,BOOK #a1 ,*APT] #c 
,G5]AL ,VIEWS AS TO ! ,ALLEG$ ,9CREASE ( ,MANK9D 

#ahbahb 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,GODW91 ,WILLIAM4 ,( ,POPULATION4 ,LONDON3 ,LONGMAN1 ,HUR/1 ,REES1 ,ORME & ,BR[N1 ,PAT]NO/] ,R[1 #a#h#b4 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I,I,I4 

,G,5,],A,L ,V,I,E,W,S ,A,S ,T,O ,! ,A,L,L,E,G,$ ,9,C,R,E,A,S,E ,( ,M,A,N,K,9,D4 

,TO TAKE A JU/ VIEW ( ANY SUBJECT1 ONE RULE ?AT IS EXTREMELY WOR?Y ( \R ATT5TION IS1 ?AT WE %\LD GET TO A PROP] DI/ANCE FROM IT4 ,! /RANG] TO :OM WE W\LD CONVEY AN ADEQUATE IMAGE ( ! CITY ( ,LONDON1 WE IMM$IATELY LEAD TO ! TOP ( ,/4 ,PAUL'S ,*UR*4 ,&1 IF ,I MAY 9TRODUCE AN ALLUSION TO ! RECORDS ( ! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION1 ! DEVIL TOOK \R ,SAVIOR 0UP 9TO AN EXCE$+ HI< M\NTA910 :5 HE W\LD 0%EW HIM ALL ! K+DOMS ( ! WORLD1 & ! GLORY ( !M40 

,MR4 ,MAL?US HAS TAK5 HIS /& UPON ! REPORTS ( ,DR4 ,FRANKL91 & ,DR4 ,EZRA ,/YLES4 ,HE REPAIRS ) !M TO ! NOR!RN P>TS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA1 & !RE HE SEES1 OR ?9KS HE SEES1 0! POPULATION D\BL+ ITSELF1 = ABOVE A C5TURY & A HALF SUCCESSIVELY1 9 LESS ?AN TW5TY-FIVE YE>S10 & ?AT 0FROM PROCREATION ONLYA40 ,HE DOES NOT DISCOV] AN AMPLE POPULATION EV5 9 ?IS1 HIS FAVORITE C\NTRY4 ,F> FROM IT4 ,! REASON :Y ! POPULATION GOES ON SO RAPIDLY 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA IS1 ACCORD+ TO HIM1 BECAUSE !RE IS 0AMPLE ROOM & V]GE 5\<0 = ALMO/ ALL ! POPULATION ?AT CAN BE P\R$ 9TO IT4 ,HE SEES1 9 HIS PROPHETIC CONCEPTION1 ?AT C\NTRY1 SOME C5TURIES H5CE1 FULL ( HUMAN 9HABITANTS1 EV5 TO OV]FL[+1 & GROAN+ UND] ! MULTITUDE ( ! TRIBES %ALL DWELL 9 IT4 

,W\LD IT NOT HAVE BE5 FAIR] TO HAVE TAK5 BE=E HIM ! GLOBE ( E>? AT ONE VIEW1 & FROM !NCE TO HAVE D$UC$ ! TRUE 0,PR9CIPLE ( ,POPULATION10 & ! POLICY ?AT \<T TO DIRECT ! MEASURES ( ?OSE :O GOV]N ! WORLD8 

,H[ LONG ! RACE ( MAN HAS SUBSI/$1 UNLESS WE D]IVE \R OP9IONS ON ! SUBJECT FROM ! LI<T ( REVELATION1 NO MAN KN[S4 ,! ,*9ESE1 & ! PEOPLE ( ,9DO/AN1 C>RY BACK !IR *RONOLOGY ?R\< MILLIONS ( YE>S4 ,EV5 IF WE REF] TO ! ,BIBLE1 ! ,HEBREW TEXT1 & ! ,SAM>ITAN :I* IS P]HAPS ( EQUAL AU?ORITY1 DIFF] MO/ CONSID]ABLY & FUNDAM5TALLY FROM EA* O!R4 ,BUT ,MR4 ,MAL?US IS ( OP9ION1 ?AT1 9 REASON+ ON SUBJECTS ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 WE >E B\ND TO REGULATE \R IDEAS BY /ATI/ICAL REPORTS1 & TABLES ?AT HAVE BE5 SCI5TIFICALLY =M$ BY PR(ICI5TS 9 ?AT /UDY1 & HAS ACCORD+LY CONF9$ HIMSELF TO !SE4 

,BUT1 ?\< WE KN[ NOT H[ LONG ! HUMAN RACE HAS EXI/$1 NOR H[ EXT5SIVE A P]IOD IT HAS HAD TO MULTIPLY ITSELF 91 WE >E ABLE TO =M SOME RUDE NOTIONS RESPECT+ ITS PRES5T /ATE4 ,IT HAS BY SOME P]SONS BE5 MADE AN OBJECTION TO ! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION1 ?AT IT HAS NOT BECOME UNIV]SAL4 ,IT W\LD P]HAPS BE FAIR]1 TO MAKE IT AN OBJECTION TO ! 0,PR9CIPLE ( ,POPULATION10 AS LAID D[N BY ,MR4 ,MAL?US1 ?AT ! E>? IS NOT PEOPL$4 

,IF ,I W]E TO SAY ?AT ! GLOBE W\LD MA9TA9 TW5TY TIMES ITS PRES5T 9HABITANTS1 OR1 9 O!R WORDS1 ?AT = EV]Y HUMAN CREATURE N[ CALL$ 9TO EXI/5CE1 TW5TY MI<T EXI/ 9 A /ATE ( GREAT] PL5TY & HAPP9ESS ?AN ) \R SMALL NUMB] WE DO AT PRES5T1 ,I %\LD F9D NO ONE TIMID & SATURN9E 5\< TO CONTRADICT ME4 ,9 FACT1 HE MU/ BE A LIT]AL & MO/ UN9V5TIVE SPECULATOR1 :O W\LD ATTEMPT TO SET B\NDS TO ! PHYSICAL P[]S ( ! E>? TO SUPPLY ! MEANS ( HUMAN SUBSI/5CE4 

,! FIR/ ?+ !RE=E ?AT W\LD OCCUR TO HIM :O %\LD SURVEY 0ALL ! K+DOMS ( ! E>?10 & ! /ATE ( !IR POPULATION1 W\LD BE ! ?9NESS ( !IR NUMB]S1 & ! MULTITUDE & EXT5T ( !IR WA/E & DESOLATE PLACES4 ,IF HIS HE>T AB\ND$ ) 0! MILK ( HUMAN K9DNESS10 HE W\LD NOT FAIL TO CONTRA/ ! PRES5T /ATE ( ! GLOBE ) ITS POSSIBLE /ATE2 HE W\LD SEE HIS SPECIES AS A LITTLE REMNANT WIDELY SCATT]$ OV] A FRUITFUL & PROLIFIC SURFACE1 & W\LD WEEP TO ?9K ?AT ! K9DLY & GRACI\S QUALITIES ( \R MO!R E>? W]E TURN$ TO SO LITTLE ACC\NT4 ,IF HE W]E MORE ( A SOB] & REASON+1 ?AN ( A T5D] & PASSIONATE TEMP]1 P]HAPS HE W\LD NOT WEEP1 BUT ,I %\LD ?9K HE W\LD SET HIMSELF S]I\SLY TO 9QUIRE1 H[ ! POPUL\SNESS ( NATIONS MI<T BE 9CREAS$1 & ! DIFF]5T REGIONS ( ! GLOBE REPL5I%$ ) A NUM]\S & HAPPY RACE4 

,DR4 ,PALEY'S OBS]VATIONS ON ?IS HEAD >E PECULI>LY TO ! PURPOSE4 0,! QUANTITY ( HAPP9ESS10 HE SAYS1 09 ANY GIV5 DI/RICT1 AL?\< IT IS POSSIBLE IT MAY BE 9CREAS$1 ! NUMB] ( 9HABITANTS REMA9+ ! SAME1 IS *IEFLY & MO/ NATURALLY AFFECT$ BY ALT]ATION ( ! NUMB]S3 CONSEQU5TLY1 ! DECAY ( POPULATION IS ! GREATE/ EVIL ?AT A /ATE CAN SUFF]2 & ! IMPROVEM5T ( IT IS ! OBJECT1 :I* \<T 9 ALL C\NTRIES TO BE AIM$ AT1 9 PREF]5CE TO EV]Y O!R POLITICAL PURPOSE :ATSOEV] B40 

,SU* HAS BE5 ! DOCTR9E1 ,I BELIEVE1 ( EV]Y 5LI<T5$ POLITICIAN & LEGISLATOR S9CE ! WORLD BEGAN4 ,BUT ,MR4 ,MAL?US HAS PLAC$ ?IS SUBJECT 9 A NEW LI<T4 ,HE ?9KS ?AT !RE IS A POSSIBILITY ?AT ! GLOBE ( E>? MAY AT SOME TIME OR O!R CONTA9 MORE HUMAN 9HABITANTS ?AN IT CAN SUBSI/2 & HE HAS !RE=E WRITT5 A BOOK1 ! DIRECT T5D5CY ( :I* IS TO KEEP D[N ! NUMB]S ( MANK9D4 ,HE HAS NO CONSID]ATION = ! MILLIONS & MILLIONS ( M51 :O MI<T BE CONCEIV$ AS CALL$ 9TO EXI/5CE1 & MADE JO9T P>TAK]S ) US 9 SU* HAPP9ESS AS A SUBLUN>Y EXI/5CE1 ) LIB]TY & IMPROVEM5T1 MI<T IMP>T2 BUT1 = ! SAKE ( A FUTURE POSSIBILITY1 W\LD %UT AGA9/ !M ONCE = ALL ! DOOR ( EXI/5CE4 

,HE SAYS 9DE$1 0,! DIFFICULTY1 SO F> FROM BE+ REMOTE1 IS IMM95T & IMM$IATE4 ,AT EV]Y P]IOD DUR+ ! PROGRESS ( CULTIVATION1 FROM ! PRES5T MOM5T TO ! TIME :5 ! :OLE E>? WAS BECOME LIKE A G>D51 ! DI/RESS = WANT ( FOOD W\LD BE CON/ANTLY PRESS+ ON ALL MANK9DC40 ,HE ADDS IT IS TRUE 9 ?IS PLACE1 0IF !Y W]E EQUAL40 ,BUT !SE WORDS >E PLA9LY UNNECESS>Y1 S9CE IT IS ALMO/ ! SOLE PURPOSE ( HIS BOOK TO %EW1 ?AT1 9 ALL OLD E/ABLI%$ C\NTRIES1 0! POPULATION IS ALWAYS PRESS+ H>D AGA9/ ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE40 

,?IS H[EV]--,I MEAN ! DI/RESS ?AT MU/ ALWAYS ACCOMPANY US 9 EV]Y /EP ( \R PROGRESS--IS SO PALPABLY UNTRUE1 ?AT ,I AM A/ONI%$ ?AT ANY MAN %\LD HAVE BE5 9DUC$ BY ! LOVE ( P>ADOX1 & ! DESIRE TO DIVULGE SOME?+ NEW1 TO MAKE ! ASS]TION4 ,!RE IS NO PR9CIPLE RESPECT+ MAN & SOCIETY MORE C]TA91 ?AN ?AT EV]Y MAN 9 A CIVILIZ$ /ATE IS 5D[$ ) ! PHYSICAL P[] ( PRODUC+ MORE ?AN %ALL SUFFICE = HIS [N SUBSI/5CE4 ,?IS PR9CIPLE LIES AT ! F\NDATION ( ALL ! HI/ORY ( ALL MANK9D4 ,IF IT W]E O!RWISE1 WE %\LD BE ALL CULTIVATORS ( ! E>?4 ,WE %\LD NONE ( US EV] KN[ ! SWEETS ( LEISURE2 & ALL HUMAN SCI5CE W\LD BE CONTA9$ 9 ! KN[L$GE ( SE$ TIME & H>VE/4 ,BUT NO SOON] HAVE M5 ASSOCIAT$ 9 TRIBES & NATIONS1 ?AN ?IS GREAT TRU? COMES TO BE P]CEIV$1 ?AT COMP>ATIVELY A V]Y SMALL PORTION ( LABOR ON ! P>T ( ! COMMUNITY1 WILL SUBSI/ ! :OLE4 ,H5CE IT HAPP5S ?AT EV5 ! F>M] & ! HUSB&MAN HAVE LEISURE = !IR RELIGION1 !IR SOCIAL PLEASURES1 & !IR SPORTS2 & H5CE IT HAPP5S1 :I* IS ( 9F9ITELY MORE IMPORTANCE 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! HUMAN M9D1 ?AT1 :ILE A M9ORITY ( ! COMMUNITY >E EMPLOY$ 9 ! LABORS 9DISP5SIBLY CONDUCIVE TO ! M]E SUBSI/5CE ( ! :OLE1 ! RE/ CAN DEVOTE !MSELVES TO >T1 TO SCI5CE1 TO LIT]ATURE1 TO CONTEMPLATION1 & EV5 TO ALL ! WANTON REF9EM5TS ( S5SUALITY1 LUXURY1 & O/5TATION4 

,:AT IS IT !N1 WE >E NATURALLY L$ TO ASK1 ?AT CAUSES ANY MAN TO />VE1 OR PREV5TS HIM FROM CULTIVAT+ ! E>?1 & SUBSI/+ UPON ITS FRUITS1 SO LONG AS !RE IS A PORTION ( SOIL 9 ! C\NTRY 9 :I* HE DWELLS1 ?AT HAS NOT BE5 APPLI$ TO ! PRODUC+ AS MU* ( ! MEANS ( HUMAN SUBSI/5CE1 AS IT IS CAPABLE ( PRODUC+8 ,MR4 ,MAL?US SAYS1 IT IS 0! ,LAW ( ,NATURE40 0,AFT] ! PUBLIC NOTICE :I* ,I HAVE PROPOS$1 IF ANY MAN *OSE TO M>RY1 )\T A PROSPECT ( BE+ ABLE TO SUPPORT A FAMILY1 HE %\LD HAVE ! MO/ P]FECT LIB]TY TO DO SO4 ,?\< TO M>RY1 9 ?IS CASE4 IS 9 MY OP9ION CLE>LY AN IMMORAL ACT1 YET IT IS NOT ONE :I* SOCIETY CAN JU/LY TAKE UPON ITSELF TO PREV5T OR PUNI%4 ,TO ! PUNI%M5T ( ,NATURE !RE=E BE %\LD BE LEFTD40 ,& ELSE:]E1 0,A MAN :O IS BORN 9TO A WORLD ALREADY POSSESS$1 IF HE CANNOT GET SUBSI/5CE FROM HIS P>5TS1 & IF ! SOCIETY DO NOT WANT HIS LABOR1 HAS NO CLAIM ( RI<T TO ! SMALLE/ PORTION ( FOOD1 & 9 FACT HAS NO BUS9ESS TO BE :]E BE IS4 ,AT ,NATURE'S MI<TY FEA/ !RE IS NO VACANT COV] = HIM4 ,%E TELLS HIM TO BE GONE1 & WILL QUICKLY EXECUTE H] [N ORD]SE40 

,NEV] SURELY WAS !RE SO FLAGRANT AN ABUSE ( T]MS1 AS 9 ?IS 9/ANCE4 ,MR4 ,MAL?US IS SPEAK+ ( ,5GL&1 :]E !RE >E MANY ?\S&S ( ACRES :OLLY UNCULTIVAT$1 & P]HAPS AS MANY MORE SC>CELY EMPLOY$ 9 ANY EFFECTUAL MANN] TO 9CREASE ! MEANS ( HUMAN SUBSI/5CE2 = !SE PASSAGES OCCUR 9 *APT]S ( HIS ,ESSAY :]E BE IS TREAT+ ( \R ,POOR-LAWS1 & ! REM$IES ?AT MI<T BE APPLI$ TO ! DEFECTS HE IMPUTES TO !M4 ,I GRANT HIM !N1 ?AT IT IS ,LAW :I* CONDEMNS ! P]SONS HE SPEAKS ( TO />VE4 ,SO F> WE >E AGRE$4 ,?IS ,LAW ,MR4 ,MAL?US MAY AFFIRM TO BE JU/1 TO BE WISE1 TO BE NECESS>Y TO ! /ATE ( ?+S AS WE F9D !M4 ,ALL ?IS W\LD BE OP5 TO FAIR 9QUIRY4 ,GREAT & COG5T NO D\BT >E ! REASONS ?AT HAVE GIV5 SO EXT5SIVE A REIGN TO ?IS EXTREME 9EQUALITY4 ,BUT IT IS NOT ! ,LAW ( ,NATURE4 ,IT IS ! ,LAW ( V]Y >TIFICIAL LIFE4 ,IT IS ! ,LAW :I* 0HEAPS UPON SOME FEW ) VA/ EXCESS0 ! MEANS ( EV]Y WANTON EXP5SE & EV]Y LUXURY1 :ILE O!RS1 SOME ( !M NOT LESS WOR?Y1 >E CONDEMN$ TO P9E 9 WANT4 

,COMP>E ?IS !N ) ,MR4 ,MAL?US'S FAVORITE POSITION1 9 OPPOSITION TO :AT HE CALLS 0! GREAT ]ROR UND] :I* ,MR4 ,GODW9 LABORS10 ?AT 0POLITICAL REGULATIONS & ! E/ABLI%$ ADM9I/RATION ( PROP]TY >E 9 REALITY LI<T & SUP]FICIAL CAUSES ( MIS*IEF TO SOCIETY1 9 COMP>ISON ) ?OSE :I* RESULT FROM ! ,LAWS ( ,NATUREF40 

,BUT TO RETURN1 & RESUME ! PO9T ) :I* ?IS *APT] COMM5C$4 ,IF ,MR4 ,MAL?US'S DOCTR9E IS TRUE1 :Y IS ! GLOBE NOT PEOPL$8 ,IF ! HUMAN SPECIES HAS SO /RONG A T5D5CY TO 9CREASE1 ?AT1 UNLESS ! T5D5CY W]E VIOL5TLY & CALAMIT\SLY C\NT]ACT$1 !Y W\LD EV]Y :]E 0D\BLE !IR NUMB]S 9 LESS ?AN TW5TY-FIVE YE>S10 & ?AT = EV]1 H[ COMES IT ?AT ! WORLD IS A WILD]NESS1 A WIDE & DESOLATE PLACE1 :]E M5 CRAWL AB\T 9 LITTLE H]DS1 COM=TLESS1 UNABLE FROM ! DANG]S ( FREE-BOOT]S1 & ! DANG]S ( WILD BEA/S TO W&] FROM CLIMATE TO CLIMATE1 & )\T ?AT MUTUAL SUPPORT & *E]FULNESS :I* A POPUL\S E>? W\LD MO/ NATURALLY AF=D8 ,! MAN ON ! TOP ( ,/ ,PAUL'S W\LD 9DE$ =M A CONCEPTION ( 9NUM]ABLE MULTITUDES3 BUT HE :O %\LD SURVEY 0ALL ! K+DOMS ( ! WORLD10 W\LD RECEIVE A V]Y DIFF]5T IMPRESSION4 ,ON :I* SIDE !N LIES ! EVID5CE8 ,DO ! NUMB]S ( MANK9D ACTUALLY & 9 FACT 9CREASE OR DECREASE8 ,IF MANK9D HAS SO P[]FUL & AL>M+ A T5D5CY TO 9CREASE1 H[ IS IT ?AT ?IS T5D5CY NO :]E %EWS ITSELF 9 G5]AL HI/ORY 8 ,MR4 ,MAL?US & HIS FOLL[]S >E R$UC$ TO CONFESS ! BROAD & GL>+ FACT ?AT MANK9D DO NOT 9CREASE1 BUT HE HAS F\ND \T A CALCULATION1 A GEOMETRICAL RATIO1 TO %EW ?AT !Y \<T TO DO SO1 & !N SITS D[N TO WRITE ?REE VOLUMES1 ASSIGN+ C]TA9 OBSCURE1 VAGUE1 & UNDEF9ABLE CAUSES1 :Y HIS !ORY & ! /REAM ( ANCI5T & MOD]N HI/ORY >E COMPLETELY AT V>IANCE ) EA* O!R4 

   

,FOOTNOTES 

A,ESSAY ON ,POPULATION1 VOL4 ,I4 P4 #i4  

B ,MORAL & ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY1 ,BOOK ,V,I4 ,*AP4 XI4  

C ,VOL4 ,I,I4 P4 #b#b4  

D ,VOL4 ,I,I,I4 P4 #a#h4  

E ,?IS PASSAGE1 :I* OCCURS 9 ! ,SECOND ,$ITION 9 QU>TO1 P4 #e#c#a1 IS NOT TO BE F\ND 9 ! ,FIF? ,$ITION ( ! ,ESSAY4 ,BUT ,I BEG LEAVE ONCE = ALL TO OBS]VE1 ?AT ?OSE S5T5CES ( \R AU?OR1 ! S5SE ( :I* HE HAS NEV] %EWN ! SLI<TE/ 9CL9ATION TO RETRACT1 & ! SPIRIT ( :I* ON ! CONTR>Y IS ( ! ESS5CE ( HIS SY/EM1 ,I DO NOT HOLD MYSELF B\ND TO PASS OV] UNNOTIC$1 M]ELY 1BECAUSE HE HAS AFT]W>DS EXPUNG$ !M1 ?AT HE MI<T NOT 09FLICT AN UNNECESS>Y VIOL5CE ON ! FEEL+S ( HIS READ]S .<,QU>T]LY ,REVIEW = ,JULY #a#h#a#g4.>10 OR ?AT HE MI<T 0S(T5 SOME ( ! H>%E/ CONCLUSIONS ( ! FIR/ ,ESSAY .<,MAL?US1 ,PREFACE TO ! ,SECOND ,$ITION4.>40  

F,VOL4 ,I,I4 P4 #b#d#e4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahai 3 ,BOOK #a1 ,*APT] #c -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#h1 #bag 3 ,BOOK #a1 ,*APT] #c -- ,ADD$4 

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