,PREFACE TO ,FIR/ ,VOLUME ( ,AM]ICAN ,$ITION 

#aibcaibc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,NILE ,LIVESEY1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T ,9 ,RUSSIA 

7,LONDON3 ,C4 ,W4 ,DANIEL ,COMPANY1 #a#i#b#e7 

,P,R,E,F,A,C,E 

,TO ,FIR/ ,VOLUME ( ,AM]ICAN ,$ITION 

,! DECISION TO RECORD MY EXP]I5CES1 OBS]VATIONS1 & REACTIONS 
DUR+ MY /AY 9 ,RUSSIA ,I HAD MADE LONG BE=E ,I ?\<T ( LEAV+ 
?AT C\NTRY4 ,9 FACT1 ?AT WAS MY MA9 REASON = DEP>T+ FROM 
?AT TRAGICALLY H]OIC L&4 

,! /RONGE/ ( US >E LOA! TO GIVE UP A LONG-*]I%$ DREAM4 
,I HAD COME TO ,RUSSIA POSSESS$ BY ! HOPE ?AT ,I %\LD F9D 
A NEW-BORN C\NTRY1 ) ITS PEOPLE :OLLY CONSECRAT$ TO ! 
GREAT1 ?\< V]Y DIFFICULT1 TASK ( REVOLUTION>Y RECON/RUCTION4 
,& ,I HAD F]V5TLY HOP$ ?AT ,I MI<T BECOME AN ACTIVE P>T ( 
! 9SPIR+ WORK4 

,I F\ND REALITY 9 ,RUSSIA GROTESQUE1 TOTALLY UNLIKE ! GREAT 
IDEAL ?AT HAD BORNE ME UPON ! CRE/ ( HI< HOPE TO ! L& 
( PROMISE4 ,IT REQUIR$ FIFTE5 LONG MON?S BE=E ,I C\LD GET 
MY BE>+S4 ,EA* DAY1 EA* WEEK1 EA* MON? ADD$ NEW L9KS TO 
! FATAL *A9 ?AT PULL$ D[N MY *]I%$ $IFICE4 ,I F\<T 
DESP]ATELY AGA9/ ! DISILLUSIONM5T4 ,= A LONG TIME ,I /ROVE 
AGA9/ ! /ILL VOICE )9 ME :I* URG$ ME TO FACE ! OV]P[]+ 
FACTS4 ,I W\LD NOT & C\LD NOT GIVE UP4 

,!N CAME ,KRON/ADT4 ,IT WAS ! F9AL WR5*4 ,IT COMPLET$ ! 
T]RIBLE REALIZATION ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS NO MORE4 

,I SAW BE=E ME ! ,BOL%EVIK ,/ATE1 =MIDABLE1 CRU%+ EV]Y 
CON/RUCTIVE REVOLUTION>Y EF=T1 SUPPRESS+1 DEBAS+1 & 
DIS9TEGRAT+ EV]Y?+4 ,UNABLE & UNWILL+ TO BECOME A COG 
9 ?AT S9I/] MA*9E1 & AW>E ?AT ,I C\LD BE ( NO PRACTICAL 
USE TO ,RUSSIA & H] PEOPLE1 ,I DECID$ TO LEAVE ! C\NTRY4 
,ONCE \T ( IT1 ,I W\LD RELATE HONE/LY1 FRANKLY1 & AS OBJECTIVELY 
AS HUMANLY POSSIBLE TO ME ! /ORY ( MY TWO YE>S' /AY 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,I LEFT 9 ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#b#a4 ,I C\LD HAVE WRITT5 !N1 FRE% UND] 
! 9FLU5CE ( ! <A/LY EXP]I5CE4 ,BUT ,I WAIT$ F\R MON?S 
BE=E ,I C\LD BR+ MYSELF TO WRITE A S]IES ( >TICLES4 ,I DELAY$ 
ANO!R F\R MON?S BE=E BEG9N+ ! PRES5T VOLUME4 

,I DO NOT PRET5D TO WRITE A HI/ORY4 ,REMOV$ BY FIFTY OR A HUNDR$ 
YE>S FROM ! EV5TS HE IS DESCRIB+1 ! HI/ORIAN MAY SEEM 
TO BE OBJECTIVE4 ,BUT REAL HI/ORY IS NOT A COMPILATION ( M]E 
DATA4 ,IT IS VALUELESS )\T ! HUMAN ELEM5T :I* ! HI/ORIAN 
NECESS>ILY GETS FROM ! WRIT+S ( ! CONTEMPOR>IES ( ! 
EV5TS 9 QUE/ION4 ,IT IS ! P]SONAL REACTIONS ( ! P>TICIPANTS 
& OBS]V]S :I* L5D VITALITY TO ALL HI/ORY & MAKE IT VIVID 
& ALIVE4 ,?US1 NUM]\S HI/ORIES HAVE BE5 WRITT5 ( ! ,FR5* 
,REVOLUTION2 YET !RE >E ONLY A V]Y FEW ?AT /& \T TRUE 
& CONV9C+1 ILLUM9ATIVE 9 ! DEGREE 9 :I* ! HI/ORIAN 
HAS FELT HIS SUBJECT ?R\< ! M$IUM ( HUMAN DOCUM5TS 
LEFT BY ! CONTEMPOR>IES ( ! P]IOD4 

,I MYSELF--& ,I BELIEVE1 MO/ /UD5TS ( HI/ORY--HAVE FELT & 
VISUALIZ$ ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION MU* MORE VITALLY FROM 
! LETT]S & DI>IES ( CONTEMPOR>IES1 SU* AS ,MME4 ,ROL&1 
,MIRABEAU1 & O!R EYE WITNESSES1 ?AN FROM ! SO-CALL$ OBJECTIVE 
HI/ORIANS4 ,BY A /RANGE CO9CID5CE A VOLUME ( LETT]S WRITT5 
DUR+ ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION & COMPIL$ BY ! ABLE ,G]MAN AN>*I/ 
PUBLICI/1 ,GU/AV ,L&AU]1 CAME 9TO MY H&S DUR+ ! MO/ 
CRITICAL P]IOD ( MY ,RUSSIAN EXP]I5CE4 ,I WAS ACTUALLY READ+ 
!M :ILE HE>+ ! ,BOL%EVIK >TILL]Y BEG9 ! BOMB>DM5T 
( ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS4 ,?OSE LETT]S GAVE ME A MO/ VIVID 9SI<T 
9TO ! EV5TS ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 ,AS NEV] BE=E !Y 
BR\<T HOME TO ME ! REALIZATION ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME 
9 ,RUSSIA WAS1 ON ! :OLE1 A SIGNIFICANT REPLICA ( :AT HAD 
HAPP5$ 9 ,FRANCE MORE ?AN A C5TURY BE=E4 

,GREAT 9T]PRET]S ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 LIKE ,?OMAS ,C>LYLE 
& ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 DREW !IR UND]/&+ & 9SPIRATION 
FROM ! HUMAN RECORDS ( ! P]IOD4 ,SIMIL>LY WILL ! FUTURE 
HI/ORIANS ( ! ,GREAT ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION--IF !Y >E TO WRITE 
REAL HI/ORY & NOT A M]E COMPILATION ( FACTS--DRAW FROM ! 
IMPRESSIONS & REACTIONS ( ?OSE :O HAVE LIV$ ?R\< ! 
,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 :O HAVE %>$ ! MIS]Y & TRAVAIL ( 
! PEOPLE1 & :O ACTUALLY P>TICIPAT$ 9 OR WITNESS$ ! 
TRAGIC PANORAMA 9 ITS DAILY UNFOLDM5T4 

,:ILE 9 ,RUSSIA ,I HAD NO CLE> IDEA H[ MU* HAD ALREADY BE5 
WRITT5 ON ! SUBJECT ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,BUT ! FEW 
BOOKS :I* REA*$ ME OCCASIONALLY IMPRESS$ ME AS MO/ 9ADEQUATE4 
,!Y W]E WRITT5 BY PEOPLE ) NO FIR/-H& KN[L$GE ( ! 
SITUATION & W]E SADLY SUP]FICIAL4 ,SOME ( ! WRIT]S HAD 
SP5T FROM TWO WEEKS TO TWO MON?S 9 ,RUSSIA1 DID NOT KN[ ! 
LANGUAGE ( ! C\NTRY1 & 9 MO/ 9/ANCES W]E *AP]ON$ 
BY (FICIAL GUIDES & 9T]PRET]S4 ,I DO NOT REF] H]E TO ! 
WRIT]S :O1 9 & \T ( ,RUSSIA1 PLAY ! ROLE ( ,BOL%EVIK 
C\RT FUNCTION>IES4 ,!Y >E A CLASS AP>T4 ,) !M ,I DEAL 
9 ! *APT] ON ! 0,TRAVEL+ ,SALESM5 ( ! ,REVOLUTION40 
,H]E ,I HAVE 9 M9D ! S9C]E FRI5DS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 
,! WORK ( MO/ ( !M HAS RESULT$ 9 9CALCULABLE CONFUSION 
& MIS*IEF4 ,!Y HAVE HELP$ TO P]PETUATE ! MY? ?AT ! 
,BOL%EVIKI & ! ,REVOLUTION >E SYNONYM\S4 ,YET NO?+ IS FUR!R 
FROM ! TRU?4 

,! ACTUAL ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION TOOK PLACE 9 ! SUMM] MON?S 
( #a#i#a#g4 ,DUR+ ?AT P]IOD ! PEASANTS POSSESS$ !MSELVES 
( ! L&1 ! WORK]S ( ! FACTORIES1 ?US DEMON/RAT+ 
?AT !Y KNEW WELL ! MEAN+ ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,! ,OCTOB] 
*ANGE WAS ! F9I%+ T\* TO ! WORK BEGUN SIX MON?S PREVI\SLY4 
,9 ! GREAT UPRIS+ ! ,BOL%EVIKI ASSUM$ ! VOICE ( ! 
PEOPLE4 ,!Y CLO!D !MSELVES ) ! AGR>IAN PROGRAM ( 
! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTIONI/S & ! 9DU/RIAL TACTICS ( ! ,AN>*I/S4 
,BUT AFT] ! HI< TIDE ( REVOLUTION>Y 5?USIASM HAD C>RI$ 
!M 9TO P[]1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI DISC>D$ !IR FALSE PLUMES4 
,IT WAS !N ?AT BEGAN ! SPIRITUAL SEP>ATION BETWE5 ! ,BOL%EVIKI 
& ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,) EA* SUCCE$+ DAY ! GAP GREW 
WID]1 !IR 9T]E/S MORE CONFLICT+4 ,TO-DAY IT IS NO EXAGG]ATION 
TO /ATE ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI /& AS ! >* 5EMIES ( ! 
,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,SUP]/ITIONS DIE H>D4 ,9 ! CASE ( ?IS MOD]N SUP]/ITION 
! PROCESS IS D\BLY H>D BECAUSE V>I\S FACTORS HAVE COMB9$ 
TO ADM9I/] >TIFICIAL RESPIRATION4 ,9T]NATIONAL 9T]V5TION1 
! BLOCKADE1 & ! V]Y EFFICI5T WORLD PROPAG&A ( ! ,COMMUNI/ 
,P>TY HAVE KEPT ! ,BOL%EVIK MY? ALIVE4 ,EV5 ! T]RIBLE FAM9E 
IS BE+ EXPLOIT$ TO ?AT 5D4 

,H[ P[]FUL A HOLD ?AT SUP]/ITION WIELDS ,I REALIZE FROM MY 
[N EXP]I5CE4 ,I HAD ALWAYS KN[N ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI >E ,M>XI/S4 
,= ?IRTY YE>S ,I F\<T ! ,M>XIAN !ORY AS A COLD1 ME*ANI/IC1 
5SLAV+ =MULA4 ,9 PAMPHLETS1 LECTURES & DEBATES ,I >GU$ 
AGA9/ IT4 ,I WAS !RE=E NOT UNAW>E ( :AT MI<T BE EXPECT$ 
FROM ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,BUT ! ,ALLI$ ATTACK UPON !M MADE !M 
! SYMBOL ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 & BR\<T ME TO !IR 
DEF5SE4 

,FROM ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#a#g1 UNTIL ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#a#h1 :ILE \T ON BAIL = 
MY ATTITUDE AGA9/ ! W>1 ,I T\R$ ,AM]ICA 9 DEF5SE ( ! 
,BOL%EVIKI4 ,I PUBLI%$ A PAMPHLET 9 ELUCIDATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN 
,REVOLUTION & 9 JU/IFICATION ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,I DEF5D$ 
!M AS EMBODY+ 9 PRACTICE ! SPIRIT ( ! REVOLUTION1 
9 SPITE ( !IR !ORETIC ,M>XISM4 ,MY ATTITUDE T[>D !M AT 
?AT TIME IS *>ACT]IZ$ 9 ! FOLL[+ PASSAGES FROM MY PAMPHLET1 
0,! ,TRU? ,AB\T ! ,BOL%EVIKI30"9 
,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION IS A MIRACLE 9 MORE ?AN ONE RESPECT4 
,AMONG O!R EXTRAORD9>Y P>ADOXES IT PRES5TS ! PH5OM5ON 
( ! ,M>XIAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 ,L59 & ,TROTSKY1 ADOPT+ ,AN>*I/ 
REVOLUTION>Y TACTICS1 :ILE ! ,AN>*I/S ,KROPOTK91 ,T*]KESSOV1 
,TS*AIKOVSKY >E D5Y+ !SE TACTICS & FALL+ 9TO ,M>XIAN 
REASON+1 :I* !Y HAD ALL !IR LIVES REPUDIAT$ AS 0,G]MAN 
METAPHYSICS40 

,! ,BOL%EVIKI ( #a#i#c1 ?\< REVOLUTIONI/S1 ADH]$ TO ! 
,M>XIAN DOCTR9E CONC]N+ ! 9DU/RIALIZATION ( ,RUSSIA & 
! HI/ORIC MISSION ( ! B\RGEOISIE AS A NECESS>Y EVOLUTION>Y 
PROCESS BE=E ! ,RUSSIAN MASSES C\LD COME 9TO !IR [N4 ,! 
,BOL%EVIKI ( #aiag NO LONG] BELIEVE 9 ! PR$E/9$ FUNCTION 
( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 SWEPT =W>D ON ! WAVES 
( ,BAKUN92 NAMELY1 ?AT ONCE ! MASSES BECOME CONSCI\S ( !IR 
ECONOMIC P[]1 !Y MAKE !IR [N HI/ORY & NE$ NOT BE B\ND 
BY TRADITIONS & PROCESSES ( A DEAD PA/ :I*1 LIKE SECRET 
TREATIES1 >E MADE AT A R\ND TABLE & >E NOT DICTAT$ BY LIFE 
ITSELF4 

"9,MO!R ,E>? ,PUBLI%+ ,ASSOCIATION1 ,NEW ,YORK1 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#a#g4 

,9 #a#i#a#h1 ,MADAME ,BRE%KOVSKY VISIT$ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & BEGAN 
H] CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,I WAS !N 9 ! ,MISS\RI 
,P5IT5TI>Y4 ,GRIEV$ & %OCK$ BY ! WORK ( ! 0,LITTLE 
,GR&MO!R ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION10 ,I WROTE IMPLOR+ 
H] TO BE?9K H]SELF & NOT BETRAY ! CAUSE %E HAD GIV5 
H] LIFE TO4 ,ON ?AT OCCASION ,I EMPHASIZ$ ! FACT ?AT :ILE 
NEI!R ( US AGRE$ ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI 9 !ORY1 WE %\LD 
YET BE ONE ) !M 9 DEF5D+ ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,:5 ! ,C\RTS ( ! ,/ATE ( ,NEW ,YORK UPHELD ! FRAUDUL5T 
ME?ODS BY :I* ,I WAS DISFRAN*IZ$ & MY ,AM]ICAN CITIZ5%IP 
( ?IRTY-TWO YE>S D5I$ ME1 ,I WAIV$ MY RI<T ( APPEAL 9 
ORD] ?AT ,I MI<T RETURN TO ,RUSSIA & HELP 9 ! GREAT WORK4 
,I BELIEV$ F]V5TLY ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKI W]E FUR!R+ ! ,REVOLUTION 
& EX]T+ !MSELVES 9 BEHALF ( ! PEOPLE4 ,I CLUNG TO MY 
FAI? & BELIEF = MORE ?AN A YE> AFT] MY COM+ TO ,RUSSIA4 

,OBS]VATION & /UDY1 EXT5SIVE TRAVEL ?R\< V>I\S P>TS 
( ! C\NTRY1 MEET+ ) EV]Y %ADE ( POLITICAL OP9ION 
& EV]Y V>IETY ( FRI5D & 5EMY ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI--ALL CONV9C$ 
ME ( ! <A/LY DELUSION :I* HAD BE5 FOI/$ UPON ! WORLD4 

,I REF] TO !SE CIRCUM/ANCES TO 9DICATE ?AT MY *ANGE ( M9D 
& HE>T WAS A PA9FUL & DIFFICULT PROCESS1 & ?AT MY F9AL 
DECISION TO SPEAK \T IS = ! SOLE REASON ?AT ! PEOPLE EV]Y:]E 
MAY LE>N TO DIFF]5TIATE BETWE5 ! ,BOL%EVIKI & ! ,RUSSIAN 
,REVOLUTION4 

,! CONV5TIONAL CONCEPTION ( GRATITUDE IS ?AT ONE MU/ NOT 
BE CRITICAL ( ?OSE :O HAVE %[N HIM K9DNESS4 ,?ANKS TO ?IS 
NOTION P>5TS 5?RALL$ !IR *ILDR5 MORE EFFECTIVELY ?AN BY 
BRUTAL TREATM5T2 & BY IT FRI5DS TYRANNIZE OV] ONE ANO!R4 
,9 FACT1 ALL HUMAN RELATION%IPS >E TO-DAY VITIAT$ BY ?IS NOXI\S 
IDEA4 

,SOME PEOPLE HAVE UPBRAID$ ME = MY CRITICAL ATTITUDE T[>D 
! ,BOL%EVIKI4 0,H[ UNGRATEFUL TO ATTACK ! ,COMMUNI/ ,GOV]NM5T 
AFT] ! HOSPITALITY & K9DNESS %E 5JOY$ 9 ,RUSSIA60 
!Y 9DIGNANTLY EXCLAIM4 ,I DO NOT MEAN TO GA9SAY ?AT ,I HAVE 
RECEIV$ ADVANTAGES :ILE ,I WAS 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,I C\LD HAVE RECEIV$ 
MANY MORE HAD ,I BE5 WILL+ TO S]VE ! P[]S ?AT BE4 ,IT IS 
?AT V]Y CIRCUM/ANCE :I* HAS MADE IT BITT]LY H>D = ME 
TO SPEAK \T AGA9/ ! EVILS AS ,I SAW !M DAY BY DAY4 ,BUT F9ALLY 
,I REALIZ$ ?AT SIL5CE IS 9DE$ A SIGN ( CONS5T4 ,NOT TO CRY 
\T AGA9/ ! BETRAYAL ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION W\LD HAVE 
MADE ME A P>TY TO ?AT BETRAYAL4 ,! ,REVOLUTION & ! WELF>E 
( ! MASSES 9 & \T ( ,RUSSIA >E BY F> TOO IMPORTANT TO 
ME TO ALL[ ANY P]SONAL CONSID]ATION = ! ,COMMUNI/S ,I HAVE 
MET & LE>N$ TO RESPECT TO OBSCURE MY S5SE ( JU/ICE & 
TO CAUSE ME TO REFRA9 FROM GIV+ TO ! WORLD MY TWO YE>S' 
EXP]I5CE 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,9 C]TA9 QU>T]S OBJECTIONS WILL NO D\BT BE RAIS$ BECAUSE 
,I HAVE GIV5 NO NAMES ( ! P]SONS ,I AM QUOT+4 ,SOME MAY EV5 
EXPLOIT ! FACT TO DISCR$IT MY V]ACITY4 ,BUT ,I PREF] TO FACE 
?AT RA!R ?AN TO TURN ANY ONE OV] TO ! T5D] M]CIES ( 
! ,T*EKA1 :I* W\LD 9EVITABLY RESULT W]E ,I TO DIVULGE ! 
NAMES ( ! ,COMMUNI/S OR NON-,COMMUNI/S :O FELT FREE TO SPEAK 
TO ME4 ,?OSE FAMILI> ) ! REAL SITUATION 9 ,RUSSIA & :O 
>E NOT UND] ! MESM]IC 9FLU5CE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK SUP]/ITION 
OR 9 ! EMPLOY ( ! ,COMMUNI/S WILL BE> ME \T ?AT ,I HAVE 
GIV5 A TRUE PICTURE4 ,! RE/ ( ! WORLD WILL LE>N 9 DUE 
TIME4 

,FRI5DS :OSE OP9ION ,I VALUE HAVE BE5 GOOD 5\< TO SUGGE/ 
?AT MY QU>REL ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI IS DUE TO MY SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY 
RA!R ?AN TO ! FAILURE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME4 ,AS 
AN ,AN>*I/1 !Y CLAIM1 ,I W\LD NATURALLY 9SI/ ON ! IMPORTANCE 
( ! 9DIVIDUAL & ( P]SONAL LIB]TY1 BUT 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y 
P]IOD BO? MU/ BE SUBORD9AT$ TO ! GOOD ( ! :OLE4 ,O!R 
FRI5DS PO9T \T ?AT DE/RUCTION1 VIOL5CE1 & T]RORISM >E 
9EVITABLE FACTORS 9 A REVOLUTION4 ,AS A REVOLUTIONI/1 !Y SAY1 
,I CANNOT CONSI/5TLY OBJECT TO ! VIOL5CE PRACTIC$ BY ! 
,BOL%EVIKI4 

,BO? !SE CRITICISMS W\LD BE JU/IFI$ HAD ,I COME TO ,RUSSIA 
EXPECT+ TO F9D ,AN>*ISM REALIZ$1 OR IF ,I W]E TO MA9TA9 
?AT REVOLUTIONS CAN BE MADE PEACEFULLY4 ,AN>*ISM TO ME NEV] 
WAS A ME*ANI/IC >RANGEM5T ( SOCIAL RELATION%IPS TO BE IMPOS$ 
UPON MAN BY POLITICAL SC5E-%IFT+ OR BY A TRANSF] ( P[] 
FROM ONE SOCIAL CLASS TO ANO!R4 ,AN>*ISM TO ME WAS & IS ! 
*ILD1 NOT ( DE/RUCTION1 BUT ( CON/RUCTION--! RESULT ( 
GR[? & DEVELOPM5T ( ! CONSCI\S CREATIVE SOCIAL EF=TS 
( A REG5]AT$ PEOPLE4 ,I DO NOT !RE=E EXPECT ,AN>*ISM TO 
FOLL[ 9 ! IMM$IATE FOOT/EPS ( C5TURIES ( DESPOTISM & 
SUBMISSION4 ,& ,I C]TA9LY DID NOT EXPECT TO SEE IT U%]$ 9 
BY ! ,M>XIAN !ORY4 

,I DID1 H[EV]1 HOPE TO F9D 9 ,RUSSIA AT LEA/ ! BEG9N+S 
( ! SOCIAL *ANGES = :I* ! ,REVOLUTION HAD BE5 F\<T4 
,NOT ! FATE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL WAS MY MA9 CONC]N AS A REVOLUTIONI/4 
,I %\LD HAVE BE5 CONT5T IF ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S & PEASANTS 
AS A :OLE HAD D]IV$ ESS5TIAL SOCIAL BETT]M5T AS A RESULT 
( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME4 

,TWO YE>S ( E>NE/ /UDY1 9VE/IGATION1 & RESE>* CONV9C$ 
ME ?AT ! GREAT B5EFITS BR\<T TO ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE BY ,BOL%EVISM 
EXI/ ONLY ON PAP]1 PA9T$ 9 GL[+ COLORS TO ! MASSES 
( ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA BY EFFICI5T ,BOL%EVIK PROPAG&A4 ,AS ADV]TIS+ 
WIZ>DS ! ,BOL%EVIKI EXCEL ANY?+ ! WORLD HAD EV] KN[N 
BE=E4 ,BUT 9 REALITY ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE HAVE GA9$ NO?+ 
FROM ! ,BOL%EVIK EXP]IM5T4 ,TO BE SURE1 ! PEASANTS HAVE ! 
L&2 NOT BY ! GRACE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 BUT ?R\< !IR [N 
DIRECT EF=TS1 SET 9 MOTION LONG BE=E ! ,OCTOB] *ANGE4 
,?AT ! PEASANTS W]E ABLE TO RETA9 ! L& IS DUE MO/LY TO 
! /ATIC ,SLAV T5ACITY2 [+ TO ! CIRCUM/ANCE ?AT !Y 
=M BY F> ! L>GE/ P>T ( ! POPULATION & >E DEEPLY 
ROOT$ 9 ! SOIL1 !Y C\LD NOT AS EASILY BE TORN AWAY FROM 
IT AS ! WORK]S FROM !IR MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 

,! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S1 LIKE ! PEASANTS1 ALSO EMPLOY$ DIRECT ACTION4 
,!Y POSSESS$ !MSELVES ( ! FACTORIES1 ORGANIZ$ !IR [N 
%OP COMMITTEES1 & W]E VIRTUALLY 9 CONTROL ( ! ECONOMIC 
LIFE ( ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT SOON !Y W]E /RIPP$ ( !IR P[] & 
PLAC$ UND] ! 9DU/RIAL YOKE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,/ATE4 ,*ATTEL 
SLAV]Y BECAME ! LOT ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT4 ,IT WAS SUPPRESS$ 
& EXPLOIT$ 9 ! NAME ( SOME?+ :I* WAS LAT] TO BR+ 
IT COM=T1 LI<T1 & W>M?4 ,TRY AS ,I MI<T ,I C\LD F9D NO:]E 
ANY EVID5CE ( B5EFITS RECEIV$ EI!R BY ! WORK]S OR ! 
PEASANTS FROM ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ,I DID F9D ! REVOLUTION>Y FAI? ( ! PEOPLE 
BROK51 ! SPIRIT ( SOLID>ITY CRU%$1 ! MEAN+ ( COMRADE%IP 
& MUTUAL HELPFULNESS DI/ORT$4 ,ONE MU/ HAVE LIV$ 9 ,RUSSIA1 
CLOSE TO ! EV]YDAY AFFAIRS ( ! PEOPLE2 ONE MU/ HAVE SE5 
& FELT !IR UTT] DISILLUSIONM5T & DESPAIR TO APPRECIATE 
FULLY ! DIS9TEGRAT+ EFFECT ( ! ,BOL%EVIK PR9CIPLE & 
ME?ODS--DIS9TEGRAT+ ALL ?AT WAS ONCE ! PRIDE & ! GLORY 
( REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA4 

,! >GUM5T ?AT DE/RUCTION & T]ROR >E P>T ( REVOLUTION 
,I DO NOT DISPUTE4 ,I KN[ ?AT 9 ! PA/ EV]Y GREAT POLITICAL 
& SOCIAL *ANGE NECESSITAT$ VIOL5CE4 ,AM]ICA MI<T /ILL BE 
UND] ! ,BRITI% YOKE BUT = ! H]OIC COLONI/S :O D>$ 
TO OPPOSE ,BRITI% TYRANNY BY =CE ( >MS4 ,BLACK SLAV]Y MI<T 
/ILL BE A LEGALIZ$ 9/ITUTION 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BUT = 
! MILITANT SPIRIT ( ! ,JOHN ,BR[NS4 ,I HAVE NEV] D5I$ ?AT 
VIOL5CE IS 9EVITABLE1 NOR DO ,I GA9SAY IT N[4 ,YET IT IS ONE 
?+ TO EMPLOY VIOL5CE 9 COMBAT1 AS A MEANS ( DEF5SE4 ,IT 
IS QUITE ANO!R ?+ TO MAKE A PR9CIPLE ( T]RORISM1 TO 9/ITUTIONALIZE 
IT1 TO ASSIGN IT ! MO/ VITAL PLACE 9 ! SOCIAL /RUGGLE4 
,SU* T]RORISM BEGETS C\NT]-REVOLUTION & 9 TURN ITSELF BECOMES 
C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y4 

,R>ELY HAS A REVOLUTION BE5 F\<T ) AS LITTLE VIOL5CE AS 
! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,NOR W\LD HAVE ,R$ ,T]ROR FOLL[$ HAD 
! PEOPLE & ! CULTURAL =CES REMA9$ 9 CONTROL ( ! 
,REVOLUTION4 ,?IS WAS DEMON/RAT$ BY ! SPIRIT ( FELL[%IP 
& SOLID>ITY :I* PREVAIL$ ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA DUR+ ! FIR/ 
MON?S AFT] ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION4 ,BUT AN 9SIGNIFICANT M9ORITY 
B5T ON CREAT+ AN ABSOLUTE ,/ATE IS NECESS>ILY DRIV5 TO OPPRESSION 
& T]RORISM4 

,!RE IS ANO!R OBJECTION TO MY CRITICISM ON ! P>T ( ! 
,COMMUNI/S4 ,RUSSIA IS ON /RIKE1 !Y SAY1 & IT IS UNE?ICAL 
= A REVOLUTIONI/ TO SIDE AGA9/ ! WORK]S :5 !Y >E 
/RIK+ AGA9/ !IR MA/]S4 ,?AT IS PURE DEMAGOG]Y PRACTIC$ 
BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI TO SIL5CE CRITICISM4 

,IT IS NOT TRUE ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE >E ON /RIKE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 
! TRU? ( ! MATT] IS ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE HAVE BE5 LOCK$ 
\T & ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK ,/ATE--EV5 AS ! B\RGEOIS 9DU/RIAL 
MA/]--USES ! SWORD & ! GUN TO KEEP ! PEOPLE \T4 ,9 
! CASE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI ?IS TYRANNY IS MASK$ BY A WORLD-/IRR+ 
SLOGAN3 ?US !Y HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 BL9D+ ! MASSES4 ,JU/ 
BECAUSE ,I AM A REVOLUTIONI/ ,I REFUSE TO SIDE ) ! MA/] 
CLASS1 :I* 9 ,RUSSIA IS CALL$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 

,TILL ! 5D ( MY DAYS MY PLACE %ALL BE ) ! DIS9H]IT$ 
& OPPRESS$4 ,IT IS IMMAT]IAL TO ME :E!R ,TYRANNY RULES 9 
! ,KREML9 OR 9 ANY O!R SEAT ( ! MI<TY4 ,I C\LD DO NO?+ 
= SUFF]+ ,RUSSIA :ILE 9 ?AT C\NTRY4 ,P]HAPS ,I CAN DO SOME?+ 
N[ BY PO9T+ \T ! LESSONS ( ! ,RUSSIAN EXP]I5CE4 ,NOT 
MY CONC]N = ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE ONLY HAS PROMPT$ ! WRIT+ 
( ?IS VOLUME3 IT IS MY 9T]E/ 9 ! MASSES EV]Y:]E4 

,E,M,M,A ,G,O,L,D,M,A,N4 

,B]L91 ,JULY1 #a#i#b#b4 

,FROM 3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,B]KELEY4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibb 3 ,PREFACE TO ,FIR/ ,VOLUME ( ,AM]ICAN ,$ITION -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#c1 #bag 3 ,PREFACE TO ,FIR/ ,VOLUME ( ,AM]ICAN ,$ITION -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/