,NO ,TREASON ,I,I 

#ahfg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LYS&] ,SPOON] 

,TAGS 3 [+ ALLEGIANCE TO ! UNIT$ /ATES1 PEOPLE ( ! UNIT$ /ATES1 ALLEGIANCE TO ! UNIT$ /ATES1 LIB]TY = ! WEAK] P>TY1 AGA9/ ! UNIT$ /ATES1 MEAN+ ( ! CON/ITUTION1 LANGUAGE ( ! CON/ITUTION1 ADOPTION ( ! CON/ITUTION1 UNIT$ /ATES ( AM]ICA1 CONS5T ( ! PEOPLE4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,FLUFFYK9S ,BLACKAV>1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,NO ,TREASON ,I,I  

 ,LYS&] ,SPOON] 

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,TABLE ( ,CONT5TS 

,NO ,TREASON4 ,NO4 ,I,I4 

 ,I4 
 ,I,I4 
 ,I,I,I4 
 ,I,V4 
 ,V4 
 ,V,I4 

 ,V,I,I4 
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,5T]$ ACCORD+ TO ,ACT ( ,CONGRESS1 9 ! YE> #a#h#f#g1 ,BY ,L,Y,S,&,] ,S,P,O,O,N,]1 

9 ! ,CL]K'S (FICE ( ! ,DI/RICT ,C\RT ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 = ! ,DI/RICT ( ,MASSA*USETTS4 

,N,O ,T,R,E,A,S,O,N4  

,N,O4 ,I,I4 

,I4 

,! ,CON/ITUTION SAYS3 

0,WE1 ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 ORD] TO =M A MORE P]FECT UNION1 E/ABLI% JU/ICE1 9SURE DOME/IC TRANQUILITY1 PROVIDE = ! COMMON DEF5SE1 PROMOTE ! G5]AL WELF>E1 & SECURE ! BLESS+S ( LIB]TY TO \RSELVES & \R PO/]ITY1 DO ORDA9 & E/ABLI% ?IS ,CON/ITUTION = ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA40 

,! MEAN+ ( ?IS IS SIMPLY3 ,WE1 ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ACT+ FREELY & VOLUNT>ILY AS 9DIVIDUALS1 CONS5T & AGREE ?AT WE WILL COOP]ATE ) EA* O!R 9 SU/A9+ SU* A GOV]NM5T AS IS PROVID$ = 9 ?IS ,CON/ITUTION4 

,! NECESSITY = ! CONS5T ( 0! PEOPLE0 IS IMPLI$ 9 ?IS DECL>ATION4 ,! :OLE AU?ORITY ( ! ,CON/ITUTION RE/S UPON IT4 ,IF !Y DID NOT CONS5T1 IT WAS ( NO VALIDITY4 ,( C\RSE IT HAD NO VALIDITY1 EXCEPT AS BETWE5 ?OSE :O ACTUALLY CONS5T$4 ,NO ONE'S CONS5T C\LD BE PRESUM$ AGA9/ HIM1 )\T HIS ACTUAL CONS5T BE+ GIV51 ANY MORE ?AN 9 ! CASE ( ANY O!R CONTRACT TO PAY MONEY1 OR R5D] S]VICE4 ,& TO MAKE IT B9D+ UPON ANY ONE1 HIS SIGNATURE1 OR O!R POSITIVE EVID5CE ( CONS5T1 WAS AS NECESS>Y AS 9 ! CASE ( ANY O!R CONTRACT4 ,IF ! 9/RUM5T MEANT TO SAY ?AT ANY ( 0! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES0 W\LD BE B\ND BY IT1 :O DID NOT CONS5T1 IT WAS A USURPATION & A LIE4 ,! MO/ ?AT CAN BE 9F]R$ FROM ! =M1 0,WE1 ! PEOPLE10 IS1 ?AT ! 9/RUM5T (F]$ MEMB]%IP TO ALL 0! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES20 LEAV+ IT = !M TO ACCEPT OR REFUSE IT1 AT !IR PLEASURE4 

,! AGREEM5T IS A SIMPLE ONE1 LIKE ANY O!R AGREEM5T4 ,IT IS ! SAME AS ONE ?AT %\LD SAY3 ,WE1 ! PEOPLE ( ! T[N ( ,A--1 AGREE TO SU/A9 A *UR*1 A S*OOL1 A HOSPITAL1 OR A !AT]1 = \RSELVES & \R *ILDR54 

,SU* AN AGREEM5T CLE>LY C\LD HAVE NO VALIDITY1 EXCEPT AS BETWE5 ?OSE :O ACTUALLY CONS5T$ TO IT4 ,IF A PORTION ONLY ( 0! PEOPLE ( ! T[N ( ,A--10 %\LD ASS5T TO ?IS CONTRACT1 & %\LD !N PROCE$ TO COMPEL CONTRIBUTIONS ( MONEY OR S]VICE FROM ?OSE :O HAD NOT CONS5T$1 !Y W\LD BE M]E ROBB]S2 & W\LD DES]VE TO BE TREAT$ AS SU*4 

,NEI!R ! CONDUCT NOR ! RI<TS ( !SE SIGN]S W\LD BE IMPROV$ AT ALL BY !IR SAY+ TO ! DISS5T]S3 ,WE (F] Y\ EQUAL RI<TS ) \RSELVES1 9 ! B5EFITS ( ! *UR*1 S*OOL1 HOSPITAL1 OR !AT]1 :I* WE PROPOSE TO E/ABLI%1 & EQUAL VOICE 9 ! CONTROL ( IT4 ,IT W\LD BE A SUFFICI5T ANSW] = ! O!RS TO SAY3 ,WE WANT NO %>E 9 ! B5EFITS1 & NO VOICE 9 ! CONTROL1 ( Y\R 9/ITUTION2 & WILL DO NO?+ TO SUPPORT IT4 

,! NUMB] :O ACTUALLY CONS5T$ TO ! ,CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 AT ! FIR/1 WAS V]Y SMALL4 ,CONSID]$ AS ! ACT ( ! :OLE PEOPLE1 ! ADOPTION ( ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS ! M]E/ F>CE & IMPO/URE1 B9D+ UPON NOBODY4 

,! WOM51 *ILDR51 & BLACKS1 ( C\RSE1 W]E NOT ASK$ TO GIVE !IR CONS5T4 ,9 ADDITION TO ?IS1 !RE W]E1 9 NE>LY OR QUITE ALL ! ,/ATES1 PROP]TY QUALIFICATIONS ?AT EXCLUD$ PROBABLY ONE HALF1 TWO ?IRDS1 OR P]HAPS EV5 ?REE F\R?S1 ( ! :ITE MALE ADULTS FROM ! RI<T ( SUFFRAGE4 ,& ( ?OSE :O W]E ALL[$ ?AT RI<T1 WE KN[ NOT H[ MANY EX]CIS$ IT4 

,FUR!RMORE1 ?OSE :O ORIG9ALLY AGRE$ TO ! ,CON/ITUTION1 C\LD !REBY B9D NOBODY ?AT %\LD COME AFT] !M4 ,!Y C\LD CONTRACT = NOBODY BUT !MSELVES4 ,!Y HAD NO MORE NATURAL RI<T OR P[] TO MAKE POLITICAL CONTRACTS1 B9D+ UPON SUCCE$+ G5]ATIONS1 ?AN !Y HAD TO MAKE M>RIAGE OR BUS9ESS CONTRACTS B9D+ UPON !M4 

,/ILL FUR!R4 ,EV5 ?OSE :O ACTUALLY VOT$ = ! ADOPTION ( ! ,CON/ITUTION1 DID NOT PL$GE !IR FAI? = ANY SPECIFIC TIME2 S9CE NO SPECIFIC TIME WAS NAM$1 9 ! ,CON/ITUTION1 DUR+ :I* ! ASSOCIATION %\LD CONT9UE4 ,IT WAS1 !RE=E1 M]ELY AN ASSOCIATION DUR+ PLEASURE2 EV5 AS BETWE5 ! ORIG9AL P>TIES TO IT4 ,/ILL LESS1 IF POSSIBLE1 HAS IT BE5 ANY ?+ MORE ?AN A M]ELY VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION1 DUR+ PLEASURE1 BETWE5 ! SUCCE$+ G5]ATIONS1 :O HAVE NEV] GONE ?R\<1 AS !IR FA!RS DID1 ) SO MU* EV5 AS ANY \TW>D =MALITY ( ADOPT+ IT1 OR ( PL$G+ !IR FAI? TO SUPPORT IT4 ,SU* PORTIONS ( !M AS PLEAS$1 & AS ! ,/ATES P]MITT$ TO VOTE1 HAVE ONLY DONE 5\<1 BY VOT+ & PAY+ TAXES1 7& UNLAWFULLY & TYRANNICALLY EXTORT+ TAXES FROM O!RS17 TO KEEP ! GOV]NM5T 9 OP]ATION = ! TIME BE+4 ,& ?IS1 9 ! VIEW ( ! ,CON/ITUTION1 !Y HAVE DONE VOLUNT>ILY1 & BECAUSE IT WAS = !IR 9T]E/1 OR PLEASURE1 & NOT BECAUSE !Y W]E UND] ANY PL$GE OR OBLIGATION TO DO IT4 ,ANY ONE MAN1 OR ANY NUMB] ( M51 HAVE HAD A P]FECT RI<T1 AT ANY TIME1 TO REFUSE HIS OR !IR FUR!R SUPPORT2 & NOBODY C\LD RI<TFULLY OBJECT TO HIS OR !IR )DRAWAL4 

,!RE IS NO ESCAPE FROM !SE CONCLUSIONS1 IF WE SAY ?AT ! ADOPTION ( ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS ! ACT ( ! PEOPLE1 AS 9DIVIDUALS1 & NOT ( ! ,/ATES1 AS ,/ATES4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IF WE SAY ?AT ! ADOPTION WAS ! ACT ( ! ,/ATES1 AS ,/ATES1 IT NECESS>ILY FOLL[S ?AT !Y HAD ! RI<T TO SEC$E AT PLEASURE1 9ASMU* AS !Y 5GAG$ = NO SPECIFIC TIME4 

,! CONS5T1 !RE=E1 ?AT HAS BE5 GIV51 :E!R BY 9DIVIDUALS1 OR BY ! ,/ATES1 HAS BE51 AT MO/1 ONLY A CONS5T = ! TIME BE+2 NOT AN 5GAGEM5T = ! FUTURE4 ,9 TRU?1 9 ! CASE ( 9DIVIDUALS1 !IR ACTUAL VOT+ IS NOT TO BE TAK5 AS PRO( ( CONS5T1 EV5 = ! TIME BE+4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS TO BE CONSID]$ ?AT1 )\T HIS CONS5T HAV+ EV] BE5 ASK$1 A MAN F9DS HIMSELF 5VIRON$ BY A GOV]NM5T ?AT HE CANNOT RESI/2 A GOV]NM5T ?AT =CES HIM TO PAY MONEY1 R5D] S]VICE1 & =EGO ! EX]CISE ( MANY ( HIS NATURAL RI<TS1 UND] P]IL ( WEI<TY PUNI%M5TS4 ,HE SEES1 TOO1 ?AT O!R M5 PRACTICE ?IS TYRANNY OV] HIM BY ! USE ( ! BALLOT4 ,HE SEES FUR!R ?AT1 IF HE WILL BUT USE ! BALLOT HIMSELF1 HE HAS SOME *ANCE ( RELIEV+ HIMSELF FROM ?IS TYRANNY ( O!RS1 BY SUBJECT+ !M TO HIS [N4 ,9 %ORT1 HE F9DS HIMSELF1 )\T HIS CONS5T1 SO SITUAT$ ?AT1 IF HE USE ! BALLOT1 HE MAY BECOME A MA/]2 IF HE DOES NOT USE IT1 HE MU/ BECOME A SLAVE4 ,& HE HAS NO O!R ALT]NATIVE ?AN !SE TWO4 ,9 SELF-DEF5SE1 HE ATTEMPTS ! =M]4 ,HIS CASE IS ANALOG\S TO ?AT ( A MAN :O HAS BE5 =C$ 9TO BATTLE1 :]E HE MU/ EI!R KILL O!RS1 OR BE KILL$ HIMSELF4 ,BECAUSE1 TO SAVE HIS [N LIFE 9 BATTLE1 A MAN ATTEMPTS TO TAKE ! LIVES ( HIS OPPON5TS1 IT IS NOT TO BE 9F]R$ ?AT ! BATTLE IS ONE ( HIS [N *OOS+4 ,NEI!R 9 CONTE/S ) ! BALLOT--:I* IS A M]E SUB/ITUTE = A BULLET--BECAUSE1 AS HIS ONLY *ANCE ( SELF-PRES]VATION1 A MAN USES A BALLOT1 IS IT TO BE 9F]R$ ?AT ! CONTE/ IS ONE 9TO :I* HE VOLUNT>ILY 5T]$2 ?AT HE VOLUNT>ILY SET UP ALL HIS [N NATURAL RI<TS1 AS A /AKE AGA9/ ?OSE ( O!RS1 TO BE LO/ OR WON BY ! M]E P[] ( NUMB]S4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS TO BE CONSID]$ ?AT1 9 AN EXIG5CY1 9TO :I* HE HAD BE5 =C$ BY O!RS1 & 9 :I* NO O!R MEANS ( SELF-DEF5SE (F]$1 HE1 AS A MATT] ( NECESSITY1 US$ ! ONLY ONE ?AT WAS LEFT TO HIM4 

,D\BTLESS ! MO/ MIS]ABLE ( M51 UND] ! MO/ OPPRESSIVE GOV]NM5T 9 ! WORLD1 IF ALL[$ ! BALLOT1 W\LD USE IT1 IF !Y C\LD SEE ANY *ANCE ( !REBY AMELIORAT+ !IR CONDITION4 ,BUT IT W\LD NOT !RE=E BE A LEGITIMATE 9F]5CE ?AT ! GOV]NM5T ITSELF1 ?AT CRU%ES !M1 WAS ONE :I* !Y HAD VOLUNT>ILY SET UP1 OR EV] CONS5T$ TO4 

,!RE=E A MAN'S VOT+ UND] ! ,CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 IS NOT TO BE TAK5 AS EVID5CE ?AT HE EV] FREELY ASS5T$ TO ! ,CON/ITUTION1 EV5 = ! TIME BE+4 ,CONSEQU5TLY WE HAVE NO PRO( ?AT ANY V]Y L>GE PORTION1 EV5 ( ! ACTUAL VOT]S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 EV] REALLY & VOLUNT>ILY CONS5T$ TO ! ,CON/ITUTION1 EV5 = ! TIME BE+4 ,NOR CAN WE EV] HAVE SU* PRO(1 UNTIL EV]Y MAN IS LEFT P]FECTLY FREE TO CONS5T1 OR NOT1 )\T !REBY SUBJECT+ HIMSELF OR HIS PROP]TY TO 9JURY OR TRESPASS FROM O!RS4 

,I,I4 

,! ,CON/ITUTION SAYS3 

0,TREASON AGA9/ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES %ALL CONSI/ ONLY 9 LEVY+ W> AGA9/ !M1 OR 9 ADH]+ TO !IR 5EMIES1 GIV+ !M AID & COM=T40 

,?IS IS ! ONLY DEF9ITION ( TREASON GIV5 BY ! ,CON/ITUTION1 & IT IS TO BE 9T]PRET$1 LIKE ALL O!R CRIM9AL LAWS1 9 ! S5SE MO/ FAVORABLE TO LIB]TY & JU/ICE4 ,CONSEQU5TLY ! TREASON H]E SPOK5 (1 MU/ BE HELD TO BE TREASON 9 FACT1 & NOT M]ELY SOME?+ ?AT MAY HAVE BE5 FALSELY CALL$ BY ?AT NAME4 

,TO DET]M9E1 !N1 :AT IS TREASON 9 FACT1 WE >E NOT TO LOOK TO ! CODES ( ,K+S1 & ,CZ>S1 & ,KAIS]S1 :O MA9TA9 !IR P[] BY =CE & FRAUD2 :O CONTEMPTU\SLY CALL MANK9D !IR 0SUBJECTS20 :O CLAIM TO HAVE A SPECIAL LIC5SE FROM ,HEAV5 TO RULE ON E>?2 :O TEA* ?AT IT IS A RELIGI\S DUTY ( MANK9D TO OBEY !M2 :O BRIBE A S]VILE & CORRUPT PRIE/HOOD TO IMPRESS !SE IDEAS UPON ! IGNORANT & SUP]/ITI\S2 :O SPURN ! IDEA ?AT !IR AU?ORITY IS D]IV$ FROM1 OR DEP5D5T AT ALL UPON1 ! CONS5T ( !IR PEOPLE2 & :O ATTEMPT TO DEFAME1 BY ! FALSE EPI!T ( TRAITORS1 ALL :O ASS]T !IR [N RI<TS1 & ! RI<TS ( !IR FELL[ M51 AGA9/ SU* USURPATIONS4 

,9/EAD ( REG>D+ ?IS FALSE & CALUMNI\S MEAN+ ( ! WORD TREASON1 WE >E TO LOOK AT ITS TRUE & LEGITIMATE MEAN+ 9 \R MO!R TONGUE2 AT ITS USE 9 COMMON LIFE2 & AT :AT W\LD NECESS>ILY BE ITS TRUE MEAN+ 9 ANY O!R CONTRACTS1 OR >TICLES ( ASSOCIATION1 :I* M5 MI<T VOLUNT>ILY 5T] 9TO ) EA* O!R4 

,! TRUE & LEGITIMATE MEAN+ ( ! WORD TREASON1 !N1 NECESS>ILY IMPLIES TREA*]Y1 DECEIT1 BREA* ( FAI?4 ,)\T !SE1 !RE CAN BE NO TREASON4 ,A TRAITOR IS A BETRAY]--ONE :O PRACTICES 9JURY1 :ILE PR(ESS+ FRI5D%IP4 ,B5$ICT ,>NOLD WAS A TRAITOR1 SOLELY BECAUSE1 :ILE PR(ESS+ FRI5D%IP = ! ,AM]ICAN CAUSE1 HE ATTEMPT$ TO 9JURE IT4 ,AN OP5 5EMY1 H[EV] CRIM9AL 9 O!R RESPECTS1 IS NO TRAITOR4 

,NEI!R DOES A MAN1 :O HAS ONCE BE5 MY FRI5D1 BECOME A TRAITOR BY BECOM+ AN 5EMY1 IF BE=E DO+ ME AN 9JURY1 HE GIVES ME FAIR W>N+ ?AT HE HAS BECOME AN 5EMY2 & IF HE MAKES NO UNFAIR USE ( ANY ADVANTAGE :I* MY CONFID5CE1 9 ! TIME ( \R FRI5D%IP1 HAD PLAC$ 9 HIS P[]4 

,= EXAMPLE1 \R FA!RS--EV5 IF WE W]E TO ADMIT !M TO HAVE BE5 WRONG 9 O!R RESPECTS--C]TA9LY W]E NOT TRAITORS 9 FACT1 AFT] ! F\R? ( ,JULY1 #a#g#g#f2 S9CE ON ?AT DAY !Y GAVE NOTICE TO ! ,K+ ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 ?AT !Y REPUDIAT$ HIS AU?ORITY1 & %\LD WAGE W> AGA9/ HIM4 ,& !Y MADE NO UNFAIR USE ( ANY ADVANTAGES :I* HIS CONFID5CE HAD PREVI\SLY PLAC$ 9 !IR P[]4 

,IT CANNOT BE D5I$ ?AT1 9 ! LATE W>1 ! ,S\!RN PEOPLE PROV$ !MSELVES TO BE OP5 & AV[$ 5EMIES1 & NOT TREA*]\S FRI5DS4 ,IT CANNOT BE D5I$ ?AT !Y GAVE US FAIR W>N+ ?AT !Y W\LD NO LONG] BE \R POLITICAL ASSOCIATES1 BUT W\LD1 IF NE$ W]E1 FI<T = A SEP>ATION4 ,IT CANNOT BE ALLEG$ ?AT !Y MADE ANY UNFAIR USE ( ADVANTAGES :I* \R CONFID5CE1 9 ! TIME ( \R FRI5D%IP1 HAD PLAC$ 9 !IR P[]4 ,!RE=E !Y W]E NOT TRAITORS 9 FACT3 & CONSEQU5TLY NOT TRAITORS )9 ! MEAN+ ( ! ,CON/ITUTION4 

,FUR!RMORE1 M5 >E NOT TRAITORS 9 FACT1 :O TAKE UP >MS AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T1 )\T HAV+ DISAV[$ ALLEGIANCE TO IT1 PROVID$ !Y DO IT1 EI!R TO RESI/ ! USURPATIONS ( ! GOV]NM5T1 OR TO RESI/ :AT !Y S9C]ELY BELIEVE TO BE SU* USURPATIONS4 

,IT IS A MAXIM ( LAW ?AT !RE CAN BE NO CRIME )\T A CRIM9AL 9T5T4 ,& ?IS MAXIM IS AS APPLICABLE TO TREASON AS TO ANY O!R CRIME4 ,= EXAMPLE1 \R FA!RS W]E NOT TRAITORS 9 FACT1 = RESI/+ ! ,BRITI% ,CR[N1 BE=E ! F\R? ( ,JULY1 #a#g#g#f--?AT IS1 BE=E !Y HAD ?R[N (F ALLEGIANCE TO HIM--PROVID$ !Y HONE/LY BELIEV$ ?AT !Y W]E SIMPLY DEF5D+ !IR RI<TS AGA9/ HIS USURPATIONS4 ,EV5 IF !Y W]E MI/AK5 9 !IR LAW1 ?AT MI/AKE1 IF AN 9NOC5T ONE1 C\LD NOT MAKE !M TRAITORS 9 FACT4 

,= ! SAME REASON1 ! ,S\!RN PEOPLE1 IF !Y S9C]ELY BELIEV$--AS IT HAS BE5 EXT5SIVELY1 IF NOT G5]ALLY1 CONC$$1 AT ! ,NOR?1 ?AT !Y DID--9 ! SO-CALL$ CON/ITUTIONAL !ORY ( 0,/ATE ,RI<TS10 DID NOT BECOME TRAITORS 9 FACT1 BY ACT+ UPON IT2 & CONSEQU5TLY NOT TRAITORS )9 ! MEAN+ ( ! ,CON/ITUTION4 

,I,I,I4 

,! ,CON/ITUTION DOES NOT SAY :O WILL BECOME TRAITORS1 BY 0LEVY+ W> AGA9/ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 OR ADH]+ TO !IR 5EMIES1 GIV+ !M AID & COM=T40 

,IT IS1 !RE=E1 ONLY BY 9F]5CE1 OR REASON+1 ?AT WE CAN KN[ :O WILL BECOME TRAITORS BY !SE ACTS4 

,C]TA9LY IF ,5GLI%M51 ,FR5*M51 ,AU/RIANS1 OR ,ITALIANS1 MAK+ NO PR(ESSIONS ( SUPPORT OR FRI5D%IP TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 LEVY W> AGA9/ !M1 OR ADH]E TO !IR 5EMIES1 GIV+ !M AID & COM=T1 !Y DO NOT !REBY MAKE !MSELVES TRAITORS1 )9 ! MEAN+ ( ! ,CON/ITUTION2 & :Y8 ,SOLELY BECAUSE !Y W\LD NOT BE TRAITORS 9 FACT4 ,MAK+ NO PR(ESSIONS ( SUPPORT OR FRI5D%IP1 !Y W\LD PRACTICE NO TREA*]Y1 DECEIT1 OR BREA* ( FAI?4 ,BUT IF !Y %\LD VOLUNT>ILY 5T] EI!R ! CIVIL OR MILIT>Y S]VICE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & PL$GE FIDELITY TO !M1 7)\T BE+ NATURALIZ$17 & %\LD !N BETRAY ! TRU/S REPOS$ 9 !M1 EI!R BY TURN+ !IR GUNS AGA9/ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 OR BY GIV+ AID & COM=T TO !IR 5EMIES1 !Y W\LD BE TRAITORS 9 FACT2 & !RE=E TRAITORS )9 ! MEAN+ ( ! ,CON/ITUTION2 & C\LD BE LAWFULLY PUNI%$ AS SU*4 

,!RE IS NOT1 9 ! ,CON/ITUTION1 A SYLLABLE ?AT IMPLIES ?AT P]SONS1 BORN )9 ! T]RITORIAL LIMITS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 HAVE ALLEGIANCE IMPOS$ UPON !M ON ACC\NT ( !IR BIR? 9 ! C\NTRY1 OR ?AT !Y WILL BE JUDG$ BY ANY DIFF]5T RULE1 ON ! SUBJECT ( TREASON1 ?AN P]SONS ( =EIGN BIR?4 ,& !RE IS NO P[]1 9 ,CONGRESS1 TO ADD TO1 OR ALT]1 ! LANGUAGE ( ! ,CON/ITUTION1 ON ?IS PO9T1 SO AS TO MAKE IT MORE COMPREH5SIVE ?AN IT N[ IS4 ,!RE=E TREASON 9 FACT--?AT IS1 ACTUAL TREA*]Y1 DECEIT1 OR BREA* ( FAI?--MU/ BE %[N 9 ! CASE ( A NATIVE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 EQUALLY AS 9 ! CASE ( A =EIGN]1 BE=E HE CAN BE SAID TO BE A TRAITOR4 

,CONGRESS HAVE SE5 ?AT ! LANGUAGE ( ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS 9SUFFICI5T1 ( ITSELF1 TO MAKE A MAN A TRAITOR--ON ! GR\ND ( BIR? 9 ?IS C\NTRY--:O LEVIES W> AGA9/ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 BUT PRACTICES NO TREA*]Y1 DECEIT1 OR BREA* ( FAI?4 ,!Y HAVE1 !RE=E--AL?\< !Y HAD NO CON/ITUTIONAL P[] TO DO SO--APP>5TLY ATTEMPT$ TO 5L>GE ! LANGUAGE ( ! ,CON/ITUTION ON ?IS PO9T4 ,& !Y HAVE 5ACT$3 

0,?AT IF ANY P]SON OR P]SONS1 [+ ALLEGIANCE TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA1 %ALL LEVY W> AGA9/ !M1 OR %ALL ADH]E TO !IR 5EMIES1 GIV+ !M AID & COM=T1 "9 "9 "9 SU* P]SON OR P]SONS %ALL BE ADJUDG$ GUILTY ( TREASON AGA9/ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & %ALL SUFF] DEA?40--,/ATUTE1 ,APRIL #c1 #a#g#i1 ,SECTION #a4 

,IT W\LD BE A SUFFICI5T ANSW] TO ?IS 5ACTM5T TO SAY ?AT IT IS UTT]LY UNCON/ITUTIONAL1 IF ITS EFFECT W\LD BE TO MAKE ANY MAN A TRAITOR1 :O W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 ONE UND] ! LANGUAGE ( ! ,CON/ITUTION ALONE4 

,! :OLE PI? ( ! ACT LIES 9 ! WORDS1 0P]SONS [+ ALLEGIANCE TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES40 ,BUT ?IS LANGUAGE REALLY LEAVES ! QUE/ION :]E IT WAS BE=E1 = IT DOES NOT ATTEMPT TO %[ OR DECL>E :O DOES 0[E ALLEGIANCE TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES20 AL?\< ?OSE :O PASS$ ! ACT1 NO D\BT ?\<T1 OR WI%$ O!RS TO ?9K1 ?AT ALLEGIANCE WAS TO BE PRESUM$ 7AS IS DONE UND] O!R GOV]NM5TS7 AGA9/ ALL BORN 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 7UNLESS POSSIBLY SLAVES74 

,! ,CON/ITUTION ITSELF1 USES NO SU* WORD AS 0ALLEGIANCE10 0SOV]EIGNTY10 0LOYALTY10 0SUBJECT10 OR ANY O!R T]M1 SU* AS IS US$ BY O!R GOV]NM5TS1 TO SIGNIFY ! S]VICES1 FIDELITY1 OB$I5CE1 OR O!R DUTY1 :I* ! PEOPLE >E ASSUM$ TO [E TO !IR GOV]NM5T1 REG>DLESS ( !IR [N WILL 9 ! MATT]4 ,AS ! ,CON/ITUTION PR(ESSES TO RE/ :OLLY ON CONS5T1 NO ONE CAN [E ALLEGIANCE1 S]VICE1 OB$I5CE1 OR ANY O!R DUTY TO IT1 OR TO ! GOV]NM5T CREAT$ BY IT1 EXCEPT ) HIS [N CONS5T4 

,! WORD ALLEGIANCE COMES FROM ! ,LAT9 WORDS AD & LIGO1 SIGNIFY+ TO B9D TO4 ,?US A MAN UND] ALLEGIANCE TO A GOV]NM5T1 IS A MAN B\ND TO IT2 OR B\ND TO YIELD IT SUPPORT & FIDELITY4 ,& GOV]NM5TS1 F\ND$ O!RWISE ?AN ON CONS5T1 HOLD ?AT ALL P]SONS BORN UND] !M1 >E UND] ALLEGIANCE TO !M2 ?AT IS1 >E B\ND TO R5D] !M SUPPORT1 FIDELITY1 & OB$I5CE2 & >E TRAITORS IF !Y RESI/ !M4 

,BUT IT IS OBVI\S ?AT1 9 TRU? & 9 FACT1 NO ONE BUT HIMSELF CAN B9D ANY ONE TO SUPPORT ANY GOV]NM5T4 ,& \R ,CON/ITUTION ADMITS ?IS FACT :5 IT CONC$ES ?AT IT D]IVES ITS AU?ORITY :OLLY FROM ! CONS5T ( ! PEOPLE4 ,& ! WORD TREASON IS TO BE UND]/OOD 9 ACCORDANCE ) ?AT IDEA4 

,IT IS CONC$$ ?AT A P]SON ( =EIGN BIR? COMES UND] ALLEGIANCE TO \R GOV]NM5T ONLY BY SPECIAL VOLUNT>Y CONTRACT4 ,IF A NATIVE HAS ALLEGIANCE IMPOS$ UPON HIM1 AGA9/ HIS WILL1 HE IS 9 A WORSE CONDITION ?AN ! =EIGN]2 = ! LATT] CAN DO AS HE PLEASES AB\T ASSUM+ ?AT OBLIGATION4 ,! ACCEPT$ 9T]PRETATION ( ! ,CON/ITUTION1 !RE=E1 MAKES ! =EIGN] A FREE P]SON1 ON ?IS PO9T1 :ILE IT MAKES ! NATIVE A SLAVE4 

,! ONLY DIFF]5CE--IF !RE BE ANY--BETWE5 NATIVES & =EIGN]S1 9 RESPECT ( ALLEGIANCE1 IS1 ?AT A NATIVE HAS A RI<T--(F]$ TO HIM BY ! ,CON/ITUTION--TO COME UND] ALLEGIANCE TO ! GOV]NM5T1 IF HE SO PLEASE2 & ?US 5TITLE HIMSELF TO MEMB]%IP 9 ! BODY POLITIC4 ,HIS ALLEGIANCE CANNOT BE REFUS$4 ,:]EAS A =EIGN]'S ALLEGIANCE CAN BE REFUS$1 IF ! GOV]NM5T SO PLEASE4 

,I,V4 

,! ,CON/ITUTION C]TA9LY SUPPOSES ?AT ! CRIME ( TREASON CAN BE COMMITT$ ONLY BY MAN1 AS AN 9DIVIDUAL4 ,IT W\LD BE V]Y CURI\S TO SEE A MAN 9DICT$1 CONVICT$1 OR HANG$1 O!RWISE ?AN AS AN 9DIVIDUAL2 OR ACCUS$ ( HAV+ COMMITT$ HIS TREASON O!RWISE ?AN AS AN 9DIVIDUAL4 ,& YET IT IS CLE>LY IMPOSSIBLE ?AT ANY ONE CAN BE P]SONALLY GUILTY ( TREASON1 CAN BE A TRAITOR 9 FACT1 UNLESS HE1 AS AN 9DIVIDUAL1 HAS 9 SOME WAY VOLUNT>ILY PL$G$ HIS FAI? & FIDELITY TO ! GOV]NM5T4 ,C]TA9LY NO MAN1 OR BODY ( M51 C\LD PL$GE IT = HIM1 )\T HIS CONS5T2 & NO MAN1 OR BODY ( M51 HAVE ANY RI<T TO PRESUME IT AGA9/ HIM1 :5 HE HAS NOT PL$G$ IT HIMSELF4 

,V4 

,IT IS PLA91 !RE=E1 ?AT IF1 :5 ! ,CON/ITUTION SAYS TREASON1 IT MEANS TREASON--TREASON 9 FACT1 & NO?+ ELSE--!RE IS NO GR\ND AT ALL = PRET5D+ ?AT ! ,S\!RN PEOPLE HAVE COMMITT$ ?AT CRIME4 ,BUT IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 :5 ! ,CON/ITUTION SAYS TREASON1 IT MEANS :AT ! ,CZ> & ! ,KAIS] MEAN BY TREASON1 !N \R GOV]NM5T IS1 9 PR9CIPLE1 NO BETT] ?AN !IRS2 & HAS NO CLAIM :ATEV] TO BE CONSID]$ A FREE GOV]NM5T4 

,V,I4 

,ONE ESS5TIAL ( A FREE GOV]NM5T IS ?AT IT RE/ :OLLY ON VOLUNT>Y SUPPORT4 ,& ONE C]TA9 PRO( ?AT A GOV]NM5T IS NOT FREE1 IS ?AT IT CO]CES MORE OR LESS P]SONS TO SUPPORT IT1 AGA9/ !IR WILL4 ,ALL GOV]NM5TS1 ! WOR/ ON E>?1 & ! MO/ TYRANNICAL ON E>?1 >E FREE GOV]NM5TS TO ?AT PORTION ( ! PEOPLE :O VOLUNT>ILY SUPPORT !M4 ,& ALL GOV]NM5TS--?\< ! BE/ ON E>? 9 O!R RESPECTS-->E NEV]!LESS TYRANNIES TO ?AT PORTION ( ! PEOPLE--:E!R FEW OR MANY--:O >E COMPELL$ TO SUPPORT !M AGA9/ !IR WILL4 ,A GOV]NM5T IS LIKE A *UR*1 OR ANY O!R 9/ITUTION1 9 !SE RESPECTS4 ,!RE IS NO O!R CRIT]ION :ATEV]1 BY :I* TO DET]M9E :E!R A GOV]NM5T IS A FREE ONE1 OR NOT1 ?AN ! S+LE ONE ( ITS DEP5D+1 OR NOT DEP5D+1 SOLELY ON VOLUNT>Y SUPPORT4 

,V,I,I4 

,NO MIDDLE GR\ND IS POSSIBLE ON ?IS SUBJECT4 ,EI!R 0TAXATION )\T CONS5T IS ROBB]Y10 OR IT IS NOT4 ,IF IT IS NOT1 !N ANY NUMB] ( M51 :O *OOSE1 MAY AT ANY TIME ASSOCIATE2 CALL !MSELVES A GOV]NM5T2 ASSUME ABSOLUTE AU?ORITY OV] ALL WEAK] ?AN !MSELVES2 PLUND] !M AT WILL2 & KILL !M IF !Y RESI/4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 0TAXATION )\T CONS5T IS ROBB]Y10 IT NECESS>ILY FOLL[S ?AT EV]Y MAN :O HAS NOT CONS5T$ TO BE TAX$1 HAS ! SAME NATURAL RI<T TO DEF5D HIS PROP]TY AGA9/ A TAXGA!R]1 ?AT HE HAS TO DEF5D IT AGA9/ A HI<WAYMAN4 

,V,I,I,I4 

,IT IS P]HAPS UNNECESS>Y TO SAY ?AT ! PR9CIPLES ( ?IS >GUM5T >E AS APPLICABLE TO ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5TS1 AS TO ! NATIONAL ONE4 

,! OP9IONS ( ! ,S\?1 ON ! SUBJECTS ( ALLEGIANCE & TREASON1 HAVE BE5 EQUALLY ]RONE\S ) ?OSE ( ! ,NOR?4 ,! ONLY DIFF]5CE BETWE5 !M1 HAS BE51 ?AT ! ,S\? HAS HELD ?AT A MAN WAS 7PRIM>ILY7 UND] 9VOLUNT>Y ALLEGIANCE TO ! ,/ATE GOV]NM5T2 :ILE ! ,NOR? HELD ?AT HE WAS 7PRIM>ILY7 UND] A SIMIL> ALLEGIANCE TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T2 :]EAS1 9 TRU?1 HE WAS UND] NO 9VOLUNT>Y ALLEGIANCE TO EI!R4 

,I,X4 

,OBVI\SLY !RE CAN BE NO LAW ( TREASON MORE /R+5T ?AN HAS N[ BE5 /AT$1 CONSI/5TLY ) POLITICAL LIB]TY4 ,9 ! V]Y NATURE ( ?+S !RE CAN NEV] BE ANY LIB]TY = ! WEAK] P>TY1 ON ANY O!R PR9CIPLE2 & POLITICAL LIB]TY ALWAYS MEANS LIB]TY = ! WEAK] P>TY4 ,IT IS ONLY ! WEAK] P>TY ?AT IS EV] OPPRESS$4 ,! /RONG >E ALWAYS FREE BY VIRTUE ( !IR SUP]IOR /R5G?4 ,SO LONG AS GOV]NM5T IS A M]E CONTE/ AS TO :I* ( TWO P>TIES %ALL RULE ! O!R1 ! WEAK] MU/ ALWAYS SUCCUMB4 ,& :E!R ! CONTE/ BE C>RI$ ON ) BALLOTS OR BULLETS1 ! PR9CIPLE IS ! SAME2 = UND] ! !ORY ( GOV]NM5T N[ PREVAIL+1 ! BALLOT EI!R SIGNIFIES A BULLET1 OR IT SIGNIFIES NO?+4 ,& NO ONE CAN CONSI/5TLY USE A BALLOT1 UNLESS HE 9T5DS TO USE A BULLET1 IF ! LATT] %\LD BE NE$$ TO 9SURE SUBMISSION TO ! =M]4 

,X4 

,! PRACTICAL DIFFICULTY ) \R GOV]NM5T HAS BE51 ?AT MO/ ( ?OSE :O HAVE ADM9I/]$ IT1 HAVE TAK5 IT = GRANT$ ?AT ! ,CON/ITUTION1 AS IT IS WRITT51 WAS A ?+ ( NO IMPORTANCE2 ?AT IT NEI!R SAID :AT IT MEANT1 NOR MEANT :AT IT SAID2 ?AT IT WAS GOTT5 UP BY SW9DL]S1 7AS MANY ( ITS AU?ORS D\BTLESS W]E17 :O SAID A GREAT MANY GOOD ?+S1 :I* !Y DID NOT MEAN1 & MEANT A GREAT MANY BAD ?+S1 :I* !Y D>$ NOT SAY2 ?AT !SE M51 UND] ! FALSE PRET5SE ( A GOV]NM5T RE/+ ON ! CONS5T ( ! :OLE PEOPLE1 DESIGN$ TO 5TRAP !M 9TO A GOV]NM5T ( A P>T1 :O %\LD BE P[]FUL & FRAUDUL5T 5\< TO *EAT ! WEAK] PORTION \T ( ALL ! GOOD ?+S ?AT W]E SAID1 BUT NOT MEANT1 & SUBJECT !M TO ALL ! BAD ?+S ?AT W]E MEANT1 BUT NOT SAID4 ,& MO/ ( ?OSE :O HAVE ADM9I/]$ ! GOV]NM5T1 HAVE ASSUM$ ?AT ALL !SE SW9DL+ 9T5TIONS W]E TO BE C>RI$ 9TO EFFECT1 9 ! PLACE ( ! WRITT5 ,CON/ITUTION4 ,( ALL !SE SW9DLES1 ! TREASON SW9DLE IS ! MO/ FLAGITI\S4 ,IT IS ! MO/ FLAGITI\S1 BECAUSE IT IS EQUALLY FLAGITI\S1 9 PR9CIPLE1 ) ANY2 & IT 9CLUDES ALL ! O!RS4 ,IT IS ! 9/RUM5TALITY BY :I* ALL ! O!RS >E MADE EFFECTIVE4 ,A GOV]NM5T ?AT CAN AT PLEASURE ACCUSE1 %OOT1 & HANG M51 AS TRAITORS1 = ! ONE G5]AL (F5SE ( REFUS+ TO SURR5D] !MSELVES & !IR PROP]TY UNRES]V$LY TO ITS >BITR>Y WILL1 CAN PRACTICE ANY & ALL SPECIAL & P>TICUL> OPPRESSIONS IT PLEASES4 

,! RESULT--& A NATURAL ONE--HAS BE5 ?AT WE HAVE HAD GOV]NM5TS1 ,/ATE & NATIONAL1 DEVOT$ TO NE>LY EV]Y GRADE & SPECIES ( CRIME ?AT GOV]NM5TS HAVE EV] PRACTIC$ UPON !IR VICTIMS2 & !SE CRIMES HAVE CULM9AT$ 9 A W> ?AT HAS CO/ A MILLION ( LIVES2 A W> C>RI$ ON1 UPON ONE SIDE1 = *ATTEL SLAV]Y1 & ON ! O!R = POLITICAL SLAV]Y2 UPON NEI!R = LIB]TY1 JU/ICE1 OR TRU?4 ,& !SE CRIMES HAVE BE5 COMMITT$1 & ?IS W> WAG$1 BY M51 & ! DESC5DANTS ( M51 :O1 LESS ?AN A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO1 SAID ?AT ALL M5 W]E EQUAL1 & C\LD [E NEI!R S]VICE TO 9DIVIDUALS1 NOR ALLEGIANCE TO GOV]NM5TS1 EXCEPT ) !IR [N CONS5T4 

,X,I4 

,NO ATTEMPT OR PRET5SE1 ?AT WAS EV] C>RI$ 9TO PRACTICAL OP]ATION AMONG CIVILIZ$ M5--UNLESS POSSIBLY ! PRET5SE ( A 0,DIV9E ,RI<T10 ON ! P>T ( SOME1 TO GOV]N & 5?RALL$ O!RS--EMBODI$ SO MU* ( %AMELESS ABSURDITY1 FALSEHOOD1 IMPUD5CE1 ROBB]Y1 USURPATION1 TYRANNY1 & VILLA9Y ( EV]Y K9D1 AS ! ATTEMPT OR PRET5SE ( E/ABLI%+ A GOV]NM5T BY CONS5T1 & GETT+ ! ACTUAL CONS5T ( ONLY SO MANY AS MAY BE NECESS>Y TO KEEP ! RE/ 9 SUBJECTION BY =CE4 ,SU* A GOV]NM5T IS A M]E CONSPIRACY ( ! /RONG AGA9/ ! WEAK4 ,IT NO MORE RE/S ON CONS5T ?AN DOES ! WOR/ GOV]NM5T ON E>?4 

,:AT SUB/ITUTE = !IR CONS5T IS (F]$ TO ! WEAK] P>TY1 :OSE RI<TS >E ?US ANNIHILAT$1 /RUCK \T ( EXI/5CE1 BY ! /RONG]8 ,ONLY ?IS3 ,!IR CONS5T IS PRESUM$6 ,?AT IS1 !SE USURP]S CONDESC5D+LY & GRACI\SLY PRESUME ?AT ?OSE :OM !Y 5?RALL$1 CONS5T TO SURR5D] !IR ALL ( LIFE1 LIB]TY1 & PROP]TY 9TO ! H&S ( ?OSE :O ?US USURP DOM9ION OV] !M6 ,& IT IS PRET5D$ ?AT ?IS PRESUMPTION ( !IR CONS5T--:5 NO ACTUAL CONS5T HAS BE5 GIV5--IS SUFFICI5T TO SAVE ! RI<TS ( ! VICTIMS1 & TO JU/IFY ! USURP]S6 ,AS WELL MI<T ! HI<WAYMAN PRET5D TO JU/IFY HIMSELF BY PRESUM+ ?AT ! TRAVEL] CONS5TS TO P>T ) HIS MONEY4 ,AS WELL MI<T ! ASSASS9 JU/IFY HIMSELF BY SIMPLY PRESUM+ ?AT HIS VICTIM CONS5TS TO P>T ) HIS LIFE4 ,AS WELL MI<T ! HOLD] ( *ATTEL SLAVES ATTEMPT TO JU/IFY HIMSELF BY PRESUM+ ?AT !Y CONS5T TO HIS AU?ORITY1 & TO ! :IPS & ! ROBB]Y :I* HE PRACTICES UPON !M4 ,! PRESUMPTION IS SIMPLY A PRESUMPTION ?AT ! WEAK] P>TY CONS5T TO BE SLAVES4 

,SU* IS ! PRESUMPTION ON :I* ALONE \R GOV]NM5T RELIES TO JU/IFY ! P[] IT MA9TA9S OV] ITS UNWILL+ SUBJECTS4 ,& IT WAS TO E/ABLI% ?AT PRESUMPTION AS ! 9EXORABLE & P]PETUAL LAW ( ?IS C\NTRY1 ?AT SO MU* MONEY & BLOOD HAVE BE5 EXP5D$4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahff 3 ,NO ,TREASON ,I,I -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bag 3 ,NO ,TREASON ,I,I -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#b1 #bbb 3 ,NO ,TREASON ,I,I -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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