,BOOK #a1 ,*APT] #g 
,9DIA 

#ahbahb 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,GODW91 ,WILLIAM4 ,( ,POPULATION4 ,LONDON3 ,LONGMAN1 ,HUR/1 ,REES1 ,ORME & ,BR[N1 ,PAT]NO/] ,R[1 #a#h#b4 

,*,A,P,T,] ,V,I,I4 

,9DIA 

,! HI/ORY ( ,9DIA BE>S A /RIK+ RESEMBLANCE TO ?AT ( ,*9A2 & !RE=E IT SEEMS NECESS>Y TO SAY SOME?+ ON ?AT SUBJECT4 ,! LE>N+ ( ! ,BRAM9S IS NOT LESS ANCI5T2 & ! HI/ORY ( !IR IMPROVEM5TS & !IR SCI5CES IS LO/ 9 ! ABYSS ( ANTIQUITY4 ,! NATIVES ( ,9DO/AN /RONGLY RESEMBLE ! ,*9ESE 9 ! UN*ANGEABL5ESS ( !IR 9/ITUTIONS2 :AT IS TO-DAY1 EQUALLY EXI/$ YE/]DAY1 & HAS REMA9$ )\T ALT]ATION1 AS F> BACK AS !IR ANNALS1 !IR LAWS & !IR LIT]ATURE CAN C>RY US4 ,! ,*9ESE W]E CONQU]$ BY ! ,T>T>S2 BUT !IR RECORDS PRES5T TO US ! S+UL> SPECTACLES ( ! CONQU]ORS ADOPT+ ! MANN]S1 ! CU/OMS1 & ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ! PEOPLE !Y CONQU]$4 ,9DIA HAS BE5 LESS =TUNATE4 ,!IR ,MAHOMETAN 9VAD]S FIX$ AN EMPIRE AMONG !M1 CLAIM+ A SUP]IORITY OV] ! NATIONS !Y F\ND !RE1 REJECT+ !IR SY/EM ( POLICY & RELIGION1 & LOOK+ D[N ) IGNORANT DISDA9 UPON !IR SCI5CE & LIT]ATURE4 ,BUT ! ,H9DU 9/ITUTIONS HAVE SURVIV$ AMID !SE DISADVANTAGES4 

4 

,! POPULATION ( ,9DIA DOES NOT SEEM TO BE LESS CONSID]ABLE ?AN ?AT ( ,*9A ,I HAVE CONV]S$ ) A FEW P]SONS1 ! BE/ 9=M$1 & ! MO/ LE>N$ AS TO EV]Y ?+ ?AT RELATES TO ,9DIA1 ?AT >E TO BE F\ND 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA91 & !Y >E DECISIVELY ( ?AT OP9ION A4 ,!RE >E =E/S ?AT EXI/ 9 ,*9A1 & !RE >E L>GE TRACTS ( WA/E L& 9 ,9DIA2 BUT ! DI/RICTS FAVORABLE TO POPULATION >E NOT LESS ?ICKLY 9HABIT$ 9 ! LATT] ?AN 9 ! =M]4 ,?IS /ATEM5T ,I F9D /RONGLY CORROBORAT$ 9 A PAP] 9 ! ,ASIATIC ,RESE>*ES B1 5TITL$1 ,A ,/ATI/ICAL ,VIEW ( ! ,POPULATION ( ,BURDWAN1 & ,SOME ,NEI<BOR+ ,DI/RICTS ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ,B5GAL1 BY ,W4 ,B4 ,BAYLEY1 LATE ,JUDGE & ,*IEF ,MAGI/RATE ( ,BURDWAN4 ,HIS /ATEM5T IS1 ?AT0 ! DI/RICT ( ,BURDWAN CONTA9S #b#f#b1#f#c#d DWELL+-H\SES1 ( :I* #b#a#h1#h#e#c >E OCCUPI$ BY ,H9DUS1 & #d#c1#g#h#a BY ,MAHOMETANS3 ALL[+ !RE=E #e  #a_/#b  9HABITANTS TO EA* DWELL+1 ! TOTAL POPULATION ( ,BURDWAN WILL AM\NT TO #a1#d#d#d1#d#h#g S\LS4 ,! >EA ( ! DI/RICT ( ,BURDWAN1 AS ITS B\ND>IES >E AT PRES5T >RANG$1 COMPRISES AB\T #bd ,5GLI% SQU>E MILES4 ,ON AN AV]AGE !RE=E EA* SQU>E MILE CONTA9S A POPULATION ( MORE ?AN #f P]SONS40 ,HE ADDS10 ,! TOTAL POPULATION ( ,5GL& GIVES AN AV]AGE ( NE> TWO HUNDR$ 9HABITANTS TO EA* SQU>E MILE2 BUT1 IF SOME P>TICUL> C\NTIES >E SELECT$1 ! PROPORTION WILL BE F\ND TO APPROXIMATE MU* MORE NE>LY TO ?AT ( ,BURDWAN4 ,! C\NTY ( ,LANCA/]1 = 9/ANCE1 FURNI%ES1 ACCORD+ TO ! LA/ POPULATION REPORTS ( #a#h#a#a1 AN AV]AGE ( #dgf 9HABITANTS TO A SQU>E MILE40 

,! SITUATION ( ,9DIA !N1 AS F> AS ! SUBJECT ,I AM H]E EXAM9+ IS CONC]N$1 IS PRECISELY ! SAME AS ?AT ( ,*9A4 ,! GREAT M5 :O F\ND$ H] 9/ITUTIONS HAD NO APPREH5SIONS ( ! EVILS ( OV]-POPULATION4 ,!SE 9/ITUTIONS >E GRAY ) ! HO> ( MANY ?\S& YE>S2 & YET 9 ALL ?AT TIME NO ONE ( H] POLITICIANS & /ATESM5 HAS EV] SUSPECT$ ! TREM5D\S MIS*IEF ,MR4 ,MAL?US HAS BR\<T TO LI<T4 ,! ,ORD9ANCES ( ,M5U1 AS TRANSLAT$ BY ,SIR ,WILLIAM ,JONES1 TREAT M>RIAGE AS ONE ( ! FIR/ DUTIES ( A CITIZ51 & ! BEGETT+ A SON AS A DEBT :I* EV]Y MAN [ES TO HIS C\NTRY4 ,& YET1 IF POPULATION IS AT A /& 9 ,9DIA1 & IF M>RIAGE1 & 0E>LY M>RIAGE C10 AS ,MR ,MAL?US /ATE IT1 IS ALMO/ UNIV]SAL1 !N1 UPON ! HYPO!SIS ( ! GEOMETRICAL RATIO1 IT IS 9DISP5SABLE ?AT SIX \T ( EI<T1 & FIFTE5 MILLIONS \T ( TW5TY ?AT >E BORN1 MU/ P]I% 9 YE>S ( NONAGE4 ,GOD KN[S H[ MU* VISE & MIS]Y MAY BE NECESS>Y TO EFFECT ?IS PURPOSE1 :I* H[EV]1 UPON ,MR4 ,MAL?US'S PR9CIPLES1 ALWAYS IS EFFECT$4 ,BUT EV]Y SOB] & REFLECT+ MAN MU/ 9FALLIBLY CONCLUDE ?AT ?IS IS NOT SO4 ,& EV]Y RATIONAL MAN MU/ /& A/ONI%$1 :5 HE 9QUIRES BY :AT EVID5CE ! AU?OR ( ! ,ESSAY ( ,POPULATION 5DEAVORS TO MAKE \T ?IS MO/ REVOLT+ & 9CR$IBLE ( ALL PROPOSITIONS4 ,MR4 ,MAL?US OBS]VES ?AT ,9DIA 0HAS 9 ALL AGES BE5 SUBJECT TO ! MO/ DREADFUL FAM9ES D40 ,BUT :AT IS ?IS TO ! PURPOSE8 ,IF ALL M>RY1 & IF1 :]EV] M>RIAGE IS 0V]Y GREATLY 5C\RAG$ E1 A SUFFICI5T NUMB] ( *ILDR5 >E BORN TO SUPPORT A D\BL+ ( POPULATION EV]Y TW5TY-FIVE YE>S1 !N1 :]EV] ?AT POPULATION IS AT A /&1 FIFTE5 \T ( TW5TY MILLIONS ( %ILDR5 ?AT >E BORN1 MU/ P]I% 9 YE>S ( NONAGE4 ,DOES ,MR4 ,MAL?US ?9K1 ?AT ! FAM9ES1 H]E & !RE1 OR IF HE WILL FREQU5TLY1 SCATT] ?R\< ! HI/ORY ( ,9DIA1 >E SUFFICI5T TO ACC\NT = ?IS8 ,WE HAVE NO?+ TO DO1 9 ! CASE ( SO MON/R\S AN HYPO!SIS AS ?AT ( ! ,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION1 BUT TO KEEP ! OBJECT ( \R CONTEMPLATION FIX$1 & TO LOOK 9TO IT 9T5TLY1 & IT WILL SPE$ILY VANI% FROM \R SI<T1 & S9K 9TO NO?+4 

,FOOTNOTES 

A ,AMONG O!RS1 ,I W\LD BEG LEAVE TO NAME ,MR4 ,H4 ,T4 ,COLEBROKE1 ,PRESID5T ( ! ,ASIATIC ,SOCIETY 9 ,LONDON4 

B ,ASIATIC ,RESE>*ES1 VOL4 ,X,I,I4 ,NO4 XIII4 

C ,VOL4 ,I4 P4 #b#g#g4 

D ,P4 #b< 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahai 3 ,BOOK #a1 ,*APT] #g -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#h1 #bag 3 ,BOOK #a1 ,*APT] #g -- ,ADD$4 

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