,NOT ,JU/ ,FREE ,SPEE*1 BUT ,FRE$OM ,ITSELF 
,A ,CRITIQUE ( ,CIVIL ,LIB]TIES 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANONYM\S 

,TEXT 3 

0,DESPITE ! RADICAL ROOTS ( ORGANIZATIONS SU* AS ! ,AM]ICAN ,CIVIL ,LIB]TIES ,UNION ?AT ADVOCATE = /ATE PROTECTION ( FREE EXPRESSION1 ?IS =M ( CIVIL LIB]TIES EMPTIES ! DEF5SE ( FREE SPEE* ( ANY RADICAL CONT5T1 IMPLY+ ?AT ONLY ! /ATE CAN PROP]LY GU>ANTEE \R ABILITY TO EXPRESS \RSELVES FREELY & ?US RE9=C+ ! P[] ( ! /ATE ABOVE ! RI<T TO FREE SPEE* ITSELF40 

,ACROSS ! YE>S1 AN>*I/S HAVE DEF5D$ FRE$OM ( SPEE*4 ,?IS IS IMPORTANT 9 PR9CIPLE3 9 AN AN>*I/ VISION ( SOCIETY1 NEI!R ! /ATE OR ANY O!R 5TITY %\LD BE ABLE TO DET]M9E :AT WE CAN & CANNOT SAY4 ,IT'S ALSO IMPORTANT 9 PRACTICE3 AS A REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITY FREQU5TLY T>GET$ = REPRESSION1 WE'VE CONSI/5TLY HAD \R SPEE*ES1 NEWSPAP]S1 WEBSITES1 & M>*ES ATTACK$4 

,FREE SPEE* FI<TS HAVE FIGUR$ 9 AN>*I/ CAMPAIGNS = A LONG TIME4 ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD F\<T RE/RICTIONS ON PRO-UNION SOAPBOX+ BY FLOOD+ JAILS UNTIL CITIES W]E =C$ TO *ANGE !IR ORD9ANCES4 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN & ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN PASSIONATELY DEF5D$ FREE SPEE* 9 ! ,U,S DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I & 9 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION AFT] ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,DUR+ ! ,MAKHNOVI/ RESI/ANCE 9 ! ,UKRA9E & ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,CATALONIA1 AN>*I/ =CES DI/+UI%$ !MSELVES FROM AU?ORIT>IANS BO? LEFT & RI<T BY REFUS+ TO RE/RICT ! PRESS4 ,MORE REC5TLY ! ,%,A,C #g CASE1 9 :I* ANIMAL RI<TS ACTIVI/S W]E DEF9$ AS T]RORI/S SIMPLY = RUNN+ A WEBSITE ADVOCAT+ DIRECT ACTION1 %[$ ?AT SPEE* CAN /ILL BR+ US 9TO CONFLICT ) ! /ATE4 

,BUT ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS >5'T ! ONLY ONES :O HAVE TAK5 UP ! BANN] ( FREE SPEE*4 ,MORE REC5TLY1 ! RI<T W+ 9 ! ,U,S HAS BEGUN TO >GUE ?AT ! FAILURE TO GIVE CONS]VATIVE VIEWS AN EQUAL FOOT+ ) LIB]AL VIEWS CON/ITUTES A SUPPRESSION ( !IR FREE SPEE*4 ,BY ACCUS+ 0LIB]AL0 UNIV]SITIES & M$IA ( SUPPRESS+ CONS]VATIVE VIEWS--A LAU<ABLE ASS]TION1 GIV5 ! MASSIVE /RUCTURES ( P[] & FUND+ ADVANC+ !SE--!Y USE ,FIR/ ,AM5DM5T DISC\RSE TO PROMOTE REACTION>Y AG5DAS4 ,SUPPOS$LY PROGRESSIVE CAMPUSES REVEAL !IR TRUE COLORS AS !Y MOBILIZE 9/ITUTIONAL P[] TO DEF5D RI<T-W+ T]RITORY 9 ! M>KETPLACE ( IDEAS1 GO+ SO F> AS TO C5SOR & 9TIMIDATE OPPOSITION4 

,EXTREME RI<T & FASCI/ ORGANIZATIONS HAVE JUMP$ ONTO ! FREE SPEE* B&WAGON AS WELL4 ,9 ! ,U,S1 ,ANTI-,RACI/ ,ACTION & SIMIL> GR\PS HAVE BE5 L>GELY EFFECTIVE 9 DISRUPT+ !IR EV5TS & ORGANIZ+ EF=TS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 FASCI/S N[ 9CREAS+LY RELY ON ! /ATE TO PROTECT !M1 CLAIM+ ?AT RACI/1 ANTI-IMMIGRANT1 & ANTI-GAY ORGANIZ+ CON/ITUTES A =M ( LEGALLY PROTECT$ SPEE*--& )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! ,A,C,L,U1 IT DOES4 ,FASCI/ GR\PS ?AT >E PREV5T$ FROM PUBLI%+ !IR MAT]IAL 9 MO/ O!R 9DU/RIALIZ$ DEMOCRACIES BY LAWS RE/RICT+ HATE SPEE* FREQU5TLY PUBLI% IT 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E NO SU* LAWS EXI/1 & DI/RIBUTE IT WORLDWIDE FROM H]E4 ,SO 9 PRACTICE1 /ATE PROTECTION ( ! RI<T TO FREE EXPRESSION AIDS FASCI/ ORGANIZ+4 

,IF DEF5D+ FREE SPEE* HAS COME TO MEAN SPONSOR+ WEAL?Y RI<T-W+ POLITICIANS & 5ABL+ FASCI/ RECRUIT+1 P]HAPS IT IS TIME = AN>*I/S TO REASSESS ?IS PR9CIPLE4 

,! ,RHETORIC ( ,FREE ,EXPRESSION 

,!RE APPE>S TO BE A BROAD CONS5SUS 9 ! ,U,S POLITICAL SPECTRUM 9 FAVOR ( ! RI<T TO FREE SPEE*4 ,:ILE OPPON5TS MAY QUIBBLE OV] ! LIMITS1 SU* AS :AT CON/ITUTES OBSC5ITY1 PUNDITS FROM LEFT TO RI<T AGREE ?AT FREE SPEE* IS ESS5TIAL TO ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY4 

,APPEALS TO ?IS TRADITION ( UNRE/RICT$ EXPRESSION CONF] LEGITIMACY ON GR\PS ) VIEWS \TSIDE ! MA9/REAM1 & BO? FASCI/S & RADICALS CAPITALIZE ON ?IS4 ,LAWY]S (T5 DEF5D AN>*I/ ACTIVITY BY REF]5C+ ! ,FIR/ ,AM5DM5T'S PROVISION PREV5T+ LEGISLATION RE/RICT+ ! PRESS OR PEACEABLE ASSEMBLY4 ,WE CAN F9D ALLIES :O WILL SUPPORT US 9 FREE SPEE* CASES :O W\LD NEV] SUPPORT US \T ( A %>$ VISION ( TAK+ DIRECT ACTION TO CREATE A WORLD FREE ( HI]>*Y4 ,! RHETORIC ( FREE SPEE* & ,FIR/ ,AM5DM5T RI<TS GIVE US A COMMON LANGUAGE ) :I* TO BROAD5 \R RANGE ( SUPPORT & MAKE \R RESI/ANCE MORE COMPREH5SIBLE TO POT5TIAL ALLIES1 ) :OM WE MAY BUILD DEEP] CONNECTIONS OV] TIME4 

,BUT AT :AT CO/8 ,?IS DISC\RSE ( RI<TS SEEMS TO IMPLY ?AT ! /ATE IS NECESS>Y TO PROTECT US AGA9/ ITSELF1 AS IF IT IS A SORT ( ,JEKYLL & ,HYDE SPLIT P]SONALITY ?AT SIMULTANE\SLY ATTACKS US ) LAWS & POLICE & PROSECUTORS :ILE DEF5D+ US ) LAWS & ATTORNEYS & JUDGES4 ,IF WE ACCEPT ?IS METAPHOR1 IT %\LD NOT BE SURPRIS+ TO F9D ?AT ! MORE WE ATTEMPT TO /R5G!N ! >M ?AT DEF5DS US1 ! /RONG] ! >M ?AT ATTACKS US WILL BECOME4 

,ONCE FRE$OM IS DEF9$ AS AN ASSORTM5T ( RI<TS GRANT$ BY ! /ATE1 IT IS EASY TO LOSE SI<T ( ! ACTUAL FRE$OM ?OSE RI<TS >E MEANT TO PROTECT & FOCUS 9/EAD ON ! RI<TS !MSELVES--IMPLICITLY ACCEPT+ ! LEGITIMACY ( ! /ATE4 ,?US1 :5 WE BUILD VISIBILITY & SUPPORT BY US+ ! RHETORIC ( RI<TS1 WE MAY UND]CUT ! POSSIBILITY ( /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! /ATE ITSELF4 ,WE ALSO OP5 ! DOOR = ! /ATE TO IMPOSE O!RS' 0RI<TS0 UPON US4 

,! ,CIVIL ,LIB]TIES ,DEF5SE 

,9 ! ,U,S1 MANY TAKE IT = GRANT$ ?AT IT IS EASI] = ! /ATE TO SIL5CE & ISOLATE RADICALS 9 C\NTRIES 9 :I* FREE SPEE* IS NOT LEGALLY PROTECT$4 ,IF ?IS IS TRUE1 :O W\LDN'T WANT TO /R5G!N LEGAL PROTECTIONS ON FREE SPEE*8 

,9 FACT1 9 NATIONS 9 :I* FREE SPEE* IS NOT LEGALLY PROTECT$1 RADICALS >E NOT ALWAYS MORE ISOLAT$--ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! AV]AGE P]SON IS SOMETIMES MORE SYMPA!TIC TO ?OSE 9 CONFLICT ) ! /ATE1 AS IT IS MORE DIFFICULT = ! /ATE TO LEGITIMIZE ITSELF AS ! DEF5D] ( LIB]TY4 ,LAWS DO NOT TIE ! H&S ( ! /ATE NE>LY SO MU* AS PUBLIC OPPOSITION CAN2 GIV5 ! *OICE BETWE5 LEGAL RI<TS & POPUL> SUPPORT1 RADICALS >E MU* BETT] (F ) ! LATT]4 

,ONE DICTION>Y DEF9ES CIVIL LIB]TY AS 0! /ATE ( BE+ SUBJECT ONLY TO LAWS E/ABLI%$ = ! GOOD ( ! COMMUNITY40 ,?IS S\NDS IDEAL TO ?OSE :O BELIEVE ?AT LAWS 5=C$ BY HI]>*ICAL P[] CAN S]VE ! 0GOOD ( ! COMMUNITY0--BUT :O DEF9ES 0! COMMUNITY0 & :AT IS GOOD = IT1 IF NOT ?OSE 9 P[]8 ,9 PRACTICE1 ! DISC\RSE ( CIVIL LIB]TIES 5ABLES ! /ATE TO M>G9ALIZE ITS FOES3 IF !RE IS A LEGITIMATE *ANNEL = EV]Y K9D ( EXPRESSION1 !N ?OSE :O REFUSE TO PLAY BY ! RULES >E CLE>LY ILLEGITIMATE4 ,?US WE MAY READ ?IS DEF9ITION ! O!R WAY >\ND3 UND] 0CIVIL LIB]TY10 ALL LAWS >E = ! GOOD ( ! COMMUNITY1 & ANY :O *ALL5GE !M MU/ BE AGA9/ IT4 

,FOCUS+ ON ! RI<T TO FREE SPEE*1 WE SEE ONLY TWO PROTAGONI/S1 ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! /ATE4 ,RA!R ?AN LETT+ \RSELVES BE DRAWN 9TO ! DEBATE AB\T :AT ! /ATE %\LD ALL[1 AN>*I/S %\LD FOCUS ON A ?IRD PROTAGONI/--! G5]AL PUBLIC4 ,WE W9 OR LOSE \R /RUGGLE ON ! T]RA9 ( H[ MU* SOV]EIGNTY ! POPULACE AT L>GE IS WILL+ TO C$E TO ! /ATE1 H[ MU* 9TRUSION IT IS WILL+ TO PUT UP )4 ,IF WE MU/ SPEAK ( RI<TS AT ALL1 RA!R ?AN >GUE ?AT WE HAVE ! RI<T TO FREE SPEE* LET US SIMPLY ASS]T ?AT ! /ATE HAS NO RI<T TO SUPPRESS US4 ,BETT] YET1 LET'S DEVELOP ANO!R LANGUAGE 5TIRELY4 

,FREE ,SPEE* & ,DEMOCRACY444 

,! DISC\RSE ( FREE SPEE* 9 DEMOCRACY PRESUMES ?AT NO SIGNIFICANT IMBALANCES ( P[] EXI/1 & ?AT ! PRIM>Y ME*ANISM ( *ANGE IS RATIONAL DISCUSSION4 ,9 FACT1 A CAPITALI/ ELITE CONTROLS MO/ RES\RCES1 & P[] CRY/ALLIZES UPW>D ALONG MULTIPLE AXES ( OPPRESSION4 ,AGA9/ ?IS CONFIGURATION1 IT TAKES A LOT MORE ?AN SPEE* ALONE TO OP5 ! POSSIBILITY ( SOCIAL *ANGE4 

,!RE CAN BE NO TRULY FREE SPEE* EXCEPT AMONG EQUALS--AMONG P>TIES :O >E NOT JU/ EQUAL BE=E ! LAW1 BUT :O HAVE COMP>ABLE ACCESS TO RES\RCES & EQUAL SAY 9 ! WORLD !Y %>E4 ,CAN AN EMPLOYEE REALLY BE SAID TO BE AS FREE TO EXPRESS H]SELF AS H] BOSS1 IF ! LATT] CAN TAKE AWAY H] LIVELIHOOD8 ,>E TWO PEOPLE EQUALLY FREE TO EXPRESS !IR VIEWS :5 ONE [NS A NEWS NETWORK & ! O!R CANNOT EV5 AF=D TO PHOTOCOPY FLI]S8 ,9 ! ,U,S1 :]E DONATIONS TO POLITICAL C&IDATES LEGALLY CON/ITUTE SPEE*1 ! MORE MONEY Y\ HAVE1 ! MORE 0FREE SPEE*0 Y\ CAN EX]CISE4 ,AS ! SLOGAN GOES1 FRE$OM ISN'T FREE--& NO:]E IS ?AT CLE>] ?AN ) SPEE*4 

,CONTR>Y TO ! PROPAG&A ( DEMOCRACY1 IDEAS ALONE HAVE NO 9TR9SIC =CE4 ,\R CAPACITY TO ACT ON \R BELIEFS1 NOT JU/ TO EXPRESS !M1 DET]M9ES H[ MU* P[] WE HAVE4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ! 0M>KETPLACE ( IDEAS0 METAPHOR IS /RIK+LY APT3 Y\ NE$ CAPITAL TO P>TICIPATE1 & ! MORE Y\ HAVE1 ! GREAT] Y\R ABILITY TO 5ACT ! IDEAS Y\ BUY 9TO4 ,JU/ AS ! SUCCESS ( A FEW 5TREPR5EURS & SUP]/>S IS HELD UP AS PRO( ?AT ! FREE M>KET REW>DS H>D WORK & +5UITY1 ! MY? ( ! M>KETPLACE ( IDEAS SUGGE/S ?AT ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM P]SI/S BECAUSE EV]YONE--BILLIONAIRE & BELLBOY ALIKE--AGREES IT IS ! BE/ IDEA4 

444,SO ,LONG AS ,Y\ ,DON'T ,DO ,ANY?+ 

,BUT :AT IF1 DESPITE ! SKEW$ PLAY+ FIELD1 SOMEONE MANAGES TO SAY SOME?+ ?AT ?REAT5S TO DE/ABILIZE ! P[] /RUCTURE8 ,IF HI/ORY IS ANY 9DICATION1 IT SWIFTLY TURNS \T ?AT FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION IS NOT SU* A SACROSANCT RI<T AFT] ALL4 ,9 PRACTICE1 WE >E P]MITT$ FREE SPEE* ONLY 9S(> AS EXPRESS+ \R VIEWS *ANGES NO?+4 ,! PREMISE ?AT SPEE* ALONE CANNOT BE H>MFUL IMPLIES ?AT SPEE* IS PRECISELY ?AT :I* IS 9EFFECTUAL3 !RE=E ANY?+ EFFECTUAL IS NOT 9CLUD$ AMONG ONE'S RI<TS4 

,DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I1 ! ,ESPIONAGE ,ACT CRIM9ALIZ$ ANY ATTEMPT TO 0CAUSE 9SUBORD9ATION1 DISLOYALTY1 MUT9Y1 .<OR.> REFUSAL ( DUTY0 OR TO OB/RUCT RECRUIT+ = ! >M$ =CES4 ,PRESID5T ,WOODR[ ,WILSON URG$ ! BILL'S PASSAGE BECAUSE HE BELIEV$ ANTIW> ACTIVITY C\LD UND]M9E ! ,U,S W> EF=T4 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN & ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN W]E >RE/$ UND] ?IS LAW = PR9T+ AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE ?AT OPPOS$ ! W>4 ,LIKEWISE1 ! ,AN>*I/ ,EXCLUSION ,ACT & ! SUBSEQU5T ,IMMIGRATION ,ACT W]E US$ TO DEPORT OR D5Y 5TRY TO ANY IMMIGRANT 0:O DISBELIEVES 9 OR :O IS OPPOS$ TO ALL ORGANIZ$ GOV]NM5T40 ,B]KMAN1 ,GOLDMAN1 & HUNDR$S ( O!R AN>*I/S W]E DEPORT$ UND] !SE ACTS4 ,!RE >E C\NTLESS O!R EXAMPLES %[+ ?AT :5 SPEE* CAN ?REAT5 ! F\NDATION ( /ATE P[]1 EV5 ! MO/ DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T DOESN'T HESITATE TO SUPPRESS IT4 

,?US1 :5 ! /ATE PRES5TS ITSELF AS ! DEF5D] ( FREE SPEE*1 WE CAN BE SURE ?AT ?IS IS BECAUSE \R RUL]S BELIEVE ?AT ALL[+ CRITICISM WILL /R5G!N !IR POSITION MORE ?AN SUPPRESS+ IT C\LD4 ,LIB]AL PHILOSOPH] & ,A,C,L,U MEMB] ,?OMAS ,EM]SON SAW ?AT FRE$OM ( SPEE* 0CAN ACT AS A K9D ( 'SAFETY VALVE' TO LET (F /EAM :5 PEOPLE MI<T O!RWISE BE B5T ON REVOLUTION40 ,!RE9 LIES ! TRUE PURPOSE ( ! RI<T TO FREE SPEE* 9 ! ,U,S4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bba 3 ,NOT ,JU/ ,FREE ,SPEE*1 BUT ,FRE$OM ,ITSELF -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,NOT ,JU/ ,FREE ,SPEE*1 BUT ,FRE$OM ,ITSELF -- ,UPDAT$4 

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