,NEWCA/LE FI<TS ! FASCI/S 
,PAGES FROM HI/ORY -- OR LESSONS = TODAY8 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALB]T ,MELTZ] 

,TEXT 3 

,FASCISM BY #aicd WAS M>*+ TRIUMPHANTLY4 ,9 ,ITALY1 ,MUSSOL9I HAD LONG CONSOLIDAT$ HIS P[] & WAS PREP>+ TO ATTACK ,ABYSS9IA4 ,HITL]1 AFT] ONE YE> ( P[]1 WAS TI<T5+ HIS HOLD ON ,G]MANY & PREP>+ ! FIR/ ( ! MANY 9T]NATIONAL ADV5TURES :I* W]E TO LEAD TO ! PYRE AT HIS ,B]L9 BUNK]4 ,9 ,5GL&1 ,MOSLEY HAD RETURN$ FROM A LONG VISIT TO ,G]MANY & REORGANIZ$ & RE-TRA9$ HIS BLACK%IRT$ ,BRITI% ,UNION ( ,FASCI/S4 

,AT ?AT TIME !RE SEEM$ NO?+ TO /OP ,OSWALD ,MOSLEY'S MILIT>Y M>*+ COLUMNS & AGGRESSIVE PROPAG&A4 ,! ,LABOR ,P>TY ADVIS$1 0,BE CON/ITUTIONAL4 LEAVE IT TO ! POLICE & DON'T =GET TO VOTE ,LABOR60 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 AS EA* BIG ,FASCI/ MEET+ WAS ANN\NC$1 CALL$ = A 0C\NT]- DEMON/RATION0 & ADV]TIS$1 FREE ( *>GE1 ,MOSLEY'S GA!R+S4.<#a.> ,?IS 5SUR$ A BIG CR[D AT ANY BLACK%IRT MEET+1 JU/ TO HE> ! R[1 BUT ( C\RSE IT NEV] /OPP$ ! MEET+S !MSELVES4 ,9DE$1 AFT] HIS RETURN FROM ,G]MANY1 ,MOSLEY APPE>$ TO WELCOME & SEEK \T ?IS K9D ( 0C\NT]-DEMON/RATION04 ,?IS SUCCESSFUL ACTION HAD BE5 APPLI$ BY ,GOEBBELS 9 ! FAIRLY E>LY YE>S ( ! ,NAZI P>TY4 

,9 ,S\? ,NOR?UMB]L& & ,DURHAM ! ,B,U,F BEGAN A RAPID GR[?4 ,IT WAS WELL ORGANIZ$1 ) MANY EX->MY (FIC]S 9 COMM&1 PL5TY ( FULL-TIME WORK]S & NO %ORTAGE ( MONEY4 ,!Y BEGAN MAK+ RECRUITS 9 ! 9DU/RIAL & M9+ >EAS1 9CLUD+ MANY FROM ! ,C,P4 ,! ,BLACK%IRTS GREW BOLD AS !IR MILIT>Y-/YLE P>ADES GREW4 

,!N1 ON ,MAY #a #aicd ! ,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,P>TY 7,I,L,P7 W]E HOLD+ A ,MAY ,DAY MEET+ \TSIDE ! ,GATE%EAD 7,CO1 ,DURHAM7 ,LABOR ,EX*ANGE4 ,IT WAS #c O'CLOCK :5 ! MEET+ BEGAN & MO/ M5 HAV+ ALREADY SIGN$ ON1 ! QUEUE WAS SMALL :5 A S\ND ( S++1 :I* ONLY A FEW ID5TIFI$ AS ! ,ITALIAN ,FASCI/ SONG1 WAS HE>D4 ,A COLUMN ( ,BLACK%IRT TROOPS M>*$ ACROSS ! TRODD5 TURF ( ! ,W9DMILL ,HILLS T[>DS ! ,I,L,P MEET+1 *ANT+ ',M-,O-,S-,L-,E-,Y'4 

,A PAUSE & ! DOLE QUEUE BROKE 9 AN ANGRY *>GE AGA9/ ! ,FASCI/S4.<#b.> ,AT ! FIR/ %>P CLA% ! COLUMN BROKE & SCATT]$1 SOME ESCAP+1 O!RS PLEAD+ = M]CY4 ,IT WAS ALL OV] 9 A FEW M9UTES & POLICE RE9=CEM5TS F\ND ONLY AN ALT]NATIVE MEET+1 A RE-=M$ QUEUE & SAME UNEMPLOY$ M5 :O LOOK$ A BIT P9K] ?AN USUAL4 

,! NEXT MOVE WAS A BIG ,FASCI/ RALLY 9 ,GATE%EAD ,T[N ,HALL1 ) MORE COA*ES BR++ ! TROOPS FROM ALL OV] ,DURHAM & NOR? ( ! ,TYNE4 ,MOSLEY WAS TO SPEAK1 BUT 9 FACT WAS SICK ON ! DATE1 AL?\< ! RALLY WAS HELD4 ,! COA*ES >RIV$ TO HEAD A %ORT M>*1 HEAVILY GU>D$ BY POLICE1 PA/ ! POLICE /ATION 9TO ! ,T[N ,HALL4 ,BY ?IS TIME ! COLUMN HAD REA*$ ! LOCK-UP1 S++ ,MUSSOL9I'S FAVORITE DITTY4 ,IT LOOK$ LIKE A SPONTANE\S *>GE ?IS TIME4 ,! SIL5T ONLOOK]S W]E HEMM$ ON TO ! PAVEM5TS1 FROM CURB TO CURB ! ROAD WAS OCCUPI$ BY ,BLACK%IRTS & POLICE4 ,IF ONLY SOMEONE />T$1 O!RS MI<T FOLL[ ?AT WAS ! ?\<T 9 MANY M9DS4 

,SUDD5LY ! COLUMN WAV]$ 9 TWO PLACES1 A %ORT RUMPUS & ,TOM ,BR[N .<#c.> WAS DRAGG$ BY ! NECK 9TO ! V]Y CONV5I5T POLICE /ATION4 ,A FEW Y>DS AWAY TWO Y\?S1 #ag & #ah :O -- !Y SAID -- HAD GONE TO HELP ,BR[N1 W]E >RE/$4 ,!Y W]E HELD UNTIL ! RALLY HAD 5D$ & ! ,FASCI/S W]E SAFELY ON !IR WAY4 ,NEXT DAY ! Y\?S W]E B\ND OV] & ,BR[N WAS REM&$4 

,! HE>+1 A FEW DAYS LAT]1 LA/$ = TWO H\RS & WAS REPORT$ 9 MO/ ( ! NATIONAL DAILIES4 ,BR[N HAD BE5 *>G$ ) ASSAULT & ! RE/ BY ! POLICE1 & ) ASSAULT .<ON.> ! ,B,U,F4 ,! FIR/ POLICE WITNESS TOLD ! USUAL /ORY -- ,BR[N HAD REFUS$ TO MAKE A WRITT5 CONFESSION1 BUT HAD MADE AN ORAL 7HE CALL$ IT V]BAL7 CONFESSION4 ,9 FACT1 ,BR[N HAD REFUS$ TO SPEAK 9 ! /ATION1 EXCEPT TO GIVE HIS NAME & ADDRESS4 ,BUT WORSE WAS TO FOLL[4 ,A /EEL %AFT ) A BIG1 R\ND FLANGE ) A %>P $GE WAS PRODUC$ 9 C\RT BY ! POLICE4 ,IT WAS DEADLY 5\< TO FELL A /E]4 ',?AT'S A F9E ?+ TO HIT ANYONE )10 ,BR[N AT ONCE /UCK HIS H&S DEEP 9 HIS POCKETS4 

,! ,BLACK%IRT :O SIGN$ ! *>GE1 /&+ 9 ! WITNESS BOX 9 FULL ,FASCI/ UNI=M & GIV+ AS HIS ADDRESS ! ,B,U,F 0B>RACKS01 SAID HE HAD BE5 /RUCK BUT1 & ?IS WAS TO HIS CR$IT1 C]TA9LY NOT BY ! DEADLY WEAPON DISPLAY$4 ,9DE$ HE SAID HE RECEIV$ NO 9JURY4 ,! POLICE CROSS-EXAM9] LOOK$ DISAPPO9T$1 BUT ! WITNESS /UCK TO HIS DEF5SE4 

,! POLICE WITNESSES UND] EXAM9ATION CONTRADICT$ ONE ANO!R1 ! PROSECUTION WAS 9 ! PLACE ( ! COOK :O GOT TOO MANY EGGS 9 ! PUDD+ & !IR CASE BECAME HOPELESS4 ,IT WAS DISMISS$ 0[+ TO CONFLICT ( EVID5CE04 

,AS A RESULT ( !SE EV5TS & ! 9CREAS+ ?REAT ( ! ,FASCI/ P>A-MILIT>Y ORGANIZATIONS1 A MEET+ WAS HELD & A TEMPOR>Y & SPECIAL PURPOSE ORGANIZATION1 ! ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,LEAGUE1 =M$4 ,FROM ! />T ! ,LEAGUE BECAME ! MO/1 9DE$ ! ONLY SUCCESSFUL ORGANIZATION 9 ,NEWCA/LE & DI/RICT1 ?\< LIMIT$ MA9LY TO OP5-AIR MEET+S4 ,AB\T #ae M5 & WOM5 JO9$1 BUT ! ,LEAGUE WAS ACTIVELY SUPPORT$ BY L>GE CR[DS4 ,MO/ ( ! MEMB]S W]E UNEMPLOY$1 = ! TIME WAS ! GREAT SLUMP1 ! PLACE ONE ( ,5GL&'S DEPRESS$ >EAS4 ,J>R[1 ! 0T[N ?AT WAS MURD]$0 WAS ,GATE%EAD'S NEI<BOR4.<#d.> ,SUBS W]E ?REEP5CE A WEEK 7OLD CURR5CY7 & EV]YBODY PAID & COLLECTIONS AT /REET MEET+S HELP$1 ?\< MANY W]E LIV+ NE> ! />VATION L9E4 

,PREMISES W]E SECUR$ NE> ! OLD CITY WALL ( ,NEWCA/LE1 AT A SPOT :I* HAD 5DUR$ ,SCOTTI% SIEGES1 ! HALL ( ! OLD ,SMI?S' ,GUILD4 ,ABOVE ! >*$ DOOR W]E ! C>V$ /ONE >MS ( ! ,GUILD1 A %IELD BE>+ ! MOTTO 0,BY HAMM] & H& DO ALL ?+S /&04 ,! HALL /OOD 9 A QUADRANGLE & H]E ! ,LEAGUE HELD PHYSICAL TRA9+4 ,! PEOPLE :O LIV$ AB\T W]E A CLOSE-KNIT LITTLE COMMUNITY1 MANY ( !M /REET TRAD]S & AT FIR/ W]E ALO( & SUSPICI\S1 BUT SOON W>M$ & ADOPT$ ! ,LEAGUE4 

,AS TO POLITICAL P>TIES & SU*1 H[EV]1 ! ,LEAGUE /OOD ALONE4 ,! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 AP>T FROM TWO ORGANIZ]S FROM ! ,T@&,G,W,U & ONE WOMAN ,LABOR C\NCILOR1 W\LD NOT ASSOCIATE4 ,E*O+ ! (FICIAL ADVICE !Y SAID1 0,LEAVE IT TO ! POLICE & VOTE ,LABOR04 

,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY E*O$ ! 0,DAILY ,WORK]0 & CALL$ = 0DIGNIFI$ DEMON/RATIONS AGA9/ ! ,FASCI/S04 0,WE %\LD10 SAID ONE ( !IR SPEAK]S1 0FOLL[ ! ADVICE ( ,HANN5 ,SWAFF] 9 ! ,DAILY ,H]ALD.<#e.>1 & RIDICULE ! ,FASCI/S BY CALL+ AFT] !M ',MICKEY ,M\SE4'0 ,?IS WAS A REF]5CE TO ! ,FASCI/ DRESS1 EXCLUD+ ! ,S,S1 :I* WAS USUALLY A BLACK %IRT & GRAY FLANNELS4 ,?IS1 ?\<T ,SWAFF]1 MADE !M LOOK LIKE ,DISNEY'S *>ACT]4 ,ONE WOND]S H[ NAME-CALL+ W\LD HAVE /OPP$ ! ,NAZI ADVANCE4 ,! ,C,P ALSO D5\NC$ ! ,LEAGUE AS 0GANG/]S04.<#f.> 

,! (FICIAL ,JEWI% ,COMMUNITY WAS AT FIR/ 9T]E/$1 !N ! TRADITIONAL ,HEBREW POLICY ( NON9T]F]5CE 9 POLITICAL PROBLEMS PREVAIL$4 0,MOSLEY HAS PUBLICLY /AT$ ?AT HE IS NOT ANTI-,SEMITIC & DOES NOT 9T5D TO BE SO4 ,WE >E SATISFI$1 WE BELIEVE HE MEANS IT4 ,BETT] LEAVE WELL ALONE04 ,REMEMB] ,EI*MANN8 ,IT TOOK YE>S ( ! MO/ HORRIBLE SLAU<T] TO >\SE 9 Y\NG ,JEWRY1 SU* AS ! MILITANT 0#d#c GR\P0 ( ! IMM$IATE PO/W> YE>S1 ! REALIZATION ?AT ,FASCISM MU/ BE DE/ROY$4.<#g.> 

,BUT ! ,LEAGUE W5T ON4 ,! ,BLACK%IRTS1 BEAT5 9 PROPAG&A W]E TO BE BEAT5 9 COMBAT TOO4 ,!Y W]E QUICKLY DRIV5 FROM ! WORK+-CLASS QU>T]S4 ,ALMO/ AT ONCE ! ,B,U,F W]E DRIV5 ON ! DEF5SIVE4 ,9 A FEW MON?S !IR AGGRESSIV5ESS HAD VANI%$ & !Y W]E BE+ PU%$ -- H>D4 

,ON ONE OCCASION1 AFT] A BIG ,FASCI/ RALLY1 ! ,BLACK%IRTS W]E BESIEG$ 9 !IR HEADQU>T]S 9 ! BUS9ESS C5T] ( ,NEWCA/LE4 ,= H\RS ! POLICE MOV$ ON A CR[D ?AT ALWAYS CAME BACK4 ,LATE AT NI<T GR\PS ( ,FASCI/S SLIPP$ \T1 AFT] ! CR[D HAD ?9N$1 ONLY TO DISCOV] ?AT ! ANTI-,FASCI/S W]E NOT ONLY 9 FRONT ( ! BUILD+4 

,?AT SUMM]1 ,MOSLEY HAD PLANN$ A BIG RALLY ON ! ,T[N ,MOOR ON 0,RACE ,SUNDAY01 ! ,TYNESIDE'S ANNUAL HOLIDAY4 ,IT WAS PRESUM$ ?AT ! ,LEAGUE W\LD HOLD A NOT-V]Y-DIGNIFI$ C\NT]-DEMON/RATION4 ,MOSLEY WROTE TO ! ,HOME ,SECRET>Y (F]+ TO CALL (F ! RALLY IF ! ,HOME ,(FICE ?\<T IT WISE TO DO SO4 ,! (FICIAL REPLY PASS$ ! BALL BACK1 AS DID ! ,NEWCA/LE POLICE4 ,!N ,MOSLEY1 )\T ! (FICIAL EXCUSE HE HAD HOP$ =1 HIMSELF CANCEL$ ! RALLY4 ,! ,B,U,F BEGAN TO LOSE MEMB]S4 ,9=MATION ( C\NT]-ATTACKS REA*$ ! ,LEAGUE1 BUT !Y NEV] REA*$ FRUITION4 ,ONE PLAN WAS A NI<T RAID ON ! ,SMI?S' ,GUILDHALL4 ,! LOCALS VOLUNTE]$ TO B>RICADE ! OLD N>R[ /REETS ) C>TS & B>R[S1 :ILE A ,LEAGUE GU>D KEPT WAT*1 BUT ! ,FASCI/S W]E TO BE ALL[$ TO 5T] ! ,GUILD FIR/4 ,! C>TS & TIMB] W]E NOT TO KEEP !M \T1 BUT TO KEEP !M 94 

,:5 IT CAME TO 0BELL+ ! CAT01 H[EV]1 ,BLACK%IRT H]OES W]E FEW & ACCORD+ TO ! REGUL> & CORROBORAT$ 9=MATION RECEIV$ BY ! ,LEAGUE1 ! RAID WAS CALL$ (F BECAUSE ( LACK ( SPIRIT4 

,! ,B,U,F ON ,TYNESIDE DW9DL$ RAPIDLY4 ,9 A MATT] ( SIX MON?S1 MO/ ( ! MEMB]S HAD LEFT -- FEW1 IF ANY1 PUBLIC APPE>ANCES W]E MADE & ! SMALL NUMB] REMA9+ W]E LITTLE O!R ?AN A CLUB1 & SO IT REMA9$ = YE>S4 ,! ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,LEAGUE1 POOR & 0UN-9FLU5TIAL0 HAD1 BY ITS DEVOTION & C\RAGE1 PROV$ ?AT ,FASCISM CAN BE F\<T & DEFEAT$4 

.<#a.> ,= ! OPPOSITE PO9T ( VIEW1 SEE ,JOE ,JACOBS 0,\T ( ! ,<ETTO04 ,JOE ,JACOBS BROKE FROM ! ,C,P BUT REMA9$ COMMITT$ TO ,/AL9ISM & HIS ADVOCACY ( !SE TACTICS HE PASS$ TO LIB]T>IAN CIRCLES4 

.<#b.> ,LE/ ANYONE IS OV]-CRITICAL ( WORK]S TODAY1 IT IS FAIR TO SAY ?IS WAS ONLY A FEW YE>S AFT] ! =MATION ( ! ,IMP]IAL ,FASCI/ ,LEAGUE AS A /RIKE-BREAK+ =CE1 & ! USE ( UPP] & UPP]-MIDDLE CLASS FASCI/ SCABS 9 ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE WAS FRE% 9 ! MEMORY & ,MOSLEY HADN'T HAD ! *ANCE TO GO FROM NAK$ FASCISM TO ! CRAFTI] POPULI/ APPROA* ( ,HITL]4 

.<#c.> ,TOM ,BR[N1 :O WROTE ?IS PIECE1 PASS$ FROM ! OLD ,SOCIALI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY ?R\< ! ,C,P AS A ,SYNDICALI/1 & F9ALLY BECAME AN ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/4 

.<#d.> ,J>R[ WAS NOTORI\S 9 ! ,?IRTIES AS ! %IPBUILD+ 0T[N ?AT WAS MURD]$0 ) ALL ITS OCCUPANTS MADE UNEMPLOY$ 9 ! ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION4 ,TODAY1 9 :AT IS REF]R$ TO AS A M9OR RECESSION1 ALMO/ ! :OLE ,NOR!A/ IS 9 ?AT SITUATION1 NOT TO M5TION ELSE:]E4 

.<#e.> ,HANN5 ,SWAFF]1 FROM BE+ SO TR5*ANT A DRAMATIC CRITIC MANY !AT]S BANN$ HIM FROM 5T]+1 BECAME ! ,LABOR ,P>TY'S /&>D-BE>] 9 ,FLEET ,/REET & CLAIM$ TO BE ! FIR/ ANTI-,NAZI J\RNALI/ ,9 ! ,U,K4 ,AFT] ,LABOR'S #aide ELECTION VICTORY HE DECL9$ A PE]AGE ON PR9CIPLE BUT ASK$ = RE/RICTIONS ON ,SPIRITUALISM 7HIS O!R 9T]E/7 TO BE LIFT$ AS A REW>D = HIS S]VICES TO SOCIALISM4 ,TO DO SO1 ! ,GOV]NM5T HAD F9ALLY TO ABOLI% ! M$IEVAL ,WIT*CRAFT ,ACT6 

.<#f.> ,AS ! ,C,P NE$$ FASCISM AS AN IDEOLOGICAL EXCUSE TO JU/IFY ITS 9T]NATIONAL POLICY1 IT ADV]TIS$ FASCISM :ILE BOA/+ ( ITS ANTI-FASCISM BUT DESCRIB$ PEOPLE :O W\LD ABOLI% IT PREMATURELY AS 0GANG/]S0 OR 0ADV5TUR]S04 ,9 A SIMIL> WAY !Y CALL$ ,SOCIALI/-L$ LABOR MOVEM5TS 0SOCIAL-FASCI/0 BUT AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ UNIONS 0CRIM9AL01 0IRRESPONSIBLE0 OR 0ADV5TURI/04 

.<#g.> 0,! TRADITIONAL ,HEBREW POLICY0 REF]S TO ! ,ANGLO-,JEWI% ,E/ABLI%M5T'S POLICY ( 5T]+ ! MA9/REAM E/ABLI%M5T4 ,! ,*IEF ,RABBI ( ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE = 9/ANCE1 IS AN (FICE CREAT$ BY ! ,CR[N4 ,! 0#d#c GR\P0 DID NOT MEASURE UP TO ASSUMPTIONS4 ,IT />T$ AS AN UND]-COV] ,C,P FRONT ATTRACT+ MANY EX-,C,P]S & O!RS1 NOT ONLY ,JEWS1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! >M$ ,=CES ) FASCI/ (FIC]S4 ,AFT] ! W>1 ,ZIONI/S1 ,C,P]S & F9ALLY ,SPECIAL ,BRAN* US$ IT UNTIL IT DISAPPE>$ ?\< ITS IDEOLOGICAL SURVIVORS W]E ! ,ANTI-,NAZI ,LEAGUE & ! /ILL EXTANT ,SE>*LI<T4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bba 3 ,NEWCA/LE FI<TS ! FASCI/S -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,NEWCA/LE FI<TS ! FASCI/S -- ,UPDAT$4 

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