AOS40 

,YEAH1 IT'S A BUM RAP1 BASICALLY--IT'S LIKE REF]R+ TO ,SOVIET-/YLE BUREAUCRACY AS 0SOCIALISM10 OR ANY O!R T]M ( DISC\RSE ?AT'S BE5 GIV5 A SECOND MEAN+ = ! PURPOSE ( IDEOLOGICAL W>F>E4 ,I MEAN1 0*AOS0 IS A MEAN+ ( ! WORD1 BUT IT'S NOT A MEAN+ ?AT HAS ANY RELEVANCE TO SOCIAL ?\<T4 ,AN>*Y AS A SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY HAS NEV] MEANT 0*AOS0--9 FACT1 AN>*I/S HAVE TYPICALLY BELIEV$ 9 A HI<LY ORGANIZ$ SOCIETY1 JU/ ONE ?AT'S ORGANIZ$ DEMOCRATICALLY FROM BEL[4 

,W,O,M,A,N3 ,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT AS A SOCIAL SY/EM1 AN>*ISM MAKES SU* BOTTOM-L9E S5SE ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y TO DISCR$IT ! WORD1 & TAKE IT \T ( PEOPLE'S :OLE VOCABUL>Y & ?9K+--SO Y\ JU/ HAVE A REFLEX ( FE> :5 Y\ HE> IT4 

,YEAH1 AN>*ISM HAS ALWAYS BE5 REG>D$ AS ! ULTIMATE EVIL BY PEOPLE ) P[]4 ,SO 9 ,WOODR[ ,WILSON'S ,R$ ,SC>E .<A #aiai CAMPAIGN AGA9/ 0SUBV]SIVES0 9 ! ,U4,S4.>1 !Y W]E H>% ON SOCIALI/S1 BUT !Y MURD]$ AN>*I/S--!Y W]E REALLY BAD NEWS4 

,SEE1 ! IDEA ?AT PEOPLE C\LD BE FREE IS EXTREMELY FRI<T5+ TO ANYBODY ) P[]4 ,?AT'S :Y ! #a#i#fS HAVE SU* A BAD REPUTATION4 ,I MEAN1 !RE'S A BIG LIT]ATURE AB\T ! ,SIXTIES1 & IT'S MO/LY WRITT5 BY 9TELLECTUALS1 BECAUSE !Y'RE ! PEOPLE :O WRITE BOOKS1 SO NATURALLY IT HAS A V]Y BAD NAME--BECAUSE !Y HAT$ IT4 ,Y\ C\LD SEE IT 9 ! FACULTY CLUBS AT ! TIME3 PEOPLE W]E JU/ TRAUMATIZ$ BY ! IDEA ?AT /UD5TS W]E SUDD5LY ASK+ QUE/IONS & NOT JU/ COPY+ ?+S D[N4 ,9 FACT1 :5 PEOPLE LIKE ,ALLAN ,BLOOM .<AU?OR ( ,! ,CLOS+ ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,M9D.> WRITE AS IF ! F\NDATIONS ( CIVILIZATION W]E COLLAPS+ 9 ! ,SIXTIES1 FROM !IR PO9T ( VIEW ?AT'S EXACTLY RI<T3 !Y W]E4 ,BECAUSE ! F\NDATIONS ( CIVILIZATION >E1 0,I'M A BIG PR(ESSOR1 & ,I TELL Y\ :AT TO SAY1 & :AT TO ?9K1 & Y\ WRITE IT D[N 9 Y\R NOTEBOOKS1 & Y\ REPEAT IT40 ,IF Y\ GET UP & SAY1 0,I DON'T UND]/& :Y ,I %\LD READ ,PLATO1 ,I ?9K IT'S NONS5SE10 ?AT'S DE/ROY+ ! F\NDATIONS ( CIVILIZATION4 ,BUT MAYBE IT'S A P]FECTLY S5SIBLE QUE/ION--PL5TY ( PHILOSOPH]S HAVE SAID IT1 SO :Y ISN'T IT A S5SIBLE QUE/ION8 

,AS ) ANY MASS POPUL> MOVEM5T1 !RE WAS A LOT ( CRAZY /UFF GO+ ON 9 ! ,SIXTIES--BUT ?AT'S ! ONLY ?+ ?AT MAKES IT 9TO HI/ORY3 ! CRAZY /UFF >\ND ! P]IPH]Y4 ,! MA9 ?+S ?AT W]E GO+ ON >E \T ( HI/ORY--& ?AT'S BECAUSE !Y HAD A K9D ( LIB]T>IAN *>ACT]1 & !RE IS NO?+ MORE FRI<T5+ TO PEOPLE ) P[]4 

,M,A,N3 ,:AT'S ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 0LIB]T>IAN0 & 0AN>*I/10 EXACTLY8 

,!RE'S NO DIFF]5CE1 REALLY4 ,I ?9K !Y'RE ! SAME ?+4 ,BUT Y\ SEE1 0LIB]T>IAN0 HAS A SPECIAL MEAN+ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS (F ! SPECTRUM ( ! MA9 TRADITION 9 ?IS RESPECT3 :AT'S CALL$ 0LIB]T>IANISM0 H]E IS UNBRIDL$ CAPITALISM4 ,N[1 ?AT'S ALWAYS BE5 OPPOS$ 9 ! ,EUROPEAN LIB]T>IAN TRADITION1 :]E EV]Y AN>*I/ HAS BE5 A SOCIALI/--BECAUSE ! PO9T IS1 IF Y\ HAVE UNBRIDL$ CAPITALISM1 Y\ HAVE ALL K9DS ( AU?ORITY3 Y\ HAVE EXTREME AU?ORITY4 

,IF CAPITAL IS PRIVATELY CONTROLL$1 !N PEOPLE >E GO+ TO HAVE TO R5T !MSELVES 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE4 ,N[1 Y\ CAN SAY1 0!Y R5T !MSELVES FREELY1 IT'S A FREE CONTRACT0--BUT ?AT'S A JOKE4 ,IF Y\R *OICE IS1 0DO :AT ,I TELL Y\ OR />VE10 ?AT'S NOT A *OICE--IT'S 9 FACT :AT WAS COMMONLY REF]R$ TO AS WAGE SLAV]Y 9 MORE CIVILIZ$ TIMES1 LIKE ! EI<TE5? & N9ETE5? C5TURIES1 = EXAMPLE4 

,! ,AM]ICAN V]SION ( 0LIB]T>IANISM0 IS AN AB]RATION1 ?\<--NOBODY REALLY TAKES IT S]I\SLY4 ,I MEAN1 EV]YBODY KN[S ?AT A SOCIETY ?AT WORK$ BY ,AM]ICAN LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES W\LD SELF-DE/RUCT 9 ?REE SECONDS4 ,! ONLY REASON PEOPLE PRET5D TO TAKE IT S]I\SLY IS BECAUSE Y\ CAN USE IT AS A WEAPON4 ,LIKE1 :5 SOMEBODY COMES \T 9 FAVOR ( A TAX1 Y\ CAN SAY3 0,NO1 ,I'M A LIB]T>IAN1 ,I'M AGA9/ ?AT TAX0--BUT ( C\RSE1 ,I'M /ILL 9 FAVOR ( ! GOV]NM5T BUILD+ ROADS1 & HAV+ S*OOLS1 & KILL+ ,LIBYANS1 & ALL ?AT SORT ( /UFF4 

,N[1 !RE >E CONSI/5T LIB]T>IANS1 PEOPLE LIKE ,MURRAY ,RO?B>D .<,AM]ICAN ACADEMIC.>--& IF Y\ JU/ READ ! WORLD ?AT !Y DESCRIBE1 IT'S A WORLD SO FULL ( HATE ?AT NO HUMAN BE+ W\LD WANT TO LIVE 9 IT4 ,?IS IS A WORLD :]E Y\ DON'T HAVE ROADS BECAUSE Y\ DON'T SEE ANY REASON :Y Y\ %\LD COOP]ATE 9 BUILD+ A ROAD ?AT Y\'RE NOT GO+ TO USE3 IF Y\ WANT A ROAD1 Y\ GET TOGE!R ) A BUN* ( O!R PEOPLE :O >E GO+ TO USE ?AT ROAD & Y\ BUILD IT1 !N Y\ *>GE PEOPLE TO RIDE ON IT4 ,IF Y\ DON'T LIKE ! POLLUTION FROM SOMEBODY'S AUTOMOBILE1 Y\ TAKE !M TO C\RT & Y\ LITIGATE IT4 ,:O W\LD WANT TO LIVE 9 A WORLD LIKE ?AT8 ,IT'S A WORLD BUILT ON HATR$4 

,! :OLE ?+'S NOT EV5 WOR? TALK+ AB\T1 ?\<4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 IT C\LDN'T FUNCTION = A SECOND--& IF IT C\LD1 ALL Y\'D WANT TO DO IS GET \T1 OR COMMIT SUICIDE OR SOME?+4 ,BUT ?IS IS A SPECIAL ,AM]ICAN AB]RATION1 IT'S NOT REALLY S]I\S4 

,>TICULAT+ ,VISIONS 

  

,M,A,N3 ,Y\ (T5 SEEM RELUCTANT TO GET V]Y SPECIFIC 9 SPELL+ \T Y\R VISION ( AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY & H[ WE C\LD GET !RE4 ,DON'T Y\ ?9K IT'S IMPORTANT = ACTIVI/S TO DO ?AT1 ?\<--TO TRY TO COMMUNICATE TO PEOPLE A WORKABLE PLAN = ! FUTURE1 :I* !N CAN HELP GIVE !M ! HOPE & 5]GY TO CONT9UE /RUGGL+8 ,I'M CURI\S :Y Y\ DON'T DO ?AT MORE (T54 

,WELL1 ,I SUPPOSE ,I DON'T FEEL ?AT 9 ORD] TO WORK H>D = SOCIAL *ANGE Y\ NE$ TO BE ABLE TO SPELL \T A PLAN = A FUTURE SOCIETY 9 ANY K9D ( DETAIL4 ,:AT ,I FEEL %\LD DRIVE A P]SON TO WORK = *ANGE >E C]TA9 PR9CIPLES Y\'D LIKE TO SEE A*IEV$4 ,N[1 Y\ MAY NOT KN[ 9 DETAIL--& ,I DON'T ?9K ?AT ANY ( US DO KN[ 9 DETAIL--H[ ?OSE PR9CIPLES CAN BE/ BE REALIZ$ AT ?IS PO9T 9 COMPLEX SY/EMS LIKE HUMAN SOCIETIES4 ,BUT ,I DON'T REALLY SEE :Y ?AT %\LD MAKE ANY DIFF]5CE3 :AT Y\ TRY TO DO IS ADVANCE ! PR9CIPLES4 ,N[1 ?AT MAY BE :AT SOME PEOPLE CALL 0RE=MISM0--BUT ?AT'S K9D ( LIKE A PUT-D[N3 RE=MS CAN BE QUITE REVOLUTION>Y IF !Y LEAD 9 A C]TA9 DIRECTION4 ,& TO PU% 9 ?AT DIRECTION1 ,I DON'T ?9K Y\ HAVE TO KN[ PRECISELY H[ A FUTURE SOCIETY W\LD WORK3 ,I ?9K :AT Y\ HAVE TO BE ABLE TO DO IS SPELL \T ! PR9CIPLES Y\ WANT TO SEE SU* A SOCIETY REALIZE--& ,I ?9K WE CAN IMAG9E MANY DIFF]5T WAYS 9 :I* A FUTURE SOCIETY C\LD REALIZE !M4 ,WELL1 WORK TO HELP PEOPLE />T TRY+ !M4 

,SO = EXAMPLE1 9 ! CASE ( WORK]S TAK+ CONTROL ( ! WORKPLACE1 !RE >E A LOT ( DIFF]5T WAYS 9 :I* Y\ CAN ?9K ( WORKPLACES BE+ CONTROLL$--& S9CE NOBODY KN[S 5\< AB\T :AT ALL ! EFFECTS >E GO+ TO BE ( L>GE-SCALE SOCIAL *ANGES1 ,I ?9K :AT WE %\LD DO IS TRY !M PIECEMEAL4 ,9 FACT1 ,I HAVE A RA!R CONS]VATIVE ATTITUDE T[>DS SOCIAL *ANGE3 S9CE WE'RE DEAL+ ) COMPLEX SY/EMS :I* NOBODY UND]/&S V]Y MU*1 ! S5SIBLE MOVE ,I ?9K IS TO MAKE *ANGES & !N SEE :AT HAPP5S--& IF !Y WORK1 MAKE FUR!R *ANGES4 ,?AT'S TRUE ACROSS ! BO>D1 ACTUALLY4 

,SO1 ,I DON'T FEEL 9 A POSITION--& EV5 IF ,I FELT ,I WAS1 ,I W\LDN'T SAY IT--TO KN[ :AT ! LONG-T]M RESULTS >E GO+ TO LOOK LIKE 9 ANY K9D ( DETAIL3 ?OSE >E ?+S ?AT WILL HAVE TO BE DISCOV]$1 9 MY VIEW4 ,9/EAD1 ! BASIC PR9CIPLE ,I W\LD LIKE TO SEE COMMUNICAT$ TO PEOPLE IS ! IDEA ?AT EV]Y =M ( AU?ORITY & DOM9ATION & HI]>*Y1 EV]Y AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE1 HAS TO PROVE ?AT IT'S JU/IFI$--IT HAS NO PRIOR JU/IFICATION4 ,= 9/ANCE1 :5 Y\ /OP Y\R FIVE-YE>-OLD KID FROM TRY+ TO CROSS ! /REET1 ?AT'S AN AU?ORIT>IAN SITUATION3 IT'S GOT TO BE JU/IFI$4 ,WELL1 9 ?AT CASE1 ,I ?9K Y\ CAN GIVE A JU/IFICATION4 ,BUT ! BURD5 ( PRO( = ANY EX]CISE ( AU?ORITY IS ALWAYS ON ! P]SON EX]CIS+ IT--9V>IABLY4 ,& :5 Y\ LOOK1 MO/ ( ! TIME !SE AU?ORITY /RUCTURES HAVE NO JU/IFICATION3 !Y HAVE NO MORAL JU/IFICATION1 !Y HAVE NO JU/IFICATION 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! P]SON L[] 9 ! HI]>*Y1 OR 9 ! 9T]E/S ( O!R PEOPLE1 OR ! 5VIRONM5T1 OR ! FUTURE1 OR ! SOCIETY1 OR ANY?+ ELSE--!Y'RE JU/ !RE 9 ORD] TO PRES]VE C]TA9 /RUCTURES ( P[] & DOM9ATION1 & ! PEOPLE AT ! TOP4 

,SO ,I ?9K ?AT :5EV] Y\ F9D SITUATIONS ( P[]1 !SE QUE/IONS %\LD BE ASK$--& ! P]SON :O CLAIMS ! LEGITIMACY ( ! AU?ORITY ALWAYS BE>S ! BURD5 ( JU/IFY+ IT4 ,& IF !Y CAN'T JU/IFY IT1 IT'S ILLEGITIMATE & %\LD BE DISMANTL$4 ,TO TELL Y\ ! TRU?1 ,I DON'T REALLY UND]/& AN>*ISM AS BE+ MU* MORE ?AN ?AT4 ,AS F> AS ,I CAN SEE1 IT'S JU/ ! PO9T ( VIEW ?AT SAYS ?AT PEOPLE HAVE ! RI<T TO BE FREE1 & IF !RE >E CON/RA9TS ON ?AT FRE$OM !N Y\'VE GOT TO JU/IFY !M4 ,SOMETIMES Y\ CAN--BUT ( C\RSE1 AN>*ISM OR ANY?+ ELSE DOESN'T GIVE Y\ ! ANSW]S AB\T :5 ?AT IS4 ,Y\ JU/ HAVE TO LOOK AT ! SPECIFIC CASES4 

,M,A,N3 ,BUT IF WE EV] HAD A SOCIETY ) NO WAGE 9C5TIVE & NO AU?ORITY1 :]E W\LD ! DRIVE COME FROM TO ADVANCE & GR[8 

,WELL1 ! DRIVE TO 0ADVANCE0--,I ?9K Y\ HAVE TO ASK EXACTLY :AT ?AT MEANS4 ,IF Y\ MEAN A DRIVE TO PRODUCE MORE1 WELL1 :O WANTS IT8 ,IS ?AT NECESS>ILY ! RI<T ?+ TO DO8 ,IT'S NOT OBVI\S4 ,9 FACT1 9 MANY >EAS IT'S PROBABLY ! WRONG ?+ TO DO--MAYBE IT'S A GOOD ?+ ?AT !RE W\LDN'T BE ! SAME DRIVE TO PRODUCE4 ,PEOPLE HAVE TO BE DRIV5 TO HAVE C]TA9 WANTS 9 \R SY/EM--:Y8 ,:Y NOT LEAVE !M ALONE SO !Y CAN JU/ BE HAPPY1 DO O!R ?+S8 

,:ATEV] 0DRIVE0 !RE IS \<T TO BE 9T]NAL4 ,SO TAKE A LOOK AT KIDS3 !Y'RE CREATIVE1 !Y EXPLORE1 !Y WANT TO TRY NEW ?+S4 ,I MEAN1 :Y DOES A KID />T TO WALK8 ,Y\ TAKE A ONE-YE>-OLD KID1 HE'S CRAWL+ F9E1 HE CAN GET ANY:]E ACROSS ! ROOM HE LIKES REALLY FA/1 SO FA/ HIS P>5TS HAVE TO RUN AFT] HIM TO KEEP HIM FROM KNOCK+ EV]Y?+ D[N--ALL ( A SUDD5 HE GETS UP & />TS WALK+4 ,HE'S T]RIBLE AT WALK+3 HE WALKS ONE /EP & HE FALLS ON HIS FACE1 & IF HE WANTS TO REALLY GET SOME:]E HE'S GO+ TO CRAWL4 ,SO :Y DO KIDS />T WALK+8 ,WELL1 !Y JU/ WANT TO DO NEW ?+S1 ?AT'S ! WAY PEOPLE >E BUILT4 ,WE'RE BUILT TO WANT TO DO NEW ?+S1 EV5 IF !Y'RE NOT EFFICI5T1 EV5 IF !Y'RE H>MFUL1 EV5 IF Y\ GET HURT--& ,I DON'T ?9K ?AT EV] /OPS4 

,PEOPLE WANT TO EXPLORE1 WE WANT TO PRESS \R CAPACITIES TO !IR LIMITS1 WE WANT TO APPRECIATE :AT WE CAN4 ,BUT ! JOY ( CREATION IS SOME?+ V]Y FEW PEOPLE GET ! OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE 9 \R SOCIETY3 >TI/S GET TO HAVE IT1 CRAFTSPEOPLE HAVE IT1 SCI5TI/S4 ,& IF Y\'VE BE5 LUCKY 5\< TO HAVE HAD ?AT OPPORTUNITY1 Y\ KN[ IT'S QUITE AN EXP]I5CE--& IT DOESN'T HAVE TO BE DISCOV]+ ,E9/E9'S !ORY ( RELATIVITY3 ANYBODY CAN HAVE ?AT PLEASURE1 EV5 BY SEE+ :AT O!R PEOPLE HAVE DONE4 ,= 9/ANCE1 IF Y\ READ EV5 A SIMPLE MA!MATICAL PRO( LIKE ! ,PY?AGOREAN ,!OREM1 :AT Y\ /UDY 9 T5? GRADE1 & Y\ F9ALLY FIGURE \T :AT IT'S ALL AB\T1 ?AT'S EXCIT+--0,MY ,GOD1 ,I NEV] UND]/OOD ?AT BE=E40 ,OKAY1 ?AT'S CREATIVITY1 EV5 ?\< SOMEBODY ELSE PROV$ IT TWO ?\S& YE>S AGO4 

,Y\ JU/ KEEP BE+ /RUCK BY ! M>VELS ( :AT Y\'RE DISCOV]+1 & Y\'RE 0DISCOV]+0 IT1 EV5 ?\< SOMEBODY ELSE DID IT ALREADY4 ,!N IF Y\ CAN EV] ADD A LITTLE BIT TO :AT'S ALREADY KN[N--ALRI<T1 ?AT'S V]Y EXCIT+4 ,& ,I ?9K ! SAME ?+ IS TRUE ( A P]SON :O BUILDS A BOAT3 ,I DON'T SEE :Y IT'S FUNDAM5TALLY ANY DIFF]5T--,I MEAN1 ,I WI% ,I C\LD DO ?AT2 ,I CAN'T1 ,I CAN'T IMAG9E DO+ IT4 

,WELL1 ,I ?9K PEOPLE %\LD BE ABLE TO LIVE 9 A SOCIETY :]E !Y CAN EX]CISE !SE K9DS ( 9T]NAL DRIVES & DEVELOP !IR CAPACITIES FREELY--9/EAD ( BE+ =C$ 9TO ! N>R[ RANGE ( OPTIONS ?AT >E AVAILABLE TO MO/ PEOPLE 9 ! WORLD N[4 ,& BY ?AT1 ,I MEAN NOT ONLY OPTIONS ?AT >E OBJECTIVELY AVAILABLE1 BUT ALSO OPTIONS ?AT >E SUBJECTIVELY AVAILABLE--LIKE1 H[ >E PEOPLE ALL[$ TO ?9K1 H[ >E !Y ABLE TO ?9K8 ,REMEMB]1 !RE >E ALL K9DS ( WAYS ( ?9K+ ?AT >E CUT (F FROM US 9 \R SOCIETY--NOT BECAUSE WE'RE 9CAPABLE ( !M1 BUT BECAUSE V>I\S BLOCKAGES HAVE BE5 DEVELOP$ & IMPOS$ TO PREV5T PEOPLE FROM ?9K+ 9 ?OSE WAYS4 ,?AT'S :AT 9DOCTR9ATION IS AB\T 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 9 FACT--& ,I DON'T MEAN SOMEBODY GIV+ Y\ LECTURES3 SITCOMS ON TELEVISION1 SPORTS ?AT Y\ WAT*1 EV]Y ASPECT ( ! CULTURE IMPLICITLY 9VOLVES AN EXPRESSION ( :AT A 0PROP]0 LIFE & A 0PROP]0 SET ( VALUES >E1 & ?AT'S ALL 9DOCTR9ATION4 

,SO ,I ?9K :AT HAS TO HAPP5 IS1 O!R OPTIONS HAVE TO BE OP5$ UP TO PEOPLE--BO? SUBJECTIVELY1 & 9 FACT CONCRETELY3 MEAN+ Y\ CAN DO SOME?+ AB\T !M )\T GREAT SUFF]+4 ,& ?AT'S ONE ( ! MA9 PURPOSES ( SOCIALISM1 ,I ?9K3 TO REA* A PO9T :]E PEOPLE HAVE ! OPPORTUNITY TO DECIDE FREELY = !MSELVES :AT !IR NE$S >E1 & NOT JU/ HAVE ! 0*OICES0 =C$ ON !M BY SOME >BITR>Y SY/EM ( P[]4 .< 444 .> 

,ADAM ,SMI?3 ,REAL & ,FAKE 

  

,M,A,N3 ,Y\ SAID ?AT CLASSICAL LIB]ALISM WAS 0ANTICAPITALI/40 ,:AT DID Y\ MEAN BY ?AT8 

,WELL1 ! UND]LY+1 FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( ,ADAM ,SMI? & O!R CLASSICAL LIB]ALS W]E ?AT PEOPLE %\LD BE FREE3 !Y %\LDN'T BE UND] ! CONTROL ( AU?ORIT>IAN 9/ITUTIONS1 !Y %\LDN'T BE SUBJECT$ TO ?+S LIKE DIVISION ( LABOR1 :I* DE/ROYS !M4 ,SO LOOK AT ,SMI?3 :Y WAS HE 9 FAVOR ( M>KETS8 ,HE GAVE K9D ( A COMPLICAT$ >GUM5T = !M1 BUT AT ! CORE ( IT WAS ! IDEA ?AT IF Y\ HAD P]FECT LIB]TY1 M>KETS W\LD LEAD TO P]FECT EQUALITY--?AT'S :Y ,ADAM ,SMI? WAS 9 FAVOR ( M>KETS4 ,ADAM ,SMI? WAS 9 FAVOR ( M>KETS BECAUSE HE ?\<T ?AT PEOPLE \<T TO BE COMPLETELY EQUAL--COMPLETELY EQUAL--& ?AT WAS BECAUSE1 AS A CLASSICAL LIB]AL1 HE BELIEV$ ?AT PEOPLE'S FUNDAM5TAL *>ACT] 9VOLVES NOTIONS LIKE SYMPA?Y1 & SOLID>ITY1 ! RI<T TO CONTROL !IR [N WORK1 & SO ON & SO =?3 ALL ! EXACT OPPOSITE ( CAPITALISM4 

,9 FACT1 !RE >E NO TWO PO9TS ( VIEW MORE ANTI!TICAL ?AN CLASSICAL LIB]ALISM & CAPITALISM--& ?AT'S :Y :5 ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,*ICAGO PUBLI%ES A BIC5T5NIAL $ITION ( ,SMI?1 !Y HAVE TO DI/ORT ! TEXT 7:I* !Y DID73 BECAUSE AS A TRUE CLASSICAL LIB]AL1 ,SMI? WAS /RONGLY OPPOS$ TO ALL ( ! IDIOCY !Y N[ SP\T 9 HIS NAME4 

,SO IF Y\ READ ,GEORGE ,/IGL]'S 9TRODUCTION TO ! BIC5T5NIAL $ITION ( ,! ,WEAL? ( ,NATIONS--IT'S A BIG S*OL>LY $ITION1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,*ICAGO ,PRESS1 SO IT'S K9D ( 9T]E/+ TO LOOK AT--IT IS DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ TO ,SMI?'S TEXT ON PO9T AFT] PO9T4 ,SMI? IS FAM\S = :AT HE WROTE AB\T DIVISION ( LABOR3 HE'S SUPPOS$ TO HAVE ?\<T ?AT DIVISION ( LABOR WAS A GREAT ?+4 ,WELL1 HE DIDN'T3 HE ?\<T DIVISION ( LABOR WAS A T]RIBLE ?+--9 FACT1 HE SAID ?AT 9 ANY CIVILIZ$ SOCIETY1 ! GOV]NM5T IS GO+ TO HAVE TO 9T]V5E TO PREV5T DIVISION ( LABOR FROM SIMPLY DE/ROY+ PEOPLE4 ,OKAY1 N[ TAKE A LOOK AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,*ICAGO'S 9DEX 7Y\ KN[1 A DETAIL$ S*OL>LY 9DEX7 UND] 0DIVISION ( LABOR03 Y\ WON'T F9D AN 5TRY = ?AT PASSAGE--IT'S SIMPLY NOT !RE4 

,WELL1 ?AT'S REAL S*OL>%IP3 SUPPRESS ! FACTS TOTALLY1 PRES5T !M AS ! OPPOSITE ( :AT !Y >E1 & FIGURE1 0PROBABLY NOBODY'S GO+ TO READ TO PAGE #dgc ANYH[1 BECAUSE ,I DIDN'T40 ,I MEAN1 ASK ! GUYS :O $IT$ IT IF !Y EV] READ TO PAGE #d#g#c--ANSW]3 WELL1 !Y PROBABLY READ ! FIR/ P>AGRAPH1 !N SORT ( REMEMB]$ :AT !Y'D BE5 TAU<T 9 SOME COLLEGE C\RSE4 

,BUT ! PO9T IS1 = CLASSICAL LIB]ALS 9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 !RE WAS A C]TA9 CONCEPTION ( JU/ :AT HUMAN BE+S >E LIKE--NAMELY1 ?AT :AT K9D ( CREATURES !Y >E DEP5DS ON ! K9D ( WORK !Y DO1 & ! K9D ( CONTROL !Y HAVE OV] IT1 & !IR ABILITY TO ACT CREATIVELY & ACCORD+ TO !IR [N DECISIONS & *OICES4 ,& !RE WAS 9 FACT A LOT ( V]Y 9SI<TFUL COMM5T AB\T ?IS AT ! TIME4 

,SO = EXAMPLE1 ONE ( ! F\ND]S ( CLASSICAL LIB]ALISM1 ,WILHELM VON ,HUMBOLDT 7:O 9CID5TALLY IS V]Y ADMIR$ BY SO-CALL$ 0CONS]VATIVES0 TODAY1 BECAUSE !Y DON'T READ HIM71 PO9T$ \T ?AT IF A WORK] PRODUCES A BEAUTIFUL OBJECT ON COMM&1 Y\ MAY 0ADMIRE :AT ! WORK] DOES1 BUT Y\ WILL DESPISE :AT HE IS0--BECAUSE ?AT'S NOT REALLY BEHAV+ LIKE A HUMAN BE+1 IT'S JU/ BEHAV+ LIKE A MA*9E4 ,& ?AT CONCEPTION RUNS RI<T ?R\< CLASSICAL LIB]ALISM4 ,9 FACT1 EV5 HALF A C5TURY LAT]1 ,ALEXIS DE ,TOCQUEVILLE .<,FR5* POLITICIAN & WRIT].> PO9T$ \T ?AT Y\ CAN HAVE SY/EMS 9 :I* 0! >T ADVANCES & ! >TISAN REC$ES10 BUT ?AT'S 9HUMAN--BECAUSE :AT Y\'RE REALLY 9T]E/$ 9 IS ! >TISAN1 Y\'RE 9T]E/$ 9 PEOPLE1 & = PEOPLE TO HAVE ! OPPORTUNITY TO LIVE FULL & REW>D+ LIVES !Y HAVE TO BE 9 CONTROL ( :AT !Y DO1 EV5 IF ?AT HAPP5S TO BE ECONOMICALLY LESS EFFICI5T4 

,WELL1 OKAY--OBVI\SLY !RE'S JU/ BE5 A DRAMATIC *ANGE 9 9TELLECTUAL & CULTURAL ATTITUDES OV] ! PA/ C\PLE C5TURIES4 ,BUT ,I ?9K ?OSE CLASSICAL LIB]AL CONCEPTIONS N[ HAVE TO BE RECOV]$1 & ! IDEAS AT ! HE>T ( !M %\LD TAKE ROOT ON A MASS SCALE4 

,N[1 ! S\RCES ( P[] & AU?ORITY ?AT PEOPLE C\LD SEE 9 FRONT ( !IR EYES 9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY W]E QUITE DIFF]5T FROM ! ONES ?AT WE HAVE TODAY--BACK !N IT WAS ! FEUDAL SY/EM1 & ! ,*UR*1 & ! ABSOLUTI/ /ATE ?AT !Y W]E FOCUS$ ON2 !Y C\LDN'T SEE ! 9DU/RIAL CORPORATION1 BECAUSE IT DIDN'T EXI/ YET4 ,BUT IF Y\ TAKE ! BASIC CLASSICAL LIB]AL PR9CIPLES & APPLY !M TO ! MOD]N P]IOD1 ,I ?9K Y\ ACTUALLY COME PRETTY CLOSE TO ! PR9CIPLES ?AT ANIMAT$ REVOLUTION>Y ,B>CELONA 9 ! LATE #a#i#cS--TO :AT'S CALL$ 0AN>*OSYNDICALISM40 .<,AN>*OSYNDICALISM IS A =M ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM ?AT WAS PRACTIC$ BRIEFLY 9 REGIONS ( ,SPA9 DUR+ ITS REVOLUTION & CIVIL W> ( #a#i#c#f1 UNTIL IT WAS DE/ROY$ BY ! SIMULTANE\S EF=TS ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 ! ,WE/]N P[]S1 & ! ,FASCI/S4.> ,I ?9K ?AT'S AB\T AS HI< A LEVEL AS HUMANS HAVE YET A*IEV$ 9 TRY+ TO REALIZE !SE LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES1 :I* 9 MY VIEW >E ! RI<T ONES4 ,I MEAN1 ,I'M NOT SAY+ ?AT EV]Y?+ ?AT WAS DONE 9 ?AT REVOLUTION WAS RI<T1 BUT 9 ITS G5]AL SPIRIT & *>ACT]1 9 ! IDEA ( DEVELOP+ ! K9D ( SOCIETY ?AT ,ORWELL SAW & DESCRIB$ 9 ,I ?9K HIS GREATE/ WORK1 ,HOMAGE TO ,CATALONIA -- ) POPUL> CONTROL OV] ALL ! 9/ITUTIONS ( SOCIETY--OKAY1 ?AT'S ! RI<T DIRECTION 9 :I* TO MOVE1 ,I ?9K4 .< 444 .> 

,DEF5D+ ! ,WELF>E ,/ATE 

  

,W,O,M,A,N3 ,NOAM1 S9CE Y\'RE AN AN>*I/ & (T5 SAY ?AT Y\ OPPOSE ! EXI/5CE ( ! NATION-/ATE ITSELF & ?9K IT'S 9COMPATIBLE ) TRUE SOCIALISM1 DOES ?AT MAKE Y\ AT ALL RELUCTANT TO DEF5D WELF>E PROGRAMS & O!R SOCIAL S]VICES :I* >E N[ UND] ATTACK FROM ! RI<T W+1 & :I* ! RI<T W+ WANTS TO DISMANTLE8 

,WELL1 IT'S TRUE ?AT ! AN>*I/ VISION 9 JU/ AB\T ALL ITS V>IETIES HAS LOOK$ =W>D TO DISMANTL+ /ATE P[]--& P]SONALLY ,I %>E ?AT VISION4 ,BUT RI<T N[ IT RUNS DIRECTLY C\NT] TO MY GOALS3 MY IMM$IATE GOALS HAVE BE51 & N[ V]Y MU* >E1 TO DEF5D & EV5 /R5G!N C]TA9 ELEM5TS ( /ATE AU?ORITY ?AT >E N[ UND] SEV]E ATTACK4 ,& ,I DON'T ?9K !RE'S ANY CONTRADICTION !RE--NONE AT ALL1 REALLY4 

,= EXAMPLE1 TAKE ! SO-CALL$ WELF>E /ATE4 ,:AT'S CALL$ ! 0WELF>E /ATE0 IS ESS5TIALLY A RECOGNITION ?AT EV]Y *ILD HAS A RI<T TO HAVE FOOD1 & TO HAVE HEAL? C>E & SO ON--& AS ,I'VE BE5 SAY+1 ?OSE PROGRAMS W]E SET UP 9 ! NATION-/ATE SY/EM AFT] A C5TURY ( V]Y H>D /RUGGLE1 BY ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 & ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 & SO ON4 ,WELL1 ACCORD+ TO ! NEW SPIRIT ( ! AGE1 9 ! CASE ( A F\RTE5-YE>-OLD GIRL :O GOT RAP$ & HAS A *ILD1 H] *ILD HAS TO LE>N 0P]SONAL RESPONSIBILITY0 BY NOT ACCEPT+ /ATE WELF>E H&\TS1 MEAN+1 BY NOT HAV+ 5\< TO EAT4 ,ALRI<T1 ,I DON'T AGREE ) ?AT AT ANY LEVEL4 ,9 FACT1 ,I ?9K IT'S GROTESQUE AT ANY LEVEL4 ,I ?9K ?OSE *ILDR5 %\LD BE SAV$4 ,& 9 TODAY'S WORLD1 ?AT'S GO+ TO HAVE TO 9VOLVE WORK+ ?R\< ! /ATE SY/EM2 IT'S NOT ! ONLY CASE4 

,SO DESPITE ! AN>*I/ 0VISION10 ,I ?9K ASPECTS ( ! /ATE SY/EM1 LIKE ! ONE ?AT MAKES SURE *ILDR5 EAT1 HAVE TO BE DEF5D$--9 FACT1 DEF5D$ V]Y VIGOR\SLY4 ,& GIV5 ! ACCEL]AT+ EF=T ?AT'S BE+ MADE !SE DAYS TO ROLL BACK ! VICTORIES = JU/ICE & HUMAN RI<TS :I* HAVE BE5 WON ?R\< LONG & (T5 EXTREMELY BITT] /RUGGLES 9 ! ,WE/1 9 MY OP9ION ! IMM$IATE GOAL ( EV5 COMMITT$ AN>*I/S %\LD BE TO DEF5D SOME /ATE 9/ITUTIONS1 :ILE HELP+ TO PRY !M OP5 TO MORE MEAN+FUL PUBLIC P>TICIPATION1 & ULTIMATELY TO DISMANTLE !M 9 A MU* MORE FREE SOCIETY4 

,!RE >E PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ( TOMORR[ ON :I* PEOPLE'S LIVES V]Y MU* DEP5D1 & :ILE DEF5D+ !SE K9DS ( PROGRAMS IS BY NO MEANS ! ULTIMATE 5D WE %\LD BE PURSU+1 9 MY VIEW WE /ILL HAVE TO FACE ! PROBLEMS ?AT >E RI<T ON ! HORIZON1 & :I* S]I\SLY AFFECT HUMAN LIVES4 ,I DON'T ?9K ?OSE ?+S CAN SIMPLY BE =GOTT5 BECAUSE !Y MI<T NOT FIT )9 SOME RADICAL SLOGAN ?AT REFLECTS A DEEP] VISION ( A FUTURE SOCIETY4 ,! DEEP] VISIONS %\LD BE MA9TA9$1 !Y'RE IMPORTANT--BUT DISMANTL+ ! /ATE SY/EM IS A GOAL ?AT'S A LOT F>!R AWAY1 & Y\ WANT TO DEAL FIR/ ) :AT'S AT H& & NE>BY1 ,I ?9K4 ,& 9 ANY REALI/IC P]SPECTIVE1 ! POLITICAL SY/EM1 ) ALL ITS FLAWS1 DOES HAVE OPPORTUNITIES = P>TICIPATION BY ! G5]AL POPULATION :I* O!R EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS1 SU* AS CORPORATIONS1 DON'T HAVE4 ,9 FACT1 ?AT'S EXACTLY :Y ! F> RI<T WANTS TO WEAK5 GOV]NM5TAL /RUCTURES--BECAUSE IF Y\ CAN MAKE SURE ?AT ALL ! KEY DECISIONS >E 9 ! H&S ( ,MICROS(T & ,G5]AL ,ELECTRIC & ,RAY!ON1 !N Y\ DON'T HAVE TO WORRY ANYMORE AB\T ! ?REAT ( POPUL> 9VOLVEM5T 9 POLICY-MAK+4 

,SO TAKE SOME?+ ?AT'S BE5 HAPP5+ 9 REC5T YE>S3 DEVOLUTION--?AT IS1 REMOV+ AU?ORITY FROM ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T D[N TO ! /ATE GOV]NM5TS4 ,WELL1 9 SOME CIRCUM/ANCES1 ?AT W\LD BE A DEMOCRATIZ+ MOVE :I* ,I W\LD BE 9 FAVOR (--IT W\LD BE A MOVE AWAY FROM C5TRAL AU?ORITY D[N TO LOCAL AU?ORITY4 ,BUT ?AT'S 9 AB/RACT CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT DON'T EXI/4 ,RI<T N[ IT'LL HAPP5 BECAUSE MOV+ DECISION-MAK+ P[] D[N TO ! /ATE LEVEL 9 FACT MEANS H&+ IT OV] TO PRIVATE P[]4 ,SEE1 HUGE CORPORATIONS CAN 9FLU5CE & DOM9ATE ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T1 BUT EV5 MIDDLE-SIZ$ CORPORATIONS CAN 9FLU5CE /ATE GOV]NM5TS & PLAY ONE /ATE'S WORK=CE (F AGA9/ ANO!R'S BY ?REAT5+ TO MOVE PRODUCTION ELSE:]E UNLESS !Y GET BETT] TAX BREAKS & SO ON4 ,SO UND] ! CONDITIONS ( EXI/+ SY/EMS ( P[]1 DEVOLUTION IS V]Y ANTIDEMOCRATIC2 UND] O!R SY/EMS ( MU* GREAT] EQUALITY1 DEVOLUTION C\LD BE HI<LY DEMOCRATIC--BUT !SE >E QUE/IONS :I* REALLY CAN'T BE DISCUSS$ 9 ISOLATION FROM ! SOCIETY AS IT ACTUALLY EXI/S4 

,SO ,I ?9K ?AT IT'S COMPLETELY REALI/IC & RATIONAL TO WORK )9 /RUCTURES TO :I* Y\ >E OPPOS$1 BECAUSE BY DO+ SO Y\ CAN HELP TO MOVE TO A SITUATION :]E !N Y\ CAN *ALL5GE ?OSE /RUCTURES4 

,LET ME JU/ GIVE Y\ AN ANALOGY4 ,I DON'T LIKE TO HAVE >M$ POLICE EV]Y:]E1 ,I ?9K IT'S A BAD IDEA4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 A NUMB] ( YE>S AGO :5 ,I HAD LITTLE KIDS1 !RE WAS A RABID RACCOON RUNN+ >\ND \R NEI<BORHOOD BIT+ *ILDR54 ,WELL1 WE TRI$ V>I\S WAYS ( GETT+ RID ( IT--Y\ KN[1 0,HAVE-A-,HE>T0 ANIMAL TRAPS1 ALL ?IS K9D ( /UFF--BUT NO?+ WORK$4 ,SO F9ALLY WE JU/ CALL$ ! POLICE & HAD !M DO IT3 IT WAS BETT] ?AN HAV+ ! KIDS BITT5 BY A RABID RACCOON1 RI<T8 ,IS !RE A CONTRADICTION !RE8 ,NO3 9 P>TICUL> CIRCUM/ANCES1 Y\ SOMETIMES HAVE TO ACCEPT & USE ILLEGITIMATE /RUCTURES4 

,WELL1 WE HAPP5 TO HAVE A HUGE RABID RACCOON RUNN+ >\ND--IT'S CALL$ CORPORATIONS4 ,& !RE IS NO?+ 9 ! SOCIETY RI<T N[ ?AT CAN PROTECT PEOPLE FROM ?AT TYRANNY1 EXCEPT ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T4 ,N[1 IT DOESN'T PROTECT !M V]Y WELL1 BECAUSE MO/LY IT'S RUN BY ! CORPORATIONS1 BUT /ILL IT DOES HAVE SOME LIMIT$ EFFECT--IT CAN 5=CE REGULATORY MEASURES UND] PUBLIC PRESSURE1 LET'S SAY1 IT CAN R$UCE DANG]\S TOXIC WA/E DISPOSAL1 IT CAN SET M9IMAL /&>DS ON HEAL? C>E1 & SO ON4 ,9 FACT1 IT HAS V>I\S ?+S ?AT IT CAN DO TO IMPROVE ! SITUATION :5 !RE'S ?IS HUGE RABID RACCOON DOM9AT+ ! PLACE4 ,SO1 F9E1 ,I ?9K WE \<T TO GET IT TO DO ! ?+S IT CAN DO--IF Y\ CAN GET RID ( ! RACCOON1 GREAT1 !N LET'S DISMANTLE ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T4 ,BUT TO SAY1 0,OKAY1 LET'S JU/ GET RID ( ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T AS SOON AS WE POSSIBLY CAN10 & !N LET ! PRIVATE TYRANNIES TAKE OV] EV]Y?+--,I MEAN1 = AN AN>*I/ TO ADVOCATE ?AT IS JU/ \TL&I%1 9 MY OP9ION4 ,SO ,I REALLY DON'T SEE ANY CONTRADICTION AT ALL H]E4 

,SUPPORT+ !SE ASPECTS ( ! GOV]NM5TAL /RUCTURES JU/ SEEMS TO ME TO BE P>T ( A WILL+NESS TO FACE SOME ( ! COMPLEXITIES ( LIFE = :AT !Y >E--& ! COMPLEXITIES ( LIFE 9CLUDE ! FACT ?AT !RE >E A LOT ( UGLY ?+S \T !RE1 & IF Y\ C>E AB\T ! FACT ?AT SOME KID 9 D[NT[N ,BO/ON IS />V+1 OR ?AT SOME POOR P]SON CAN'T GET ADEQUATE M$ICAL C>E1 OR ?AT SOMEBODY'S GO+ TO P\R TOXIC WA/E 9 Y\R BACKY>D1 OR ANY?+ AT ALL LIKE ?AT1 WELL1 !N Y\ TRY TO /OP IT4 ,& !RE'S ONLY ONE 9/ITUTION >\ND RI<T N[ ?AT CAN /OP IT4 ,IF Y\ JU/ WANT TO BE PURE & SAY1 0,I'M AGA9/ P[]1 P]IOD10 WELL1 OKAY1 SAY1 0,I'M AGA9/ ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T40 ,BUT ?AT'S JU/ TO DIVORCE Y\RSELF FROM ANY HUMAN CONC]NS1 9 MY VIEW4 ,& ,I DON'T ?9K ?AT'S A REASONABLE /ANCE = AN>*I/S OR ANYONE ELSE TO TAKE4 

,! NOTE REF]5CES 9 ?IS *APT] W]E LEFT 9TACT TO MAT* ! ORIG9AL NOTE NUMB]+4 ,! $ITORS' EXPLANATORY NOTES CAN BE F\ND ONL9E AT UND]/&+P[]4COM_/*AP#f4HTM4 

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