,TRANSLATOR'S ,PREFACE 

#ahhdahhd 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,TRANSLATOR 3 ,HUNT+TON ,SMI? 

,TEXT 3 

,TO ONE NOT FAMILI> ) ! ,RUSSIAN LANGUAGE ! ACCESSIBLE DATA RELATIVE TO ! EXT]NAL LIFE ( ,LEO ,NIKOLAEVI* ,TOL/OY1 ! AU?OR ( ?IS BOOK1 >E1 TO SAY ! LEA/1 NOT VOLUM9\S4 ,HIS NAME DOES NOT APPE> 9 ?AT HET]OG5E\S RECORD ( CELEBRITIES KN[N AS ,! ,M5 ( ! ,TIME1 NOR IS IT TO BE F\ND 9 ,M4 ,VAP]EAU'S COMPREH5SIVE ,DICTIONNAIRE DES ,CONTEMPORA9S4 ,& YET ,C\NT ,LEO ,TOL/OY IS ACKN[L$G$ BY COMPET5T CRITICS TO BE A MAN ( EXTRAORD9>Y G5IUS1 :O1 C]TA9LY 9 ONE 9/ANCE1 HAS PRODUC$ A MA/]PIECE ( LIT]ATURE :I* WILL CONT9UE TO RANK ) ! GREAT >TI/IC PRODUCTIONS ( ?IS AGE4 

,P]HAPS IT IS 5\< = US TO KN[ ?AT HE WAS BORN ON HIS FA!R'S E/ATE 9 ! ,RUSSIAN PROV9CE ( ,TULA1 9 ! YE> #a#h#b#h2 ?AT HE RECEIV$ A GOOD HOME $UCATION & /UDI$ ! ORI5TAL LANGUAGES AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,KASAN2 ?AT HE WAS = A TIME 9 ! >MY1 :I* HE 5T]$ AT ! AGE ( TW5TY-?REE AS AN (FIC] ( >TILL]Y1 S]V+ LAT] ON ! /AFF ( ,PR9CE ,GORTS*AK(2 & ?AT SUBSEQU5TLY HE ALT]NAT$ BETWE5 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG & ,MOSC[1 LEAD+ ! EXI/5CE ( SUP]-REF9$ B>B>ISM  
.<IV.> & EXCESSIVE LUXURY1 *>ACT]I/IC ( ! ,RUSSIAN >I/OCRACY4 ,HE SAW LIFE 9 C\NTRY & CITY1 9 CAMP & C\RT4 ,HE WAS NUMB]$ AMONG ! DEF5D]S ( ,SEBA/OPOL 9 ! ,CRIMEAN ,W>1 & ! IMPRESSIONS !N GA!R$ HE US$ AS MAT]IAL = A S]IES ( ,W> ,SKET*ES ?AT ATTRACT$ ATT5TION 9 ! PAGES ( ! MAGAZ9E :]E !Y FIR/ APPE>$2 & :51 A LITTLE LAT]1 !Y W]E PUBLI%$ 9 BOOK =M1 !IR AU?OR1 !N TW5TY-EI<T YE>S ( AGE1 ACQUIR$ AT ONCE A WIDE POPUL>ITY4 ,POPUL>ITY BECAME FAME ) ! PUBLICATION1 ALSO 9 #a#h#e#f1 ( ,*ILDHOOD & ,Y\?1 REM>KABLE ALIKE = ITS >TLESS REVELATIONS CONC]N+ ! G5ESIS & GR[? ( IDEAS & EMOTIONS 9 ! M9DS ( ! Y\NG1 = ITS IDYLLIC PICTURES ( DOME/IC LIFE1 & = ITS GRACEFUL DESCRIPTIONS ( NATURE4 ,?IS WAS FOLL[$ BY ,! ,COSSACKS1 A WILD ROMANCE ( ! /EPPES1 VIGOR\SLY REALI/IC 9 DETAILS1 &1 LIKE ALL ( ,C\NT ,TOL/OY'S WORKS1 POETIC 9 CONCEPTION & 9SPIR$ ) A DRAMATIC 9T5SITY4 ,9 #ahf APPE>$ ,W> & ,PEACE1 AN HI/ORICAL ROMANCE 9 MANY VOLUMES1 DEAL+ ) ! ,NAPOLEONIC 9VASION ( #ahab & ! EV5TS ?AT IMM$IATELY FOLL[$ ! RETREAT FROM ,MOSC[4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,M4 ,C4 ,C\RRI]E1.<#a.> IT WAS SEIZ$ UPON ) AVIDITY & PRODUC$ A PR(\ND S5SATION4 

0,! /AGE IS IMM5SE & ! ACTORS >E 9NUM]ABLE2 AMONG !M ?REE EMP]ORS ) !IR M9I/]S1 !IR M>%ALS1 & !IR G5]ALS1 & !N A C\NTLESS RET9UE ( M9OR (FIC]S1 SOLDI]S1  
.<V.> NOBLES1 & PEASANTS4 ,WE >E TRANSPORT$ BY TURNS FROM ! SALONS ( ,/4 ,PET]SBURG TO ! CAMPS ( W>1 FROM ,MOSC[ TO ! C\NTRY4 ,& ALL !SE DIV]SE & V>I$ SC5ES >E JO9$ TOGE!R ) A CONTROLL+ PURPOSE ?AT BR+S EV]Y?+ 9TO H>MONY4 ,EA* ONE ( ! PROLONG$ S]IES ( CON/ANTLY *ANG+ TABLEAUX IS ( REM>KABLE BEAUTY & PALPITAT+ ) LIFE40 

,PI]RE ,BESU%K(1 ONE ( ! ?REE H]OES ( ,W> & ,PEACE1 HAS1 RI<TLY OR WRONGLY1 LONG BE5 REG>D$ AS 9 SOME RESPECTS AN AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL /UDY1 BUT ! P]SONAL NOTE IS ALWAYS CLE>LY P]CEPTIBLE 9 ,C\NT ,TOL/OY'S WRIT+S1 IF WE >E TO BELIEVE ! REPORTS ( ! 5?USIA/IC PURVEYORS ( LIT]>Y 9=MATION :O HAVE MADE KN[N SOME ( !IR MANY ATTRACTIVE QUALITIES4 ,IT IS PLA9 ALSO ?AT A COMMON PURPOSE RUNS ?R\< !M ALL1 A PURPOSE :I* ONLY 9 ! AU?OR'S LATE/ PRODUCTION F9DS FULL EXPRESSION4 ,!RE >E H9TS ( IT 9 ,*ILDHOOD & ,Y\?2 9 ,W> & ,PEACE1 & 9 A SUBSEQU5T ROMANCE1 ,ANNA ,K>591 IT BECOMES V]Y DI/9CT4 ,9 ! TWO WORKS LA/ NAM$ ,C\NT ,TOL/OY IS PITILESS 9 HIS PORTRAYAL ( ! VISES & FOLLIES ( ! WEAL?Y1 >I/OCRATIC CLASS1 & W>M 9 HIS PRAISE ( SIMPLICITY & UNPRET5D+ VIRTUE4 ,PI]RE ,BESU%K( IS REPRES5T$ AS ! PRODUCT ( A TRANSITION P]IOD1 ONE :O SEES CLE>LY ?AT ! FUTURE MU/ BE DIFF]5T FROM ! PA/1 BUT UNABLE TO 9T]PRET ! PROPHECIES ( ITS COM+4 ,M4 ,C\RRI]E SPEAKS ( HIM V]Y HAPPILY AS 0AN OV]GR[N *ILD :O SEEMS TO BE LO/ 9 A :OLLY UNFAMILI> WORLD40 ,= A  
.<VI.> TIME ,PI]RE F9DS M5TAL TRANQUILITY 9 ! T5ETS ( FREEMASONRY1 & ! AU?OR GIVES US A VIVID ACC\NT1 HUMOR\S & PA!TIC BY TURNS1 ( ! Y\NG MAN'S EF=TS TO C>RY ! NEWLY ACQUIR$ DOCTR9ES 9TO PRACTICE4 ,HE DET]M9ES TO BETT] ! CONDITION ( ! PEASANTS ON HIS E/ATES2 BUT 9/EAD ( LOOK+ AFT] ! AFFAIR HIMSELF1 HE LEAVES ! CONSUMMATION ( HIS PLANS TO HIS /EW>DS1 ) ! RESULT ?AT 0! CLEV]E/ AMONG !M LI/5$ ) ATT5TION1 BUT CONSID]$ ONE ?+ ONLY1--H[ TO C>RY \T !IR [N PRIVATE 5DS UND] ! PRET5SE ( EXECUT+ HIS COMM&S40 ,LAT] ON WE >E %[N ,PI]RE W&]+ AIMLESSLY AB\T ! /REETS ( BURN+ ,MOSC[1 UNTIL TAK5 9TO CU/ODY BY ! ,FR5*4 ,!N HE LE>NS ! TRUE MEAN+ ( LIFE FROM A SIMPLE SOLDI]1 A FELL[-PRISON]1 & !REBY REALIZES ?AT SAFETY = ! FUTURE IS TO BE OBTA9$ ONLY BY BR++ LIFE TO ! /&>D ( RUDE SIMPLICITY ADOPT$ BY ! COMMON PEOPLE1 BY RECOGNIZ+1 9 ACT AS WELL AS 9 DE$1 ! BRO!RHOOD ( MAN4 

,WE CANNOT H]E 5T] 9TO ! QUE/ION AS TO :E!R ?IS M5TAL ATTITUDE1 BY NO MEANS UNUSUAL AMONG ,RUSSIANS ( CULTIVATION & LIB]ALITY1 >ISES FROM ! LACK ( SOCIAL GRADATION BETWE5 ! NOBLE & ! PEASANT1 :I* =CES ! SOCIAL PHILOSOPH] ( RANK TO ACCEPT AN EXI/5CE ( PURE WORLDL9ESS & EMPTY %[1 OR TO ADOPT ! PRIMITIVE ASPIRATIONS & HUMBLE TOIL ( ! TILL]S ( ! SOIL4 ,AT ANY RATE1 IT IS PLA9 ?AT ,C\NT ,TOL/OY SIDES ) ! LATT]4 ,! DOCTR9E ( SIMPLIFICATION HAS MANY  
.<VII.> ADH]5TS 9 ,RUSSIA1 & :51 SOME TIME AGO1 IT WAS ANN\NC$ ?AT ! AU?OR ( ,W> & ,PEACE HAD RETIR$ TO ! C\NTRY & WAS LEAD+ A LIFE ( FRUGALITY & UNAFFECT$ TOIL 9 ! CULTIVATION ( HIS E/ATES1 ! SURPRISE TO HIS [N C\NTRYM5 C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 V]Y GREAT4 ,9 ?IS BOOK HE TELLS US H[ ! DECISION WAS =M$4 ,HE BASES HIS CONCLUSIONS ON A DIRECT & LIT]AL 9T]PRETATION ( ! TEA*+S ( ,JESUS AS EXPRESS$ 9 ! ,S]MON ON ! ,M\NT4 

,! 9T]PRETATION IS NOT NEW 9 !ORY1 BUT NEV] BE=E HAS IT BE5 C>RI$ \T ) SO MU* ZEAL1 SO MU* DET]M9ATION1 SO MU* S9C]ITY1 &1 GRANT+ ! PREMISES1 ) LOGIC SO UNANSW]ABLE1 AS 9 ?IS BEAUTIFUL CONFESSION ( FAI?4 ,H[ MOV+LY DOES HE DEPICT ! D\BTS & FE>S ( ! SE>*] AFT] ! BETT] LIFE2 H[ IMPRESSIVE HIS E>NE/ 9QUIRY = TRU?2 H[ 9SPIR+ HIS CONFID5CE 9 ! NATURAL GOODNESS1 AS OPPOS$ TO ! NATURAL DEPRAVITY ( MAN2 H[ CONV9C+ HIS >GUM5T ?AT ! DOCTR9E ( ,JESUS IS SIMPLE1 PRACTICABLE1 & CONDUCIVE TO ! HI<E/ HAPP9ESS2 H[ T]RIFY+ HIS 5UM]ATION ( ! SUFF]+S ( 0! M>TYRS TO ! DOCTR9E ( ! WORLD02 H[ PITILESS HIS >RAIGNM5T ( ! ,*UR* = ITS COMPLAC5T 9DIFF]5CE TO ! WELF>E ( HUMANITY H]E 9 ?IS PRES5T /AGE ( EXI/5CE2 H[ SUBLIME HIS PROPHECY ( ! GOLD5 AGE :5 M5 %ALL DWELL TOGE!R 9 ! BONDS ( LOVE1 & S9 & SUFF]+ %ALL BE NO MORE ! COMMON LOT ( MANK9D6 ,WE READ1 & >E ?RILL$ ) A DIV9E EMOTION2 BUT :I*  
.<VIII.> ( US IS WILL+ TO ACCEPT ! TRU? H]E UNFOLD$ AS ! V]ITABLE SECRET ( LIFE8 

,%ALL WE TAKE S]I\SLY ?IS ELOQU5T 5UNCIATION ( FAI? 9 HUMILITY1 9 SELF-D5IAL1 9 FRAT]NAL LOVE1 OR %ALL WE REG>D IT ONLY AS A BEAUTIFUL & PEACEFUL PHASE 9 ! C>E] ( A MAN ( G5IUS :O1 AFT] ! /ORM & /RESS ( A LIFE ( S9 & SUFF]+1 HAS TURN$ BACK TO ! IDEALS ( Y\? & 9NOC5CE1 & S\<T TO MAKE !M ONCE MORE ! OBJECTS ( DESIRE8 ,FANATICISM1 DO Y\ SAY8 ,AH1 YES2 BUT DID NOT ,JESUS & HIS DISCIPLES PRACTICE JU/ SU* FANATICISM AS ?IS8 ,DOES ANY ONE D5Y ?AT ALL ?AT IS BE/ 9 ?IS MOD]N WORLD 7& !RE IS SO MU* ( ! BE/1 AFT] ALL71 ?AT ALL ?AT IS BE/ HAS COME FROM ! GREAT MORAL IMPULSE G5]AT$ BY A LITTLE GR\P ( FANATICS 9 AN OBSCURE CORN] ( ,ASIA EI<TE5 C5TURIES AGO8 ,?AT IMPULSE WE /ILL FEEL1 9 SPITE ( ALL ! OB/RUCTIONS ?AT HAVE BE5 PUT 9 ITS WAY TO NULLIFY ITS ACTION2 & IF ANY W\LD SEEK = /R5G? FROM ! PRIM>Y S\RCE ( P[]1 :O %ALL SAY HIM NAY8 ,& SO AL?\< WE MAY SMILE AT ! >TLESSNESS ( ?IS ,RUSSIAN EVANGELI/ 9 HIS DET]M9ATION TO F9D 9 ! GOSPELS ! CATEGORICAL IMP]ATIVE ( SELF-R5UNCIATION1 AL?\< WE MAY REG>D ) WOND] ! MAGNIFIC5T AUDACITY ( HIS EXEGETICAL SPECULATIONS1 WE CANNOT REFUSE TO ADMIRE A FAI? SO S9C]E1 SO 9T5SE1 &1 9 MANY RESPECTS1 SO ELEVAT+ & SO NOBLE4 

,H,U,N,T,+,T,O,N ,S,M,I,?4 

,DOR*E/]1 ,MASS41 

 ,NOV4 #a#i1 #a#h#h#e4 

7,S\RCE3 ,PUBLI%$ BY ,?OMAS ,Y4 ,CR[ELL @& ,CO41 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#h#h#e47 

,FROM 3 ,GUT5B]G4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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