,*APT] #a 
,DEPORTATION ,TO ,RUSSIA 

#aibcaibc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,IR5E ,TEJ>OXY ,HOSS 7,KITT5,CLAW71,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,*,A,P,T,] ,I 

,D,E,P,O,R,T,A,T,I,O,N ,T,O ,R,U,S,S,I,A 

,O,N ,! NI<T ( ,DECEMB] #b#a1 #a#i#a#i1 TOGE!R ) TWO HUNDR$ & =TY-EI<T O!R 
POLITICAL PRISON]S1 ,I WAS DEPORT$ FROM ,AM]ICA4 ,AL?\< IT WAS G5]ALLY KN[N WE W]E 
TO BE DEPORT$1 FEW REALLY BELIEV$ ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES W\LD SO COMPLETELY D5Y H] 
PA/ AS AN ASYLUM = POLITICAL REFUGEES1 SOME ( :OM HAD LIV$ & WORK$ 9 ,AM]ICA = 
MORE ?AN ?IRTY YE>S4 

,9 MY [N CASE1 ! DECISION TO ELIM9ATE ME FIR/ BECAME KN[N :51 9 #a#i#i1 ! 
,F$]AL AU?ORITIES W5T \T ( !IR WAY TO DISFRAN*IZE ! MAN :OSE NAME GAVE ME 
CITIZ5%IP4 ,?AT ,WA%+TON WAIT$ TILL #aiag WAS DUE TO ! CIRCUM/ANCE ?AT ! 
PSY*OLOGIC MOM5T = ! F9ALE WAS LACK+4 ,P]HAPS ,I %\LD HAVE CONTE/$ MY CASE AT 
?AT TIME4 ,) ! !N-PREVAL5T PUBLIC OP9ION1 ! ,C\RTS W\LD PROBABLY NOT HAVE 
SU/A9$ ! FRAUDUL5T PROCE$+S :I* ROBB$ ME ( CITIZ5%IP4 ,BUT IT DID NOT SEEM 
CR$IBLE !N ?AT ,AM]ICA W\LD /OOP TO ! ,TS>I/IC ME?OD ( DEPORTATION4 

,\R ANTI-W> AGITATION ADD$ FUEL TO ! W> HY/]IA ( #a#i#a#g1 & ?US FURNI%$ ! 
,F$]AL AU?ORITIES ) ! DESIR$ OPPORTUNITY TO COMPLETE ! CONSPIRACY BEGUN AGA9/ 
ME 9 ,RO*E/]1 ,N4 ,Y41 #a#i#i4 

,IT WAS ON ,DECEMB] #e1 #a#i#a#i1 :ILE 9 ,*ICAGO LECTUR+1 ?AT ,I WAS TELEGRAPHICALLY 
APPRIZ$ ( ! FACT ?AT ! ORD] = MY DEPORTATION WAS F9AL4 ,! QUE/ION ( MY 
CITIZ5%IP WAS !N RAIS$ 9 C\RT1 BUT WAS ( C\RSE DECID$ ADV]SELY4 ,I HAD 9T5D$ 
TO TAKE ! CASE TO A HI<] TRIBUNAL1 BUT F9ALLY ,I DECID$ TO C>RY ! MATT] NO 
FUR!R3 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA WAS LUR+ ME4 

,LUDICR\SLY SECRETIVE W]E ! AU?ORITIES AB\T \R DEPORTATION4 ,TO ! V]Y LA/ 
MOM5T WE W]E KEPT 9 IGNORANCE AS TO ! TIME4 ,!N1 UNEXPECT$LY1 9 ! WEE SMALL 
H\RS ( ,DECEMB] #b#a/ WE W]E SPIRIT$ AWAY4 ,! SC5E SET = ?IS P]=MANCE WAS MO/ 
?RILL+4 ,IT WAS SIX O'CLOCK ,SUNDAY MORN+1 ,DECEMB] #b#a1 #a#i#a#i1 :5 UND] HEAVY MILIT>Y 
CONVOY WE /EPP$ ABO>D ! ,BU=D4 

,= TW5TY-EI<T DAYS WE W]E PRISON]S4 ,S5TRIES AT \R CAB9 DOORS DAY & NI<T1 
S5TRIES ON DECK DUR+ ! H\R WE W]E DAILY P]MITT$ TO BREA! ! FRE% AIR4 ,\R M5 
COMRADES W]E COOP$ UP 9 D>K1 DAMP QU>T]S1 WRET*$LY F$1 ALL ( US 9 COMPLETE 
IGNORANCE ( ! DIRECTION WE W]E TO TAKE4 ,YET \R SPIRITS W]E HI<-,RUSSIA1 FREE1 NEW 
,RUSSIA WAS BE=E ,U,S4 

,ALL MY LIFE ,RUSSIA'S H]OIC /RUGGLE = FRE$OM WAS AS A BEACON TO ME4 ,! 
REVOLUTION>Y ZEAL ( H] M>TYR$ M5 & WOM51 :I* NEI!R =TRESS NOR KATORGA 
C\LD SUPPRESS1 WAS MY 9SPIRATION 9 ! D>KE/ H\RS4 ,:5 ! NEWS ( ! ,FEBRU>Y 
,REVOLUTION FLA%$ ACROSS ! WORLD1 ,I LONG$ TO HA/5 TO ! L& :I* HAD P]=M$ 
! MIRACLE & HAD FRE$ H] PEOPLE FROM ! AGE-OLD YOKE ( ,CZ>ISM4 ,BUT ,AM]ICA HELD 
ME4 ,! ?\<T ( ?IRTY YE>S ( /RUGGLE = MY IDEALS1 ( MY FRI5DS & ASSOCIATES1 
MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE TO TE> MYSELF AWAY4 ,I W\LD GO TO ,RUSSIA LAT]1 ,I ?\<T4 

,!N CAME ,AM]ICA'S 5TRY 9TO ! W> & ! NE$ ( REMA9+ TRUE TO ! ,AM]ICAN 
PEOPLE :O W]E SWEPT 9TO ! HURRICANE AGA9/ !IR WILL4 ,AFT] ALL1 ,I [$ A GREAT 
DEBT1 ,I [$ MY GR[? & DEVELOPM5T TO :AT WAS F9E/ & BE/ 9 ,AM]ICA1 TO H] 
FI<T]S = LIB]TY1 TO ! SONS & DAU<T]S ( ! REVOLUTION TO COME4 ,I W\LD BE TRUE 
TO !M4 ,BUT ! FR5ZI$ MILIT>I/S SOON T]M9AT$ MY WORK4 

,AT LA/ ,I WAS B\ND = ,RUSSIA & ALL ELSE WAS ALMO/ BLOTT$ \T4 ,I W\LD BEHOLD ) 
M9E [N EYES MATU%KA ,ROSSIYA1 ! L& FRE$ FROM POLITICAL & ECONOMIC 
MA/]S2 ! ,RUSSIAN DUB9U%KA1 AS ! PEASANT WAS CALL$1 RAIS$ FROM ! DU/2 
! ,RUSSIAN WORK]1 ! MOD]N ,SAMSON1 :O ) A SWEEP ( HIS MI<TY >M HAD PULL$ D[N 
! PILL>S ( DECAY+ SOCIETY4 ,! TW5TY-EI<T DAYS ON \R FLOAT+ PRISON PASS$ 9 A 
SORT ( TRANCE4 ,I WAS H>DLY CONSCI\S ( MY SURR\ND+S4 

,F9ALLY WE REA*$ ,F9L&1 ACROSS :I* WE W]E =C$ TO J\RNEY 9 SEAL$ C>S4 ,ON 
! ,RUSSIAN BORD] WE W]E MET BY A COMMITTEE ( ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T1 HEAD$ BY ,ZOR94 
,!Y HAD COME TO GREET ! FIR/ POLITICAL REFUGEES DRIV5 FROM ,AM]ICA = OP9ION'S 
SAKE4 

,IT WAS A COLD DAY1 ) ! E>? A %EET ( :ITE1 BUT SPR+ WAS 9 \R HE>TS4 ,SOON 
WE W]E TO BEHOLD REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA4 ,I PREF]R$ TO BE ALONE :5 ,I T\*$ ! SACR$ 
SOIL3 MY EXALTATION WAS TOO GREAT1 & ,I FE>$ ,I MI<T NOT BE ABLE TO CONTROL MY EMOTION4 
,:5 ,I REA*$ ,BELOO/ROV ! FIR/ 5?USIA/IC RECEPTION T5D]$ ! REFUGEES WAS OV]1 
BUT ! PLACE WAS /ILL SUR*>G$ ) 9T5SITY ( FEEL+4 ,I C\LD S5SE ! AWE & 
HUMILITY ( \R GR\P :O1 TREAT$ LIKE FELONS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 W]E H]E RECEIV$ AS 
DE> BRO!RS & COMRADES & WELCOM$ BY ! ,R$ SOLDI]S1 ! LIB]ATORS ( ,RUSSIA4 

,FROM ,BELOO/ROV WE W]E DRIV5 TO ! VILLAGE :]E ANO!R RECEPTION HAD BE5 
PREP>$3 ,A D>K HALL FILL$ TO SUFFOCATION1 ! PLAT=M LIT UP BY TALL[ C&LES1 A HUGE 
R$ FLAG1 ON ! /AGE A GR\P ( WOM5 9 BLACK NUNS' ATTIRE4 ,I /OOD AS 9 A DREAM 9 
! BREA?LESS SIL5CE4 ,SUDD5LY A VOICE RANG \T4 ,IT BEAT LIKE METAL ON MY E>S & 
SEEM$ UN9SPIR$1 BUT IT SPOKE ( ! GREAT SUFF]+ ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE & ( ! 
5EMIES ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,O!RS ADDRESS$ ! AUDI5CE1 BUT ,I WAS HELD BY ! WOM5 9 
BLACK1 !IR FACES <A/LY 9 ! YELL[ LI<T4 ,W]E !SE REALLY NUNS8 ,HAD ! ,REVOLUTION 
P5ETRAT$ EV5 ! WALLS ( SUP]/ITION8 ,HAD ! ,R$ ,DAWN BROK5 9TO ! N>R[ LIVES 
( !SE ASCETICS8 ,IT ALL SEEM$ /RANGE1 FASC9AT+4 

,SOMEH[ ,I F\ND MYSELF ON ! PLAT=M4 ,I C\LD ONLY BLURT \T ?AT LIKE MY COMRADES ,I 
HAD NOT COME TO ,RUSSIA TO TEA*3 ,I HAD COME TO LE>N1 TO DRAW SU/5ANCE & HOPE FROM 
H]1 TO LAY D[N MY LIFE ON ! ALT> ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,AFT] ! MEET+ WE W]E ESCORT$ TO ! WAIT+ ,PETROGRAD TRA91 ! WOM5 9 ! 
BLACK HOOD 9TON+ ! 0,9T]NATIONALE10 ! :OLE AUDI5CE JO9+ 94 ,I WAS 
9 ! C> ) \R HO/1 ,ZOR91 :O HAD LIV$ 9 ,AM]ICA & SPOKE ,5GLI% FLU5TLY4 ,HE 
TALK$ 5?USIA/ICALLY AB\T ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T & ITS M>VEL\S A*IEVEM5TS4 ,HIS 
CONV]SATION WAS ILLUM9ATIVE1 BUT ONE PHRASE /RUCK ME AS DISCORDANT4 ,SPEAK+ ( ! 
POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ( HIS ,P>TY1 HE REM>K$3 0,TAMMANY ,HALL HAS NO?+ ON US1 
& AS TO ,BOSS ,MURPHY1 WE C\LD TEA* HIM A ?+ OR TWO40 ,I ?\<T ! MAN WAS 
JE/+4 ,:AT RELATION C\LD !RE BE BETWE5 ,TAMMANY ,HALL1 ,BOSS ,MURPHY1 & ! ,SOVIET 
,GOV]NM5T8 

,I 9QUIR$ AB\T \R COMRADES :O HAD HA/5$ FROM ,AM]ICA AT ! FIR/ NEWS ( ! 
,REVOLUTION4 ,MANY ( !M HAD DI$ AT ! FRONT1 ,ZOR9 9=M$ ME1 O!RS W]E WORK+ 
) ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T4 ,& ,%ATOV8 ,WILLIAM ,%ATOV1 A BRILLIANT SPEAK] & ABLE 
ORGANIZ]1 WAS A WELL-KN[N FIGURE 9 ,AM]ICA1 FREQU5TLY ASSOCIAT$ ) US 9 \R WORK4 
,WE HAD S5T HIM A TELEGRAM FROM ,F9L& & W]E MU* SURPRIS$ AT HIS FAILURE TO REPLY4 
,:Y DID NOT ,%ATOV COME TO MEET US8 0,%ATOV HAD TO LEAVE = ,SIB]IA1 :]E HE IS TO 
TAKE ! PO/ ( ,M9I/] ( ,RAILWAYS10 SAID ,ZOR94 

,9 ,PETROGRAD \R GR\P AGA9 RECEIV$ AN OVATION4 ,!N ! DEPORTEES W]E TAK5 TO ! 
FAM\S ,TAURIDE ,PALACE1 :]E !Y W]E TO BE F$ & H\S$ = ! NI<T4 ,ZOR9 ASK$ 
,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN & MYSELF TO ACCEPT HIS HOSPITALITY4 ,WE 5T]$ ! WAIT+ AUTOMOBILE4 
,! CITY WAS D>K & DES]T$2 NOT A LIV+ S\L TO BE SE5 ANY:]E4 ,WE HAD NOT GONE 
V]Y F> :5 ! C> WAS SUDD5LY HALT$1 & AN ELECTRIC LI<T FLA%$ 9TO \R EYES4 ,IT 
WAS ! MILITIA1 DEM&+ ! PASSWORD4 ,PETROGRAD HAD REC5TLY F\<T BACK ! ,YUD5IT* 
ATTACK & WAS /ILL UND] M>TIAL LAW4 ,! PROCESS WAS REPEAT$ FREQU5TLY ALONG ! 
R\TE4 ,%ORTLY BE=E WE REA*$ \R DE/9ATION WE PASS$ A WELL-LI<T$ BUILD+ 
0,IT IS \R /ATION H\SE10 ,ZOR9 EXPLA9$1 0BUT WE HAVE FEW PRISON]S 
!RE N[4 ,CAPITAL PUNI%M5T IS ABOLI%$ & WE HAVE REC5TLY PROCLAIM$ A G5]AL 
POLITICAL AMNE/Y40 

,PRES5TLY ! AUTOMOBILE CAME TO A HALT4 0,! ,FIR/ ,H\SE ( ! ,SOVIETS10 
SAID ,ZOR91 0! LIV+ PLACE ( ! MO/ ACTIVE MEMB]S ( \R ,P>TY40 ,ZOR9 
& HIS WIFE OCCUPI$ TWO ROOMS1 SIMPLY BUT COM=TABLY FURNI%$4 ,TEA & REFRE%M5TS 
W]E S]V$1 & \R HO/S 5T]TA9$ US ) ! ABSORB+ /ORY ( ! M>VEL\S 
DEF5SE ! ,PETROGRAD WORK]S HAD ORGANIZ$ AGA9/ ! ,YUD5IT* =CES4 ,H[ H]OICALLY 
! M5 & WOM51 EV5 ! *ILDR51 HAD RU%$ TO ! DEF5SE ( ! ,R$ ,CITY6 ,:AT 
WOND]FUL SELF-DISCIPL9E & COOP]ATION ! PROLET>IAT DEMON/RAT$4 ,! EV5+ PASS$ 
9 !SE REM9ISC5CES1 & ,I WAS AB\T TO RETIRE TO ! ROOM SECUR$ = ME :5 A Y\NG 
WOMAN >RIV$ :O 9TRODUC$ H]SELF AS ! SI/]-9-LAW ( 0,BILL0 ,%ATOV4 ,%E 
GREET$ US W>MLY & ASK$ US TO COME UP TO SEE H] SI/] :O LIV$ ON ! FLOOR ABOVE4 
,:5 WE REA*$ !IR AP>TM5T ,I F\ND MYSELF EMBRAC$ BY BIG JOVIAL ,BILL HIMSELF4 ,H[ 
/RANGE ( ,ZOR9 TO TELL ME ?AT ,%ATOV HAD LEFT = ,SIB]IA6 ,:AT DID IT MEAN8 ,%ATOV 
EXPLA9$ ?AT HE HAD BE5 ORD]$ NOT TO MEET US AT ! BORD]1 TO PREV5T HIS GIV+ US 
\R FIR/ IMPRESSIONS ( ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA4 ,HE HAD FALL5 9TO DISFAVOR ) ! ,GOV]NM5T 
& WAS BE+ S5T TO ,SIB]IA 9TO VIRTUAL EXILE4 ,HIS TRIP HAD BE5 DELAY$ & !RE=E 
WE /ILL HAPP5$ TO F9D HIM4 

,WE SP5T MU* TIME ) ,%ATOV BE=E HE LEFT ,PETROGRAD4 ,= :OLE DAYS ,I LI/5$ TO 
HIS /ORY ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ) ITS LI<T & %AD[S1 & ! DEVELOP+ T5D5CY ( 
! ,BOL%EVIKI T[>D ! RI<T4 ,%ATOV1 H[EV]1 9SI/$ ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y = ALL 
! REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS TO WORK ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI ,GOV]NM5T4 ,( C\RSE1 ! 
,COMMUNI/S HAD MADE MANY MI/AKES1 BUT :AT !Y DID WAS 9EVITABLE1 IMPOS$ UPON !M BY 
,ALLI$ 9T]F]5CE & ! BLOCKADE4 

,A FEW DAYS AFT] \R >RIVAL ,ZOR9 ASK$ ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN & MYSELF TO ACCOMPANY HIM 
TO ,SMOLNY4 ,SMOLNY1 ! ]/:ILE BO>D+ S*OOL = ! DAU<T]S ( ! >I/OCRACY1 HAD 
BE5 ! C5T] ( REVOLUTION>Y EV5TS4 ,ALMO/ EV]Y /ONE HAD PLAY$ ITS P>T4 ,N[ IT 
WAS ! SEAT ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,GOV]NM5T4 ,I F\ND ! PLACE HEAVILY GU>D$ & GIV+ ! 
IMPRESSION ( A BEEHIVE ( (FICIALS & GOV]NM5T EMPLOYES4 ,! ,DEP>TM5T ( ! ,?IRD 
,9T]NATIONAL WAS P>TICUL>LY 9T]E/+' ,IT WAS ! DOMA9 ( ,Z9OVIEV4 ,I WAS MU* 
IMPRESS$ BY ! MAGNITUDE ( IT ALL4 

,AFT] %[+ US AB\T1 ,ZOR9 9VIT$ US TO ! ,SMOLNY D9+ ROOM4 ,! MEAL CONSI/$ 
( GOOD S\P1 MEAT & POTATOES1 BREAD & TEA4 ,RA!R A GOOD MEAL 9 />V+ ,RUSSIA1 ,I 
?\<T4 

,\R GR\P ( DEPORTEES WAS QU>T]$ 9 ,SMO9Y4 ,I WAS ANXI\S AB\T MY TRAVEL+ 
COMPANIONS1 ! TWO GIRLS :O HAD %>$ MY CAB9 ON ! ,BU=D4 ,I WI%$ TO TAKE 
!M BACK ) ME TO ! ,FIR/ ,H\SE ( ! ,SOVIET4 ,ZOR9 S5T = !M4 ,!Y >RIV$ 
GREATLY EXCIT$ & TOLD US ?AT ! :OLE GR\P ( DEPORTEES HAD BE5 PLAC$ UND] 
MILIT>Y GU>D4 ,! NEWS WAS />TL+4 ,! PEOPLE :O HAD BE5 DRIV5 \T ( ,AM]ICA = 
!IR POLITICAL OP9IONS1 N[ 9 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA AGA9 PRISON]S-?REE DAYS AFT] 
!IR >RIVAL4 ,:AT HAD HAPP5$8 

,WE TURN$ TO ,ZOR94 ,HE SEEM$ EMB>RASS$4 0,SOME MI/AKE10 HE SAID1 & 
IMM$IATELY BEGAN TO MAKE 9QUIRIES4 ,IT DEVELOP$ ?AT F\R ORD9>Y CRIM9ALS HAD BE5 
F\ND AMONG ! POLITICALS DEPORT$ BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T1 & !RE=E A GU>D 
WAS PLAC$ OV] ! :OLE GR\P4 ,! PROCE$+ SEEM$ TO ME UNJU/ & UNCALL$ =4 ,IT 
WAS MY FIR/ LESSON 9 ,BOL%EVIK ME?ODS4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibb 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#c1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 

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