,MY ,FUR!R ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA 

#aibd 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,TAGS 3 COMMUNI/ P>TY1 RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 TRADE UNIONS1 SOVIET GOV]NM5T1 TRADE UNION1 PET] KROPOTK91 POLITICAL P>TY1 ECONOMIC POLICY4 

,SECTIONS 7,T,O,C7 3 
     

O ,PREFACE 

      #a1#f#b ,WORDS2 #a1#d#e ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,ODESSA 

      #b1#b#f#i ,WORDS2 #a#c1#h#e#e ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #b 3 ,RETURN+ TO ,MOSC[ 

      #b1#i#e#g ,WORDS2 #a#f1#h#h#e ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #c 3 ,BACK 9 ,PETROGRAD 

      #b1#g#f#i ,WORDS2 #a#f1#e#c#d ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #d 3 ,>*ANGEL & ,RETURN 

      #b1#e#i#h ,WORDS2 #a#e1#i#i#h ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #e 3 ,DEA? & ,FUN]AL ( ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

      #b1#e ,WORDS2 #a#b1#h#h ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #f 3 ,KRON/ADT 

      #a1#h#b#h ,WORDS2 #a#a1#i#g#b ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #g 3 ,P]SECUTION ( ,AN>*I/S 

      #c1#e#c ,WORDS2 #b#b1#f#c ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #h 3 ,TRAVEL+ ,SALESM5 ( ! ,REVOLUTION 

      #b1#g#f#a ,WORDS2 #a#g1#d#a#d ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #i 3 ,$UCATION & ,CULTURE 

      #c1#h#e#h ,WORDS2 #b#d1#c#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,EXPLOIT+ ! ,FAM9E 

      #a1#a ,WORDS2 #f1#e ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #aa 3 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLIC ,RESORTS TO ,DEPORTATION 

      #a1#e#h ,WORDS2 #i1#f#i#e ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #ab 3 ,AFT]WORD 

      #f1#g#f#c ,WORDS2 #d#c1#b#g#a ,*>ACT]S 

,SECTIONS 7,CONT5T7 3 

O ,PREFACE 
,MY ,FUR!R ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA 

,BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& COMPANY2 #aibd 

,P,R,E,F,A,C,E 

,! ANNALS ( LIT]ATURE TELL ( BOOKS EXPURGAT$1 ( :OLE *APT]S ELIM9AT$ OR *ANG$ BEYOND RECOGNITION4 ,BUT ,I BELIEVE IT HAS R>ELY HAPP5$ ?AT A WORK %\LD BE PUBLI%$ ) MORE ?AN A ?IRD ( IT LEFT \T &-)\T ! REVIEW]S BE+ AW>E ( ! FACT4 ,?IS D\BTFUL DI/9CTION HAS FALL5 TO ! LOT ( MY WORK ON ,RUSSIA4 

,! /ORY ( ?AT PA9FUL EXP]I5CE MI<T WELL MAKE ANO!R *APT]1 BUT = ! PRES5T IT IS SUFFICI5T TO GIVE ! B>E FACTS ( ! CASE4 

,MY MANUSCRIPT WAS S5T TO ! ORIG9AL PUR*AS] 9 TWO P>TS1 AT DIFF]5T TIMES4 ,SUBSEQU5TLY ! PUBLI%+ H\SE ( ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& ,CO4 B\<T ! RI<TS TO MY WORK1 BUT :5 ! FIR/ PR9T$ COPIES REA*$ ME ,I DISCOV]$ TO MY DISMAY ?AT NOT ONLY HAD MY ORIG9AL TITLE1 0,MY ,TWO ,YE>S 9 ,RUSSIA10 BE5 *ANG$ TO 0,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA10 BUT ?AT ! LA/ TWELVE *APT]S W]E 5TIRELY MISS+1 9CLUD+ MY ,AFT]WORD :I* IS1 AT LEA/ TO MYSELF1 ! MO/ VITAL P>T4 

,!RE FOLL[$ AN EX*ANGE ( CABLES & LETT]S1 :I* GRADUALLY ELICIT$ ! FACT ?AT ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& ,CO4 HAD SECUR$ MY ,M,S,S4 FROM A LIT]>Y AG5CY 9 ! GOOD FAI? ?AT IT WAS COMPLETE4 ,BY SOME CONSPIRACY ( CIRCUM/ANCES ! SECOND 9/ALLM5T ( MY WORK EI!R FAIL$ TO REA* ! ORIG9AL PUR*AS] OR WAS LO/ 9 HIS (FICE4 ,AT ANY RATE1 ! BOOK WAS PUBLI%$ )\T ANY ONE'S SUSPECT+ ITS 9COMPLET5ESS4 

,! PRES5T VOLUME CONTA9S ! *APT]S MISS+ FROM ! FIR/ $ITION1 & ,I DEEPLY APPRECIATE ! DEVOTION ( MY FRI5DS :O HAVE MADE ! APPE>ANCE ( ?IS ADDITIONAL ISSUE POSSIBLE-9 JU/ICE TO MYSELF & TO MY READ]S4 

,! ADV5TURES ( MY ,M,S,S4 >E NOT )\T !IR HUMOR\S SIDE1 :I* ?R[S A PECULI> LI<T ON ! CRITICS4 ,( ALMO/ A HUNDR$ ,AM]ICAN REVIEW]S ( MY WORK ONLY TWO S5S$ ITS 9COMPLET5ESS4 ,&1 9CID5TALLY1 ONE ( !M IS NOT A 0REGUL>0 CRITIC BUT A LIBR>IAN4 ,RA!R A REFLECTION ON PR(ESSIONAL ACUM5 OR CONSCI5TI\SNESS4 

,IT W]E A WA/E ( TIME TO NOTICE ! 0CRITICISM0 ( ?OSE :O HAVE EI!R NOT READ ! BOOK OR LACK$ ! WIT TO REALIZE ?AT IT WAS UNF9I%$4 ,( ALL ! ALLEG$ 0REVIEWS0 ONLY TWO DES]VE CONSID]ATION AS WRITT5 BY E>NE/ & ABLE M53 ?OSE ( ,H5RY ,ALSB]G & ,H4 ,L4 ,M5CK54 

,MR4 ,ALSB]G BELIEVES ?AT ! PRES5T TITLE ( MY BOOK IS MORE APPROPRIATE TO ITS CONT5TS ?AN ! NAME ,I HAD *OS54 ,MY DISILLUSIONM5T1 HE ASS]TS1 IS NOT ONLY ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI BUT ) ! ,REVOLUTION ITSELF4 ,9 SUPPORT ( ?IS CONT5TION HE CITES ,BUKH>9'S REM>K TO ! EFFECT ?AT 0A REVOLUTION CANNOT BE ACCOMPLI%$ )\T T]ROR1 DISORGANIZATION1 & EV5 WANTON DE/RUCTION1 ANY MORE ?AN AN OMELET CAN BE MADE )\T BREAK+ ! EGGS40 ,BUT IT SEEMS NOT TO HAVE OCCURR$ TO ,MR4 ,ALSB]G ?AT1 ?\< ! BREAK+ ( ! EGGS IS NECESS>Y1 NO OMELET CAN BE MADE IF ! YOLK BE ?R[N AWAY4 ,& ?AT IS PRECISELY :AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DID TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,= ! YOLK !Y SUB/ITUT$ ,BOL%EVISM1 MORE SPECIFICALLY ,L59ISM1 ) ! RESULT AS %[N 9 MY BOOK-A RESULT ?AT IS GRADUALLY BE+ REALIZ$ AS AN 5TIRE FAILURE BY ! WORLD AT L>GE4 

,MR4 ,ALSB]G ALSO BELIEVES ?AT IT WAS NOT 0GRIM NECESSITY1 ! DRIV+ NE$ TO PRES]VE NOT ! ,REVOLUTION BUT ! REMNANTS ( CIVILIZATION1 :I* =C$ ! ,BOL%EVIKI TO LAY H&S ON EV]Y AVAILABLE WEAPON1 ! ,T]ROR1 ! ,T*EKA1 SUPPRESSION ( FREE SPEE* & PRESS1 C5SOR%IP1 MILIT>Y CONSCRIPTION1 CONSCRIPTION ( LABOR1 REQUISITION+ ( PEASANTS' CROPS1 EV5 BRIB]Y & CORRUPTION40 ,MR4 ,ALSB]G EVID5TLY AGREES ) ME ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/S EMPLOY$ ALL !SE ME?ODS2 & ?AT1 AS HE HIMSELF /ATES1 0! 'MEANS' L>GELY DET]M9ES ! '5D0'-A CONCLUSION ! PRO( & DEMON/RATION ( :I* >E CONTA9$ 9 MY BOOK4 ,! ONLY MI/AKE 9 ?IS VIEWPO9T1 H[EV]-A MO/ VITAL ONE-IS ! ASSUMPTION ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI W]E =C$ TO RESORT TO ! ME?ODS REF]R$ TO 9 ORD] TO 0PRES]VE ! REMNANTS ( CIVILIZATION40 ,SU* A VIEW IS BAS$ ON AN 5TIRE MISCONCEPTION ( ! PHILOSOPHY & PRACTICE ( ,BOL%EVISM4 ,NO?+ CAN BE FUR!R FROM ! DESIRE OR 9T5TION ( ,L59ISM ?AT ! 0PRES]VATION ( ! REMNANTS ( CIVILIZATION40 ,HAD ,MR4 ,ALSB]G SAID 9/EAD 0! PRES]VATION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ DICTATOR%IP1 ( ! POLITICAL ABSOLUTISM ( ! ,P>TY01 HE W\LD HAVE COME NE>] ! TRU?1 & WE %\LD HAVE NO QU>REL ON ! MATT]4 ,WE MU/ NOT FAIL TO CONSID] ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI CONT9UE TO EMPLOY EXACTLY ! SAME ME?ODS TO-DAY AS !Y DID 9 :AT ,MR4 ,ALSB]G CALLS 0! MOM5TS ( GRIM NECESSITY1 9 #a#i#a#i1 #a#i#b1 & #a#i#b#a40 

,WE >E 9 #a#i#b#d4 ,! MILIT>Y FRONTS HAVE LONG AGO BE5 LIQUIDAT$2 9T]NAL C\NT]REVOLUTION IS SUPPRESS$2 ! OLD B\RGEOISIE IS ELIM9AT$2 ! 0MOM5TS ( GRIM NECESSITY0 >E PA/4 ,9 FACT1 ,RUSSIA IS BE+ POLITICALLY RECOGNIZ$ BY V>I\S GOV]NM5TS ( ,EUROPE & ,ASIA1 & ! ,BOL%EVIKI >E 9VIT+ 9T]NATIONAL CAPITAL TO COME TO !IR C\NTRY :OSE NATURAL WEAL?1 AS ,T*I*]9 ASSURES ! WORLD CAPITALI/S1 IS 0WAIT+ TO BE EXPLOIT$40 ,! 0MOM5TS ( GRIM NECESSITY0 >E GONE1 BUT ! ,T]ROR1 ! ,T*EKA1 SUPPRESSION ( FREE SPEE* & PRESS1 & ALL ! O!R ,COMMUNI/ ME?ODS 5UM]AT$ BY ,MR4 ,ALSB]G /ILL REMA9 9 =CE4 ,9DE$1 !Y >E BE+ APPLI$ EV5 MORE BRUTALLY & B>B>\SLY S9CE ! DEA? ( ,L594 ,IS IT TO 0 PRES]VE ! REMNANTS ( CIVILIZATION10 AS ,MR4 ,ALSB]G CLAIMS1 OR TO /R5G!N ! WEAK5+ ,P>TY DICTATOR%IP8 

,MR4 ,ALSB]G *>GES ME ) BELIEV+ ?AT 0HAD ! ,RUSSIANS MADE ! ,REVOLUTION A LA ,BAKUN9 9/EAD ( A LA ,M>X0 ! RESULT W\LD HAVE BE5 DIFF]5T & MORE SATISFACTORY4 ,I PLEAD GUILTY TO ! *>GE4 ,9 TRU?1 ,I NOT ONLY BELIEVE SO2 ,I AM C]TA9 ( IT4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION-MORE CORRECTLY1 ,BOL%EVIK ME?ODS-CONCLUSIVELY DEMON/RAT$ H[ A REVOLUTION %\LD NOT BE MADE4 ,! ,RUSSIAN EXP]IM5T HAS PROV5 ! FATALITY ( A POLITICAL P>TY USURP+ ! FUNCTIONS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE1 ( AN OMNIPOT5T ,/ATE SEEK+ TO IMPOSE ITS WILL UPON ! C\NTRY1 ( A DICTATOR%IP ATTEMPT+ TO 0ORGANIZE0 ! NEW LIFE4 ,BUT ,I NE$ NOT REPEAT H]E ! REFLECTIONS SUMM$ UP 9 MY CONCLUD+ *APT]4 ,UN=TUNATELY !Y DID NOT APPE> 9 ! FIR/ $ITION ( MY WORK4 ,O!RWISE ,MR4 ,ALSB]G MI<T P]HAPS HAVE WRITT5 DIFF]5TLY4 

,MR4 ,M5CK5 9 HIS REVIEW BELIEVES ME A 0PREJUDIC$ WITNESS10 BECAUSE ,I-AN ,AN>*I/ -AM OPPOS$ TO GOV]NM5T1 :ATEV] ITS =M4 ,YET ! :OLE FIR/ P>T ( MY BOOK 5TIRELY DISPROVES ! ASSUMPTION ( MY PREJUDICE4 ,I DEF5D$ ! ,BOL%EVIKI :ILE /ILL 9 ,AM]ICA1 & = LONG MON?S 9 ,RUSSIA ,I S\<T EV]Y OPPORTUNITY TO COOP]ATE ) !M & TO AID 9 ! GREAT TASK ( REVOLUTION>Y UPBUILD+4 ,?\< AN ,AN>*I/ & AN ANTI-GOV]NM5TALI/1 ,I HAD NOT COME TO ,RUSSIA EXPECT+ TO F9D MY IDEAL REALIZ$4 ,I SAW 9 ! ,BOL%EVIKI ! SYMBOL ( ! ,REVOLUTION & ,I WAS EAG] TO WORK ) !M 9 SPITE ( \R DIFF]5CES4 ,H[EV]1 IF LACK ( ALO(NESS FROM ! ACTUALITIES ( LIFE MEANS ?AT ONE CANNOT JUDGE ?+S FAIRLY1 !N ,MR ,M5CK5 IS RI<T4 ,ONE C\LD NOT HAVE LIV$ ?R\< TWO YE>S ( ,COMMUNI/ T]ROR1 ( A REGIME 9VOLV+ ! 5SLAVEM5T ( ! :OLE PEOPLE1 ! ANNIHILATION ( ! MO/ FUNDAM5TAL VALUES1 HUMAN & REVOLUTION>Y1 ( CORRUPTION & MISMANAGEM5T1 & YET HAVE REMA9$ ALO( OR 0IMP>TIAL0 9 ,MR4 ,M5CK5'S S5SE4 ,I D\BT :E!R ,MR4 ,M5CK51 ?\< NOT AN ,AN>*I/1 W\LD HAVE DONE SO4 ,C\LD HE1 BE+ HUMAN8 

,9 CONCLUSION1 ! PRES5T PUBLICATION ( ! *APT]S MISS+ 9 ! FIR/ $ITION COMES AT A V]Y SIGNIFICANT P]IOD 9 ! LIFE ( ,RUSSIA4 ,:5 ! 0,NEP10 ,L59'S NEW ECONOMIC POLICY1 WAS 9TRODUC$1 !RE ROSE ! HOPE ( A BETT] DAY1 ( A GRADUAL ABOLITION ( ! POLICIES ( T]ROR & P]SECUTION4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ DICTATOR%IP SEEM$ 9CL9$ TO RELAX ITS /RANGLE-HOLD UPON ! ?\<TS & LIVES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,BUT ! HOPE WAS %ORT-LIV$4 ,S9CE ! DEA? ( ,L59 ! ,BOL%EVIKI HAVE RETURN$ TO ! T]ROR ( ! WOR/ DAYS ( !IR REGIME4 ,DESPOTISM1 FE>+ = ITS P[]1 SEEKS SAFETY 9 BLOOD%$4 ,MORE TIMELY EV5 ?AN 9 #aibb IS MY BOOK TO-DAY4 

,:5 ! FIR/ S]IES ( MY >TICLES ON ,RUSSIA APPE>$1 9 #a#i#b#b1 & LAT] :5 MY BOOK WAS PUBLI%$1 ,I WAS BITT]LY ATTACK$ & D5\NC$ BY ,AM]ICAN RADICALS ( ALMO/ EV]Y CAMP4 ,BUT ,I FELT CONFID5T ?AT ! TIME W\LD COME :5 ! MASK W\LD BE TORN FROM ! FALSE FACE ( ,BOL%EVISM & ! GREAT DELUSION EXPOS$4 ,! TIME HAS COME EV5 SOON] ?AN ,I ANTICIPAT$4 ,9 MO/ CIVILIZ$ L&S-9 ,FRANCE1 ,5GL&1 ,G]MANY1 9 ! ,SC&9AVIAN & ,LAT9 C\NTRIES1 EV5 9 ,AM]ICA ! FOG ( BL9D FAI? IS GRADUALLY LIFT+4 ,! REACTION>Y *>ACT] ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME IS BE+ REALIZ$ BY ! MASSES1 ITS T]RORISM & P]SECUTION ( NON-,COMMUNI/ OP9ION CONDEMN$4 ,! TORTURE ( ! POLITICAL VICTIMS ( ! DICTATOR%IP 9 ! PRISONS ( ,RUSSIA1 9 ! CONC5TRATION CAMPS ( ! FROZ5 ,NOR? & 9 ,SIB]IAN EXILE1 IS R\S+ ! CONSCI5CE ( ! MORE PROGRESSIVE ELEM5TS ! WORLD OV]4 ,9 ALMO/ EV]Y C\NTRY SOCIETIES = ! DEF5SE & AID ( ! POLITICALS IMPRISON$ 9 ,RUSSIA HAVE BE5 =M$1 ) ! OBJECT ( SECUR+ !IR LIB]ATION & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( FRE$OM ( OP9ION & EXPRESSION 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,IF MY WORK WILL HELP 9 !SE EF=TS TO ?R[ LI<T UPON ! REAL SITUATION 9 ,RUSSIA & TO AWAK5 ! WORLD TO ! TRUE *>ACT] ( ,BOL%EVISM & ! FATALITY ( DICTATOR%IP-BE IT ,FASCI/ OR ,COMMUNI/-,I %ALL BE> ) EQUANIMITY ! MISUND]/&+ & MISREPRES5TATION ( FOE OR FRI5D4 ,& ,I %ALL NOT REGRET ! TRAVAIL & /RUGGLE ( SPIRIT ?AT PRODUC$ ?IS WORK1 :I* N[1 AFT] MANY VICISSITUDES1 IS AT LA/ COMPLETE 9 PR9T4 

,E,M,M,A ,G,O,L,D,M,A,N4 

,B]L91 ,JUNE1 #a#i#b#d4 

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,ODESSA 
,M,Y ,F,U,R,!,R ,D,I,S,I,L,L,U,S,I,O,N,M,5,T ,9 ,R,U,S,S,I,A 

,BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& ,COMPANY2 #aibd 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I 

,O,D,E,S,S,A 

,A,T ,! NUM]\S /ATIONS BETWE5 ,KIEV & ,ODESSA WE FREQU5TLY HAD TO WAIT 
= DAYS BE=E WE MANAG$ TO MAKE CONNECTIONS ) TRA9S GO+ S\?4 ,WE 
EMPLOY$ \R LEISURE 9 VISIT+ ! SMALL T[NS & VILLAGES1 & =M$ MANY 
ACQUA9TANCES4 ,! M>KETS W]E ESPECIALLY ( 9T]E/ TO US4 

,9 ! ,KIEV PROV9CE BY F> ! GREAT] P>T ( ! POPULATION IS ,JEWI%4 ,!Y 
HAD SUFF]$ MANY POGROMS & W]E N[ LIV+ 9 CON/ANT T]ROR ( !IR 
REPETITION4 ,BUT ! WILL TO LIVE IS 9DE/RUCTIBLE1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! 
,JEW2 O!RWISE C5TURIES ( P]SECUTION & SLAU<T] W\LD LONG S9CE HAVE 
DE/ROY$ ! RACE4 ,ITS PECULI> P]SEV]ANCE WAS MANIFE/ EV]Y:]E3 ! 
,JEWS CONT9U$ TO TRADE AS IF NO?+ HAD HAPP5$4 ,! NEWS ?AT ,AM]ICANS 
W]E 9 T[N W\LD QUICKLY GA!R AB\T US CR[DS ( PEOPLE ANXI\S TO HE> ( 
! ,NEW ,WORLD4 ,TO !M IT WAS /ILL A 0NEW0 WORLD1 ( :I* !Y W]E AS 
IGNORANT AS !Y HAD BE5 FIFTY YE>S BE=E4 ,BUT NOT ONLY ,AM]ICA-,RUSSIA 
ITSELF WAS A SEAL$ BOOK TO !M4 ,!Y KNEW ?AT IT WAS A C\NTRY ( POGROMS1 
?AT SOME 9COMPREH5SIBLE ?+ CALL$ REVOLUTION HAD HAPP5$1 & ?AT ! 
,BOL%EVIKI W\LD NOT LET !M PLY !IR TRADE4 ,EV5 ! Y\NG] ELEM5T 9 ! 
MORE DI/ANT VILLAGES WAS NOT MU* BETT] 9=M$4 

,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 A FAMI%$ POPULATION & ONE HAV+ ACCESS TO FOOD 
SUPPLIES WAS V]Y NOTICEABLE4 ,BETWE5 ,KIEV & ,ODESSA PRODUCTS W]E EXTREMELY 
*EAP AS COMP>$ ) NOR!RN ,RUSSIA4 ,BUTT]1 = 9/ANCE1 WAS #be RUBLES A 
P\ND AS AGA9/ #c1 9 ,PETROGRAD2 SUG> #ce RUBLES1 :ILE 9 ,MOSC[ IT WAS 
#e14 ,:ITE FL\R1 ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE TO OBTA9 9 ! CAPITALS1 WAS H]E SOLD 
AT #h RUBLES A P\ND4 ,YET ALL ALONG ! J\RNEY WE W]E BESIEG$ AT ! 
/ATIONS BY HUNGRY PEOPLE1 BEGG+ = FOOD4 ,! C\NTRY POSSESS$ PL5TY ( 
SUPPLIES1 BUT EVID5TLY ! AV]AGE P]SON HAD NO MEANS ( PUR*ASE4 
,ESPECIALLY T]RIBLE WAS ! SI<T ( ! EMACIAT$ & RAGG$ *ILDR51 
PLEAD+ = A CRU/ ( BREAD AT ! C> W9D[S4 

,:ILE 9 ! NEI<BORHOOD ( ,ZHM]5KA WE RECEIV$ ! APPALL+ NEWS ( ! 
RETREAT ( ! ,TWELF? ,>MY & ! QUICK ADVANCE ( ! ,POLI% =CES4 ,IT WAS 
A V]ITABLE R\T 9 :I* ! ,BOL%EVIKI LO/ GREAT /ORES ( FOOD & M$ICAL 
SUPPLIES1 ( :I* ,RUSSIA /OOD SO MU* 9 NE$4 ,! ,POLI% OP]ATIONS & ! 
,WRANGEL ATTACKS FROM ! ,CRIMEA ?REAT5$ TO CUT \R J\RNEY %ORT4 ,IT HAD 
BE5 \R ORIG9AL PURPOSE TO VISIT ! ,CAUCASUS BUT ! NEW DEVELOPM5TS MADE 
TRAVEL F>!R ?AN ,ODESSA IMPRACTICABLE4 ,WE /ILL HOP$1 H[EV]1 TO CONT9UE 
\R TRIP PROVID$ WE C\LD SECURE AN EXT5SION ( TIME = \R C> P]MIT1 
:I* WAS TO EXPIRE ON ,OCTOB] #a/4 

,WE REA*$ ,ODESSA JU/ AFT] A FIRE HAD COMPLETELY DE/ROY$ ! MA9 
TELEGRAPH & ELECTRIC /ATIONS1 PUTT+ ! CITY 9 TOTAL D>KNESS4 ,AS IT 
W\LD REQUIRE CONSID]ABLE TIME TO MAKE REPAIRS1 ! SITUATION 9CREAS$ ! 
N]V\SNESS ( ! CITY1 = D>KNESS FAVOR$ C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y PLOTS4 
,RUMORS W]E AFLOAT ( ,KIEV HAV+ BE5 TAK5 BY ! ,POLES & ( ! APPROA* 
( ,WRANGEL4 

,IT WAS \R CU/OM TO PAY \R FIR/ (FICIAL VISIT TO ! ,ISPOLKOM  
7,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE7 9 ORD] TO FAMILI>IZE \RSELVES ) ! SITUATION & 
! G5]AL WORK S*EME ( ! LOCAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,9 ,ODESSA !RE WAS A 
,REVKOM 9/EAD1 9DICAT+ ?AT ! AFFAIRS ( ! CITY HAD NOT YET BE5 
SUFFICI5TLY ORGANIZ$ TO E/ABLI% A ,SOVIET & ITS ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE4 ,! 
,*AIRMAN ( ! ,REVKOM WAS A Y\NG MAN1 NOT OV] ?IRTY1 ) A H>D 
FACE4 ,AFT] SCRUT9IZ+ \R DOCUM5TS C>EFULLY & LE>N+ ! OBJECTS ( 
\R MISSION HE /AT$ ?AT HE C\LD NOT BE ( ANY ASSI/ANCE TO US4 ,! 
SITUATION 9 ,ODESSA WAS PREC>I\S1 & AS HE WAS BUSY ) MANY PRESS+ 
MATT]S1 ! ,EXP$ITION W\LD HAVE TO LOOK \T = ITSELF4 ,HE GAVE US 
P]MISSION1 H[EV]1 TO VISIT ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS & TO COLLECT :ATEV] 
WE MI<T BE ABLE TO PROCURE4 ,HE DID NOT CONSID] ! ,PETROGRAD ,MUSEUM & ITS 
WORK ( MU* IMPORTANCE4 ,HE WAS AN ORD9>Y WORK] APPO9T$ TO A HI< 
GOV]NM5T POSITION1 NOT OV]-9TELLIG5T & APP>5TLY ANTAGONI/IC TO 
EV]Y?+ 09TELLECTUAL40 

,! PROSPECTS DID NOT LOOK PROMIS+1 BUT1 ( C\RSE1 WE C\LD NOT LEAVE 
,ODESSA )\T MAK+ A S]I\S EF=T TO COLLECT ! RI* HI/ORICAL MAT]IAL 
:I* WE KNEW TO BE 9 ! CITY4 ,RETURN+ FROM ! ,REVKOM  WE HAPP5$ 
TO MEET A GR\P ( Y\NG PEOPLE :O RECOGNIZ$ US1 !Y HAV+ LIV$ 9 ,AM]ICA 
BE=E4 ,!Y ASSUR$ US ?AT WE C\LD EXPECT NO AID FROM ! ,*AIRMAN :O WAS 
KN[N AS A N>R[ FANATIC EMBITT]$ AGA9/ ! 9TELLIG5TSIA4 
  ,SEV]AL ( ! GR\P (F]$ TO 9TRODUCE US TO O!R (FICIALS :O W\LD 
BE ABLE & WILL+ TO ASSI/ US 9 \R EF=TS4 ,WE LE>N$ ?AT ! ,*AIRMAN 
( ,PUBLIC ,ECONOMY 9 ,ODESSA WAS AN ,AN>*I/1 & ?AT ! HEAD ( ! ,METAL 
,TRADE ,UNIONS WAS ALSO AN ,AN>*I/4 ,! 9=MATION HELD \T HOPE ?AT WE 
MI<T ACCOMPLI% SOME?+ 9 ,ODESSA1 AFT] ALL4 

,WE LO/ NO TIME 9 VISIT+ ! TWO M51 BUT ! RESULT WAS NOT 5C\RAG+4 
,BO? W]E WILL+ TO DO EV]Y?+ 9 !IR P[]1 BUT W>N$ US TO EXPECT NO 
RETURNS BECAUSE ,ODESSA1 AS !Y PHRAS$ IT1 WAS ,! ,CITY ( ,SABOTAGE4 

,IT MU/ UN=TUNATELY BE ADMITT$ ?AT \R EXP]I5CE JU/IFI$ ?AT 
*>ACT]IZATION4 ,I HAD SE5 A GREAT DEAL ( SABOTAGE 9 V>I\S ,SOVIET 
9/ITUTIONS 9 EV]Y CITY ,I HAD VISIT$4 ,EV]Y:]E ! NUM]\S EMPLOYES 
DELIB]ATELY WA/$ !IR TIME :ILE ?\S&S ( APPLICANTS SP5T DAYS 
& WEEKS 9 ! CORRIDORS & (FICES )\T RECEIV+ ! LEA/ ATT5TION4 
,! GREAT] P>T ( ,RUSSIA DID NO?+ ELSE BUT /& 9 L9E1 WAIT+ = ! 
BUREAUCRATS1 BIG & LITTLE1 TO ADMIT !M TO !IR SANCTUMS4 ,BUT BAD AS  
CONDITIONS W]E 9 O!R CITIES1 NO:]E DID ,I F9D SU* SY/EMATIC SABOTAGE AS 
9 ,ODESSA4 ,FROM ! HI<E/ TO ! L[E/ ,SOVIET WORK] EV]YONE WAS BUSY ) 
SOME?+ O!R ?AN ! WORK 5TRU/$ TO HIM4 ,(FICE H\RS W]E SUPPOS$ TO 
BEG9 AT T51 BUT AS A RULE NO (FICIAL C\LD BE F\ND 9 ANY ( ! 
DEP>TM5TS TILL NOON OR EV5 LAT]4 ,AT ?REE 9 ! AFT]NOON ! 
9/ITUTIONS CLOS$1 & !RE=E V]Y LITTLE WORK WAS ACCOMPLI%$4 

,WE REMA9$ 9 ,ODESSA TWO WEEKS1 BUT SO F> AS MAT]IAL COLLECT$ ?R\< 
(FICIAL *ANNELS WAS CONC]N$1 WE GOT PRACTICALLY NO?+4 ,:ATEV] WE 
ACCOMPLI%$ WAS DUE TO ! AID ( PRIVATE P]SONS & MEMB]S ( \TLAW$ 
POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,FROM !M WE RECEIV$ VALUABLE MAT]IAL CONC]N+ ! 
P]SECUTION ( ! ,M5%EVIKI & ! LABOR ORGANIZATIONS :]E ! 9FLU5CE 
( ! =M] WAS /RONGE/4 ,! MANAGEM5T ( SEV]AL UNIONS HAD BE5 
5TIRELY SUSP5D$ AT ! TIME WE >RIV$ 9 ,ODESSA1 & !RE BEGAN A COMPLETE 
REORGANIZATION ( !M BY ! ,COMMUNI/S1 = ! PURPOSE ( ELIM9AT+ ALL 
OPPOS+ ELEM5TS4 

,AMONG ! 9T]E/+ PEOPLE WE MET 9 ,ODESSA W]E ! ,ZIONI/S1 9CLUD+ 
SOME WELL KN[N LIT]>Y & PR(ESSIONAL M54 ,IT WAS AT ,DOCTOR ,N- 'S H\SE 
?AT WE MET !M4 ,! ,DOCTOR HIMSELF WAS ! [N] ( A SANATORIUM LOCAT$ ON 
A BEAUTIFUL SPOT OV]LOOK+ ! ,BLACK ,SEA & CONSID]$ ! BE/ 9 ! 
,S\?4 ,! 9/ITUTION HAD BE5 NATIONALIZ$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 BUT ,DOCTOR ,N - 
WAS LEFT 9 *>GE & WAS EV5 P]MITT$ TO TAKE 9 PRIVATE PATI5TS4 ,9 
RETURN = ?AT PRIVILEGE HE HAD TO BO>D & GIVE M$ICAL ATT5TION TO ,SOVIET 
PATI5TS = ONE ?IRD ( ! E/ABLI%$ PRICE4 

,LATE 9TO ! NI<T WE DISCUSS$ ! ,RUSSIAN SITUATION ) ! GUE/S AT ! 
,DOCTOR'S H\SE4 ,MO/ ( !M W]E ANTAGONI/IC TO ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME4 
0,L59 LET LOOSE ! MOTTO ',ROB ! ROBB]S1' & AT LEA/ H]E 9 ! ,UKRA9A 
HIS FOLL[]S HAVE C>RI$ \T ! ORD] TO ! LETT]10 SAID ! ,DOCTOR4 ,IT 
WAS ! G5]AL OP9ION ( ! GA!R+ ?AT ! CONFUSION & RU9 :I* 
RESULT$ W]E DUE TO ?AT POLICY4 ,IT ROBB$ ! OLD B\RGEOISIE BUT DID NOT 
B5EFIT ! WORK]S4 ,! ,DOCTOR CIT$ HIS SANATORIUM AS AN ILLU/RATION4 ,:5 
! ,BOL%EVIKI TOOK IT OV] !Y DECL>$ ?AT ! PROLET>IAT WAS TO [N & 
5JOY ! PLACE1 BUT NOT A S+LE WORK] HAD S9CE BE5 RECEIV$ AS PATI5T1 
NOT EV5 A PROLET>IAN ,COMMUNI/4 ,! PEOPLE ! ,SOVIET S5T TO ! SANATORIUM 
W]E MEMB]S ( ! NEW BUREAUCRACY1 USUALLY ! HI< (FICIALS4 ,! ,*AIRMAN 
( ! ,T*EKA1 = 9/ANCE1 :O SUFF]$ FROM N]V\S BREAKD[N1 HAD BE5 9 
! 9/ITUTION SEV]AL TIMES4 0,HE WORKS SIXTE5 H\RS A DAY S5D+ PEOPLE TO 
!IR DEA?10 ! DOCTOR COMM5T$4 0,Y\ CAN EASILY IMAG9E H[ IT FEELS TO 
TAKE C>E ( SU* A MAN40 

,ONE ( ! ,BUNDI/ WRIT]S PRES5T HELD ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI W]E TRY+ TO 
IMITATE ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 ,CORRUPTION WAS RAMPANT2 IT PUT 9 ! %ADE ! 
WOR/ CRIMES ( ! ,JACOB9S4 ,NOT A DAY PASS$ BUT ?AT PEOPLE W]E >RE/$ 
= TRAD+ 9 ,CZ>I/ OR ,K]5SKY MONEY2 YET IT WAS AN OP5 SECRET ?AT ! 
,*AIRMAN ( ! ,T*EKA HIMSELF SPECULAT$ 9 VALUTA4 ,! DEPRAVITY ( ! 
,T*EKA WAS A MATT] ( COMMON KN[L$GE4 ,PEOPLE W]E %OT = SLI<T (F5SES1 
:ILE ?OSE :O C\LD AF=D TO GIVE BRIBES W]E FRE$ EV5 AFT] !Y HAD BE5 
S5T5C$ TO DEA?4 ,IT REPEAT$LY HAPP5$ ?AT ! RI* RELATIVES ( AN 
>RE/$ MAN W\LD BE NOTIFI$ BY ! ,T*EKA ( HIS EXECUTION4 ,A FEW WEEKS 
LAT]1 AFT] !Y HAD SOME:AT RECOV]$ FROM !IR %OCK & GRIEF1 !Y W\LD 
BE 9=M$ ?AT ! REPORT ( ! MAN'S DEA? WAS ]RONE\S1 ?AT HE WAS 
ALIVE & C\LD BE LIB]AT$ BY PAY+ A F9E1 USUALLY A V]Y HI< ONE4 ,( 
C\RSE1 ! RELATIVES W\LD /RA9 EV]Y EF=T TO RAISE ! MONEY4 ,!N !Y 
W\LD SUDD5LY BE >RE/$ = ATTEMPT$ BRIB]Y1 !IR MONEY CONFISCAT$ & 
! PRISON] %OT4 

,ONE ( ! ,DOCTOR'S GUE/S1 :O LIV$ 9 ! 0,T*EKA ,/REET0 TOLD ( ! 
REF9EM5TS ( T]RORISM PRACTIC$ TO AWE ! POPULATION4 ,ALMO/ DAILY HE 
WITNESS$ ! SAME SI<TS3 E>LY 9 ! MORN+ M\NT$ ,T*EKI/S W\LD DA% 
BY1 %OOT+ 9TO ! AIR-A W>N+ ?AT ALL W9D[S MU/ BE CLOS$4 ,!N CAME 
MOTOR TRUCKS LOAD$ ) ! DOOM$4 ,!Y LAY 9 R[S1 FACES D[NW>D1 !IR 
H&S TI$1 SOLDI]S /&+ OV] !M ) RIFLES4 ,!Y W]E BE+ C>RI$ 
TO EXECUTION \TSIDE ! CITY4 ,A FEW H\RS LAT] ! TRUCKS W\LD RETURN EMPTY 
SAVE = A FEW SOLDI]S4 ,BLOOD DRIPP$ FROM ! WAGONS1 LEAV+ A CRIMSON 
/REAK ON ! PAVEM5T ALL ! WAY TO ! ,T*EKA HEADQU>T]S4 

,IT WAS NOT POSSIBLE ?AT ,MOSC[ DID NOT KN[ AB\T !SE ?+S1 ! ,ZIONI/S 
ASS]T$4 ,! FE> ( ! C5TRAL P[] WAS TOO GREAT TO P]MIT  
( ! LOCAL ,T*EKA DO+ ANY?+ NOT APPROV$ BY ,MOSC[4 ,BUT IT WAS NO 
WOND] ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI HAD TO RESORT TO SU* ME?ODS4 ,A SMALL POLITICAL 
P>TY TRY+ TO CONTROL A POPULATION ( #a#e11 :I* BITT]LY HAT$ ! 
,COMMUNI/S1 C\LD NOT HOPE TO MA9TA9 ITSELF )\T SU* AN 9/ITUTION AS 
! ,T*EKA4 ,! LATT] WAS *>ACT]I/IC ( ! BASIC PR9CIPLES ( ,BOL%EVIK 
CONCEPTION3 ! C\NTRY MU/ BE =C$   TO BE SAV$   BY ! 
,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,! PRETEXT ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI W]E DEF5D+ ! ,REVOLUTION 
WAS A HOLL[ MOCK]Y4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 !Y HAD 5TIRELY DE/ROY$ IT4 

,IT HAD GR[N SO LATE ?AT ! MEMB]S ( \R EXP$ITION C\LD NOT RETURN TO 
! C>1 FE>+ DIFFICULTY 9 LOCAT+ IT1 BECAUSE ( ! D>K NI<T4 ,WE 
!RE=E REMA9$ AT ! HOME ( \R HO/1 TO MEET NEXT DAY A GR\P ( M5 ( 
NATIONAL REPUTATION1 9CLUD+ ,BIALECK1 ! GREATE/ LIV+ ,JEWI% POET1 KN[N 
TO ,JEWS ! WORLD OV]4 ,!RE WAS ALSO PRES5T A LIT]>Y 9VE/IGATOR1 :O HAD 
MADE A SPECIAL /UDY ( ! QUE/ION ( POGROMS4 ,HE HAD VISIT$ SEV5TY-TWO 
CITIES1 COLLECT+ ! RI*E/ MAT]IAL TO BE HAD ON ! SUBJECT4 ,IT WAS HIS 
OP9ION ?AT1 CONTR>Y TO ACCEPT$ NOTION1 ! POGROM WAVE DUR+ ! CIVIL W> 
P]IOD1 BETWE5 ! YE>S #aiah & #a#i#b#a1 UND] ! V>I\S ,UKRA9IAN 
GOV]NM5TS1 WAS EV5 WORSE ?AN ! MO/ T]RIBLE ,JEWI% MASSACRES UND] ! 
,CZ>S4 ,!RE HAD TAK5 PLACE NO POGROMS DUR+ ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME1 
BUT HE BELIEV$ ?AT ! ATMOSPH]E CREAT$ BY !M 9T5SIFI$ ! ANTI-,JEWI% 
SPIRIT & W\LD SOME DAY BREAK \T 9 ! :OLESALE SLAU<T] ( ! ,JEWS4 ,HE 
DID NOT ?9K ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI W]E P>TICUL>LY CONC]N$ 9 DEF5D+ HIS 
RACE4 ,9 C]TA9 LOCALITIES ( ! ,S\? ! ,JEWS1 CON/ANTLY EXPOS$ TO 
ASSAULT & PILLAGE BY ROBB] B&S & OCCASIONALLY BY 9DIVIDUAL ,R$ 
SOLDI]S1 HAD APPEAL$ TO ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T = P]MISSION TO ORGANIZE 
!MSELVES = SELF-DEF5SE1 REQUE/+ ?AT >MS BE GIV5 !M4 ,BUT 9 ALL 
SU* CASES ! ,GOV]NM5T REFUS$4 

,IT WAS ! G5]AL S5TIM5T ( ! ,ZIONI/S ?AT ! CONT9UATION ( ! 
,BOL%EVIKI 9 P[] MEANT ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ,JEWS4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,JEWS1 AS A 
RULE1 W]E NOT WORK]S4 ,FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL !Y HAD 5GAG$ 9 TRADE2 BUT 
BUS9ESS HAD BE5 DE/ROY$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/S1 & BE=E ! ,JEW C\LD BE 
TURN$ 9TO A WORK] HE W\LD DET]IORATE1 AS A RACE1 & BECOME EXT9CT4 
,SPECIFIC ,JEWI% CULTURE1 ! MO/ PRICELESS ?+ TO ! ,ZIONI/S1 WAS FR[N$ 
UPON BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,?AT PHASE ( ! SITUATION SEEM$ TO AFFECT !M EV5 
MORE DEEPLY ?AN POGROMS4 

,!SE 9TELLECTUAL ,JEWS W]E NOT ( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS4 ,!Y W]E B\RGEOIS 
)\T ANY REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT4 ,!IR CRITICISM ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI DID NOT 
APPEAL TO ME = IT WAS A CRITICISM FROM ! ,RI<T4 ,IF ,I HAD /ILL BELIEV$ 9 
! ,COMMUNI/S AS ! TRUE *AMPIONS ( ! ,REVOLUTION ,I C\LD HAVE DEF5D$ 
!M AGA9/ ! ,ZIONI/ COMPLA9TS4 ,BUT ,I MYSELF HAD LO/ FAI? 9 ! 
REVOLUTION>Y 9TEGRITY ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 

O ,*APT] #b 3 ,RETURN+ TO ,MOSC[ 
,M,Y ,F,U,R,!,R ,D,I,S,I,L,L,U,S,I,O,N,M,5,T ,9 ,R,U,S,S,I,A 

,BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& ,COMPANY2 #aibd 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I,I 

,R,E,T,U,R,N,+ ,T,O ,M,O,S,C,[ 

  

,9 A C\NTRY :]E SPEE* & PRESS >E SO COMPLETELY SUPPRESS$ AS 9 ,RUSSIA IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT ! HUMAN M9D %\LD FE$ ON FANCY & \T ( IT WEAVE ! MO/ 9CR$IBLE /ORIES4 ,ALREADY1 DUR+ MY FIR/ MON?S 9 ,PETROGRAD1 ,I WAS AMAZ$ AT ! WILD RUMORS ?AT CIRCULAT$ 9 ! CITY & W]E BELIEV$ EV5 BY 9TELLIG5T PEOPLE4 ,! ,SOVIET PRESS WAS 9ACCESSIBLE TO ! POPULATION AT L>GE & !RE WAS NO O!R NEWS M$IUM4 ,EV]Y MORN+ ,BOL%EVIK BULLET9S & PAP]S W]E PA/$ ON ! /REET CORN]S1 BUT 9 ! BITT] COLD FEW PEOPLE C>$ TO PAUSE TO READ !M4 ,BESIDES1 !RE WAS LITTLE FAI? 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ PRESS4 ,PETROGRAD WAS !RE=E COMPLETELY CUT (F1 NOT ONLY FROM ! ,WE/]N WORLD BUT EV5 FROM ! RE/ ( ,RUSSIA4 ,AN OLD REVOLUTIONI/ ONCE SAID TO ME3 0,WE NOT ONLY DON'T KN[ :AT IS GO+ ON 9 ! WORLD OR 9 ,MOSC[2 WE >E NOT EV5 AW>E ( :AT IS HAPP5+ 9 ! NEXT /REET40 ,H[EV]1 ! HUMAN M9D WILL NOT BE BOTTL$ UP ALL ! TIME4 ,IT MU/ HAVE & G5]ALLY F9DS AN \TLET4 ,RUMORS ( ATTEMPT$ RAIDS ON ,PETROGRAD1 /ORIES ?AT ,Z9OVIEV HAD BE5 DUCK$ 9 0,SOVIETSKY S\P0 BY SOME FACTORY WORK]S & ?AT ,MOSC[ WAS CAPTUR$ BY ! ,:ITES W]E AFLOAT4 

,( ,ODESSA IT WAS RELAT$ ?AT 5EMY %IPS HAD BE5 SI<T$ (F ! COA/1 & !RE WAS MU* TALK ( AN IMP5D+ ATTACK4 ,YET :5 WE >RIV$ WE F\ND ! CITY QUIET & LEAD+ ITS ORD9>Y LIFE4 ,EXCEPT = ! L>GE M>KETS1 ,ODESSA IMPRESS$ ME AS A COMPLETE PICTURE ( ,SOVIET RULE4 ,BUT WE HAD NOT BE5 GONE A DAY FROM ! CITY :51 ON \R RETURN TO ,MOSC[1 WE AGA9 MET ! SAME RUMORS4 ,! SUCCESS ( ! ,POLI% =CES & ! HA/Y RETREAT ( ! ,R$ ,>MY FURNI%$ FUEL TO ! OV]-EXCIT$ IMAG9ATION ( ! PEOPLE4 ,EV]Y:]E ! ROADS W]E BLOCK$ ) MILIT>Y TRA9S & ! /ATIONS FILL$ ) SOLDI]S SPREAD+ ! PANIC ( ! R\T4 

,AT SEV]AL PO9TS ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITIES W]E GETT+ READY TO EVACUATE AT ! FIR/ APPROA* ( DANG]4 ,! POPULATION1 H[EV]1 C\LD NOT DO ?AT4 ,AT ! RAILROAD /ATIONS ALONG ! R\TE GR\PS ( PEOPLE /OOD AB\T DISCUSS+ ! IMP5D+ ATTACK4 ,FI<T+ 9 ,RO/OV1 O!R CITIES ALREADY 9 ! H&S ( ,WRANGEL1 B&ITS HOLD+ UP TRA9S & BL[+ UP BRIDGES1 & SIMIL> /ORIES KEPT EV]YBODY 9 A PANIC4 ,IT WAS ( C\RSE IMPOSSIBLE TO V]IFY !1 RUMORS4 ,BUT WE W]E 9=M$ ?AT WE C\LD NOT CONT9UE TO ,RO/OV-ON-!-,DON1 ?AT CITY BE+ ALREADY )9 ! MILIT>Y ZONE4 ,WE W]E ADVIS$ TO />T = ,KIEV & !NCE RETURN TO ,MOSC[4 ,IT WAS H>D TO GIVE UP \R PLAN ( REA*+ ,BAKU1 BUT WE HAD NO *OICE4 ,WE C\LD NOT V5TURE TOO F>1 ESPECIALLY AS \R C> P]MIT WAS TO EXPIRE )9 A %ORT TIME4 ,WE DECID$ TO RETURN TO ,MOSC[ VIA ,KIEV4 

,:5 WE LEFT ,PETROGRAD1 WE HAD PROMIS$ TO BR+ BACK FROM ! ,S\? SOME SUG>1 :ITE FL\R1 & C]EALS = \R />V$ FRI5DS :O HAD LACK$ !SE NECESSITIES = ?REE YE>S4 ,ON ! WAY TO ,KIEV & ,ODESSA WE F\ND PROVISIONS COMP>ATIVELY *EAP2 BUT N[ ! PRICES HAD RIS5 SEV]AL HUNDR$ P]C5T4 ,FROM AN ,ODESSA FRI5D WE LE>N$ ( A PLACE TW5TY V]/S .<AB\T ?IRTE5 MILES.> FROM ,RAKHNO1 A SMALL VILLAGE NE> ,ZHM]5KA1 :]E SUG>1 HONEY1 & APPLE JELLY C\LD BE HAD AT SMALL CO/4 ,WE W]E NOT SUPPOS$ TO TRANSPORT PROVISIONS TO ,PETROGRAD1 ?\< \R C> WAS IMMUNE FROM ! USUAL 9SPECTION BY ! ,T*EKA4 ,BUT AS WE HAD NO 9T5TION ( SELL+ ANY?+1 WE FELT JU/IFI$ 9 BR++ SOME FOOD = PEOPLE :O HAD BE5 />V+ = YE>S4 ,WE HAD \R C> DETA*$ AT ,ZHM]5KA1 & TWO M5 ( ! EXP$ITION & MYSELF W5T TO ,RAKHNO4 

,IT WAS NO EASY MATT] TO 9DUCE ! ,ZHM]5KA PEASANTS TO TAKE US TO ! NEXT VILLAGE4 ,W\LD WE GIVE !M SALT1 NAILS1 OR SOME O!R M]*&ISE8 ,O!RWISE !Y W\LD NOT GO4 ,WE LO/ ! BE/ P>T ( A DAY 9 A VA9 SE>*1 BUT AT LA/ WE F\ND A MAN :O CONS5T$ TO DRIVE US TO ! PLACE 9 RETURN = ,K]5SKY RUBLES4 ,! J\RNEY REM9D$ ME ( ! ROCKY ROAD ( GOOD 9T5TIONS3 WE W]E HEAV$ UP & D[N1 J]K$ BACK & =?1 LIKE SO MANY DICE4 ,AFT] A SEEM+LY 5DLESS TRIP1 A*+ 9 EV]Y LIMB1 WE REA*$ ! VILLAGE4 ,IT WAS POOR & SQUALID1 ,JEWS CON/ITUT+ ! MA9 POPULATION4 ,! PEASANTS LIV$ ALONG ! ,RAKHNO ROAD & VISIT$ ! PLACE ONLY ON M>KET DAYS4 ,! ,SOVIET (FICIALS W]E ,G5TILES4 

,WE C>RI$ A LETT] ( 9TRODUCTION TO A WOMAN PHYSICIAN1 ! SI/] ( \R ,ODESSA ,BUNDI/ FRI5D4 ,%E WAS TO DIRECT US H[ TO GO AB\T PROCUR+ ! PROVISIONS4 ,>RIV+ AT ! ,DOCTOR'S H\SE WE F\ND H] LIV+ 9 TWO SMALL ROOMS1 ILL KEPT & UNCLEAN1 ) A DIRTY BABY CRAWL+ AB\T4 ,! WOMAN WAS BUSY MAK+ APPLE JELLY4 ,%E WAS ( ! TYPE ( DISILLUSION$ 9TELLECTUAL N[ SO FREQU5TLY MET 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,FROM H] CONV]SATION ,I LE>N$ ?AT %E & H] HUSB&1 ALSO A PHYSICIAN1 HAD BE5 DETAIL$ TO ?AT DESOLATE SPOT4 ,!Y W]E COMPLETELY1 ISOLAT$ FROM ALL 9TELLECTUAL LIFE1 HAV+ NEI!R PAP]S1 BOOKS1 NOR ASSOCIATES4 ,H] HUSB& W\LD BEG9 HIS R\NDS E>LY 9 ! MORN+ & RETURN LATE AT NI<T1 :ILE %E HAD TO ATT5D TO H] BABY & H\SEHOLD1 BESIDES TAK+ C>E ( H] [N PATI5TS4 ,%E HAD ONLY REC5TLY RECOV]$ FROM TYPHUS & IT WAS H>D = H] TO *OP WOOD1 C>RY WAT]1 WA% & COOK & LOOK AFT] H] SICK4 ,BUT :AT MADE !IR LIFE UNBE>ABLE WAS ! G5]AL ANTAGONISM TO ! 9TELLIG5TSIA4 ,!Y HAD IT CON/ANTLY ?R[N UP TO !M ?AT !Y W]E B\RGEOIS & C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S1 & !Y W]E *>G$ ) SABOTAGE4 ,IT WAS ONLY = ! SAKE ( H] *ILD ?AT %E CONT9U$ ! SORDID LIFE1 ! WOMAN SAID2 0O!RWISE IT W]E BETT] TO BE DEAD40 

,A Y\NG WOMAN1 POORLY CLAD1 BUT CLEAN & NEAT1 CAME TO ! H\SE & WAS 9TRODUC$ AS A S*OOL TEA*]4 ,%E AT ONCE GOT 9TO CONV]SATION ) ME4 ,%E WAS A ,COMMUNI/1 %E ANN\NC$1 :O WAS 0DO+ H] [N ?9K+40 0,MOSC[ MAY BE AUTOCRATIC10 %E SAID1 0BUT ! AU?ORITIES 9 ! T[NS & VILLAGES H]E BEAT ,MOSC[4 ,!Y DO AS !Y PLEASE40 ,! PROV9CIAL (FICIALS W]E FLOTSAM WA%$ A%ORE BY ! GREAT /ORM4 ,!Y HAD NO REVOLUTION>Y PA/-!Y HAD KN[N NO SUFF]+ = !IR IDEALS4 ,!Y W]E JU/ SLAVES 9 POSITIONS ( P[]4 ,IF %E HAD NOT BE5 A ,COMMUNI/ H]SELF1 %E W\LD HAVE BE5 ELIM9AT$ LONG AGO1 BUT %E WAS DET]M9$ TO MAKE A FI<T AGA9/ ! ABUSES 9 H] DI/RICT4 ,AS TO ! S*OOLS1 !Y W]E DO+ AS BE/ !Y C\LD UND] ! CIRCUM/ANCES1 BUT ?AT WAS V]Y LITTLE4 ,!Y LACK$ EV]Y?+4 ,IT WAS NOT SO BAD 9 ! SUMM]1 BUT 9 ! W9T] ! *ILDR5 HAD TO /AY HOME BECAUSE ! CLASS ROOMS W]E NOT HEAT$4 ,WAS IT TRUE ?AT ,MOSC[ WAS PUBLI%+ GL[+ ACC\NTS ( ! GREAT R$UCTION 9 ILLIT]ACY8 ,WELL1 IT WAS C]TA9LY EXAGG]AT$4 ,9 H] VILLAGE ! PROGRESS WAS V]Y SL[4 ,%E HAD (T5 WOND]$ :E!R !RE WAS REALLY MU* TO SO-CALL$ $UCATION4 ,SUPPOS+ ! PEASANTS %\LD LE>N TO READ & WRITE4 ,W\LD ?AT MAKE !M BETT] & K9D] M58 ,IF SO1 :Y IS !RE SO MU* CRUELTY1 9JU/ICE1 & /RIFE 9 C\NTRIES :]E PEOPLE >E NOT ILLIT]ATE8 ,! ,RUSSIAN PEASANT 
CANNOT READ OR WRITE1 BUT HE HAS AN 9NATE S5SE ( RI<T & BEAUTY4 ,HE CAN DO WOND]FUL ?+S ) HIS H&S & HE IS NO MORE BRUTAL ?AN ! RE/ ( ! WORLD4 

,I WAS 9T]E/$ TO F9D SU* AN UNUSUAL VIEWPO9T 9 ONE SO Y\NG & 9 SU* AN \T-(-!-WAY PLACE4 ,! LITTLE TEA*] C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 MORE ?AN TW5TY-FIVE4 ,I 5C\RAG$ H] TO SPEAK ( H] REACTIONS TO ! G5]AL POLICIES & ME?ODS ( H] P>TY4 ,DID %E APPROVE ( !M1 DID %E ?9K !M DICTAT$ BY ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS8 ,%E WAS NOT A POLITICIAN1 %E SAID2 %E DID NOT KN[4 ,%E C\LD JUDGE ONLY BY ! RESULTS & !Y W]E F> FROM SATISFACTORY4 ,BUT %E HAD FAI? 9 ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT HAD UPROOT$ ! V]Y SOIL1 IT HAD GIV5 LIFE A NEW MEAN+4 ,EV5 ! PEASANTS W]E NOT ! SAME-NO ONE WAS ! SAME4 ,SOME?+ GREAT MU/ COME ( ALL ! CONFUSION4 

,! >RIVAL ( ! ,DOCTOR TURN$ ! CONV]SATION 9TO O!R *ANNELS4 ,:5 9=M$ ( \R ]R& HE W5T 9 SE>* ( SOME TRADESM51 BUT PRES5TLY HE RETURN$ TO SAY ?AT NO?+ C\LD BE DONE3 IT WAS ! EVE ( ,YOM ,KIPPUR1 & EV]Y ,JEW WAS 9 ! SYNAGOGUE4 ,HEA!N ?AT ,I AM1 ,I DID NOT KN[ ?AT ,I HAD COME ON ! EVE ( ?AT MO/ SOLEMN FA/ DAY4 ,AS WE C\LD NOT REMA9 ANO!R DAY1 WE DECID$ TO RETURN )\T HAV+ ACCOMPLI%$ \R PURPOSE4 

,H]E A NEW DIFFICULTY >OSE4 ,\R DRIV] W\LD NOT BUDGE UNLESS WE GOT AN >M$ GU>D TO ACCOMPANY US4 ,HE WAS AFRAID ( B&ITS3 TWO NI<TS PREVI\SLY1 HE SAID1 !Y HAD ATTACK$ TRAVEL]S 9 ! =E/4 ,IT BECAME NECESS>Y TO APPLY TO ! ,*AIRMAN ( ! ,MILITIA4 ,! LATT] WAS WILL+ TO HELP US1 BUT-ALL HIS M5 W]E 9 ! SYNAGOGUE1 PRAY+4 ,W\LD WE WAIT UNTIL ! S]VICES W]E OV]8 

,AT LA/ ! PEOPLE FIL$ \T FROM ! SYNAGOGUE & WE W]E GIV5 TWO >M$ MILITIAM54 ,IT WAS RA!R H>D ON ?OSE ,JEWI% BOYS1 = IT WAS A S9 TO RIDE ON ,YOM ,KIPPUR4 ,BUT NO 9DUCEM5T C\LD P]SUADE ! PEASANT TO V5TURE ?R\< ! WOODS )\T MILIT>Y PROTECTION4 ,LIFE IS 9DE$ A CRAZY QUILT MADE ( PAT*ES4 ,! PEASANT1 A TRUE ,UKRA9IAN1 W\LD NOT HAVE HESITAT$ A MOM5T TO BEAT & ROB ,JEWS 9 A POGROM2 YET HE FELT SECURE 9 ! PROTECTION ( ,JEWS AGA9/ ! POSSIBLE ATTACK ( HIS [N CORELIGIONI/S4 

,WE RODE 9TO ! BRI<T FALL NI<T1 ! SKY DOTT$ ) />S4 ,IT WAS SOO?+LY /ILL1 ) ALL NATURE ASLEEP4 ,! DRIV] & \R ESCORT DISCUSS$ ! B&ITS1 COMPET+ 9 BLOODCURDL+ /ORIES ( ! \TRAGES COMMITT$ BY !M4 ,AS WE REA*$ ! D>K =E/ ,I REFLECT$ ?AT !IR L\D VOICES W\LD BE ! SIGNAL ( \R APPROA* = ANY HI<WAYM5 :O MI<T BE LY+ 9 WAIT4 ,! SOLDI]S /OOD UP 9 ! WAGON1 !IR RIFLES READY = ACTION2 ! PEASANT CROSS$ HIMSELF & LA%$ ! HORSES 9TO A MAD GALLOP1 KEEP+ UP ! PACE TILL WE REA*$ ! OP5 ROAD AGA94 ,IT WAS ALL V]Y EXCIT+ BUT WE MET NO B&ITS4 ,!Y MU/ HAVE BE5 SABOTAG+ ?AT NI<T4 

,WE REA*$ ! /ATION TOO LATE TO MAKE CONNECTIONS & HAD TO WAIT UNTIL ! MORN+4 ,I SP5T ! NI<T 9 ! COMPANY ( A GIRL 9 SOLDI] UNI=M1 A ,COMMUNI/4 ,%E HAD BE5 AT EV]Y FRONT1 %E DECL>$1 & HAD F\<T MANY B&ITS4 ,%E WAS A SORT ( ,PLAYBOY ( ! ,EA/]N ,WORLD1 ROMANC+ BY ! H\R4 ,H] FAVORITE /ORIES W]E ( %OOT+4 0,A BUN* ( C\NT]REVOLUTIONI/S1 ,:ITE ,GU>DS & SPECULATORS10 %E W\LD SAY2 0!Y %\LD ALL BE %OT40 ,I ?\<T ( ! LITTLE S*OOL TEA*]1 ! LOVELY SPIRIT 9 ! VILLAGE1 GIV+ ( H]SELF 9 H>D & PA9FUL S]VICE TO ! *ILDR51 TO BEAUTY 9 LIFE2 & H]E1 H] COMRADE1 ALSO A Y\NG WOMAN1 BUT H>D5$ & CRUEL1 LACK+ ALL S5SE ( REVOLUTION>Y VALUES-BO? *ILDR5 ( ! SAME S*OOL1 YET SO UNLIKE EA* O!R4 

,9 ! MORN+ WE REJO9$ ! ,EXP$ITION 9 ,ZHM]5KA & PROCE$$ TO ,KIEV1 :]E WE >RIV$ BY ! 5D ( ,SEPTEMB]1 TO F9D ! CITY COMPLETELY *ANG$4 ,! PANIC ( ! ,TWELF? ,>MY WAS 9 ! AIR2 ! 5EMY WAS SUPPOS$ TO BE ONLY #ae V]/S .<AB\T N9ETY-N9E MILES.> AWAY & MANY ,SOVIET ,DEP>TM5TS W]E BE+ EVACUAT$1 ADD+ TO ! G5]AL UNEAS9ESS & FRI<T4 ,I VISIT$ ,WETO%K91 ! ,*AIRMAN ( ! ,REVKOM1 & HIS SECRET>Y4 ,! LATT] 9QUIR$ AB\T ,ODESSA1 ANXI\S TO KN[ H[ !Y W]E DO+ !RE1 :E!R !Y HAD SUPPRESS$ TRADE1 & H[ ! ,SOVIET ,DEP>TM5TS W]E WORK+4 ,I TOLD HIM ( ! G5]AL SABOTAGE1 ( ! SPECULATION & ! HORRORS ( ! ,T*EKA4 ,AS TO TRADE1 ! /ORES W]E CLOS$ & ALL SIGNS W]E D[N1 BUT ! M>KETS W]E DO+ BIG BUS9ESS4 0,9DE$8 ,WELL1 Y\ MU/ TELL ?IS TO ,COMRADE ,WETO%K910 ! ,SECRET>Y CRI$ GLEEFULLY4 0,:AT DO Y\ SUPPOSE-,RAKOVSKY WAS H]E & TOLD US P]FECT WOND]S AB\T ! ACCOMPLI%M5TS ( ,ODESSA4 ,HE PUT US ON ! RACK BECAUSE WE HAD NOT DONE AS MU*4 ,Y\ MU/ TELL ,WETO%K9 ALL AB\T ,ODESSA2 HE WILL 5JOY ! JOKE ON ,RAKOVSKY40 

,I MET ,WETO%K9 ON ! /AIRS AS ,I WAS LEAV+ ! (FICE4 ,HE LOOK$ ?9N] ?AN :5 ,I HAD LA/ SE5 HIM1 & V]Y WORRI$4 ,:5 ASK$ AB\T ! IMP5D+ DANG]1 HE MADE LI<T ( IT4 0,WE >E NOT GO+ TO EVACUATE10 HE SAID1 0WE REMA9 RI<T H]E4 ,IT IS ! ONLY WAY TO REASSURE ! PUBLIC40' ,HE1 TOO1 9QUIR$ AB\T ,ODESSA4 ,I PROMIS$ TO CALL AGA9 LAT]1 AS1 ,I HAD NO TIME JU/ !N1 BUT ,I DID NOT HAVE ! *ANCE TO SEE ,WETO%K9 AGA9 TO FURNI% ?AT JOKE ON ,RAKOVSKY4 ,WE LEFT ,KIEV )9 TWO DAYS4 

,AT ,BRYANSK1 AN 9DU/RIAL C5T] NOT F> AWAY FROM ,MOSC[1 WE CAME UPON L>GE PO/]S ANN\NC+ ?AT ,MAKHNO WAS AGA9 ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 & ?AT HE WAS DI/+UI%+ HIMSELF BY D>+ EXPLOITS AGA9/ ,WRANGEL4 ,IT WAS />TL+ NEWS1 9 VIEW ( ! FACT ?AT ! ,SOVIET PAP]S HAD CON/ANTLY PA9T$ ,MAKHNO AS A B&IT1 C\NT]- REVOLUTION>Y1 & TRAITOR4 ,:AT HAD HAPP5$ TO BR+ AB\T ?IS *ANGE ( ATTITUDE & TONE8 ,! ?RILL+ ADV5TURE ( HAV+ \R C> HELD UP & \RSELVES C>RI$ (F AS PRISON]S1 BY ! ,MAKHNOVTSI DID NOT COME (F4 ,BY ! TIME WE REA*$ ! DI/RICT :]E ,MAKHNO HAD BE5 OP]AT+ 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 HE WAS CUT (F FROM US4 ,IT W\LD HAVE BE5 V]Y 9T]E/+ TO MEET ! PEASANT LEAD] FACE TO FACE & HE> AT FIR/ H& :AT HE WAS AB\T4 ,HE WAS UND\BT$LY ! MO/ PICTURESQUE & VITAL FIGURE BR\<T TO ! =E BY ! ,REVOLUTION 9 ! ,S\?-& N[ HE WAS AGA9 ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,:AT HAD HAPP5$8 ,!RE WAS NO WAY ( KN[+ UNTIL WE %\LD REA* ,MOSC[4 

,FROM A COPY ( ! ,IZVE/IA ?AT FELL 9TO \R H&S 5 R\TE1 WE LE>N$ ! SAD NEWS ( ! DEA? ( ,JOHN ,RE$4 ,IT WAS A GREAT BL[ TO ?OSE ( US :O HAD KN[N ,JACK4 ,! LA/ TIME ,I SAW HIM WAS AT ! GUE/ H\SE1 ! ,HOTEL ,9T]NATIONAL1 9 ,PETROGRAD4 ,HE HAD JU/ RETURN$ FROM ,F9L&1 AFT] HIS IMPRISONM5T !RE1 & WAS ILL 9 B$4 ,I WAS 9=M$ ?AT ,JACK WAS ALONE & )\T PROP] C>E1 & ,I W5T UP TO NURSE HIM4 ,HE WAS 9 A BAD /ATE1 ALL SWOLL5 & ) A NA/Y RA% ON HIS >MS1 ! RESULT ( MALNUTRITION4 ,9 ,F9L& HE HAD BE5 F$ ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY ON DRI$ FI% & HAD BE5 O!RWISE WRET*$LY TREAT$4 ,HE WAS A V]Y SICK MAN1 BUT HIS SPIRIT REMA9$ ! SAME4 ,NO MATT] H[ RADICALLY ONE DISAGRE$ ) ,JACK1 ONE C\LD NOT HELP LOV+ HIS BIG1 G5]\S SPIRIT1 & N[ HE WAS DEAD1 HIS LIFE LAID D[N 9 ! S]VICE ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 AS HE BELIEV$4 

,>RIV+ 9 ,MOSC[ ,I IMM$IATELY W5T TO ! GUE/ H\SE1 ! ,DELOVOI ,DVOR1 :]E /AY$ ,L\ISE ,BRYANT1 ,JACK'S WIFE4 ,I F\ND H] T]RIBLY DI/RAU<T & GLAD TO SEE ONE :O HAD KN[N ,JACK SO WELL4 ,WE TALK$ ( HIM1 ( HIS ILLNESS1 HIS SUFF]+ & HIS UNTIMELY DEA?4 ,%E WAS MU* EMBITT]$ BECAUSE1 %E CLAIM$1 JACK HAD BE5 ORD]$ TO ,BAKU TO ATT5D ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,EA/]N PEOPLES :5 HE WAS ALREADY V]Y ILL4 ,HE RETURN$ A DY+ MAN4 ,BUT EV5 !N HE C\LD HAVE BE5 SAV$ HAD HE BE5 GIV5 COMPET5T M$ICAL ATT5TION4 ,HE LAY 9 HIS ROOM = A WEEK )\T ! DOCTORS MAK+ UP !IR M9D AS TO ! NATURE ( HIS ILLNESS4 ,!N IT WAS TOO LATE4 ,I C\LD WELL UND]/& ,L\ISE'S FEEL+S1 ?\< ,I WAS CONV9C$ ?AT EV]Y?+ HUMANLY POSSIBLE HAD BE5 DONE = ,RE$4 ,I KNEW ?AT :ATEV] ELSE MI<T BE SAID AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 IT C\LD NOT BE *>G$ ?AT !Y NEGLECT ?OSE :O S]VE !M4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y >E G5]\S MA/]S4 ,BUT ,L\ISE HAD LO/ :AT WAS MO/ PRECI\S TO H]4 

,DUR+ ! CONV]SATION %E ASK$ ME AB\T MY EXP]I5CES & ,I TOLD H] ( ! CONFLICT )9 ME1 ( ! DESP]ATE EF=T ,I HAD BE5 MAK+ TO F9D MY WAY \T ( ! *AOS1 & ?AT N[ ! FOG WAS LIFT+1 & ,I WAS BEG9N+ TO DIFF]5TIATE BETWE5 ! ,BOL%EVIKI & ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,EV] S9CE ,I HAD COME TO ,RUSSIA ,I HAD BEGUN TO S5SE ?AT ALL WAS NOT WELL ) ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME1 & ,I FELT AS IF CAU<T 9 A TRAP4 0,H[ UNCANNY60 ,L\ISE SUDD5LY GRIPP$ MY >M & />$ AT ME ) WILD EYES4 0',CAU<T 9 A TRAP' W]E ! V]Y WORDS ,JACK REPEAT$ 9 HIS DELIRIUM40 ,I REALIZ$ ?AT POOR ,JACK HAD ALSO BEGUN TO SEE B5EA? ! SURFACE4 ,HIS WAS ! FREE1 UNFETT]$ SPIRIT /RIV+ = ! REAL VALUES ( LIFE4 ,IT W\LD BE *AF$ :5 B\ND BY A DOGMA :I* PROCLAIM$ ITSELF IMMUTABLE4 ,HAD ,JACK LIV$ HE W\LD NO D\BT HAVE CLUNG VALIANTLY TO ! ?+ :I* HAD CAU<T HIM 9 ! TRAP4 ,BUT 9 ! FACE ( DEA? ! M9D ( MAN SOMETIMES BECOMES LUM9\S3 IT SEES 9 A FLA% :AT 9 MAN'S NORMAL CONDITION IS OBSCURE & HIDD5 FROM HIM4 ,IT WAS NOT AT ALL /RANGE TO ME ?AT ,JACK %\LD HAVE FELT AS ,I DID1 AS EV]YONE :O IS NOT A ZEALOT MU/ FEEL 9 ,RUSSIA-CAU<T 9 A TRAP4 

O ,*APT] #c 3 ,BACK 9 ,PETROGRAD 
,M,Y ,F,U,R,!,R ,D,I,S,I,L,L,U,S,I,O,N,M,5,T ,9 ,R,U,S,S,I,A 

,BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& ,COMPANY2 #aibd 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I,I,I 

,B,A,C,K ,9 ,P,E,T,R,O,G,R,A,D 

  

,! ,EXP$ITION WAS TO PROCE$ TO ,PETROGRAD ! NEXT DAY1 BUT ,L\ISE BEGG$ ME TO REMA9 = ! FUN]AL4 ,SUNDAY1 ,OCTOB] #b#cRD1 SEV]AL FRI5DS RODE ) H] TO ! ,TRADE ,UNION ,H\SE :]E ,RE$'S BODY LAY 9 /ATE4 ,I ACCOMPANI$ ,L\ISE :5 ! PROCESSION />T$ = ! ,R$ ,SQU>E4 ,!RE W]E SPEE*ES-MU* COLD /]EOTYP$ DECLAMATION AB\T ! VALUE ( ,JACK ,RE$ TO ! ,REVOLUTION& TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,IT ALL S\ND$ ME*ANICAL1 F> REMOV$ FROM ! SPIRIT ( ! DEAD MAN 9 ! FRE% GRAVE4 ,ONE SPEAK] ONLY DWELT ON ! REAL ,JACK ,RE$-,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAY4 ,%E HAD CAU<T ! >TI/'S S\L1 9F9ITELY GREAT] 9 ITS DEP? & BEAUTY ?AN ANY DOGMA4 ,%E US$ ! OCCASION TO ADMONI% H] COMRADES40,WE CALL \RSELVES ,COMMUNI/S10 %E SAID1 0BUT >E WE REALLY ?AT8 ,DO WE NOT RA!R DRAW ! LIFE ESS5CE FROM ?OSE :O COME TO US1 & :5 !Y >E NO LONG] ( USE1 WE LET !M FALL BY ! WAYSIDE1 NEGLECT$ & =GOTT58 ,\R ,COMMUNISM & \R COMRADE%IP >E DEAD LETT]S IF WE DO NOT GIVE \T ( \RSELVES TO ?OSE :O NE$ US4 ,LET US BEW>E ( SU* ,COMMUNISM4 ,IT SLAYS ! BE/ 9 \R RANKS4 ,JACK ,RE$ WAS AMONG ! BE/40 

,! S9C]E WORDS ( ,KOLLONTAY DISPLEAS$ ! HI< ,P>TY MEMB]S4 ,BUKH>9 KNITT$ HIS BR[S1 ,RE9/E9 FIDGET$ AB\T1 O!RS GRUMBL$4 ,BUT ,I WAS GLAD ( :AT ,KOLLONTAY HAD SAID4 ,NOT ONLY BECAUSE :AT %E SAID EXPRESSS$ ,JACK ,RE$ BETT] ?AN ANY?+ ELSE SAID ?AT DAY1 BUT ALSO BECAUSE IT BR\<T H] NE>] TO ME4 ,9 ,AM]ICA WE HAD REPEAT$LY TRI$ TO MEET BUT NEV] SUCCE$$ ,:5 ,I REA*$ ,MOSC[1 9 ,M>*1 #a#i#b1 ,KOLLONTAY WAS ILL4 ,I SAW H] ONLY = A LITTLE :ILE BE=E ,I RETURN$ TO ,PETROGRAD4 ,WE SPOKE ( ! ?+S ?AT W]E TR\BL+ ME4 ,DUR+ ! CONV]SATION ,KOLLONTAY REM>K$3 0,YES1 WE HAVE MANY DULL SIDES 9 ,RUSSIA40 0,DULL10 ,I QU]I$2 0NO?+ MORE80 ,I WAS UNPLEASANTLY AFFECT$ BY :AT SEEM$ TO ME A RA!R SUP]FICIAL VIEW4 ,BUT ,I REASSUR$ MYSELF ?AT ,KOLLONTAY'S 9ADEQUATE ,5GLI% CAUS$ H] TO *>ACT]IZE AS 0DULL0 :AT TO ME WAS A COMPLETE COLLAPSE ( ALL IDEALISM4 

,AMONG O!R ?+S ,KOLLONTAY HAD !N SAID WAS ?AT ,I C\LD F9D A GREAT FIELD = WORK AMONG ! WOM5 AS V]Y LITTLE HAD BE5 ATTEMPT$ UP TO ?AT TIME TO 5LI<T5 & BROAD5 !M4 ,WE P>T$ 9 A FRI5DLY MANN]1 BUT ,I DID NOT S5SE 9 H] ! SAME FEEL+ ( W>M? & DEP? ?AT ,I HAD F\ND 9 ,ANGELICA ,BALABANOVA4 ,N[ AT ! OP5 GRAVE ( ,RE$ H] WORDS BR\<T H] CLOS] TO ME4 ,%E1 TOO1 FELT DEEPLY1 ,I ?\<T4 

,L\ISE ,BRYANT HAD FALL5 9 A DEAD FA9T & WAS LY+ FACE D[NW>D ON ! DAMP E>?4 ,AFT] CONSID]ABLE EF=T WE GOT H] TO H] FEET4 ,HY/]ICAL1 %E WAS TAK5 9 ! WAIT+ AUTO TO H] HOTEL & PUT TO B$4 ,\TSIDE1 ! SKY WAS CLO!D 9 GRAY & WAS WEEP+ UPON ! FRE% GRAVE ( ,JACK ,RE$4 ,& ALL ( ,RUSSIA SEEM$ A FRE% GRAVE4 

,:ILE 9 ,MOSC[ WE F\ND ! EXPLANATION ( ! SUDD5 *ANGE ( TONE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ PRESS T[>D ,MAKHNO4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKI1 H>D PRESS$ BY ,WRANGEL1 S\<T ! AID ( ! ,UKRA9IAN POV/ANTSI >MY4 ,A POLITICO-MILIT>Y AGREEM5T WAS AB\T TO BE 5T]$ 9TO BETWE5 ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T & ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO4 ,! LATT] WAS TO COOP]ATE FULLY ) ! ,R$ ,>MY 9 ! CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y 5EMY4 ,ON !IR SIDE1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI ACCEPT$ ! FOLL[+ CONDITIONS ( ,MAKHNO3 

7#a7 ,! IMM$IATE LIB]ATION & T]M9ATION ( P]SECUTION ( ALL ,MAKHNOVTSI & ,AN>*I/S1 EXCEPT+ CASES ( >M$ REBELLION AGA9/ ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T4 

7#b7 ,FULLE/ LIB]TY ( SPEE*1 PRESS & PROPAG&A = ,MAKHNOVTSI & ,AN>*I/S1 )\T1 H[EV]1 ! RI<T ( CALL+ = >M$ UPRIS+S AGA9/ ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T1 & SUBJECT TO MILIT>Y C5SOR%IP4 

7#c7 ,FREE P>TICIPATION 9 ,SOVIET ELECTIONS2 ! RI<T ( ,MAKHNOVTSI & ,AN>*I/S TO BE C&IDATES1 & TO HOLD ! FIF? ,ALL-,UKRA9IAN ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS4 

,! AGREEM5T ALSO 9CLUD$ ! RI<T ( ! ,AN>*I/S TO CALL A CONGRESS 9 ,KH>KOV1 & PREP>ATIONS W]E BE+ MADE TO HOLD IT 9 ! MON? ( ,OCTOB]4 ,MANY ,AN>*I/S W]E GETT+ READY TO ATT5D IT & W]E ELAT$ OV] ! \TLOOK4 ,BUT MY FAI? 9 ! ,BOL%EVIKI HAD RECEIV$ TOO MANY %OCKS4 ,NOT ONLY DID ,I BELIEVE ?AT ! ,CONGRESS W\LD NOT TAKE PLACE1 BUT ,I SAW 9 IT A ,BOL%EVIK RUSE TO GA!R ALL ! ,AN>*I/S 9 ONE PLACE 9 ORD] TO DE/ROY !M4 ,YET ! FACT WAS ?AT SEV]AL ,AN>*I/S1 AMONG !M ! WELL-KN[N WRIT] & LECTUR] ,VOL91 HAD ALREADY BE5 RELEAS$ & W]E N[ FREE 9 ,MOSC[4 

,WE LEFT = ,PETROGRAD TO DELIV] TO ! ,MUSEUM ! C>LOAD ( PRECI\S MAT]IAL WE HAD GA!R$ 9 ! ,S\?4 ,MORE VALUABLE /ILL WAS ! EXP]I5CE ! MEMB]S ( ! ,EXP$ITION HAD BE5 5RI*$ ) ?R\< P]SONAL CONTACT ) PEOPLE ( V>I\S %ADES ( OP9ION1 OR ( NO OP9ION1 & ! IMPRESSIONS ( ! SOCIAL PANORAMA AS IT WAS BE+ UNROLL$ DAY BY DAY4 ,?AT WAS A TREASURE ( F> GREAT] WOR? ?AN ANY PAP] DOCUM5TS4 ,BUT BETT] 9SI<T 9TO ! SITUATION 9T5SIFI$ MY 9N] /RUGGLE4 ,I LONG$ TO CLOSE MY EYES & E>S-NOT TO SEE ! ACCUS+ H& :I* PO9T$ TO ! BL9D ]RORS & CONSCI\S CRIMES ?AT W]E /IFL+ ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,I WANT$ NOT TO HE> ! COMPELL+ VOICE ( FACTS1 :I* NO P]SONAL ATTA*M5TS C\LD SIL5CE ANY LONG]4 ,I KNEW ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION & ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 PROCLAIM$ AS ONE & ! SAME1 W]E OPPOSITES1 ANTAGONI/IC 9 AIM & PURPOSE4 ,!' ,REVOLUTION HAD ITS ROOTS DEEP D[N 9 ! LIFE ( ! PEOPLE4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE WAS BAS$ ON A S*EME =CIBLY APPLI$ BY A POLITICAL P>TY4 ,9 ! CONTE/ ! ,REVOLUTION WAS BE+ SLA91 BUT ! SLAY] ALSO WAS GASP+ = BREA?4 ,I HAD KN[N 9 ,AM]ICA ?AT ! ,9T]V5TIONI/S1 ! BLOCKADE & ! CONSPIRACY ( ! ,IMP]IALI/S W]E WRECK+ ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,BUT :AT ,I HAD NOT KN[N !N WAS ! P>T ! ,BOL%EVIKI W]E PLAY+ 9 ! PROCESS4 ,N[ ,I REALIZ$ ?AT !Y W]E ! GRAVE-DIGG]S4 

,I WAS OPPRESSIVELY CONSCI\S ( ! GREAT DEBT ,I [$ TO ! WORK]S ( ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA3 ,I %\LD TELL !M ! TRU? AB\T ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT H[ C\LD ,I SPEAK \T :5 ! C\NTRY WAS /ILL BESIEG$ ON SEV]AL FRONTS8 ,IT W\LD MEAN WORK+ 9TO ! H&S ( ,POL& & ,WRANGEL4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME 9 MY LIFE ,I REFRA9$ FROM EXPOS+ GRAVE SOCIAL EVILS4 ,I FELT AS IF ,I W]E BETRAY+ ! TRU/ ( ! MASSES1 P>TICUL>LY ( ! ,AM]ICAN WORK]S1 :OSE FAI? ,I DE>LY *]I%$4 

,>RIV$ 9 ,PETROGRAD1 ,I W5T TO LIVE TEMPOR>ILY 9 ! ,HOTEL ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,I 9T5D$ TO F9D A ROOM SOME:]E ELSE1 DET]M9$ TO ACCEPT NO PRIVILEGES AT ! H&S ( ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL WAS FILL$ ) =EIGN VISITORS4 ,MANY HAD NO IDEA ( :Y OR :]E=E !Y HAD COME4 ,!Y HAD SIMPLY FLOCK$ TO ! L& !Y BELIEV$ TO BE ! P>ADISE ( ! WORK]S4 ,I REMEMB] MY EXP]I5CE ) A C]TA9 ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 *AP4 ,HE HAD BR\<T TO ,RUSSIA A SMALL SUPPLY ( PROVISIONS1 NE$LES1 ?READ1 & O!R SIMIL> NECESSITIES4 ,HE 9SI/$ ?AT ,I LET HIM %>E ) ME4 0,BUT Y\ WILL NE$ EV]Y BIT ( IT Y\RSELF10 ,I TOLD HIM4 ,( C\RSE1 HE KNEW !RE WAS GREAT SC>CITY 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT ! PROLET>IAT WAS 9 CONTROL & AS A WORK] HE W\LD RECEIVE EV]Y?+ HE NE$$4 ,OR HE W\LD 0GET A PIECE ( L& & BUILD A HOME/EAD4 ,HE HAD BE5 FIFTE5 YE>S 9 ! ,WOBBLY MOVEM5T & HE 0DIDN'T M9D SETTL+ D[N40 ,:AT WAS !RE TO SAY TO SU* AN 9NOC5T8 ,I HAD NOT ! C\RAGE TO DISILLUSION HIM4 ,I KNEW HE W\LD LE>N SOON 5\<4 ,IT WAS PA!TIC1 ?\<1 TO SEE SU* PEOPLE FLOOD />V+ ,RUSSIA4 ,YET !Y C\LD NOT DO H] ! H>M ! O!R K9D WAS DO+-CREATURES FROM ! F\R CORN]S ( ! E>? TO :OM ! ,REVOLUTION REPRES5T$ A GOLD M9E4 ,!RE W]E MANY ( !M 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,!Y ALL CAME ) LEG5DS ( ! WOND]FUL GR[? ( ,COMMUNISM 9 ,AM]ICA1 ,IREL&1 ,*9A1 ,PALE/9E4 ,SU* /ORIES W]E BALM  
TO ! HUNGRY S\LS ( ! M5 9 P[]4 ,!Y WELCOM$ !M AS AN OLD MAID WELCOMES ! FLATT]Y ( H] FIR/ SUITOR4 ,!Y S5T !SE IMPO/ORS BACK HOME WELL PROVID$ F9ANCIALLY & EQUIPP$ TO S+ ! PRAISES ( ! ,WORK]S' & ,PEASANTS' ,REPUBLIC4 ,IT WAS BO? TRAGIC & COMIC TO OBS]VE ! BRE$ ALL 9FLAT$ ) 0IMPORTANT CONSPIRATORY MISSIONS40 

,I RECEIV$ MANY VISITORS 9 MY ROOM1 AMONG !M MY LITTLE NEI<BOR FROM ! ,A/ORIA ) H] TWO *ILDR51 A ,COMMUNI/ FROM ! ,FR5* ,SECTION1 & SEV]AL ( ! =EIGN]S4 ,MY NEI<BOR LOOK$ SICK & WORN S9CE ,I HAD SE5 H] LA/ 9 ,JUNE1#a#i#b4 
0,>E Y\ ILL80 ,I 9QUIR$ ON ONE OCCASION4 0,NOT EXACTLY1-0 %E SAID2 0,I AM HUNGRY MO/ ( ! TIME & EXHAU/$4 ,! SUMM] HAS BE5 H>D3 AS 9SPECTRESS ( *ILDR5'S HOMES ,I HAVE TO DO MU* WALK+4 ,I RETURN HOME COMPLETELY EXHAU/$4 ,MY N9EYE>-OLD GIRL GOES TO A *ILDR5'S COLONY1 BUT ,I W\LD NOT RISK S5D+ MY BABY BOY !RE BECAUSE ( HIS EXP]I5CE LA/ YE>1 :5 HE WAS SO NEGLECT$ ?AT HE NE>LY DI$4 ,I HAD TO KEEP HIM 9 ! CITY ALL SUMM]1 :I* MADE IT D\BLY H>D = ME4 ,/ILL1 IT W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 SO BAD HAD IT NOT BE5 = ! SUBOTNIKI & VOSKRESNIKI 7,COMMUNI/ ,SATURDAY & ,SUNDAY VOLUNT>Y WORK-DAYS74 ,!Y DRA9 MY 5]GIES COMPLETELY4 ,Y\ KN[ H[ !Y BEGAN-LIKE A PICNIC1 ) TRUMPETS & S++1 M>*+ & FE/IVITIES4 ,WE ALL FELT 9SPIR$1 ESPECIALLY :5 WE SAW \R LEAD+ COMRADES TAKE PICK & %OVEL & PIT* 94 ,BUT ?AT IS ALL A MATT] ( ! PA/4 ,! SUBOTNIKI HAVE BECOME GRAY & SPIRITLESS1 B5EA? AN OBLIGATION IMPOS$ )\T REG>D  
TO 9CL9ATION1 PHYSICAL FITNESS1 OR ! AM\NT ( O!R WORK ONE HAS TO DO4 ,NO?+ EV] SUCCE$S 9 \R POOR ,RUSSIA4 ,IF ,I C\LD ONLY GET \T TO ,SW$51 ,G]MANY1 ANY:]E1 F> AWAY FROM IT ALL40 ,POOR LITTLE WOMAN1 %E WAS NOT ! ONLY ONE :O WANT$ TO =SAKE ! C\NTRY4 ,IT WAS !IR LOVE = ,RUSSIA & !IR BITT] DISAPPO9TM5T :I* MADE MO/ PEOPLE ANXI\S TO RUN AWAY4 

,SEV]AL O!R ,COMMUNI/S ,I KNEW 9 ,PETROGRAD W]E EV5 MORE EMBITT]$4 ,:5EV] !Y CALL$ ON ME !Y W\LD REPEAT !IR DET]M9ATION TO GET \T ( ! ,P>TY4 ,!Y W]E SUFFOCAT+-!Y SAID-9 ! ATMOSPH]E ( 9TRIGUE1 BL9D HATR$1 & S5SELESS P]SECUTION4 ,BUT IT REQUIRES CONSID]ABLE WILL P[] TO LEAVE ! ,P>TY :I* ABSOLUTELY CONTROLS ! DE/9Y ( MORE ?AN A HUNDR$ MILLION PEOPLE1 & MY ,COMMUNI/ VISITORS LACK$ ! /R5G?4 ,BUT ?AT DID NOT LESS5 !IR MIS]Y1 :I* AFFECT$ EV5 !IR PHYSICAL CONDITION1 AL?\< !Y RECEIV$ ! BE/ RATIONS & !Y HAD !IR MEALS AT ! EXCLUSIVE ,SMOLNY D9+ ROOM4 ,I REMEMB] MY SURPRISE ON FIR/ F9D+ ?AT !RE W]E TWO SEP>ATE RE/AURANTS 9 ,SMOLNY1 ONE :]E :OLESOME & SUFFICI5T FOOD WAS S]V$ TO ! IMPORTANT MEMB]S ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET & ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 :ILE ! O!R WAS = ! ORD9>Y EMPLOYES ( ! ,P>TY4 ,AT ONE TIME !RE HAD EV5 BE5 ?REE RE/AURANTS4 ,SOMEH[ ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS LE>N$ ( IT4 ,!Y CAME D[N 9 A BODY & CLOS$ TWO ( ! EAT+ PLACES4 0,WE MADE ! ,REVOLUTION ?AT ALL %\LD %>E ALIKE10 !Y SAID4 ,ONLY ONE RE/AURANT FUNCTION$ = A TIME BUT LAT] ! SECOND WAS OP5$4 ,BUT EV5 9 ! LATT] ! MEALS W]E F> SUP]IOR TO ! ,SOVIETSKY D9+ ROOMS = ! 0COMMON PEOPLE40 

,SOME ( ! ,COMMUNI/S OBJECT$ TO ! DISCRIM9ATION4 ,!Y SAW ! BLUND]S1 ! 9TRIGUES1 ! DE/RUCTION ( LIFE PRACTIC$ 9 ! NAME ( ,COMMUNISM1 BUT !Y HAD NOT ! /R5G? & C\RAGE TO PROTE/ OR TO DISASSOCIATE !MSELVES FROM ! ,P>TY RESPONSIBLE = ! 9JU/ICE & BRUTALITY4 ,!Y W\LD (T5 UNBURD5 !MSELVES TO ME ( ! MATT]S !Y D>$ NOT DISCUSS 9 !IR [N CIRCLES4 ,?US ,I CAME TO KN[ MANY ?+S AB\T ! 9N] WORK+S ( ! ,P>TY & ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL ?AT W]E C>EFULLY HIDD5 FROM ! \TSIDE WORLD4 ,AMONG !M WAS ! /ORY ( ! ALLEG$ ,F9NI% ,:ITE CONSPIRACY1 :I* RESULT$ 9 ! KILL+ 9 ,PETROGRAD ( SEV5 LEAD+ ,F9NI% ,COMMUNI/S4 ,I HAD READ AB\T IT  
9 ! ,SOVIET PAP]S :ILE ,I WAS 9 ! ,UKRA9A4 ,I REMEMB] MY FEEL+ ( R5EW$ IMPATI5CE ) MYSELF ?AT ,I %\LD BE CRITICAL ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME AT A TIME :5 C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y CONSPIRACIES W]E /ILL SO ACTIVE4 ,BUT FROM MY ,COMMUNI/ VISITORS ,I LE>N$ ?AT ! PUBLI%$ REPORT WAS FALSE FROM BEG9N+ TO 5D4 ,IT WAS NO ,:ITE CONSPIRACY BUT A FI<T BETWE5 TWO GR\PS ( ,BOL%EVIKI3 ! MOD]ATE ,F9NI% ,COMMUNI/S 9 CONTROL ( ! PROPAG&A C>RI$ ON FROM ,PETROGRAD1 & ! ,LEFT ,W+ WORK+ 9 ,F9L&4 ,! ,MOD]ATES W]E ,Z9OVIEV ADH]5TS & HAD BE5 PUT 9 *>GE ( ! WORK BY HIM4 ,! ,LEFTS HAD REPEAT$LY COMPLA9$ TO ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL AB\T ! CONS]VATISM & COMPROMISES ( !IR COMRADES 9 ,PETROGRAD & ! H>M !Y W]E DO+ TO ! MOVEM5T 9 ,F9L&4 ,!Y ASK$ ?AT !SE M5 BE REMOV$4 ,!Y W]E IGNOR$4 ,ON ! #c#a/ ( ,AUGU/1 #a#i#b1 ! ,LEFTS CAME TO ,PETROGRAD & PROCE$$ TO ! HEADQU>T]S ( ! ,MOD]ATES4 ,AT ! SESSION ( ! LATT] !Y DEM&$ ?AT ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE RESIGN & TURN OV] ALL BOOKS & ACC\NTS TO !M4 ,!IR DEM& REFUS$1 ! Y\NG ,F9NI% ,COMMUNI/S OP5$ FIRE1 KILL+ SEV5 ( !IR COMRADES4 ,! AFFAIR WAS H]ALD$ TO ! WORLD AS A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y CONSPIRACY ( ,:ITE ,F9NS4 

,! ?IRD ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION WAS CELEBRAT$ ,NOVEMB] #g? 7,OCTOB] #b#e? OLD /YLE71 ON ! ,URITSKY ,SQU>E4 ,I HAD SE5 SO MANY (FICIAL DEMON/RATIONS ?AT !Y HAD LO/ 9T]E/ = ME4 ,/ILL ,I W5T TO ! ,SQU>E HOP+ ?AT A NEW NOTE MI<T BE S\ND$4 ,IT PROV$ A REHA% ( ! ?+ -,I HAD HE>D OV] & OV] AGA94 ,! PAGEANT ESPECIALLY WAS A DEMON/RATION ( ,COMMUNI/ POV]TY 9 IDEAS4 ,K]5SKY & HIS CAB9ET1 ,T*]NOV & ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 & ! /ORM+ ( ! ,W9T] ,PALACE AGA9 S]V$ AS PUPPETS TO BR+ \T 9 /RONG RELIEF ! ROLE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI AS 0SAVIORS ( ! ,REVOLUTION40 ,IT WAS BADLY PLAY$ & POORLY /AG$1 & FELL FLAT4 ,TO ME ! CELEBRATION WAS MORE LIKE ! FUN]AL ?AN ! BIR? ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,!RE WAS MU* EXCITEM5T 9 ,PETROGRAD ALL ?R\< ! MON? ( ,NOVEMB]4 ,NUM]\S RUMORS W]E AFLOAT AB\T /RIKES1 >RE/S1 & DA%ES BETWE5 WORK]S & SOLDI]Y4 ,IT WAS DIFFICULT TO GET AT ! FACTS4 ,BUT ! EXTRAORD9>Y SESSION CALL$ BY ! ,P>TY 9 ! ,FIR/ ,H\SE ( ! ,SOVIET 9DICAT$ A S]I\S SITUATION4 ,9 ! E>LY P>T ( ! AFT]NOON ! :OLE SQU>E 9 FRONT ( ! ,A/ORIA WAS L9$ ) AUTOS ( ! 9FLU5TIAL ,COMMUNI/S :O HAD BE5 SUMMON$ TO ATT5D ! SPECIAL CONF]5CE4 ,! FOLL[+ MORN+ WE LE>N$ ?AT 9 OB$I5CE TO ! ,MOSC[ DECREE ! ,PETROGRAD SESSION HAD DECID$ TO MOBILIZE A NUMB] ( IMPORTANT ,BOL%EVIK WORK]S = ! FACTORIES & %OPS4 ,?REE HUNDR$ ,P>TY MEMB]S1 SOME ( !M HI< GOV]NM5T (FICIALS & O!RS HOLD+ RESPONSIBLE POSITIONS 9 ! ,PETRO-,SOVIET1 W]E IMM$IATELY ORD]$ TO WORK1 TO PROVE TO ! PROLET>IAT ?AT ,RUSSIA WAS 9DE$ A ,WORK]S' ,GOV]NM5T4 ,! PLAN WAS EXPECT$ TO ALLAY ! GR[+ DISCONT5T ( ! PROLET>IANS & TO C\NT]ACT ! 9FLU5CE ( ! O!R POLITICAL P>TIES AMONG !M4 ,ZOR9 WAS ONE ( ! ?REE HUNDR$4 

,H[EV]1 ! TOIL]S W\LD NOT BE DECEIV$ BY ?IS MOVE4 ,!Y KNEW ?AT MO/ ( ! MOBILIZ$ M5 CONT9U$ TO LIVE 9 ! ,A/ORIA & CAME TO WORK 9 !IR AUTOS4 ,!Y SAW !M W>MLY DRESS$ & WELL %OD1 :ILE !Y !MSELVES W]E ALMO/ NAK$ & LIV+ 9 SQUALID QU>T]S )\T LI<T OR HEAT4 ,! WORK]S RES5T$ ! PRET5SE4 ,! MATT] BECAME A SUBJECT ( DISCUSSION 9 ! %OPS1 & MANY UNPLEASANT SC5ES FOLL[$4 ,ONE WOMAN1 A PROM95T ,COMMUNI/1 WAS SO TORM5T$ 9 ! FACTORY ?AT %E W5T 9TO HY/]ICS & HAD TO BE TAK5 AWAY4 ,SOME ( ! MOBILIZ$ ,BOL%EVIKI1 AMONG !M ,ZOR9 & O!RS1 W]E S9C]E 5\<1 BUT !Y HAD GR[N AWAY FROM ! TOIL]S & C\LD NOT /& ! H>D%IPS ( FACTORY LIFE4 ,AFT] A FEW WEEKS ,ZOR9 COLLAPS$ & HAD TO BE REMOV$ TO A PLACE ( RE/4 ,?\< HE WAS G5]ALLY LIK$1 HIS COLLAPSE WAS 9T]PRET$ BY ! WORK]S AS A RUSE TO GET AWAY FROM ! MIS]Y ( ! PROLET>IAN'S EXI/5CE4 ,! BREA* BETWE5 ! MASSES & ! NEW ,BOL%EVIK BUREAUCRACY HAD GR[N TOO WIDE4 ,IT C\LD NOT BE BRIDG$4 

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,ON ,NOVEMB] #b#h? ! ,EXP$ITION AGA9 GOT UND] WAY1 ?IS TIME ) ?REE MEMB]S ONLY3 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN1 ! ,SECRET>Y1 & MYSELF4 ,WE TRAVEL$ BY WAY ( ,MOSC[ TO ,>*ANGEL1 ) /OPS 9 ,VOLOGDA & ,Y>OSLAVL4 ,VOLOGDAHAD BE5 ! SEAT ( V>I\S =EIGN EMBASSIES1 UN(FICIALLY 5GAG$ 9 AID+ ! 5EMIES ( ! ,REVOLUTION2 ,WE EXPECT$ TO F9D HI/ORIC MAT]IAL !RE1 BUT WE W]E 9=M$ ?AT MO/ ( IT HAD BE5 DE/ROY$ OR O!RWISE WA/$4 ,! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS W]E UN9T]E/+3 IT WAS A PLODD+1 SLEEPY PROV9CIAL T[N4 ,9 ,Y>OSLAVL1 :]E ! SO- CALL$ ,SAV9KOV UPRIS+ HAD TAK5 PLACE TWO YE>S PREVI\SLY1 NO SIGNIFICANT DATA W]E F\ND4 

,WE CONT9U$ TO ,>*ANGEL4 ,! /ORIES WE HAD HE>D ( ! FROZ5 ,NOR? MADE US RA!R APPREH5SIVE4 ,BUT1 MU* TO \R RELIEF1 WE F\ND ?AT CITY NO COLD] ?AN ,PETROGRAD1 & MU* DRI]4 

,! ,*AIRMAN ( ! ,>*ANGEL ,ISPOLKOM WAS PLEASANT TYPE ( ,COMMUNI/1 NOT AT ALL (FICI\S OR /]N4 ,AS SOON AS WE HAD /AT$ \R MISSION HE SET ! TELEPHONE GO+4 ,EV]Y TIME HE REA*$ SOME (FICIAL ON ! WIRE HE W\LD ADDRESS HIM AS 0DE> TOV>I%T*10 & 9=M HIM ?AT 0DE> TOV>I%T*I FROM ! ,C5T]0 HAD >RIV$ & MU/ BE GIV5 EV]Y ASSI/ANCE4 ,HE ?\<T ?AT \R /AY W\LD BE PR(ITABLE BECAUSE MANY IMPORTANT DOCUM5TS HAD REMA9$ AFT] ! ,ALLIES HAD )DRAWN4 ,!RE W]E FILES ( OLD NEWSPAP]S PUBLI%$ BY ! ,T*AIKOVSKY ,GOV]NM5T & PHOTOGRAPHS ( ! BRUTALITIES P]PETRAT$ UPON ! ,COMMUNI/S BY ! ,:ITES4 ,! ,*AIRMAN HIMSELF HAD LO/ HIS :OLE FAMILY1 9CLUD+ HIS TWELVE-YE>- OLD SI/]4 ,AS HE HAD TO LEAVE ! NEXT DAY TO ATT5D ! ,CONF]5CE ( ,SOVIETS 9 ,MOSC[1 HE PROMIS$ TO ISSUE AN ORD] GIV+ US ACCESS TO ! >*IVES4 

,LEAV+ ! ,ISPOLKOM TO BEG9 \R R\NDS1 WE W]E SURPRIS$ BY ?REE SLEI<S WAIT+ = US1 ?ANKS TO ! ?\<TFULNESS ( ! ,*AIRMAN4 ,TUCK$ UP UND] FUR COV]S & ) BELLS T9KL+1 EA* MEMB] ( ! ,EXP$ITION />T$ 9 A DIFF]5T DIRECTION TO COV] ! DEP>TM5TS ASSIGN$ TO HIM4 ,! ,>*ANGEL ,SOVIET (FICIALS APPE>$ TO HAVE GREAT RESPECT = ! 0,C5T]02 ! WORD ACT$ LIKE MAGIC1 OP5+ EV]Y DOOR4 

,! HEAD ( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,$UCATION WAS A HOSPITABLE & K9DLY MAN4 ,AFT] EXPLA9+ TO ME 9 DETAIL ! WORK DONE 9 HIS 9/ITUTION HE CALL$ TO HIS (FICE A NUMB] ( EMPLOYES1 9=M$ !M ( ! PURPOSE ( ! ,EXP$ITION & ASK$ !M TO PREP>E ! MAT]IAL !Y C\LD GA!R = ! ,MUSEUM4 ,AMONG ?OSE ,SOVIET WORK]S WAS A NUN1 A PLEASANT-FAC$ Y\NG WOMAN4 ,:AT A /RANGE ?+1 ,I ?\<T1 TO F9D A NUN 9 A ,SOVIET (FICE6 ,! ,*AIRMAN NOTIC$ MY SURPRISE4 ,HE HAD QUITE A NUMB] ( NUNS 9 HIS DEP>TM5T1 HE SAID4 ,:5 ! MONA/]IES HAD BE5 NATIONALIZ$ ! POOR WOM5 HAD NO PLACE TO GO4 ,HE CONCEIV$ ! IDEA ( GIV+ !M A *ANCE TO DO USEFUL WORK 9 ! NEW WORLD4 ,HE HAD F\ND NO CAUSE TO REGRET HIS ACTION3 HE DID NOT CONV]T ! NUNS TO ,COMMUNISM1 BUT !Y BECAME V]Y FAI?FUL & 9DU/RI\S WORK]S1 & ! Y\NG] ONES HAD EV5 EXP&$ A LITTLE4 ,HE 9VIT$ ME TO VISIT ! LITTLE >T /UDIO :]E SEV]AL NUNS W]E EMPLOY$4 

,! /UDIO WAS A RA!R UNUSUAL PLACE-NOT SO MU* BECAUSE ( ITS >TI/IC VALUE AS ON ACC\NT ( ! PEOPLE :O WORK$ !RE2 TWO OLD NUNS :O HAD SP5T =TY & TW5TY-FIVE YE>S1 RESPECTIVELY1 9 MONA/]IES2 A Y\NG ,:ITE (FIC]1 & AN ELD]LY WORK+MAN4 ,! LA/ TWO HAD BE5 >RE/$ AS C\NT]- REVOLUTIONI/S & W]E CONDEMN$ TO DEA?1 BUT ! ,*AIRMAN RESCU$ !M 9 ORD] TO PUT !M TO USEFUL WORK4 ,HE WANT$ TO GIVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO ?OSE :O ?R\< IGNORANCE OR ACCID5T W]E ! 5EMIES ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,A REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD1 HE REM>K$1 NECESSITAT$ /]N MEASURES1 EV5 VIOL5CE2 BUT O!R ME?ODS %\LD BE TRI$ FIR/4 ,HE HAD MANY 9 HIS DEP>TM5T :O HAD BE5 CONSID]$ C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y1 BUT N[ !Y W]E ALL DO+ GOOD WORK4 ,IT WAS ! MO/ EXTRAORD9>Y ?+ ,I HAD HE>D FROM A ,COMMUNI/4 0,>5'T Y\ CONSID]$ A S5TIM5TAL B\RGEOIS80 ,I ASK$4 0,YES1 9DE$10 HE REPLI$ SMIL+LY1 0BUT ?AT IS NO?+4 ,! MA9 ?+ IS ?AT ,I HAVE BE5 ABLE TO PROVE ?AT MY S5TIM5TALISM WORKS1 AS Y\ CAN SEE = Y\RSELF40 

,! C>P5T] WAS ! >TI/ ( ! /UDIO4 ,HE HAD NEV] BE5 TAU<T1 BUT HE DID BEAUTIFUL C>V+ & WAS A MA/] 9 EV]Y K9D ( WOOD WORK4 ,! NUNS MADE COLOR DRAW+S ( FL[]S & VEGETABLES1 :I* W]E US$ = DEMON/RATION BY LECTUR]S 9 ! VILLAGES4 ,!Y ALSO PA9T$ PO/]S1 MA9LY = ! *ILDR5'S FE/IVALS4 

,I VISIT$ ! /UDIO SEV]AL TIMES ALONE SO ?AT ,I MI<T SPEAK FREELY TO ! C>P5T] & ! NUNS4 ,!Y HAD LITTLE UND]/&+ ( ! ELEM5TAL FACTS ?AT HAD PULL$ !M \T ( !IR MOOR+S4 ,! C>P5T] LAM5T$ ?AT TIMES W]E H>D BECAUSE HE WAS NOT P]MITT$ TO SELL HIS H&IWORK4 0 ,I US$ TO E>N A GOOD BIT ( MONEY1 BUT N[ ,I H>DLY GET 5\< TO EAT10 HE W\LD SAY4 ,! SI/]S DID NOT COMPLA92 !Y ACCEPT$ !IR FATE AS ! WILL ( ,GOD4 ,YET !RE WAS A *ANGE EV5 9 !M4 ,9/EAD ( BE+ %UT AWAY 9 A NUNN]Y !Y W]E BR\<T 9 T\* ) REAL LIFE1 & !Y HAD BECOME MORE HUMAN4 ,!IR EXPRESSION WAS LESS =BIDD+1 !IR WORK %[$ SIGNS ( K9%IP ) ! WORLD >\ND !M4 ,I NOTIC$ IT P>TICUL>LY 9 !IR DRAW+S ( *ILDR5 & *ILDR5'S GAMES4 ,!RE WAS A T5D]NESS AB\T !M ?AT SPOKE ( ! LONG-SUPPRESS$ MO!R 9/9CT /RUGGL+ = EXPRESSION4 ,! =M] ,:ITE (FIC] WAS ! MO/ 9TELLIG5T ( ! F\R-HE HAD GONE ?R\< ,LIFE'S CRUCIBLE4 ,HE HAD LE>N$ ! FOLLY & CRIME ( 9T]V5TION1 HE SAID1 & W\LD NEV] L5D HIS AID TO IT AGA94 ,:AT HAD CONV9C$ HIM8 ,! 9T]V5TIONI/S !MSELVES4 ,!Y HAD BE5 9 ,>*ANGEL & !Y C>RI$ ON AS IF !Y [N$ ! CITY4 ,! ,ALLIES HAD PROMIS$ MU*1 BUT !Y HAD DONE NO?+ EXCEPT 5RI* A FEW P]SONS :O SPECULAT$ 9 ! SUPPLIES 9T5D$ TO B5EFIT ! POPULATION4 ,EV]YONE GRADUALLY TURN$ AGA9/ ! 9T]V5TIONI/S4 ,I WOND]$ H[ MANY ( ! C\NTLESS ONES %OT AS C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S W\LD HAVE BE5 WON OV] TO ! NEW REGIME & W\LD N[ BE DO+ USEFUL WORK IF SOMEBODY HAD SAV$ !IR LIVES4 

,I HAD SE5 SO MANY %[ S*OOLS ?AT ,I DECID$ TO SAY NO?+ AB\T VISIT+ $UCATIONAL 9/ITUTIONS UNTIL SOME UNEXPECT$ MOM5T :5 ONE C\LD TAKE !M BY SURPRISE4 ,= \R FIR/ ,SATURDAY 9 ,>*ANGEL A SPECIAL P]=MANCE ( ,LEONID ,&REYEV'S PLAY1 0,SAVVA10 HAD BE5 >RANG$4 ,= A PROV9CIAL !AT]1 CONSID]+ ALSO ! LACK ( PREP>ATION1 ! DRAMA WAS FAIRLY WELL DONE4 

,AFT] ! P]=MANCE ,I TOLD ! ,*AIRMAN ( ! ,DEP>TM5T1 ,X---1 ?AT ,I W\LD LIKE TO VISIT HIS S*OOLS E>LY NEXT MORN+4 ,)\T HESITATION HE CONS5T$ & EV5 (F]$ TO CALL = ! O!R MEMB]S ( ! ,EXP$ITION4 ,WE VISIT$ SEV]AL S*OOLS & 9 PO9T ( CLEANL9ESS1 COM=T1 & G5]AL *E]FULNESS1 ,I F\ND !M A REVELATION4 ,IT WAS ALSO BEAUTIFUL TO SEE ! FOND RELATION%IP ?AT EXI/$ BETWE5 ! *ILDR5 & ,X---4 ,!IR JOY WAS SPONTANE\S & FRANK 
 AT ! SI<T ( HIM4 ,! MOM5T HE APPE>$ !Y W\LD ?R[ !MSELVES UPON HIM1 %\T+ ) DELI<T2 !Y CLIMB$ ON HIM & CLUNG TO HIS NECK4 ,& HE8 ,NEV] ONCE DID ,I SEE SU* A PICTURE 9 ANY S*OOL 9 ,PETROGRAD OR ,MOSC[4 ,HE ?REW HIMSELF ON ! FLOOR1 ! *ILDR5 AB\T HIM1 & PLAY$ & FROLICK$ ) !M AS IF !Y W]E HIS [N4 ,HE WAS ONE ( !M2 !Y KNEW IT1 & !Y FELT AT HOME ) HIM4 

,SIMIL> BEAUTIFUL RELATION%IPS ,I F\ND 9 EV]Y S*OOL & *ILDR5'S HOME WE VISIT$4 ,! *ILDR5 W]E RADIANT :5 ,X--- APPE>$4 ,!Y W]E ! FIR/ HAPPY *ILDR5 ,I HAD SE5 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,IT /R5G!N$ MY CONVICTION ( ! SIGNIFICANCE ( P]SONALITY & ! IMPORTANCE ( MUTUAL CONFID5CE & LOVE BETWE5 TEA*] & PUPIL4 ,WE VISIT$ A NUMB] ( S*OOLS ?AT DAY4 ,NO:]E DID ,I F9D ANY DISCRIM9ATION2 EV]Y:]E ! *ILDR5 HAD SPACI\S DORMITORIES1 SPOTLESSLY CLEAN ROOMS & B$S1 GOOD FOOD & CLO!S4 ,! ATMOSPH]E ( ! S*OOLS WAS W>M & 9TIMATE4 

,WE F\ND 9 ,>*ANGEL MANY HI/ORIC DOCUM5TS1 9CLUD+ ! CORRESPOND5CE BETWE5 ,T*AIKOVSKY1 ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T1 & ,G5]AL ,MILL]1 ! REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,ALLIES4 ,IT WAS PA!TIC TO READ ! PLEAD+1 ALMO/ CR++ WORDS ( ! OLD PIONE] ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! F\ND] ( ! ,T*AIKOVSKY CIRCLES1 ! MAN ,I HAD KN[N = YE>S1 BY :OM ,I HAD BE5 9SPIR$4 ,! LETT]S EXPOS$ ! WEAKNESS ( ! ,T*AIKOVSKY REGIME & ! >BITR>Y RULE ( ! ,ALLI$ TROOPS4 ,P>TICUL>LY SIGNIFICANT WAS ! F>EWELL MESSAGE ( A SAILOR AB\T TO BE EXECUT$ BY ! ,:ITES4 ,HE DESCRIB$ HIS >RE/ & CROSS-EXAM9ATION & ! FI5DI% ?IRD DEGREE APPLI$ BY AN ,5GLI% >MY (FIC] AT ! PO9T ( A GUN4 ,AMONG ! MAT]IAL COLLECT$ BY US W]E ALSO COPIES ( V>I\S REVOLUTION>Y & ,AN>*I/ PUBLICATIONS ISSU$ SUB ROSA4 ,FROM ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,$UCATION WE RECEIV$ MANY 9T]E/+ PO/]S & DRAW+S1 AS WELL AS PAMPHLETS & BOOKS1 & A COLLECTION ( SPECIM5S ( ! *ILDR5'S WORK4 ,AMONG !M WAS A VELVET TABLE COV] PA9T$ BY ! NUNS & PORTRAY+ ,>*ANGEL *ILDR5 9 GAY COLORS1 PRES5T$ AS !IR GREET+ TO ! *ILDR5 ( ,AM]ICA4 

,! S*OOLS & ! SPL5DID MAN AT !IR HEAD W]E NOT ! ONLY NOTEWOR?Y FEATURES ( ,>*ANGEL4 ,! O!R ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS ALSO PROV$ EFFICI5T4 ,!RE WAS NO SABOTAGE1 ! V>I\S BUREAUS WORK$ 9 GOOD ORD]1 & ! G5]AL SPIRIT WAS S9C]E & PROGRESSIVE4 

,! FOOD DI/RIBUTION WAS ESPECIALLY WELL ORGANIZ$4 ,UNLIKE MO/ O!R PLACES1 !RE WAS NO LOSS ( TIME OR WA/E ( 5]GY CONNECT$ ) PROCUR+ ONE'S RATIONS4 ,YET ,>*ANGEL WAS NOT P>TICUL>LY WELL SUPPLI$ ) PROVISIONS4 ,ONE C\LD NOT HELP ?9K+ ( ! GREAT CONTRA/ 9 ?IS REG>D BETWE5 ?AT CITY & ,MOSC[4 ,>*ANGEL PROBABLY LE>N$ A LESSON 9 ORGANIZATION FROM CONTACT ) ,AM]ICANS- ! LA/ ?+ ! ,ALLIES 9T5D$4 

,! ,>*ANGEL VISIT WAS SO 9T]E/+ & PR(ITABLE ?AT ! ,EXP$ITION DELAY$ ITS DEP>TURE1 & WE REMA9$ MU* LONG] ?AN ORIG9ALLY PLANN$4 ,BE=E LEAV+1 ,I CALL$ ON ,X---4 ,IF ANY?+ C\LD BE S5T HIM FROM 0! ,C5T]10 :AT W\LD HE LIKE MO/1 ,I ASK$4 0,PA9TS & CANVAS = \R LITTLE /UDIO10 HE REPLI$4 0,SEE ,LUNA*>SKY & GET HIM TO S5D US SOME40 ,SPL5DID1 GRACI\S P]SONALITY6 

,WE LEFT ,>*ANGEL = ,MURMANSK1 BUT WE HAD NOT GONE F> :5 WE W]E OV]TAK5 BY A HEAVY SN[/ORM4 ,WE W]E 9=M$ ?AT WE C\LD NOT REA* ,MURMANSK 9 LESS ?AN A =TNI<T1 A J\RNEY :I* UND] NORMAL CONDITIONS REQUIR$ ?REE DAYS4 ,!RE WAS ALSO DANG] ( NOT BE+ ABLE TO RETURN TO ,PETROGRAD ON TIME1 ! SN[ (T5 BLOCK+ ! ROADS = WEEKS4 ,WE !RE=E DECID$ TO TURN BACK TO ,PETROGRAD4 ,:5 WE CAME )9 SEV5TY-FIVE V]/S .<AB\T FIFTY MILES.> ( ?AT CITY WE RAN 9TO A BLIZZ>D4 ,IT W\LD TAKE DAYS BE=E ! TRACK W\LD BE CLE>$ SUFFICI5TLY TO 5ABLE US TO PROCE$4 ,NOT *E]FUL NEWS1 BUT =TUNATELY WE W]E SUPPLI$ ) FUEL & 5\< PROVISIONS = SOME TIME4 

,IT WAS ! 5D ( ,DECEMB]1 & WE CELEBRAT$ ,*RI/MAS ,EVE 9 \R C>4 ,! NI<T WAS GLORI\S1 ! SKY BRILLIANT ) />S1 ! E>? CLAD 9 :ITE4 ,A SMALL P9E TREE1 >TFULLY DECORAT$ BY ! ,SECRET>Y & 5?RON$ 9 \R D9]1 GRAC$ ! OCCASION4 ,! GL[ ( ! LITTLE WAX C&LES L5T A T\* ( ROMANCE TO ! SC5E4 ,GIFTS = \R FELL[ TRAVEL]S CAME ALL ! WAY FROM ,AM]ICA2 !Y HAD BE5 GIV5 US BY FRI5DS 9 ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#a#i1 :5 WE W]E ON ,ELLIS ,ISL& AWAIT+ DEPORTATION4 ,A YE> HAD PASS$ S9CE !N1 AN EXCRUCIAT+ YE>4 

,>RIV+ 9 ,PETROGRAD WE F\ND ! CITY AGITAT$ BY ! HEAT$ DISCUSSION ( ! ROLE ( ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,CONDITIONS 9 ! LATT] HAD RESULT$ 9 SO MU* DISCONT5T AMONG ! RANK & FILE ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WAS AT LA/ =C$ TO TAKE UP ! ISSUE4 ,ALREADY 9 ,OCTOB] ! TRADE UNION QUE/ION HAD BE5 BR\<T UP AT ! SESSIONS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,! DISCUSSIONS CONT9U$ ALL ?R\< ,NOVEMB] & ,DECEMB]1 REA*+ !IR CLIMAX AT ! ,EI<? ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,CONGRESS ( ! ,SOVIETS4 ,ALL ! LEAD+ ,COMMUNI/S P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! GREAT V]BAL CONTE/ :I* WAS TO DECIDE ! FATE ( ! LABOR ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! !SES DISCUSS$ DISCLOS$ F\R DIFF]5T VIEWS4 ,FIR/1 ?AT ( ! ,L59-,Z9OVIEV FACTION1 :I* HELD ?AT ! MA9 0FUNCTION ( ! TRADE UNIONS UND] ! PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP IS TO S]VE AS S*OOLS ( ,COMMUNISM40 ,SECOND1 ! GR\P REPRES5T$ BY ! OLD ,COMMUNI/ ,RYASANOV1 :I* 9SI/$ ?AT ! TRADE UNIONS MU/ FUNCTION AS ! =UM ( ! WORK]S & !IR ECONOMIC PROTECTOR4 ,TROTSKY L$ ! ?IRD FACTION4 ,HE BELIEV$ ?AT ! TRADE UNIONS W\LD 9 ! C\RSE ( TIME BECOME ! MANAG]S & CONTROLL]S ( ! 9DU/RIES1 BUT = ! PRES5T ! UNIONS MU/ BE SUBJECT TO /RICT MILIT>Y DISCIPL9E & BE MADE 5TIRELY SUBS]VI5T TO ! NE$S ( ! ,/ATE4 ,! F\R? & MO/ IMPORTANT T5D5CY WAS ?AT ( ! ,LABOR ,OPPOSITION1 HEAD$ BY ,MADAME ,KOLLONTAY & ,S*LIAPNIKOV1 :O EXPRESS$ ! S5TIM5T ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES & HAD !IR SUPPORT4 ,?IS OPPOSITION >GU$ ?AT ! GOV]NM5TAL ATTITUDE T[>D ! TRADE UNIONS HAD DE/ROY$ ! 9T]E/ ( ! TOIL]S 9 ECONOMIC RECON/RUCTION ( ! C\NTRY & P>ALYZ$ !IR PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY4 ,!Y EMPHASIZ$ ?AT ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION HAD BE5 F\<T TO PUT ! PROLET>IAT 9 CONTROL ( ! 9DU/RIAL LIFE ( ! C\NTRY4 ,!Y DEM&$ ! LIB]ATION ( ! MASSES FROM ! YOKE ( ! BUREAUCRATIC ,/ATE & ITS CORRUPT (FICIALDOM & OPPORTUNITY = ! EX]CISE ( ! CREATIVE 5]GIES ( ! WORK]S4 ,! ,LABOR ,OPPOSITION VOIC$ ! DISCONT5T & ASPIRATIONS ( ! RANK & FILE4 

,IT WAS A BATTLE ROYAL1 ) ,TROTSKY & ,Z9OVIEV *AS+ EA* O!R OV] ! C\NTRY 9 SEP>ATE SPECIAL TRA9S1 TO DISPROVE EA* O!R'S CONT5TIONS4 ,9 ,PETROGRAD1 = 9/ANCE1 ,Z9OVIEV^*S 9FLU5CE WAS SO P[]FUL ?AT IT REQUIR$ A BIG /RUGGLE BE=E ,TROTSKY RECEIV$ P]MISSION TO ADDRESS ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LOCAL ON HIS VIEWS 9 ! CONTROV]SY4 ,! LATT] 5G5D]$ 9T5SE FEEL+ & = A TIME ?REAT5$ TO DISRUPT ! ,P>TY4 

,AT ! ,CONGRESS1 ,L59 D5\NC$ ! ,LABOR ,OPPOSITION AS 0 AN>*O-SYNDICALI/1 MIDDLE-CLASS IDEOLOGY0 & ADVOCAT$ ITS 5TIRE SUPPRESSION4 ,S*LIAPNIKOV1 ONE ( ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL LEAD]S ( ! ,OPPOSITION1 WAS REF]R$ TO BY ,L59 AS A 0PEEV$ ,COMMISS>0 & WAS SUBSEQU5TLY SIL5C$ BY BE+ MADE A MEMB] ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,MADAME ,KOLLONTAY WAS TOLD TO HOLD H] TONGUE OR GET \T ( ! ,P>TY2 H] PAMPHLET SETT+ =? ! VIEWS ( ! ,OPPOSITION WAS SUPPRESS$4 ,SOME ( ! LESS] LI<TS ( ! ,LABOR ,OPPOSITION W]E GIV5 A VACATION 9 ! ,T*EKA1 & EV5 ,RYASANOV1 AN OLD & TRI$ ,COMMUNI/1 WAS SUPPRESS$ = SIX MON?S FROM ALL UNION ACTIVITIES4 

,SOON AFT] \R >RIVAL 9 ,PETROGRAD WE W]E 9=M$ BY ! ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,MUSEUM ?AT A NEW 9/ITUTION KN[N AS ! ,ISP>T HAD BE5 =M$ 9 ,MOSC[ TO COLLECT MAT]IAL AB\T ! HI/ORY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,?IS ORGANIZATION ALSO PROPOS$ TO SUP]VISE ALL FUTURE EXP$ITIONS ( ! ,MUSEUM ( ! ,REVOLUTION & TO PLACE !M UND] ! DIRECTION ( A POLITICAL ,COMMISS>4 ,IT BECAME NECESS>Y TO GO TO ,MOSC[ TO ASC]TA9 ! FACTS 9 ! CASE4 ,WE HAD SE5 TOO MANY EVILS RESULT+ FROM ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! POLITICAL ,COMMISS>1 ! EV]-PRES5T ESPIONAGE & CURTAILM5T ( 9DEP5D5T EF=T4 ,WE C\LD NOT CONS5T TO ! *ANGE :I* WAS AB\T TO BE MADE 9 ! *>ACT] ( \R EXP$ITION4 

O ,*APT] #e 3 ,DEA? & ,FUN]AL ( ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 
,M,Y ,F,U,R,!,R ,D,I,S,I,L,L,U,S,I,O,N,M,5,T ,9 ,R,U,S,S,I,A 

  

,BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& ,COMPANY2 #aibd 

,*,A,P,T,] ,V 

,D,E,A,? ,& ,F,U,N,],A,L ,( ,P,E,T,] ,K,R,O,P,O,T,K,9 

,:5 ,I REA*$ ,MOSC[ 9 ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#b#a1 ,I LE>N$ ?AT ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 HAD BE5 /RICK5 ) PNEUMONIA4 ,I IMM$IATELY (F]$ TO NURSE HIM1 BUT AS ONE NURSE WAS ALREADY 9 ATT5DANCE & ! ,KROPOTK9 COTTAGE WAS TOO SMALL TO ACCOMMODATE EXTRA VISITORS1 IT WAS AGRE$ ?AT ,SA%A ,KROPOTK91 :O WAS !N 9 ,MOSC[1 %\LD GO TO ,DMITROV TO F9D \T :E!R ,I WAS NE$$4 ,I HAD PREVI\SLY >RANG$ TO LEAVE = ,PETROGRAD ! NEXT DAY4 ,TILL ! MOM5T ( DEP>TURE ,I WAIT$ = A CALL FROM ! VILLAGE2 NONE COM+1 ,I CONCLUD$ ?AT ,KROPOTK9 WAS IMPROV+4 ,TWO DAYS LAT]1 9 ,PETROGRAD1 ,I WAS 9=M$ BY ,RAVIT* ?AT ,KROPOTK9 HAD GR[N WORSE & ?AT ,I WAS ASK$ TO COME TO ,MOSC[ AT ONCE4 ,I LEFT IMM$IATELY1 BUT UN=TUNATELY MY TRA9 WAS T5 H\RS OV]DUE1 SO ?AT ,I REA*$ ,MOSC[ TOO LATE TO CONNECT ) ,DMITROV4 ,!RE W]E AT ! TIME NO MORN+ TRA9S TO ! VILLAGE & IT WAS NOT TILL ! EVE ( ,FEBRU>Y #g? ?AT ,I WAS AT LA/ SEAT$ 9 A TRA9 B\ND OR ! PLACE4 ,!N ! 5G9E W5T (F = FUEL & DID NOT RETURN UNTIL #a ,A4 ,M4 ( ! NEXT DAY4 ,:5 ,I F9ALLY >RIV$ AT ! ,KROPOTK9 COTTAGE1 ON ,FEBRU>Y #h?1 ,I LE>N$ ! T]RIBLE NEWS ?AT ,PET] HAD DI$ AB\T AN H\R BE=E4 ,HE HAD REPEAT$LY CALL$ = ME1 BUT ,I WAS NOT !RE TO R5D] ! LA/ S]VICE TO MY BELOV$ TEA*] & COMRADE1 ONE ( ! WORLD'S GREATE/ & NOBLE/ SPIRITS4 ,IT HAD NOT BE5 GIV5 TO ME TO BE NE> HIM 9 HIS LA/ H\RS4 ,I W\LD AT LEA/ REMA9 UNTIL HE WAS C>RI$ TO HIS F9AL RE/+ PLACE4 

,TWO ?+S HAD P>TICUL>LY IMPRESS$ ME ON MY TWO PREVI\S VISITS TO ,KROPOTK93 HIS LACK ( BITT]NESS T[>D ! ,BOLSKEVIKI1 & ! FACT ?AT HE NEV] ONCE ALLUD$ TO HIS [N H>D%IPS & PRIVATIONS4 ,IT WAS ONLY N[1 :ILE ! FAMILY WAS PREP>+ = ! FUN]AL1 ?AT ,I LE>N$ SOME DETAILS ( HIS LIFE UND] ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME4 ,9 ! E>LY P>T ( #aiah ,KROPOTK9 HAD GR\P$ >\ND HIM SOME ( ! ABLE/ SPECIALI/S 9 POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,HIS PURPOSE WAS TO MAKE A C>EFUL /UDY ( ! RES\RCES ( ,RUSSIA1 TO COMPILE1 !SE 9 MONOGRAPHS & TO TURN !M TO PRACTICAL ACC\NT 9 ! 9DU/RIAL RECON/RUCTION ( ! C\NTRY4 ,KROPOTK9 WAS ! $ITOR-9-*IEF ( ! UND]TAK+4 ,ONE VOLUME WAS PREP>$1 BUT NEV] PUBLI%$4 ,! ,F$]ALI/ ,LEAGUE1 AS ?IS SCI5TIFIC GR\P WAS KN[N1 WAS DISSOLV$ BY ! ,GOV]NM5T & ALL ! MAT]IAL CONFISCAT$4 

,ON TWO OCCASIONS W]E ! ,KROPOTK9 AP>TM5TS 9 ,MOSC[ REQUISITION$ & ! FAMILY =C$ TO SEEK O!R QU>T]S4 ,IT WAS AFT] !SE EXP]I5CES ?AT ! ,KROPOTK9S MOV$ TO ,DMITROV1 :]E OLD ,PET] BECAME AN 9VOLUNT>Y EXILE4 ,KROPOTK91 9 :OSE HOME 9 ! PA/ HAD GA!R$ FROM EV]Y L& ALL ?AT WAS BE/ 9 ?\<T & IDEAS1 WAS N[ =C$ TO LEAD ! LIFE ( A RECLUSE4 ,HIS ONLY VISITORS W]E PEASANTS & WORK]S ( ! VILLAGE & SOME MEMB]S ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA1 :OSE WONT IT WAS TO COME TO HIM ) !IR TR\BLES & MIS=TUNES4 ,HE HAD ALWAYS KEPT 9 T\* ) ! WORLD ?R\< NUM]\S PUBLICATIONS1 BUT 9 ,DMITROV HE HAD NO ACCESS TO !SE S\RCES4 ,HIS ONLY *ANNELS ( 9=MATION N[ W]E ! TWO GOV]NM5T PAP]S1 ,PRAVDA & ,IZVE/IA4 ,HE WAS ALSO GREATLY H&ICAPP$ 9 HIS WORK ON ! NEW ,E?ICS :ILE HE LIV$ 9 ! VILLAGE4 ,HE WAS M5TALLY />V$1 :I* TO HIM WAS GREAT] TORTURE ?AN PHYSICAL MALNUTRITION4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT HE WAS GIV5 A BETT] PAYCK ?AN ! AV]AGE P]SON1  BUT EV5 ?AT WAS 9SUFFICI5T TO SU/A9 HIS WAN+ /R5G?4 ,=TUNATELY HE OCCASIONALLY RECEIV$ FROM V>I\S S\RCES ASSI/ANCE 9 ! =M ( PROVISIONS4 ,HIS COMRADES FROM ABROAD1 AS WELL AS ! ,AN>*I/S ( ! ,UKRA9A1 (T5 S5T HIM FOOD PACKAGES4 ,ONCE HE RECEIV$ SOME GIFTS FROM ,MAKHNO1 AT ?AT TIME H]ALD$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI AS ! T]ROR ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION 9 ,S\!RN ,RUSSIA4 ,ESPECIALLY DID ! ,KROPOTK9S FEEL ! LACK ( LI<T4 ,:5 ,I VISIT$ !M 9 #aib !Y W]E CONSID]+ !MSELVES =TUNATE TO BE ABLE TO HAVE EV5 ONE ROOM LIT4 ,MO/ ( ! TIME ,KROPOTK9 WORK$ BY ! FLICK] ( A T9Y OIL LAMP ?AT NE>LY DROVE HIM BL9D4 ,DUR+ ! %ORT H\RS ( ! DAY HE W\LD TRANSCRIBE HIS NOTES ON A TYPEWRIT]1 SL[LY & PA9FULLY P\ND+ \T EV]Y LETT]4 

,H[EV]1 IT WAS NOT HIS [N DISCOM=T :I* SAPP$ HIS /R5G?4 ,IT WAS ! ?\<T ( ! ,REVOLUTION ?AT HAD FAIL$4 ! H>D%IPS ( ,RUSSIA1 ! P]SECUTIONS1 ! 5DLESS RAZTRELS1 :I* MADE ! LA/ TWO YE>S ( HIS LIFE A DEEP TRAG$Y4 ,ON TWO OCCASIONS HE ATTEMPT$ TO BR+ ! RUL]S ( ,RUSSIA TO !IR S5SES3 ONCE 9 PROTE/ AGA9/ ! SUPPRESSION ( ALL NON-,COMMUNI/ PUBLICATIONS2 ! O!R TIME AGA9/ ! B>B>IC PRACTICE ( TAK+ HO/AGES4 ,EV] S9CE ! ,T*EKA HAD BEGUN ITS ACTIVITIES1 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,GOV]NM5T HAD SANCTION$ ! TAK+ ( HO/AGES4 ,OLD & Y\NG1 MO!RS1 FA!RS1 SI/]S1 BRO!RS1 EV5 *ILDR51 W]E KEPT AS HO/AGES = ! ALLEG$ (F5SE ( ONE ( !IR K91 ( :I* !Y (T5 KNEW NO?+4 ,KROPOTK9 REG>D$ SU* ME?ODS AS 9EXCUSABLE UND] ANY CIRCUM/ANCES4 

,9 ! FALL ( #a#i#b1 MEMB]S ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTIONI/ ,P>TY ?AT HAD SUCCE$$ 9 GETT+ ABROAD ?REAT5$ RETALIATION IF ,COMMUNI/ P]SECUTION ( !IR COMRADES CONT9U$4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK ,GOV]NM5T ANN\NC$ 9 ITS (FICIAL PRESS ?AT = EV]Y ,COMMUNI/ VICTIM IT W\LD EXECUTE T5 ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTIONI/S4 ,IT WAS !N ?AT ! FAM\S REVOLUTIONI/ ,V]A ,FIGN] & ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 S5T !IR PROTE/ TO ! P[]S ?AT BE 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,!Y PO9T$ \T ?AT SU* PRACTICES W]E ! WOR/ BLOT ON ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & AN EVIL ?AT HAD ALREADY BR\<T T]RIBLE RESULTS 9 ITS WAKE3 HI/ORY W\LD NEV] =GIVE SU* ME?ODS4 

,! O!R PROTE/ WAS MADE 9 REPLY TO ! PLAN ( ! ,GOV]NM5T TO 0LIQUIDATE0 ALL PRIVATE PUBLI%+ E/ABLI%M5TS1 9CLUD+ EV5 ?OSE ( ! COOP]ATIVES4 ,! PROTE/ WAS ADDRESS$ TO ! ,PRESIDIUM ( ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS1 !N 9 SESSION4 ,IT IS 9T]E/+ TO NOTE ?AT ,GORKI1 HIMSELF AN (FICIAL ( ! ,COMMISS>IAT ( ,$UCATION1 HAD S5T A SIMIL> PROTE/4 ,9 ?IS /ATEM5T.- ,KROPOTK9 CALL$ ATT5TION TO ! DANG] ( SU* A POLICY TO ALL PROGRESS1 9 FACT1 TO ALL ?\<T1 & EMPHASIZ$ ?AT SU* ,/ATE MONOPOLY W\LD MAKE CREATIVE WORK UTT]LY IMPOSSIBLE4 ,BUT ! PROTE/S HAD NO EFFECT4 ,!REAFT] ,KROPOTK9 FELT ?AT IT WAS USELESS TO APPEAL TO A GOV]NM5T GONE MAD ) P[]4 

,DUR+ ! TWO DAYS ,I SP5T 9 ! ,KROPOTK9 H\SEHOLD ,I LE>N$ MORE ( HIS P]SONAL LIFE ?AN DUR+ ALL ! YE>S ?AT ,I HAD KN[N HIM4 ,EV5 HIS CLOSE/ FRI5DS W]E NOT AW>E ?AT ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 WAS AN >TI/ & A MUSICIAN ( MU* TAL5T4 ,AMONG HIS EFFECTS ,I DISCOV]$ A COLLECTION ( DRAW+S ( GREAT M]IT4 ,HE LOV$ MUSIC PASSIONATELY & WAS HIMSELF A MUSICIAN ( UNUSUAL ABILITY4 ,MU* ( HIS LEISURE HE SP5T AT ! PIANO4 

,& N[ HE LAY ON HIS C\*1 9 ! LITTLE WORKROOM1 AS IF PEACEFULLY ASLEEP1 HIS FACE AS K9DLY 9 DEA? AS IT HAD BE5 9 LIFE4 ,?\S&S ( PEOPLE MADE PILGRIMAGES TO ! ,KROPOTK9 COTTAGE TO PAY HOMAGE TO ?IS GREAT SON ( ,RUSSIA4 ,:5 HIS REMA9S W]E C>RI$ TO ! /ATION TO BE TAK5 TO ,MOSC[1 ! :OLE POPULATION ( ! VILLAGE ATT5D$ ! IMPRESSIVE FUN]AL PROCESSION TO EXPRESS !IR LA/ AFFECTIONATE GREET+ TO ! MAN :O HAD LIV$ AMONG !M AS !IR FRI5D & COMRADE4 

,! FRI5DS & COMRADES ( ,KROPOTK9 DECID$ ?AT ! ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS %\LD HAVE EXCLUSIVE *>GE ( ! FUN]AL1 & A ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 ,FUN]AL ,COMMISSION WAS =M$ 9 ,MOSC[1 CONSI/+ ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ! V>I\S ,AN>*I/ GR\PS4 ,! ,COMMITTEE WIR$ ,L591 ASK+ HIM TO ORD] ! RELEASE ( ALL ,AN>*I/S IMPRISON$ 9 ! CAPITAL 9 ORD] TO GIVE !M ! OPPORTUNITY TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! FUN]AL4 

,[+ TO ! NATIONALIZATION ( ALL PUBLIC CONVEYANCES1 PR9T+ E/ABLI%M5TS1 ETC41 ! ,AN>*I/ ,FUN]AL ,COMMISSION WAS COMPELL$ TO ASK ! ,MOSC[ ,SOVIET TO 5ABLE IT TO C>RY \T SUCCESSFULLY ! FUN]AL PROGRAM4 ,! ,AN>*I/S BE+ DEPRIV$ ( !IR [N PRESS1 ! ,COMMISSION HAD TO APPLY TO ! AU?ORITIES = ! PUBLICATION ( ! MATT] NECESS>Y 9 CONNECTION ) ! FUN]AL >RANGEM5TS4 ,AFT] CONSID]ABLE DISCUSSION P]MISSION WAS SECUR$ TO PR9T TWO LEAFLETS & TO ISSUE A F\R-PAGE BULLET9 9 COMMEMORATION ( ,PET] ,KROPOTK94 ,! ,COMMISSION REQUE/$ ?AT ! PAP] BE ISSU$ )\T C5SOR%IP & /AT$ ?AT ! READ+ MATT] W\LD CONSI/ ( APPRECIATIONS ( \R DEAD COMRADE1 EXCLUSIVE ( ALL POLEMICAL QUE/IONS4 ,?IS REQUE/ WAS CATEGORICALLY REFUS$4 ,HAV+ NO *OICE1 ! ,COMMISSION WAS =C$ TO SUBMIT & ! MANUSCRIPTS W]E S5T 9 = C5SOR%IP4 ,TO =E/ALL ! POSSIBILITY ( REMA9+ )\T ANY MEMORIAL ISSUE BECAUSE ( ! DELAY+ TACTICS ( ! ,GOV]NM5T1 ! ,FUN]AL ,COMMISSION RESOLV$ TO OP51 ON ITS [N RESPONSIBILITY1 A C]TA9 ,AN>*I/ PR9T+ (FICE ?AT HAD BE5 SEAL$ BY ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,! BULLET9 & ! TWO LEAFLETS W]E PR9T$ 9 ?AT E/ABLI%M5T4 

,9 ANSW] TO ! WIRE S5T TO ,L59 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,EXECUTIVE ( ! ,SOVIETS RESOLV$ 0TO PROPOSE TO ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,COMMISS9 7,VEH-,T*EKA7TO RELEASE1 ACCORD+ TO ITS JUDGM5T1 ! IMPRISON$ ,AN>*I/S = P>TICIPATION 9 ! FUN]AL ( ,PET] ,A4 ,KROPOTK940 ,! DELEGATES S5T TO ! ,T*EKA W]E ASK$ :E!R ! ,FUN]AL ,COMMISSION W\LD GU>ANTEE ! RETURN ( ! PRISON]S4 ,!Y REPLI$ ?AT ! QUE/ION HAD NOT BE5 DISCUSS$4 ,! ,T*EKA !REUPON REFUS$ TO RELEASE ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,! ,FUN]AL ,COMMISSION1 9=M$ ( ! NEW DEVELOPM5T 9 !  SITUATION1 IMM$IATELY GU>ANTE$ ! RETURN ( ! PRISON]S AFT] ! FUN]AL4 ,!REUPON ! ,T*EKA REPLI$ ?AT 0!RE >E NO ,AN>*I/S 9 PRISON :O1 9 ! JUDGM5T ( ! ,*AIRMAN ( ! ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,COMMISSION1 C\LD BE RELEAS$ = ! FUN]AL40 

,! REMA9S ( ! DEAD LAY 9 /ATE 9 ! ,HALL ( ,COLUMNS 9 ! ,MOSC[ ,LABOR ,TEMPLE4 ,ON ! MORN+ ( ! FUN]AL ! ,KROPOTK9 ,FUN]AL ,COMMISSION DECID$ TO 9=M ! ASSEMBL$ PEOPLE ( ! BREA* ( FAI? ON ! P>T ( ! AU?ORITIES & DEMON/RATIVELY TO )DRAW FROM ! ,TEMPLE ALL ! WREA?S PRES5T$ BY (FICIAL ,COMMUNI/ BODIES4 ,FE>+ PUBLIC EXPOSURE1 ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,MOSC[ ,SOVIET DEF9ITELY PROMIS$ ?AT ALL ! ,AN>*I/S IMPRISON$ 9 ,MOSC[ W\LD IMM$IATELY BE RELEAS$ TO ATT5D ! FUN]AL4 ,BUT ?IS PROMISE WAS ALSO BROK51 ONLY SEV5 ( ! ,AN>*I/S BE+ RELEAS$ FROM ! 09N] JAIL0 ( ! ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,COMMISSION4 ,NONE ( ! ,AN>*I/S IMPRISON$ 9 ! ,BUTYRKI ATT5D$ ! FUN]AL4 ,! (FICIAL EXPLANATION WAS ?AT ! TW5TY ,AN>*I/S 9C>C]AT$ 9 ?AT PRISON REFUS$ TO ACCEPT ! (F] ( ! AU?ORITIES4 ,LAT] ,I VISIT$ ! PRISON]S TO ASC]TA9 ! FACTS 9 ! CASE4 ,!Y 9=M$ ME ?AT A  REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,COMMISSION 9SI/$ ON 9DIVIDUAL ATT5DANCE1 MAK+ EXCEPTIONS 9 SOME CASES4 ,! ,AN>*I/S1 AW>E ?AT ! PROMISE ( TEMPOR>Y RELEASE WAS COLLECTIVE1 DEM&$ ?AT ! /IPULATIONS BE KEPT4 ,! ,T*EKA REPRES5TATIVE W5T TO ! TELEPHONE TO CONSULT ! HI<] AU?ORITIES1 SO HE SAID4 ,HE DID NOT RETURN4 

,! FUN]AL WAS A MO/ IMPRESSIVE SI<T4 ,IT WAS A UNIQUE DEMON/RATION NEV] WITNESS$ 9 ANY O!R C\NTRY4 ,LONG L9ES ( MEMB]S ( ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS1 LABOR UNIONS1 SCI5TIFIC & LIT]>Y SOCIETIES & /UD5T BODIES M>*$ = OV] TWO H\RS FROM ! ,LABOR ,TEMPLE TO ! BURIAL PLACE1 SEV5 V]/S .<NE>LY FIVE MILES.> DI/ANT4 ,! PROCESSION WAS HEAD$ BY /UD5TS & *ILDR5 C>RY+ WREA?S PRES5T$ BY V>I\S ORGANIZATIONS4 ,AN>*I/ BANN]S ( BLACK & SC>LET ,SOCIALI/ EMBLEMS FLOAT$ ABOVE ! MULTITUDE4 ,! MILE-LONG PROCESSION 5TIRELY DISP5S$ ) ! S]VICES ( ! (FICIAL GU>DIANS ( ! PEACE4 ,P]FECT ORD] WAS KEPT BY ! MULTITUDE ITSELF SPONTANE\SLY =M+ 9 SEV]AL R[S1 :ILE /UD5TS & WORK]S ORGANIZ$ A LIVE *A9 ON BO? SIDES ( ! M>*]S4 ,PASS+ ! ,TOL/OY ,MUSEUM ! CORTEGE PAUS$1 & ! BANN]S W]E L[]$ 9 HONOR ( !  MEMORY ( ANO!R GREAT SON ( ,RUSSIA4 ,A GR\P ( ,TOL/OIANS ON ! /EPS ( ! ,MUSEUM R5D]$ ,*OP9'S ,FUN]AL ,M>* AS AN EXPRESSION ( !IR LOVE & REV]5CE = ,KROPOTK94 

,! BRILLIANT W9T] SUN WAS S9K+ BEH9D ! HORIZON :5 ! REMA9S ( ,KROPOTK9 W]E L[]$ 9TO ! GRAVE1 AFT] SPEAK]S ( MANY POLITICAL T5D5CIES HAD PAID ! LA/ TRIBUTE TO !IR GREAT TEA*] & COMRADE4 

O ,*APT] #f 3 ,KRON/ADT 
,M,Y ,F,U,R,!,R ,D,I,S,I,L,L,U,S,I,O,N,M,5,T ,9 ,R,U,S,S,I,A 

,BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& ,COMPANY2 #aibd 

,*,A,P,T,] ,V,I 

,K,R,O,N,/,A,D,T 

,9 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#b#a1 ! WORK]S ( SEV]AL ,PETROGRAD FACTORIES W5T ON /RIKE4 ,! W9T] WAS AN EXCEPTIONALLY H>D ONE1 & ! PEOPLE ( ! CAPITAL SUFF]$ 9T5SELY FROM COLD1 HUNG]1 & EXHAU/ION4 ,!Y ASK$ AN 9CREASE ( !IR FOOD RATIONS1 SOME FUEL & CLO?+4 ,! COMPLA9TS ( ! /RIK]S1 IGNOR$ BY ! AU?ORITIES1 PRES5TLY ASSUM$ A POLITICAL *>ACT]4 ,H]E & !RE WAS ALSO VOIC$ A DEM& = ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY & FREE TRADE4 ,! ATTEMPT$ /REET DEMON/RATION ( ! /RIK]S WAS SUPPRESS$1 ! ,GOV]NM5T HAV+ ORD]$ \T ! MILIT>Y KURSANTI4 ,LISA ,ZOR91 :O ( ALL ! ,COMMUNI/S ,I HAD MET REMA9$ CLOSE/ TO ! PEOPLE1 WAS PRES5T AT ! BREAK+ UP ( ! DEMON/RATION4 ,ONE WOMAN BECAME SO 5RAG$ OV] ! BRUTALITY ( ! MILIT>Y ?AT %E ATTACK$ ,LISA4 ,! LATT]1 TRUE TO H] PROLET>IAN 9/9CTS1 SAV$ ! WOMAN FROM >RE/ & ACCOMPANI$ H] HOME4  ,!RE %E F\ND ! MO/ APPALL+ CONDITIONS4 ,9 A D>K & DAMP ROOM !RE LIV$ A WORK]'S FAMILY ) ITS SIX *ILDR51 HALF-NAK$ 9 ! BITT] COLD4 ,SUBSEQU5TLY ,LISA SAID TO ME3 0,I FELT SICK TO ?9K ?AT ,I WAS 9 ! ,A/ORIA40 ,LAT] %E MOV$ \T4 

,:5 ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS LE>N$ :AT WAS HAPP5+ 9 ,PETROGRAD !Y EXPRESS$ !IR SOLID>ITY ) ! /RIK]S 9 !IR ECONOMIC & REVOLUTION>Y DEM&S1 BUT REFUS$ TO SUPPORT ANY CALL = ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY4 ,ON ,M>* #a/1 ! SAILORS ORGANIZ$ A MASS MEET+ 9 ,KRON/ADT1 :I* WAS ATT5D$ ALSO BY ! ,*AIRMAN ( ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,C5TRAL ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE1 ,KAL99 7! PRESID+ (FIC] ( ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,RUSSIA71 ! ,COMM&] ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,=TRESS1 ,KUZM91 & ! ,*AIRMAN ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,SOVIET1 ,VASSILIEV4 ,! MEET+1 HELD ) ! KN[L$GE ( ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,SOVIET1 PASS$ A RESOLUTION APPROV$ BY ! SAILORS1 ! G>RISON1 & ! CITIZ5S' MEET+ ( #a#f1 P]SONS4 ,KAL991 ,KUZM91 & ,VASSILIEV SPOKE AGA9/ ! RESOLUTION1 :I* LAT] BECAME ! BASIS ( ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ,KRON/ADT & ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,IT VOIC$ ! POPUL> DEM& = ,SOVIETS ELECT$ BY ! FREE *OICE ( !1 PEOPLE4 ,IT IS WOR?  
REPRODUC+ ?AT DOCUM5T 9 FULL1 ?AT ! READ] MAY BE 5ABL$ TO JUDGE ! TRUE *>ACT] ( ! ,KRON/ADT DEM&S4 ,! ,RESOLUTION READ3 

,HAV+ BE>D ! ,REPORT ( ! ,REPRES5TATIVES S5T BY ! ,G5]AL ,MEET+ ( ,%IP ,CREWS TO ,PETROGRAD TO 9VE/IGATE ! SITUATION !RE1 ,RESOLV$3 

7#a7 ,9 VIEW ( ! FACT ?AT ! PRES5T ,SOVIETS DO NOT EXPRESS ! WILL ( ! WORK]S & ! PEASANTS1 IMM$IATELY TO HOLD NEW ELECTIONS BY SECRET BALLOT1 ! PREELECTION CAMPAIGN TO HAVE FULL FRE$OM ( AGITATION AMONG ! WORK]S & PEASANTS2 

7#b7 ,TO E/ABLI% FRE$OM ( SPEE* & PRESS = WORK]S & PEASANTS1 = ,AN>*I/S & LEFT ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES2 

7#c7 ,TO SECURE FRE$OM ( ASSEMBLY = LABOR UNIONS & PEASANT ORGANIZATIONS2 

7#d7 ,TO CALL A NONP>TIZAN ,CONF]5CE ( ! WORK]S1 ,R$ ,>MY SOLDI]S & SAILORS ( ,PETROGRAD1 ,KRON/ADT1 & ( ,PETROGRAD ,PROV9CE1 NO LAT] ?AN ,M>* #a1 #a#i#b#a2 

7#e7 ,TO LIB]ATE ALL POLITICAL PRISON]S ( ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES1 AS WELL AS ALL WORK]S1 PEASANTS1 SOLDI]S1 & SAILORS IMPRISON$ 9 CONNECTION ) ! LABOR & PEASANT MOVEM5TS2 

7#f7 ,TO ELECT A ,COMMISSION TO REVIEW ! CASES ( ?OSE HELD 9 PRISONS & CONC5TRATION CAMPS2 

7#g7 ,TO ABOLI% ALL POLITOTDELI#a BECAUSE NO P>TY %\LD BE GIV5 SPECIAL PRIVILEGES 9 ! PROPAGATION ( ITS IDEAS OR RECEIVE ! F9ANCIAL SUPPORT ( ! ,GOV]NM5T = SU* PURPOSES1 ,9/EAD !RE %\LD BE E/ABLI%$ $UCATIONAL & CULTURAL COMMISSIONS1 LOCALLY ELECT$ & F9ANC$ BY ! ,GOV]NM5T4 

7#h7 ,TO ABOLI% IMM$IATELY ALL ZAGRYADITELNIYE OTRYADI2 #b 

7#i7 ,TO EQUALIZE ! RATIONS ( ALL :O WORK1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( ?OSE EMPLOY$ 9 TRADES DETRIM5TAL TO HEAL?2 

7#a7 ,TO ABOLI% ! ,COMMUNI/ FI<T+ DETA*M5TS 9 ALL BRAN*ES ( ! ,>MY1 AS WELL AS ! ,COMMUNI/ GU>DS KEPT ON DUTY 9 MILLS & FACTORIES4 ,%\LD SU* GU>DS OR MILIT>Y DETA*M5TS BE F\ND NECESS>Y1 !Y >E TO BE APPO9T$ 9 ! ,>MY FROM ! RANKS1 & 9 ! FACTORIES ACCORD+ TO ! JUDGM5T ( ! WORK]S2 

7#a#a7 ,TO GIVE ! PEASANTS FULL FRE$OM ( ACTION 9 REG>D TO !IR L&1 & ALSO ! RI<T TO KEEP CATTLE1 ON CONDITION ?AT ! PEASANTS MANAGE ) !IR [N MEANS2 ?AT IS1 )\T EMPLOY+ HIR$ LABOR2 

7#a#b7 ,TO REQUE/ ALL BRAN*ES ( ! ,>MY1 AS WELL AS \R COMRADES ! MILIT>Y KURSANTI1 TO CONCUR 9 \R RESOLUTIONS2 

7#a#c7 ,TO DEM& ?AT ! PRESS GIVE ! FULLE/ PUBLICITY TO \R RESOLUTIONS2 

7#a#d7 ,TO APPO9T A ,TRAVEL+ ,COMMISSION ( ,CONTROL2 

7#a#e7 ,TO P]MIT FREE KU/>NOYE#c PRODUCTION BY ONE'S [N EF=TS4 

,ON ,M>* #d? ! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET WAS TO MEET & IT WAS G5]ALLY FELT ?AT ! FATE ( ,KRON/ADT W\LD BE DECID$ !N4 ,TROTSKY WAS TO ADDRESS ! GA!R+1 & AS ,I HAD NOT YET HAD AN OPPORTUNITY TO HE> HIM 9 ,RUSSIA1 ,I WAS ANXI\S TO ATT5D4 ,MY ATTITUDE 9 ! MATT] ( ,KRON/ADT WAS /ILL UNDECID$4 ,I C\LD NOT BELIEVE ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI W\LD DELIB]ATELY FABRICATE ! /ORY AB\T ,G5]AL ,KOZLOVSKY AS ! LEAD] ( ! SAILORS4 ,! ,SOVIET MEET+1 ,I EXPECT$1 W\LD CL>IFY ! MATT]4 

,TAURIDE ,PALACE WAS CR[D$ & A SPECIAL BODY ( KURSANTI SURR\ND$ ! PLAT=M4 ,! ATMOSPH]E WAS V]Y T5SE4 ,ALL WAIT$ = ,TROTSKY4 ,BUT :5 AT #a O'CLOCK HE HAD NOT >RIV$1 ,Z9OVIEV OP5$ ! MEET+4 ,BE=E HE HAD SPOK5 FIFTE5 M9UTES ,I WAS CONV9C$ ?AT HE HIMSELF DID NOT BELIEVE 9 ! /ORY ( ,KOZLOVSKY4 0,( C\RSE ,KOZLOVSKY IS OLD & CAN DO NO?+10 HE SAID1 0BUT ! ,:ITE (FIC]S >E BACK ( HIM & >E MISLEAD+ ! SAILORS40 ,YET = DAYS ! ,SOVIET PAP]S HAD H]ALD$ ,G5]AL ,KOZLOVSKY AS ! MOV+ SPIRIT 9 ! 0UPRIS+40 ,KAL991 :OM ! SAILORS HAD P]MITT$ TO LEAVE ,KRON/ADT UNMOLE/$1 RAV$ LIKE A FI%MONG]4 ,HE D5\NC$ ! SAILORS AS C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S & CALL$ = !IR IMM$IATE SUBJUGATION4 ,SEV]AL O!R ,COMMUNI/S FOLL[$ SUIT4 ,:5 ! MEET+ WAS OP5$ = DISCUSSION1 A WORK+MAN FROM ! ,PETROGRAD ,>S5AL DEM&$ TO BE HE>D4 ,HE SPOKE ) DEEP EMOTION &1 IGNOR+ ! CON/ANT 9T]RUPTIONS1 HE FE>LESSLY DECL>$ ?AT ! WORK]S HAD BE5 DRIV5 TO /RIKE BECAUSE ( ! ,GOV]NM5T'S 9DIFF]5CE TO !IR COMPLA9TS2 ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS1 F> FROM BE+ C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S1 W]E DEVOT$ TO ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,FAC+ ,Z9OVIEV HE REM9D$ HIM ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITIES W]E N[ ACT+ T[>D ! WORK]S & SAILORS JU/ AS ! ,K]5SKY ,GOV]NM5T HAD ACT$ T[>D ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 0,!N Y\ W]E D5\NC$ AS C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S & ,G]MAN AG5TS10 HE SAID2 0WE1 ! WORK]S & SAILORS1 PROTECT$ Y\ & HELP$ Y\ TO P[]4 ,N[ Y\ D5\NCE US & >E READY TO ATTACK US ) >MS4 ,REMEMB]1 Y\ >E PLAY+ ) FIRE40 

,!N A SAILOR SPOKE4 ,HE REF]R$ TO ! GLORI\S REVOLUTION>Y PA/ ( ,KRON/ADT1 APPEAL$ TO ! ,COMMUNI/S NOT TO 5GAGE 9 FRATRICIDE1 & READ ! ,KRON/ADT RESOLUTION TO PROVE ! PEACEFUL ATTITUDE ( ! SAILORS4 ,BUT ! VOICE ( !SE SONS ( ! PEOPLE FELL ON DEAF E>S4 ,! ,PETRO-,SOVIET1 ITS PASSIONS R\S$ BY ,BOL%EVIK DEMAGOG]Y1 PASS$ ! ,Z9OVIEV RESOLUTION ORD]+ ,KRON/ADT TO SURR5D] ON PA9 ( EXT]M9ATION4 

,! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS W]E EV] ! FIR/ TO S]VE ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,!Y HAD PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT P>T 9 ! REVOLUTION ( #a#i#e2 !Y W]E 9 ! FRONT RANKS 9 #a#i#a#g4 ,UND] ,K]5SKY'S REGIME !Y PROCLAIM$ ! ,COMMUNE ( ,KRON/ADT & OPPOS$ ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY4 ,!Y W]E ! ADVANCE GU>D 9 ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION4 ,9 ! GREAT /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,YUD5IT* ! SAILORS (F]$ ! /RONGE/ DEF5SE ( ,PETROGRAD1 & ,TROTSKY PRAIS$ !M AS ! 0PRIDE & GLORY ( ! ,REVOLUTION40 ,N[1 H[EV]1 !Y HAD D>$ TO RAISE !IR VOICE 9 PROTE/ AGA9/ ! NEW RUL]S ( ,RUSSIA4 ,?AT WAS HI< TREASON FROM ! ,BOL%EVIK VIEWPO9T4 ,! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS W]E DOOM$4 

,PETROGRAD WAS >\S$ OV] ! DECISION ( ! ,SOVIET2 SOME ( ! ,COMMUNI/S EV51 ESPECIALLY ?OSE ( ! ,FR5* ,SECTION1 W]E FILL$ ) 9DIGNATION4 ,BUT NONE ( !M HAD ! C\RAGE TO PROTE/1 EV5 9 ! ,P>TY CIRCLES1 AGA9/ ! PROPOS$ SLAU<T]4 ,AS SOON AS ! ,PETRO,SOVIET RESOLUTION BECAME KN[N1 A GR\P ( WELL-KN[N LIT]>Y M5 ( ,PETROGRAD GA!R$ TO CONF] AS TO :E!R SOME?+ C\LD NOT BE DONE TO PREV5T ! PLANN$ CRIME4 ,SOMEONE SUGGE/$ ?AT ,GORKI BE APPROA*$ TO HEAD A COMMITTEE ( PROTE/ TO ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITIES4 ,IT WAS HOP$ ?AT HE W\LD EMULATE ! EXAMPLE ( HIS ILLU/RI\S C\NTRYMAN ,TOL/OY1 :O 9 HIS FAM\S LETT] TO ! ,CZ> HAD RAIS$ HIS VOICE AGA9/ ! T]RIBLE SLAU<T] ( WORK]S4 ,N[ ALSO SU* A VOICE WAS NE$$1 & ,GORKI WAS CONSID]$ ! RI<T MAN TO CALL ON ! PRES5T ,CZ>S TO BE?9K !MSELVES4 ,BUT MO/ ( ?OSE PRES5T AT ! GA!R+ SC\T$ ! IDEA4 ,GORKI WAS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 !Y SAID2 HE W\LD NOT DO ANY?+4 ,ON SEV]AL PREVI\S OCCASIONS HE HAD BE5 APPEAL$ TO1 BUT REFUS$ TO 9T]C$E4 ,! CONF]5CE BR\<T NO RESULTS4 ,/ILL1 !RE W]E SOME P]SONS 9 ,PETROGRAD :O C\LD NOT REMA9 SIL5T4 ,!Y S5T ! FOLL[+ LETT] TO ! ,SOVIET ( ,DEF5SE3 

,T,O ,! ,P,E,T,R,O,G,R,A,D ,S,O,V,I,E,T ,( ,L,A,B,O,R ,& ,D,E,F,5,S,E1 ,*,A,I,R,M,A,N ,Z,9,O,V,I,E,V3 

,TO REMA9 SIL5T N[ IS IMPOSSIBLE1 EV5 CRIM9AL4 ,REC5T EV5TS IMPEL US ,AN>*I/S TO SPEAK \T & TO DECL>E \R ATTITUDE 9 ! PRES5T SITUATION4 

,! SPIRIT ( F]M5T & DISSATISFACTION MANIFE/ AMONG ! WORK]S & SAILORS IS ! RESULT ( CAUSES ?AT DEM& \R S]I\S ATT5TION4 ,COLD & HUNG] HAVE PRODUC$ DISSATISFACTION1 & ! ABS5CE ( ANY OPPORTUNITY = DISCUSSION & CRITICISM IS =C+ ! WORK]S & SAILORS TO AIR !IR GRIEVANCES 9 ! OP54 

,:ITE-GU>DI/ B&S WI% & MAY TRY TO EXPLOIT ?IS DISSATISFACTION 9 !IR [N CLASS 9T]E/S4 ,HID+ BEH9D ! WORK]S & SAILORS !Y ?R[ \T SLOGANS ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 ( FREE TRADE1 & SIMIL> DEM&S4 

,WE ,AN>*I/S HAVE LONG S9CE EXPOS$ ! FICTION ( !SE SLOGANS1 & WE DECL>E TO ! :OLE WORLD ?AT WE WILL FI<T ) >MS AGA9/ ANY C\NT]- REVOLUTION>Y ATTEMPT1 9 COOP]ATION ) ALL FRI5DS ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION & H& 9 H& ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 

,CONC]N+ ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T & ! WORK]S & SAILORS1 WE HOLD ?AT IT MU/ BE SETTL$ NOT BY =CE ( >MS BUT BY MEANS ( COMRADELY1 FRAT]NAL REVOLUTION>Y AGREEM5T4 ,RESORT TO BLOOD%$ ON ! P>T ( ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T WILL NOT-9 ! GIV5 SITUATION-9TIMIDATE OR QUIET ! WORK]S4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT WILL S]VE ONLY TO AGGRAVATE MATT]S & WILL /R5G!N ! B&S ( ! ,5T5TE & ( 9T]NAL C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 

,MORE IMPORTANT /ILL1 ! USE ( =CE BY ! ,WORK]S' & ,PEASANTS' ,GOV]NM5T AGA9/ WORK]S & SAILORS WILL HAVE A REACTION>Y EFFECT UPON ! 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T & WILL EV]Y:]E RESULT 9 9CALCULABLE H>M TO ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 

,COMRADES ,BOL%EVIKI1 BE?9K Y\RSELVES BE=E IT IS TOO LATE4 ,DO NOT PLAY ) FIRE3 Y\ >E AB\T TO MAKE A MO/ S]I\S & DECISIVE /EP4 

,WE H]EBY SUBMIT TO Y\ ! FOLL[+ PROPOSITION3 ,LET A ,COMMISSION HE SELECT$ TO CONSI/ ( FIVE P]SONS1 9CLUSIVE ( TWO ,AN>*I/S4 ,! ,COMMISSION IS TO GO TO ,KRON/ADT TO SETTLE ! DISPUTE BY PEACEFUL MEANS4 ,9 ! GIV5 SITUATION ?IS IS ! MO/ RADICAL ME?OD4 ,IT WILL BE ( 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION>Y SIGNIFICANCE4  

O ,*APT] #g 3 ,P]SECUTION ( ,AN>*I/S 
,M,Y ,F,U,R,!,R ,D,I,S,I,L,L,U,S,I,O,N,M,5,T ,9 ,R,U,S,S,I,A 

,BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& ,COMPANY2 #aibd 

,*,A,P,T,] ,V,I,I 

,P,],S,E,C,U,T,I,O,N ,( ,A,N,>,*,I,/,S 

,9 A C\NTRY ,/ATE-[N$ & CONTROLL$ AS 
COMPLETELY AS ,RUSSIA IT IS ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE TO LIVE )\T 
! 0GRACE0 ( ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,H[EV]1 ,I WAS 
DET]M9$ TO MAKE ! ATTEMPT4 ,I W\LD ACCEPT NO?+1 NOT 
EV5 BREAD RATIONS1 FROM ! H&S /A9$ ) ! BLOOD ( 
! BRAVE ,KRON/ADT SAILORS4 ,=TUNATELY1 ,I HAD SOME CLO?+ 
LEFT ME BY AN ,AM]ICAN FRI5D2 IT C\LD BE EX*ANG$ = 
PROVISIONS4 ,I HAD ALSO RECEIV$ SOME MONEY FROM MY [N PEOPLE 
9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,?AT W\LD 5ABLE ME TO LIVE = SOME 
TIME4 

,9 ,MOSC[ ,I PROCUR$ A SMALL ROOM =M]LY OCCUPI$ BY 
! DAU<T] ( ,PET] ,KROPOTK94 ,FROM ?AT DAY ON ,I LIV$ 
LIKE ?\S&S ( O!R ,RUSSIANS1 C>RY+ WAT]1 *OPP+ 
WOOD1 WA%+ & COOK+1 ALL 9 MY LITTLE ROOM4 ,BUT ,I FELT 
FRE] & BETT] = IT4 

,! NEW ECONOMIC POLICY TURN$ ,MOSC[ 9TO A VA/ M>KET 
PLACE4 ,TRADE BECAME ! NEW RELIGION4 ,%OPS & /ORES SPRANG 
UP OV]NI<T1 MY/]I\SLY /ACK$ ) DELICACIES ,RUSSIA HAD 
NOT SE5 = YE>S4 ,L>GE QUANTITIES ( BUTT]1 *EESE1 & 
MEAT W]E DISPLAY$ = SALE2 PA/RY1 R>E FRUIT1 & SWEETS 
( EV]Y V>IETY W]E TO BE PUR*AS$4 ,9 ! BUILD+ ( ! 
,FIR/ ,H\SE ( ! ,SOVIET ONE ( ! BIGGE/ PA/RY %OPS HAD 
BE5 OP5$4 ,M51 WOM51 & *ILDR5 ) P9*$ FACES & 
HUNGRY EYES /OOD AB\T GAZ+ 9TO ! W9D[S & 
DISCUSS+ ! GREAT MIRACLE3 :AT WAS BUT YE/]DAY 
CONSID]$ A HE9\S (F5SE WAS N[ FLAUNT$ BE=E !M 9 
AN OP5 & LEGAL MANN]4 ,I OV]HE>D A ,R$ SOLDI] SAY3 
0,IS ?IS :AT WE MADE ! ,REVOLUTION =8 ,= ?IS \R 
COMRADES HAD TO DIE 80 ,! SLOGAN1 0 ,ROB ! 
ROBB]S10 WAS N[ TURN$ 9TO 0,RESPECT ! 
ROBB]S10 & AGA9 WAS PROCLAIM$ ! SANCTITY ( 
PRIVATE PROP]TY4 

,RUSSIA WAS ?US GRADUALLY RESURRECT+ ! SOCIAL 
CONDITIONS ?AT ! GREAT ,REVOLUTION HAD COME TO DE/ROY4 ,BUT 
! RETURN TO CAPITALISM 9 NO WAY *ANG$ ! ,BOL%EVIK 
ATTITUDE T[>D ! ,LEFT ELEM5TS4 ,B\RGEOIS IDEAS & 
PRACTICES W]E TO BE 5C\RAG$ TO DEVELOP ! 9DU/RIAL 
LIFE ( ,RUSSIA1 BUT REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CIES W]E TO BE 
SUPPRESS$ AS BE=E4 

,9 CONNECTION ) ,KRON/ADT A G5]AL RAID ON ,AN>*I/S 
TOOK PLACE 9 ,PETROGRAD & ,MOSC[4 ,! PRISONS W]E FILL$ 
) !SE VICTIMS4 ,ALMO/ EV]Y KN[N ,AN>*I/ HAD BE5 
>RE/$2 & ! ,AN>*I/ BOOK /ORES & PR9T+ (FICES 
( 0,GOLOS ,TRUDA0 9 BO? CITIES W]E SEAL$ BY ! 
,T*EKA4 ,! ,UKRA9IAN ,AN>*I/S :O HAD BE5 >RE/$ ON ! 
EVE ( ! ,KH>KOV ,CONF]5CE 7?\< GU>ANTE$ IMMUNITY BY 
! ,BOL%EVIKI UND] ! ,MAKHNO AGREEM5T7 W]E BR\<T TO 
,MOSC[ & PLAC$ 9 ! ,BUTYRKI2 ?AT ,ROMANOV DUNGEON WAS 
AGA9 S]V+ ITS OLD PURPOSE-EV5 HOLD+ SOME ( ! 
REVOLUTIONI/S 9C>C]AT$ !RE BE=E4 ,PRES5TLY IT BECAME 
KN[N ?AT ! POLITICALS 9 ! ,BUTYRKI HAD BE5 BRUTALLY 
ASSAULT$ BY ! ,T*EKA & SECRETLY DEPORT$ TO UNKN[N 
P>TS4 ,MOSC[ WAS MU* AGITAT$ BY ?IS RESURRECTION ( ! 
WOR/ PRISON ME?ODS ( ,CZ>ISM4 ,9T]PELLATION ON ! 
SUBJECT WAS MADE 9 ! ,MOSC[ ,SOVIET1 ! 9DIGNATION ( ! 
DEPUTIES BE+ SO GREAT ?AT ! ,T*EKA REPRES5TATIVE WAS 
%\T$ (F ! PLAT=M4 ,SEV]AL ,MOSC[ ,AN>*I/ GR\PS 
S5T A VIGOR\S PROTE/ TO ! AU?ORITIES1 :I* DOCUM5T ,I 
QUOTE 9 P>T3 

,! UND]SIGN$ ,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATIONS AFT] 
HAV+ C>EFULLY CONSID]$ ! SITUATION ?AT HAS DEVELOP$ 
LATELY 9 CONNECTION ) ! P]SECUTION ( ,AN>*I/S 9 
,MOSC[1 ,PETROGRAD1 ,KH>KOV1 & O!R CITIES ( ,RUSSIA & 
! ,UKRA9E1 9CLUD+ ! =CIBLE SUPPRESSION ( ,AN>*I/ 
ORGANIZATIONS1 CLUBS1 PUBLICATIONS1 ETC41 H]EBY EXPRESS 
!IR DECISIVE & 5]GETIC PROTE/ AGA9/ ?IS DESPOTIC 
CRU%+ ( NOT ONLY EV]Y AGITATIONAL & PROPAG&I/IC 
ACTIVITY1 BUT EV5 ( ALL PURELY CULTURAL WORK BY ,AN>*I/ 
ORGANIZATIONS4 

,! SY/EMATIC MAN-HUNT ( ,AN>*I/S 9 G5]AL1 & ( 
,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S 9 P>TICUL>1 ) ! RESULT ?AT 
EV]Y PRISON & JAIL 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA IS FILL$ ) \R 
COMRADES1 FULLY CO9CID$ 9 TIME & SPIRIT ) ,L59'S 
SPEE* AT ! ,T5? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 
,ON ?AT OCCASION ,L59 ANN\NC$ ?AT ! MO/ M]CILESS W> 
MU/ BE DECL>$ AGA9/ :AT HE T]M$ 0PETTY B\RGEOIS 
,AN>*I/ ELEM5TS0 :I*1 ACCORD+ TO HIM1 >E 
DEVELOP+ EV5 )9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ITSELF [+ TO 
! 0AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ T5D5CIES ( ! ,LABOR 
,OPPOSITION40 ,ON ?AT V]Y DAY ?AT ,L59 MADE ! ABOVE 
/ATEM5TS NUMB]S ( ,AN>*I/S W]E >RE/$ ALL OV] ! 
C\NTRY1 )\T ! LEA/ CAUSE OR EXPLANATION4 ,NO *>GES 
HAVE BE5 PREF]R$ AGA9/ ANY ONE ( ! IMPRISON$ 
COMRADES1 ?\< SOME ( !M HAVE ALREADY BE5 CONDEMN$ TO 
LONG T]MS )\T HE>+ OR TRIAL1 & 9 !IR ABS5CE4 
,! CONDITIONS ( !IR IMPRISONM5T >E EXCEPTIONALLY VILE 
& BRUTAL4 ,?US ONE ( ! >RE/$1 ,COMRADE ,MAXIMOV1 AFT] 
NUM]\S VA9 PROTE/S AGA9/ ! 9CR$IBLY UNHYGI5IC 
CONDITIONS 9 :I* HE WAS =C$ TO EXI/1 WAS DRIV5 TO ! 
ONLY MEANS ( PROTE/ LEFT HIM-A HUNG] /RIKE4 ,ANO!R 
COMRADE1 ,Y>*UK1 RELEAS$ AFT] AN IMPRISONM5T ( SIX DAYS1 
WAS SOON RE>RE/$ )\T ANY *>GES BE+ PREF]R$ 
AGA9/ HIM ON EI!R OCCASION4 

,ACCORD+ TO RELIABLE 9=MATION RECEIV$ BY US1 SOME ( 
! >RE/$ ,AN>*I/S >E BE+ S5T TO ! PRISONS ( 
,SAM>A1 F> AWAY FROM HOME & FRI5DS1 & ?US DEPRIV$ ( 
:AT LITTLE COMRADELY ASSI/ANCE !Y MI<T HAVE BE5 ABLE TO 
RECEIVE NE>] HOME4 ,A NUMB] ( O!R COMRADES HAVE BE5 
=C$ BY ! T]RIBLE CONDITIONS ( !IR IMPRISONM5T TO 
DECL>E A HUNG] /RIKE4 ,ONE ( !M1 AFT] HUNG]+ TWELVE 
DAYS1 BECAME DANG]\SLY ILL4 

,EV5 PHYSICAL VIOL5CE IS PRACTIC$ UPON \R COMRADES 9 
PRISON4 ,! /ATEM5T ( ! ,AN>*I/S 9 ! ,BUTYRKI PRISON 
9 ,MOSC[1 SIGN$ BY ?IRTY-EI<T COMRADES1 & S5T TO ! 
,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,EXTRAORD9>Y 
,COMMISSION ON ,M>* #a#f?1 CONTA9S1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 ! 
FOLL[+ /ATEM5T3 0,ON ,M>* #a#e? ,COMRADE ,T4 ,KA%IR9 
WAS BRUTALLY ATTACK$ & BEAT5 9 ! PRISON ( ! ,SPECIAL 
,DEP>TM5T ( ! ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,COMMISSION BY Y\R AG5T ,MAGO 
& ASSI/ANTS1 9 ! PRES5CE ( ! PRISON W>D5 
,DOOKISS40 

,BESIDES ! :OLESALE >RE/S ( & ! PHYSICAL 
VIOL5CE T[>D \R COMRADES1 ! ,GOV]NM5T IS WAG+ 
SY/EMATIC W> AGA9/ \R $UCATIONAL WORK4 ,IT HAS CLOS$ A 
NUMB] ( \R CLUBS1 AS WELL AS ! ,MOSC[ (FICE ( ! 
PUBLI%+ E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ 
ORGANIZATION ,GOLOS ,TRUDA4 ,A SIMIL> MAN-HUNT TOOK 
PLACE 9 ,PETROGRAD ON ,M>* #a#e?4 ,NUMB]S ( ,AN>*I/S W]E 
>RE/$1 )\T CAUSE1 ! PR9T+ H\SE ( ,GOLOS 
,TRUDA WAS CLOS$1 & ITS WORK]S IMPRISON$4 ,NO *>GES 
HAVE BE5 PREF]R$ AGA9/ ! >RE/$ COMRADES1 ALL ( 
:OM >E /ILL 9 PRISON4 

,!SE UNBE>ABLY AUTOCRATIC TACTICS ( ! ,GOV]NM5T 
T[>DS ! ,AN>*I/S >E UNQUE/IONABLY ! RESULT ( ! 
G5]AL POLICY ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,/ATE 9 ! EXCLUSIVE 
CONTROL ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 REG>D TO ,AN>*ISM1 
,SYNDICALISM1 & !IR ADH]5TS4 

,?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS IS =C+ US TO RAISE \R VOICES 
9 L\D PROTE/ AGA9/ ! PANICKY & BRUTAL SUPPRESSION ( 
! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T BY ! ,BOL%EVIK ,GOV]NM5T4 ,H]E 9 
,RUSSIA \R VOICE IS WEAK4 ,IT IS /IFL$4 ,! POLICY ( ! 
RUL+ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY IS DESIGN$ TO DE/ROY ABSOLUTELY 
EV]Y POSSIBILITY OR EF=T ( ,AN>*I/ ACTIVITY OR 
PROPAG&A4 ,! ,AN>*I/S ( ,RUSSIA >E ?US =C$ 9TO ! 
CONDITION ( A COMPLETE MORAL HUNG] /RIKE1 = ! 
,GOV]NM5T IS DEPRIV+ US ( ! POSSIBILITY TO C>RY \T 
EV5 ?OSE PLANS & PROJECTS :I* IT ITSELF ONLY REC5TLY 
PROMIS$ TO AID4 

,REALIZ+ MORE CLE>LY ?AN EV] BE=E ! TRU? ( \R 
,AN>*I/ IDEAL & ! IMP]ATIVE NE$ ( ITS APPLICATION TO 
LIFE WE >E CONV9C$ ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT ( 
! WORLD IS ) US4 

,AFT] ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION ,RUSSIAN ,AN>*I/S RETURN$ 
FROM EV]Y L& TO ,RUSSIA TO DEVOTE !MSELVES TO 
REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKI HAD ADOPT$ ! 
,AN>*I/ SLOGAN1 0,! FACTORIES TO ! WORK]S1 ! 
L& TO ! PEASANTS10 & !REBY WON ! SYMPA?IES ( 
! ,AN>*I/S4 ,! LATT] SAW 9 ! ,BOL%EVIKI ! 
SPOKESM5 ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION1 & JO9$ 
=CES ) !M4 

,?R\< ! ,OCTOB] P]IOD ! ,AN>*I/S WORK$ H& 9 
H& ) ! ,COMMUNI/S & F\<T ) !M SIDE BY SIDE 9 
! DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,!N CAME ! ,BRE/-,LITOVSK 
,TREATY1 :I* MANY ,AN>*I/S CONSID]$ A BETRAYAL ( ! 
,REVOLUTION4 ,IT WAS ! FIR/ W>N+ = !M ?AT ALL WAS 
NOT WELL ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,BUT ,RUSSIA WAS /ILL EXPOS$ TO 
=EIGN 9T]V5TION1 & ! ,AN>*I/S FELT ?AT !Y MU/ 
CONT9UE TOGE!R TO FI<T ! COMMON 5EMY4 

,9 ,APRIL1 #a#i#a#h1 CAME ANO!R BL[4 ,BY ORD] ( ,TROTSKY 
! ,AN>*I/ HEADQU>T]S 9 ,MOSC[ W]E ATTACK$ ) 
>TILL]Y1 SOME ,AN>*I/S W\ND$1 A L>GE NUMB] >RE/$1 
& ALL ,AN>*I/ ACTIVITIES 0LIQUIDAT$40 ,?IS 
5TIRELY UNEXPECT$ \TRAGE S]V$ TO FUR!R TO ALI5ATE ! 
,AN>*I/S FROM ! RUL+ ,P>TY4 ,/ILL ! MAJORITY ( !M 
REMA9$ ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI3 !Y FELT ?AT1 9 SPITE ( 
9T]NAL P]SECUTION TO TURN AGA9/ ! EXI/+ REGIME WAS 
TO WORK 9TO ! H&S ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y =CES4 
,! ,AN>*I/S P>TICIPAT$ 9 EV]Y SOCIAL1 $UCATIONAL1 & 
ECONOMIC EF=T2 !Y WORK$ EV5 9 ! MILIT>Y DEP>TM5TS 
TO AID ,RUSSIA4 ,9 ! ,R$ ,GU>DS1 9 ! VOLUNTE] REGIM5TS1 
& LAT] 9 ! ,R$ ,>MY2 AS ORGANIZ]S & MANAG]S ( 
FACTORIES & %OPS2 AS *IEFS ( ! FUEL BUREAUS2 AS 
TEA*]S-EV]Y:]E ! ,AN>*I/S HELD DIFFICULT & 
RESPONSIBLE POSITIONS4 ,\T ( !IR RANKS CAME SOME ( ! 
ABLE/ M5 :O WORK$ 9 ! =EIGN (FICE ) ,T*I*]9 
& ,KH>AKAN1 9 ! V>I\S PRESS BUREAUS1 AS ,BOL%EVIK 
DIPLOMATIC REPRES5TATIVES 9 ,TURKE/AN1 ,BOKH>A1 & ! ,F> 
,EA/]N ,REPUBLIC4 ,?R\<\T ,RUSSIA ! ,AN>*I/S WORK$ 
) & = ! ,BOL%EVIKI 9 ! BELIEF ?AT !Y W]E 
ADVANC+ ! CAUSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,BUT ! DEVOTION & 
ZEAL ( ! ,AN>*I/S 9 NO WAY DET]R$ ! ,COMMUNI/S FROM 
REL5TLESSLY P]SECUT+ ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 

,! PECULI> G5]AL SITUATION & ! CONFUSION ( IDEAS 
CREAT$ 9 ALL REVOLUTION>Y CIRCLES BY ! ,BOL%EVIK 
EXP]IM5T DIVID$ ! ,AN>*I/ =CES 9 ,RUSSIA 9TO 
SEV]AL FACTIONS1 !REBY WEAK5+ !IR EFFECT UPON ! 
C\RSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,!RE W]E A NUMB] ( GR\PS1 EA* 
/RIV+ SEP>ATELY & /RIV+ VA9LY AGA9/ ! 
=MIDABLE MA*9E :I* !Y !MSELVES HAD HELP$ TO 
CREATE4 ,9 ! D5SE POLITICAL FOG MANY LO/ !IR S5SE ( 
DIRECTION3 !Y C\LD NOT DI/+UI% BETWE5 ! ,BOL%EVIKI 
& ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,9 DESP]ATION SOME ,AN>*I/S W]E 
DRIV5 TO UND]GR\ND ACTIVITIES1 EV5 AS !Y HAD BE5 
DUR+ ! REGIME ( ! ,CZ>S4 ,BUT SU* WORK WAS MORE 
DIFFICULT & P]IL\S UND] ! NEW RUL]S & IT ALSO 
OP5$ ! DOOR TO ! S9I/] MA*9ATIONS ( PROVOCATORS4 
,! MORE MATURE ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS1 SU* AS ! 
,NABAT1 9 ! ,UKRA9A1 ,GOLOS ,TRUDA 9 ,PETROGRAD 
& ,MOSC[1 & ! ,VOYLNI ,TRUD GR\P-! LA/ TWO ( 
,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ T5D5CY-CONT9U$ !IR WORK OP5LY1 AS 
BE/ !Y C\LD4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 AS WAS UNAVOIDABLE UND] ! 
CIRCUM/ANCES1 SOME EVIL SPIRITS HAD F\ND 5TRY 9TO ! 
,AN>*I/ RANKS-DEBRIS WA%$ A%ORE BY ! ,REVOLUTION>Y 
TIDE4 ,!Y W]E TYPES TO :OM ! ,REVOLUTION MEANT ONLY 
DE/RUCTION1 OCCASIONALLY EV5 = P]SONAL ADVANTAGE4 ,!Y 
5GAG$ 9 %ADY PURSUITS &1 :5 >RE/$ & !IR LIVES 
?REAT5$1 !Y (T5 TURN$ TRAITORS & JO9$ ! ,T*EKA4 
,P>TICUL>LY 9 ,KH>KOV & ,ODESSA ?RIV$ ?IS POISON\S 
WE$4 ,! ,AN>*I/S AT L>GE W]E ! FIR/ TO TAKE A /& 
AGA9/ ?IS ELEM5T4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKI1 ALWAYS ANXI\S TO 
SECURE ! S]VICES ( ! ,AN>*I/ D]ELICTS1 
SY/EMATICALLY P]V]T$ ! FACTS4 ,!Y MALIGN$1 
P]SECUT$1 & H\ND$ ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T AS SU*4 ,IT 
WAS ?IS ,COMMUNI/ TREA*]Y & DESPOTISM :I* RESULT$ 9 
A BOMB'S BE+ ?R[N DUR+ ! SESSION ( ! ,MOSC[ 
,SECTION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#a#i4 ,IT WAS AN 
ACT ( PROTE/1 MEMB]S ( ! V>I\S POLITICAL T5D5CIES 
COOP]AT+ 9 IT4 ,! ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS ,GOLOS 
,TRUDA & ,VOYLNI ,TRUD 9 ,MOSC[ PUBLICLY EXPRESS$ 
!IR CONDEMNATION ( SU* ME?ODS1 BUT ! ,GOV]NM5T 
REPLI$ ) REPRISALS AGA9/ ALL ,AN>*I/S4 ,YET1 9 SPITE 
( !IR BITT] EXP]I5CES & M>TYRDOM UND] ! ,BOL%EVIK 
REGIME1 MO/ ( ! ,AN>*I/S CLUNG T5ACI\SLY TO ! H& 
?AT SMOTE !M4 ,IT NE$$ ! \TRAGE UPON ,KRON/ADT TO 
R\SE !M FROM ! HYPNOTIC SPELL ( ! ,BOL%EVIK 
SUP]/ITION4 

,P[] IS CORRUPT+1 & ,AN>*I/S >E NO EXCEPTION4 ,IT 
MU/ 9 TRU? BE ADMITT$ ?AT A C]TA9 ,AN>*I/ ELEM5T 
BECAME DEMORALIZ$ BY IT2 BY F> ! L>GE/ MAJORITY 
RETA9$ !IR 9TEGRITY4 ,NEI!R ,BOL%EVIK P]SECUTION NOR 
(T-ATTEMPT$ BRIB]Y ( GOOD POSITION ) ALL ITS SPECIAL 
PRIVILEGES SUCCE$$ 9 ALI5AT+ ! GREAT BULK ( 
,AN>*I/S FROM !IR IDEALS4 ,AS A RESULT !Y W]E 
CON/ANTLY H>ASS$ & 9C>C]AT$4 ,!IR EXI/5CE 9 ! 
PRISONS WAS A CONT9U\S TORTURE3 9 MO/ ( !M /ILL 
OBTA9$ ! OLD REGIME & ONLY ! COLLECTIVE /RUGGLE ( 
! POLITICALS OCCASIONALLY SUCCE$$ 9 COMPELL+ RE=MS 
& IMPROVEM5TS4 ,?US IT REQUIR$ REPEAT$ 
0OB/RUCTIONS0 & HUNG] /RIKES 9 ! ,BUTYRKI 
BE=E ! AU?ORITIES W]E =C$ TO MAKE CONCESSIONS4 ,! 
POLITICALS SUCCE$$ 9 E/ABLI%+ A SORT ( UNIV]SITY1 
ORGANIZ$ LECTURES1 & RECEIV$ VISITS & FOOD P>CELS4 ,BUT 
! ,T*EKA FR[N$ UPON SU* 0LIB]TIES40 ,SUDD5LY1 
)\T W>N+1 AN 5D WAS PUT TO DEC5T TREATM5T2 ! 
,BUTYRKI WAS RAID$ & ! PRISON]S1 NUMB]+ MORE ?AN 
#d1 & BELONG+ TO V>I\S REVOLUTION>Y W+S1 W]E 
=CIBLY TAK5 FROM !IR CELLS & TRANSF]R$ TO O!R 
P5AL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,A MESSAGE RECEIV$ AT ! TIME FROM ONE 
( ! VICTIMS1 DAT$ ,APRIL #b#g?1 READS3 

,CONC5TRATION ,CAMP1 ,RYAZAN4 

,ON ! NI<T ( ,APRIL #b#e? WE W]E ATTACK$ BY ,R$ 
SOLDI]S & >M$ ,T*EKI/S & ORD]$ TO DRESS & GET 
READY TO LEAVE ! ,BUTYRKI4 ,SOME ( ! POLITICALS1 FE>+ 
?AT !Y W]E TO BE TAK5 TO EXECUTION1 REFUS$ TO GO & 
W]E T]RIBLY BEAT54 ,! WOM5 ESPECIALLY W]E MALTREAT$1 
SOME ( !M BE+ DRAGG$ D[N ! /AIRS BY !IR HAIR4 
,MANY HAVE SUFF]$ S]I\S 9JURY4 ,I MYSELF WAS SO BADLY 
BEAT5 ?AT MY :OLE BODY FEELS LIKE ONE BIG SORE4 ,WE W]E 
TAK5 \T BY =CE 9 \R NI<T-CLO!S & ?R[N 9TO 
WAGONS4 ,! COMRADES 9 \R GR\P KNEW NO?+ ( ! 
:]EAB\TS ( ! RE/ ( ! POLITICALS1 9CLUD+ 
,M5%EVIKS1 ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTIONI/S1 ,AN>*I/S1 & 
,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S4 

,T5 ( US1 AMONG !M ,FANYA ,B>ON1 HAVE BE5 BR\<T 
H]E4 ,CONDITIONS 9 ?IS PRISON >E UNBE>ABLE4 ,NO EX]CISE1 
NO FRE% AIR2 FOOD IS SC>CE & FIL?Y2 EV]Y:]E AWFUL 
DIRT1 B$BUGS1 & LICE4 ,WE MEAN TO DECL>E A HUNG] /RIKE 
= BETT] TREATM5T4 ,WE HAVE JU/ BE5 TOLD TO GET READY 
) \R ?+S4 ,!Y >E GO+ TO S5D US AWAY AGA94 ,WE DO 
NOT KN[ :]E TO4 

.<,SIGN$.> ,T4 

,UPON ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( ! ,BUTYRKI RAID BECOM+ KN[N 
! /UD5TS ( ! ,MOSC[ ,UNIV]SITY HELD A PROTE/ MEET+ 
& PASS$ RESOLUTIONS CONDEMNATORY ( ! \TRAGE4 ,!REUPON 
! /UD5T LEAD]S W]E >RE/$ & ! ,UNIV]SITY CLOS$4 
,! NONRESID5T /UD5TS W]E ORD]$ TO LEAVE ,MOSC[ )9 
?REE DAYS ON ! PRETEXT ( LACK ( RATIONS4 ,! /UD5TS 
VOLUNTE]$ TO GIVE UP !IR PAYOK1 BUT ! ,GOV]NM5T 
9SI/$ ON !IR QUITT+ ! CAPITAL4 ,LAT]1 :5 ! 
,UNIV]SITY WAS RE-OP5$1 ,PREOBRAZH5SKY1 ! ,DEAN1 
ADMONI%$ ! /UD5TS TO REFRA9 FROM ANY POLITICAL 
EXPRESSIONS ON PA9 ( BE+ EXPELL$ FROM ! ,UNIV]SITY4 
,SOME ( ! >RE/$ /UD5TS W]E EXIL$1 AMONG !M SEV]AL 
GIRL /UD5TS1 = ! SOLE CRIME ( BE+ MEMB]S ( A 
CIRCLE :OSE AIM WAS TO /UDY ! WORKS ( ,KROPOTK9 & 
O!R ,AN>*I/ AU?ORS4 ,! ME?ODS ( ! ,CZ> W]E 
RESURRECT$ BY HIS HEIRS TO ! ?RONE 9 ,BOL%EVIK 
,RUSSIA4 

,AFT] ! DEA? ( ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 HIS FRI5DS & 
COMRADES DECID$ TO F\ND A ,KROPOTK9 ,MUSEUM 9 COMMEMORATION 
( ! GREAT ,AN>*I/ TEA*] & 9 FUR!RANCE ( HIS 
IDEAS & IDEALS4 ,I REMOV$ TO ,MOSC[ TO AID 9 ! 
ORGANIZATION ( ! PROPOS$ MEMORIAL1 BUT BE=E LONG ! 
,MUSEUM ,COMMITTEE CONCLUD$ ?AT = ! TIME BE+ ! 
PROJECT C\LD NOT BE REALIZ$4 ,EV]Y?+ BE+ UND] ,/ATE 
MONOPOLY NO?+ C\LD BE DONE )\T APPLICATION TO ! 
AU?ORITIES4 ,TO ACCEPT ,GOV]NM5T AID W\LD HAVE BE5 A 
DELIB]ATE BETRAYAL ( ! SPIRIT ( ,KROPOTK9 :O ?R\<\T 
HIS LIFE CONSI/5TLY REFUS$ ,/ATE ASSI/ANCE4 ,ONCE :5 
,KROPOTK9 WAS ILL & 9 NE$1 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,GOV]NM5T 
(F]$ HIM A L>GE SUM = ! RI<T TO PUBLI% HIS WORKS4 
,KROPOTK9 REFUS$4 ,HE WAS COMPELL$ TO ACCEPT RATIONS & 
M$ICAL ASSI/ANCE :5 SICK1 BUT HE W\LD NEI!R CONS5T TO 
HIS WORKS BE+ PUBLI%$ BY ! ,/ATE NOR ACCEPT ANY O!R 
AID FROM IT4 ,! ,KROPOTK9 ,MUSEUM ,COMMITTEE TOOK ! SAME 
ATTITUDE4 ,IT ACCEPT$ FROM ! ,MOSC[ ,SOVIET ! H\SE 
,KROPOTK9 HAD BE5 BORN 91 & :I* WAS TO BE TURN$ 9TO A 
,KROPOTK9 ,MUSEUM2 BUT IT W\LD ASK ! ,GOV]NM5T = NO?+ 
MORE4 ,! H\SE AT ! TIME WAS OCCUPI$ BY A MILIT>Y 
ORGANIZATION2 IT W\LD REQUIRE MON?S TO GET IT VACAT$ & 
!N NO MEANS W\LD BE AT H& TO HAVE IT R5OVAT$4 ,SOME ( 
! ,COMMITTEE MEMB]S FELT ?AT A ,KROPOTK9 ,MUSEUM WAS \T ( 
PLACE 9 ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA AS LONG AS DESPOTISM WAS RAMPANT 
& ! PRISONS FILL$ ) POLITICAL DISS5T]S4 

,:ILE ,I WAS 9 ,PETROGRAD ON A %ORT VISIT1 ! ,MOSC[ 
AP>TM5T 9 :I* ,I HAD A ROOM WAS RAID$ BY ! ,T*EKA4 ,I 
LE>N$ ?AT ! CU/OM>Y TRAP HAD BE5 SET & EV]YONE 
>RE/$ :O CALL$ AT ! PLACE DUR+ ! ZASSADA4 ,I 
VISIT$ ,RAVIT* TO PROTE/ AGA9/ SU* PROCE$+S1 TELL+ 
H] ?AT IF ! OBJECT WAS TO TAKE ME 9TO CU/ODY ,I WAS 
PREP>$ = IT4 ,RAVIT* HAD HE>D NO?+ ( ! MATT]1 BUT 
PROMIS$ TO GET 9 T\* ) ,MOSC[4 ,A FEW DAYS LAT] ,I WAS 
9=M$ ?AT ! ,T*EKI/S HAD BE5 )DRAWN FROM ! 
AP>TM5T & ?AT ! >RE/$ FRI5DS W]E AB\T TO BE 
RELEAS$4 ,:5 ,I RETURN$ TO MY ROOM SOME TIME LAT] MO/ ( 
!M HAD BE5 FRE$4 ,AT ! SAME TIME A NUMB] ( ,AN>*I/S 
W]E >RE/$ 9 V>I\S P>TS ( ! CAPITAL & NO NEWS ( 
!IR FATE OR ( ! CAUSE ( !IR >RE/ C\LD BE LE>N$4 
,SEV]AL WEEKS LAT]1 ON ,AUGU/ #c?1 ! ,MOSC[ ,IZVE/IA 
PUBLI%$ ! (FICIAL REPORT ( ! ,VEH-,T*EKA CONC]N+ 
0,AN>*I/ B&ITISM10 ANN\NC+ ?AT T5 
,AN>*I/S HAD BE5 %OT AS 0B&ITS0 )\T 
HE>+ OR TRIAL4 

,IT HAD BECOME ! E/ABLI%$ POLICY ( ! ,BOL%EVIK 
,GOV]NM5T TO MASK ITS B>B>IC PROC$URE AGA9/ ,AN>*I/S 
) ! UNI=M *>GE ( B&ITISM4 ,?IS ACCUSATION WAS 
MADE PRACTICALLY AGA9/ ALL >RE/$ ,AN>*I/S & 
FREQU5TLY EV5 AGA9/ SYMPA?IZ]S ) ! MOVEM5T4 ,A 
V]Y CONV5I5T ME?OD ( GETT+ RID ( AN UNDESIRABLE 
P]SON3 BY IT ANY ONE C\LD BE SECRETLY EXECUT$ & 
BURI$4 

,AMONG ! T5 VICTIMS W]E TWO ( ! BE/ KN[N ,RUSSIAN 
,AN>*I/S1 :OSE IDEALISM & LIFELONG DEVOTION TO ! 
CAUSE ( HUMANITY HAD /OOD ! TE/ ( ,CZ>I/ DUNGEONS & 
EXILE1 & P]SECUTION & SUFF]+ 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 ,!Y 
W]E ,FANYA ,B>ON1 :O SEV]AL MON?S BE=E HAD ESCAP$ FROM 
! ,RYAZAN PRISON1 & ,LEV ,T*]NY :O HAD SP5T MANY YE>S 
( HIS LIFE 9 KATORGA & EXILE1 UND] ! OLD REGIME4 ,! 
,BOL%EVIKI DID NOT HAVE ! C\RAGE TO SAY ?AT !Y HAD %OT 
,LEV ,T*]NY2 9 ! LI/ ( ! EXECUT$ HE APPE>$ AS 
0,TUR*AN9(F10 :I*-?\< HIS REAL NAME-WAS 
UNFAMILI> TO SOME EV5 ( HIS CLOSE/ FRI5DS4 ,T*]NY WAS 
KN[N ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA AS A GIFT$ POET & WRIT]4 ,9 #aig 
HE HAD PUBLI%$ AN ORIG9AL WORK ON 0,ASSOCIATIONAL 
,AN>*ISM10 & S9CE HIS RETURN FROM ,SIB]IA 9 #aiag HE 
HAD 5JOY$ WIDE POPUL>ITY AMONG ! WORK]S ( ,MOSC[ AS A 
LECTUR] & F\ND] ( ! 0,F$]ATION ( ,BRA9 
,WORK]S40 ,HE WAS A MAN ( GREAT GIFTS1 T5D] & 
SYMPA!TIC 9 ALL HIS RELATION%IPS4 ,NO P]SON C\LD BE 
FUR!R FROM B&ITISM4 

,! MO!R ( ,T*]NY HAD REPEAT$LY CALL$ AT ! ,OSSOBY 
,OTDEL 7,SPECIAL ,DEP>TM5T ( ! ,T*EKA7 TO LE>N ! FATE ( 
H] SON4 ,EV]Y TIME %E WAS TOLD TO COME NEXT DAY2 %E W\LD 
!N BE P]MITT$ TO SEE HIM4 ,AS E/ABLI%$ LAT]1 ,T*]NY 
HAD ALREADY BE5 %OT :5 !SE PROMISES W]E BE+ MADE4 
,AFT] HIS DEA? ! AU?ORITIES REFUS$ TO TURN HIS BODY OV] 
TO HIS RELATIVES OR FRI5DS = BURIAL4 ,!RE W]E P]SI/5T 
RUMORS ?AT ! ,T*EKA HAD NOT 9T5D$ TO EXECUTE ,T*]NY1 
BUT ?AT HE DI$ UND] TORTURE4 

,FANYA ,B>ON WAS ( ! TYPE ( ,RUSSIAN WOMAN COMPLETELY 
CONSECRAT$ TO ! CAUSE ( HUMANITY4 ,:ILE 9 ,AM]ICA %E 
GAVE ALL H] SP>E TIME & A GOODLY P>T ( H] MEAG] 
E>N+S 9 A FACTORY TO FUR!R ,AN>*I/ PROPAG&A4 ,YE>S 
AFT]W>DS1 :5 ,I MET H] 9 ,KH>KOV1 H] ZEAL & DEVOTION 
HAD BECOME 9T5SIFI$ BY ! P]SECUTION %E & H] 
COMRADES HAD 5DUR$ S9CE !IR RETURN TO ,RUSSIA4 ,%E 
POSSESS$ UNB\ND$ C\RAGE & A G5]\S SPIRIT4 ,%E C\LD 
P]=M ! MO/ DIFFICULT TASK & DEPRIVE H]SELF ( ! 
LA/ PIECE ( BREAD ) GRACE & UTT] SELFLESSNESS4 ,UND] 
H>R[+ CONDITIONS ( TRAVEL1 ,FANYA W5T UP & D[N ! 
,UKRA9A TO SPREAD ! ,NABAT1 ORGANIZE ! WORK]S & 
PEASANTS1 OR BR+ HELP & SUCCOR TO H] IMPRISON$ 
COMRADES4 ,%E WAS ONE ( ! VICTIMS ( ! ,BUTYRKI RAID1 
:5 %E HAD BE5 DRAGG$ BY H] HAIR & BADLY BEAT54 ,AFT] 
H] ESCAPE FROM ! ,RYAZAN PRISON %E TRAMP$ ON FOOT TO 
,MOSC[1 :]E %E >RIV$ 9 TATT]S & P5NILESS4 ,IT WAS 
H] DESP]ATE CONDITION :I* DROVE H] TO SEEK %ELT] ) 
H] HUSB&'S BRO!R1 AT :OSE H\SE %E WAS DISCOV]$ BY 
! ,T*EKA4 ,?IS BIG-HE>T$ WOMAN1 :O HAD S]V$ ! ,SOCIAL 
,REVOLUTION ALL H] LIFE1 WAS DONE TO DEA? BY ! PEOPLE :O 
PRET5D$ TO BE ! ADVANCE GU>D ( REVOLUTION4 ,NOT CONT5T 
) ! CRIME ( KILL+ ,FANYA ,B>ON1 ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T 
PUT ! /IGMA ( B&ITISM ON ! MEMORY ( !IR DEAD 
VICTIM4 

O ,*APT] #h 3 ,TRAVEL+ ,SALESM5 ( ! ,REVOLUTION 
,MY ,FUR!R ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA 

,BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& COMPANY2 #aibd 

,*,A,P,T,] ,V,I,I,I 

,T,R,A,V,E,L,+ ,S,A,L,E,S,M,5 ,( ,! ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N 

,GREAT PREP>ATIONS W]E BE+ MADE BY ! ,COMMUNI/S = ! ,?IRD ,CONGRESS ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL & ! ,FIR/ ,CONGRESS ( ! ,R$ ,TRADE ,UNION ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,A PRELIM9>Y COMMITTEE HAD BE5 ORGANIZ$ 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#b1 :ILE DELEGATES FROM V>I\S C\NTRIES W]E 9 ,MOSC[4 ,H[ MU* ! ,BOL%EVIKI DEP5D$ UPON ! ,FIR/ ,CONGRESS ( ! ,R$ ,TRADE ,UNION ,9T]NATIONAL WAS APP>5T FROM A REM>K ( AN OLD ,COMMUNI/4 0,WE HAV5'T ! WORK]S 9 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL10 HE SAID2 0UNLESS WE SUCCE$ 9 WELD+ TOGE!R ! PROLET>IAT ( ! WORLD 9TO ! ,R4 ,T4 ,U4 ,I41 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL CANNOT LA/ V]Y LONG40 

,! ,HOTEL DE ,LUXE1 R5OVAT$ ! PREVI\S YE>1 BECAME ! =EIGN GUE/ H\SE ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL & WAS PUT 9 FE/IVE ATTIRE4 ,! DELEGATES BEGAN TO >RIVE 9 ,MOSC[4 

,DUR+ MY /AY 9 ,RUSSIA ,I CAME ACROSS ?REE CLASSES ( VISITORS :O CAME TO 0/UDY ! ,REVOLUTION40 ,! FIR/ CATEGORY CONSI/$ ( E>NE/ IDEALI/S TO :OM ! ,BOL%EVIKI W]E ! SYMBOL ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,AMONG !M W]E MANY EMIGRANTS FROM ,AM]ICA :O HAD GIV5 UP EV]Y?+ !Y POSSESS$ TO RETURN TO ! PROMIS$ L&4 ,MO/ ( !SE BECAME BITT]LY DISAPPO9T$ AFT] ! FIR/ FEW MON?S & S\<T TO GET \T ( ,RUSSIA4 ,O!RS1 :O DID NOT COME AS ,COMMUNI/S1 JO9$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY = SELFI% REASONS & DID 9 ,ROME AS ! ,ROMANS DO4 ,!RE W]E ALSO ! ,AN>*I/ DEPORTEES :O CAME NOT ( !IR [N *OICE4 ,MO/ ( !M /RA9$ EV]Y EF=T TO LEAVE ,RUSSIA AFT] !Y REALIZ$ ! /UP5D\S DECEPTION ?AT HAD BE5 IMPOS$ ON ! WORLD4 

,9 ! SECOND CLASS W]E J\RNALI/S1 NEWSPAP]M51 & SOME ADV5TUR]S4 ,!Y SP5T FROM TWO WEEKS TO TWO MON?S 9 ,RUSSIA1 USUALLY 9 ,PETROGRAD OR ,MOSC[1 AS ! GUE/S ( ! ,GOV]NM5T & 9 *>GE ( ,BOL%EVIK GUIDES4 ,H>DLY ANY ( !M KNEW ! LANGUAGE & !Y NEV] GOT FUR!R ?AN ! SURFACE ( ?+S4 ,YET MANY ( !M HAVE PRESUM$ TO WRITE & LECTURE AU?ORITATIVELY AB\T ! ,RUSSIAN SITUATION4 ,I REMEMB] MY A/ONI%M5T :5 ,I READ 9 A C]TA9 ,LONDON DAILY ?AT ! TEA*+S ( ,JESUS W]E 0BE+ REALIZ$ 9 ,RUSSIA40 ,A PREPO/]\S FALSEHOOD ( :I* NONE BUT A *>LATAN C\LD BE GUILTY4 ,O!R WRIT]S W]E NOT MU* NE>] ! TRU?4 ,IF !Y W]E AT ALL CRITICAL ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI !Y W]E SO AT ! EXP5SE ( ! :OLE ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 :OM !Y *>G$ ) BE+ 0CRUDE1 PRIMITIVE SAVAGES1 TOO ILLIT]ATE TO GRASP ! MEAN+ ( ! ,REVOLUTION40 ,ACCORD+ TO !SE WRIT]S IT WAS ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE :O IMPOS$ UPON ! ,BOL%EVIKI !IR DESPOTIC & CRUEL ME?ODS4 ,IT DID NOT OCCUR TO ?OSE SO-CALL$ 9VE/IGATORS ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION WAS MADE BY ?OSE PRIMITIVE & ILLIT]ATE PEOPLE1 & NOT BY ! PRES5T RUL]S 9 ! ,KREML94 ,SURELY !Y MU/ HAVE POSSESS$ SOME QUALITY :I* 5ABL$ !M TO RISE TO REVOLUTION>Y HEI<TS-A QUALITY :I*1 IF PROP]LY DIRECT$1 W\LD HAVE PREV5T$ ! WRECK & RU9 ( ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT ?AT QUALITY HAS P]SI/5TLY BE5 OV]LOOK$ BY ,BOL%EVIK APOLOGI/S :O SACRIFICE ALL TRU? 9 !IR DET]M9ATION TO F9D EXT5UAT+ CIRCUM/ANCES = ! MESS MADE BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,A FEW WROTE ) UND]/&+ ( ! COMPLEX PROBLEMS & ) SYMPA?Y = ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE4 ,BUT !IR VOICE WAS 9EFFECTUAL 9 ! POPUL> CRAZE ?AT ,BOL%EVISM HAD BECOME4 

,! ?IRD CATEGORY-! MAJORITY ( ! VISITORS1 DELEGATES1 & MEMB]S ( V>I\S COMMISSIONS-9FE/$ ,RUSSIA TO BECOME ! AG5TS ( ! RUL+ ,P>TY4 ,!SE PEOPLE HAD EV]Y OPPORTUNITY TO SEE ?+S AS !Y W]E1 TO GET CLOSE TO ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 & TO LE>N FROM !M ! :OLE T]RIBLE TRU?4 ,BUT !Y PREF]R$ TO SIDE ) ! ,GOV]NM5T1 TO LI/5 TO ITS 9T]PRETATION ( CAUSES & EFFECTS4 ,!N !Y W5T =? TO MISREPRES5T & TO LIE DELIB]ATELY 9 BEHALF ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 AS ! ,5T5TE AG5TS HAD LI$ & MISREPRES5T$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,NOR DID ! S9C]E ,COMMUNI/S REALIZE ! DISGRACE ( ! SITUATION-NOT EV5 ,ANGELICA ,BALABANOVA4 ,YET %E HAD GOOD JUDGM5T ( *>ACT] & KNEW H[ TO APPRAISE ! PEOPLE :O FLOCK$ TO ,RUSSIA4 ,H] EXP]I5CE ) ,MRS4 ,CL>E ,%]IDAN WAS *>ACT]I/IC4 ,! LADY HAD BE5 SMUGGL$ 9TO ,RUSSIA BE=E ,MOSC[ REALIZ$ ?AT %E WAS ! C\S9 ( ,W9/ON ,*UR*ILL4 ,%E WAS OBSESS$ BY ! DESIRE 0TO SCULP0 PROM95T ,COMMUNI/S4 ,%E HAD ALSO BEGG$ ,ANGELICA TO SIT = H]4 0,L591 ,TROTSKY1 & O!R LEAD]S >E GO+ TO2 >5'T Y\80 %E PLEAD$4 ,ANGELICA1 :O HAT$ S5SATIONALISM 9 ANY =M1 RES5T$ ! PRES5CE 9 ,RUSSIA ( !SE SUP]FICIAL VISITORS4 0,I ASK$ H]10 %E AFT]W>DS RELAT$1 0 IF %E W\LD HAVE ?\<T ( 'SCULPT+' ,L59 ?REE YE>S AGO :5 ! ,5GLI% ,GOV]NM5T D5\NC$ HIM AS A ,G]MAN SPY4 ,L59 DID NOT MAKE ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE MADE IT4 ,I TOLD ?IS ,MRS4 ,%]IDAN ?AT %E W\LD DO BETT] TO 'SCULP' ,RUSSIAN WORK+M5 & WOM5 :O W]E ! REAL H]OES ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,I KN[ %E DID NOT LIKE :AT ,I SAID4 ,BUT ,I DON'T C>E4 ,I CAN'T /& PEOPLE TO :OM ! ,RUSSIAN /RUGGLE IS M]E COPY = POOR IMITATIONS OR *EAP DISPLAY40 

,N[ ! NEW DELEGATES W]E BEG9N+ TO >RIVE4 ,!Y W]E ROYALLY WELCOM$ & FET$4 ,!Y W]E TAK5 TO %[ S*OOLS1 *ILDR5'S HOMES1 COLONIES1 & MODEL FACTORIES4 ,IT WAS ! TRADITIONAL ,POTEMK9 VILLAGES ?AT W]E %[N ! VISITORS4 ,!Y W]E GRACI\SLY RECEIV$ & 0TALK$ TO0 BY ,L59 & ,TROTSKY1 TREAT$ TO !AT]S1 CONC]TS1 BALLETS1 EXCURSIONS1 & MILIT>Y P>ADES4 ,9 %ORT1 NO?+ WAS LEFT UNDONE TO PUT ! DELEGATES 9TO A FRAME ( M9D FAVORABLE TO ! GREAT PLAN ?AT WAS TO BE REVEAL$ TO !M AT ! ,R$ ,TRADE ,UNION & ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONGRESSES4 ,!RE W]E ALSO CONT9U\S PRIVATE CONF]5CES :]E ! DELEGATES W]E SUBJECT$ TO A REGUL> ?IRD DEGREE1 ,LOZOVSKY-PROM95T ,BOL%EVIK LABOR LEAD]-& HIS RET9UE SEEK+ TO ASC]TA9 !IR ATTITUDE TO ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 & SIMIL> SUBJECTS4 ,H]E & !RE WAS A DELEGATE :O REFUS$ TO DIVULGE ! 9/RUCTIONS ( HIS ORGANIZATION ON ! GR\ND ?AT HE WAS PL$G$ TO REPORT ONLY TO ! ,CONGRESS4 ,BUT SU* NAIVE PEOPLE RECKON$ )\T !IR HO/4 ,!Y SOON F\ND !MSELVES O/RACIZ$ & AT ! ,CONGRESS !Y W]E GIV5 NO OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE !MSELVES HE>D EFFECTIVELY4 

,! MAJORITY ( ! DELEGATES W]E MORE PLIABLE4 ,!Y LE>N$ QUICKLY ?AT PL$GES & RESPONSIBILITIES W]E CONSID]$ B\RGEOIS SUP]/ITIONS4 ,TO %[ !IR ULTRA-RADICALISM !Y QUICKLY DIVE/$ !MSELVES ( !M4 ,!Y BECAME ! E*OES ( ,Z9OVIEV1 ,LOZOVSKY1 & O!R LEAD]S4 

,! ,AM]ICAN DELEGATES TO ! ,R$ ,TRADE ,UNION ,9T]NATIONAL W]E MO/ CONSPICU\S BY !IR LACK ( P]SONALITY4 ,!Y ACCEPT$ )\T QUE/ION EV]Y PROPOSITION & SUGGE/ION ( ! ,*AIR4 ,! MO/ FLAGRANT 9TRIGUES & POLITICAL MA*9ATIONS & BRAZ5 SUPPRESSION ( ?OSE :O W\LD NOT BE CAJOL$ OR BULLI$ 9TO BL9D ADH]5CE F\ND READY SUPPORT BY ! ,AM]ICAN ,COMMUNI/ CREW & ! AIDES !Y HAD BR\<T ) !M4 

,! ,BOL%EVIKI KN[ H[ TO SET ! /AGE TO PRODUCE AN IMPRESSION4 ,9 ! /AG+ ( ! TWO ,CONGRESSES HELD 9 ,JULY1 #a#i#b#a1 !Y \TDID !MSELVES4 ,! BACKGR\ND = ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL WAS ! ,KREML94 ,9 ! ROYAL HALLS :]E ONCE ! ALL-P[]FUL ,ROMANOVS HAD SAT1 ! AW$ DELEGATES HUNG ) BAT$ BREA? UPON EV]Y WORD UTT]$ BY !IR POPE1 ,L591 & ! O!R ,GR& ,SEIGNEURS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,*UR*4 ,ON ! EVE ( ! ,CONGRESS A GREAT MEET+ WAS HELD 9 ! BIG !AT] TO :I* ONLY ?OSE :OSE PASSPORTS HAD BE5 APPROV$ BY ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,T*EKA W]E ADMITT$4 ,! /REETS LEAD+ TO ! !AT] W]E TURN$ 9TO A V]ITABLE MILIT>Y CAMP4 

,T*EKI/S & SOLDI]S ON FOOT & ON HORSEBACK CREAT$ ! PROP] ATMOSPH]E = ! ,COMMUNI/ CONCLAVE4 ,AT ! MEET+ RESOLUTIONS W]E PASS$ EXT5D+ FRAT]NAL GREET+S TO 0! REVOLUTIONI/S 9 CAPITALI/ PRISONS40 ,AT ?AT V]Y MOM5T EV]Y ,RUSSIAN PRISON WAS FILL$ ) REVOLUTIONI/S BUT NO GREET+S W]E S5T TO !M4 ,SO ALL-P]VAD+ WAS ,MOSC[ HYPNOTISM ?AT NOT A S+LE VOICE WAS RAIS$ TO PO9T \T ! F>CE ( ,BOL%EVIK SYMPA?Y = POLITICAL PRISON]S4 

,! ,R$ ,TRADE ,UNION ,CONGRESS WAS SET ON A LESS PRET5TI\S SCALE 9 ! ,H\SE ( ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 ,BUT NO DETAILS W]E OV]LOOK$ TO GET ! PROP] EFFECTS4 0,DELEGATES0 FROM ,PALE/9E & ,KOREA-M5 :O HAD NOT BE5 \T ( ,RUSSIA = YE>S-DELEGATES FROM ! GREAT 9DU/RIAL C5T]S ( ,BOKH>A1 ,TURKE/AN1 & ,ADZ]BEYDZHAN1 PACK$ ! ,CONGRESS TO SWELL ! ,COMMUNI/ VOTE & HELP C>RY EV]Y ,COMMUNI/ PROPOSITION4 ,!Y W]E !RE TO TEA* ! WORK]S ( ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA H[ TO RECON/RUCT !IR RESPECTIVE C\NTRIES & TO E/ABLI% ,COMMUNISM AFT] ! WORLD REVOLUTION4 

,! PLAN P]FECT$ BY ,MOSC[ DUR+ ! YE> #a#i#b-#b#a1 & :I* WAS A COMPLETE REV]SAL ( ,COMMUNI/ PR9CIPLES & TACTICS1 WAS V]Y SKILLFULLY & SUBTLY UNROLL$-BY SL[ DEGREES-BE=E ! CR$UL\S DELEGATES4 ,! ,R$ ,TRADE ,UNION ,9T]NATIONAL WAS TO EMBRACE ALL REVOLUTION>Y & SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORLD1 ) ,MOSC[ AS ITS ,MECCA & ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL AS ITS ,PROPHET4 ,ALL M9OR REVOLUTION>Y LABOR ORGANIZATIONS W]E TO BE DISSOLV$ & ,COMMUNI/ UNITS =M$ 9/EAD )9 ! EXI/+ CONS]VATIVE TRADE UNION BODIES4 ,! V]Y PEOPLE :O A YE> AGO HAD ISSU$ ! FAM\S ,BULL ( TW5TY-ONE PO9TS1 !Y :O HAD EXCOMMUNICAT$ EV]Y H]ETIC UNWILL+ TO SUBMIT TO ! ORD]S ( ! ,HOLY ,SEE-! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL-& :O HAD APPLI$ EV]Y 9VECTIVE TO LABOR 9 ! #bND & AN #a_/#b ,9T]NATIONALS1 W]E N[ MAK+ OV]TURES TO ! MO/ REACTION>Y LABOR ORGANIZATIONS & 0RESOLUT+0 AGA9/ ! BE/ EF=TS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PIONE]S 9 ! ,TRADE ,UNION MOVEM5T ( EV]Y C\NTRY4 

,H]E AGA9 ! ,AM]ICAN DELEGATES PROV$ !MSELVES WOR?Y ( !IR HIRE4 ,MO/ ( !M HAD SPRUNG FROM ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD2 HAD 9DE$ >IS5 TO 0FAME & GLORY0 ON ! %\LD]S ( ?AT MILITANT ,AM]ICAN LABOR BODY4 ,SOME ( ! DELEGATES HAD VALIANTLY ESCAP$ TO SAFETY1 UNSELFI%LY PREF]R+ ! ,HOTEL DE ,LUXE TO ,LEAV5WOR? ,P5IT5TI>Y1 LEAV+ !IR COMRADES BEH9D 9 ,AM]ICAN PRISONS & !IR FRI5DS TO REFUND ! BONDS !Y HAD H]OICALLY =FEIT$4 ,:ILE ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S CONT9U$ TO SUFF] P]SECUTION 9 CAPITALI/IC ,AM]ICA1 ! R5EGADE ,I4 ,W4 ,W4'S LIV+ 9 COM=T & SAFETY 9 ,MOSC[ MALIGN$ & ATTACK$ !IR =M] COMRADES & S*EM$ TO DE/ROY !IR ORGANIZATION4 ,TOGE!R ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI !Y W]E GO+ TO C>RY \T ! JOB BEGUN BY ! ,AM]ICAN ,VIGILANTES & ! ,KU ,KLUX ,KLAN TO EXT]M9ATE ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,LES EXTREMES CE T\*5T4 

,:ILE ! ,COMMUNI/S W]E PASS+ ELOQU5T RESOLUTIONS ( PROTE/ AGA9/ ! IMPRISONM5T ( REVOLUTION>IES 9 =EIGN C\NTRIES1 ! ,AN>*I/S 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK PRISONS ( ,RUSSIA W]E BE+ DRIV5 TO DESP]ATION BY !IR LONG IMPRISONM5T )\T OPPORTUNITY = A HE>+ OR TRIAL4 ,TO =CE ! H& ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ! ,AN>*I/S 9C>C]AT$ 9 ! ,TAGANKA 7,MOSC[7 DECID$ ON A HUNG] /RIKE TO ! DEA?4 ,! ,FR5*1 ,SPANI%1 & ,ITALIAN ,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S1 :5 9=M$ ( ! SITUATION1 PROMIS$ TO RAISE ! QUE/ION AT AN E>LY SESSION ( ! ,LABOR ,CONGRESS4 ,SOME1 H[EV]1 SUGGE/$ ?AT ! ,GOV]NM5T BE FIR/ APPROA*$ ON ! MATT]4 ,!REUPON A ,DELEGATE ,COMMITTEE WAS *OS51 9CLUD+ ! WELL-KN[N ,5GLI% LABOR LEAD]1 ,TOM ,MANN1 TO CALL UPON ! ,LITTLE ,FA!R 9 ! ,KREML94 ,! ,COMMITTEE VISIT$ ,L594 ,! LATT] REFUS$ TO HAVE ! ,AN>*I/S RELEAS$ ON ! GR\ND ?AT 0!Y W]E TOO DANG]\S10 BUT ! F9AL RESULT ( ! 9T]VIEW WAS A PROMISE ?AT !Y W\LD BE P]MITT$ TO LEAVE ,RUSSIA2 %\LD !Y1 H[EV]1 RETURN )\T P]MISSION1 !Y W\LD BE %OT4 ,! NEXT DAY ,L59'S PROMISE WAS SUB/ANTIAT$ BY A LETT] ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 SIGN$ BY ,TROTSKY1 REIT]AT+ :AT ,L59 HAD SAID4 ,NATURALLY ! ?REAT ( %OOT+ WAS OMITT$ 9 ! (FICIAL LETT]4 

,! HUNG] /RIK]S 9 ! ,TAGANKA ACCEPT$ ! CONDITIONS ( DEPORTATION4 ,!Y HAD = YE>S F\<T & BL$ = ! ,REVOLUTION & N[ !Y W]E COMPELL$ TO BECOME ,AHASU]USES 9 =EIGN L&S OR SUFF] SL[ M5TAL & PHYSICAL DEA? 9 ,BOL%EVIK DUNGEONS4 ,! ,MOSC[ ,AN>*I/ GR\PS *OSE ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN & ,A4 ,%APIRO AS !IR REPRES5TATIVES ON ! ,DELEGATES' ,COMMITTEE TO >RANGE ) ! ,GOV]NM5T ! CONDITIONS ( ! RELEASE & DEPORTATION ( ! IMPRISON$ ,AN>*I/S4 

,9 VIEW ( ?IS SETTLEM5T ( ! MATT] ! 9T5TION ( A PUBLIC PROTE/ AT ! ,CONGRESS WAS AB&ON$ BY ! DELEGATES4 ,GREAT WAS !IR AMAZEM5T :51 JU/ BE=E ! CLOSE ( ! ,CONGRESS1 ,BUKH>9-9 ! NAME ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY-LAUN*$ 9TO A SCURRIL\S ATTACK ON ! ,AN>*I/S4 

,SOME ( ! =EIGN DELEGATES1 \TRAG$ BY ! DI%ONORABLE PROCE$+1 DEM&$ AN OPPORTUNITY TO REPLY4 ,?AT DEM& WAS F9ALLY GRANT$ TO A REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,FR5* DELEGATION AFT] ,*AIRMAN ,LOZOVSKY HAD EXHAU/$ EV]Y DEMAGOGIC TRICK 9 A VA9 ATTEMPT TO SIL5CE ! DISS5T]S4 

,AT NO TIME DUR+ ! PROTRACT$ NEGOTIATIONS ON BEHALF ( ! IMPRISON$ ,AN>*I/S & ! LA/ DISGRACEFUL PROCE$+S AT ! ,R$ ,TRADE ,UNION ,CONGRESS DID ! ,AM]ICAN ,COMMUNI/ DELEGATES MAKE A PROTE/4 ,L\DLY !Y HAD %\T$ = POLITICAL AMNE/Y 9 ,AM]ICA1 BUT NOT A WORD HAD !Y TO SAY 9 FAVOR ( ! LIB]ATION ( ! POLITICALS 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,ONE ( ! GR\P1 APPROA*$ ON BEHALF ( ! HUNG] /RIK]S1 EXCLAIM$3 0,:AT >E A FEW LIVES OR EV5 A FEW HUNDR$ ( !M AS AGA9/ ! ,REVOLUTION60 ,TO SU* ,COMMUNI/ M9DS ! ,REVOLUTION HAD NO BE>+ ON JU/ICE & HUMANITY4 

,9 ! FACE ( ABJECT WANT1 ) M51 WOM51 & *ILDR5 HUNGRILY WAT*+ ! :ITE BREAD BAK$ = ! ,LUXE ,HOTEL 9 ITS ADJO9+ BAK]Y1 ONE ( ! ,AM]ICAN FRAT]NAL DELEGATES WROTE TO A PUBLICATION AT HOME ?AT 0 ! WORK]S 9 ,RUSSIA CONTROL ! 9DU/RIES & >E DIRECT+ ! AFFAIRS ( ! C\NTRY2 !Y GET EV]Y?+ FREE & NE$ NO MONEY40 ,?IS NOBLE DELEGATE LIV$ 9 ! PALATIAL HOME ( ! =M] ,SUG> ,K+ ( ,RUSSIA & 5JOY$ ALSO ! HOSPITALITY ( ! ,LUXE4 ,HE 9DE$ NE$$ NO MONEY4 ,BUT HE KNEW ?AT ! WORK]S LACK$ EV5 ! BASIC NECESSITIES & ?AT )\T MONEY !Y W]E AS HELPLESS 9 ,RUSSIA AS 9 ANY O!R C\NTRY1 ! WEEK'S PAYOK NOT BE+ SUFFICI5T = TWO DAYS' EXI/5CE4 ,ANO!R DELEGATE PUBLI%$ GL[+ ACC\NTS DWELL+ ON ! ABS5CE ( PRO/ITUTION & CRIME 9 ,MOSC[4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! ,T*EKA WAS DAILY EXECUT+ HOLDUP-M51 & ON ! ,TV]SKAYA & ! ,PU%K9 ,B\LEV>D1 NE> ! ,LUXE ,HOTEL1 /REET WOM5 MOBB$ ! DELEGATES ) !IR ATT5TIONS4 ,!IR BE/ CU/OM]S W]E ! V]Y DELEGATES :O WAX$ SO 5?USIA/IC AB\T ! WOND]S ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME4 

,! ,BOL%EVIKI REALIZ$ ! VALUE ( SU* *AMPIONS & APPRECIAT$ !IR S]VICES4 ,!Y S5T !M =? 9TO ! WORLD G5]\SLY EQUIPP$ 9 EV]Y S5SE1 TO P]PETUATE ! MON/R\S DELUSION ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI & ! ,REVOLUTION >E ID5TICAL & ?AT ! WORK]S HAVE COME 9TO !IR [N 0 UND] ! PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP40 ,WOE TO ?OSE :O D>E TO TE> ! MASK FROM ! LY+ FACE4 ,9 ,RUSSIA !Y >E PUT AGA9/ ! WALL1 EXIL$ TO SL[ DEA? 9 FAM9E DI/RICTS1 OR BANI%$ FROM ! C\NTRY4 ,9 ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA SU* H]ETICS >E DRAGG$ ?R\< ! MIRE & MORALLY LYN*$4 ,EV]Y:]E ! UNSCRUPUL\S TOOLS ( ! GREAT DIS9TEGRATOR1 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 SPREAD DI/RU/ & HATR$ 9 LABOR & RADICAL RANKS4 ,=M]LY IDEALS & 9TEGRITY W]E ! IMPULSE TO REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY4 ,SOCIAL MOVEM5TS W]E F\ND$ UPON ! 9N] NE$S ( EA* C\NTRY4 ,!Y W]E MA9TA9$ & SUPPORT$ BY ! 9T]E/ & ZEAL ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,N[ ALL ?IS IS CONDEMN$ AS WOR?LESS4 ,9/EAD ! GOLD5 RA9 ( ,MOSC[ IS DEP5D$ ON TO PRODUCE A RI* CROP ( ,COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATIONS & PUBLICATIONS4 ,EV5 UPRIS+S MAY BE ORGANIZ$ TO DECEIVE & MISLEAD ! PEOPLE AS TO ! QUALITY & /R5G? ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,9 REALITY1 EV]Y?+ IS BUILT ON A F\NDATION ?AT CRUMBLES TO PIECES ! MOM5T ,MOSC[ )DRAWS ITS F9ANCIAL SUPPORT4 

,DUR+ ! TWO ,CONGRESSES HELD 9 ,JULY1 #a#i#b#a1 ! FRI5DS & COMRADES ( ,M>IA ,SPIRIDONOVA CIRCULAT$ A MANIFE/O :I* HAD BE5 S5T BY !M TO ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & TO ! MA9 REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,GOV]NM5T1 CALL+ ATT5TION TO ! CONDITION ( ,SPIRIDONOVA & DEM&+ H] RELEASE = ! PURPOSE ( ADEQUATE M$ICAL TREATM5T & C>E4 

,A PROM95T =EIGN WOMAN DELEGATE TO ! ,?IRD ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS APPROA*$4 ,%E PROMIS$ TO SEE ,TROTSKY1 & LAT] IT WAS REPORT$ ?AT HE HAD SAID ?AT ,SPIRIDONOVA WAS 0/ILL TOO DANG]\S TO BE LIB]AT$40 ,IT WAS ONLY AFT] ACC\NTS ( H] CONDITION HAD APPE>$ 9 ! ,EUROPEAN ,SOCIALI/ PRESS ?AT %E WAS RELEAS$1 ON CONDITION ?AT %E RETURN TO PRISON ON H] RECOV]Y4 ,H] FRI5DS 9 :OSE C>E %E IS AT PRES5T FACE ! ALT]NATIVE ( LETT+ ,SPIRIDONOVA DIE OR TURN+ H] OV] TO ! ,T*EKA4 

O ,*APT] #i 3 ,$UCATION & ,CULTURE 
,M,Y ,F,U,R,!,R ,D,I,S,I,L,L,U,S,I,O,N,M,5,T ,9 ,R,U,S,S,I,A 

  
,BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& ,COMPANY2 #aibd 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I,X 

,$,U,C,A,T,I,O,N ,& ,C,U,L,T,U,R,E 

,! PR\DE/ CLAIMS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI >E $UCATION1 >T1 & CULTURE4 ,COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A LIT]ATURE & ,BOL%EVIK AG5TS AT HOME & ABROAD CON/ANTLY S+ ! PRAISES ( !SE GREAT A*IEVEM5TS4 

,TO ! CASUAL OBS]V] IT MAY 9DE$ APPE> ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI HAVE ACCOMPLI%$ WOND]S 9 ?IS FIELD4 ,!Y HAVE ORGANIZ$ MORE S*OOLS ?AN EXI/$ UND] ! ,CZ>1 & !Y HAVE MADE !M ACCESSIBLE TO ! MASSES4 ,?IS IS TRUE ( ! L>G] CITIES4 ,BUT 9 ! PROV9CES ! EXI/+ S*OOLS MET ! OPPOSITION ( ! LOCAL ,BOL%EVIKI1 :O CLOS$ MO/ ( !M ON ! ALLEG$ GR\ND ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITIES1 OR BECAUSE ( LACK ( ,COMMUNI/ TEA*]S4 ,:ILE1 !N1 9 ! L>GE C5T]S ! P]C5TAGE ( *ILDR5 ATT5D+ S*OOLS & ! NUMB] ( HI<] $UCATIONAL 9/ITUTIONS IS GREAT] ?AN 9 ! PA/1 ! SAME DOES NOT APPLY TO ! RE/ ( ,RUSSIA4 ,/ILL1 SO F> AS QUANTITY IS CONC]N$1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI DES]VE CR$IT = !IR $UCATIONAL WORK & ! G5]AL DIFFUSION ( $UCATION4 

,9 ! CASE ( ! !AT]S NO RES]VATIONS HAVE BE5 MADE4 ,ALL W]E P]MITT$ TO CONT9UE !IR P]=MANCES :5 FACTORIES W]E %UT D[N = WANT ( FUEL4 ,! OP]A1 BALLET1 & ,LUNA*>SKY'S PLAYS W]E ELABORATELY /AG$1 & ! ,PROLETCULT--ORGANIZ$ TO ADVANCE PROLET>IAN CULTURE-WAS G5]\SLY SUBSIDIZ$ EV5 :5 ! FAM9E WAS AT ITS HEI<T4 ,IT IS ALSO TRUE ?AT ! ,GOV]NM5T PR9T+ PRESSES W]E KEPT BUSY DAY & NI<T MANUFACTUR+ PROPAG&A LIT]ATURE & ISSU+ ! OLD CLASSICS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! IMAGI/S & FUTURI/S GA!R$ UNMOLE/$ 9 ,CAFE ,DOM9O & O!R PLACES4 ,! PALACES & MUSEUMS W]E KEPT UP 9 ADMIRABLE CONDITION4 ,9 ANY O!R />V$1 BLOCKAD$1 & ATTACK$ C\NTRY ALL ?IS W\LD HAVE BE5 A V]Y COMM5DABLE %[+4 

,9 ,RUSSIA1 H[EV]1 TWO REVOLUTIONS HAD TAK5 PLACE4 ,TO BE SURE1 ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION WAS NOT F>-REA*+4 ,/ILL1 IT BR\<T AB\T POLITICAL *ANGES )\T :I* !RE MI<T NOT HAVE BE5 AN ,OCTOB]4 ,IT ALSO RELEAS$ GREAT CULTURAL =CES FROM ! PRISONS & ,SIB]IAA VALUABLE ELEM5T )\T :I* ! $UCATIONAL WORK ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 UND]TAK54 

,IT WAS ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION :I* /RUCK DEEPE/ 9TO ! VITALS ( ,RUSSIA4 ,IT UPROOT$ ! OLD VALUES & CLE>$ ! GR\ND = NEW CONCEPTIONS & =MS ( LIFE4 ,9ASMU* AS ! ,BOL%EVIKI BECAME ! SOLE M$IUM ( >TICULAT+ & 9T]PRET+ ! PROMISE ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! E>NE/ /UD5T WILL NOT BE CONT5T M]ELY ) ! 9CREASE ( S*OOLS1 ! CONT9UATION ( ! BALLET1 OR ! GOOD CONDITION ( ! MUSEUMS4 ,HE WILL WANT TO KN[ :E!R $UCATION1 CULTURE1 & >T 9 ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA SYMBOLIZE ! SPIRIT ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 :E!R !Y S]VE TO QUICK5 ! IMAG9ATION & BROAD5 ! HORIZON2 ABOVE ALL1 :E!R !Y HAVE RELEAS$ & HELP$ TO APPLY ! LAT5T QUALITIES ( ! MASSES4 

,CRITICAL 9QUIRY 9 ,RUSSIA IS A DANG]\S ?+4 ,NO WOND] SO MANY NEWCOM]S AVOID$ LOOK+ B5EA? ! SURFACE4 ,TO !M IT WAS 5\< ?AT ! ,MONTESSORI SY/EM1 ! $UCATIONAL IDEAS ( ,PR(ESSOR ,DEWEY1 & DANC+ BY ! ,DALCROZE ME?OD HAVE BE5 0ADOPT$0 BY ,RUSSIA4 ,I DO NOT CONT5D AGA9/ !SE 9NOVATIONS4 ,BUT ,I 9SI/ ?AT !Y HAVE NO BE>+ :ATEV] ON ! ,REVOLUTION2 !Y DO NOT PROVE ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK $UCATIONAL EXP]IM5T IS SUP]IOR TO SIMIL> EF=TS 9 O!R C\NTRIES1 :]E !Y HAVE BE5 A*IEV$ )\T A REVOLUTION & ! T]RIBLE PRICE IT 9VOLVES4 

,/ATE MONOPOLY ( ?\<T IS EV]Y:]E 9T]PRET+ $UCATION TO SUIT ITS [N PURPOSE4 ,SIMIL>LY ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 TO :OM ! ,/ATE IS SUPREME1 USE $UCATION TO FUR!R !IR [N 5DS4 ,BUT :ILE ! MONOPOLY ( ?\<T 9 O!R C\NTRIES HAS NOT SUCCE$$ 9 5TIRELY *ECK+ ! SPIRIT ( FREE 9QUIRY & CRITICAL ANALYSIS1 ! 0PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP0 HAS COMPLETELY P>ALYZ$ EV]Y ATTEMPT AT 9DEP5D5T 9VE/IGATION4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ CRIT]ION IS DOM9ANT4 ,! LEA/ DIV]G5CE FROM (FICIAL DOGMA & OP9ION ON ! P>T ( TEA*]S1 $UCATORS1 OR PUPILS EXPOSES !M TO ! G5]AL *>GE ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 RESULT+ 9 DIS*>GE & EXPULSION1 IF NO?+ MORE DRA/IC4 

,9 A PREVI\S *APT] ,I HAVE M5TION$ ! CASE ( ! ,MOSC[ ,UNIV]SITY /UD5TS EXPELL$ & EXIL$ = PROTE/+ AGA9/ ,T*EKA VIOL5CE T[>D ! POLITICAL PRISON]S 9 ! ,BUTYRKI4 ,BUT IT WAS NOT ONLY SU* 0POLITICAL0 (F5SES ?AT W]E PUNI%$4 ,(F5SES ( A PURELY ACADEMIC NATURE W]E TREAT$ 9 ! SAME MANN]4 ,?US ! OBJECTION ( SOME PR(ESSORS TO ,COMMUNI/ 9T]F]5CE 9 ! ME?ODS ( 9/RUCTION WAS /]NLY SUPPRESS$4 ,TEA*]S & /UD5TS :O SUPPORT$ ! PR(ESSORS W]E SEV]ELY PUNI%$4 ,I KN[ A PR(ESSOR ( SOCIOLOGY & LIT]ATURE1 A BRILLIANT S*OL> & A ,REVOLUTIONI/1 :O WAS DIS*>G$ FROM ! ,MOSC[ ,UNIV]SITY BECAUSE1 AS AN ,AN>*I/1 HE 5C\RAG$ ! CRITICAL FACULTY ( HIS PUPILS4 ,HE IS BUT ONE 9/ANCE ( ! NUM]\S CASES ( NON-,COMMUNI/ 9TELLECTUALS :O1 UND] ONE PRETEXT OR ANO!R1 >E SY/EMATICALLY H\ND$ & F9ALLY ELIM9AT$ FROM ,BOL%EVIK 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ 0CELLS0 9 CONTROL ( EV]Y CLASSROOM HAVE CREAT$ AN ATMOSPH]E ( DI/RU/ & SUSPICION 9 :I* REAL $UCATION CANNOT ?RIVE4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI HAVE /RIV5 TO C>RY $UCATION & CULTURE 9TO ! ,R$ ,>MY & ! VILLAGES4 ,BUT H]E AGA9 ! SAME CONDITIONS PREVAIL4 ,COMMUNISM IS ! ,/ATE RELIGION &1 LIKE ALL RELIGIONS1 IT DISC\RAGES ! CRITICAL ATTITUDE & FR[NS UPON 9DEP5D5T 9QUIRY4 ,YET )\T ! CAPACITY = P>ALLELISM & OPPORTUNITY = V]IFICATION $UCATION IS VALUELESS4 

,! ,PROLETCULT IS ! PET *ILD ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,LIKE MO/ P>5TS1 !Y CLAIM = !IR (FSPR+ EXTRAORD9>Y TAL5TS4 ,!Y HOLD IT UP AS ! GREAT G5IUS :O IS DE/9$ TO 5RI* ! WORLD ) NEW VALUES4 ,H5CE=? ! MASSES %ALL NO LONG] DR9K FROM ! POISON\S WELL ( B\RGEOIS CULTURE4 ,\T ( !IR [N CREATIVE IMPULSE & ?R\< !IR [N EF=TS ! PROLET>IAT %ALL BR+ =? GREAT TREASURES 9 LIT]ATURE1 >T1 & MUSIC4 ,BUT LIKE MO/ *ILD PRODIGIES1 ! ,PROLETCULT DID NOT LIVE UP TO ITS E>LY PROMISE4 ,BE=E LONG IT PROV$ ITSELF BEL[ ! AV]AGE1 9CAPABLE ( 9NOVATION1 LACK+ ORIG9ALITY1 & )\T SU/A9+ P[]4 ,ALREADY 9 #aib ,I WAS TOLD BY TWO ( ! =EMO/ FO/]-FA!RS ( ! ,PROLETCULT1 ,GORKI & ,LUNA*>SKY1 ?AT IT WAS A FAILURE4 

,9 ,PETROGRAD1 ,MOSC[1 & ?R\<\T MY TRAVELS ,I HAD OCCASION TO /UDY ! EF=TS ( ! ,PROLETCULT4 ,:E!R EXPRESS$ 9 PR9T$ =M1 ON ! /AGE1 9 CLAY OR COLOR1 !Y W]E B>R5 ( IDEAS OR VISION1 & %[$ NOT A TRACE ( ! 9N] URGE :I* IMPELS CREATIVE >T4 ,!Y W]E HOPELESSLY COMMONPLACE4 ,I DO NOT D\BT ?AT ! MASSES WILL SOME DAY CREATE A NEW CULTURE1 NEW >T VALUES1 NEW =MS ( BEAUTY4 ,BUT !SE WILL COME TO LIFE FROM ! 9N] NECESSITY ( ! PEOPLE !MSELVES1 & NOT ?R\< AN >BITR>Y WILL IMPOS$ UPON !M4 

,! ME*ANI/IC APPROA* TO >T & CULTURE  & ! IDEE FIXE ?AT NO?+ MU/ EXPRESS ITSELF \TSIDE ( ! *ANNELS ( ! ,/ATE HAVE /ULTIFI$ ! CULTURAL & >TI/IC EXPRESSION ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE4 ,9 POETRY & LIT]ATURE1 9 DRAMA1 PA9T+1 & MUSIC NOT A S+LE EPIC ( ! ,REVOLUTION HAS BE5 PRODUC$ DUR+ FIVE YE>S4 ,?IS IS ! MORE REM>KABLE :5 ONE BE>S 9 M9D H[ RI* ,RUSSIA WAS 9 WORKS ( >T & H[ CLOSE H] WRIT]S & POETS W]E TO ! S\L ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE4 ,YET 9 ! GREATE/ UPHEAVAL 9 ! WORLD'S HI/ORY NO ONE HAS COME =W>D ) P5 OR BRU% OR LYRE TO GIVE >TI/IC EXPRESSION TO ! MIRACLE OR TO SET TO MUSIC ! /ORM ?AT C>RI$ ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE =W>D4 ,WORKS ( >T1 LIKE NEW-BORN MAN1 COME 9 PA9 & TRAVAIL4 ,V]ILY ! FIVE YE>S ( ,REVOLUTION %\LD HAVE PROV$ V]Y RI* SPIRITUALLY & CREATIVELY4 ,= 9 ?OSE YE>S ! S\L ( ,RUSSIA HAS GONE ?R\< A ?\S& CRUCIFIXIONS4 ,YET 9 ?IS REG>D ,RUSSIA WAS NEV] BE=E SO POOR & DESOLATE4 

,! ,BOL%EVIKI CLAIM ?AT A REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD IS NOT CONDUCIVE TO CREATIVE >T4 ,?AT CONT5TION IS NOT BORNE \T BY ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 ,TO M5TION ONLY ! ,M>SEILLAISE1 ! GREAT MUSIC ( :I* LIVES & WILL LIVE4 ,! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION WAS RI* 9 SPIRITUAL  EF=T1 9 POETRY1 PA9T+1 SCI5CE1 & 9 ITS GREAT LIT]ATURE & LETT]S4 ,BUT1 !N1 ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION WAS NEV] SO COMPLETELY 9 ! BONDAGE ( ONE DOGMATIC IDEA AS HAS BE5 ! CASE ) ,RUSSIA4 ,! ,JACOB9S 9DE$ /ROVE H>D TO FETT] ! SPIRIT ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION & !Y PAID DE>LY = IT4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKI HAVE BE5 COPY+ ! DE/RUCTIVE PHASES ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 ,BUT !Y HAVE DONE NO?+ ?AT CAN COMP>E ) ! CON/RUCTIVE A*IEVEM5TS ( ?AT P]IOD4 

,I HAVE SAID ?AT NO?+ \T/&+ HAS BE5 CREAT$ 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,TO BE EXACT1 ,I MU/ EXCEPT ! GREAT REVOLUTION>Y POEM1 0,TWELVE10 BY ,ALEX&] ,BLOK4 ,BUT EV5 ?AT GIFT$ G5IUS1 DEEPLY 9SPIR$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION1 & IMBU$ ) ! FIRE ?AT HAD COME TO PURIFY ALL LIFE1 SOON CEAS$ TO CREATE4 ,HIS EXP]I5CE ) ! ,T*EKA 7HE WAS >RE/$ 9 #a#i#a#i71 ! T]RORISM ALL AB\T HIM1 ! S5SELESS WA/E ( LIFE & 5]GY1 ! SUFF]+ & HOPELESSNESS ( IT ALL DEPRESS$ HIS SPIRIT & BROKE HIS HEAL?4 ,SOON ,ALEX&] ,BLOK WAS NO MORE4 

,EV5 A ,BLOK C\LD NOT CREATE ) AN IRON B& COMPRESS+ HIS BRA9-! IRON B& ( ,BOL%EVIK DI/RU/1 P]SECUTION1 & C5SOR%IP4 ,H[ F>-REA*+ ! LATT] WAS ,I REALIZ$ FROM  A DOCUM5T ! ,MUSEUM ,EXP$ITION HAD DISCOV]$ 9 ,VOLOGDA4 ,IT WAS A 0V]Y CONFID5TIAL1 SECRET0 ORD] ISSU$ 9 #aib & SIGN$ BY ,ULYANOVA1 ! SI/] ( ,L59 & *IEF ( ! ,C5TRAL ,$UCATIONAL ,DEP>TM5T4 ,IT DIRECT$ ! LIBR>IES ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA TO 0ELIM9ATE ALL NON-,COMMUNI/ LIT]ATURE1 EXCEPT ! ,BIBLE1 ! ,KORAN1 & ! CLASSICS1 9CLUD+ EV5 ,COMMUNI/IC WRIT+S DEAL+ ) PROBLEMS :I* W]E BE+ 0SOLV$ 9 A DIFF]5T WAY0 BY ! EXI/+ REGIME4 ,! CONDEMN$ LIT]ATURE WAS TO BE S5T TO PAP] MILLS 0BECAUSE ( ! SC>CITY ( PAP]40 

,SU* $ICTS & ! ,/ATE MONOPOLY ( ALL MAT]IAL1 PR9T+ MA*9]Y1 & M$IUMS ( CIRCULATION EXCLUDE EV]Y POSSIBILITY ( ! BIR? ( CREATIVE WORK4 ,! $ITOR ( A LITTLE COOP]ATIVE PAP] PUBLI%$ A BRILLIANT POEM1 UNSIGN$4 ,IT WAS ! CRY ( A TORTUR$ POET'S S\L 9 PROTE/ AGA9/ ! CONT9U$ T]ROR4 ,! $ITOR WAS PROMPTLY >RE/$ & HIS LITTLE %OP CLOS$4 ,! AU?OR W\LD PROBABLY HAVE BE5 %OT HAD HIS :]EAB\TS BE5 KN[N4 ,NO D\BT !RE >E MANY AGONIZ$ CRIES 9 ,RUSSIA1 BUT !Y >E MUFFL$ CRIES4 ,NO ONE MAY HE> !M OR 9T]PRET !IR MEAN+4 ,! FUTURE ALONE HAS ! KEY TO ! CULTURAL & >TI/IC TREASURES N[ HIDD5 FROM ! ,>GUS EYES ( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,$UCATION & ! NUM]\S O!R C5SORIAL 9/ITUTIONS4 

,RUSSIA IS N[ ! DUMP+ GR\ND = M$IOCRITIES 9 >T & CULTURE4 ,!Y FIT 
9TO ! N>R[ GROOVE1 !Y DANCE ATT5DANCE ON ! ALLP[]FUL POLITICAL 
COMMISS>S4 ,!Y LIVE 9 ! ,KREML9 & SKIM ! CREAM ( LIFE1 :ILE ! REAL 
POETS--LIKE ,BLOK & O!RS--DIE ( WANT & DESPAIR4 

,! VOID 9 LIT]ATURE1 POETRY1 & >T IS FELT MO/ 9 ! !AT]S1 ! ,/ATE !AT]S ESPECIALLY4 ,I ONCE SAT ?R\< FIVE H\RS ( ACT+ 9 ! ,ALEX&ROVSKY ,!AT] 9 ,PETROGRAD :5 0,O!LLO0 WAS /AG$1 ) ,&REYEVA1 ,GORKI'S WIFE1 AS ,DESDEMONA4 ,IT IS H>D TO IMAG9E A PLAY MORE ATROCI\SLY PRES5T$4 ,I SAW MO/ ( ! O!R PLAYS 9 ! ,/ATE !AT] & NOT ONE ( !M GAVE ANY H9T ( ! E>?QUAKE ?AT HAD %AK5 ,RUSSIA4 ,!RE WAS NO NEW NOTE 9 9T]PRETATION1 SC5]Y1 OR ME?OD4 ,IT WAS ALL COMMONPLACE & 9ADEQUATE1 9NOC5T EV5 ( ! ADVANCEM5T MADE 9 DRAMATIC >T 9 B\RGEOIS C\NTRIES1 & UTT]LY 9CONSEQU5TIAL 9 ! LI<T ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,! ONLY EXCEPTION WAS ! ,MOSC[ ,>T ,!AT]4 ,ITS P]=MANCE ( ,GORKI'S 0,NI<T'S  ,LODG+0 WAS ESPECIALLY P[]FUL4 ,REAL >T WAS ALSO PRES5T$ 9 ! ,/ANISLAVSKY ,/UDIO4 ,!SE W]E ! ONLY OASES 9 !->T DES]T ( ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT EV5 ! ,>T ,!AT] %[$ NO TRACE ( ! GREAT REVOLUTION>Y EV5TS ,RUSSIA WAS LIV+ ?R\<4 ,! REP]TOIRE :I* HAD MADE ! ,>T ,!AT] FAM\S A QU>T] ( A C5TURY BE=E /ILL CONT9U$ NI<T AFT] NI<T4 ,!RE W]E NO NEW ,IBS5S1 ,TOL/OIS1 OR ,T*EKOVS TO ?UND] !IR PROTE/ AGA9/ ! NEW EVILS1 & IF !RE HAD BE51 NO !AT] C\LD HAVE /AG$ !M4 ,IT WAS SAF] TO 9T]PRET ! PA/ ?AN TO VOICE ! PRES5T4 ,YET1 ?\< ! ,>T ,!AT] KEPT /RICTLY )9 ! PA/1 ,/ANISLAVSKY WAS (T5 9 DIFFICULTIES ) ! AU?ORITIES4 ,HE HAD SUFF]$ >RE/ & WAS ONCE EVICT$ FROM HIS /UDIO4 ,HE HAD JU/ MOV$ 9TO A NEW PLACE :5 ,I VISIT$ HIM ) ,L\ISE ,BRYANT :O HAD ASK$ ME TO ACT AS H] 9T]PRET]4 ,/ANISLAVSKY LOOK$ =LORN & DISC\RAG$ AMONG HIS /ILL UNPACK$ BOXES ( /AGE PROP]TY4 ,I SAW HIM ALSO ON SEV]AL O!R OCCASIONS & F\ND HIM ALMO/ HOPELESS AB\T ! FUTURE ( ! !AT] 9 ,RUSSIA4 0,! !AT] CAN GR[ ONLY ?R\< 9SPIRATION FROM NEW WORKS ( >T10 HE W\LD SAY2 0)\T IT ! 9T]PRETIVE >TI/ MU/ /AGNATE & ! !AT]  DET]IORATE40 ,BUT ,/ANISLAVSKY HIMSELF WAS TOP MU* ! CREATIVE >TI/ TO /AGNATE44 ,HE S\<T O!R =MS  
( 9T]PRETATION4 ,HIS NEWE/ V5TURE WAS AN ATTEMPT TO BR+ S++ & DRAMATIC ACT+ 9TO COOP]ATIVE H>MONY4 ,I ATT5D$ A DRESS REHE>SAL ( SU* A P]=MANCE & F\ND IT V]Y IMPRESSIVE4 ,! EFFECT ( ! VOICE WAS GREATLY 5HANC$ BY ! REALI/IC F9ESSE :I* ,/ANISLAVSKY A*IEV$ 9 DRAMATIC >T4 ,BUT !SE EF=TS W]E 5TIRELY ! WORK ( HIMSELF & HIS LITTLE CIRCLE ( >T /UD5TS2 !Y HAD NO?+ TO DO ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI ( ! ,PROLETCULT4 

,!RE >E SOME O!R 9NOVATIONS1 BEGUN LONG BE=E ! ADV5T ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI & P]MITT$ BY !M TO CONT9UE BECAUSE !Y HAVE NO BE>+ ON ! ,RUSSIAN ACTUALITY4 ,! ,KAM]NEY ,!AT] REGI/]S ITS REVOLT AGA9/ ! IMPOSITION ( ! PLAY UPON ! ACT+1 AGA9/ ! LIMITATION ( EXPRESSION 9VOLV$ 9 ! OR?ODOX 9T]PRETATION ( DRAMATIC >T4 ,IT A*IEVES NOTEWOR?Y RESULTS BY ! NEW MODE ( ACT+1 COMPLEM5T$ BY ORIG9AL SC5]Y & MUSIC1 BUT MO/LY 9 PLAYS ( A LI<T] G5RE4 

,ANO!R UNIQUE ATTEMPT IS ESSAY$ BY ! ,SEMP]ANTE ,!AT]4 ,IT IS BAS$ ON ! CONCEPTION ?AT ! WRITT5 DRAMA *ECKS !  GR[? & DIV]SITY ( ! 9T]PRETIVE >TI/4 ,PLAYS %\LD !RE=E BE IMPROVIS$1 !REBY AF=D+ GREAT] SCOPE TO SPONTANEITY1 9SPIRATION1 & MOOD ( ! >TI/4 ,IT IS A NOVEL EXP]IM5T1 BUT AS ! IMPROVIS$ PLAYS MU/ ALSO KEEP )9 ! LIMITS ( ! ,/ATE C5SOR%IP1 ! WORK ( ! ,SEMP]ANTI/S SUFF]S FROM A LACK ( IDEAS4 

,! MO/ 9T]E/+ CULTURAL 5DEAVOR ,I MET 9 ,KIEV WAS ! WORK ( ! ,JEWI% ,KULTURLIGA4 ,ITS NUCLEUS WAS ORGANIZ$ 9 #aiah TO M9I/] TO ! NE$S ( POGROM VICTIMS4 ,!Y HAD TO BE PROVID$ =1 %ELT]$1 F$1 & CLO!D4 ,Y\NG ,JEWI% LIT]>Y M5 & AN ABLE ORGANIZ] BR\<T ! ,KULTURLIGA TO LIFE4 ,!Y DID NOT CONT5T !MSELVES ) M9I/]+ ONLY TO ! PHYSICAL NE$S ( ! UN=TUNATES4 ,!Y ORGANIZ$ *ILDR5'S HOMES1 PUBLIC S*OOLS1 HI< S*OOLS1 EV5+ CLASSES2 LAT] A SEM9>Y & >T S*OOL W]E ADD$4 ,:5 WE VISIT$ ,KIEV ! ,KULTURLIGA [N$ A PR9T+ PLANT & A /UDIO1 BESIDES ITS O!R $UCATIONAL 9/ITUTIONS1 & HAD SUCCE$$ 9 ORGANIZ+ #bc BRAN*ES 9 ! ,UKRA9A4 ,AT A LIT]>Y EV5+ & A SPECIAL P]=MANCE >RANG$ 9 HONOR ( ! ,EXP$ITION WE W]E ABLE TO WITNESS ! EXTRAORD9>Y A*IEVEM5TS ( !1 ,KULTURLIGA4 

,AT ! LIT]>Y EV5+ ,P]EZ'S POEM 0,! ,F\R ,SEASONS0 WAS R5D]$ BY RECITATIVE GR\P S++4 ,! EFFECT WAS /RIK+4 ,NATURE AT ! BIR? ( SPR+1 BIRDS S5D+ =? !IR JOY\S SONG ( LOVE1 ! MY/]Y & ROMANCE ( MAT+1 ! EC/ASY ( R5EW+ & BECOM+1 ! RUMBL+ ( ! APPROA*+ /ORM1 ! CRA% ( ! MI<TY GIANTS /RUCK BY LI<TN+1 RA9 S(TLY FALL+1 ! LEAVES FLUTT]+ TO E>?1 ! SOMB]NESS & PA?OS ( AUTUMN1 ! LA/ DESP]ATE RESI/ANCE ( ,NATURE AGA9/ DEA?1 ! TREES %R\D$ 9 :ITE-ALL W]E MADE VIVID & ALIVE BY ! NEW =M ( COLLECTIVE RECITATIVE4 ,EV]Y NUANCE ( ,NATURE WAS BR\<T \T BY ! GR\P ( >TI/S ON ! IMPROVIS$ LITTLE /AGE ( ! ,KULTURLIGA4 

,! NEXT DAY WE VISIT$ ! >T S*OOL4 ,! *ILDR5'S CLASSES W]E ! MORE 9T]E/+4 ,!RE WAS NO DISCIPL9E1 NO RIGID RULES1 NO ME*ANI/IC CONTROL ( !IR >T IMPULSES4 ,! *ILDR5 DID DRAW+1 PA9T+1 & MODEL+ -MO/LY ,JEWI% MOTIFS3 A POGROM$ CITY1 BY A BOY ( F\RTE52 A DEV\T ,JEW 9 HIS TALES PRAY+ 9 ! SYNAGOGUE1 MORTAL FE> ( ! POGROM SAVAGES WRITT5 9 HIS EV]Y FEATURE2 AN OLD ,JEWI% WOMAN1 ! TRAGIC REMNANT ( A :OLE FAMILY SLAU<T]$2 & SIMIL> SC5ES FROM !  LIFE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,JEW4 ,! EF=TS W]E (T5 CRUDE1 BUT !RE WAS AB\T !M NO?+ ( ! /ILT$ MANN] *>ACT]I/IC ( ! ,PROLETCULT4 ,!RE WAS NO ATTEMPT TO IMPOSE A DEF9ITE =MULA ON >T EXPRESSION4 

,LAT] WE ATT5D$ ! /UDIO4 ,9 A B>E ROOM4 )\T SC5]Y1 LI<T+1 CO/UMES1 OR MAKE-UP1 ! >TI/S ( ! ,KULTURLIGA GAVE SEV]AL ONE-ACT PLAYS & PRES5T$ ALSO AN UNPUBLI%$ WORK F\ND AMONG ! EFFECTS ( A PLAYWRI<T4 ,! P]=MANCE HAD AN >TI/IC T\* & F9I% ,I HAD R>ELY SE5 BE=E4 ,! PLAY IS CALL$ 0,! ,5D ( ! ,WORLD40 ,! WRA? ( ,GOD ROLLS LIKE ?UND] ACROSS ! WORLD1 COMM&+ MAN TO PREP>E = ! 5D4 ,YET MAN HE$S NOT4 ,!N ALL ! ELEM5TS >E LET LOOSE1 PURSU+ ONE ANO!R 9 WILD FURY2 ! /ORM RAGES & %RIEKS1 & MAN'S GROANS >E DR[N$ 9 ! T]RIFIC H\R ( JUDGM5T4 ,! WORLD GOES UND]1 & ALL IS DEAD4 

,!N SOME?+ BEG9S TO MOVE AGA94 ,BLACK %AD[S SYMBOLIZ+ HALF BEA/1 HALF MAN1 ) DI/ORT$ FACES & HESITAT+ MOVEM5TS1 CR\* \T ( !IR CAVES4 ,9 AWE & FE> !Y /RET* !IR TREMBL+ H&S T[>D ONE ANO!R4 ,HALT+LY AT FIR/1 !N ) GR[+ CONFID5CE1 MAN ATTEMPTS 9 COMMON EF=T ) HIS FOLL[S TO LIFT  HIMSELF \T ( ! BLACK VOID4 ,LI<T BEG9S TO BREAK4 ,AGA9 A ?UND]\S VOICE ROLLS OV] ! E>?4 ,IT IS ! VOICE ( FULFILLM5T4 

,IT WAS A /IRR+ >TI/IC A*IEVEM5T4 

,:5 ! ,LIGA WAS FIR/ ORGANIZ$ ! ,BOL%EVIKI SUBSIDIZ$ ITS WORK4 ,LAT]1 :5 !Y RETURN$ TO ,KIEV AFT] ITS EVACUATION BY ,D5IK91 !Y GAVE V]Y SCANTY SUPPORT TO ! $UCATIONAL 9/ITUTIONS ( ! ,KULTURLIGA4 ,?IS UNFRI5DLY ATTITUDE WAS DUE TO ! ,YEVKOM1 ! ,JEWI% ,COMMUNI/ ,SECTION1 :I* 9TRIGUES AGA9/ EV]Y 9DEP5D5T ,JEWI% CULTURAL 5DEAVOR4 ,:5 WE LEFT ,KIEV ! >D5T WORK]S ( ! ,LIGA W]E MU* WORRI$ AB\T ! FUTURE ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,I AM NOT 9 A POSITION TO SAY AT ?IS WRIT+ :E!R ! ,LIGA WAS ABLE TO CONT9UE ITS WORK OR WAS CLOS$ ALTOGE!R4 ,H[EV]1 LAUDABLE AS W]E ! 9NOVATIONS ( ! ,KULTURLIGA & ! ATTEMPTS ( ! ,KAM]NEY & ,SEMP]ANTE AT NEW MODES ( EXPRESSION1 !Y C\LD NOT BE CONSID]$ AS HAV+ ANY BE>+ ON ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,/ATE SUPPORT TO SO-CALL$ >T IS GIV5 MO/LY TO ,LUNA*>SKY'S DRAMATIC V5TURES & O!R ,COMMUNI/ 9T]PRETATIONS ( CULTURE4 ,:5 ,I FIR/ MET ,LUNA*>SKY ,I ?\<T HIM MU* LESS ! POLITICIAN ?AN ! >TI/4 ,I HE>D HIM LECTURE AT ! ,SV]DLOV ,UNIV]SITY BE=E A L>GE AUDI5CE ( WORK+M5 & WOM51 POPUL>IZ+ ! ORIG9 & DEVELOPM5T ( >T4 ,IT WAS DONE SPL5DIDLY4 ,:5 ,I MET HIM AGA9 HE WAS SO ?OR\<LY 9 ! ME%ES ( ,P>TY DISCIPL9E & SO COMPLETELY %ORN ( HIS P[] ?AT EV]Y EF=T ( HIS WAS FRU/RAT$4 ,!N HE BEGAN TO WRITE PLAYS4 ,?AT WAS HIS UNDO+4 ,HE C\LD NOT EMPLOY ! MAT]IAL ( ! ACTUAL REALITY1 & ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION1 ,K]5SKY1 & ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY HAD ALREADY BE5 C>ICATUR$ TO A ?READ4 ,LUNA*>SKY TURN$ TO ! ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,HE WROTE 0,! ,SMI? & ! ,C\NCILOR10 A SORT ( BURLESQUE4 ,! PLAY IS SO AMATEURI% & COMMONPLACE ?AT NO !AT] \TSIDE ( ,RUSSIA W\LD HAVE C>$ TO PRES5T IT4 ,BUT ,LUNA*>SKY WAS 9 CONTROL ( ! !AT]S-:Y NOT EXPLOIT !M = HIS [N WORKS8 ,! PLAY WAS /AG$ AT GREAT CO/1 AT A TIME :5 MILLIONS ON ! ,VOLGA W]E />V+4 ,BUT EV5 ?AT C\LD HAVE BE5 =GIV5 IF ! PLAY HAD ANY MEAN+ OR CONTA9$ ANY?+ SUGGE/IVE ( ! TRAG$Y- ( ,RUSSIA4 ,9/EAD1 IT LACK$ ALL LIFE & WAS RI* ONLY 9 VULG> SC5ES PORTRAY+ ,LUD5DORFF1 ! R5EGADE ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,PRESID5T1 A DEG5]ATE >I/OCRAT1 & A PR9CESS ( !  
DEMIMONDE4 ,! DRUNK5 M5 FRANTICALLY SCRAMBLE = ! POSSESSION ( ! WOMAN1 LIT]ALLY TE>+ H] CLO?+ (F H] BACK4 ,A REVOLT+ SC5E1 YET 9 ! :OLE AUDI5CE ( TEA*]S & MEMB]S ( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,$UCATION NOT A S+LE PROTE/ WAS VOIC$ AGA9/ ! AFFRONT TO ! TA/E & 9TELLIG5CE ( REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y APPLAUD$ ! PLAYWRI<T1 = ?OSE SYCOPHANTS DEP5D$ ON ,LUNA*>SKY = !IR RATIONS4 ,!Y C\LD NOT AF=D TO BE CRITICAL4 

,VANITY & P[] BREAK ! /RONGE/ *>ACT]1 & ,LUNA*>SKY IS NOT /RONG4 ,IT IS HIS LACK ( WILL :I* MAKES HIM SUBMIT AGA9/ HIS BETT] JUDGM5T1 TO ! GALL+ DISCIPL9E & ESPIONAGE PLAC$ OV] HIM4 ,P]HAPS HE AV5GES HIMSELF BY =C+ UPON ! PUBLIC AT L>GE & ! ACTORS UND] HIS *>GE HIS DRAMATIC WORKS4 

,AFT] A C>EFUL ANALYSIS ( ! $UCATIONAL & CULTURAL EF=TS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI ! E>NE/ /UD5T WILL COME TO ! FOLL[+ CONCLUSIONS3 FIR/1 !RE IS QUANTITY RA!R ?AN SUB/ANCE 9 ! $UCATION ( ,RUSSIA TO-DAY2 SECONDLY1 ! !AT]S1 ! BALLET1 & ! MUSEUMS RECEIVE G5]\S SUPPORT FROM ! ,GOV]NM5T1 BUT ! REASON = IT IS NOT SO MU* LOVE ( >T AS ! NECESSITY ( F9D+ SOME \TLET = ! *ECK$ & /IFL$ ASPIRATIONS ( ! PEOPLE4  

,! POLITICAL DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI ) ONE /ROKE SUPPRESS$ ! SOCIAL PHASE ( LIFE 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,!RE WAS NO =UM EV5 = ! MO/ 9(F5SIVE SOCIAL 9T]C\RSE1 NO CLUBS1 NO MEET+ PLACES1 NO RE/AURANTS1 NOT EV5 A DANCE HALL4 ,I REMEMB] ! %OCK$ EXPRESSION ( ,ZOR9 :5 ,I ASK$ HIM IF ! Y\NG PEOPLE C\LD NOT OCCASIONALLY MEET = A DANCE FREE FROM ,COMMUNI/ SUP]VISION4 0,DANCE HALLS >E GA!R+ PLACES = C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S2 WE CLOS$ !M10 HE 9=M$ ME4 ,! EMOTIONAL & HUMAN NE$S ( ! PEOPLE W]E CONSID]$ DANG]\S TO ! REGIME4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! DREADFUL EXI/5CE--HUNG]1 COLD1 & D>KNESS--WAS SAPP+ ! LIFE ( ! PEOPLE4 ,GLOOM & DESPAIR BY DAY1 CONGE/ION1 LACK ( LI<T & HEAT AT NI<T1 & NO ESCAPE FROM IT ALL4 ,!RE WAS1 ( C\RSE1 ! POLITICAL LIFE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY-A LIFE /]N & =BIDD+1 A LIFE )\T COLOR OR W>M?4 ,! MASSES HAD NO CONTACT ) OR 9T]E/ 9 ?AT LIFE1 & !Y W]E NOT P]MITT$ TO HAVE ANY?+ ( !IR [N4 ,A PEOPLE BOTTL$ UP IS A M5ACE4 ,SOME \TLET HAD TO BE PROVID$1 SOME RELIEF FROM ! BLACK DESPAIR4 ,! !AT]1 ! OP]A1 & ! MUSEUM W]E ?AT RELIEF4 ,:AT IF ! !AT]S GAVE NO?+ NEW8 ,:AT  IF ! OP]A HAD BAD S++8 ,& ! BALLET CONT9U$ TO MOVE 9 ! OLD TOE CIRCLES8 ,! PLACES W]E W>M2 !Y HAD LI<T4 ,!Y FURNI%$ ! OPPORTUNITY = HUMAN ASSOCIATION & ONE C\LD =GET ! MIS]Y & LONEL9ESS--ONE MI<T EV5 =GET ! ,T*EKA4 ,! !AT]1 ! OP]A1 ! BALLET1 & ! MUSEUM BECAME ! SAFETY VALVE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME4 ,& AS ! !AT]S GAVE NO?+ ( PROTE/1 NO?+ NEW OR VITAL1 !Y W]E P]MITT$ TO CONT9UE4 ,!Y SOLV$ A GREAT & DIFFICULT PROBLEM & FURNI%$ EXCELL5T COPY = =EIGN PROPAG&A4 

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,EXPLOIT+ ! ,FAM9E 
,M,Y ,F,U,R,!,R ,D,I,S,I,L,L,U,S,I,O,N,M,5,T ,9 ,R,U,S,S,I,A 

,BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& ,COMPANY2 #aibd 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X 

,E,X,P,L,O,I,T,+ ,! ,F,A,M,9,E 

  

,LATE 9 ! SUMM] ( #aiba !RE CAME ! H>R[+ NEWS ( ! FAM9E4 ,TO ?OSE :O HAD KEPT 9 T\* ) 9N] AFFAIRS ! 9=MATION WAS NOT QUITE UNEXPECT$4 ,WE HAD LE>N$ DUR+ ! E>LY P>T ( ! SUMM] ?AT A L>GE PROPORTION ( ! POPULATION WAS DOOM$ TO DEA? FROM />VATION4 ,AT ?AT TIME A GR\P ( SCI5TIFIC AGRICULTURI/S HAD ASSEMBL$ 9 ,MOSC[4 ,!IR REPORT %[$ ?AT1 [+ TO BUREAUCRATIC C5TRALIZATION1 & CORRUPTION & DELAY 9 SE$ DI/RIBUTION1 TIMELY & SUFFICI5T S[+ HAD BE5 PREV5T$4 ,! ,SOVIET PRESS KEPT ! REPORT ( ! AGRICULTURAL CONF]5CE FROM ! PUBLIC4 ,BUT 9 ,JULY ITEMS BEGAN TO APPE> 9 ! ,PRAVDA & ! ,IZVE/IA TELL+ ( ! T]RIBLE DR\<T 9 ! ,VOLGA REGION & ! FE>FUL CONDITIONS 9 ! FAM9E-/RICK5 DI/RICTS4 

,IMM$IATELY V>I\S GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS CAME =W>D READY TO COOP]ATE ) ! ,GOV]NM5T 9 COP+ ) ! CALAMITY4 ,! ,LEFT ,W+ ELEM5TS-,AN>*I/S1 ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTIONI/S1 & ,MAXIMALI/S-(F]$ TO ORGANIZE RELIEF WORK & TO COLLECT FUNDS4 ,BUT !Y RECEIV$ NO 5C\RAGEM5T FROM ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITIES4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ELEM5TS ( ! ,RI<T1 ! ,CADETS 7,CON/ITUTIONAL ,DEMOCRATS71 W]E RECEIV$ ) OP5 >MS4 ,KI%K91 ,M9I/] ( ,F9ANCE UND] ,K]5SKY1 ,M,ME4 ,KUSKOVA1 ,PROKOPOVIT*1 & O!R PROM95T ,CONS]VATIVES1 :O HAD BITT]LY F\<T ! ,REVOLUTION1 W]E ACCEPT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,!SE PEOPLE HAD BE5 D5\NC$ AS C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S & REPEAT$LY >RE/$ & IMPRISON$1 YET !Y W]E GIV5 PREF]5CE & P]MITT$ TO ORGANIZE ! GR\P KN[N AS ! ,CITIZ5S' ,COMMITTEE4 ,:5 ! LATT] REFUS$ TO WORK UND] ! GU>DIAN%IP ( ! ,MOSC[ ,SOVIET1 9SI/+ UPON COMPLETE AUTONOMY & ! RI<T TO PUBLI% ITS [N PAP]1 ! ,GOV]NM5T CONS5T$4 ,SU* DISCRIM9ATION 9 FAVOR ( REACTION>IES AS AGA9/ ?OSE :O HAD FAI?FULLY /OOD BY ! ,REVOLUTION C\LD BE EXPLA9$ ONLY 9 TWO WAYS4 ,FIR/1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI CONSID]$ IT DANG]\S TO GRANT ! ,LEFT ELEM5TS FREE ACCESS TO ! PEASANTRY2 SECONDLY1 IT WAS NECESS>Y TO MAKE AN IMPRESSION ON ,EUROPE1 :I* C\LD BE EFFECTIVELY DONE BY MEANS ( ! CONS]VATIVE GR\P4 ,?IS BECAME CLE> BE=E ! ,CITIZ5S' ,COMMITTEE BEGAN ITS RELIEF WORK4 

,9 ! BEG9N+ ! ,COMMITTEE RECEIV$ ! 5TIRE SUPPORT ( ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,A SPECIAL BUILD+ WAS ASSIGN$ = ITS HEADQU>T]S & IT WAS GRANT$ ! RI<T TO ISSUE ITS [N PAP]1 CALL$ ,POMO%T* 7,SUCCOR74 ,MEMB]S ( ! ,COMMITTEE W]E ALSO PROMIS$ P]MISSION TO GO TO ,WE/]N ,EUROPE = ! PURPOSE ( >\S+ 9T]E/ & GETT+ SUPPORT = ! FAM9E /RICK54 ,TWO NUMB]S ( ! PAP] W]E ISSU$4 ,ITS APPE>ANCE CAUS$ SIGNIFICANT COMM5T3 IT WAS AN EXACT REPRODUCTION1 9 SIZE1 TYPE1 & G5]AL =M1 ( ! OLD ,VY$OMO/I1 ! MO/ REACTION>Y %EET UND] ! =M] REGIME4 ,! PUBLICATION WAS1 ( C\RSE1 V]Y GU>D$ 9 ITS TONE4 ,BUT BETWE5 ! L9ES ONE C\LD READ ITS ANTAGONISM TO ! RUL+ ,P>TY4 ,ITS FIR/ ISSUE CONTA9$ A LETT] FROM ! ,METROPOLITAN ,TIKHON1 :]E9 HE COMM&$ ! FAI?FUL TO S5D !IR CONTRIBUTIONS TO HIM4 ,HE ASSUR$ HIS FLOCK ?AT HE WAS TO HAVE COMPLETE CONTROL ( ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! DONATIONS4 ,! ,CITIZ5S' ,COMMITTEE WAS1 GIV5 C>TE BLAN*E 9 C>RY+ ON ITS WORK1 & ! FACT WAS H]ALD$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI AS PRO(  ( !IR LIB]ALITY & WILL+NESS TO COOP]ATE ) ALL ELEM5TS 9 FAM9E RELIEF4 

,PRES5TLY ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T 5T]$ 9TO AN AGREEM5T ) ! ,AM]ICAN ,RELIEF ,ADM9ISRATION & O!R ,EUROPEAN ORGANIZATIONS REG>D+ AID = ! ,VOLGA SUFF]]S1 & !N ! HEADQU>T]S ( ! ,CITIZ5S' ,COMMITTEE W]E RAID$1 ! PAP] SUPPRESS$1 & ! LEAD+ MEMB]S ( ! ,COMMITTEE ?R[N 9TO ! ,T*EKA ON ! USUAL *>GE ( C\NT]REVOLUTION4 ,N[ IT WAS REASONABLY C]TA9 ?AT ,MME4 ,KUSKOVA & H] C[ORK]S W]E NO MORE C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y :5 !Y W]E P]MITT$ TO ORGANIZE ,VOLGA RELIEF ?AN !Y HAD BE5 AT ANY TIME S9CE #a#i#a#g4 ,:Y1 !N1 DID ! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE ACCEPT !M :ILE REJECT+ ! ASSI/ANCE ( TRUE REVOLUTIONI/S8 ,= NO O!R REASON ?AN PROPAG&A PURPOSES4 ,:5 ! ,CITIZ5S' ,COMMITTEE HAD S]V$ ?AT PURPOSE IT WAS KICK$ OV]BO>D 9 TRUE ,BOL%EVIK FA%ION4 ,ONLY ONE P]SON ! ,T*EKA D>$ NOT T\*--,V]A ,NIKOLAYEVNA ,FIGN]1 ! V5]ABLE REVOLUTIONI/4 ,GREAT HUMANIT>IAN ?AT %E IS1 %E JO9$ ! ,CITIZ5S' ,COMMITTEE & DEVOT$ H]SELF TO ITS WORK ) ! SAME ZEAL ?AT HAD MADE H] SO EFFECTIVE AS ONE ( ! LEAD+ SPIRITS ( ! ,N>ODNAYA ,VOLYA4 ,TW5TY-TWO YE>S ( LIV+ DEA? 9 ,S*LUSSELBURG HAD FAIL$ TO DE/ROY H] >DOR4 ,:5 ! ,CITIZ5S' ,COMMITTEE WAS >RE/$1 ,V]A ,NIKOLAYEVNA DEM&$ TO %>E ! SAME FATE1 BUT ! ,T*EKA KNEW ! SPIRITUAL 9FLU5CE ( ?IS WOMAN 9 ,RUSSIA & ABROAD1 & %E WAS LEFT 9 PEACE4 ,! O!R MEMB]S ( ! ,CITIZ5S' ,COMMITTEE W]E KEPT 9 PRISON = A LONG TIME1 !N EXIL$ TO REMOTE P>TS ( ,RUSSIA & F9ALLY DEPORT$4 

,EXCEPT = ! =EIGN ORGANIZATIONS DO+ RELIEF WORK 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T C\LD N[ /& BE=E ! WORLD AS ! SOLE DISP5S] ( SUPPORT TO ! />V+ 9 ! FAM9E DI/RICT4 ,KAL991 ! M>IONETTE ,PRESID5T ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLIC1 EQUIPP$ ) MU* PROPAG&A LIT]ATURE & SURR\ND$ BY A L>GE /AFF ( ,SOVIET (FICIALS & =EIGN CORRESPOND5TS1 MADE HIS TRIUMPHAL M>* ?R\< ! /RICK5 T]RITORY4 ,IT WAS WIDELY H]ALD$ ?R\<\T ! WORLD1 & ! DESIR$ EFFECT WAS A*IEV$4 ,BUT ! REAL WORK 9 ! FAM9E REGION WAS C>RI$ ON NOT SO MU* BY ! (FICIAL MA*9E AS BY ! GREAT HO/ ( UNKN[N M5 & WOM5 FROM ! RANKS ( ! PROLET>IAT & ! 9TELLIG5TSIA4 ,MO/ DEVOT$LY & ) UTT] CONSECRATION !Y GAVE ( !IR [N DEPLET$ 5]GIES4 ,MANY ( !M P]I%$ FROM TYPHUS1 EXPOSURE1 & EX HAU/ION2 SOME W]E SLA9 BY ! P[] ( D>KNESS :I* N[1 EV5 MORE ?AN 9 ,TOL/OY'S TIME1 HOLDS MANY SECTIONS ( ,RUSSIA 9 ITS GRIP4 ,DOCTORS1 NURSES1 & RELIEF WORK]S W]E (T5 KILL$ BY ! UN=TUNATES !Y HAD COME TO AID1 AS EVIL SPIRITS :O HAD WILL$ ! FAM9E & ! MIS=TUNES ( ,RUSSIA4 ,!SE W]E ! REAL H]OES & M>TYRS1 UNKN[N & UNSUNG4 

O ,*APT] #aa 3 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLIC ,RESORTS TO ,DEPORTATION 
,M,Y ,F,U,R,!,R ,D,I,S,I,L,L,U,S,I,O,N,M,5,T ,9 ,R,U,S,S,I,A 

,BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& ,COMPANY2 #aibd 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X,I 

,! ,S,O,C,I,A,L,I,/ ,R,E,P,U,B,L,I,C ,R,E,S,O,R,T,S ,T,O ,D,E,P,O,R,T,A,T,I,O,N 

  

,! ,T*EKA HAD SUCCE$$ 9 T]RORIZ+ ! :OLE PEOPLE4 ,! ONLY EXCEPTIONS W]E ! POLITICALS1 :OSE C\RAGE & DEVOTION TO !IR IDEALS DEFI$ ! ,BOL%EVIKI AS IT HAD ! ,ROMANOVS4 ,I KNEW MANY ( ?OSE BRAVE SPIRITS1 & ,I SAW 9 !M ! ONLY HOPE TO SU/A9 ONE AMID ! G5]AL WRECKAGE4 ,!Y W]E ! LIV+ PRO( ( ! P[]LESSNESS ( T]ROR AGA9/ AN ,IDEAL4 

,TYPICAL ( ?IS CLASS WAS A C]TA9 ,AN>*I/ :O HAD LONG BE5 S\<T = BY ! ,T*EKA AS AN IMPORTANT ,MAKHNOVETZ4 ,HE WAS A MEMB] ( ! MILIT>Y /AFF ( ! REVOLUTION>Y POV/ANTSI ( ! ,UKRA9A & ! CLOSE FRI5D & C\NSELOR ( ,MAKHNO4 ,HE HAD ALREADY KN[N HIM 9TIMATELY :5 !Y W]E TOGE!R 9 KATORGA 9 ! DAYS ( ! ,CZ>4 ,HE HAD %>$ ALL ! H>D%IPS & DANG] ( ! POV/ANTSI LIFE & P>TICIPAT$ 9 !IR CAMPAIGNS AGA9/ ! 5EMIES ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,AFT] ! DEFEAT ( ,WRANGEL & ! LA/ TREA*]Y ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI T[>D ,MAKHNO1 :5 ! LATT]'S >MY HAD BECOME SCATT]$ & MANY ( ITS MEMB]S KILL$1 ?IS MAN SUCCE$$ 9 ESCAP+ ! ,BOL%EVIK NET4 ,HE DET]M9$ TO COME TO ,MOSC[1 !RE TO WRITE A HI/ORY ( ,MAKHNOV/*9A4 ,IT WAS A P]IL\S J\RNEY1 MADE UND] MO/ DIFFICULT CONDITIONS1 ) DEA? CON/ANTLY TREAD+ HIS FOOT/EPS4 ,UND] AN ASSUM$ NAME HE SECUR$ A T9Y ROOM 9 ! 5VIRONS ( ! CAPITAL4 ,HE LIV$ 9 MO/ ABJECT POV]TY1 ALWAYS 9 DANG] ( HIS LIFE1 VISIT+ HIS WIFE 9 ! CITY ONLY UND] COV] ( D>KNESS4 ,ONCE 9 EV]Y TW5TY F\R H\RS HE W\LD COME TO ! APPO9T$ PLACE = A LITTLE RESPITE & HIS SOLE MEAL ( ! DAY1 CONSI/+ ( POTATOES1 H]R+1 & TEA4 ,EV]Y MOM5T HE RISK$ BE+ RECOGNIZ$1 = HE WAS WELL KN[N 9 ,MOSC[1 & RECOGNITION MEANT SUMM>Y EXECUTION4 ,HIS WIFE ALSO1 IF DISCOV]$1 W\LD HAVE MET ! SAME FATE-! DEVOT$ WOMAN :O1 ?\< ) *ILD AT ! TIME1 HAD FOLL[$ HIM TO ,MOSC[4 ,AFT] A DESP]ATE HUNT = EMPLOYM5T %E F\ND A POSITION 9 A CRE*E1 BUT AS PREGNANT WOM5 W]E NOT ACCEPT$ 9 SU* 9/ITUTIONS1 %E HAD TO DISGUISE H] CONDITION4 ,ALL DAY LONG %E HAD TO BE ON H] FEET1 ATT5D+ TO H] DUTIES1 & LIV+ 9 CON/ANT FE> = ! SAFETY ( H] HUSB&4 

,:5 ! BABY WAS BORN ! SITUATION BECAME MORE AGGRAVAT$4 ,! WOMAN WAS H>ASS$ BY H] SUP]IORS BECAUSE %E HAD OBTA9$ ! POSITION )\T !IR KN[L$GE ( H] CONDITION4 ,PETTY (FICIALDOM & H>D WORK EXHAU/$ H] 5]GIES & ! DAILY ANXIETY AB\T ! MAN %E LOV$ NE>LY DROVE H] FRANTIC4 ,YET NEV] A SIGN ( ALL ?AT TR\BL$ H] :5 ! MAN W\LD VISIT H]4 

,MANY EV5+S ,I SP5T ) ?IS C\PLE4 ,!Y W]E 5TIRELY CUT (F FROM ! \TSIDE WORLD & =M] FRI5DS1 ALL ALONE SAVE = ! FE> ( DISCOV]Y & DEA? :I* WAS !IR CON/ANT COMPANION4 ,9 ! DRE>Y1 DAMP ROOM1 ! BABY ASLEEP1 WE PASS$ MANY H\RS TALK+ 9 SUBDU$ VOICES AB\T ! ,UKRA9IAN PEASANTRY & ! ,MAKHNO MOVEM5T4 ,MY FRI5D WAS FAMILI> ) EV]Y PHASE ( IT FROM P]SONAL EXP]I5CE1 :I* HE WAS N[ 9CORPORAT+ 9TO HIS BOOK ON ,MAKHNO4 ,HE WAS ABSORB$ 9 ?AT WORK1 :I* WAS = ! FIR/ TIME TO GIVE TO ! WORLD ! TRU? AB\T ,MAKHNO & ! POV/ANTSI4 ,DEEPLY CONC]N$ AB\T HIS WIFE & *ILD1 HE WAS 5TIRELY OBLIVI\S TO HIS [N SAFETY1 ?\< KN[+ ?AT EV]Y DAY ! ,T*EKA NET WAS DRAWN  CLOS] AB\T HIM4 ,) GREAT DIFFICULTY HE WAS F9ALLY PREVAIL$ UPON TO LEAVE HIS BELOV$ ,RUSSIA1 AS ! ONLY WAY ( SAV+ HIS FAMILY4 ,:AT A COMM5T>Y ON ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLIC1 :OSE BRAVE/ & TRUE/ SONS MU/ KEEP 9 HID+ OR =SAKE !IR NATIVE SOIL6 

,LIFE 9 ,RUSSIA HAD BECOME TO ME A CON/ANT TORTURE2 ! NE$ ( BREAK+ MY TWO YE>S' SIL5CE WAS IMP]ATIVE4 ,DUR+ ALL ! SUMM] ,I WAS 9 ! ?ROES ( A BITT] CONFLICT BETWE5 ! NECESSITY ( LEAV+ & MY 9ABILITY TO TE> MYSELF AWAY FROM :AT HAD BE5 AN IDEAL TO ME4 ,IT WAS LIKE ! TRAGIC 5D ( A GREAT LOVE TO :I* ONE CL+S LONG AFT] IT IS NO MORE4 

,9 ! MID/ ( MY /RUGGLE !RE HAPP5$ AN EV5T :I* FUR!R S]V$ TO DEMON/RATE ! COMPLETE COLLAPSE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI AS REVOLUTIONI/S4 ,IT WAS ! ANN\NCEM5T ( ! RETURN TO ,RUSSIA ( ! ,CZ>I/ ,G5]AL ,SLA/*EV1 ONE ( ! MO/ REACTION>Y & BRUTAL MILIT>I/S ( ! OLD REGIME4 ,HE HAD F\<T AGA9/ ! ,REVOLUTION FROM ITS V]Y BEG9N+ & HAD L$ SOME ( ! ,WRANGEL =CES 9 ! ,CRIMEA4 ,HE WAS GUILTY ( FI5DI% B>B>ITIES TO W> PRISON]S & 9FAM\S AS A MAK] ( POGROMS4 ,N[ ,SLA/*EV RECANT$ & WAS RETURN+ TO 0HIS  ,FA!RL&40 ,?IS >* C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/ & ,JEW-BAIT]1 TOGE!R ) SEV]AL O!R ,CZ>I/ G5]ALS & ,:ITE GU>DI/S1 WAS RECEIV$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI ) MILIT>Y HONORS4 ,NO D\BT IT WAS JU/ RETRIBUTION ?AT ! ANTI,SEMITE HAD TO SALUTE ! ,JEW ,TROTSKY1 HIS MILIT>Y SUP]IOR4 ,BUT TO ! ,REVOLUTION & ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE ! TRIUMPHAL RETURN ( ! IMP]IALI/S WAS AN \TRAGE4 

,! OLD G5]AL HAD *ANG$ HIS COLORS BUT NOT HIS NATURE4 ,9 HIS LETT] TO ! (FIC]S & M5 ( ! ,WRANGEL ,>MY HE DELIV]$ HIMSELF ( ! FOLL[+3 

,I1 ,SLA/*EV ,KRIMSKY1 COMM& Y\ TO RETURN TO Y\R ,FA!RL& & 9TO ! FOLD ( ! ,R$ ,>MY4 ,\R C\NTRY NE$S \R DEF5SE AGA9/ H] 5EMIES4 ,I COMM& Y\ TO RETURN4 

,AS A REW>D = HIS NEWLY FL$G$ LOVE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,FA!RL& ,SLA/*EV 0 ,KRIMSKY 0 WAS COMMISSION$ TO QUELL ! ,K>ELIAN PEASANTS :O DEM&$ SELF-DET]M9ATION1 & ,SLA/*EV HAD ! OPPORTUNITY ( GIV+ FULL PLAY TO ! AUTOCRATIC P[]S HE WAS VE/$ )4 

,MILIT>Y RECEPTIONS & HONORS = ! MAN :O HAD BE5 =EMO/ 9 ! ATTEMPT TO CRU% ! ,REVOLUTION1 & IMPRISONM5T OR DEA? =  ! LOV]S ( LIB]TY6 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! TRUE SONS ( ,RUSSIA1 :O HAD DEF5D$ ! ,REVOLUTION AGA9/ EV]Y ATTACK & HAD AID$ ! ,BOL%EVIKI TO POLITICAL P[]1 W]E MADE HOMELESS BY DEPORTATION TO =EIGN L&S4 ,A MORE TRAGIC DEBACLE HI/ORY HAS NEV] BE=E WITNESS$4 ,! FIR/ TO BE DEPORT$ BY ! 0REVOLUTION>Y-0 ,GOV]NM5T W]E T5 ,AN>*I/S1 MO/ ( !M KN[N 9 ! 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T AS TRI$ IDEALI/S & M>TYRS = !IR CAUSE4 ,AMONG !M WAS ,VOL91 A HI<LY CULTUR$ MAN1 A GIFT$ WRIT] & LECTUR]1 :O HAD BE5 $ITOR ( V>I\S ,AN>*I/ PUBLICATIONS 9 ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 :]E HE RETURN$ 9 #a#i#a#g1 HE HELP$ TO ORGANIZE ! ,UKRA9IAN ,CONF$]ATION ( ,NABAT &' WAS = A TIME LECTUR] = ! ,SOVIET ,DEP>TM5T ( ,$UCATION 9 ,KH>KOV4 ,VOL9 HAD BE5 A MEMB] ( AN ,AN>*I/ P>TISAN MILIT>Y UNIT ?AT F\<T AGA9/ ,AU/RO-,G]MAN OCCUPATION1 & = A CONSID]ABLE TIME HE ALSO CONDUCT$ $UCATIONAL & CULTURAL WORK 9 ! ,MAKHNO ,>MY4 ,DUR+ ! YE> #aiba HE WAS IMPRISON$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI & DEPORT$ AFT] ! HUNG] /RIKE ( ! ,TAGANKA ,AN>*I/S :I* LA/$ T5 & A HALF DAYS4 

,9 ! SAME GR\P WAS ,G4 ,MAXIM(F1 AN ,AN>*I/ ( MANY YE>S' /&+4 ,BE=E ! ,REVOLUTION HE HAD BE5 ACTIVE AMONG ! /UD5TS ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,UNIV]SITY & ALSO AMONG ! PEASANTS4 ,HE P>TICIPAT$ 9 ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES BEG9N+ ) ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION1 WAS ONE ( ! $ITORS ( ,GOLOS ,TRUDA & MEMB] ( ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,SECRET>IAT ( ,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S4 ,HE IS AN ABLE & POPUL> WRIT] & LECTUR]4 

,M>K ,MRAT*NY1 ANO!R ( ! DEPORT$1 HAS BE5 AN ,AN>*I/ S9CE #a#i#g4 ,AT ! TIME :5 ,HETMAN ,SKOROPADSKY RUL$ ,UKRA9A ) ! HELP ( ,G]MAN BAYONETS1 ,MRAT*NY WAS A MEMB] ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,BUREAU ( ! /UD5TS ( ,KH>KOV4 ,HE HELD ! POSITION ( 9/RUCTOR 9 ! ,SOVIET ,S*OOL ,DEP>TM5T ( ,KH>KOV1 & LAT] 9 ,SIB]IA4 ,HE $IT$ ! ,NABAT DUR+ ! P]IOD ( AGREEM5T BETWE5 ,MAKHNO & ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 & WAS LAT] >RE/$ TOGE!R ) ! O!R ,AN>*I/S :O HAD COME TO ,KH>KOV = ! ,AN>*I/ ,CONF]5CE4 

,AMONG ! DEPORT$ WAS ALSO ,Y>T*UK1 FAM\S AS ONE ( ! LEAD]S ( ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS 9 ! UPRIS+ ( ,JULY1 #a#i#a#g1 A MAN :O 5JOY$ EXCEPTIONAL 9FLU5CE AMONG ! SAILORS & WORK]S & :OSE IDEALISM & DEVOTION >E MATT]S ( HI/ORIC RECORD4 ,9 ! GR\P !RE W]E ALSO SEV]AL /UD5TS-M]E Y\?S :O HAD P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ,AN>*I/ HUNG]/RIKE 9 ! ,TAGANKA PRISON4 

,TO REMA9 LONG] 9 ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA HAD BECOME UNBE>ABLE4 ,I WAS COMPELL$ TO SPEAK \T1 & DECID$ TO LEAVE ! C\NTRY4 ,FRI5DS W]E MAK+ >RANGEM5TS TO OP5 A SUB ROSA PASSAGE ABROAD1 BUT JU/ AS ALL PREP>ATIONS W]E COMPLET$ WE W]E 9=M$ ( NEW DEVELOPM5TS4 ,B]L9 ,AN>*I/S HAD MADE A DEM& UPON ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T ?AT PASSPORTS BE ISSU$ = ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN1 ,A4 ,%APIRO1 & MYSELF1 TO 5ABLE US TO ATT5D ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS :I* WAS TO CONV5E 9 ,B]L9 9 ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#b#a4 ,:E!R DUE TO ?AT DEM& OR = O!R REASONS1 ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T F9ALLY ISSU$ ! REQUIR$ PAP]S & ON ,DECEMB] #a1 #a#i#b#a1 ,I LEFT ,RUSSIA 9 ! COMPANY ( ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN & ,A4 ,%APIRO4 ,IT WAS JU/ ONE YE> & ELEV5 MON?S S9CE ,I HAD SET FOOT ON :AT ,I BELIEV$ TO BE ! PROMIS$ L&4 ,MY HE>T WAS HEAVY ) ! TRAG$Y ( ,RUSSIA4 ,ONE ?\<T /OOD \T 9 BOLD RELIEF3 ,I MU/ RAISE MY VOICE AGA9/ ! CRIMES COMMITT$ 9 ! NAME ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,I W\LD BE HE>D REG>DLESS ( FRI5D OR FOE4 

O ,*APT] #ab 3 ,AFT]WORD 
,M,Y ,F,U,R,!,R ,D,I,S,I,L,L,U,S,I,O,N,M,5,T ,9 ,R,U,S,S,I,A 

,BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N,Y3 ,D\BL$AY1 ,PAGE @& ,COMPANY2 #aibd 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X,I,I 

,A,F,T,],W,O,R,D 

  

,NON-,BOL%EVIK ,SOCIALI/ CRITICS ( ! ,RUSSIAN FAILURE CONT5D ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION C\LD NOT HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 ,RUSSIA BECAUSE 9DU/RIAL CONDITIONS HAD NOT REA*$ ! NECESS>Y CLIMAX 9 ?AT C\NTRY4 ,!Y PO9T TO ,M>X1 :O TAU<T ?AT A SOCIAL REVOLU TION IS POSSIBLE ONLY 9 C\NTRIES ) A HI<LY DEVELOP$ 9DU/RIAL SY/EM & ITS ATT5DANT SOCIAL ANTAGONISMS4 ,!Y !RE=E CLAIM ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION C\LD NOT BE A SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 & ?AT HI/ORICALLY IT HAD TO EVOLVE ALONG CON/ITUTIONAL1 DEMOCRATIC L9ES1 COMPLE M5T$ BY A GR[+ 9DU/RY1 9 ORD] TO RIP5 ! C\NTRY ECONOMICALLY = ! BASIC *ANGE4 

,?IS OR?ODOX ,M>XIAN VIEW LEAVES AN IMPORTANT FACTOR \T ( CONSID]ATION-A FACTOR P]HAPS MORE VITAL TO ! POSSIBILITY & SUCCESS ( A SOCIAL REVOLUTION ?AN-EV5 ! 9DU/RIAL ELEM5T4 ,?AT IS ! PSY*OLOGY ( ! MASSES AT A GIV5 P]IOD4 ,:Y IS !RE1 = 9/ANCE1 NO 
SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ,FRANCE1 OR EV5 9 ,G]MANY8 ,SURELY !SE C\NTRIES HAVE REA*$ ! 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T SET BY ,M>X AS ! CULM9AT+ /AGE4 ,! TRU? IS ?AT 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T & %>P SOCIAL CONTRA/S >E ( !MSELVES BY NO MEANS SUFFICI5T TO GIVE BIR? TO A NEW SOCIETY OR TO CALL =? A SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,! NECESS>Y SOCIAL CONSCI\SNESS1 ! REQUIR$ MASS PSY*OLOGY IS MISS+ 9 SU* C\NTRIES AS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ! O!RS M5TION$4 ,?AT EXPLA9S :Y NO SOCIAL REVOLUTION HAS TAK5 PLACE !RE4 

,9 ?IS REG>D ,RUSSIA HAD ! ADVANTAGE ( O!R MORE 9DU/RIALIZ$ & 0CIVILIZ$0 L&S4 IT IS TRUE ?AT ,RUSSIA WAS NOT AS ADVANC$ 9DU/RIALLY AS H] ,WE/]N NEI<BORS4 ,BUT ! ,RUSSIAN MASS PSY*OLOGY1 9SPIR$ & 9T5SIFI$ BY ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION1 WAS RIP5+ AT SO FA/ A PACE ?AT )9 A FEW MON?S ! PEOPLE W]E READY = SU* ULTRA-REVOLUTION>Y SLOGANS AS 0,ALL P[] TO ! ,SOVIETS0 & 0,! L& TO ! PEASANTS1 ! FACTORIES TO ! WORK]S40 

,! SIGNIFICANCE ( !SE SLOGANS %\LD NOT BE UND]-E/IMAT$4 ,EXPRESS+ 9 A L>GE DEGREE ! 9/9CTIVE & SEMI-CONSCI\S WILL ( ! PEOPLE1 !Y YET SIGNIFI$ ! COMPLETE SOCIAL1 ECONOMIC1 & 9DU/RIAL REORGANIZATION ( ,RUSSIA4 ,:AT C\NTRY 9 ,EUROPE OR ,AM]ICA IS PREP>$ TO 9T]PRET SU* REVOLUTION>Y MOTTOES 9TO LIFE8 ,YET 9 ,RUSSIA1 9 ! MON?S ( ,JUNE & ,JULY1 #a#i#a#g1 !SE SLOGANS BECAME POPUL> & W]E 5?USIA/ICALLY & ACTIVELY TAK5 UP1 94 ! =M ( DIRECT ACTION1 BY ! BULK ( ! 9DU/RIAL & AGR>IAN POPULATION ( MORE ?AN #ae MILLIONS4 ,?AT WAS SUFFICI5T PRO( ( ! 0RIP5ESS0 ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE = ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,AS TO ECONOMIC 0PREP>$NESS0 9 !.> ,M>XIAN S5SE1 IT MU/ NOT BE =GOTT5 ?AT ,RUSSIA IS PREEM95TLY AN AGR>IAN C\NTRY4 ,M>X'S DICTUM PRESUPPOSES ! 9DU/RIALIZATION ( ! PEASANT & F>M] POPULATION 9 EV]Y HI<LY DEVELOP$ SOCIETY1 AS A /EP T[>D SOCIAL FITNESS = REVOLUTION4 ,BUT EV5TS 9 ,RUSSIA1 9 #a#i#a#g1 DEMON/RAT$ ?AT REVOLUTION DOES NOT AWAIT ?IS PROCESS ( 9DU/RIALIZATION &-:AT IS MORE IMPORTANT-CANNOT BE MADE TO WAIT4 ,! ,RUSSIAN PEASANTS BEGAN TO EXPROPRIATE ! L&LORDS & ! WORK]S TOOK POSSESSION ( ! FACTORIES )\T TAK+ COGNIZANCE ( ,M>XIAN DICTA4 ,?IS POPUL> ACTION1 BY VIRTUE ( ITS [N LOGIC1 U%]$ 9 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA1 UPSETT+ ALL ,M>XIAN CALCULATIONS4 ,! PSY*OLOGY ( ! ,SLAV PROV$ /RONG] ?AN SOCIALDEMOCRATIC !ORIES4 

,?AT PSY*OLOGY 9VOLV$ ! PASSIONATE YE>N+ = LIB]TY NURTUR$ BY A C5TURY ( REVOLUTION>Y AGITATION AMONG ALL CLASSES ( SOCIETY4 ,! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE HAD =TUNATELY REMA9$ POLITICALLY UNSOPHI/ICAT$ & UNT\*$ BY ! CORRUPTION & CONFUSION CREAT$ AMONG ! PROLET>IAT ( O!R C\NTRIES BY 0DEMOCRATIC0 LIB]TY & SELF-GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,RUSSIAN REMA9$1 9 ?IS S5SE1 NATURAL & SIMPLE1 UNFAMILI> ) ! SUBTLETIES ( POLITICS1 ( P>LIAM5T>Y TRICK]Y1 & LEGAL MAKE%IFTS4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 HIS PRIMITIVE S5SE ( JU/ICE & RI<T WAS /RONG & VITAL1 )\T ! DIS9TEGRAT+ F9ESSE ( PSEUDO-CIVILIZATION4 ,HE KNEW :AT HE WANT$ & HE DID NOT WAIT = 0HI/ORIC 9EVITABILITY0 TO BR+ IT TO HIM3 HE EMPLOY$ DIRECT ACTION4 ,! ,REVOLUTION TO HIM WAS A FACT ( LIFE1 NOT A M]E !ORY = DISCUSSION4 

,?US ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION TOOK PLACE 9 ,RUSSIA 9 SPITE ( ! 9DU/RIAL BACKW>DNESS ( ! C\NTRY4 ,BUT TO MAKE ! ,REVOLUTION WAS NOT 5\<4 ,IT WAS NECESS>Y = IT TO ADVANCE & BROAD51 TO DEVELOP 9TO ECONOMIC & SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION4 ,?AT PHASE ( ! ,REVOLUTION NECESSITAT$ FULLE/ PLAY ( P]SONAL 9ITIATIVE & COLLECTIVE EF=T4 ,! DEVELOPM5T & SUCCESS ( ! ,REVOLUTION DEP5D$ ON ! BROADE/ EX]CISE ( ! CREATIVE G5IUS ( ! PEOPLE1 ON ! COOP]ATION ( ! 9TELLECTUAL & MANUAL PROLET>IAT4 ,COMMON 9T]E/ IS ! LEIT MOTIF ( ALL REVOLUTION>Y 5DEAVOR1 ESPECIALLY ON ITS CON/RUCTIVE SIDE4 ,?IS SPIRIT ( MUTUAL PURPOSE & SOLID>ITY SWEPT ,RUSSIA ) A MI<TY WAVE 9 ! FIR/ DAYS ( ! ,OCTOB],NOVEMB] ,REVOLUTION4 ,9H]5T 9 ?AT 5?USIASM W]E =CES ?AT C\LD HAVE MOV$ M\NTA9S IF 9TELLIG5TLY GUID$ BY EXCLUSIVE CONSID]ATION = ! WELL-BE+ ( ! :OLE PEOPLE4 ,! M$IUM = SU* EFFECTIVE GUIDANCE WAS ON H&3 ! LABOR ORGANIZATIONS & ! COOP]ATIVES ) :I* ,RUSSIA WAS COV]$ AS ) A NETWORK ( BRIDGES COMB9+ ! CITY ) ! C\NTRY2 ! ,SOVIETS :I* SPRANG 9TO BE+ RESPONSIVE TO ! NE$S ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE2 &1 F9ALLY1 ! 9TELLIG5TSIA :OSE TRADITIONS = A C5TURY EXPRESS$ H]OIC DEVOTION TO ! CAUSE ( ,RUSSIA'S EMANCIPATION4 

,BUT SU* A DEVELOPM5T WAS BY NO MEANS )9 ! PROGRAM ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,= SEV]AL MON?S FOLL[+ ,OCTOB] !Y SUFF]$ ! POPUL> =CES TO MANIFE/ !MSELVES1 ! PEOPLE C>RY+ ! ,REVOLUTION 9TO EV]-WID5+ *ANNELS4 ,BUT AS SOON AS ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY FELT ITSELF SUFFICI5TLY /RONG 9 ! GOV]NM5T SADDLE1 IT BEGAN TO LIMIT ! SCOPE ( POPUL> ACTIVITY4 ,ALL ! SUCCE$+ ACTS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 ALL !IR FOLL[+ POLICIES1 *ANGES ( POLICIES1 !IR COMPROMISES & RETREATS1 !IR ME?ODS ( SUPPRESSION & P]SECUTION1 !IR T]RORISM & EXT]M9ATION ( ALL O!R POLITICAL VIEWS-ALL W]E BUT ! MEANS TO AN 5D3 ! RETA9+ ( ! ,/ATE P[] 9 ! H&S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,9DE$1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI !MSELVES 79 ,RUSSIA7 MADE NO SECRET ( IT4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 !Y CONT5D$1 IS ! ADVANCE GU>D ( ! PROLET>IAT1 & ! DICTATOR%IP MU/ RE/ 9 ITS H&S4 ,ALAS1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI RECKON$ )\T !IR HO/-)\T ! PEASANTRY1 :OM NEI!R ! RAZVYORISKA1 ! ,T*EKA1 NOR ! :OLESALE %OOT+ C\LD P]SUADE TO SUPPORT ! ,BOL%EVIK REIME4 ,! PEASANTRY BECAME ! ROCK UPON :I* ! BE/LAID PLANS & S*EMES ( ,L59 W]E WRECK$4 ,BUT ,L591 A NIMBLE ACROBAT1 WAS SKILL$ 9 P]=M+ )9 ! N>R[E/ M>G94 ,! NEW ECONOMIC POLICY WAS 9TRODUC$ JU/ 9 TIME TO W>D (F ! DISA/] :I* WAS SL[LY BUT SURELY OV]TAK+ ! :OLE ,COMMUNI/ 
$IFICE4 

,I,I 

,! 0NEW ECONOMIC POLICY0 CAME AS A SURPRISE & A %OCK TO MO/ ,COMMUNI/S4 ,!Y SAW 9 IT A REV]SAL ( EV]Y?+ ?AT !IR ,P>TY HAD BE5 PROCLAIM+-A REV]SAL ( ,COMMUNISM ITSELF4 ,9 PROTE/ SOME ( ! OLDE/ MEMB]S ( ! ,P>TY1 M5 :O HAD FAC$ DANG] & P]SECUTION UND] ! OLD REGIME :ILE ,L59 & ,TROTSKY LIV$ ABROAD 9 SAFETY1 LEFT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY EMBITT]$ & DISAPPO9T$4 ,! LEAD]S !N DECL>$ A LOCK\T4 ,!Y ORD]$ ! CLE>+ ( ! ,P>TY RANKS ( ALL 0 D\BTFUL 0 ELEM5TS4 ,EV]YBODY SUSPECT$ ( AN 9DEP5D5T ATTITUDE & ?OSE :O DID NOT ACCEPT ! NEW ECONOMIC POLICY AS ! LA/ WORD 9 REVOLUTION>Y WISDOM W]E EXPELL$4 ,AMONG !M W]E ,COMMUNI/S :O = YE>S HAD R5D]$ MO/ DEVOT$ S]VICE4 ,SOME ( !M1 HURT TO ! QUICK BY ! UNJU/ & BRUTAL PROC$URE1 & %AK5 TO !IR DEP?S BY ! COLLAPSE ( :AT !Y HELD MO/ HI<1 EV5 RESORT$ TO SUICIDE4 ,BUT ! SMOO? SAIL+ ( ,L59'S NEW GOSPEL HAD TO BE ASSUR$1 ! GOSPEL ( ! SANCTITY ( PRIVATE PROP]TY & ! FRE$OM ( CUT?ROAT COMPETITION ]ECT$ UPON ! RU9S ( F\R YE>S ( REVOLUTION4 

,H[EV]1 ,COMMUNI/ 9DIGNATION OV] ! NEW ECONOMIC POLICY M]ELY 9DICAT$ ! CONFUSION ( M9D ON ! P>T ( ,L59'S OPPON5TS4 ,:AT ELSE BUT M5TAL CONFUSION C\LD APPROVE  ( ! NUM]\S ACROBATIC POLITICAL /UNTS ( ,L59 & YET GR[ 9DIGNANT AT ! F9AL SOM]SAULT1 ITS LOGICAL CULM9ATION8 ,! TR\BLE ) ! DEV\T ,COMMUNI/S WAS ?AT !Y CLUNG TO ! ,IMMACULATE ,CONCEPTION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE :I* BY ! AID ( ! ,REVOLUTION WAS TO R$EEM ! WORLD4 ,BUT MO/ ( ! LEAD+ ,COMMUNI/S NEV] 5T]TA9$ SU* A DELUSION4 ,LEA/ ( ALL ,L594 

,DUR+ MY FIR/ 9T]VIEW ,I RECEIV$ ! IMPRESSION ?AT HE WAS A %REWD POLITICIAN :O KNEW EXACTLY :AT HE WAS AB\T & ?AT HE W\LD /OP AT NO?+ TO A*IEVE HIS 5DS4 ,AFT] HE>+ HIM SPEAK ON SEV]AL OCCASIONS & READ+ HIS WORKS ,I BECAME CONV9C$ ?AT ,L59 HAD V]Y LITTLE CONC]N 9 ! ,REVOLUTION & ?AT ,COMMUNISM TO HIM WAS A V]Y REMOTE ?+4 ,! C5TRALIZ$ POLITICAL ,/ATE WAS ,L59'S DEITY1 TO :I* EV]Y?+ ELSE WAS TO BE SACRIFIC$4 ,SOMEONE SAID ?AT ,L59 W\LD SACRIFICE ! ,REVOLUTION TO SAVE ,RUSSIA4 ,L59'S POLICIES1 H[EV]1 HAVE PROV5 ?AT HE WAS WILL+ TO SACRIFICE BO? ! ,REVOLUTION & ! C\NTRY1 OR AT LEA/ P>T ( ! LATT]1 9 ORD] TO REALIZE HIS POLITICAL S*EME ) :AT WAS LEFT ( ,RUSSIA4 

,L59 WAS ! MO/ PLIABLE POLITICIAN 9 HI/ORY4 ,HE C\LD BE AN ULTRA-REVOLUTION>Y1 A COMPROMIS] & CONS]VATIVE AT ! SAME TIME4 ,:5 LIKE A MI<TY WAVE ! CRY SWEPT OV] ,RUSSIA1 0,ALL P[] TO ! ,SOVIETS6 0 ,L59 SWAM ) ! TIDE4 ,:5 ! PEASANTS TOOK POSSESSION ( ! L& & ! WORK]S ( ! FACTORIES1 ,L59 NOT ONLY APPROV$ ( ?OSE DIRECT ME?ODS BUT W5T FUR!R4 ,HE ISSU$ ! FAM\S MOTTO1 0,ROB ! ROBB]S10 A SLOGAN :I* S]V$ TO CONFUSE ! M9DS ( ! PEOPLE & CAUS$ UNTOLD 9JURY TO REVOLUTION>Y IDEALISM4 ,NEV] BE=E DID ANY REAL REVOLUTIONI/ 9T]PRET SOCIAL EXPROPRIATION AS ! TRANSF] ( WEAL? FROM ONE SET ( 9DIVIDUALS TO ANO!R4 ,YET ?AT WAS EXACTLY :AT ,L59'S SLOGAN MEANT4 ,! 9DISCRIM9ATE & IRRESPONSIBLE RAIDS1 ! ACCUMULATION ( ! WEAL? ( ! =M] B\RGEOISIE BY ! NEW ,SOVIET BUREAUCRACY1 ! *ICAN]Y PRACTIC$ T[>D ?OSE :OSE ONLY CRIME WAS !IR =M] /ATUS1 W]E ALL ! RESULTS ( ,L59'S 0,ROB ! ROBB]S0 POLICY4 ,! :OLE SUBSEQU5T HI/ORY ( ! ,REVOLUTION IS A KALEIDOSCOPE ( ,L59'S COMPROMISES & BETRAYAL ( HIS [N SLOGANS4 

,BOL%EVIK ACTS & ME?ODS S9CE ! ,OCTOB] DAYS MAY SEEM TO CONTRADICT ! NEW ECONOMIC POLICY4 ,BUT 9 REALITY !Y >E L9KS 9 ! *A9 
:I* WAS TO =GE ! ALL-P[]FUL1 C5TRALIZ$ ,GOV]NM5T ) ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM AS ITS ECONOMIC EXPRESSION4 ,L59 POSSESS$ CL>ITY ( VISION & AN IRON WILL4 ,HE KNEW H[ TO MAKE HIS COMRADES 9 ,RUSSIA & \TSIDE ( IT BELIEVE ?AT HIS S*EME WAS TRUE ,SOCIALISM & HIS ME?ODS ! REVOLUTION4 ,NO WOND] ?AT ,L59 FELT SU* CONTEMPT = HIS FLOCK1 :I* HE NEV] HESITAT$ TO FL+ 9TO !IR FACES4 0,ONLY FOOLS CAN BELIEVE ?AT ,COMMUNISM IS POSSIBLE 9 ,RUSSIA N[10 WAS ,L59'S REPLY TO ! OPPON5TS ( ! NEW ECONOMIC POLICY4 

,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ,L59 WAS RI<T4 ,TRUE ,COMMUNISM WAS NEV] ATTEMPT$ 9 ,RUSSIA1 UNLESS ONE CONSID]S ?IRTY-?REE CATEGORIES ( PAY1 DIFF]5T FOOD RATIONS1 PRIVILEGES TO SOME & 9DIFF]5CE TO ! GREAT MASS AS ,COMMUNISM4 

,9 ! E>LY P]IOD ( ! ,REVOLUTION IT WAS COMP>ATIVELY EASY = ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TO POSSESS ITSELF ( P[]4 ,ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS1 C>RI$ AWAY BY ! ULTR>EVOLUTION>Y PROMISES ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 HELP$ ! LATT] TO P[]4 ,ONCE 9 POSSESSION ( ! ,/ATE ! ,COMMUNI/S BEGAN !IR PROCESS ( ELIM9ATION4 ,ALL ! POLITICAL P>TIES & GR\PS :I* REFUS$ TO SUBMIT TO ! NEW DICTATOR%IP HAD TO GO4 ,FIR/ ! ,AN>*I/S & ,LEFT ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTIONI/S1 !N ! ,M5%EVIKI & O!R OPPON5TS FROM ! ,RI<T1 & F9ALLY EV]YBODY :O D>$ ASPIRE TO1 AN OP9ION ( HIS [N4 ,SIMIL> WAS ! FATE ( ALL 9DEP5D5T ORGANIZATIONS4 ,!Y W]E EI!R SUBORD9AT$ TO ! NE$S ( ! NEW ,/ATE OR DE/ROY$ ALTOGE!R1 AS W]E ! ,SOVIETS1 ! TRADE UNIONS & ! COOP]ATIVES-?REE GREAT FACTORS = ! REALIZATION ( ! HOPES ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,! ,SOVIETS FIR/ MANIFE/$ !MSELVES 9 ! REVOLUTION ( #aie ,!Y PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT P>T DUR+ ?AT BRIEF BUT SIGNIFICANT P]IOD4 ,?\< ! REVOLUTION WAS CRU%$1 ! ,SOVIET IDEA REMA9$ ROOT$ 9 ! M9DS & HE>TS ( ! ,RUSSIAN MASSES4 ,AT ! FIR/ DAWN :I* ILLUM9AT$ ,RUSSIA 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#a#g1 ! ,SOVIETS REVIV$ AGA9 & CAME 9TO BLOOM 9 A V]Y %ORT TIME4 ,TO ! PEOPLE ! ,SOVIETS BY NO MEANS REPRES5T$ A CURTAILM5T ( ! SPIRIT ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! ,REVOLUTION WAS TO F9D ITS HI<E/1 FREE/ PRACTICAL EXPRESSION ?R\< ! ,SOVIETS4 ,?AT WAS :Y ! ,SOVIETS SO SPONTANE\SLY & RAPIDLY SPREAD ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKI REALIZ$ ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! POPUL> TR5D & JO9$ ! CRY4 ,BUT ONCE 9 CONTROL ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ! ,COMMUNI/S SAW ?AT ! ,SOVIETS ?REAT5$ ! SUPREMACY ( ! ,/ATE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME !Y C\LD NOT DE/ROY !M >BITR>ILY )\T UND]M9+ !IR [N PRE/IGE AT HOME & ABROAD AS ! SPONSORS ( ! ,SOVIET SY/EM4 ,!Y BEGAN TO %E> !M GRADUALLY ( !IR P[]S & F9ALLY TO SUBORD9ATE !M TO !IR [N NE$S4 

,! ,RUSSIAN TRADE UNIONS W]E MU* MORE AM5ABLE TO EMASCULATION4 ,NUM]ICALLY & 9 PO9T ( REVOLUTION>Y FIB] !Y W]E /ILL 9 !IR *ILDHOOD4 ,BY DECL>+ ADH]5CE TO ! TRADE UNIONS OBLIGATORY ! ,RUSSIAN LABOR ORGANIZATIONS GA9$ 9 PHYSICAL /ATURE1 BUT M5TALLY !Y REMA9$ 9 ! 9FANT /AGE4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE BECAME ! WET NURSE ( ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,9 RETURN1 ! ORGANIZATIONS S]V$ AS ! FLUNKIES ( ! ,/ATE4 0,A S*OOL = ,COMMUNISM10 SAID ,L59 9 ! FAM\S CONTROV]SY ON ! FUNCTIONS ( ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,QUITE RI<T4 ,BUT AN ANTIQUAT$ S*OOL :]E ! SPIRIT ( ! *ILD IS FETT]$ & CRU%$4 ,NO:]E 9 ! WORLD >E LABOR ORGANIZATIONS AS SUBS]VI5T TO ! WILL & ! DICTATES ( ! ,/ATE AS !Y >E 9 ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA4 

,! FATE ( ! COOP]ATIVES IS TOO WELL KN[N TO REQUIRE ELUCIDATION4 ,! COOP]ATIVES W]E ! MO/ ESS5TIAL L9K BETWE5 ! CITY & ! C\NTRY4 ,!IR VALUE TO ! ,REVOLUTION AS A POPUL> & SUCCESSFUL M$IUM ( EX*ANGE & DI/RIBUTION & TO ! RECON/RUCTION ( ,RUSSIA WAS 9CALCULABLE4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKI TRANS=M$ !M 9TO COGS ( ! ,GOV]NM5T MA*9E & !REBY DE/ROY$ !IR USEFULNESS & EFFICI5CY4 

,I,I,I 

,IT IS N[ CLE> :Y ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 AS CONDUCT$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 WAS A FAILURE4 ,! POLITICAL P[] ( ! ,P>TY1 ORGANIZ$ & C5TRALIZ$ 9 ! ,/ATE1 S\<T TO MA9TA9 ITSELF BY ALL MEANS AT H&4 ,! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES ATTEMPT$ TO =CE ! ACTIVITIES ( ! PEOPLE 9TO =MS CORRESPOND+ ) ! 
PURPOSES ( ! ,P>TY4 ,! SOLE AIM ( ! LATT] WAS TO /R5G!N ! ,/ATE & MONOPOLIZE ALL ECONOMICAL1 POLITICAL1 & SOCIAL ACITIVITIES-EV5 ALL CULTURAL MANIFE/ATIONS4 ,! ,REVOLUTION HAD AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T OBJECT1 & 9 ITSV]Y *>ACT] IT WAS ! NEGATION ( AU?ORITY & C5TRALIZATION4 ,IT /ROVE TO OP5 EV]L>G] FIELDS = PROLET>IAN EXPRESSION & TO MULTIPLY ! PHASES ( 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE EF=T4 ,! AIMS & T5D5CIES4 ( ! ,REVOLUTION W]E DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ TO ?OSE ( ! RUL+ POLITICAL P>TY4 

,JU/ AS DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ W]E ! ME?ODS ( ! ,REVOLUTION & ( ! ,/ATE4 ,?OSE ( ! =M] W]E 9SPIR$ BY ! SPIRIT ( ! ,REVOLUTION ITSELF3 ?AT IS TO SAY1 BY EMANCIPATION FROM ALL OPPRESSIVE & LIMIT+ =CES2 9 %ORT2 BY LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES4 ,! ME?ODS ( ! ,/ATE1 ON ! CONTR>Y--( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,/ATE AS ( EV]Y GOV]NM5T--W]E BAS$ ON CO]CION1 :I* 9 ! C\RSE ( ?+S NECESS>ILY DEVELOP$ 9TO SY/EMATIC VIOL5CE1 OPPRESSION1 & T]RORISM4 ,?US TWO OPPOS+ T5D5CIES /RUGGL$ = SUPREMACY3 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,/ATE AGA9/ ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,?AT /RUGGLE WAS A LIFE-&-DEA? /RUGGLE4 ,! TWO T5D5CIES1 CONTRADICTORY 9 AIMS & ME?ODS1 C\LD NOT WORK 
H>MONI\SLY3 ! TRIUMPH ( ! ,/ATE MEANT ! DEFEAT ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,IT W\LD BE AN ]ROR TO ASSUME ?AT ! FAILURE ( ! ,REVOLUTION WAS DUE 5TIRELY TO ! *>ACT] ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,FUNDAM5TALLY1 IT WAS ! RESULT ( ! PR9CIPLES & ME?ODS ( ,BOL%EVISM4 ,IT WAS ! AU?ORIT>IAN SPIRIT & PR9CIPLES ( ! ,/ATE :I* /IFL$ ! LIB]T>IAN & LIB]AT+ ASPIRATIONS4 ,W]E ANY O!R POLITICAL P>TY 9 CONTROL ( ! GOV]NM5T 9 ,RUSSIA ! RESULT W\LD HAVE BE5 ESS5TIALLY ! SAME4 ,IT IS NOT SO MU* ! ,BOL%EVIKI :O 
 KILL$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION AS ! ,BOL%EVIK IDEA4 ,IT WAS ,M>XISM1 H[EV] MODIFI$2 9 %ORT1 FANATICAL GOV]NM5TALISM4 ,ONLY ?IS UND]/&+ ( ! UND]LY+ =CES ?AT CRU%$ ! ,REVOLUTION CAN- PRES5T ! TRUE LESSON ( ?AT WORLD-/IRR+ EV5T4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION REFLECTS ON A SMALL SCALE ! C5TURYOLD /RUGGLE ( ! LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLE AGA9/ ! AU?ORIT>IAN4 ,= :AT IS PROGRESS IF NOT ! MORE G5]AL ACCEPTANCE ( ! PR9CIPLES ( LIB]TY AS AGA9/ ?OSE ( CO]CION8 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS A LIB]T>IAN /EP DEFEAT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIK ,/ATE1 BY ! TEMPOR>Y VICTORY ( ! REACTION>Y1 ! GOV]NM5TAL IDEA4 

,?AT VICTORY WAS DUE TO A NUMB] ( CAUSES4 ,MO/ ( !M HAVE ALREADY BE5 DEALT ) 9 ! PREC$+ *APT]S4 ,! MA9 CAUSE1 H[EV]1 WAS NOT ! 9DU/RIAL BACKW>DNESS ( ,RUSSIA1 AS CLAIM$ BY MANY WRIT]S ON ! SUBJECT4 ,?AT CAUSE WAS CULTURAL :I*1 ?\< GIV+ ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE C]TA9 ADVANTAGES OV] !IR MORE SOPHI/ICAT$ NEI<BORS1 ALSO HAD SOME FATAL DISADVANTAGES4 ,! ,RUSSIAN WAS 0CULTURALLY BACKW>D0 9 ! S5SE ( BE+ UNSPOIL$ BY POLITICAL & P>LIAM5T>Y CORRUPTION4 ,ON- ! O!R H&1 ?AT V]Y CONDITION  
9VOLV$1 9EXP]I5CE 9 ! POLITICAL GAME & A NAIVE FAI? 9 ! MIRACUL\S P[] ( ! P>TY ?AT TALK$ ! L\DE/ & MADE ! MO/ PROMISES4 ,?IS FAI? 9 ! P[] ( GOV]NM5T S]V$ TO 5?RALL$ ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY EV5 BE=E ! GREAT MASSES REALIZ$ ?AT ! YOKE HAD BE5 PUT >\ND !IR NECKS4 

,! LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLE WAS /RONG 9 ! 9ITIAL DAYS ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! NE$ = FREE EXPRESSION ALL-ABSORB+4 ,BUT :5 ! FIR/ WAVE ( 5?USIASM REC$$ 9TO ! EBB ( EV]YDAY PROSAIC LIFE1 A FIRM CONVICTION WAS NE$$ TO KEEP ! FIRES ( LIB]TY BURN+4 ,!RE WAS ONLY A COMP>ATIVE H&FUL 9 ! GREAT VA/NESS ( ,RUSSIA TO KEEP ?OSE FIRES LIT-! ,AN>*I/S1 :OSE NUMB] WAS SMALL & :OSE EF=TS1 ABSOLUTELY SUPPRESS$ UND] ! ,CZ>1 HAD HAD NO TIME TO BE> FRUIT4 ,! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 TO SOME EXT5T 9/9CTIVE ,AN>*I/S1 W]E YET TOO UNFAMILI> ) TRUE LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES & ME?ODS TO APPLY !M EFFECTIVELY TO LIFE4 ,MO/ ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,AN>*I/S !MSELVES W]E UN=TUNATELY /ILL 9 ! ME%ES ( LIMIT$ GR\P ACTIVITIES & ( 9DIVIDUALI/IC 5DEAVOR AS AGA9/ ! MORE IMPORTANT SOCIAL & COLLECTIVE EF=TS4 ,! ,AN>*I/S1 ! FUTURE UNBIAS$ 
 HI/ORIAN WILL ADMIT1 HAVE PLAY$ A V]Y IMPORTANT ROLE 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION-A ROLE F> MORE SIGNIFICANT & FRUITFUL ?AN !IR COMP>ATIVELY SMALL NUMB] W\LD HAVE L$ ONE TO EXPECT4 ,YET HONE/Y & S9C]ITY COMPEL ME TO /ATE ?AT !IR WORK W\LD HAVE BE5 ( 9F9ITELY GREAT] PRACTICAL VALUE HAD !Y BE5 BETT] ORGANIZ$ & EQUIPP$ TO GUIDE ! RELEAS$ 5]GIES ( ! PEOPLE T[>D ! REORGANIZATION ( LIFE ON A LIB]T>IAN F\NDATION4 

,BUT ! FAILURE ( ! ,AN>*I/S 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION-9 ! S5SE JU/ 9DICAT$ DOES BY NO MEANS >GUE ! DEFEAT ( ! LIB]T>IAN IDEA4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAS DEMON/RAT$ BEYOND D\BT ?AT ! ,/ATE IDEA1 ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM1 9 ALL ITS MANIFE/ATIONS 7ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 SOCIAL1 $UCATIONAL7 IS 5TIRELY & HOPELESSLY BANKRUPT4 ,NEV] BE=E 9 ALL HI/ORY HAS AU?ORITY1 GOV]NM5T1 ! ,/ATE1 PROV$ SO 9H]5TLY /ATIC1 REACTION>Y1 & EV5 C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y 9 EFFECT4 ,9 %ORT1 ! V]Y ANTI!SIS ( REVOLUTION4 

,IT REMA9S TRUE1 AS IT HAS ?R\< ALL PROGRESS1 ?AT ONLY ! LIB]T>IAN SPIRIT & ME?OD CAN BR+ MAN A /EP FUR!R 9 HIS ET]NAL /RIV+ = ! BETT]1 F9]1 & FRE] LIFE4 ,APPLI$ TO ! GREAT SOCIAL UPHEAVALS KN[N AS REVOLUTIONS1 ?IS T5D5CY IS AS POT5T AS 9 ! ORD9>Y EVOLUTION>Y PROCESS4 ,! AU?ORIT>IAN ME?OD HAS BE5 A FAILURE ALL ?R\< HI/ORY & N[ IT HAS AGA9 FAIL$ 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,SO F> HUMAN +5UITY HAS DISCOV]$ NO O!R PR9CIPLE EXCEPT ! LIB]T>IAN1 = MAN HAS 9DE$ UTT]$ ! HI<E/ WISDOM :5 HE SAID ?AT LIB]TY IS ! MO!R ( ORD]1 NOT ITS DAU<T]4 ,ALL POLITICAL T5ETS & P>TIES NOT)/&+1 NO REVOLUTION CAN BE TRULY & P]MAN5TLY SUCCESSFUL UNLESS IT PUTS ITS EMPHATIC VETO UPON ALL TYRANNY & C5TRALIZATION1 & DET]M9$LY /RIVES TO MAKE ! REVOLUTION A REAL REVALUATION ( ALL ECONOMIC1 SOCIAL1 & CULTURAL VALUES4 ,NOT M]E SUB/ITUTION ( ONE POLITICAL P>TY = ANO!R 9 ! CONTROL ( ! ,GOV]NM5T1 NOT ! MASK+ ( AUTOCRACY BY PROLET>IAN SLOGANS1 NOT ! DICTATOR%IP ( A NEW CLASS OV] AN OLD ONE1 NOT POLITICAL SC5E %IFT+ ( ANY K9D1 BUT ! COMPLETE REV]SAL ( ALL !SE AU?ORIT>IAN PR9CIPLES WILL ALONE S]VE ! REVOLUTION4 

,9 ! ECONOMIC FIELD ?IS TRANS=MATION MU/ BE 9 ! H&S ( ! 9DU/RIAL MASSES3 ! LATT] HAVE ! *OICE BETWE5 AN 9DU/RIAL ,/ATE & AN>*O-SYNDICALISM4 ,9 ! CASE ( ! =M] ! M5ACE TO ! CON/RUCTIVE DEVELOPM5T ( ! NEW SOCIAL /RUCTURE W\LD BE AS GREAT AS FROM ! POLITICAL ,/ATE4 ,IT W\LD BECOME A DEAD WEI<T UPON ! GR[? ( ! NEW =MS ( LIFE4 ,= ?AT V]Y REASON SYNDICALISM 7OR 9DU/RIALISM7 ALONE IS NOT1 AS ITS EXPON5TS CLAIM1 SUFFICI5T UNTO ITSELF4 ,IT IS ONLY :5 ! LIB]T>IAN SPIRIT P]MEATES ! ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORK]S ?AT ! MANIFOLD CREATIVE 5]GIES ( ! PEOPLE CAN MANIFE/ !MSELVES4 & ! REVOLUTION BE SAFEGU>D$ & DEF5D$4 ,ONLY FREE 9ITIATIVE & POPUL> P>TICIPATION 9 ! AFFAIRS ( ! REVOLUTION CAN PREV5T ! T]RIBLE BLUND]S COMMITT$ 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ) FUEL ONLY A HUNDR$ V]/S .<AB\T SIXTY-SIX MILES.> FROM ,PETROGRAD !RE W\LD HAVE BE5 NO NECESSITY = ?AT CITY TO SUFF] FROM COLD HAD ! WORK]S' ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS ( ,PETROGRAD BE5 FREE TO EX]CISE !IR 9ITIATIVE = ! COMMON GOOD4 ,! PEASANTS ( ! ,UKRA9A W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 HAMP]$ 9 ! CULTIVATION ( !IR L& HAD !Y HAD ACCESS TO ! F>M IMPLEM5TS /ACK$ UP 9 ! W>EH\SES ( ,KH>KOV & O!R 9DU/RIAL C5T]S AWAIT+ ORD]S FROM ,MOSC[ = !IR DI/RIBUTION4 ,!SE >E *>ACT]I/IC EXAMPLES ( ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5TALISM & C5TRALIZATION1 :I* %\LD S]VE AS A W>N+ TO !  
WORK]S ( ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA ( ! DE/RUCTIVE EFFECTS ( ,/ATISM4 

,! 9DU/RIAL P[] ( ! MASSES1 EXPRESS$ ?R\< !IR LIB]T>IAN ASSOCIATIONS--,AN>*OSYNDICALISM--IS ALONE ABLE TO ORGANIZE SUCCESSFULLY ! ECONOMIC LIFE & C>RY ON PRODUCTION4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! COOP]ATIVES1 WORK+ 9 H>MONY ) ! 9DU/RIAL BODIES1 S]VE AS ! DI/RIBUT+ & EX*ANGE M$IA BETWE5 CITY & C\NTRY1 & AT ! SAME TIME L9K 9 FRAT]NAL BOND ! 9DU/RIAL & AGR>IAN MASSES4 ,A COMMON TIE ( MUTUAL S]VICE & AID IS CREAT$ :I* IS ! /RONGE/ BULW>K ( ! REVOLUTION-F> MORE EFFECTIVE !N COMPULSORY LABOR1 ! ,R$ ,>MY1 OR T]RORISM4 ,9 ?AT WAY ALONE CAN REVOLUTION ACT AS A LEAV5 TO QUICK5 ! DEVELOPM5T ( NEW SOCIAL =MS & 9SPIRE ! MASSES TO GREAT] A*IEVEM5TS4 

,BUT LIB]T>IAN4 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATIONS & ! COOP]ATIVES >E NOT ! ONLY M$IA 9 ! 9T]PLAY ( ! COMPLEX PHASES ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,!RE >E ! CULTURAL =CES ,:I*1 ?\< CLOSELY RELAT$ TO ! ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES1 HAVE YET !IR [N FUNCTIONS TO P]=M4 ,9 ,RUSSIA ! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE BECAME ! SOLE >BIT] ( ALL ! NE$S ( ! SOCIAL BODY4 ,! RESULT1 AS ALREADY DESCRIB$1 WAS COMPLETE CULTURAL /AGNATION & ! P>ALYZES ( ALL CREATIVE 5DEAVOR4 ,IF SU* A DEBACLE IS TO BE AVOID$ 9 ! FUTURE1 ! CULTURAL =CES1 :ILE REMA9+ ROOT$ 9 ! ECONOMIC SOIL1 MU/ YET RETA9 9DEP5D5T SCOPE & FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION4 ,NOT ADH]- 5CE TO ! DOM9ANT POLITICAL P>TY BUT DEVOTION TO ! REVOLUTION1 KN[L$GE1 ABILITY1 &-ABOVE ALL-! CREATIVE IMPULSE %\LD BE ! CRIT]ION' ( FITNESS = CULTURAL WORK4 ,9 ,RUSSIA ?IS WAS MADE IMPOSSIBLE ALMO/ FROM ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION1 BY ! VIOL5T SEP>ATION ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA & ! MASSES4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! ORIG9AL (F5D] 9 ?IS CASE WAS ! 9TELLIG5TSIA1 ESPECIALLY ! TE*NICAL 9TELLIG5TSIA1 :I* 9 ,RUSSIA T5ACI\SLY CLUNG -AS IT DOES 9 O!R C\NTRIES-TO ! COAT-TAILS ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,?IS ELEM5T1 UNABLE TO COMPREH5D ! SIGNIFICANCE ( REVOLUTION>Y EV5TS1 /ROVE TO /EM ! TIDE BY :OLESALE' SABOTAGE4 ,BUT 9 ,RUSSIA !RE WAS ALSO ANO!R K9D ( 9TELLIG5TSIA--ONE ) A GLORI\S REVOLUTION>Y PA/ ( A HUNDR$ YE>S4 ,?AT P>T ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA KEPT FAI? ) ! PEOPLE1 ?\< IT C\LD NOT UNRES]V$LY ACCEPT ! NEW DICTATOR%IP4 ,! FATAL ]ROR ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI WAS ?AT !Y MADE NO DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! TWO ELEM5TS4 ,!Y MET SABOTAGE ) :OLESALE T]ROR AGA9/ ! 9TELLIG5TSIA AS A CLASS1 & 9AUGURAT$ A CAMPAIGN ( HATR$ MORE 9T5SIVE ?AN ! P]SECUTION ( ! B\RGEOISIEITSELF--A ME?OD :I* CREAT$ AN ABYSS BETWE5 ! 9TELLIG5TSIA & ! PROLET>IAT & RE>$A B>RI] AGA9/ CON/RUCTIVE WORK4 

,L59 WAS ! FIR/ TO REALIZE ?AT CRIM9AL BLUND]4 ,HE PO9T$ \T ?AT IT WAS A GRAVE ]ROR TO LEAD ! WORK]S TO BELIEVE ?AT !Y C\LD BUILD UP ! 9DU/RIES & 5GAGE 9 CULTURAL WORK )\T ! AID & COOP]ATION ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA4 ,! PROLET>IAT HAD NEI!R ! KN[L$GE NOR ! TRA9+ = ! TASK1 & ! 9TELLIG5TSIA HAD TO BE RE/OR$ 9 ! DIRECTION ( ! 9DU/RIAL LIFE4 ,BUT ! RECOGNITION ( ONE ]ROR NEV] SAFEGU>D$ ,L59 & HIS ,P>TY FROM IMM$IATELY COMMITT+ ANO!R4 ,! TE*NICAL 9TELLIG5TSIA WAS CALL$ BACK ON T]MS :I* ADD$ DIS9TEGRATION TO ! ANTAGONISM AGA9/ ! REGIME4 

,:ILE ! WORK]S CONT9U$ TO />VE1 5G9E]S1 9DU/RIAL EXP]TS1 & TE*NICIANS RECEIV$ HI< SAL>IES1 SPECIAL PRIVILEGES1 & ! BE/ RATIONS4 ,!Y BECAME ! PAMP]$ EMPLOYES ( ! ,/ATE & ! NEW SLAVE DRIV]S ( ! MASSES4 ,! LATT]1 F$ = YE>S ON ! FALLACI\S TEA*+S ?AT MUSCLE ALONE IS NECESS>Y = A SUCCESSFUL REVOLUTION & ?AT ONLY PHYSICAL LABOR IS PRODUCTIVE1 & 9CIT$ BY ! CAMPAIGN ( HATR$ :I* /AMP$ EV]Y 9TELLECTUAL A C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/ & SPECULATOR1 C\LD NOT MAKE PEACE ) ?OSE !Y HAD BE5 TAU<T TO SCORN & DI/RU/4 

,UN=TUNATELY ,RUSSIA IS NOT ! ONLY C\NTRY :]E ?IS PROLET>IAN ATTITUDE AGA9/ ! 9TELLIG5TSIA PREVAILS4 ,EV]Y:]E POLITICAL DEMAGOGUES PLAY UPON ! IGNORANCE ( ! MASSES1 TEA* !M ?AT $UCATION & CULTURE >E B\RGEOIS PREJUDICES1 ?AT ! WORK]S CAN DO )\T !M1 & ?AT !Y ALONE >E ABLE TO REBUILD SOCIETY4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAS MADE IT V]Y CLE> ?AT BO? BRA9 & MUSCLE >E 9DISP5SABLE TO ! WORK ( SOCIAL REG5]ATION4 ,9TELLECTUAL & PHYSICAL LABOR >E AS CLOSELY RELAT$ 9 ! SOCIAL BODY AS BRA9 & H& 9 ! HUMAN ORGANISM4 ,ONE CANNOT FUNCTION )\T ! O!R4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT MO/ 9TELLECTUALS CONSID] !MSELVES A CLASS AP>T FROM & SUP]IOR TO ! WORK]S1 BUT SOCIAL CONDITIONS EV]Y:]E >E FA/ DEMOLI%+ ! HI< P$E/AL ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA4 ,!Y >E MADE TO SEE ?AT !Y1 TOO1 >E PROLET>IANS1 EV5 MORE DEP5D5T UPON ! ECONOMIC MA/] ?AN ! MANUAL WORK]4 
 ,UNLIKE ! PHYSICAL PROLET>IAN1 :O CAN PICK UP HIS TOOLS & TRAMP ! WORLD 9 SE>* ( A *ANGE FROM A GALL+ SITUATION1 ! 9TELLECTUAL PROLET>IANS HAVE !IR ROOTS MORE FIRMLY 9 !IR P>TICUL> SOCIAL 5VIRONM5T & CANNOT SO EASILY *ANGE !IR OCCUPATION OR MODE ( LIV+4 ,IT IS !RE=E ( UTMO/ IMPORTANCE TO BR+ HOME TO ! WORK]S ! RAPID PROLET>IZATION ( ! 9TELLECTUALS & ! COMMON TIE ?US CREAT$ BETWE5 !M4 ,IF ! ,WE/]N WORLD IS TO PR(IT BY ! LESSONS ( ,RUSSIA1 ! DEMAGOGIC FLATT]Y ( ! MASSES & BL9D ANTAGONISM T[>D ! 9TELLIG5TSIA MU/ CEASE4 ,?AT DOES NOT MEAN1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! TOIL]S %\LD DEP5D 5TIRELY UPON ! 9TELLECTUAL ELEM5T4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! MASSES MU/ BEG9 RI<T N[ TO PREP>E & EQUIP !MSELVES = ! GREAT TASK ! REVOLUTION WILL PUT UPON !M4 ,!Y %\LD ACQUIRE ! KN[L$GE & TE*NICAL SKILL NECESS>Y = MANAG+ & DIRECT+ ! 9TRICATE ME*ANISM ( ! 9DU/RIAL & SOCIAL /RUCTURE ( !IR RESPECTIVE C\NTRIES4 ,BUT EV5 AT BE/ ! WORK]S WILL NE$ ! COOP]ATION ( ! PR(ESSIONAL & CULTURAL ELEM5TS4 ,SIMIL>LY ! LATT] MU/ REALIZE ?AT !IR TRUE 9T]E/S >E ID5TICAL ) ?OSE ( ! MASSES4 ,ONCE ! TWO SOCIAL =CES LE>N TO BL5D 9TO ONE H>MONI\S :OLE1 ! TRAGIC ASPECTS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION W\LD TO A GREAT EXT5T BE ELIM9AT$4 ,NO ONE W\LD BE %OT BECAUSE HE  
0ONCE ACQUIR$ AN $UCATION40 ,! SCI5TI/1 ! 5G9E]1 ! SPECIALI/1 ! 9VE/IGATOR1 ! $UCATOR1 & ! CREATIVE >TI/1 AS WELL AS ! C>P5T]1 MA*9I/1 & ! RE/1 >E ALL P>T & P>CEL ( ! COLLECTIVE =CE :I* IS TO %APE ! REVOLUTION 9TO ! GREAT >*ITECT ( ! NEW SOCIAL $IFICE4 ,NOT HATR$1 BUT UNITY2 NOT ANTAGONISM1 BUT FELL[%IP2 NOT %OOT+1 BUT SYMPA?Y-?AT IS ! LESSON ( ! GREAT ,RUSSIAN DEBACLE = ! 9TELLIG5TSIA AS WELL AS ! WORK]S4 ,ALL MU/ LE>N ! VALUE ( MUTUAL AID & LIB]T>IAN COOP]ATION1 ,YET EA* MU/ BE ABLE TO REMA9 9DEP5D5T 9 HIS [N SPH]E & 9 H>MONY ) ! BE/ HE CAN YIELD TO SOCIETY4 ,ONLY 9 ?AT WAY WILL PRODUCTIVE LABOR & $UCATIONAL & CULTURAL 5DEAVOR EXPRESS !MSELVES 94 EV] NEW] & RI*] =MS4 ,?AT IS TO ME ! ALL-EMBRAC+ & VITAL MORAL TAU<T BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,I,V 

,9 ! PREVI\S PAGES ,I HAVE TRI$ TO PO9T \T :Y ,BOL%EVIK PR9CIPLES1 ME?ODS1 & TACTICS FAIL$1 & ?AT SIMIL> PR9CIPLES &  ME?ODS APPLI$ 9 ANY O!R C\NTRY1 EV5 ( ! HI<E/ 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T1 MU/ ALSO FAIL4 ,I HAVE FUR!R %[N ?AT IT IS NOT ONLY ,BOL%EVISM ?AT FAIL$1 BUT ,M>XISM ITSELF4 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 ! ,/,A,T,E ,I,D,E,A1 ! AU?ORIT>IAN PR9CIPLE1 HAS BE5 PROV5 BANKRUPT BY ! EXP]I5CE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,IF ,I W]E TO SUM UP MY "9HOLE >GUM5T 9 ONE S5T5CE ,I %\LD SAY3 ,! 9H]5T T5D5CY ( ! ,/ATE IS TO CONC5TRATE1 TO N>R[1 & MONOPOLIZE ALL SOCIAL ACTIVITIES2 ! NATURE ( REVOLUTION IS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 TO GR[1 TO BROAD51 & DISSEM9ATE ITSELF 9 EV]-WID] CIRCLES4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! ,/ATE IS 9/ITUTIONAL & /ATIC2 REVOLUTION IS FLU5T1 DYNAMIC4 ,!SE TWO T5D5CIES >E 9COMPATIBLE & MUTUALLY DE/RUCTIVE4 ,! ,/ATE IDEA KILL$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & IT MU/ HAVE ! SAME RESULT 9 ALL O!R REVOLUTIONS1 UNLESS ! LIB]T>IAN IDEA PREVAIL4 

,YET ,I GO MU* FUR!R4 ,IT IS NOT ONLY ,BOL%EVISM1 ,M>XISM1 & ,GOV]NM5TALISM :I* >E FATAL TO REVOLUTION AS WELL AS TO ALL VITAL HUMAN PROGRESS4 ,! MA9 CAUSE ( ! DEFEAT ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION LIES MU* DEEP]4 ,IT IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! :OLE ,SOCIALI/ CONCEPTION ( REVOLUTION ITSELF4 

,! DOM9ANT1 ALMO/ G5]AL1 IDEA ( REVOLUTION--P>TICU,I>LY ! ,SOCIALI/ IDEA-IS ?AT REVOLUTION IS A VIOL5T *ANGE ( SOCIAL CONDITIONS ?R\< :I* ONE SOCIAL CLASS1 ! WORK+ CLASS1 BECOMES DOM9ANT OV] ANO!R CLASS1 ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,IT IS ! CONCEPTION ( A PURELY PHYSICAL *ANGE1 & AS SU* IT 9VOLVES ONLY POLITICAL SC5E %IFT+ & 9/ITUTIONAL RE>RANGEM5TS4 ,B\RGEOIS DICTATOR%IP IS REPLAC$ BY ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT 0--OR BY ?AT ( ITS 0ADVANCE GU>D10 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY2 ,L59 TAKES ! SEAT ( ! ,ROMANOVS1 ! ,IMP]IAL ,CAB9ET IS RE*RI/5$ ,SOVIET ( ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS>S1 ,TROTSKY IS APPO9T$ ,M9I/] ( ,W>1 & A LABOR] BECOMES ! ,MILIT>Y ,GOV]NOR ,G5]AL ( ,MOSC[4 ,?AT IS1 9 ESS5CE1 ! ,BOL%EVIK CONCEPTION ( REVOLUTION1 AS TRANSLAT$ 9TO ACTUAL PRACTICE4 ,& ) A FEW M9OR ALT]ATIONS IT IS ALSO ! IDEA ( REVOLUTION HELD BY ALL O!R ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES4 

,?IS CONCEPTION IS 9H]5TLY & FATALLY FALSE4 ,REVOLUTION IS 9DE$ A VIOL5T PROCESS4 ,BUT IF IT IS TO RESULT ONLY 9 A *ANGE ( DICTATOR%IP1 9 A %IFT+ ( NAMES & POLITICAL P]SONALITIES1 !N IT IS H>DLY WOR? :ILE4 ,IT IS SURELY NOT WOR? ALL ! /RUGGLE & SACRIFICE1 ! /UP5D\S LOSS 9 HUMAN LIFE & CULTURAL VALUES ?AT RESULT FROM EV]Y REVOLUTION4 ,IF   
SU* A REVOLUTION W]E EV5 TO BR+ GREAT] SOCIAL WELL BE+ 7:I* HAS NOT BE5 ! CASE 9 ,RUSSIA7 !N IT W\LD ALSO NOT BE WOR? ! T]RIFIC PRICE PAID3 M]E IMPROVEM5T CAN BE BR\<T AB\T )\T BLOODY REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS NOT PALLIATIVES OR RE=MS ?AT >E ! REAL AIM & PURPOSE ( REVOLUTION1 AS ,I CONCEIVE IT4 

,9 MY OP9ION--A ?\S&FOLD /R5G!N$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN EXP]I5CE--! GREAT MISSION ( REVOLUTION1 ( ! ,S,O,C,I,A,L ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N1 IS A FUNDAM5TAL TRANSVALUATION ( VALUES4 ,A TRANSVALUATION NOT ONLY ( SOCIAL1 BUT ALSO ( HUMAN' VALUES4 ,! LATT] >E EV5 PREEM95T1 = !Y >E ! BASIS ( ALL SOCIAL VALUES4 ,\R 9/ITUTIONS & CONDITIONS RE/ UPON DEEP-SEAT$ IDEAS4 ,TO *ANGE ?OSE CONDITIONS & AT !' SAME TIME LEAVE ! UND]LY+ IDEAS & VALUES 9TACT MEANS ONLY A SUP]FICIAL TRANS=MATION1' ONE ?AT CANNOT BE P]MAN5T OR BR+ REAL BETT]M5T4 ,IT IS A *ANGE ( =M ONLY1 NOT ( SUB/ANCE1 AS SO TRAGICALLY PROV5 BY ,RUSSIA4 

,IT IS AT ONCE ! GREAT FAILURE & ! GREAT TRAG$Y ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ?AT IT ATTEMPT$ 79 ! LEAD]%IP ( ! RUL+ POLITICAL P>TY7 TO *ANGE ONLY 9/ITUTIONS & CONDITIONS :ILE IGNOR+ 5TIRELY ! HUMAN & SOCIAL VALUES 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,WORSE YET1 9 ITS MAD PASSION = P[]1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE EV5 S\<T TO /R5G!N & DEEP5 ! V]Y IDEAS & CONCEPTIONS :I* ! ,REVOLUTION HAD COME TO DE/ROY4 ,IT SUPPORT$ & 5C\RAG$ ALL ! WOR/ ANTI-SOCIAL QUALITIES & SY/EMATICALLY DE/ROY$ ! ALREADY AWAK5$ CONCEPTION ( ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y VALUES4 ,! S5SE ( JU/ICE & EQUALITY1 ! LOVE ( LIB]TY & ( HUMAN BRO!RHOOD-!SE FUNDAM5TALS ( ! REAL REG5]ATION ( SOCIETY-! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE SUPPRESS$ TO ! PO9T ( EXT]M9ATION4 ,MAN'S 9/9CTIVE S5SE ( EQUITY WAS BR&$ AS WEAK S5TIM5TALITY2 HUMAN 1DIGNITY & LIB]TY BECAME A B\RGEOIS SUP]/ITION2 ! SANCTITY ( LIFE1 :I* IS ! V]Y ESS5CE ( SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION1 WAS CONDEMN$ AS ANREVOLUTION>Y1 ALMO/ C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y4 ,?IS FE>FUL P]V]SION ( FUNDAM5TAL VALUES BORE )9 ITSELF ! SE$ ( DE/RUCTION4 ,) ! CONCEPTION ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION WAS ONLY A MEANS ( SECUR+ POLITICAL P[]1 IT WAS 9EVITABLE ?AT ALL REVOLUTION>Y VALUES %\LD BE SUBORD9AT$ TO ! NE$S ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,/ATE2 9DE$1 EXPLOIT$ TO FUR!R ! SECURITY ( ! NEWLY ACQUIR$ GOV]NM5TAL  
P[]4 ,REASONS ( ,/ATE10 MASK$ AS ! 09T]E/S ( ! ,REVOLUTION & ( ! ,PEOPLE10 BECAME ! SOLE CRIT]ION ( ACTION1 EV5 ( FEEL+4 ,VIOL5CE1 ! TRAGIC 9EVITABILITY ( REVOLUTION>Y UPHEAVALS1 BECAME AN E/ABLI%$ CU/OM1 A HABIT4 & WAS PRES5TLY 5?RON$ AS ! MO/ P[]FUL & 0IDEAL0 9/ITUTION4 ,DID NOT ,Z9OVIEV HIMSELF CANONIZE ,DZ]ZH9SKY1 ! HEAD ( ! BLOODY ,T*EKA1 AS ! 0SA9T ( ! ,REVOLUTION08 ,W]E NOT ! GREATE/ PUBLIC HONORS PAID BY ! ,/ATE TO ,URITSKY1 ! F\ND] & SADI/IC *IEF ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,T*EKA8 

,?IS P]V]SION ( ! E?ICAL VALUES SOON CRY/ALLIZ$ 9TO ! ALL-DOM9AT+ SLOGAN ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY3 ,! ,5,D ,J,U,/,I,F,I,E,S ,A,L,L ,M,E,A,N,S4 ,SIMIL>LY 9 ! PA/ ! ,9QUISITION & ! ,JESUITS ADOPT$ ?IS MOTTO & SUBORD9AT$ TO IT ALL MORALITY4 ,IT AV5G$ ITSELF UPON ! ,JESUITS AS IT DID UPON ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,9 ! WAKE ( ?IS SLOGAN FOLL[$ LY+1 DECEIT1 HYPOCRISY & TREA*]Y1 MURD]1 OP5 & SECRET4 ,IT %\LD BE ( UTMO/ 9T]E/ TO /UD5TS ( SOCIAL PSY*OLOGY ?AT TWO MOVEM5TS AS WIDELY SEP>AT$ 9 TIME & IDEAS AS ,JESUITISM & ,BOL%EVISM REA*$ EXACTLY SIMIL> RESULTS 9 ! EVOLUTION ( ! PR9CIPLE4 ?AT ! 5D JU/IFIES ALL MEANS4 ,! HI/ORIC P>ALLEL1 ALMO/ 5TIRELY IGNOR$ SO F>1 CONTA9S A MO/ IMPORTANT LESSON = ALL COM+ REVOLUTIONS & = ! :OLE FUTURE ( MANK9D4 

,!RE IS NO GREAT] FALLACY ?AN ! BELIEF ?AT AIMS & PURPOSES >E ONE ?+1 :ILE ME?ODS & TACTICS >E ANO!R4 ,?IS CONCEPTION IS A POT5T M5ACE TO SOCIAL REG5]ATION4 ,ALL HUMAN EXP]I5CE TEA*ES ?AT ME?ODS & MEANS CANNOT BE SEP>AT$ FROM ! ULTIMATE AIM4 ,! MEANS EMPLOY$ BECOME1 ?R\< 9DIVIDUAL HABIT & SOCIAL PRACTICE1 P>T & P>CEL ( ! F9AL PURPOSE2 !Y 9FLU5CE IT1 MODIFY IT1 & PRES5TLY ! AIMS & MEANS BECOME ID5TICAL4 ,FROM ! DAY ( MY >RIVAL 9 ,RUSSIA ,I FELT IT1 AT FIR/ VAGUELY1 !N EV] MORE CONSCI\SLY & CLE>LY4 ,! GREAT & 9SPIR+ AIMS ( ! ,REVOLUTION BECAME SO CL\D$ ) & OBSCUR$ BY ! ME?ODS US$ BY ! RUL+ POLITICAL P[] ?AT IT WAS H>D TO DI/+UI% :AT WAS TEMPOR>Y MEANS & :AT F9AL PURPOSE4 ,PSY*OLOGICALLY & SOCIALLY ! MEANS NECESS>ILY 9FLU5CE & ALT] ! AIMS4 ,! :OLE HI/ORY ( MAN IS CONT9U\S PRO( ( ! MAXIM ?AT TO DIVE/ ONE'S ME?ODS ( E?ICAL CONCEPTS MEANS TO ,S9K 9TO ! DEP?S ( UTT] DEMORALIZATION4 ,9 ?AT LIES ! REAL TRAG$Y ( ! ,BOL%EVIK PHILOSOPHY AS APPLI$ TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,MAY ?IS LESSON NOT BE 9 VA94 

,NO REVOLUTION CAN EV] SUCCE$ AS A FACTOR ( LIB]ATION UNLESS ! ,M,E,A,N,S US$ TO FUR!R IT BE ID5TICAL 9 SPIRIT & T5D5CY ) ! ,P,U,R,P,O,S,E,S TO BE A*IEV$4 ,REVOLUTION IS ! NEGATION ( ! EXI/+1 A VIOL5T PROTE/ AGA9/ MAN'S 9HUMANITY TO MAN ) ALL ! ?\S& & ONE SLAV]IES IT 9VOLVES4 ,IT IS ! DE/ROY] ( DOM9ANT VALUES UPON :I* A COMPLEX SY/EM ( 9JU/ICE1 OPPRESSION1 & WRONG HAS BE5 BUILT UP BY IGNORANCE & BRUTALITY4 -,IT IS ! H]ALD ( ,N,E,W ,V,A,L,U,E,S1 U%]+ 9 A TRANS=MATION ( ! BASIC RELATIONS ( MAN TO MAN1 & ( MAN TO SOCIETY4 ,IT IS NOT A M]E RE=M]1 PAT*+ UP SOME SOCIAL EVILS2 NOT A M]E *ANG] ( =MS & 9/ITUTIONS2 NOT ONLY A RE-DI/RIBUTOR ( SOCIAL WELL-BE+4 ,IT IS ALL ?AT1 YET MORE1 MU* MORE4 ,IT IS1 FIR/ & =EMO/1 ! ,T,R,A,N,S,V,A,L,U,A,T,O,R1 ! BE>] ( NEW VALUES4 ,IT IS ! GREAT ,T,E,A,*,] ,( ! ,N,E,W ,E,?,I,C,S1 9SPIR+ MAN ) A NEW CONCEPT ( LIFE & ITS MANIFE/ATIONS 9 SOCIAL RELATION%IPS4 ,IT IS ! M5TAL & SPIRITUAL REG5]ATOR4 

,ITS FIR/ E?ICAL PRECEPT IS ! ID5TITY ( MEANS US$ & AIMS S\<T4 ,! ULTIMATE 5D ( ALL REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL *ANGE IS TO E/ABLI% ! SANCTITY ( HUMAN LIFE1 ! DIGNITY ( MAN1 ! RI<T ( EV]Y HUMAN BE+ TO LIB]TY & WELL 
BE+4 ,UNLESS ?IS BE ! ESS5TIAL AIM ( REVOLUTION1 VIOL5T SOCIAL *ANGES W\LD HAVE NO JU/IFICATION4 ,= EXT]NAL SOCIAL ALT]ATIONS CAN BE1 & HAVE BE51 ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! NORMAL PROCESSES ( EVOLUTION4 ,REVOLUTION1 ON ! CONTR>Y4 SIGNIFIES NOT M]E EXT]NAL *ANGE1 BUT 9T]NAL1 BASIC1 FUNDAM5TAL *ANGE4 ,?AT 9T]NAL *ANGE ( CONCEPTS & IDEAS1 P]MEAT+ EV]-L>G] SOCIAL /RATA1 F9ALLY CULM9ATES 9 ! VIOL5T UPHEAVAL KN[N AS REVOLUTION4 ,%ALL ?AT CLIMAX REV]SE ! PROCESS ( TRANSVALUATION1 TURN AGA9/ IT1 BETRAY IT8 ,?AT IS :AT HAPP5$ 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! REVOLUTION ITSELF MU/ QUIC- K5 & FUR!R ! PROCESS ( :I* IT IS ! CUMULATIVE EXPRESSION2 ITS MA9 MISSION IS TO 9SPIRE IT1 TO C>RY IT TO GREAT] HEI<TS1 GIVE IT FULLE/ SCOPE = EXPRESSION4 ,ONLY ?US IS REVOLUTION TRUE TO ITSELF4 

,APPLI$ 9 PRACTICE IT MEANS ?AT ! P]IOD ( ! ACTUAL REVOLUTION1 ! SO-CALL$ TRANSITORY /AGE1 MU/ BE ! 9TRODUCTION1 ! PRELUDE TO ! NEW SOCIAL CONDITIONS4 ,IT IS ! ?RE%OLD TO ! ,N,E,W ,L,I,F,E1 ! NEW ,H,\,S,E ,( ,M,A,N ,& ,H,U,M,A,N,I,T,Y ,AS SU* IT MU/ HE ( ! SPIRIT ( ! NEW LIFE1 H>MONI\S ) ! CON/RUCTION ( ! NEW $IFICE4 

,TO-DAY IS ! P>5T ( TO-MORR[4 ,! PRES5T CA/S ITS %AD[ F> 9TO ! FUTURE4 ,?AT IS ! LAW ( LIFE1 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL4 ,REVOLUTION ?AT DIVE/S ITSELF ( E?ICAL VALUES!REBY LAYS ! F\NDATION ( 9JU/ICE1 DECEIT1 & OPPRESSION = ! FUTURE SOCIETY4 ,! MEANS US$ TO PREP>E ! FUTURE BECOME ITS CORN]/ONE4 ,WITNESS ! TRAGIC CONDITION ( ,RUSSIA4 ,! ME?ODS ( ,/ATE C5TRALIZATION HAVE P>ALYZ$ 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE & EF=T2! TYRANNY ( ! DICTATOR%IP HAS C[$ ! PEOPLE 9TO SLAVI% SUBMISSION & ALL BUT EXT+UI%$ ! FIRES ( LIB]TY2 ORGANIZ$ T]RORISM HAS DEPRAV$ & BRUTALIZ$ ! MASSES & /IFL$ EV]Y IDEALI/IC ASPIRATION2 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ MURD] HAS *EAP5$ HUMAN LIFE1& ALL S5SE ( ! DIGNITY ( MAN & ! VALUE ( LIFE HAS BE5 ELIM9AT$2 CO]CION AT EV]Y/EP HAS MADE EF=T BITT]1 LABOR A PUNI%M5T1 HAS TURN$ ! :OLE ( EXI/5CE 9TO A S*EME ( MUTUAL DECEIT1 & HAS REVIV$ ! L[E/ & MO/ BRUTAL 9/9CTS ( MAN4 ,A SORRY H]ITAGE TO BEG9 A NEW LIFE ( FRE$OM & BRO!RHOOD4 

,IT CANNOT BE SUFFICI5TLY EMPHASIZ$ ?AT REVOLUTION IS 9 VA9 UNLESS 9SPIR$ BY ITS ULTIMATE IDEAL4 ,REVOLUTION>Y ME?ODS MU/ BE 9 TUNE  ) REVOLUTION>Y AIMS4 ,! MEANS US$ TO FUR!R ! REVOLUTION MU/ H>MONIZE ) ITS PURPOSES4 ,9 %ORT1 ! E?ICAL VALUES :I* ! REVOLUTION IS TO E/ABLI% 9 ! NEW SOCIETY MU/ BE 9ITIAT$ ) ! REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITIES ( ! SO-CALL$ TRANSITIONAL P]IOD4 ,! LATT] CAN S]VE AS A REAL & DEP5DABLE BRIDGE TO ! BETT] LIFE ONLY IF BUILT ( ! SAME MAT]IAL AS ! LIFE TO BE A*IEV$4 ,REVOLUTION IS ! MIRROR ( ! COM+ DAY2 IT IS ! *ILD ?AT IS TO BE ! ,MAN ( ,TO-MORR[4 

,! ,5,D 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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