,BOOK #b1 ,*APT] #d 
,ACC\NTS :I* >E GIV5 ( ! ,POPULATION ( ,SW$5 

#ahbahb 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,GODW91 ,WILLIAM4 ,( ,POPULATION4 ,LONDON3 ,LONGMAN1 ,HUR/1 ,REES1 ,ORME & ,BR[N1 ,PAT]NO/] ,R[1 #a#h#b4 

  
  
,*,A,P,T,] ,I,V4 

  
  
  
,A,C,C,\,N,T,S ,:,I,* ,>,E ,G,I,V,5 ,( ,! ,P,O,P,U,L,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,S,W,$,54 

  

,H,A,V,+ ?US DELIV]$ :AT MAY P]HAPS BE F\ND TO BE ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE ( \R SUBJECT1 WE MAY PR(ITABLY PROCE$ TO ! EXAM9ATION ( SU* DOCUM5TS1 AS ! ASSIDUITY ( POLITICAL GOV]NORS1 OR ! 9DU/RY ( AU?ORS :O HAVE = :ATEV] REASON CONC]N$ !MSELVES ) ! NUMB]S ( MANK9D1 HAS COLLECT$ ON ! SUBJECT ( ! POPUL\SNESS ( NATIONS4 

,IT WILL BE CLE> FROM :AT HAS BE5 SAID1 ?AT TABLES ( POPULATION = ANY V]Y LIMIT$ P]IOD1 :I* DO NOT DI/+UI% ! SEXES & ! DIFF]5T AGES ( ! 9HABITANTS ( A C\NTRY1 >E ABSOLUTELY ( NO USE 9 DET]M9+ ! QUE/ION ( ! P[]1 G5]ALLY1 OR 9 ANY P>TICUL> CASE1 ( PROGRESSIVE 9CREASE 9 ! NUMB]S ( MANK9D1 ,! TWO 5UM]ATIONS !RE=E1 :I* W]E MADE ( ! PEOPLE ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 9 #aha & #a#h#a#a1 >E M]ELY SO MU* LABOR ?R[N AWAY4 

,HAV+ TAK5 SOME PA9S TO LOOK ?R\< ALL ?AT IS KN[N ( ! POPULATION ( C\NTRIES1 ,I CAN F9D NO?+ ?AT AF=DS A *ANCE ( REASONABLE SATISFACTION1 EXCEPT ! ACC\NTS :I* HAVE BE5 PUBLI%$ ( ! POPULATION ( ,SW$54 ,TO !M !RE=E = ! PRES5T ,I %ALL P>TICUL>LY DIRECT MY ATT5TION4 

,SW$5 IS A REGIO P5E TOTO DIVISA ORBE4 ,IT RECEIVES FEW EMIGRANTS1 & S5DS =? FEW COLONIES4 ,9 ! P]IOD TO :I* ! ACC\NTS RELATE ?AT ,I AM AB\T TO PRODUCE1 ?IS K+DOM HAS 5JOY$ A GREAT PORTION ( 9T]NAL TRANQUILITY2 &1 AS WILL MORE FULLY APPE> 9 ! SEQUEL1 HAS POSSESS$ ALMO/ EV]Y IMAG9ABLE ADVANTAGE = ! 9CREASE ( ITS 9HABITANTS BY DIRECT PROCREATION4 

,( ! PEOPLE ( ,SW$5 ,I F9D AN ACC\NT TO HAVE BE5 TAK51 FROM ?REE YE>S TO ?REE YE>S1 9 ! 5LI<T5$ MANN] ABOVE SUGGE/$1 ?AT IS1 UND] SEP>ATE HEADS AS TO SEX & AGE1 FROM ! YE> #a#g#e#a1 TO1 #a BELIEVE1 ! YE> #a#g#g#e4 ,FROM ?AT P]IOD IT HAS BE5 CONT9U$ TO ! PRES5T TIME1 ) AN 9T]VAL ( FIVE YE>S BETWE5 EA* 5UM]ATION4 

,! COLLECTORS ( ! ,SW$I% 5UM]ATIONS HAVE FUR!R PRES5T$ US ) ,TABLES ( ! ANNUAL BIR?S1 M>RIAGES & DEA?S2 & HAVE EV51 9 TWO 9/ANCES1 PROCE$$ TO COMP>E ! POPULATION AS IT IS1 ) ! POPULATION AS IT \<T TO BE3 ?US1 

,= ! YE> #a#g#h4 

,\<T TO BE ---------------- #b1#g#h1#c#c#d1 

,IS-------------------------------#b1#g#h#b1#a#f#h 

,& AGA9 = #a#g#i#e4 

,\<T TO BE ------------------#c1#g#h1#c#h 

,IS -------------------------------#c1#d#c1#g#c#aA4 

,N[ ! UPP] L9E 9 EA* ( !SE EXAMPLES1 ,I CONCEIVE1 CAN MEAN NO?+ ELSE1 ?AN ?AT1 IF WE ADD ! REPORT ( ! 9T]M$IATE BIR?S TO ! PREC$+ 5UM]ATION1 & SUBTRACT ! 9T]M$IATE DEA?S1 ! RESULT \<T TO BE AS H]E /AT$4 ,IF ?IS BE ! CASE1 IT IS C]TA9LY WOR?Y ( REM>K1 H[ NE> ! COMPUTATORY & ! ACTUAL 5UM]ATIONS COME TO EA* O!R1 & CONSEQU5TLY H[ HI< A DEGREE ( CR$IT IS DUE -TO ! ,SW$I% ,TABLES4 

,A 
JUDICI\S AB/RACT ( ! 9=MATION !N EXI/+ ON ! SUBJECT1 WAS 
PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,SW$I% LANGUAGE1 9 ! ,MEMOIRS ( ! ,ROYAL ,AEADEMY ( ,SCI5CES AT ,/OCKHOLM = ! ,YE> #a#g#f#f1 BY ,MR4 
,PET] ,W>G5T91 SECRET>Y TO ?AT 9/ITUTION4 
,A CONT9UATION ( ,MR4 ,W>G5T9'S PAP] HAS APPE>$1 
BUT SOME:AT IRREGUL>LY1 9 ! SUBSEQU5T VOLUMES ( ! SAME COLLECTION4 ,I 
WILL SET \T ) EXHIBIT+ AN AMPLE SPECIM5 ( !SE ,TABLES ( POPULATION4B 

,T,A,B,L,E ,I4 

,CONTA9+ AN ,AB/RACT ( ! ,BILLS ( ,MORTALITY 

,= ! ,YE>S #a#g#e#e1 #a#g#e#f1 & #ageg & A 

,SUMM>Y ( ! ,5UM]ATION = #ageg 

,ANNUAL ,DEA?S1 BE+ AN ,AV]AGE ( ,DEA?S DUR+ ! ,YE>S #a#g#e#e1 #a#g#e#f1 #ageg 
  
  
  

,NUMB] ( ,LIV+ 9 #ageg 
  
  
  

  
  
  

,MALES 
  
 ,FEM 
  
  
  

  
  
  

,MALES 
  
  
  

,FEMALES 
  
  
  

,/ILL-BORN 

,DI$ UND] #a YE> 

,BETWE5 #a-#e 

#c-#e 

#e-#a 

#a-#a#e 

#a#e-#b 

#b-#b#e 

#b#e-#c 

#c-#c#e 

#c#e-#d 

#d-#d#e 

#d#e-#e 

#e-#e#e 

#e#e-#f 

#f-#f#e 

#f#e-#g 

#g-#g#e 

#g#e-#h 

#h-#h#e 

#h#e-#i 

,UPW>DS ( #i 
  
  
  

#aca 

#a$b 

#*hd 

#aibb 

#afci 

#gci 

#fce 

#hbf 

#hde 

#ii 

#hai 

#aab 

#hii 

#ai 

#aab 

#abad 

#abbb 

#aci 

#aef 

#gcc 

#dab 

#bd 

  
  
  

#ie 

#icdh 

#dbg 

#ah 

#aeff 

#gaf 

#fg 

#gaf 

#hcf 

#aad 

#geg 

#ifi 

#ggd 

#ida 

#aa 

#adha 

#afic 

#bi 

#aeic 

#abdd 

#fgc 

#dg 
  
  
  

,BORN 

,UND] #a YE> 

,BETWE5 #a-#e 

#c-#e 

#e-#a 

#a-#a#e 

#a#e-#b 

#b-#b#e 

#b#e-#c 

#c-#c#e 

#c#e-#d 

#d-#d#e 

#d#e-#e 

#e-#e#e 

#e#e-#f 

#f-#f#e 

#f#e-#g 

#g-#g#e 

#g#e-#h 

#h-#h#e 

#h#e-#i 

,UPW>DS ( #i 
  
  
  

#ddgie 

#ccgca 

#fci$ 

#fd* 

#abcihd 

#aadff 

#iec$ 

#iadf 

#hfidg 

#hbgaf 

#fheaf 

#ehii 

#efeh 

#dce 

#ciia 

#bheeg 

#bbbic 

#afci 

#ibcf 

#df 

#afi 

#ehc 
  
  
  

#dbiii 

#ccdei 

#fdhhc 

#f$e 

#abeage 

#aadbc 

#ahg 

#adhgc 

#ii<a 

#ihh 

#geefc 

#f$dc 

#ehafb 

#eaigc 

#dheii 

#cieh 

#cceei 

#bdiac 

#adfgi 

#f<f 

#bicb 

#abf 
  
  
  

  
  
  

#ccac 
  
  
  

#cdbfi 
  
  
  

,MALES 

,FEMALES 
  
  
  

#aabaeie 

#abbaf 
  
  
  

#abbaf 
  
  
  

  
  
  

  
  
  

  
  
  

,TOTAL 
  
  
  

#bcbcaie 
  
  
  

  
  

,TABLE ,I,I4 

,AV]AGE ,DEA?S DUR+ ! ,YE>S #a#g#e#h1 #a#g#e#i1 #agf 
  
  
  

,NUMB] ( ,LIV+ 9 #agf 
  
  
  

  
  
  

,MALES 
  
  
  

,FEM 
  
  
  

  
  
  

,MALES 
  
  
  

,FEMALES 
  
  
  

,/ILL-BORN 

,DI$ UND] #a YE> 

,BETWE5 #a-#e 

#c-#e 

#e-#a 

#a-#a#e 

#a#e-#b 

#b-#b#e 

#b#e-#c 

#c-#c#e 

#c#e-#d 

#d-#d#e 

#d#e-#e 

#e-#e#e 

#e#e-#f 

#f-#f#e 

#f#e-#g 

#g-#g#e 

#g#e-#h 

#h-#h#e 

#h#e-#i 

,UPW>DS ( #i 
  
  
  

#aahc 

#ibci 

#cb 

#a$i 

#afe 

#gcf 

#f< 

#hfb 

#icb 

#ab 

#ieg 

#aae 

#aaf 

#abea 

#ac< 

#ada 

#acf 

#adcb 

#aahg 

#hdf 

#da 

#bbc 
  
  
  

#ci 

#g<i 

#bhfa 

#adhb 

#adce 

#fia 

#fci 

#ggb 

#ieg 

#aaea 

#iah 

#aahd 

#ii 

#aafg 

#acg 

#agdi 

#gf 

#bbge 

#ahbe 

#acda 

#ffi 

#cib 
  
  
  

,BORN 

,UND] #a YE> 

,BETWE5 #a-#e 

#c-#e 

#e-#a 

#a-#a#e 

#a#e-#b 

#b-#b#e 

#b#e-#c 

#c-#c#e 

#c#e-#d 

#d-#d#e 

#d#e-#e 

#e-#e#e 

#e#e-#f 

#f-#f#e 

#f#e-#g 

#g-#g#e 

#g#e-#h 

#h-#h#e 

#h#e-#i 

,UPW>DS ( #i 
  
  
  

#ddagd 

#cgcbc 

#ffcd 

#fehbh 

#abhfbg 

#abaebe 

#igfba 

#hhgeb 

#hea 

#hadcc 

#gggc 

#faaeh 

#eadg 

#d*ig 

#cgbbd 

#hbcbi 

#bad* 

#aeab 

#iif 

#dah 

#aeac 

#eee 
  
  
  

#db*a 

#cgbgb 

#ffhf 

#ffibc 

#abiccb 

#aaiead 

#aafcc 

#acfac 

#afad 

#iba$ 

#giff 

#fhfde 

#eihhi 

#eahgb 

#dfdb 

#dbfdg 

#cafi 

#bebii 

#adbfe 

#g*g 

#bega 

#aai 
  
  
  

  
  
  

#cbceg 
  
  
  

#ccc$ 
  
  
  

,MALES 

,FEMALES 
  
  
  

#aabaec 

#abdf$e 
  
  
  

#abdf$e 
  
  
  

  
  
  

  
  
  

  
  
  

,TOTAL 
  
  
  

#bcfgeih 
  
  
  

  
  

,T,A,B,L,E ,I,I,I 

,AV]AGE ,DEA?S DUR+ ! ,YE>S #a#g#f#a1 #a#g#f#b1 #agfc 
  
  
  

,NUMB] ( ,LIV+ 9 #agfc 
  
  

  

  
  
  

,MALES 
  
  
  

,FEM 
  
  
  

  
  
  

,MALES 
  
  
  

,FEMALES 
  
  
  

,/ILL-BORN 

,DI$ UND] #a YE> 

,BETWE5 #a-#e 

#c-#e 

#e-#a 

#a-#a#e 

#a#e-#b 

#b-#b#e 

#b#e-#c 

#c-#c#e 

#c#e-#d 

#d-#d#e 

#d#e-#e 

#e-#e#e 

#e#e-#f 

#f-#f#e 

#f#e-#g 

#g-#g#e 

#g#e-#h 

#h-#h#e 

#h#e-#i 

,UPW>DS ( #i 
  
  
  

#acbd 

#aaagb 

#dcic 

#bbf 

#baea 

#icc 

#gaa 

#hcd 

#hhc 

#ab 

#iee 

#aah 

#aii 

#abh 

#aagg 

#aehf 

#abcg 

#acbb 

#aib 

#iag 

#dad 

#bae 
  
  
  

#ihh 

#ihe 

#dccf 

#bbdi 

#beg 

#hcd 

#feh 

#gef 

#hfc 

#aadf 

#ibc 

#aag 

#i* 

#aaac 

#aig 

#agba 

#aeff 

#bda 

#afie 

#addf 

#fe 

#cgi 
  
  
  

,BORN 

,UND] #a YE> 

,BETWE5 #a-#e 

#c-#e 

#e-#a 

#a-#a#e 

#a#e-#b 

#b-#b#e 

#b#e-#c 

#c-#c#e 

#c#e-#d 

#d-#d#e 

#d#e-#e 

#e-#e#e 

#e#e-#f 

#f-#f#e 

#f#e-#g 

#g-#g#e 

#g#e-#h 

#h-#h#e 

#h#e-#i 

,UPW>DS ( #i 
  
  
  

#dehib 

#cfid 

#ffei 

#ffd$ 

#acai 

#abffif 

#ahcab 

#ibbii 

#hhef 

#heicf 

#gdhbf 

#fgddh 

#ebcih 

#dgbih 

#c<f 

#cdhib 

#bfdi 

#a$$ 

#hheh 

#dfb 

#aeh 

#ebg 
  
  
  

#dcid 

#c$ec 

#fgbcd 

#fggaa 

#acgeh 

#abhba 

#aiihe 

#aeaae 

#aac 

#iehaa 

#hadec 

#gdh$ 

#eieea 

#effdf 

#deecg 

#ddibe 

#bhifd 

#bcaei 

#aceef 

#gdhg 

#bfid 

#ihh 
  
  
  

  
  
  

#cfggg 
  
  
  

#cgdhh 
  
  
  

,MALES 

,FEMALES 
  
  
  

#aaf$hi 

#abhie 
  
  
  

#abhie 
  
  
  

  
  
  

  
  
  

  
  
  

,TOTAL 
  
  
  

#bddfcid 
  
  
  

  
  

,T,A,B,L,E ,I,V 

,ACC\NT 
( ! ,BIR?S1 ,M>RIAGES1 & ,DEA?S 9 ! ,K+DOM ( ,SW$5 = ,FIFTE5 
,YE>S4 

  

,YE>S 
  
  
  

,BIR?S 
  
  
  

,M>RIAGES 
  
  
  

,DEA?S 
  
  
  

#agdi 

#age 

#agea 

#ageb 

#agec 

#ag$ 

#agee 

#agef 

#ageg 

#ageh 

#agei 

#agf 

#agfa 

#agfb 

#agfc 
  
  
  

#gfgff 

#hbcf 

#hicda 

#hdaa 

#hddf 

#iba 

#iagfg 

#higci 

#hah< 

#hcbii 

#heegi 

#ifce 

#ige 

#hiafb 

#iaeb 
  
  
  

#aide 

#bibg 

#bacce 

#bibb 

#bhi 

#baiid 

#badgb 

#bg 

#ahgii 

#aidhd 

#bcba 

#bc*c 

#bbdba 

#badfg 

#bibg 
  
  
  

#fagdhc 

#ehici 

#egffc 

#fdef 

#$igg 

#fdgae 

#fdihb 

#fiafa 

#fhcd 

#gdcg 

#fbffb 

#fhc 

#fcahc 

#gdeb 

#heic 
  
  

,T,A,B,L,E ,V 

,5UM]ATIONS ( ! ,PEOPLE ( ,SW$5 = #ah & #ahe 

  

#ah 
  
  
  

#ahe 
  
  
  

  
  
  

,MALES 
  
  
  

,FEM 
  
  
  

,MALES 
  
  
  

,FEM 
  
  
  

,UND] #a ,YE> 

,BETWE5 #a @&#c 

#c-#e 

#e-#a 

#a-#a#e 

#a#e-#b 

#b-#b#e 

#b#e-#c 

#c-#c#e 

#c#e-#d 

#d-#d#e 

#d#e-#e 

#e-#e#e 

#e#e-#f 

#f-#f#e 

#f#e-#g 

#g-#g#e 

#g#e-#h 

#h-#h#e 

#h#e-#i 

TO #ie 

#a 

#a#a1#b1#c 

#ad 

#f 

#h 
  
  
  

#d#a1#e#a#e 

#h#c1#i#c 

#h#f1#e#c#f 

#a#f#g1#g#i#e 

#a#e#d1#d#e#c 

#a#c#g1#i#g#b 

#a#c1#e#e#b 

#a#a#c1#d#g 

#a#i1#f#d#i 

#a1#e#b 

#i#c1#d#d#b 

#h#a1#g#c 

#f#h1#h#e#f 

#e#b1#b#b#a 

#d#a1#h#h#a 

#c#a1#i#f#a 

#b1#g#f#h 

#a1#f#f#g 

#d1#h#g 

#a1#a#e#a 

#bac 
  
  
  

#d1#d#b#d 

#h#d1#b#e#c 

#h#g1#c#e#b 

#a#f#h1#c#a#f 

#a#e#c1#c#i#b 

#a#d#b1#b#i#b 

#a#d#a1#i#a#d 

#a#b#e1#e#i 

#a#b1#a#c#d 

#a#a1#c#b 

#a#a1#e#i#g 

#i#a1#b#d#d 

#g#g1#i#h 

#f#a1#f#f 

#e#a1#d#h 

#d#a1#a#b#e 

#b#g1#g#h#g 

#a#e1#i 

#f1#b#d#i 

#a1#h#h#d 

#dbd 
  
  
  

#d#g1#f#h#h 

#h#g1#c#g#c 

#h#c1#c#h#g 

#a#g#d1#c#c#b 

#a#f#i1#e#d 

#a#d#c1#b#c#b 

#a#c#d1#e#a#h 

#a#b#g1#e#c 

#a#h1#a#e#b 

#a1#g#a#d 

#i#e1#g#d#c 

#h#b1#i#f#h 

#g#e1#d#f 

#e#f1#i#e#c 

#d#c1#h#h#h 

#b#i1#i#f#e 

#b#a1#a#f#g 

#a#a1#c#g#b 

#d1#h#b#g 

#a1#b#h 

#bgc 

#de 

#e 

#a 

  
  
  

#d#g1#d#a#c 

#h#h1#i#h#b 

#h#d1#f#g#b 

#a#g#d1#g#c#f 

#a#f#h1#e#b#i 

#a#d#g1#e#h#b 

#a#d#d1#d#c#b 

#a#c#e1#e#h#c 

#a#a#h1#g#f 

#a#a#b1#b#a#b 

#a#f1#e#g 

#i#b1#g#g#i 

#h#d1#f#h 

#f#g1#c#b 

#e#b1#d#i#i 

#c#i1#g#h#e 

#b#i1#d#i#d 

#a#f1#c#d#e 

#g1#c#i#f 

#b1#i#e 

#dcg 

#ff 

#f 

#b 

#a 

#a 
  
  
  

  
  
  

#a1#e#c#b1#h#d#i 
  
  
  

#a1#f#d#i1#b#h#c 
  
  
  

#a1#e#i#i1#d#h#g 
  
  
  

#a1#g#b#a1#a#f 
  
  
  

                       
 #c1#a#h#b1#a#c#b 
  
  
  

#c1#c#b1#f#d#g 
  
  

,T,A,B,L,E ,V,I 

,POPULATION ( ! ,DIOCESE ( ,UPSAL4 

  

  
  
  

,NUMB] ( ! ,LIV+ 
  
  
  

  
  
  

  
  
  

  
  
  

,UNM>RI$ ABOVE #ae 
  
  
  

,UND] #ae 
  
  
  

  
  
  

,YE> 
  
  
  

,MALES 
  
  
  

,FEM 
  
  
  

,TOTAL 
  
  
  

,SUBSI/+ 

,M>RIAGES 
  
  
  

,WID[]S 
  
  
  

,WID[S 
  
  
  

,MALES 
  
  
  

,FEM 
  
  
  

,MALES 
  
  
  

,FEM 
  
  
  

,H\SEHOLDS 
  
  
  

#agdi 

#ageb 

#agee 

#agf 

#agfc 

#agff 

#agfi 

#aggb 

#aggc 
  
  
  

#iec 

#icdda 

#igcee 

#ieiff 

#iiicc 

#abidi 

#adhbd 

#aeefd 

#aiihi 
  
  
  

#aeibf 

#ahgeb 

#aaidi 

#aac*d 

#aadaab 

#aageg 

#aahfga 

#aaiha 

#aafgbe 
  
  
  

#aifdbi 

#bbaic 

#bhcd 

#bice 

#badde 

#bbf 

#bbcdie 

#bbdfde 

#bbgad 
  
  
  

#cfbgi 

#cgdgd 

#*hgb 

#*hea 

#ddib 

#dabgc 

#dbee 

#dafeb 

#dfhb 
  
  
  

#bhc 

#age 

#bee 

#badh 

#bbbh 

#bcbh 

#baeh 

#bfga 

#caea 
  
  
  

#aahdh 

#aaggd 

#aaecg 

#abfba 

#aahgd 

#abbfg 

#abbb 

#ab*a 

#abci 
  
  
  

#baei 

#ba*a 

#bbbcb 

#bagbf 

#bahbf 

#bcd* 

#bdefd 

#b$ee 

#behbf 
  
  
  

#behah 

#bgdcb 

#bgbi 

#bgcbe 

#bfiba 

#b<bg 

#bhaci 

#bhihi 

#bicc 
  
  
  

#cafe 

#cbcfd 

#ccfeb 

#ccfbi 

#befc 

#ceib 

#cfgi 

#cegib 

#cdceg 
  
  
  

#cadab 

#cb$d 

#c*gd 

#dcaii 

#cea$ 

#cefhh 

#cfbdb 

#cfec 

#cdf$ 
  
  
  

#bidid 

#bhad 

#big 

#bibfb 

#cefh 

#ccdag 

#ccfhh 

#cceh 

#cbidd 
  
  

,T,A,B,L,E ,V,I,I4 

,A ,G5]AL ,VIEW ( ! ,9CREASE ( ! ,POPULATION ( ,SW$5 

  

,YE>S 
  
  
  

,POPULATION 
  
  
  

,9T]VAL 
  
  
  

,9CREASE 
  
  
  

,PROPORTION 
  
  
  

#agea 

#ageg 

#agf 

#agfc 

#agge 

#a< 

#agie 

#ah 

#ahe 

OR )\T ,F9L& 

#ahe 

#aha 

#ahae 
  
  
  

#b1#b#b#i1#f#a#a 

#b1#c#b#c1#a#i#e 

#b1#c#f#g1#e#i#h 

#b1#d#d#f1#c#i#d 

#b1#f#c1#i#i#b 

#b1#g#h#b1#a#f#h 

#c1#a#c1#g#c#a 

#c1#a#h#b1#a#c#b 

#c1#c#b1#f#d#g 

#b1#d#b#d1#h#g#d 

#b1#c#g#g1#h#e#a 

#b1#d#f#e1#f#f 
  
  
  

#f YE>S 

#c YE>S 

#c YE>S 

#ab YE>S 

#e YE>S 

#ae YE>S 

#e YE>S 

#e YE>S 

#e YE>S 

#e YE>S 
  
  
  

#i#c1#e#c#d 

#d#d1#d#c 

#g#h1#g#i#f 

#a#h#d1#e#i#h 

#a#e#a1#a#g#f 

#b#f#a1#e#f#c 

#a#c#h1#d#a 

#a#c#h1#e#a#e 

,DIM9UTION 

#h#g1#b#a#e 
  
  
  

#a_/#b#d 

#a_/#c#b 

#a_/#c 

#a_/#a#c 

#a_/#a 

#a_/#a 

#a_/#b#b 

#a_/#b#c 

#a_/#b#g 
  
  

,TOTAL ,9CREASE 9 #$ YE>S1 FROM #agea TO #a#h#e1 

#a1#i#a1#a#f1 OR  #a_/#b  NE>LY4 

,! FIR/ REM>K ?AT SUGGE/S ITSELF ON !SE TABLES IS1 ?AT !Y CON/ITUTE ! ONLY DOCUM5TS :I* PROVE FROM ACTUAL OBS]VATION1 & 9 ! COMPASS ( ORD9>Y HI/ORY1 ?AT !RE IS A P[] ( NUM]ICAL 9CREASE 9 ! HUMAN SPECIES4 ,EXCLUSIVELY ( ?IS EVID5CE1 ALL IS CONJECTURE M]ELY2 & ONE MAN HAS AS MU* RI<T TO BELIEVE1 ) ,MONTESQUIEU1 ?AT ! RACE ( MANK9D IS BY A FATAL NECESSITY RAPIDLY V]G+ T[>DS EXT9CTION1 AS ANO!R TO EMBRACE ! WILD & *IM]ICAL OP9IONS ( ,MR4 ,MAI ?US1 & ! F>-FAM$ DOCTR9E ( ! GEOMETRICAL RATIO4 

,9 ,SW$5 !RE HAS BE5 = A C]TA9 P]IOD A PROGRESSIVE 9CREASE ( POPULATION2 & WE HAVE GREAT REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT ?IS 9CREASE IS *IEFLY OR SOLELY ! EFFECT ( ! PR9CIPLE ( PROCREATION4 ,TO JUDGE FROM :AT HAS APPE>$ 9 FIFTY-F\R YE>S1 FROM #agea TO #a#h#e1 WE %\LD SAY ?AT ! HUMAN SPECIES1 9 SOME SITUATIONS1 & UND] SOME CIRCUM/ANCES1 MI<T D\BLE ITSELF 9 SOME:AT MORE ?AN ONE HUNDR$ YE>S4 

,?IS IS ALL ?AT IS KN[N ON ! SUBJECT1 :I* IS 9 ! SMALLE/ DEGREE CALCULAT$ TO AF=D A F\NDATION = ,MR4 ,MAL?US'S !ORIES4 ,= IT WILL FULLY APPE>1 :5 WE COME TO TREAT ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 ?AT !Y DO NOT YIELD HIM ! SLI<TE/ SUPPORT4 

,?IS IS ALL ?AT IS KN[N 9 ANY DEGREE FAVOR1 ABLE TO ,MR4 ,MAL?US'S !ORIES4 ,:AT !N IS !RE ?AT IS KN[N ON ! O!R SIDE8 

,EV]Y ?+ :I* HAS BE5 BR\<T TOGE!R 9 ! =M] BOOK4 ,WE HAVE NOT ! SMALLE/ REASON TO BELIEVE1 ?AT ! POPULATION ( ! E>? HAS 9CREAS$1 OR ?AT ! HUMAN RACE IS 9 ANY WAY MORE NUM]\S N[1 ?AN IT WAS ?REE ?\S& YE>S AGO4 ,?IS IS A FACT WOR?Y ( ! MO/ S]I\S CONSID]ATION3 

,MR4 ,MAL?US DISMISSES ?IS QUE/ION 9 ! SLI<TE/ MANN]1 & 9 HIS USUAL SUMM>Y & DICTATORIAL WAY PRON\NCES ?AT IT IS VISE & MIS]Y ?AT KEEP D[N ! NUMB]S ( MANK9D4 ,AS HIS !ORY IS DELIV]$ 9 ?REE L9ES1 0,POPULATION1 :5 UN*ECK$1 GOES ON D\BL+ ITSELF EV]Y TW5TY-FIVE YE>S1 OR 9CREASES 9 A GEOMETRICAL RATIO30 SO HIS ANSW] TO EV]Y OBJECTION LIES ALSO 9 ?REE L9ES1 0,! POSITIVE *ECKS TO POPULATION >E V>I\S1 & 9CLUDE EV]Y CAUSE :E!R >IS+ FROM VISE OR MIS]Y1 :I* 9 ANY DEGREE CONTRIBUTES TO %ORT5 ! NATURAL DURATION ( HUMAN LIFE40C 

,IT IS NOT ?US ?AT ! SUBJECT WILL BE TREAT$ 9 AFT]-AGES1 & :5 PHILOSOPHY %ALL HAVE EXT5D$ ITS EMPIRE OV] ?IS TOPIC AS OV] O!RS4 ,MR4 ,MAL?US HAS TAK5 HIS CONTEMPOR>IES BY SURPRISE1 &1 P>TLY BY ! DAZZL+ SIMPLICITY ( HIS HYPO!SIS1 & P>TLY BY ITS T5D5CY1 SUPPORT+ AS IT DOES1 & FURNI%+ ! APOLOGY (1 ALMO/ ALL HUMAN VISES1 & P>TICUL>LY ?OSE ( ! RI* & GREAT1 HAS GA9$ A C\NTLESS NUMB] ( ADH]5TS4 

,BUT :AT HE HAS H]E DELIV]$ HAS NOT EV5 ! SEMBLANCE ( SCI5CE4 ,& PATI5T M51 ,I WILL V5TURE TO PR$ICT1 WILL H]EAFT] >ISE1 :O WILL LOOK N>R[LY 9TO ! SUBJECT1 & WILL 5DEAVOR FROM CLE> & 9TELLIGIBLE PR9CIPLES1 NOT BY ONE SWEEP+ & UNLIMIT$ CLAUSE1 TO ACC\NT = ! FACTS BR\<T TOGE!R 9 MY FIR/ BOOK4 

,! QUE/ION !N WILL BE1 TO CONSID]1 ,:AT IS ! REASON ?AT ! MULTIPLICATION ( MANK9D1 SU* 
AS WE F9D IT = FIFTY-F\R YE>S 9 ,SW$51 HAS NEV] PREVAIL$ = ANY V]Y 
EXT5SIVE P]IOD ( TIME1 9 ANY C\NTRY ( ! WORLD4D  
,?IS QUE/ION NECESS>ILY 9VOLVES ) IT ANO!R1 & 9F9ITELY IMPORTANT 
QUE/ION1 ,:E!R IT IS 9 ANY WAY ! DUTY ( POLITICAL GOV]NM5TS1 OR ( 
?OSE :O POSSESS P[] OV] !IR FELL[-M51 TO M$ITATE OR PROVIDE ANY 
PURPOS$ OR 9T5TIONAL *ECKS AGA9/ ! 9CREASE ( ! HUMAN RACE8 

,MY CONC]N 9 
! PRES5T ,BOOK IS ) ! QUE/ION1 AFT] :AT RATE IT IS POSSIBLE1 JUDG+ 
FROM FACTS & ACTUAL EXP]I5CE1 = ! RACE ( MANK9D1 UND] ! MO/ FAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCES1 TO 9CREASE4 ,IT WILL BE ! 
OBJECT ( ! ,?IRD ,BOOK1 TO PUT TOGE!R SU* H9TS AS ,I HAVE BE5 ABLE TO 
COLLECT1 & SU* REFLECTIONS AS HAVE OCCURR$ TO ME1 ?AT MAY BE CALCULAT$ TO 
AF=D A ME?ODICAL & SATISFACTORY SOLUTION ( ! FACT G5]ALLY AS TO ! 
NON-9CREASE ( ! HUMAN RACE4 ,AT LEA/ ,I %ALL HOPE1 AS ,I SAID 9 A =M] 
9/ANCE1E ?AT 0SOME 
F\NDATION WILL BE LAID BY ME1 & ! PR9CIPLE WILL BEG9 TO BE 
UND]/OOD40 ,I AM ANXI\S TO 0SET BE=E O!R 5QUIR]S EVID5CE ?AT 
!Y MAY SCAN1 & >GUM5TS :I*1 IF CONV9C+1 !Y MAY EXP&1 & IF 
O!RWISE1 :I* !Y MAY REFUTE40 ,I AM ANXI\S TO FURNI% ! MAT]IALS 
( A SOLUTION1 IF NOT A SOLUTION 9 ALL ITS =MS1 ( ! PH5OM5ON ( ! 
NON-9CREASE ( ! HUMAN RACE SO F> AS ! RECORDS ( AU!NTIC PR(ANE 
HI/ORY EXT5D4 

,! POPULATION ( ,SW$5 9 #a#h#e1 AS APPE>S FROM ! ACTUAL 5UM]ATION1 AM\NT$ TO #c1#c#b1#f#d#g 

,N[ LET US TAKE HALF ?IS NUMB] ! POPULATION ( #a#g#e3 #a1#f#f1#c#b#c 

,BY ! SAME RULE ! POPULATION WILL BE 9 #a#f#e3 #h#c1#a#f#b 

9 #a#e#e3 #d#a#e1#h#a 

9 #a#d#e3 #b#g1#h#d 

9 #a#c#e3 #a#c1#g#g 

9 #a#b#e3 #e#a1#h#h#e 

9 #a#a#e3 #b#e1#i#d#b 

9 #a#e3 #a#b1#i#g#a 

90 #i#e3 #f1#d#h#e 

9 #h#e3 #c1#b#d#b 

9 #g#e3 #a1#f#b#a 

9 #f#e3 #ha 

9 #e#e3 #de 

0,SO ?AT BY ?IS WAY ( CALCULATION ,SW$5 CONTA9$1 AT ! TIME ( ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ,WE/]N ,EMPIRE 9 #d#g#f1 LITTLE MORE ?AN ?REE HUNDR$ S\LS1 & :5 ?IS P>T ( ! GLOBE BEGAN TO S5D =? ITS HORDES1 :I* DE/ROY$ ! P[] ( ! ,ROMANS1 & *>G$ ! FACE ( ! WORLD1 IT C\LD SC>CELY BOA/ A HUMAN 9HABITANT4 

A ,MEMOIRS ( ! ,ROYAL ,ACADEMY ( ,/OCKHOLM1 = ! ,YE> #agii 

B ,( ! ,TABLES ,I HAVE H]E 9S]T$1 
! FIR/ F\R >E TO BE F\ND 9 ! VOLUME ( ! ,SW$I% ,MEMOIRS = #a#g#f#f1 
! FIF? 9 ! VOLUME = #a#h#i1 & ! #f? 9 ! VOLUME = #a#g#g#f4 ,! 
SEV5? IS A ,TABLE ( MY [N CON/RUCTION1 F\ND$ G5]ALLY ON ! 
5UM]ATIONS ,I MET ) DISP]S$ 9 DIFF]5T VOLUMES ( ?IS WORK4 

C ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION1 ,VOL4 ,I4 P4 #b#a4 

D 0,IT MAY BE WOR? :ILE TO ILLU/RATE ?IS PROPOSITION 9 FIGURES1 ?US3 

E ,PAGE #c4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahai 3 ,BOOK #b1 ,*APT] #d -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#h1 #bag 3 ,BOOK #b1 ,*APT] #d -- ,ADD$4 

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