,*APT] #b 
,PETROGRAD 

#aibcaibc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,/EVE,9,LEI<TON'S ,PHOTOS1,C,C ,B,Y-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,*,A,P,T,] ,I,I 

,P,E,T,R,O,G,R,A,D 

,M,Y ,P,>,5,T,S HAD MOV$ TO ,/4 ,PET]SBURG :5 ,I WAS ?IRTE54 ,UND] ! DISCIPL9E ( A 
,G]MAN S*OOL 9 ,KONIGSB]G & ! ,PRUSSIAN ATTITUDE T[>D EV]Y?+ ,RUSSIAN1 ,I HAD 
GR[N UP 9 ! ATMOSPH]E ( HATR$ TO ?AT C\NTRY4 ,I DREAD$ ESPECIALLY ! T]RIBLE 
,NIHILI/S :O HAD KILL$ ,CZ> ,ALEX&] ,I,I1 SO GOOD & K9D1 AS ,I HAD BE5 TAU<T4 ,/4 
,PET]SBURG WAS TO ME AN EVIL ?+4 ,BUT ! GAIETY ( ! CITY1 ITS VIVACITY & 
BRILLIANCY1 SOON DISPELL$ MY *ILDI% FANCIES & MADE ! CITY APPE> LIKE A FAIRY 
DREAM4 ,!N MY CURIOSITY WAS >\S$ BY ! REVOLUTION>Y MY/]Y :I* SEEM$ TO HANG 
OV] EV]YONE1 & ( :I* NO ONE D>$ TO SPEAK4 ,:5 F\R YE>S LAT] ,I LEFT ) MY 
SI/] = ,AM]ICA ,I WAS NO LONG] ! ,G]MAN ,GRET*5 TO :OM ,RUSSIA SPELT EVIL4 ,MY :OLE 
S\L HAD BE5 TRANS=M$ & ! SE$ PLANT$ = :AT WAS TO BE MY LIFE'S WORK4 
,ESPECIALLY DID ,/4 ,PET]SBURG REMA9 9 MY MEMORY A VIVID PICTURE1 FULL ( LIFE & 
MY/]Y4 

,I F\ND ,PETROGRAD ( #aib QUITE A DIFF]5T PLACE4 ,IT WAS ALMO/ 9 RU9S1 AS IF A 
HURRICANE HAD SWEPT OV] IT4 ,! H\SES LOOK$ LIKE BROK5 OLD TOMBS UPON NEGLECT$ & 
=GOTT5 CEMET]IES4 ,! /REETS W]E DIRTY & DES]T$2 ALL LIFE HAD GONE FROM !M4 
,! POPULATION ( ,PETROGRAD BE=E ! W> WAS ALMO/ TWO MILLION2 9 #aib IT HAD DW9DL$ 
TO FIVE HUNDR$ ?\S&4 ,! PEOPLE WALK$ AB\T LIKE LIV+ CORPSES2 ! %ORTAGE ( 
FOOD & FUEL WAS SL[LY SAPP+ ! CITY2 GRIM DEA? WAS CLUT*+ AT ITS HE>T4 
,EMACIAT$ & FRO/BITT5 M51 WOM51 & *ILDR5 W]E BE+ :IPP$ BY ! COMMON LA%1 
! SE>* =A PIECE ( BREAD OR A /ICK ( WOOD4 ,IT WAS A HE>T-R5D+ SI<T BY DAY1 AN 
OPPRESSIVE WEI<T AT NI<T4 ,ESPECIALLY W]E ! NI<TS ( ! FIR/ MON? 9 ,PETROGRAD 
DREADFUL4 ,! UTT] /ILLNESS ( ! L>GE CITY WAS P>ALYZ+4 ,IT FAIRLY HAUNT$ ME1 ?IS 
AWFUL OPPRESSIVE SIL5CE BROK5 ONLY BY OCCASIONAL %OTS4 ,I W\LD LAY AWAKE TRY+ TO 
PI]CE ! MY/]Y4 ,DID NOT ,ZOR9 SAY ?AT CAPITAL PUNI%M5T HAD BE5 ABOLI%$8 ,:Y ?IS 
%OOT+8 ,D\BTS DI/URB$ MY M9D1BUT ,I TRI$ TO WAVE !M ASIDE4 ,I HAD COME TO LE>N4 

,MU* ( MY FIR/ KN[L$GE & IMPRESSIONS ( ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION & ! EV5TS 
?AT FOLL[$ ,I RECEIV$ FROM ! ,ZOR9S4 ,AS ALREADY M5TION$1 BO? HAD LIV$ 9 ,AM]ICA1 
SPOKE ,5GLI%1 & W]E EAG] TO 5LI<T5 ME UPON ! HI/ORY ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,!Y 
W]E DEVOT$ TO ! CAUSE & WORK$ V]Y H>D2 HE1 ESPECIALLY1 :O WAS SECRET>Y ( ! 
,PETROGRAD COMMITTEE ( HIS P>TY1 BESIDES $IT+ ! DAILY ,KRASNAYA ,GAZETTA1 & 
P>TICIPAT+ 9 O!R ACTIVITIES4 

,IT WAS FROM ,ZOR9 ?AT ,I FIR/ LE>N$ AB\T ?AT LEG5D>Y FIGURE1 ,MAKHNO4 ,! LATT] 
WAS AN ,AN>*I/1 ,I WAS 9=M$1 :O UND] ! ,CZ> HAD BE5 S5T5C$ TO KATORGA4 
,LIB]AT$ BY ! ,FEBRU>Y REVOLUTION1 HE BECAME ! LEAD] ( A PEASANT >MY 9 ! 
,UKRA9A1 PROV+ HIMSELF EXTREMELY ABLE & D>+ & DO+ SPL5DID WORK 9 ! DEF5SE 
( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,= SOME TIME ,MAKHNO WORK$ 9 H>MONY ) ! ,I ,BOL%EVIKI1 FI<T+ 
! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y =CES4 ,!N HE BECAME ANTAGONI/IC1 & N[ HIS >MY1 RECRUIT$ 
FROM B&IT ELEM5TS1 WAS FI<T+ ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,ZOR9 RELAT$ ?AT HE HAD BE5 ONE ( A 
COMMITTEE S5T TO ,MAKHNO TO BR+ AB\T AN UND]/&+4 ,BUT ,MAKHNO W\LD NOT LI/5 TO 
REASON4 ,HE CONT9U$ HIS W>F>E AGA9/ ! ,SOVIETS & WAS CONSID]$ A DANG]\S 
C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/4 

,I HAD NO MEANS ( V]IFY+ ! /ORY1 & ,I WAS F> FROM DISBELIEV+ ! ,ZOR9S4 ,BO? 
APPE>$ MO/ S9C]E & D$ICAT$ TO !IR WORK1 TYPES ( RELIGI\S ZEALOTS READY TO 
BURN ! H]ETIC1 BUT EQUALLY READY TO SACRIFICE !IR [N LIVES = !IR CAUSE4 ,I WAS 
MU* IMPRESS$ BY ! SIMPLICITY ( !IR LIVES4 ,HOLD+ A RESPONSIBLE POSITION1 ,ZOR9 
C\LD HAVE RECEIV$ SPECIAL RATIONS1 BUT !Y LIV$ V]Y POORLY1 !IR SUPP] (T5 
CONSI/+ ONLY ( H]R+1 BLACK BREAD1 & TEA4 ,I ?\<T IT ESPECIALLY ADMIRABLE 
BECAUSE ,LISA ,ZOR9 WAS ) *ILD AT ! TIME4 

,TWO WEEKS AFT] MY >RIVAL 9 ,RUSSIA ,I WAS 9VIT$ TO ATT5D ! ,ALEX&] ,H]Z5 
COMMEMORATION 9 ! ,W9T] ,PALACE4 ,! :ITE M>BLE HALL :]E ! GA!R+ TOOK PLACE 
SEEM$ TO 9T5SIFY ! BITT] FRO/1 BUT ! PEOPLE PRES5T W]E UNM9DFUL ( ! 
P5ETRAT+ COLD4 ,I ALSO WAS CONSCI\S ONLY ( ! UNIQUE SITUATION3 ,ALEX&] ,H]Z51 ONE 
( ! MO/ HAT$ REVOLUTIONI/S ( HIS TIME1 HONOR$ 9 ! ,W9T] ,PALACE6 ,FREQU5TLY 
BE=E ! SPIRIT ( ,H]Z5 HAD F\ND ITS WAY 9TO ! H\SE ( ! ,ROMANOVS4 ,IT WAS :5 
! 0,KOLOKOL10 PUBLI%$ ABROAD & SP>KL+ ) ! BRILLIANCY ( ,H]Z5 & 
,TURG5EV1 W\LD 9 SOME MY/]I\S MANN] BE DISCOV]$ ON ! DESK ( ! ,CZ>4 ,N[ ! 
,CZ>S W]E NO MORE1 BUT ! SPIRIT ( ,H]Z5 HAD RIS5 AGA9 & WAS WITNESS+ ! 
REALIZATION ( ! DREAM ( ONE ( ,RUSSIA'S GREAT M54 

,ONE EV5+ ,I WAS 9=M$ ?AT ,Z9OVIEV HAD RETURN$ FROM ,MOSC[ & W\LD SEE ME4 ,HE 
>RIV$ AB\T MIDNI<T4 ,HE LOOK$ V]Y TIR$ & WAS CON/ANTLY DI/URB$ BY URG5T 
MESSAGES4 ,\R TALK WAS ( A G5]AL NATURE1 ( ! GRAVE SITUATION 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! %ORTAGE 
( FOOD & FUEL !N P>TICUL>LY POIGNANT1 & AB\T ! LABOR SITUATION 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,HE 
WAS ANXI\S TO KN[ 0H[ SOON ! REVOLUTION C\LD BE EXPECT$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ 
,/ATES40 ,HE LEFT UPON ME NO DEF9ITE IMPRESSION1 BUT ,I WAS CONSCI\S ( SOME?+ 
LACK+ 9 ! MAN1 ?\< ,I C\LD NOT DET]M9E AT ! TIME JU/ :AT IT WAS4 

,ANO!R ,COMMUNI/ ,I SAW MU* ( ! FIR/ WEEKS WAS ,JOHN ,RE$4 ,I HAD KN[N HIM 9 
,AM]ICA4 ,HE WAS LIV+ 9 ! ,A/ORIA1 WORK+ H>D & PREP>+ = HIS RETURN TO ! 
,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,HE WAS TO J\RNEY ?R\< ,LATVIA & HE SEEM$ APPREH5SIVE ( ! \TCOME4 
,HE HAD BE5 9 ,RUSSIA DUR+ ! ,OCTOB] DAYS & ?IS WAS HIS SECOND VISIT4 ,LIKE ,%ATOV 
HE ALSO 9SI/$ ?AT ! D>K SIDES ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME W]E 9EVITABLE4 ,HE BELIEV$ 
F]V5TLY ?AT ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T W\LD EM]GE FROM ITS N>R[ P>TY L9ES & ?AT IT 
W\LD PRES5TLY E/ABLI% ! ,COMMUNI/IC ,COMMONWEAL?4 ,WE SP5T MU* TIME TOGE!R1 
DISCUSS+ ! V>I\S PHASES ( ! SITUATION4 

,SO F> ,I HAD MET NONE ( ! ,AN>*I/S & !IR FAILURE TO CALL RA!R SURPRIS$ ME4 
,ONE DAY A FRI5D ,I HAD KN[N 9 ! ,/ATES CAME TO 9QUIRE :E!R ,I W\LD SEE SEV]AL 
MEMB]S ( AN ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION4 ,I READILY ASS5T$4 ,FROM !M ,I LE>N$ A V]SION ( 
! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME UTT]LY DIFF]5T FROM :AT ,I HAD HE>D 
BE=E4 ,IT WAS SO />TL+1 SO T]RIBLE ?AT ,I C\LD NOT BELIEVE IT4 ,!Y 9VIT$ ME TO 
ATT5D A SMALL GA!R+ !Y HAD CALL$ TO PRES5T TO ME !IR VIEWS4 

,! FOLL[+ ,SUNDAY ,I W5T TO !IR CONF]5CE4 ,PASS+ ,NEVSKY ,PROSPEKT1 NE> ,LITE9Y 
,/REET1 ,I CAME UPON A GR\P ( WOM5 HUDDL$ TOGE!R TO PROTECT !MSELVES FROM ! COLD4 
,!Y W]E SURR\ND$ BY SOLDI]S1 TALK+ & GE/ICULAT+4 ,?OSE WOM51 ,I LE>N$1 W]E 
PRO/ITUTES :O W]E SELL+ !MSELVES = A P\ND ( BREAD1 A PIECE ( SOAP OR 
*OCOLATE4 ,! SOLDI]S W]E ! ONLY ONES :O C\LD AF=D TO BUY !M BECAUSE ( !IR 
EXTRA RATIONS4 ,PRO/ITUTION 9 REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA4 ,I WOND]$4 ,:AT IS ! ,COMMUNI/ 
,GOV]NM5T DO+ = !SE UN=TUNATES8 ,:AT >E ! ,WORK]S' & ,PEASANTS' ,SOVIETS 
DO+8 ,MY ESCORT SMIL$ SADLY4 ,! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T HAD CLOS$ ! H\SES ( PRO/ITUTION 
& WAS N[ TRY+ TO DRIVE ! WOM5 (F ! /REETS1 BUT HUNG] & COLD DROVE !M BACK 
AGA92 BESIDES1 ! SOLDI]S HAD TO BE HUMOR$4 ,IT WAS TOO <A/LY1 TOO 9CR$IBLE- TO BE 
REAL1 YET !RE !Y W]E-?OSE %IV]+ CREATURES = SALE & !IR BUY]S1 ! R$ 
DEF5D]S ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 0,! CURS$ 9T]V5TIONI/S1 ! BLOCKADE-!Y >E 
RESPONSIBLE10 SAID MY ESCORT4 ,:Y1 YES1 ! C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S & ! BLOCKADE 
>E RESPONSIBLE1 ,I REASSUR$ MYSELF4 ,I TRI$ TO DISMISS ! ?\<T ( ?AT HUDDL$ GR\P1 
BUT IT CLUNG TO ME4 ,I FELT SOME?+ SNAP )9 ME4 

,AT LA/ WE REA*$ ! ,AN>*I/ QU>T]S1 9 A DILAPIDAT$ H\SE 9 A FIL?Y BACKY>D4 
,I WAS U%]$ 9TO A SMALL ROOM CR[D$ ) M5 & WOM54 ,! SI<T RECALL$ PICTURES ( 
?IRTY YE>S AGO :51 P]SECUT$ & HUNT$ FROM PLACE TO PLACE1 ! ,AN>*I/S 9 
,AM]ICA W]E COMPELL$ TO MEET 9 A D+Y HALL ON ,OR*>D ,/REET1 ,NEW ,YORK1 OR 9 ! D>K 
RE> ROOM ( A SALOON4 ,?AT WAS 9 CAPITALI/IC ,AM]ICA4 ,BUT ?IS IS REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA1 
:I* ! ,AN>*I/S HAD HELP$ TO FREE4 ,:Y %\LD !Y HAVE TO GA!R 9 SECRET & 9 
SU* A PLACE8 

,?AT EV5+ & ! FOLL[+ DAY ,I LI/5$ TO A RECITAL ( ! BETRAYAL ( ! 
,REVOLUTION BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,WORK]S FROM ! ,BALTIC FACTORIES SPOKE ( !IR 
5SLAVEM5T1 ,KRON/ADT SAILORS VOIC$ !IR BITT]NESS & 9DIGNATION AGA9/ ! PEOPLE 
!Y HAD HELP$ TO P[] & :O HAD BECOME !IR MA/]S4 ,ONE ( ! SPEAK]S HAD BE5 
CONDEMN$ TO DEA? BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI = HIS ,AN>*I/ IDEAS1 BUT HAD ESCAP$ & WAS N[ 
LIV+ ILLEGALLY4 ,HE RELAT$ H[ ! SAILORS HAD BE5 ROBB$ ( ! FRE$OM ( !IR 
,SOVIETS1 H[ EV]Y BREA? ( LIFE WAS BE+ C5SOR$4 ,O!RS SPOKE ( ! ,R$ ,T]ROR & 
REPRESSION 9 ,MOSC[1 :I* RESULT$ 9 ! ?R[+ ( A BOMB 9TO ! GA!R+ ( ! 
,MOSC[ SECTION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#a#i4 ,!Y TOLD ME ( ! OV]-FILL$ 
PRISONS1 ( ! VIOL5CE PRACTIC$ ON ! WORK]S & PEASANTS4 ,I LI/5$ RA!R 
IMPATI5TLY1 = EV]Y?+ 9 ME CRI$ \T AGA9/ ?IS 9DICTM5T4 ,IT S\ND$ 
IMPOSSIBLE2 IT C\LD NOT BE4 ,SOMEONE WAS SURELY AT FAULT1 BUT PROBABLY IT WAS !Y1 MY 
COMRADES1 ,I ?\<T4 ,!Y W]E UNREASONABLE1 IMPATI5T = IMM$IATE RESULTS4 ,WAS NOT 
VIOL5CE 9EVITABLE 9 A REVOLUTION1 & WAS IT NOT IMPOS$ UPON ! ,BOL%EVIKI BY ! 
,9T]V5TIONI/S8 ,MY COMRADES W]E 9DIGNANT6 0,DISGUISE Y\RSELF SO ! ,BOL%EVIKI DO 
NOT RECOGNIZE Y\2 TAKE A PAMPHLET ( ,KROPOTK9 & TRY TO DI/RIBUTE IT 9 A ,SOVIET 
MEET+4 ,Y\ WILL SOON SEE :E!R WE TOLD Y\ ! TRU?4 0,ABOVE ALL1 GET \T ( ! 
,FIR/ ,H\SE ( ! ,SOVIET4 ,LIVE AMONG ! PEOPLE & Y\ WILL HAVE ALL ! PRO(S Y\ 
NE$40 

,H[ *ILDI% & ?RILL+ IT ALL SEEM$ 9 ! FACE ( ! WORLD EV5T ?AT WAS TAK+ 
PLACE 9 ,RUSSIA6 ,NO1 ,I C\LD NOT CR$IT !IR /ORIES4 ,I W\LD WAIT & /UDY CONDITIONS4 
,BUT MY M9D WAS 9 A TURMOIL1 & ! NI<TS BECAME MORE OPPRESSIVE ?AN EV]4 

,! DAY >RIV$ :5 ,I WAS GIV5 A *ANCE TO ATT5D ! MEET+ ( ! ,PETRO-,SOVIET4 ,IT 
WAS TO BE A D\BLE CELEBRATION 9 HONOR ( ! RETURN ( ,K>L ,RADEK TO ,RUSSIA & ,J(FE'S 
REPORT ON ! PEACE TREATY ) ,E/HONIA4 ,AS USUAL ,I W5T ) ! ,ZOR9S4 ,! GA!R+ 
WAS 9 ! ,TAURIDE ,PALACE1 ! =M] MEET+ PLACE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,DUMA4 ,EV]Y 5TRANCE TO 
! HALL WAS GU>D$ BY SOLDI]S1 ! PLAT=M SURR\ND$ BY !M HOLD+ !IR GUNS AT 
ATT5TION4 ,! HALL WAS CR[D$ TO ! V]Y DOORS4 ,I WAS ON ! PLAT=M OV]LOOK+ ! 
SEA ( FACES BEL[4 ,/>V$ & WRET*$ !Y LOOK$1 !SE SONS & DAU<T]S ( ! 
PEOPLE1 ! H]OES ( ,R$ ,PETROGRAD4 ,H[ !Y HAD SUFF]$ & 5DUR$ = ! ,REVOLUTION6 
,I FELT V]Y HUMBLE BE=E !M4 

,Z9OVIEV PRESID$4 ,AFT] ! 0,9T]NATIONALE0 HAD BE5 SUNG BY ! AUDI5CE 
/&+1 ,Z9OVIEV OP5$ ! MEET+4 ,HE SPOKE AT L5G?4 ,HIS VOICE IS HI< PIT*$1 
)\T DEP?4 ,! MOM5T ,I HE>D HIM ,I REALIZ$ :AT ,I HAD MISS$ 9 HIM AT \R FIR/ 
MEET+-DEP?1 /R5G? ( *>ACT]4 ,NEXT CAME ,RADEK4 ,HE WAS CLEV]1 WITTY1 S>CA/IC1 
& HE PAID HIS RESPECTS TO ! C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S & TO ! ,:ITE ,GU>DS4 ,ALTOGE!R 
AN 9T]E/+ MAN & AN 9T]E/+ ADDRESS4 

,J(FE LOOK$ ! DIPLOMAT4 ,WELL F$ & GROOM$1 HE SEEM$ RA!R \T ( PLACE 9 ?AT 
ASSEMBLY4 ,HE SPOKE ( ! PEACE CONDITIONS ) ,E/HONIA1 :I* W]E RECEIV$ ) 
5?USIASM BY ! AUDI5CE4 ,C]TA9LY !SE PEOPLE WANT$ PEACE4 ,W\LD IT EV] COME TO 
,RUSSIA8 

,LA/ SPOKE ,ZOR91 BY F> ! ABLE/ & MO/ CONV9C+ ?AT EV5+4 ,!N ! MEET+ 
WAS ?R[N OP5 TO DISCUSSION4 ,A ,M5%EVIK ASK$ = ! FLOOR4 ,IMM$IATELY P&EMONIUM 
BROKE LOOSE4 ,YELLS ( 0,TRAITOR60 0,KOL*AK60 
0,C\NT]-,REVOLUTIONI/60 CAME FROM ALL P>TS ( ! AUDI5CE & EV5 FROM ! 
PLAT=M4 ,IT LOOK$ TO ME LIKE AN UNWOR?Y PROCE$+ = A REVOLUTION>Y ASSEMBLY4 

,ON ! WAY HOME ,I SPOKE TO ,ZOR9 AB\T IT4 ,HE LAU<$4 0,FREE SPEE* IS A B\RGEOIS 
SUP]/ITION10 HE SAID2 0DUR+ A REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD !RE CAN BE NO FREE 
SPEE*40 ,I WAS RA!R DUBI\S AB\T ! SWEEP+ /ATEM5T1 BUT ,I FELT ?AT L HAD NO 
RI<T TO JUDGE4 L WAS A NEWCOM]1 :ILE ! PEOPLE AT ! ,TAURIDE ,PALACE HAD SACRIFIC$ 
& SUFF]$ SO MU* = ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,I HAD NO RI<T TO JUDGE4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibb 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#c1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 

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