,NON-,GOV]NM5TAL ,SOCIETY 

#aiag 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,$W>D ,C>P5T] 

,TEXT 3 

,MO/ PEOPLE AGREE N[ADAYS 9 ! VIEW ?AT ! GR[? ( BUREAUCRACY & (FICIALISM 9 ! MOD]N ,/ATE IS A S]I\S EVIL1 & ?AT ! EXT5SION ( ,GOV]NM5T 9T]F]5CE & ! MULTIPLICATION ( ,LAWS >E A GREAT DANG]4 ,WE ALL KN[ ?AT ! 9/ITUTION ( ! ,LAW & ! ,C\RTS ACTUALLY CREATES & GIVES RISE TO HUGE MASSES ( EVIL -- BRIB]Y1 BLACKMAIL1 P]JURY1 SPY+ & LY+1 WRONGFUL ACCUSATION1 USELESS & DELIB]ATE SUFF]+ & CRUELTY2 ?AT IT PUBLICLY SANCTIONS & ORGANIZES VIOL5CE1 EV5 9 EXTREME =MS2 ?AT IT QUITE DIRECTLY & DELIB]ATELY SUPPORTS VA/ & OBVI\S WRONGS 9 ,SOCIETY -- AS = 9/ANCE L&-MONOPOLY2 ?AT IT IS ABSURD & SELF-CONTRADICTORY 9 MU* ( ITS !ORY & PRACTICE2 ?AT 7AS ,H]B]T ,SP5C] SO FREQU5TLY 9SI/S7 IT P>ALYZES ! FOLK ?AT SUBMIT OR TRU/ TO IT2 & F9ALLY ?AT IT IS TO-DAY = ! MO/ P>T SO ANTIQUAT$ & \T ( DATE ?AT 7EV5 IF ?IS W]E ?\<T DESIRABLE7 IT MI<T WELL SEEM IMPRACTICABLE TO PAT* IT UP = REAL HUMAN USE4 

,YET 9 !SE CASES -- ?\< WE ADMIT ?AT ! ?+S >E EVIL -- \R DEF5SE USUALLY IS ?AT !Y C>RY SOME COMP5SATIONS ) !M1 & ?AT ANYH[ !Y >E NECESS>Y EVILS1 :I* WE CANNOT DISP5SE )1 & )\T :I* DISORD]1 VIOL5CE & SOCIAL DISRUPTION W\LD 5SUE4 

,IT MAY BE WOR? :ILE TO CONSID] ?IS DEF5SE MORE CLOSELY2 = CURI\SLY 5\< ! HI/ORY ( NATIONS & PEOPLES IS1 ON ! :OLE1 TO CONTR>Y EFFECT4 ,NOT ONLY HAVE ALL ! E>LY TRIBES ( ! WORLD GOT ON & COH]$ TOGE!R 9 ORD] & SOCIAL AMITY )\T ANY RIGID & POND]\S SY/EM ( LAWS2 BUT EV5 AMONG ! PEASANT PEOPLES ( TO-DAY -- LIKE ! ,IRI% OR ! ,SW$ES OR ! ,SWISS OR ! ,*9ESE -- :]E !Y >E /ILL LIV+ 9 MOD]ATELY PRIMITIVE CONDITIONS1 WE F9D ! SAME ?+4 ,GOV]NM5TAL LAW & ITS OP]ATIONS & 9/ITUTIONS OCCUPY BUT A V]Y SMALL P>T 9 !IR LIVES4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ,CU/OM IS /RONG AMONG ALL PRIMITIVE FOLK1 NO D\BT AS A V]Y NECESS>Y BACKBONE OR FRAMEWORK TO !IR SOCIETY2 BUT ,CU/OM IS A V]Y DIFF]5T ?+ FROM ,LAW4 ,IT IS LAW 9 ITS 9CEPTION -- :5 IT IS YET 9 A T5TATIVE1 RUDIM5T>Y CONDITION2 & H[EV] H>%1 RIGID1 OR S5SELESS ! CU/OMS ( MANY SAVAGE TRIBES MAY BE1 !Y >E YET EASI] TO ALT] ?AN :5 !Y HAVE BECOME OSSIFI$ 9TO WRITT5 =MS1 ) !IR HUGE WEI<T ( AGE & C]EMONY1 & ! AU?ORITY ( >M$ M5 TO 5=CE !M4 .<#a.> 

,?AT HUMAN SOCIETIES CAN SUBSI/ )\T A CONSID]ABLE AM\NT ( ,CU/OM WE MAY WELL D\BT2 BUT ?AT !Y CAN SUBSI/ & MA9TA9 !MSELVES 9 GOOD ORD] & VITALITY )\T WRITT5 LAW & ITS 9/ITUTIONS !RE IS NO REASON AT ALL TO D\BT4 ,& :5 ,CU/OM1 AMONG A REASONABLE & MOD]ATELY ADVANC$ PEOPLE1 LEAV+ BEH9D ! B>B>ITIES ( ! SAVAGE AGE1 TAKES ON A G5TL] =M1 & :ILE EX]CIS+ CONSID]ABLE PRESSURE ON 9DIVIDUALS IS ITSELF FAIRLY PLA/IC & ADAPTABLE TO ! G5]AL MOVEM5TS ( SOCIETY -- WE SEEM TO SEE 9 SU* PRESSURE A =CE AS F> SUP]IOR TO ,LAW AS LIFE ITSELF IS SUP]IOR TO M]E ME*ANISM4 ,A VA/ AM\NT ( \R SOCIAL LIFE TO-DAY 9 ALL DEP>TM5TS ( ITS ACTIVITY IS RUL$ BY ,CU/OM1 & SOME ( !SE CU/OMS1 LIKE ?OSE ( 0SOCIETY0 & FA%ION1 HAVE A V]Y P[]FUL SWAY4 ,!RE IS NO LAW1 = 9/ANCE1 = ! RECOV]Y ( BETT+ DEBTS1 YET !IR NONPAYM5T IS EXTREMELY R>E4 

,( C\RSE1 ACCU/OM$ AS WE >E TO 0CALL ! POLICEMAN0 ON EV]Y EM]G5CY1 WE F9D IT H>D TO IMAG9E LIFE )\T ?IS 9/ITUTION2 & \R LIFE BE+ L>GELY F\ND$ ON IT1 IT IS SO F> NECESS>Y1 & ITS REMOVAL W\LD CAUSE DISLOCATION4 ,?AT IS1 S9CE )\T ! POLICE ! PRES5T SPOLIATION ( ! POOR W\LD NOT BE POSSIBLE1 & ! 5ORM\S EXI/+ 9EQUALITIES ( WEAL? & POV]TY C\LD NEV] HAVE BE5 HEAP$ UP -- )\T !M ! SOCIETY F\ND$ ON !SE >TIFICIAL 9EQUALITIES C\LD NOT WELL BE MA9TA9$4 .<#b.> ,BUT TO SAY ?AT BECAUSE A C]TA9 9/ITUTION IS NECESS>Y TO BUILD UP & RETA9 SOCIETY 9 A C]TA9 ABNORMAL & UNNATURAL =M1 !RE=E SOCIETY CANNOT EXI/ )\T ?AT 9/ITUTION1 IS ! SAME AS TO SAY ?AT BECAUSE TO A ,*9ESE WOMAN ( RANK FOOT-B&AGES >E NECESS>Y1 !RE=E WOM5 G5]ALLY CANNOT EXI/ )\T FOOT-B&AGES4 ,WE HAVE TO REALIZE ?AT \R PRES5T SOCIAL =MS >E AS UGLY & 9HUMAN AS A CLUB FOOT2 & !N WE %ALL BEG9 TO REALIZE H[ LITTLE NECESS>Y >E !SE 9/ITUTIONS1 LIKE LAW & POLICE1 :OSE *IEF CONC]N & (FICE IS TO RETA9 & DEF5D !SE =MS4 

,! *IEF DIFFICULTY1 !N1 :I* >ISES 9 PEOPLE'S M9DS AT ! ?\<T ( A FREE NONGOV]NM5TAL SOCIETY DOES NOT CONC]N ITS DESIRABILITY -- !Y >E AGRE$ AS A RULE ?AT IT W\LD BE DESIRABLE -- BUT CONC]NS ITS PRACTICABILITY4 ,& MU* ( ?IS DIFFICULTY IS D]IV$ FROM ! SOCIETY ( ! PRES5T4 ,PEOPLE SEE1 9 FACT1 ?AT AN 9T]NEC9E COMPETITION = SUBSI/5CE IS ! RUL+ =CE ( LIFE TO-DAY1 & ! *IEF 9C5TIVE TO PRODUCTION1 & !Y 9F] ?AT )\T GOV]NM5T SOCIETY W\LD DISSOLVE 9TO A M]E *AOS ( PLUND] ON ! ONE H& & ( LAZ9ESS ON ! O!R4 .<#c.> ,IT IS ?IS DIFFICULTY :I* HAS FIR/ TO BE REMOV$4 

,?\< IT SEEMS A H>D ?+ TO SAY1 ! \T] LIFE ( SOCIETY TO-DAY IS ANIMAT$ FIR/ & =EMO/ BY ,FE>4 ,FROM ! WRET*$ WAGE-SLAVE :O RISES BE=E ! BREAK ( DAY1 HURRIES ?R\< SQUALID /REETS TO ! DISMAL S\ND ( ! 0HUMM]10 5GAGES = N9E1 T51 OR TWELVE H\RS1 & = A PITTANCE WAGE1 9 MONOTON\S WORK :I* AF=DS HIM NO 9T]E/1 NO PLEASURE2 :O RETURNS HOME TO F9D HIS *ILDR5 GONE TO B$1 HAS HIS SUPP]1 &1 WORN \T & WE>Y1 SOON RETIRES HIMSELF1 ONLY TO RISE AGA9 9 ! MORN+ & PURSUE ! SAME DEADLY R\ND2 & :O LEADS A LIFE ?US MONOTON\S1 9HUMAN1 & DEVOID ( ALL DIGNITY & REALITY1 SIMPLY BECAUSE HE IS H\ND$ TO IT BY ! DREAD ( />VATION2 -- TO ! BIG COMM]CIAL MAN1 :O1 KN[+ ?AT HIS WEAL? HAS COME TO HIM ?R\< SPECULATION & ! TURNS & TWI/S ( ! M>KET1 FE>S ?AT IT MAY AT ANY MOM5T TAKE TO ITSELF W+S BY ! SAME MEANS2 :O FEELS ?AT ! MORE WEAL? HE HAS1 ! MORE WAYS !RE >E 9 :I* HE MAY LOSE IT1 ! MORE C>ES & ANXIETIES BELONG+ TO IT2 & :O TO CONT9UALLY MAKE HIS POSITION SECURE IS1 OR ?9KS HIMSELF1 =C$ TO /OOP TO ALL SORTS ( MEAN & DIRTY TRICKS2 -- OV] ! GREAT MASS ( PEOPLE ! SAME DEMON SPREADS ITS DUSKY W+S4 ,FEV]I% ANXIETY IS ! KEYNOTE ( !IR LIVES4 ,!RE IS NO ROOM = NATURAL GLADNESS OR BUOYANCY ( SPIRITS4 ,Y\ MAY WALK ! /REETS ( \R GREAT CITIES1 BUT Y\ WILL HE> NO ONE S++ -- EXCEPT = COPP]S2 H>DLY A PL[BOY TO-DAY :I/LES 9 ! FURR[1 & 9 ALMO/ EV]Y FACTORY 7?IS IS A FACT7 IF A WORKMAN SANG AT HIS WORK HE W\LD BE 0SACK$40 ,WE >E LIKE %IPWRECK$ FOLK CLAMB]+ UP A CLIFF4 ,! WAVES >E RAG+ BEL[4 ,EA* ONE CL+S BY H&HOLD OR FOO?OLD :]E HE MAY1 & 9 ! PANIC IF HE PU% HIS NEI<BOR FROM A PO9T ( VANTAGE1 IT IS TO BE REGRETT$ C]TA9LY1 BUT IT CANNOT BE HELP$4 

,BUT SU* A /ATE ( AFFAIRS IS NOT NORMAL4 ,M[+ ?AT ! /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE 9 SOME DEGREE OR =M IS UNAVOIDABLE1 HI/ORY /ILL1 EXCEPT AT R>E CRISES1 PRES5TS US ) NO SU* SPECTACLE ( WIDESPREAD ANXIETY2 ! /UDY ( NATIVE RACES :OM WE MI<T CONSID] 9 A /ATE ( DE/ITUTION -- REVEALS NO SU* DOM9ION ( DREAD4 ,I WANT ! READ] TO IMAG9E = A MOM5T ?IS BURD5 ( FE> LIFT$ (F ! HE>TS ( A :OLE PEOPLE1 & ! RESULT4 

,LET US IMAG9E = A MOM5T ?AT SOME GOOD FAIRY -- SOME TRANSC5D5TAL ,*ANCELLOR ( ! ,EX*EQU] -- ) A /ROKE ( HIS W&1 HAS ASSUR$ TO US ALL NOT ONLY AN OLD AGE P5SION1 BUT A DEC5T PROVISION = ALL \R DAYS ( ! ACTUAL NECESS>IES ( LIFE 7TO GO NO FUR!R ?AN ?AT72 SO ?AT = ! FUTURE NO MAN C\LD FEEL ANY S]I\S OR GR9D+ ANXIETY = HIS [N MAT]IAL SAFETY1 OR ?AT ( HIS FAMILY4 ,:AT W\LD BE ! RESULT ON \R ACTIONS8 

,P]HAPS1 AS MANY W\LD MA9TA91 N9E-T5?S ( ! POPULATION W\LD SAY1 0,I'M BLESS$ IF ,I'LL EV] DO ANO!R /ROKE ( WORK40 ,LIKE ! ORGAN-GR9D] :O CAME 9TO A LITTLE =TUNE1 & :O =?) PICK$ UP AN AX & FELL UPON HIS ORGAN1 %\T+ AS HE HACK$ IT TO PIECES1 0,Y\ %ALL NEFF] PLAY DAT TAM ,ALABAMA ,COON ANY MORE10 WE %\LD FEEL SO SICK ( \R PRES5T JOBS ?AT WE %\LD WANT TO TURN \R BACKS ON !M = EV]4 ,V]Y LIKELY1 ,I %\LD SAY -- & RI<TLY 5\< TOO2 = 0WORK0 9 ! PRES5T DAY IS DONE UND] SU* DEGRAD+ & MIS]ABLE CONDITIONS BY ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION ?AT ! V]Y BE/ & MO/ MANLY ?+ W\LD BE TO REFUSE TO CONT9UE DO+ IT4 

,BUT LET US SUPPOSE1 S9CE A B>E LIV+ HAS BE5 ASSUR$ TO US1 & WE >E 9 NO DANG] ( ACTUAL />VATION1 ?AT WE ALL TAKE A GOOD LONG HOLIDAY1 & AB/A9 RELIGI\SLY FROM DO+ ANY?+4 ,SUPPOSE ?AT WE SIMPLY TWIRL \R ?UMBS 9 IDL5ESS = TWO1 ?REE1 F\R1 OR SIX MON?S4 ,/ILL1 IS IT NOT OBVI\S ?AT AT ! 5D ( ?AT TIME N9E-T5?S ( ! POPULATION W\LD F9D %E] IDL5ESS APPALL+LY DRE>Y1 & ?AT !Y W\LD SET !MSELVES TO WORK AT SOME ?+ OR O!R TO PRODUCE COM=TS OR CONV5I5CES RIS+ ABOVE ! LEVEL ( %E] NECESSITY -- OBJECTS ( USE OR BEAUTY1 EI!R = !MSELVES1 OR = !IR FAMILIES & NEI<BORS1 OR EV5 CONCEIVABLY = SOCIETY AT L>GE2 ?AT1 9 FACT1 A SPONTANE\S & FREE PRODUCTION ( GOODS W\LD SPR+ UP1 FOLL[$ ( C\RSE BY A SPONTANE\S & FREE EX*ANGE -- A SELF-SUPPORT+ SOCIETY1 BAS$ NOT ON 9DIVIDUAL DREAD & ANXIETY1 BUT ON ! COMMON FULLNESS ( LIFE & 5]GY8 

,?AT PEOPLE RELIEV$ FROM C>E DO SPONTANE\SLY SET !MSELVES TO WORK IS SUFFICI5TLY %[N BY ! CASE ( ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES TODAY4 ,= !SE PEOPLE1 ?\< HAV+ EV]Y?+ PROVID$ = !M1 & NOT M]ELY ! B>E NECESS>IES :I* WE HAVE SUPPOS$1 EXHIBIT ! MO/ EXTRAORD9>Y & FEV]I% 5]GY 9 SEEK+ EMPLOYM5T4 ,A FEW DECADES ( YE>S HAVE BE5 QUITE SUFFICI5T TO MAKE !M FEEL ! UTT] FAILURE ( PICNICS AS AN OBJECT 9 LIFE2 & N[ WE >E FLOOD$ ) PHILAN?ROPIC & B5EVOL5T SOCIETIES1 LEAGUES1 *>ITY ORGANIZATIONS1 >T MISSIONS TO ! POOR1 VIGILANCE CRUSADES1 & O!R ACTIVITIES1 :I* >E SIMPLY ! EXPRESSION ( ! NATURAL 5]GIES ( ! HUMAN BE+ SEEK+ AN \TLET 9 SOCIAL USEFULNESS4 ,IT IS1 ( C\RSE1 TO BE REGRETT$ ?AT [+ TO ! V]Y IMP]FECT $UCATION ( ?IS CLASS !IR IDEAS & !IR CAPACITIES ( SOCIAL USEFULNESS %\LD BE SO LIMIT$4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS IS A DEFECT :I* WILL NO D\BT BE REM$I$ 9 ! FUTURE4 ,ALL ?AT CONC]NS US H]E IS TO SEE ?AT S9CE ! RI*1 ?\< 9 MANY WAYS ILL-ADAPT$ BY TRA9+ & TRADITION1 DO SPONTANE\SLY TAKE UP A LIFE ( ?IS K9D1 !RE IS NO?+ EXTRAVAGANT 9 SUPPOS+ ?AT ! AV]AGE MAN1 SURR\ND$ BY SO MANY UNFULFILL$ NE$S1 MI<T DO ! SAME4 

,& IF ANY ONE /ILL D\BTS LET HIM CONSID] ! ?\S&S 9 \R L>GE T[NS TO-DAY :O W\LD GIVE !IR E>S TO BE ABLE TO GET \T & WORK ON ! L& -- NOT SO MU* FROM ANY PROSPECT ( MAK+ A =TUNE ?AT WAY1 AS FROM M]E LOVE ( ! LIFE2 OR :O 9 !IR SP>E TIME CULTIVATE G>D5S OR PLOTS OR ALLOTM5TS AS A HOBBY2 OR ! ?\S&S :O :5 ! REGUL> DAY'S WORK IS OV] />T SOME FRE% LITTLE OCCUPATION ( !IR [N -- SOME CAB9ETMAK+1 WOODTURN+1 ORNAM5TAL IRON-WORK OR :ATNOT2 ! SCORES ( ?\S&S1 9 FACT1 ?AT !RE >E ( NATURAL G>D5]S1 CAB9ET-MAK]S1 IRON-WORK]S1 & SO =?2 & !N ?9K H[ IF !Y W]E FREE !SE FOLK W\LD SORT !MSELVES SPONTANE\SLY TO ! WORK !Y DELI<T$ 94 

,?US IT APPE>S TO BE AT LEA/ CONCEIVABLE ?AT A PEOPLE NOT H\ND$ ON BY COMPULSION NOR KEPT 9 SUBJECTION BY %E] AU?ORITY1 W\LD SET ITSELF SPONTANE\SLY TO PRODUCE ! ?+S :I* IT PRIZ$4 ,IT DOES NOT1 ( C\RSE1 AT ONCE FOLL[ ?AT ! RESULT %\LD BE P]FECT ORD] & H>MONY4 ,BUT !RE >E A FEW CONSID]ATIONS 9 ! POSITIVE DIRECTION :I* ,I MAY 9TRODUCE H]E4 

,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 EA* P]SON W\LD BE GUID$ 9 ! SELECTION ( HIS OCCUPATION BY HIS [N TA/E & SKILL1 OR AT ANY RATE W\LD BE GUID$ BY !SE TO A GREAT] EXT5T ?AN HE IS TO-DAY2 & ON ! :OLE W\LD BE MORE LIKELY TO F9D ! WORK = :I* HE WAS FITT$ ?AN HE IS N[4 ,! 9CREASE 9 EFFECTIVE \TPUT & VITALITY FROM ?IS CAUSE ALONE W\LD BE GREAT4 ,:ILE ! IMM5SE V>IETY ( TA/E & SKILL 9 HUMAN BE+S W\LD LEAD TO A CORRESPOND+ V>IETY ( SPONTANE\S PRODUCTS4 

,9 ! SECOND PLACE1 ! WORK DONE W\LD BE USEFUL4 ,IT IS C]TA9 ?AT NO MAN W\LD FREELY SET HIMSELF TO DIG A HOLE1 ONLY TO FILL IT UP AGA9 -- ?\< IT IS EQUALLY C]TA9 ?AT A VA/ AM\NT ( ! WORK DONE TO-DAY IS NO MORE USEFUL ?AN ?AT4 ,IF A MAN W]E A CAB9ET-MAK] & MADE A *E/ ( DRAW]S1 EI!R = HIMSELF OR A NEI<BOR1 HE W\LD MAKE IT SO ?AT ! DRAW]S W\LD OP5 & %UT2 BUT N9E-T5?S ( ! *E/S MADE ON COMM]CIAL PR9CIPLES >E SU* ?AT ! DRAW]S WILL NEI!R OP5 NOR %UT4 ,!Y >E NOT MEANT TO BE USEFUL2 !Y >E MEANT TO HAVE ! SEMBLANCE ( BE+ USEFUL2 BUT !Y >E REALLY MADE TO SELL4 ,TO SELL1 & BY SELL+ YIELD A PR(IT4 ,& = ?AT PURPOSE !Y >E BETT] ADAPT$ IF1 APPE>+ USEFUL1 !Y TURN \T REALLY USELESS1 = !N ! BUY] MU/ COME AGA91 & SO YIELD ANO!R PR(IT TO ! MANUFACTUR] & ! M]*ANT4 ,! WA/E TO ! COMMUNITY TO-DAY >IS+ FROM CAUSES ( ?IS K9D IS 5ORM\S2 BUT IT IS ( NO MOM5T AS LONG AS !RE IS PR(IT TO A C]TA9 CLASS4 

,WORK 9 A FREE SOCIETY W\LD BE DONE BECAUSE IT WAS USEFUL4 ,IT IS CURI\S1 :5 Y\ COME TO ?9K ( IT1 ?AT !RE IS NO O!R CONCEIVABLE REASON :Y WORK %\LD BE DONE4 ,& ( C\RSE ,I H]E 9CLUDE :AT IS BEAUTIFUL UND] ! T]M USEFUL1 -- AS !RE IS NO REASON :Y ONE %\LD SEP>ATE :AT SATISFIES ONE HUMAN NE$1 LIKE ! NE$ ( BEAUTY1 FROM ANO!R HUMAN NE$1 LIKE ! NE$ ( FOOD4 ,I SAY ! IDEA ( WORK IMPLIES ?AT IT IS UND]TAK5 BECAUSE ! PRODUCT ITSELF SATISFIES SOME HUMAN NE$4 ,BUT /RANGELY 5\< 9 ,COMM]CE ?AT IS NOT SO4 ,! WORK IS UND]TAK5 9 ORD] ?AT ! PRODUCT MAY SELL1 & SO YIELD A PR(IT2 ?AT IS ALL4 ,IT IS ( NO MOM5T :AT ! PRODUCT IS1 OR :E!R BAD OR GOOD1 AS LONG AS IT FULFILLS ?IS ONE CONDITION4 ,& SO ! :OLE SPIRIT ( LIFE & 9DU/RY 9 ! O!R SOCIETY W\LD BE SO UTT]LY DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( ! PRES5T1 ?AT IT IS REALLY DIFFICULT = US TO COMP>E ! RESULTS4 ,BUT IT IS NOT DIFFICULT TO SEE ?AT IF ON ! PR9CIPLES ( FRE$OM !RE WAS NOT SO MU* PRODUC$ 9 M]E QUANTITY1 & FOLK DID NOT 7AS MAY 9DE$ BE HOP$7 WORK SO MANY H\RS A DAY AS N[1 /ILL1 ! GOODS TURN$ \T BE+ S9C]E & G5U9E1 !RE W\LD REALLY BE F> MORE VALUE %[N 9 A YE> ?AN ON ! /RICTLY COMM]CIAL SY/EM4 

,9 ! ?IRD PLACE1 IT FOLL[S -- AS ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS SO CON/ANTLY MA9TA9$ -- ?AT 0WORK0 9 ! NEW S5SE W\LD BE A PLEASURE -- ONE ( ! GREATE/ PLEASURES UND\BT$LY ( LIFE2 & ?IS ONE FACT W\LD TRANS=M ITS :OLE *>ACT]4 ,WE CANNOT SAY ?AT N[4 ,H[ MANY >E !RE :O TAKE REAL PLEASURE & SATISFACTION 9 !IR DAILY LABOR8 ,>E !Y1 9 EA* T[N%IP1 TO BE C\NT$ ON ! F+]S8 ,BUT :AT IS ! GOOD ( LIFE IF ITS *IEF ELEM5T1 & ?AT :I* MU/ ALWAYS BE ITS *IEF ELEM5T1 IS ODI\S8 ,NO1 ! ONLY TRUE ECONOMY IS TO >RANGE SO ?AT Y\R DAILY LABOR %ALL BE ITSELF A JOY4 ,!N1 & !N ONLY1 >E Y\ ON ! SAFE SIDE ( LIFE4 ,&1 Y\R WORK BE+ SU*1 ITS PRODUCT IS SURE TO BECOME BEAUTIFUL2 ?AT PA9FUL DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! BEAUTIFUL & ! USEFUL DIES \T1 & EV]Y?+ MADE IS AN >TI/IC PRODUCT4 ,>T BECOMES CONT]M9\S ) LIFE4 

,?US IT WILL BE OBS]V$ ?AT :]EAS ! PRES5T SOCIETY IS F\ND$ ON A LAW-5=C$ SY/EM ( ,PRIVATE ,PROP]TY1 9 :I*1 ALMO/ NECESS>ILY1 ! COVET\S H>D TYPE ( MAN BECOMES ! L>GE PROPRIETOR1 & 7SUPPORT$ BY LAW & GOV]NM5T7 IS 5ABL$ TO PREY UPON ! SMALL ONE2 & :]EAS ! RESULT ( ?IS >RANGEM5T IS A BITT] & CONT9U\S /RUGGLE = POSSESSION1 9 :I* ! MOTIVE TO ACTIVITY IS MA9LY ,FE>2 WE1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 >E DIS5TANGL+ A CONCEPTION ( A SOCIETY 9 :I* ,PRIVATE ,PROP]TY IS SUPPORT$ BY NO APP>ATUS ( >M$ AU?ORITY1 BUT AS F> AS IT EXI/S IS A P]FECTLY SPONTANE\S >RANGEM5T1 9 :I* ! MA9 MOTIVES TO ACTIVITY >E NEI!R ,FE> NOR GRE$ ( ,GA91 BUT RA!R ,COMMUNITY ( LIFE & ,9T]E/ 9 LIFE -- 9 :I*1 9 FACT1 Y\ UND]TAKE WORK BECAUSE Y\ LIKE ! WORK BECAUSE Y\ FEEL ?AT Y\ CAN DO IT1 & BECAUSE Y\ KN[ ?AT ! PRODUCT WILL BE USEFUL1 EI!R TO Y\RSELF OR SOME ONE ELSE6 

,H[ ,UTOPIAN IT ALL S\NDS6 ,H[ ABSURDLY SIMPLE & SIMPLE-M9D$ -- TO WORK BECAUSE Y\ LIKE ! WORK & DESIRE ! PRODUCT4 ,H[ DELI<TFUL IF IT C\LD BE REALIZ$1 BUT1 ( C\RSE1 H[ 0UNPRACTICAL0 & IMPOSSIBLE4 

,YET IS IT REALLY IMPOSSIBLE8 ,FROM ,SOLOMON TO ,DR4 ,WATTS WE HAVE BE5 ADVIS$ TO GO TO ! ,ANT & ! ,BEE = 9/RUCTION1 & LO6 !Y >E UNPRACTICAL & ,UTOPIAN TOO4 ,CAN ANY?+ BE MORE FOOLI% ?AN ! CONDUCT ( !SE LITTLE CREATURES1 ANY ONE ( :OM WILL AT ANY MOM5T FACE DEA? 9 DEF5SE ( HIS TRIBE :ILE ! ,BEE IS ABSOLUTELY SO IGNORANT & S5SELESS1 ?AT 9/EAD ( /OR+ UP ! HONEY ?AT IT HAS GA!R$ 9 A LITTLE CELL ( ITS [N1 ) A NICE LOCK & KEY1 IT POSITIVELY PUTS IT 9 ! COMMON CELLS1 & CANNOT DI/+UI% IT FROM ! /ORES ( ! O!RS4 ,FOOLI% LITTLE ,BEE1 ! DAY WILL SURELY COME :5 Y\ WILL BITT]LY RUE Y\R 0UN?RIFTY0 CONDUCT1 & Y\ WILL F9D Y\RSELF />V+ :ILE Y\R FELL[-TRIBESM5 >E CONSUM+ ! FRUITS ( Y\R LABOR4 

,& ! HUMAN BODY ITSELF1 ?AT M>VEL\S EPITOME & MIRROR ( ! UNIV]SE1 H[ AB\T ?AT8 ,IS IT NOT ,UTOPIAN TOO8 ,IT IS COMPOS$ ( A MYRIAD CELLS1 MEMB]S1 ORGANS1 COMPACT$ 9TO A LIV+ UNITY4 ,A HEAL?Y BODY IS ! MO/ P]FECT SOCIETY CONCEIVABLE4 ,:AT DOES ! H& SAY :5 A PIECE ( WORK IS DEM&$ ( IT8 ,DOES IT B>GA9 FIR/ = :AT REW>D IT IS TO RECEIVE1 & REFUSE TO MOVE UNTIL IT HAS SECUR$ SATISFACTORY T]MS1 OR ! FOOT DECL9E TO TAKE US ON A J\RNEY TILL IT KN[S :AT SPECIAL GA9 IS TO ACCRUE TO IT !REBY8 ,MOT SO2 BUT EA* LIMB & CELL DOES ! WORK :I* IS BE=E IT TO DO1 & 7SU* IS ! ,UTOPIAN LAW7 ! FACT ( ITS DO+ ! WORK CAUSES ! CIRCULATION TO FL[ TO IT1 & IT IS N\RI%$ & F$ 9 PROPORTION TO ITS S]VICE4 ,& WE HAVE TO ASK :E!R ! SAME MAY NOT BE ! LAW ( A HEAL?Y HUMAN SOCIETY8 ,:E!R ! FACT ( A MEMB] DO+ S]VICE 'H[EV] HUMBLE7 TO ! COMMUNITY W\LD NOT BE QUITE SUFFICI5T TO 5SURE HIS PROVISION BY ! RE/ ) ALL ?AT HE MI<T NE$8 ,:E!R ! COMMUNITY W\LD ?9K ( ALL[+ SU* AN ONE TO />VE ANY MORE ?AN A MAN W\LD ?9K ( ALL[+ HIS LEA/ F+] TO P9E AWAY & DIE8 ,:E!R IT IS NOT POSSIBLE ?AT M5 W\LD CEASE TO FEEL ANY ANXIETY AB\T ! 0REW>D ( !IR LABOR02 ?AT !Y W\LD ?9K FIR/ ( !IR WORK & ! PLEASURE !Y HAD 9 DO+ IT1 & W\LD NOT D\BT ?AT ! REW>D W\LD FOLL[8 

,= 9DE$ ! 9/9CT TO DO ANY?+ :I* IS OBVI\SLY BE=E Y\ TO DO1 :I* IS WANT$1 & :I* Y\ CAN DO1 IS V]Y /RONG 9 HUMAN NATURE4 ,EV5 *ILDR51 ?OSE RUDIM5T>Y SAVAGES1 >E (T5 EXTREMELY PR\D TO BE 0USEFUL10 & IT IS CONCEIVABLE ?AT WE MI<T BE S5SIBLE 5\<1 9/EAD ( URG+ !M AS WE DO N[ TO 0GET ON10 TO MAKE MONEY1 TO BEAT !IR FELL[S 9 ! RACE ( LIFE1 & BY CLIMB+ ON O!R FOLK'S HEADS TO ULTIMATELY REA* A POSITION :]E !Y W\LD HAVE TO WORK NO LONG]1 -- ?AT WE MI<T TEA* !M H[ :5 !Y GREW UP !Y W\LD F9D !MSELVES MEMB]S ( A SELF- RESPECT+ SOCIETY :I*1 :ILE IT PROVID$ !M GRATIS ) ALL !Y MI<T NE$1 W\LD NATURALLY EXPECT !M 9 HONOR TO R5D] SOME S]VICE 9 RETURN4 ,EV5 SMALL *ILDR5 C\LD UND]/& ?AT4 ,IS IT QUITE 9CONCEIVABLE ?AT A SOCIETY ( GR[N M5 & WOM5 MI<T ACT UP TO IT8 

,BUT IT IS REALLY ABSURD TO >GUE AB\T ! POSSIBILITY ( !SE ?+S 9 HUMAN SOCIETY1 :5 WE HAVE SO MANY ACTUAL EXAMPLES ( !M BE=E \R EYES4 ,H]MAN ,MELVILLE1 9 ?AT *>M+ BOOK ,TYPEE1 DESCRIBES ! ,M>QUESAS ,ISL&]S ( ! ,PACIFIC1 AMONG :OM HE LIV$ = SOME TIME DUR+ ! YE> #a#h#d#f4 ,HE SAYS3 0,DUR+ ! TIME ,I LIV$ AMONG ! ,TYPEES NO ONE WAS EV] PUT UPON HIS TRIAL = ANY (F5SE AGA9/ ! PUBLIC4 ,TO ALL APPE>ANCES !RE W]E NO C\RTS ( LAW OR EQUITY4 ,!RE WAS NO MUNICIPAL POLICE = ! PURPOSES ( APPREH5D+ VAGRANTS OR DISORD]LY *>ACT]S4 ,9 %ORT1 !RE W]E NO LEGAL PROVISIONS :ATEV] = ! WELL-BE+ & CONS]VATION ( SOCIETY1 ! 5LI<T5$ 5D ( CIVILIZ$ LEGISLATION40 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! :OLE BOOK IS A EULOGY ( ! SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS HE MET )1 & ) ALMO/ A F]VOR ( ROMANCE 9 ITS TONE2 & YET1 LIKE ALL HIS DESCRIPTION ( ! NATIVES ( ! ,PACIFIC ,ISL&S1 UND\BT$LY ACCURATE1 & WELL CORROBORAT$ BY ! TRAVEL]S ( ! P]IOD4 ,AN EASY COMMUNISM PREVAIL$4 ,:5 A GOOD HAUL ( FI% WAS MADE1 ?OSE :O TOOK P>T 9 IT DID NOT KEEP ! BOOTY TO !MSELVES1 BUT P>CEL$ IT \T1 & S5T IT ?R\<\T ! TRIBE1 RETA9+ ONLY !IR PROPORTIONATE %>E4 ,:5 ONE FAMILY REQUIR$ A NEW CAB91 ! O!RS W\LD COME & HELP TO BUILD IT4 ,HE DESCRIBES SU* AN OCCASION1 :51 0AT LEA/ A HUNDR$ ( ! NATIVES W]E BR++ MAT]IALS TO ! GR\ND1 SOME C>RY+ 9 !IR H&S ONE OR TWO ( ! CANES :I* W]E TO =M ! SIDES1 O!RS SL5D] RODS ( HIBISCUS1 /RUNG ) PALMETTO LEAVES1 = ! RO(4 ,EV]Y ONE CONTRIBUT$ SOME?+ TO ! WORK2 & BY ! UNIT$ BUT EASY LABORS ( ALL ! 5TIRE WORK WAS COMPLET$ BE=E SUNSET40 

,SIMIL> COMMUNI/IC HABITS PREVAIL1 ( C\RSE1 ?R\< A VA/ NUMB] ( SAVAGE TRIBES1 & 9DE$ ALMO/ ANY:]E ?AT ! DI/9CTIVELY COMM]CIAL CIVILIZATION HAS NOT SET ITS M>K4 ,!Y MAY BE F\ND CLOSE AT HOME1 AS 9 ! LITTLE PRIMITIVE ISL& ( ,/4 ,KILDA1 9 ! ,HEBRIDES1 :]E EXACTLY ! SAME CU/OMS ( %>+ ! HAULS ( FI% OR ! LABORS ( H\SEBUILD+ EXI/ TO-DAY1 .<#d.> :I* ,MELVILLE DESCRIBES 9 ,TYPEE2 & !Y MAY BE F\ND ALL ALONG ! $GES ( \R3 CIVILIZATION 9 ! H>VE/+ & H\SE-W>M+ 0BEES0 ( ! BACKWOODS & \TLY+ F>M POPULATIONS4 ,& WE MAY FAIRLY ASK1 NOT :E!R SU* SOCIAL HABITS >E POSSIBLE1 BUT :E!R !Y >E NOT 9 ! 5D ! ONLY POSSIBLE =M2 = SURELY IT IS USELESS & ABSURD TO CALL !SE MOD]N HORDES ( PEOPLE1 /RUGGL+ ) EA* O!R = ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE1 & JAMM$ D[N BY VIOL5T & B>B>IC P5AL CODES 9TO CONDITIONS :I* 5=CE ! /RUGGLE1 SOCIETIES2 AS IT W\LD BE ABSURD TO CALL ! WRET*$ FOLK 9 ! ,BLACK ,HOLE ( ,CALCUTTA A SOCIETY4 ,IF ANY ONE WILL ONLY ?9K = A M9UTE ( HIS [N 9N] NATURE HE WILL SEE ?AT ! ONLY SOCIETY :I* W\LD EV] REALLY SATISFY HIM W\LD BE ONE 9 :I* HE WAS P]FECTLY FREE1 & YET B\ND BY TIES ( DEEPE/ TRU/ TO ! O!R MEMB]S2 & IF HE WILL ?9K = ANO!R M9UTE HE WILL SEE ?AT ! ONLY CONDITIONS ON :I* HE C\LD BE P]FECTLY FREE 7TO DO AS HE LIK$7 W\LD BE ?AT HE %\LD TRU/ & C>E = HIS NEI<BOR AS WELL AS HIMSELF4 ,! CONDITIONS >E P]FECTLY SIMPLE2 & S9CE !Y HAVE BE5 MORE OR LESS REALIZ$ BY C\NTLESS PRIMITIVE TRIBES ( ANIMALS & M51 IT IS SURELY NOT IMPOSSIBLE = CIVILIZ$ MAN TO REALIZE !M4 ,IF IT BE >GU$ 7:I* IS P]FECTLY TRUE7 ?AT MOD]N SOCIETIES >E SO MU* MORE COMPLEX ?AN ! PRIMITIVE ONES1 WE MAY REPLY ?AT IF MOD]N MAN1 ) HIS SCI5CE & HIS S*OOL-BO>DS1 & HIS BRA9 CULTIVAT$ ?R\< ALL !SE C5TURIES1 IS NOT COMPET5T TO SOLVE A MORE COMPLEX PROBLEM ?AN ! SAVAGE1 HE HAD BETT] RETURN TO SAVAG]Y4 

,BUT IT IS GETT+ TIME TO BE PRACTICAL4 

,( ! POSSIBILITY ( A FREE COMMUNAL SOCIETY !RE CAN REALLY1 ,I TAKE IT1 BE NO D\BT4 ,! QUE/ION ?AT MORE DEF9ITELY PRESSES ON US N[ IS ONE ( TRANSITION -- BY :AT /EPS %ALL WE1 OR CAN WE PASS TO ?AT L& ( FRE$OM8 

,WE HAVE SUPPOS$ A :OLE PEOPLE />T$ ON ITS J\RNEY BY ! LIFT+ (F ( A BURD5 ( FE> & ANXIETY2 BUT 9 ! LONG1 SL[ ASC5T ( EVOLUTION SUDD5 MIRACUL\S *ANGES >E NOT TO BE EXPECT$2 & = ?IS REASON ALONE IT IS OBVI\S ?AT WE CAN LOOK = NO V]Y SWIFT TRANS=MATION TO ! COMMUNAL =M4 ,PEOPLES ?AT HAVE LE>N$ ! LESSON ( 0TRADE0 & COMPETITION SO ?OR\<LY AS ! MOD]N NATIONS HAVE -- EA* MAN FI<T+ = HIS [N H& -- MU/ TAKE SOME TIME TO UNLE>N IT4 ,! S5TIM5T ( ! COMMON LIFE1 SO LONG NIPP$ & BLI<T$1 MU/ HAVE LEISURE TO GR[ & EXP& AGA92 & WE ACKN[L$GE ?AT -- 9 ORD] TO FO/] NEW IDEAS & NEW HABITS -- AN 9T]M$IATE /AGE ( DEF9ITE 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION MAY BE QUITE NECESS>Y4 

,:5 ONE LOOKS SOMETIMES AT ! AWFUL RESIDUE & DREGS :I* W]E BE+ LEFT AS A LEGACY TO ! FUTURE BY \R PRES5T COMM]CIAL SY/EM -- ! HOPELESS1 HELPLESS1 DRUNK51 9CAPABLE M5 & WOM5 :O DRIFT ?R\< ,LONDON & ! C\NTRY DI/RICTS FROM WORKH\SE TO WORKH\SE1 OR ! EQUALLY 9CAPABLE & MORE FUTILE IDL]S 9 HI< PLACES1 ONE FEELS ?AT POSSIBLY ONLY A RA!R /R+5T 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION 7SU* AS ! ,W> HAS BR\<T UPON US7 C\LD HAVE 5ABL$ SOCIETY TO COPE ) !SE BURD5S4 ,! H& ( ! NATION HAS ALREADY BE5 =C$ TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,F>M-COLONIES1 ,L&-RECLAMATIONS1 ,AF=E/ATION1 ,CANAL-RE/ORATION1 & O!R BIG 9DU/RIAL S*EMES1 & !SE >E LEAD+ TO A CONSID]ABLE SOCIALIZATION ( L& & MA*9]Y4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! ROLL+ UP ( COMPANIES 9TO HUGE & HUG] TRU/S IS1 AS WE PLA9LY SEE1 MAK+ ! TRANSF]5CE ( 9DU/RIES TO PUBLIC CONTROL & TO PUBLIC USES1 DAILY MORE EASY TO EFFECT4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS & ,COOP]ATIVE ,SOCIETIES BY ! DEVELOPM5T ( PRODUCTIVE AS WELL AS DI/RIBUTIVE 9DU/RIES1 & BY ! 9T]*ANGE ( GOODS ) EA* O!R ON AN EV]-GR[+ SCALE1 >E BR++ AB\T A SIMIL> RESULT4 ,!Y >E CREAT+ A SOCIETY 9 :I* 5ORM\S WEAL? IS PRODUC$ & H&L$ NOT = ! PR(IT ( ! FEW1 BUT = ! USE ( ! MANY -- A VOLUNT>Y COLLECTIVISM WORK+ )9 & P>ALLEL ) ! (FICIAL COLLECTIVISM ( ! ,/ATE4 

,AS ?IS D\BLE COLLECTIVISM GR[S & SPREADS1 PR(IT-GR9D+ WILL MORE & MORE CEASE TO BE A LUCRATIVE PR(ESSION4 ,?\< NO D\BT GREAT EF=TS WILL BE MADE 9 ! COMM]CIAL WORLD TO DISC\NT5ANCE ! PUBLIC ORGANIZATION ( ! UNEMPLOY$ 7BECAUSE ?IS WILL CUT AWAY ! GR\ND ( *EAP LABOR ON :I* COMM]CIALISM IS BUILT71 YET AS WE HAVE SE51 ! NECESSITY ( ?IS ORGANIZATION HAS REA*$ SU* A PO9T ?AT IT CAN NO LONG] BE D5I$4 ,& AS IT COMES 9 MORE & MORE1 IT WILL MORE & MORE REACT ON ! CONDITIONS ( ! EMPLOY$1 CAUS+ !M ALSO TO BE IMPROV$4 ,BESIDES1 WE >E FA9 TO HOPE ?AT SOME?+ ELSE ( :I* WE SEE GR[+ SIGNS ON EV]Y H&1 WILL ALSO COME 9 -- NAMELY A NEW S5SE ( SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY1 A NEW READ+ ( RELIGION1 A HEAL?I] PUBLIC OP9ION -- :I* WILL HELP ON & GIVE G5U9E LIFE TO ! *ANGES ( :I* WE SPEAK4 ,IF SO1 IT MI<T NOT BE SO V]Y LONG BE=E ! SPREAD ( EMPLOYM5T1 & ! GR[+ SECURITY ( DEC5T WAGES1 COMB9$ ) ! CONT9UAL IMPROVEM5T ( PRODUCTIVE PROCESSES & CONDITIONS1 W\LD BR+ AB\T A K9D ( G5]AL AFFLU5CE -- OR AT LEA/ ABS5CE ( POV]TY4 ,! UNWOR?Y FE> :I* HAUNTS ! HE>TS ( N9E-T5?S ( ! POPULATION1 ! ANXIETY = ! BEGG>LY ELEM5TS ( SUBSI/5CE1 W\LD PASS AWAY OR FADE 9 ! BACKGR\ND1 & ) IT ! MAD NI<TM>I% COMPETITION & BITT] /RUGGLE ( M5 ) EA* O!R4 ,EV5 ! S5SE ( ,PROP]TY ITSELF W\LD BE ALLEVIAT$4 ,TODAY ! 9/ITUTION ( ,PROP]TY IS LIKE A CA/-IRON RAIL+ AGA9/ :I* A HUMAN BE+ MAY BE CRU%$1 BUT :I* /ILL IS RETA9$ BECAUSE IT SAVES US FROM FALL+ 9TO ! GULF4 ,BUT TOMORR[1 :5 ! GULF ( POV]TY IS PRACTICALLY GONE1 ! 9DICAT+ L9E BETWE5 ONE P]SON & ANO!R NE$ RUN NO H>%] ?AN AN ELA/IC B&4 .<#e.> ,PEOPLE WILL WAKE UP ) SURPRISE1 & RUB !IR EYES TO F9D ?AT !Y >E UND] NO NECESSITY ( BE+ O!R ?AN HUMAN4 

,SIMULTANE\SLY 7I4E4 ) ! LESS5+ ( ! P[] ( MONEY AS AN 5G9E ( 9T]E/ & PR(IT-GR9D+7 ! HUGE NI<TM>E :I* WEI<S ON US TO-DAY1 ! MON/R\S 9CUBUS ( 0BUS9ESS0 -- ) ITS 5DLESS ,SISYPHUS LABORS1 ITS SE>*+S = M>KETS1 ITS DISPLACEM5T & DE/RUCTION ( ITS RIVALS1 ITS TRAVEL]S1 ITS ADV]TISEM5TS1 ITS >MIES ( CL]KS1 ITS BANK+ & BROK+1 ITS ACC\NTS & *ECK+ ( ACC\NTS -- WILL FADE & LESS5 9 IMPORTANCE2 TILL SOME DAY P]*ANCE IT WILL COLLAPSE1 & ROLL (F LIKE A GREAT BURD5 TO ! GR\ND6 ,FRE$ FROM ! GREAT /RA9 & WA/E :I* ALL ?IS SY/EM CREATES1 ! BODY POLITIC WILL RECOV] LIKE A MAN FROM A DISEASE1 & SPR+ TO UNEXPECT$ P[]S ( HEAL?4 

,MEAN:ILE 9 ! GREAT 9DU/RIAL ASSOCIATIONS1 VOLUNT>Y & O!R1 FOLK WILL HAVE BE5 LE>N+ ! S5TIM5T ( ! ,COMMON ,LIFE -- ! HABIT ( ACT+ TOGE!R = COMMON 5DS1 ! HABIT ( FEEL+ TOGE!R = COMMON 9T]E/S -- & ONCE ?IS HAS BE5 LE>N$1 ! RE/ WILL FOLL[ ( ITS [N ACCORD4 

,9 ! C\RSE ( !SE *ANGES1 MOV+ ALWAYS T[>DS A NON-GOV]NM5TAL & P]FECTLY VOLUNT>Y SOCIETY 9 ! 5D1 IT IS PROBABLE ?AT SOME ,PROP]TY-F\ND$ 9/ITUTIONS1 LIKE ! PAYM5T ( LABOR BY WAGES1 ?\< NOT EXACTLY IDEAL 9 !IR *>ACT]1 WILL CONT9UE = A LONG P]IOD4 ,IT MAY P]HAPS BE SAID ?AT 9 SOME WAYS A G5]\S WAGE-PAYM5T CONV5TION 7AS = 9/ANCE SKET*$ 9 ! LA/ *APT] ( ,C>RU!RS' ,COMM]CIAL & ,COMM]CIAL ,ECONOMY7 ON A ?OR\<LY DEMOCRATIC BASIS1 GIVES MORE FRE$OM ?AN A =MLESS ,AN>*ISM 9 :I* EA* ONE TAKES 0ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$S10 SIMPLY BECAUSE UND] ! FIR/ SY/EM ,A C\LD WORK TWO H\RS A DAY & LIVE ON ! WAGE ( TWO1 & ,B C\LD WORK EI<T & LIVE ON ! WAGE ( EI<T1 EA* ) P]FECT MORAL FRE$OM -- :]EAS IF !RE WAS NO WAGE SY/EM1 ,A 7H[EV] MU* HE MI<T WI% TO LOAF7 W\LD FEEL ?AT HE WAS *EAT+ ! COMMUNITY -- & ! COMMUNITY W\LD ?9K SO TOO -- UNLESS HE GAVE HIS EI<T H\RS LIKE EV]YBODY ELSE4 .<#f.> 

,SOME SY/EM TOO ( ,NATIONAL ,GUILDS WILL QUITE PROBABLY BE WORK$ \T1 :I*1 :ILE R5D]+ ! WORK]-GR\PS SELF-DET]M9+ WILL AW>D TO !M !IR FAIR %>E & !IR FAIR %>E ONLY ( ! ,NATIONAL 9COME4 ,!N1 ?\< ! ,CA%-NEXUS ,I MAY & NO D\BT WILL L+] ON = A LONG TIME 9 V>I\S =MS ( ,WAGES1 ,PUR*ASE1 ,SALE1 & SO =?1 IT MU/ 9EVITABLY ) ! *ANG+ S5TIM5T & CONDITIONS ( LIFE LOSE ITS CA/-IRON /R+5T *>ACT]1 & GRADUALLY BE CONV]T$ 9TO ! ELA/IC CORD1 :I* :ILE IT MAY 9DICATE A L9E ( SOCIAL CU/OM WILL YIELD TO PRESSURE :5 ! NE$ >ISES4 ,PRIVATE ,PROP]TY WILL ?US LOSE ITS PRES5T VIRUL5T *>ACT]1 &2 SUBSIDE 9TO A MATT] ( M]E USE OR CONV5I5CE2 MONET>Y RECKON+S & TRANSF]S1 AS TIME GOES ON1 WILL SEEM LITTLE MORE ?AN =MALITIES -- AS TO-DAY BETWE5 FRI5DS4 

,F9ALLY1 ,CU/OM ALONE WILL REMA94 ,! SUBSID5CE ( ! ,PROP]TY FEEL+ WILL MEAN ! SUBSID5CE ( BRUTE-=CE ,LAW1 = :OSE EXI/5CE ,PROP]TY IS MA9LY RESPONSIBLE4 ,! PEOPLES ACCU/OM$ TO ! V>I$ ACTIVITIES ( A COMPLEX 9DU/RIAL ORGANISM1 WILL /ILL -- ?\< NOT SUFF]+ FROM ! COMPULSION EI!R ( HUNG] OR ( BRUTE AU?ORITY -- CONT9UE ?R\< CU/OM TO C>RY ON ?OSE ACTIVITIES1 !IR ,REASON 9 ! MA9 APPROV+4 

,CU/OM WILL REMA9 -- SL[LY *ANG+4 ,& ! =M ( ! ,SOCIETIES ( ! FUTURE WILL BE MORE VITAL & ORGANIC1 & F> MORE TRULY HUMAN1 ?AN !Y HAVE BE5 OR C\LD BE UND] ! RIGID DOM9ATION ( ,LAW4 

  

.<#a.> ,SEE BEL[1 P4 GO ,SP5C] & ,GILL51 9 !IR LATE BOOK ,! ,NOR!RN ,TRIBES ( ,AU/RALIA1 SAY ?AT !RE >E NO *IEFS EV5 OR HEADM5 AMONG !SE PEOPLE2 BUT ! OLD M5 CON/ITUTE AN 9=MAL C\NCIL1 :I* PUNI%ES 0CRIME01 & ! BREAK+ ( M>RIAGE RULES1 ORGANIZES ! C]EMONIES1 & FROM TIME TO TIME 9AUGURATES RE=MS4 

.<#b.> ,?\<1 AS ALL MORE PRIMITIVE SOCIETY %[S US1 SMALL 9EQUALITIES & SU* AS >ISE FROM NATURAL DIFF]5CES ( HUMAN 9DU/RY & CAPACITY WILL ALWAYS BE WELCOME4 

.<#c.> ,?\< IT MU/1 TO BE /RICTLY IMP>TIAL1 BE PO9T$ \T ?AT ?IS DIFFICULTY IS *IEFLY FELT BY ?OSE CLASSES :O !MSELVES LIVE ON 9T]E/ & 9 ORNAM5TAL IDL5ESS4 

.<#d.> ,SEE ,*APT] ,X,I ( ,POV]TY & ! ,/ATE1 BY ,H4 ,V4 ,MILLS4 

.<#e.> ,?IS ALLEVIATION 9DE$ IS ALREADY 9 GOME CURI\S WAYS VISIBLE4 ,=TY YE>S AGO ! FEW DRESS$ 9 BROADCLO?1 ! MASSES 9 FU/IAN2 BUT N[ ?AT SILK IS MADE \T ( WOOD-PULP1 & EV]YBODY CAN DRESS & DOES DRESS 9 ! LATE/ FA%ION1 IT IS NO DI/9CTION TO HAVE F9E CLO!S4 ,SIMIL>LY ) BOOKS1 TRAVEL1 & A HUNDR$ O!R ?+S4 ,:AT IS ! GOOD ( BE+ A MILLIONAIRE :5 ! MAN ) ?REE P\NDS A WEEK CAN MAKE ALMO/ AS GOOD A %[ AS Y\8 

.<#f.> ,IT IS DIFFICULT ALSO TO SEE H[ ?+S LIKE RAILWAYS & ! IMM5SE MOD]N 9DU/RIES 7IF !SE SURVIVE7 C\LD BE C>RI$ ON )\T SOME SU* SY/EM ( WAGE-PAYM5T & ! DEF9ITE 5GAGEM5T TO FULFILL C]TA9 WORK :I* IT C>RIES ) IT4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiaf 3 ,NON-,GOV]NM5TAL ,SOCIETY -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b1 #bb 3 ,NON-,GOV]NM5TAL ,SOCIETY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,NON-,GOV]NM5TAL ,SOCIETY -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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