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,MUTUAL ,AID ,AMONG/ ,\RSELVES 7,CONT9U$7 

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,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

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,PHOTO BY ,G>RETT ,ZIEGL]1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,MUTUAL ,AID3 ,A ,FACTOR ( ,EVOLUTION 

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,LABOR-UNIONS GR[N AFT] ! DE/RUCTION ( ! GUILDS BY ! ,/ATE4 -- ,!IR /RUGGLES4 -- ,MUTUAL ,AID 9 /RIKES4 -- ,COOP]ATION4 -- ,FREE ASSOCIATIONS = V>I\S PURPOSES4 -- ,SELF-SACRIFICE4 -- ,C\NTLESS SOCIETIES = COMB9$ ACTION UND] ALL POSSIBLE ASPECTS4 -- ,MUTUAL ,AID 9 SLUM-LIFE4 -- ,P]SONAL AID4 

,:5 WE EXAM9E ! EV]YDAY LIFE ( ! RURAL POPULATIONS ( ,EUROPE1 WE F9D ?AT1 NOT)/&+ ALL ?AT HAS BE5 DONE 9 MOD]N ,/ATES = ! DE/RUCTION ( ! VILLAGE COMMUNITY1 ! LIFE ( ! PEASANTS REMA9S HONEYCOMB$ ) HABITS & CU/OMS ( MUTUAL AID & SUPPORT2 ?AT IMPORTANT VE/IGES ( ! COMMUNAL POSSESSION ( ! SOIL >E /ILL RETA9$2 & ?AT1 AS SOON AS ! LEGAL OB/ACLES TO RURAL ASSOCIATION W]E LATELY REMOV$1 A NETWORK ( FREE UNIONS = ALL SORTS ( ECONOMICAL PURPOSES RAPIDLY SPREAD AMONG ! PEASANTS -- ! T5D5CY ( ?IS Y\NG MOVEM5T BE+ TO RECON/ITUTE SOME SORT ( UNION SIMIL> TO ! VILLAGE COMMUNITY ( OLD4 ,SU* BE+ ! CONCLUSIONS >RIV$ AT 9 ! PREC$+ *APT]1 WE HAVE N[ TO CONSID]1 :AT 9/ITUTIONS = MUTUAL SUPPORT CAN BE F\ND AT ! PRES5T TIME AMONG ! 9DU/RIAL POPULATIONS4 

  ,= ! LA/ ?REE HUNDR$ YE>S1 ! CONDITIONS = ! GR[? ( SU* 9/ITUTIONS HAVE BE5 AS UNFAVORABLE 9 ! T[NS AS !Y HAVE BE5 9 ! VILLAGES4 ,IT IS WELL KN[N1 9DE$1 ?AT :5 ! M$IEVAL CITIES W]E SUBDU$ 9 ! SIXTE5? C5TURY BY GR[+ MILIT>Y ,/ATES1 ALL 9/ITUTIONS :I* KEPT ! >TISANS1 ! MA/]S1 & ! M]*ANTS TOGE!R 9 ! GUILDS & ! CITIES W]E VIOL5TLY DE/ROY$4 ,! SELF-GOV]NM5T & ! SELF-JURISDICTION ( BO?1 ! GUILD & ! CITY W]E ABOLI%$2 ! OA? ( ALLEGIANCE BETWE5 GUILD-BRO!RS BECAME AN ACT ( FELONY T[>DS ! ,/ATE2 ! PROP]TIES ( ! GUILDS W]E CONFISCAT$ 9 ! SAME WAY AS ! L&S ( ! VILLAGE COMMUNITIES2 & ! 9N] & TE*NICAL ORGANIZATION ( EA* TRADE WAS TAK5 9 H& BY ! ,/ATE4 ,LAWS1 GRADUALLY GR[+ 9 SEV]ITY1 W]E PASS$ TO PREV5T >TISANS FROM COMB9+ 9 ANY WAY4 ,= A TIME1 SOME %AD[S ( ! OLD GUILDS W]E TOL]AT$3 M]*ANTS' GUILDS W]E ALL[$ TO EXI/ UND] ! CONDITION ( FREELY GRANT+ SUBSIDIES TO ! K+S1 & SOME >TISAN GUILDS W]E KEPT 9 EXI/5CE AS ORGANS ( ADM9I/RATION4 ,SOME ( !M /ILL DRAG ON !IR MEAN+LESS EXI/5CE4 ,BUT :AT =M]LY WAS ! VITAL =CE ( M$IEVAL LIFE & 9DU/RY HAS LONG S9CE DISAPPE>$ UND] ! CRU%+ WEI<T ( ! C5TRALIZ$ ,/ATE4 

  ,9 ,GREAT ,BRITA91 :I* MAY BE TAK5 AS ! BE/ ILLU/RATION ( ! 9DU/RIAL POLICY ( ! MOD]N ,/ATES1 WE SEE ! ,P>LIAM5T BEG9N+ ! DE/RUCTION ( ! GUILDS AS E>LY AS ! FIFTE5? C5TURY2 BUT IT WAS ESPECIALLY 9 ! NEXT C5TURY ?AT DECISIVE MEASURES W]E TAK54 ,H5RY ! ,EI<? NOT ONLY RU9$ ! ORGANIZATION ( ! GUILDS1 BUT ALSO CONFISCAT$ !IR PROP]TIES1 ) EV5 LESS EXCUSE & MANN]S1 AS ,T\LM9 ,SMI? WROTE1 ?AN HE HAD PRODUC$ = CONFISCAT+ ! E/ATES ( ! MONA/]IES4#a ,$W>D ! ,SIX? COMPLET$ HIS WORK1#b & ALREADY 9 ! SECOND P>T ( ! SIXTE5? C5TURY WE F9D ! ,P>LIAM5T SETTL+ ALL ! DISPUTES BETWE5 CRAFTSM5 & M]*ANTS1 :I* =M]LY W]E SETTL$ 9 EA* CITY SEP>ATELY4 ,! ,P>LIAM5T & ! K+ NOT ONLY LEGISLAT$ 9 ALL SU* CONTE/S1 BUT1 KEEP+ 9 VIEW ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,CR[N 9 ! EXPORTS1 !Y SOON BEGAN TO DET]M9E ! NUMB] ( APPR5TICES 9 EA* TRADE & M9UTELY TO REGULATE ! V]Y TE*NICS ( EA* FABRICATION -- ! WEI<TS ( ! /UFFS1 ! NUMB] ( ?READS 9 ! Y>D ( CLO?1 & ! LIKE4 ,) LITTLE SUCCESS1 IT MU/ BE SAID2 BECAUSE CONTE/S & TE*NICAL DIFFICULTIES :I* W]E >RANG$ = C5TURIES 9 SUCCESSION BY AGREEM5T BETWE5 CLOSELY-9T]DEP5D5T GUILDS & F$]AT$ CITIES LAY 5TIRELY BEYOND ! P[]S ( ! C5TRALIZ$ ,/ATE4 ,! CONT9UAL 9T]F]5CE ( ITS (FICIALS P>ALYZ$ ! TRADES2 BR++ MO/ ( !M TO A COMPLETE DECAY2 & ! LA/ C5TURY ECONOMI/S1 :5 !Y ROSE AGA9/ ! ,/ATE REGULATION ( 9DU/RIES1 ONLY V5TILAT$ A WIDELY-FELT DISCONT5T4 ,! ABOLITION ( ?AT 9T]F]5CE BY ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION WAS GREET$ AS AN ACT ( LIB]ATION1 & ! EXAMPLE ( ,FRANCE WAS SOON FOLL[$ ELSE:]E4 

  ,) ! REGULATION ( WAGES ! ,/ATE HAD NO BETT] SUCCESS4 ,9 ! M$IEVAL CITIES1 :5 ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 MA/]S & APPR5TICES OR J\RNEYM5 BECAME MORE & MORE APP>5T 9 ! FIFTE5? C5TURY1 UNIONS ( APPR5TICES 7,GESELL5V]B&E71 OCCASIONALLY ASSUM+ AN 9T]NATIONAL *>ACT]1 W]E OPPOS$ TO ! UNIONS ( MA/]S & M]*ANTS4 ,N[ IT WAS ! ,/ATE :I* UND]TOOK TO SETTLE !IR GRIEFS1 & UND] ! ,ELIZABE?AN ,/ATUTE ( #aefc ! ,JU/ICES ( ,PEACE HAD TO SETTLE ! WAGES1 SO AS TO GU>ANTEE A 0CONV5I5T0 LIVELIHOOD TO J\RNEYM5 & APPR5TICES4 ,! ,JU/ICES1 H[EV]1 PROV$ HELPLESS TO CONCILIATE ! CONFLICT+ 9T]E/S1 & /ILL LESS TO COMPEL ! MA/]S TO OBEY !IR DECISIONS4 ,! LAW GRADUALLY BECAME A DEAD LETT]1 & WAS REPEAL$ BY ! 5D ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY4 ,BUT :ILE ! ,/ATE ?US AB&ON$ ! FUNCTION ( REGULAT+ WAGES1 IT CONT9U$ SEV]ELY TO PROHIBIT ALL COMB9ATIONS :I* W]E 5T]$ UPON BY J\RNEYM5 & WORK]S 9 ORD] TO RAISE !IR WAGES1 OR TO KEEP !M AT A C]TA9 LEVEL4 ,ALL ?R\< ! EI<TE5? C5TURY IT LEGISLAT$ AGA9/ ! WORK]S' UNIONS1 & 9 #agii IT F9ALLY PROHIBIT$ ALL SORTS ( COMB9ATIONS1 UND] ! M5ACE ( SEV]E PUNI%M5TS4 ,9 FACT1 ! ,BRITI% ,P>LIAM5T ONLY FOLL[$ 9 ?IS CASE ! EXAMPLE ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION>Y ,CONV5TION1 :I* HAD ISSU$ A DRACONIC LAW AGA9/ COALITIONS ( WORK]S-COALITIONS BETWE5 A NUMB] ( CITIZ5S BE+ CONSID]$ AS ATTEMPTS AGA9/ ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! ,/ATE1 :I* WAS SUPPOS$ EQUALLY TO PROTECT ALL ITS SUBJECTS4 ,! WORK ( DE/RUCTION ( ! M$IEVAL UNIONS WAS ?US COMPLET$4 ,BO? 9 ! T[N & 9 ! VILLAGE ! ,/ATE REIGN$ OV] LOOSE AGGREGATIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS1 & WAS READY TO PREV5T BY ! MO/ /R+5T MEASURES ! RECON/ITUTION ( ANY SORT ( SEP>ATE UNIONS AMONG !M4 ,!SE W]E1 !N1 ! CONDITIONS UND] :I* ! MUTUAL-AID T5D5CY HAD TO MAKE ITS WAY 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 

  ,NE$ IT BE SAID ?AT NO SU* MEASURES C\LD DE/ROY ?AT T5D5CY8 ,?R\<\T ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 ! WORK]S' UNIONS W]E CONT9UALLY RECON/ITUT$4#c ,NOR W]E !Y /OPP$ BY ! CRUEL PROSECUTIONS :I* TOOK PLACE UND] ! LAWS ( #agig & #a#g#i#i4 ,EV]Y FLAW 9 SUP]VISION1 EV]Y DELAY ( ! MA/]S 9 D5\NC+ ! UNIONS WAS TAK5 ADVANTAGE (4 ,UND] ! COV] ( FRI5DLY SOCIETIES1 BURIAL CLUBS1 OR SECRET BRO!RHOODS1 ! UNIONS SPREAD 9 ! TEXTILE 9DU/RIES1 AMONG ! ,%EFFIELD CUTL]S1 ! M9]S1 & VIGOR\S F$]AL ORGANIZATIONS W]E =M$ TO SUPPORT ! BRAN*ES DUR+ /RIKES & PROSECUTIONS4#d ,! REPEAL ( ! ,COMB9ATION ,LAWS 9 #ahbe GAVE A NEW IMPULSE TO ! MOVEM5T4 ,UNIONS & NATIONAL F$]ATIONS W]E =M$ 9 ALL TRADES2#e & :5 ,ROB]T ,[5 />T$ HIS ,GR& ,NATIONAL ,CONSOLIDAT$ ,TRADES' ,UNION1 IT MU/]$ HALF A MILLION MEMB]S 9 A FEW MON?S4 ,TRUE ?AT ?IS P]IOD ( RELATIVE LIB]TY DID NOT LA/ LONG4 ,PROSECUTION BEGAN ANEW 9 ! ?IRTIES1 & ! WELL-KN[N F]OCI\S CONDEMNATIONS ( #a#h#c#b-#a#h#d#d FOLL[$4 ,! ,GR& ,NATIONAL ,UNION WAS DISB&$1 & ALL OV] ! C\NTRY1 BO? ! PRIVATE EMPLOY]S & ! ,GOV]NM5T 9 ITS [N WORK%OPS BEGAN TO COMPEL ! WORK]S TO RESIGN ALL CONNECTION ) UNIONS1 & TO SIGN 0! ,DOCUM5T0 TO ?AT EFFECT4 ,UNIONI/S W]E PROSECUT$ :OLESALE UND] ! ,MA/] & ,S]VANT ,ACT -- WORK]S BE+ SUMM>ILY >RE/$ & CONDEMN$ UPON A M]E COMPLA9T ( MISBEHAVIOR LODG$ BY ! MA/]4#f ,/RIKES W]E SUPPRESS$ 9 AN AUTOCRATIC WAY1 & ! MO/ A/\ND+ CONDEMNATIONS TOOK PLACE = M]ELY HAV+ ANN\NC$ A /RIKE OR ACT$ AS A DELEGATE 9 IT -- TO SAY NO?+ ( ! MILIT>Y SUPPRESSION ( /RIKE RIOTS1 NOR ( ! CONDEMNATIONS :I* FOLL[$ ! FREQU5T \TBUR/S ( ACTS ( VIOL5CE4 ,TO PRACTICE MUTUAL SUPPORT UND] SU* CIRCUM/ANCES WAS ANY?+ BUT AN EASY TASK4 ,& YET1 NOT)/&+ ALL OB/ACLES1 ( :I* \R [N G5]ATION H>DLY CAN HAVE AN IDEA1 ! REVIVAL ( ! UNIONS BEGAN AGA9 9 #a#h#d#a1 & ! AMALGAMATION ( ! WORK]S HAS BE5 /EADILY CONT9U$ S9CE4 ,AFT] A LONG FI<T1 :I* LA/$ = OV] A HUNDR$ YE>S1 ! RI<T ( COMB9+ TOGE!R WAS CONQU]$1 & AT ! PRES5T TIME NE>LY ONE-F\R? P>T ( ! REGUL>LY-EMPLOY$ WORK]S1 I4E4 AB\T #a1#e11 BELONG TO TRADE UNIONS4#g 

  ,AS TO ! O!R ,EUROPEAN ,/ATES1 SUFFICI5T TO SAY ?AT UP TO A V]Y REC5T DATE1 ALL SORTS ( UNIONS W]E PROSECUT$ AS CONSPIRACIES2 & ?AT NEV]!LESS !Y EXI/ EV]Y:]E1 EV5 ?\< !Y MU/ (T5 TAKE ! =M ( SECRET SOCIETIES2 :ILE ! EXT5SION & ! =CE ( LABOR ORGANIZATIONS1 & ESPECIALLY ( ! ,KNI<TS ( ,LABOR1 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & 9 ,BELGIUM1 HAVE BE5 SUFFICI5TLY ILLU/RAT$ BY /RIKES 9 ! N9ETIES4 ,IT MU/1 H[EV]1 BE BORNE 9 M9D ?AT1 PROSECUTION AP>T1 ! M]E FACT ( BELONG+ TO A LABOR UNION IMPLIES CONSID]ABLE SACRIFICES 9 MONEY1 9 TIME1 & 9 UNPAID WORK1 & CONT9UALLY IMPLIES ! RISK ( LOS+ EMPLOYM5T = ! M]E FACT ( BE+ A UNIONI/4#h ,!RE IS1 MOREOV]1 ! /RIKE1 :I* A UNIONI/ HAS CONT9UALLY TO FACE2 & ! GRIM REALITY ( A /RIKE IS1 ?AT ! LIMIT$ CR$IT ( A WORK]'S FAMILY AT ! BAK]'S & ! PAWNBROK]'S IS SOON EXHAU/$1 ! /RIKE-PAY GOES NOT F> EV5 = FOOD1 & HUNG] IS SOON WRITT5 ON ! *ILDR5'S FACES4 ,= ONE :O LIVES 9 CLOSE CONTACT ) WORK]S1 A PROTRACT$ /RIKE IS ! MO/ HE>TR5D+ SI<T2 :ILE :AT A /RIKE MEANT =TY YE>S AGO 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 & /ILL MEANS 9 ALL BUT ! WEAL?IE/ P>TS ( ! CONT95T1 CAN EASILY BE CONCEIV$4 ,CONT9UALLY1 EV5 N[1 /RIKES WILL 5D ) ! TOTAL RU9 & ! =C$ EMIGRATION ( :OLE POPULATIONS1 :ILE ! %OOT+ D[N ( /RIK]S ON ! SLI<TE/ PROVOCATION1 OR EV5 )\T ANY PROVOCATION1#i IS QUITE HABITUAL /ILL ON ! CONT95T4 

  ,& YET1 EV]Y YE> !RE >E ?\S&S ( /RIKES & LOCK-\TS 9 ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA -- ! MO/ SEV]E & PROTRACT$ CONTE/S BE+1 AS A RULE1 ! SO-CALL$ 0SYMPA?Y /RIKES10 :I* >E 5T]$ UPON TO SUPPORT LOCK$-\T COMRADES OR TO MA9TA9 ! RI<TS ( ! UNIONS4 ,& :ILE A PORTION ( ! ,PRESS IS PRONE TO EXPLA9 /RIKES BY 09TIMIDATION10 ?OSE :O HAVE LIV$ AMONG /RIK]S SPEAK ) ADMIRATION ( ! MUTUAL AID & SUPPORT :I* >E CON/ANTLY PRACTIC$ BY !M4 ,EV]Y ONE HAS HE>D ( ! COLOSSAL AM\NT ( WORK :I* WAS DONE BY VOLUNTE] WORK]S = ORGANIZ+ RELIEF DUR+ ! ,LONDON DOCK-LABOR]S' /RIKE2 ( ! M9]S :O1 AFT] HAV+ !MSELVES BE5 IDLE = MANY WEEKS1 PAID A LEVY ( F\R %ILL+S A WEEK TO ! /RIKE FUND :5 !Y RESUM$ WORK2 ( ! M9] WID[ :O1 DUR+ ! ,YORK%IRE LABOR W> ( #a#h#i#d1 BR\<T H] HUSB&'S LIFE-SAV+S TO ! /RIKE-FUND2 ( ! LA/ LOAF ( BREAD BE+ ALWAYS %>$ ) NEI<BORS2 ( ! ,RAD/OCK M9]S1 FAVOR$ ) L>G] KIT*5-G>D5S1 :O 9VIT$ F\R HUNDR$ ,BRI/OL M9]S TO TAKE !IR %>E ( CABBAGE & POTATOES1 & SO ON4 ,ALL NEWSPAP] CORRESPOND5TS1 DUR+ ! GREAT /RIKE ( M9]S 9 ,YORK%IRE 9 #a#h#i#d1 KNEW HEAPS ( SU* FACTS1 AL?\< NOT ALL ( !M C\LD REPORT SU* 0IRRELEVANT0 MATT]S TO !IR RESPECTIVE PAP]S4#a  

  ,UNIONISM IS NOT1 H[EV]1 ! ONLY =M 9 :I* ! WORK]'S NE$ ( MUTUAL SUPPORT F9DS ITS EXPRESSION4 ,!RE >E1 BESIDES1 ! POLITICAL ASSOCIATIONS1 :OSE ACTIVITY MANY WORK]S CONSID] AS MORE CONDUCIVE TO G5]AL WELF>E ?AN ! TRADE-UNIONS1 LIMIT$ AS !Y >E N[ 9 !IR PURPOSES4 ,( C\RSE ! M]E FACT ( BELONG+ TO A POLITICAL BODY CANNOT BE TAK5 AS A MANIFE/ATION ( ! MUTUAL-AID T5D5CY4 ,WE ALL KN[ ?AT POLITICS >E ! FIELD 9 :I* ! PURELY EGOTI/IC ELEM5TS ( SOCIETY 5T] 9TO ! MO/ 5TANGL$ COMB9ATIONS ) ALTRUI/IC ASPIRATIONS4 ,BUT EV]Y EXP]I5C$ POLITICIAN KN[S ?AT ALL GREAT POLITICAL MOVEM5TS W]E F\<T UPON L>GE & (T5 DI/ANT ISSUES1 & ?AT ?OSE ( !M W]E ! /RONGE/ :I* PROVOK$ MO/ DIS9T]E/$ 5?USIASM4 ,ALL GREAT HI/ORICAL MOVEM5TS HAVE HAD ?IS *>ACT]1 & = \R [N G5]ATION ,SOCIALISM /&S 9 ?AT CASE4 0,PAID AGITATORS0 IS1 NO D\BT1 ! FAVORITE REFRA9 ( ?OSE :O KN[ NO?+ AB\T IT4 ,! TRU?1 H[EV]1 IS ?AT -- TO SPEAK ONLY ( :AT ,I KN[ P]SONALLY -- IF ,I HAD KEPT A DI>Y = ! LA/ TW5TY-F\R YE>S & 9SCRIB$ 9 IT ALL ! DEVOTION & SELF-SACRIFICE :I* ,I CAME ACROSS 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 ! READ] ( SU* A DI>Y W\LD HAVE HAD ! WORD 0H]OISM0 CON/ANTLY ON HIS LIPS4 ,BUT ! M5 ,I W\LD HAVE SPOK5 ( W]E NOT H]OES2 !Y W]E AV]AGE M51 9SPIR$ BY A GR& IDEA4 ,EV]Y ,SOCIALI/ NEWSPAP] -- & !RE >E HUNDR$S ( !M 9 ,EUROPE ALONE -- HAS ! SAME HI/ORY ( YE>S ( SACRIFICE )\T ANY HOPE ( REW>D1 &1 9 ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( CASES1 EV5 )\T ANY P]SONAL AMBITION4 ,I HAVE SE5 FAMILIES LIV+ )\T KN[+ :AT W\LD BE !IR FOOD TO-MORR[1 ! HUSB& BOYCOTT$ ALL R\ND 9 HIS LITTLE T[N = HIS P>T 9 ! PAP]1 & ! WIFE SUPPORT+ ! FAMILY BY SEW+1 & SU* A SITUATION LA/+ = YE>S1 UNTIL ! FAMILY W\LD RETIRE1 )\T A WORD ( REPROA*1 SIMPLY SAY+3 0,CONT9UE2 WE CAN HOLD ON NO MORE60 ,I HAVE SE5 M51 DY+ FROM CONSUMPTION1 & KN[+ IT1 & YET KNOCK+ AB\T 9 SN[ & FOG TO PREP>E MEET+S1 SPEAK+ AT MEET+S )9 A FEW WEEKS FROM DEA?1 & ONLY !N RETIR+ TO ! HOSPITAL ) ! WORDS3 0,N[1 FRI5DS1 ,I AM DONE2 ! DOCTORS SAY ,I HAVE BUT A FEW WEEKS TO LIVE4 ,TELL ! COMRADES ?AT ,I %ALL BE HAPPY IF !Y COME TO SEE ME40 ,I HAVE SE5 FACTS :I* W\LD BE DESCRIB$ AS 0IDEALIZATION0 IF ,I TOLD !M 9 ?IS PLACE2 & ! V]Y NAMES ( !SE M51 H>DLY KN[N \TSIDE A N>R[ CIRCLE ( FRI5DS1 WILL SOON BE =GOTT5 :5 ! FRI5DS1 TOO1 HAVE PASS$ AWAY4 ,9 FACT1 ,I DON'T KN[ MYSELF :I* MO/ TO ADMIRE1 ! UNB\ND$ DEVOTION ( !SE FEW1 OR ! SUM TOTAL ( PETTY ACTS ( DEVOTION ( ! GREAT NUMB]4 ,EV]Y QUIRE ( A P5NY PAP] SOLD1 EV]Y MEET+1 EV]Y HUNDR$ VOTES :I* >E WON AT A ,SOCIALI/ ELECTION1 REPRES5T AN AM\NT ( 5]GY & SACRIFICES ( :I* NO \TSID] HAS ! FA9TE/ IDEA4 ,& :AT IS N[ DONE BY ,SOCIALI/S HAS BE5 DONE 9 EV]Y POPUL> & ADVANC$ P>TY1 POLITICAL & RELIGI\S1 9 ! PA/4 ,ALL PA/ PROGRESS HAS BE5 PROMOT$ BY LIKE M5 & BY A LIKE DEVOTION4 

  ,COOP]ATION1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,BRITA91 IS (T5 DESCRIB$ AS 0JO9T-/OCK 9DIVIDUALISM02 & SU* AS IT IS N[1 IT UND\BT$LY T5DS TO BRE$ A COOP]ATIVE EGOTISM1 NOT ONLY T[>DS ! COMMUNITY AT L>GE1 BUT ALSO AMONG ! COOP]ATORS !MSELVES4 ,IT IS1 NEV]!LESS1 C]TA9 ?AT AT ITS ORIG9 ! MOVEM5T HAD AN ESS5TIALLY MUTUAL-AID *>ACT]4 ,EV5 N[1 ITS MO/ >D5T PROMOT]S >E P]SUAD$ ?AT COOP]ATION LEADS MANK9D TO A HI<] H>MONIC /AGE ( ECONOMICAL RELATIONS1 & IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO /AY 9 SOME ( ! /RON<OLDS ( COOP]ATION 9 ! ,NOR? )\T REALIZ+ ?AT ! GREAT NUMB] ( ! RANK & FILE HOLD ! SAME OP9ION4 ,MO/ ( !M W\LD LOSE 9T]E/ 9 ! MOVEM5T IF ?AT FAI? W]E GONE2 & IT MU/ BE [N$ ?AT )9 ! LA/ FEW YE>S BROAD] IDEALS ( G5]AL WELF>E & ( ! PRODUC]S' SOLID>ITY HAVE BEGUN TO BE CURR5T AMONG ! COOP]ATORS4 ,!RE IS UND\BT$LY N[ A T5D5CY T[>DS E/ABLI%+ BETT] RELATIONS BETWE5 ! [N]S ( ! COOP]ATIVE WORK%OPS & ! WORK]S4 

  ,! IMPORTANCE ( COOP]ATION 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 9 ,HOLL& & 9 ,D5M>K IS WELL KN[N2 :ILE 9 ,G]MANY1 & ESPECIALLY ON ! ,RH9E1 ! COOP]ATIVE SOCIETIES >E ALREADY AN IMPORTANT FACTOR ( 9DU/RIAL LIFE4#a#a ,IT IS1 H[EV]1 ,RUSSIA :I* (F]S P]HAPS ! BE/ FIELD = ! /UDY ( COOP]ATION UND] AN 9F9ITE V>IETY ( ASPECTS4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 IT IS A NATURAL GR[?1 AN 9H]ITANCE FROM ! MIDDLE AGES2 & :ILE A =MALLY E/ABLI%$ COOP]ATIVE SOCIETY W\LD HAVE TO COPE ) MANY LEGAL DIFFICULTIES & (FICIAL SUSPICION1 ! 9=MAL COOP]ATION -- ! >TEL -- MAKES ! V]Y SUB/ANCE ( ,RUSSIAN PEASANT LIFE4 ,! HI/ORY ( 0! MAK+ ( ,RUSSIA10 & ( ! COLONIZATION ( ,SIB]IA1 IS A HI/ORY ( ! HUNT+ & TRAD+ >TELS OR GUILDS1 FOLL[$ BY VILLAGE COMMUNITIES1 & AT ! PRES5T TIME WE F9D ! >TEL EV]Y:]E2 AMONG EA* GR\P ( T5 TO FIFTY PEASANTS :O COME FROM ! SAME VILLAGE TO WORK AT A FACTORY1 9 ALL ! BUILD+ TRADES1 AMONG FI%]M5 & HUNT]S1 AMONG CONVICTS ON !IR WAY TO & 9 ,SIB]IA1 AMONG RAILWAY PORT]S1 ,EX*ANGE MESS5G]S1 ,CU/OMS ,H\SE LABOR]S1 EV]Y:]E 9 ! VILLAGE 9DU/RIES1 :I* GIVE OCCUPATION TO #g11 M5 -- FROM TOP TO BOTTOM ( ! WORK+ WORLD1 P]MAN5T & TEMPOR>Y1 = PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION UND] ALL POSSIBLE ASPECTS4 ,UNTIL N[1 MANY ( ! FI%+-GR\NDS ON ! TRIBUT>IES ( ! ,CASPIAN ,SEA >E HELD BY IMM5SE >TELS1 ! ,URAL RIV] BELONG+ TO ! :OLE ( ! ,URAL ,COSSACKS1 :O ALLOT & RE-ALLOT ! FI%+-GR\NDS -- P]HAPS ! RI*E/ 9 ! WORLD -- AMONG ! VILLAGES1 )\T ANY 9T]F]5CE ( ! AU?ORITIES4 ,FI%+ IS ALWAYS MADE BY >TELS 9 ! ,URAL1 ! ,VOLGA1 & ALL ! LAKES ( ,NOR!RN ,RUSSIA4 ,BESIDES !SE P]MAN5T ORGANIZATIONS1 !RE >E ! SIMPLY C\NTLESS TEMPOR>Y >TELS1 CON/ITUT$ = EA* SPECIAL PURPOSE4 ,:5 T5 OR TW5TY PEASANTS COME FROM SOME LOCALITY TO A BIG T[N1 TO WORK AS WEAV]S1 C>P5T]S1 MASONS1 BOAT-BUILD]S1 & SO ON1 !Y ALWAYS CON/ITUTE AN >TEL4 ,!Y HIRE ROOMS1 HIRE A COOK 7V]Y (T5 ! WIFE ( ONE ( !M ACTS 9 ?IS CAPACITY71 ELECT AN ELD]1 & TAKE !IR MEALS 9 COMMON1 EA* ONE PAY+ HIS %>E = FOOD & LODG+ TO ! >TEL4 ,A P>TY ( CONVICTS ON ITS WAY TO ,SIB]IA ALWAYS DOES ! SAME1 & ITS ELECT$ ELD] IS ! (FICIALLY-RECOGNIZ$ 9T]M$I>Y BETWE5 ! CONVICTS & ! MILIT>Y *IEF ( ! P>TY4 ,9 ! H>D-LABOR PRISONS !Y HAVE ! SAME ORGANIZATION4 ,! RAILWAY PORT]S1 ! MESS5G]S AT ! ,EX*ANGE1 ! WORK]S AT ! ,CU/OM ,H\SE1 ! T[N MESS5G]S 9 ! CAPITALS1 :O >E COLLECTIVELY RESPONSIBLE = EA* MEMB]1 5JOY SU* A REPUTATION ?AT ANY AM\NT ( MONEY OR BANKNOTES IS TRU/$ TO ! >TEL-MEMB] BY ! M]*ANTS4 ,9 ! BUILD+ TRADES1 >TELS ( FROM #a TO #b MEMB]S >E =M$2 & ! S]I\S BUILD]S & RAILWAY CONTRACTORS ALWAYS PREF] TO DEAL ) AN >TEL ?AN ) SEP>ATELY-HIR$ WORK]S4 ,! LA/ ATTEMPTS ( ! ,M9I/RY ( ,W> TO DEAL DIRECTLY ) PRODUCTIVE >TELS1 =M$ AD HOC 9 ! DOME/IC TRADES1 & TO GIVE !M ORD]S = BOOTS & ALL SORTS ( BRASS & IRON GOODS1 >E DESCRIB$ AS MO/ SATISFACTORY2 :ILE ! R5T+ ( A ,CR[N IRON WORK1 7,VOTK9SK7 TO AN >TEL ( WORK]S1 :I* TOOK PLACE SEV5 OR EI<T YE>S AGO1 HAS BE5 A DECID$ SUCCESS4 

  ,WE CAN ?US SEE 9 ,RUSSIA H[ ! OLD M$IEVAL 9/ITUTION1 HAV+ NOT BE5 9T]F]$ ) BY ! ,/ATE 79 ITS 9=MAL MANIFE/ATIONS71 HAS FULLY SURVIV$ UNTIL N[1 & TAKES ! GREATE/ V>IETY ( =MS 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! REQUIREM5TS ( MOD]N 9DU/RY & COMM]CE4 ,AS TO ! ,BALKAN P59SULA1 ! ,TURKI% ,EMPIRE & ,CAUCASIA1 ! OLD GUILDS >E MA9TA9$ !RE 9 FULL4 ,! ESNAFS ( ,S]VIA HAVE FULLY PRES]V$ !IR M$IEVAL *>ACT]2 !Y 9CLUDE BO? MA/]S & J\RNEYM51 REGULATE ! TRADES1 & >E 9/ITUTIONS = MUTUAL SUPPORT 9 LABOR & SICKNESS2#a#b :ILE ! AMK>I ( ,CAUCASIA1 & ESPECIALLY AT ,TIFLIS1 ADD TO !SE FUNCTIONS A CONSID]ABLE 9FLU5CE 9 MUNICIPAL LIFE4#a#c 

  ,9 CONNECTION ) COOP]ATION1 ,I \<T P]HAPS TO M5TION ALSO ! FRI5DLY SOCIETIES1 ! UNITIES ( ODD FELL[S1 ! VILLAGE & T[N CLUBS ORGANIZ$ = MEET+ ! DOCTORS' BILLS1 ! DRESS & BURIAL CLUBS1 ! SMALL CLUBS V]Y COMMON AMONG FACTORY GIRLS1 TO :I* !Y CONTRIBUTE A FEW P5CE EV]Y WEEK1 & AFT]W>DS DRAW BY LOT ! SUM ( ONE P\ND1 :I* CAN AT LEA/ BE US$ = SOME SUB/ANTIAL PUR*ASE1 & MANY O!RS4 ,A NOT 9CONSID]ABLE AM\NT ( SOCIABLE OR JOVIAL SPIRIT IS ALIVE 9 ALL SU* SOCIETIES & CLUBS1 EV5 ?\< ! 0CR$IT & DEBIT0 ( EA* MEMB] >E CLOSELY WAT*$ OV]4 ,BUT !RE >E SO MANY ASSOCIATIONS BAS$ ON ! READ9ESS TO SACRIFICE TIME1 HEAL?1 & LIFE IF REQUIR$1 ?AT WE CAN PRODUCE NUMB]S ( ILLU/RATIONS ( ! BE/ =MS ( MUTUAL SUPPORT4 

  ,! ,LIFEBOAT ,ASSOCIATION 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 & SIMIL> 9/ITUTIONS ON ! ,CONT95T1 MU/ BE M5TION$ 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 ,! =M] HAS N[ OV] ?REE HUNDR$ BOATS ALONG ! COA/S ( !SE ISLES1 & IT W\LD HAVE TWICE AS MANY W]E IT NOT = ! POV]TY ( ! FI%] M51 :O CANNOT AF=D TO BUY LIFEBOATS4 ,! CREWS CONSI/1 H[EV]1 ( VOLUNTE]S1 :OSE READ9ESS TO SACRIFICE !IR LIVES = ! RESCUE ( ABSOLUTE /RANG]S TO !M IS PUT EV]Y YE> TO A SEV]E TE/2 EV]Y W9T] ! LOSS ( SEV]AL ( ! BRAVE/ AMONG !M /&S ON RECORD4 ,& IF WE ASK !SE M5 :AT MOVES !M TO RISK !IR LIVES1 EV5 :5 !RE IS NO REASONABLE *ANCE ( SUCCESS1 !IR ANSW] IS SOME?+ ON ! FOLL[+ L9ES4 ,A FE>FUL SN[/ORM1 BL[+ ACROSS ! ,*ANNEL1 RAG$ ON ! FLAT1 S&Y COA/ ( A T9Y VILLAGE 9 ,K5T1 & A SMALL SMACK1 LAD5 ) ORANGES1 /R&$ ON ! S&S NE> BY4 ,9 !SE %ALL[ WAT]S ONLY A FLAT-BOTTOM$ LIFEBOAT ( A SIMPLIFI$ TYPE CAN BE KEPT1 & TO LAUN* IT DUR+ SU* A /ORM WAS TO FACE AN ALMO/ C]TA9 DISA/]4 ,& YET ! M5 W5T \T1 F\<T = H\RS AGA9/ ! W9D1 & ! BOAT CAPSIZ$ TWICE4 ,ONE MAN WAS DR[N$1 ! O!RS W]E CA/ A%ORE4 ,ONE ( !SE LA/1 A REF9$ COA/GU>D1 WAS F\ND NEXT MORN+1 BADLY BRUIS$ & HALF FROZ5 9 ! SN[4 ,I ASK$ HIM1 H[ !Y CAME TO MAKE ?AT DESP]ATE ATTEMPT80 ,I DON'T KN[ MYSELF10 WAS HIS REPLY4 0,!RE WAS ! WRECK2 ALL ! PEOPLE FROM ! VILLAGE /OOD ON ! BEA*1 & ALL SAID IT W\LD BE FOOLI% TO GO \T2 WE NEV] %\LD WORK ?R\< ! SURF4 ,WE SAW FIVE OR SIX M5 CL++ TO ! MA/1 MAK+ DESP]ATE SIGNALS4 ,WE ALL FELT ?AT SOME?+ MU/ BE DONE1 BUT :AT C\LD WE DO8 ,ONE H\R PASS$1 TWO H\RS1 & WE ALL /OOD !RE4 ,WE ALL FELT MO/ UNCOM=TABLE4 ,!N1 ALL ( A SUDD51 ?R\< ! /ORM1 IT SEEM$ TO US AS IF WE HE>D !IR CRIES -- !Y HAD A BOY ) !M4 ,WE C\LD NOT /& ?AT ANY LONG]4 ,ALL AT ONCE WE SAID1 0,WE MU/ GO60 ,! WOM5 SAID SO TOO2 !Y W\LD HAVE TREAT$ US AS C[>DS IF WE HAD NOT GONE1 AL?\< NEXT DAY !Y SAID WE HAD BE5 FOOLS TO GO4 ,AS ONE MAN1 WE RU%$ TO ! BOAT1 & W5T4 ,! BOAT CAPSIZ$1 BUT WE TOOK HOLD ( IT4 ,! WOR/ WAS TO SEE POOR DR[N+ BY ! SIDE ( ! BOAT1 & WE C\LD DO NO?+ TO SAVE HIM4 ,!N CAME A FE>FUL WAVE1 ! BOAT CAPSIZ$ AGA91 & WE W]E CA/ A%ORE4 ,! M5 W]E /ILL RESCU$ BY ! ,D4 BOAT1 \RS WAS CAU<T MILES AWAY4 ,I WAS F\ND NEXT MORN+ 9 ! SN[40 

  ,! SAME FEEL+ MOV$ ALSO ! M9]S ( ! ,RHONDA ,VALLEY1 :5 !Y WORK$ = ! RESCUE ( !IR COMRADES FROM ! 9UNDAT$ M9E4 ,!Y HAD PI]C$ ?R\< ?IRTY-TWO Y>DS ( COAL 9 ORD] TO REA* !IR 5TOMB$ COMRADES2 BUT :5 ONLY ?REE Y>DS MORE REMA9$ TO BE PI]C$1 FIRE-DAMP 5VELOP$ !M4 ,! LAMPS W5T \T1 & ! RESCUE-M5 RETIR$4 ,TO WORK 9 SU* CONDITIONS WAS TO RISK BE+ BL[N UP AT EV]Y MOM5T4 ,BUT ! RAPS ( ! 5TOMB$ M9]S W]E /ILL HE>D1 ! M5 W]E /ILL ALIVE & APPEAL$ = HELP1 & SEV]AL M9]S VOLUNTE]$ TO WORK AT ANY RISK2 & AS !Y W5T D[N ! M9E1 !IR WIVES HAD ONLY SIL5T TE>S TO FOLL[ !M -- NOT ONE WORD TO /OP !M4 

  ,!RE IS ! GI/ ( HUMAN PSY*OLOGY4 ,UNLESS M5 >E MADD5$ 9 ! BATTLEFIELD1 !Y 0CANNOT /& IT0 TO HE> APPEALS = HELP1 & NOT TO RESPOND TO !M4 ,! H]O GOES2 & :AT ! H]O DOES1 ALL FEEL ?AT !Y \<T TO HAVE DONE AS WELL4 ,! SOPHISMS ( ! BRA9 CANNOT RESI/ ! MUTUAL-AID FEEL+1 BECAUSE ?IS FEEL+ HAS BE5 NURTUR$ BY ?\S&S ( YE>S ( HUMAN SOCIAL LIFE & HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( YE>S ( PRE-HUMAN LIFE 9 SOCIETIES4 

  0,BUT :AT AB\T ?OSE M5 :O W]E DR[N$ 9 ! ,S]P5T9E 9 ! PRES5CE ( A CR[D1 \T ( :I* NO ONE MOV$ = !IR RESCUE80 IT MAY BE ASK$4 0,:AT AB\T ! *ILD :I* FELL 9TO ! ,REG5T'S ,P>K ,CANAL -- ALSO 9 ! PRES5CE ( A HOLIDAY CR[D -- & WAS ONLY SAV$ ?R\< ! PRES5CE ( M9D ( A MAID :O LET \T A ,NEWF\NDL& DOG TO ! RESCUE80 ,! ANSW] IS PLA9 5\<4 ,MAN IS A RESULT ( BO? HIS 9H]IT$ 9/9CTS & HIS $UCATION4 ,AMONG ! M9]S & ! SEAM51 !IR COMMON OCCUPATIONS & !IR EV]YDAY CONTACT ) ONE ANO!R CREATE A FEEL+ ( SOLID>ITY1 :ILE ! SURR\ND+ DANG]S MA9TA9 C\RAGE & PLUCK4 ,9 ! CITIES1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! ABS5CE ( COMMON 9T]E/ NURTURES 9DIFF]5CE1 :ILE C\RAGE & PLUCK1 :I* SELDOM F9D !IR OPPORTUNITIES1 DISAPPE>1 OR TAKE ANO!R DIRECTION4 ,MOREOV]1 ! TRADITION ( ! H]O ( ! M9E & ! SEA LIVES 9 ! M9]S' & FI%]M5'S VILLAGES1 ADORN$ ) A POETICAL HALO4 ,BUT :AT >E ! TRADITIONS ( A MOTLEY ,LONDON CR[D8 ,! ONLY TRADITION !Y MI<T HAVE 9 COMMON \<T TO BE CREAT$ BY LIT]ATURE1 BUT A LIT]ATURE :I* W\LD CORRESPOND TO ! VILLAGE EPICS H>DLY EXI/S4 ,! CL]GY >E SO ANXI\S TO PROVE ?AT ALL ?AT COMES FROM HUMAN NATURE IS S91 & ?AT ALL GOOD 9 MAN HAS A SUP]NATURAL ORIG91 ?AT !Y MO/LY IGNORE ! FACTS :I* CANNOT BE PRODUC$ AS AN EXAMPLE ( HI<] 9SPIRATION OR GRACE1 COM+ FROM ABOVE4 ,& AS TO ! LAY-WRIT]S1 !IR ATT5TION IS *IEFLY DIRECT$ T[>DS ONE SORT ( H]OISM1 ! H]OISM :I* PROMOTES ! IDEA ( ! ,/ATE4 ,!RE=E1 !Y ADMIRE ! ,ROMAN H]O1 OR ! SOLDI] 9 ! BATTLE1 :ILE !Y PASS BY ! FI%]MAN'S H]OISM1 H>DLY PAY+ ATT5TION TO IT4 ,! POET & ! PA9T] MI<T1 ( C\RSE1 BE TAK5 BY ! BEAUTY ( ! HUMAN HE>T 9 ITSELF2 BUT BO? SELDOM KN[ ! LIFE ( ! POOR] CLASSES1 & :ILE !Y CAN S+ OR PA9T ! ,ROMAN OR ! MILIT>Y H]O 9 CONV5TIONAL SURR\ND+S1 !Y CAN NEI!R S+ NOR PA9T IMPRESSIVELY ! H]O :O ACTS 9 ?OSE MODE/ SURR\ND+S :I* !Y IGNORE4 ,IF !Y V5TURE TO DO SO1 !Y PRODUCE A M]E PIECE ( RHETORIC4#a#d 

  ,! C\NTLESS SOCIETIES1 CLUBS1 & ALLIANCES1 = ! 5JOYM5T ( LIFE1 = /UDY & RESE>*1 = $UCATION1 & SO ON1 :I* HAVE LATELY GR[N UP 9 SU* NUMB]S ?AT IT W\LD REQUIRE MANY YE>S TO SIMPLY TABULATE !M1 >E ANO!R MANIFE/ATION ( ! SAME EV]-WORK+ T5D5CY = ASSOCIATION & MUTUAL SUPPORT4 ,SOME ( !M1 LIKE ! BROODS ( Y\NG BIRDS ( DIFF]5T SPECIES :I* COME TOGE!R 9 ! AUTUMN1 >E 5TIRELY GIV5 TO %>E 9 COMMON ! JOYS ( LIFE4 ,EV]Y VILLAGE 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 9 ,SWITZ]L&1 ,G]MANY1 & SO ON1 HAS ITS CRICKET1 FOOTBALL1 T5NIS1 N9E-P9S1 PIGEON1 MUSICAL OR S++ CLUBS4 ,O!R SOCIETIES >E MU* MORE NUM]\S1 & SOME ( !M1 LIKE ! ,CYCLI/S' ,ALLIANCE1 HAVE SUDD5LY TAK5 A =MIDABLE DEVELOPM5T4 ,AL?\< ! MEMB]S ( ?IS ALLIANCE HAVE NO?+ 9 COMMON BUT ! LOVE ( CYCL+1 !RE IS ALREADY AMONG !M A SORT ( FREEMASONRY = MUTUAL HELP1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! REMOTE NOOKS & CORN]S :I* >E NOT FLOOD$ BY CYCLI/S2 !Y LOOK UPON ! 0,C4,A4,C40 -- ! ,CYCLI/S' ,ALLIANCE ,CLUB -- 9 A VILLAGE AS A SORT ( HOME2 & AT ! YE>LY ,CYCLI/S' ,CAMP MANY A /&+ FRI5D%IP HAS BE5 E/ABLI%$4 ,! ,KEGELBRUD]1 ! ,BRO!RS ( ! ,N9E ,P9S1 9 ,G]MANY1 >E A SIMIL> ASSOCIATION2 SO ALSO ! ,GYMNA/S' ,SOCIETIES 7#c1 MEMB]S 9 ,G]MANY71 ! 9=MAL BRO!RHOOD ( PADDL]S 9 ,FRANCE1 ! YA*T CLUBS1 & SO ON4 ,SU* ASSOCIATIONS C]TA9LY DO NOT ALT] ! ECONOMICAL /RATIFICATION ( SOCIETY1 BUT1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! SMALL T[NS1 !Y CONTRIBUTE TO SMOO? SOCIAL DI/9CTIONS1 & AS !Y ALL T5D TO JO9 9 L>GE NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL F$]ATIONS1 !Y C]TA9LY AID ! GR[? ( P]SONAL FRI5DLY 9T]C\RSE BETWE5 ALL SORTS ( M5 SCATT]$ 9 DIFF]5T P>TS ( ! GLOBE4 

  ,! ,ALP9E ,CLUBS1 ! ,JAGDS*UTZV]E9 9 ,G]MANY1 :I* HAS OV] #a1 MEMB]S -- HUNT]S1 $UCAT$ =E/]S1 ZOOLOGI/S1 & SIMPLE LOV]S ( ,NATURE -- & ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,ORNI?OLOGICAL ,SOCIETY1 :I* 9CLUDES ZOOLOGI/S1 BRE$]S1 & SIMPLE PEASANTS 9 ,G]MANY1 HAVE ! SAME *>ACT]4 ,NOT ONLY HAVE !Y DONE 9 A FEW YE>S A L>GE AM\NT ( V]Y USEFUL WORK1 :I* L>GE ASSOCIATIONS ALONE C\LD DO PROP]LY 7MAPS1 REFUGE HUTS1 M\NTA9 ROADS2 /UDIES ( ANIMAL LIFE1 ( NOXI\S 9SECTS1 ( MIGRATIONS ( BIRDS1 & SO ON71 BUT !Y CREATE NEW BONDS BETWE5 M54 ,TWO ,ALP9I/S ( DIFF]5T NATIONALITIES :O MEET 9 A REFUGE HUT 9 ! ,CAUCASUS1 OR ! PR(ESSOR & ! PEASANT ORNI?OLOGI/ :O /AY 9 ! SAME H\SE1 >E NO MORE /RANG]S TO EA* O!R2 :ILE ! ,UNCLE ,TOBY'S ,SOCIETY AT ,NEWCA/LE1 :I* HAS ALREADY 9DUC$ OV] #b#f1 BOYS & GIRLS NEV] TO DE/ROY BIRDS' NE/S & TO BE K9D TO ALL ANIMALS1 HAS C]TA9LY DONE MORE = ! DEVELOPM5T ( HUMAN FEEL+S & ( TA/E 9 NATURAL SCI5CE ?AN LOTS ( MORALI/S & MO/ ( \R S*OOLS4 

  ,WE CANNOT OMIT1 EV5 9 ?IS RAPID REVIEW1 ! ?\S&S ( SCI5TIFIC1 LIT]>Y1 >TI/IC1 & $UCATIONAL SOCIETIES4 ,UP TILL N[1 ! SCI5TIFIC BODIES1 CLOSELY CONTROLL$ & (T5 SUBSIDIZ$ BY ! ,/ATE1 HAVE G5]ALLY MOV$ 9 A V]Y N>R[ CIRCLE1 & !Y (T5 CAME TO BE LOOK$ UPON AS M]E OP5+S = GETT+ ,/ATE APPO9TM5TS1 :ILE ! V]Y N>R[NESS ( !IR CIRCLES UND\BT$LY BR$ PETTY JEAL\SIES4 ,/ILL IT IS A FACT ?AT ! DI/9CTIONS ( BIR?1 POLITICAL P>TIES & CRE$S >E SMOO!D TO SOME EXT5T BY SU* ASSOCIATIONS2 :ILE 9 ! SMALL] & REMOTE T[NS ! SCI5TIFIC1 GEOGRAPHICAL1 OR MUSICAL SOCIETIES1 ESPECIALLY ?OSE ( !M :I* APPEAL TO A L>G] CIRCLE ( AMATEURS1 BECOME SMALL C5T]S ( 9TELLECTUAL LIFE1 A SORT ( L9K BETWE5 ! LITTLE SPOT & ! WIDE WORLD1 & A PLACE :]E M5 ( V]Y DIFF]5T CONDITIONS MEET ON A FOOT+ ( EQUALITY4 ,TO FULLY APPRECIATE ! VALUE ( SU* C5T]S1 ONE \<T TO KN[ !M1 SAY1 9 ,SIB]IA4 ,AS TO ! C\NTLESS $UCATIONAL SOCIETIES :I* ONLY N[ BEG9 TO BREAK D[N ! ,/ATE'S & ! ,*UR*'S MONOPOLY 9 $UCATION1 !Y >E SURE TO BECOME BE=E LONG ! LEAD+ P[] 9 ?AT BRAN*4 ,TO ! 0,FROEBEL ,UNIONS0 WE ALREADY [E ! ,K9D]G>T5 SY/EM2 & TO A NUMB] ( =MAL & 9=MAL $UCATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS WE [E ! HI< /&>D ( WOM5'S $UCATION 9 ,RUSSIA1 AL?\< ALL ! TIME !SE SOCIETIES & GR\PS HAD TO ACT 9 /RONG OPPOSITION TO A P[]FUL GOV]NM5T4#a#e ,AS TO ! V>I\S P$AGOGICAL SOCIETIES 9 ,G]MANY1 IT IS WELL KN[N ?AT !Y HAVE DONE ! BE/ P>T 9 ! WORK+ \T ( ! MOD]N ME?ODS ( TEA*+ SCI5CE 9 POPUL> S*OOLS4 ,9 SU* ASSOCIATIONS ! TEA*] F9DS ALSO HIS BE/ SUPPORT4 ,H[ MIS]ABLE ! OV]WORK$ & UND]-PAID VILLAGE TEA*] W\LD HAVE BE5 )\T !IR AID6#a#f 

  ,ALL !SE ASSOCIATIONS1 SOCIETIES1 BRO!RHOODS1 ALLIANCES1 9/ITUTES1 & SO ON1 :I* MU/ N[ BE C\NT$ BY ! T5 ?\S& 9 ,EUROPE ALONE1 & EA* ( :I* REPRES5TS AN IMM5SE AM\NT ( VOLUNT>Y1 UNAMBITI\S1 & UNPAID OR UND]PAID WORK -- :AT >E !Y BUT SO MANY MANIFE/ATIONS1 UND] AN 9F9ITE V>IETY ( ASPECTS1 ( ! SAME EV]-LIV+ T5D5CY ( MAN T[>DS MUTUAL AID & SUPPORT8 ,= NE>LY ?REE C5TURIES M5 W]E PREV5T$ FROM JO9+ H&S EV5 = LIT]>Y1 >TI/IC1 & $UCATIONAL PURPOSES4 ,SOCIETIES C\LD ONLY BE =M$ UND] ! PROTECTION ( ! ,/ATE1 OR ! ,*UR*1 OR AS SECRET BRO!RHOODS1 LIKE FREE-MASONRY4 ,BUT N[ ?AT ! RESI/ANCE HAS BE5 BROK51 !Y SW>M 9 ALL DIRECTIONS1 !Y EXT5D OV] ALL MULTIF>I\S BRAN*ES ( HUMAN ACTIVITY1 !Y BECOME 9T]NATIONAL1 & !Y UND\BT$LY CONTRIBUTE1 TO AN EXT5T :I* CANNOT YET BE FULLY APPRECIAT$1 TO BREAK D[N ! SCRE5S ]ECT$ BY ,/ATES BETWE5 DIFF]5T NATIONALITIES4 ,NOT)/&+ ! JEAL\SIES :I* >E BR$ BY COMM]CIAL COMPETITION1 & ! PROVOCATIONS TO HATR$ :I* >E S\ND$ BY ! <O/S ( A DECAY+ PA/1 !RE IS A CONSCI5CE ( 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY :I* IS GR[+ BO? AMONG ! LEAD+ SPIRITS ( ! WORLD & ! MASSES ( ! WORK]S1 S9CE !Y ALSO HAVE CONQU]$ ! RI<T ( 9T]NATIONAL 9T]C\RSE2 & 9 ! PREV5T+ ( A ,EUROPEAN W> DUR+ ! LA/ QU>T] ( A C5TURY1 ?IS SPIRIT HAS UND\BT$LY HAD ITS %>E4 

  ,! RELIGI\S *>ITABLE ASSOCIATIONS1 :I* AGA9 REPRES5T A :OLE WORLD1 C]TA9LY MU/ BE M5TION$ 9 ?IS PLACE4 ,!RE IS NOT ! SLI<TE/ D\BT ?AT ! GREAT BULK ( !IR MEMB]S >E MOV$ BY ! SAME MUTUAL-AID FEEL+S :I* >E COMMON TO ALL MANK9D4 ,UNHAPPILY ! RELIGI\S TEA*]S ( M5 PREF] TO ASCRIBE TO SU* FEEL+S A SUP]NATURAL ORIG94 ,MANY ( !M PRET5D ?AT MAN DOES NOT CONSCI\SLY OBEY ! MUTUAL-AID 9SPIRATION SO LONG AS HE HAS NOT BE5 5LI<T5$ BY ! TEA*+S ( ! SPECIAL RELIGION :I* !Y REPRES5T1 &1 ) ,/4 ,AUGU/91 MO/ ( !M DO NOT RECOGNIZE SU* FEEL+S 9 ! 0PAGAN SAVAGE40 ,MOREOV]1 :ILE E>LY ,*RI/IANITY1 LIKE ALL O!R RELIGIONS1 WAS AN APPEAL TO ! BROADLY HUMAN FEEL+S ( MUTUAL AID & SYMPA?Y1 ! ,*RI/IAN ,*UR* HAS AID$ ! ,/ATE 9 WRECK+ ALL /&+ 9/ITUTIONS ( MUTUAL AID & SUPPORT :I* W]E ANT]IOR TO IT1 OR DEVELOP$ \TSIDE ( IT2 &1 9/EAD ( ! MUTUAL AID :I* EV]Y SAVAGE CONSID]S AS DUE TO HIS K9SMAN1 IT HAS PREA*$ *>ITY :I* BE>S A *>ACT] ( 9SPIRATION FROM ABOVE1 &1 ACCORD+LY1 IMPLIES A C]TA9 SUP]IORITY ( ! GIV] UPON ! RECEIV]4 ,) ?IS LIMITATION1 & )\T ANY 9T5TION TO GIVE (F5SE TO ?OSE :O CONSID] !MSELVES AS A BODY ELECT :5 !Y ACCOMPLI% ACTS SIMPLY HUMANE1 WE C]TA9LY MAY CONSID] ! IMM5SE NUMB]S ( RELIGI\S *>ITABLE ASSOCIATIONS AS AN \TCOME ( ! SAME MUTUAL-AID T5D5CY4 

  ,ALL !SE FACTS %[ ?AT A RECKLESS PROSECUTION ( P]SONAL 9T]E/S1 ) NO REG>D TO O!R PEOPLE'S NE$S1 IS NOT ! ONLY *>ACT]I/IC ( MOD]N LIFE4 ,BY ! SIDE ( ?IS CURR5T :I* SO PR\DLY CLAIMS LEAD]%IP 9 HUMAN AFFAIRS1 WE P]CEIVE A H>D /RUGGLE SU/A9$ BY BO? ! RURAL & 9DU/RIAL POPULATIONS 9 ORD] TO RE9TRODUCE /&+ 9/ITUTIONS ( MUTUAL AID & SUPPORT2 & WE DISCOV]1 9 ALL CLASSES ( SOCIETY1 A WIDELY-SPREAD MOVEM5T T[>DS ! E/ABLI%M5T ( AN 9F9ITE V>IETY ( MORE OR LESS P]MAN5T 9/ITUTIONS = ! SAME PURPOSE4 ,BUT :5 WE PASS FROM PUBLIC LIFE TO ! PRIVATE LIFE ( ! MOD]N 9DIVIDUAL1 WE DISCOV] ANO!R EXTREMELY WIDE WORLD ( MUTUAL AID & SUPPORT1 :I* ONLY PASSES UNNOTIC$ BY MO/ SOCIOLOGI/S BECAUSE IT IS LIMIT$ TO ! N>R[ CIRCLE ( ! FAMILY & P]SONAL FRI5D%IP4#a#g 

  ,UND] ! PRES5T SOCIAL SY/EM1 ALL BONDS ( UNION AMONG ! 9HABITANTS ( ! SAME /REET OR NEI<BORHOOD HAVE BE5 DISSOLV$4 ,9 ! RI*] P>TS ( ! L>GE T[NS1 PEOPLE LIVE )\T KN[+ :O >E !IR NEXT-DOOR NEI<BORS4 ,BUT 9 ! CR[D$ LANES PEOPLE KN[ EA* O!R P]FECTLY1 & >E CONT9UALLY BR\<T 9TO MUTUAL CONTACT4 ,( C\RSE1 PETTY QU>RELS GO !IR C\RSE1 9 ! LANES AS ELSE:]E2 BUT GR\P+S 9 ACCORDANCE ) P]SONAL AFF9ITIES GR[ UP1 & )9 !IR CIRCLE MUTUAL AID IS PRACTIC$ TO AN EXT5T ( :I* ! RI*] CLASSES HAVE NO IDEA4 ,IF WE TAKE1 = 9/ANCE1 ! *ILDR5 ( A POOR NEI<BORHOOD :O PLAY 9 A /REET OR *UR*Y>D1 OR ON A GRE51 WE NOTICE AT ONCE ?AT A CLOSE UNION EXI/S AMONG !M1 NOT)/&+ ! TEMPOR>Y FI<TS1 & ?AT ?AT UNION PROTECTS !M FROM ALL SORTS ( MIS=TUNES4 ,AS SOON AS A MITE B5DS 9QUISITIVELY OV] ! OP5+ ( A DRA9 -- 0,DON'T /OP !RE10 ANO!R MITE %\TS \T1 0FEV] SITS 9 ! HOLE60 0,DON'T CLIMB OV] ?AT WALL1 ! TRA9 WILL KILL Y\ IF Y\ TUMBLE D[N6 ,DON'T COME NE> TO ! DIT*6 ,DON'T EAT ?OSE B]RIES -- POISON1 Y\ WILL DIE40 ,SU* >E ! FIR/ TEA*+S IMP>T$ TO ! UR*9 :5 HE JO9S HIS MATES \TDOORS4 ,H[ MANY ( ! *ILDR5 :OSE PLAYGR\NDS >E ! PAVEM5TS >\ND 0MODEL WORK]S' DWELL+S10 OR ! QUAYS & BRIDGES ( ! CANALS1 W\LD BE CRU%$ TO DEA? BY ! C>TS OR DR[N$ 9 ! MUDDY WAT]S1 W]E IT NOT = ?AT SORT ( MUTUAL SUPPORT4 ,& :5 A FAIR ,JACK HAS MADE A SLIP 9TO ! UNPROTECT$ DIT* AT ! BACK ( ! MILKMAN'S Y>D1 OR A *]RY-*EEK$ ,LIZZIE HAS1 AFT] ALL1 TUMBL$ D[N 9TO ! CANAL1 ! Y\NG BROOD RAISES SU* CRIES ?AT ALL ! NEI<BORHOOD IS ON ! AL]T & RU%ES TO ! RESCUE4 

  ,!N COMES 9 ! ALLIANCE ( ! MO!RS4 0,Y\ C\LD NOT IMAG9E0 7A LADY-DOCTOR :O LIVES 9 A POOR NEI<BORHOOD TOLD ME LATELY7 0H[ MU* !Y HELP EA* O!R4 ,IF A WOMAN HAS PREP>$ NO?+1 OR C\LD PREP>E NO?+1 = ! BABY :I* %E EXPECT$ -- & H[ (T5 ?AT HAPP5S6 -- ALL ! NEI<BORS BR+ SOME?+ = ! NEW-COM]4 ,ONE ( ! NEI<BORS ALWAYS TAKES C>E ( ! *ILDR51 & SOME O!R ALWAYS DROPS 9 TO TAKE C>E ( ! H\SEHOLD1 SO LONG AS ! MO!R IS 9 B$40 ,?IS HABIT IS G5]AL4 ,IT IS M5TION$ BY ALL ?OSE :O HAVE LIV$ AMONG ! POOR4 ,9 A ?\S& SMALL WAYS ! MO!RS SUPPORT EA* O!R & BE/[ !IR C>E UPON *ILDR5 ?AT >E NOT !IR [N4 ,SOME TRA9+ -- GOOD OR BAD1 LET !M DECIDE IT = !MSELVES -- IS REQUIR$ 9 A LADY ( ! RI*] CLASSES TO R5D] H] ABLE TO PASS BY A %IV]+ & HUNGRY *ILD 9 ! /REET )\T NOTIC+ IT4 ,BUT ! MO!RS ( ! POOR] CLASSES HAVE NOT ?AT TRA9+4 ,!Y CANNOT /& ! SI<T ( A HUNGRY *ILD2 !Y MU/ FE$ IT1 & SO !Y DO4 0,:5 ! S*OOL *ILDR5 BEG BREAD1 !Y SELDOM OR RA!R NEV] MEET ) A REFUSAL0 -- A LADY-FRI5D1 :O HAS WORK$ SEV]AL YE>S 9 ,:ITE*APEL 9 CONNECTION ) A WORK]S' CLUB1 WRITES TO ME4 ,BUT ,I MAY1 P]HAPS1 AS WELL TRANSCRIBE A FEW MORE PASSAGES FROM H] LETT]3 --  

  0,NURS+ NEI<BORS1 9 CASES ( ILLNESS1 )\T ANY %ADE ( REMUN]ATION1 IS QUITE G5]AL AMONG ! WORK]S4 ,ALSO1 :5 A WOMAN HAS LITTLE *ILDR51 & GOES \T = WORK1 ANO!R MO!R ALWAYS TAKES C>E ( !M4 

  0,IF1 9 ! WORK+ CLASSES1 !Y W\LD NOT HELP EA* O!R1 !Y C\LD NOT EXI/4 ,I KN[ FAMILIES :I* CONT9UALLY HELP EA* O!R -- ) MONEY1 ) FOOD1 ) FUEL1 = BR++ UP ! LITTLE *ILDR51 9 CASES ( ILLNESS1 9 CASES ( DEA?4  

  0',! M9E' & '?9E' IS MU* LESS %>PLY OBS]V$ AMONG ! POOR ?AN AMONG ! RI*4 ,%OES1 DRESS1 HATS1 & SO ON1 -- :AT MAY BE WANT$ ON ! SPOT -- >E CONT9UALLY BORR[$ FROM EA* O!R1 ALSO ALL SORTS ( H\SEHOLD ?+S4  

  0,LA/ W9T] ! MEMB]S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,RADICAL ,CLUB HAD BR\<T TOGE!R SOME LITTLE MONEY1 & BEGAN AFT] ,*RI/MAS TO DI/RIBUTE FREE S\P & BREAD TO ! *ILDR5 GO+ TO S*OOL4 ,GRADUALLY !Y HAD #a1#h *ILDR5 TO ATT5D TO4 ,! MONEY CAME FROM \TSID]S1 BUT ALL ! WORK WAS DONE BY ! MEMB]S ( ! CLUB4 ,SOME ( !M1 :O W]E \T ( WORK1 CAME AT F\R 9 ! MORN+ TO WA% & TO PEEL ! VEGETABLES2 FIVE WOM5 CAME AT N9E OR T5 7AFT] HAV+ DONE !IR [N H\SEHOLD WORK7 = COOK+1 & /AY$ TILL SIX OR SEV5 TO WA% ! DI%ES4 ,& AT MEAL TIME1 BETWE5 TWELVE & HALF-PA/ ONE1 TW5TY TO ?IRTY WORK]S CAME 9 TO AID 9 S]V+ ! S\P1 EA* ONE /AY+ :AT HE C\LD SP>E ( HIS MEAL TIME4 ,?IS LA/$ = TWO MON?S4 ,NO ONE WAS PAID40 

,MY FRI5D ALSO M5TIONS V>I\S 9DIVIDUAL CASES1 ( :I* ! FOLL[+ >E TYPICAL3 -- 

  0,ANNIE ,W4 WAS GIV5 BY H] MO!R TO BE BO>D$ BY AN OLD P]SON 9 ,WILMOT ,/REET4 ,:5 H] MO!R DI$1 ! OLD WOMAN1 :O H]SELF WAS V]Y POOR1 KEPT ! *ILD )\T BE+ PAID A P5NY = ?AT4 ,:5 ! OLD LADY DI$ TOO1 ! *ILD1 :O WAS FIVE YE>S OLD1 WAS ( C\RSE NEGLECT$ DUR+ H] ILLNESS1 & WAS RAGG$2 BUT %E WAS TAK5 AT ONCE BY ,MRS4 ,S41 ! WIFE ( A %OEMAK]1 :O H]SELF HAS SIX *ILDR54 ,LATELY1 :5 ! HUSB& WAS ILL1 !Y HAD NOT MU* TO EAT1 ALL ( !M4 

  0,! O!R DAY1 ,MRS4 ,M41 MO!R ( SIX *ILDR51 ATT5D$ ,MRS4 ,M--G ?R\<\T H] ILLNESS1 & TOOK TO H] [N ROOMS ! ELD] *ILD4444 ,BUT DO Y\ NE$ SU* FACTS8 ,!Y >E QUITE G5]AL4444 ,I KN[ ALSO ,MRS4 ,D4 7,OVAL1 ,HACKNEY ,ROAD71 :O HAS A SEW+ MA*9E & CONT9UALLY SEWS = O!RS1 )\T EV] ACCEPT+ ANY REMUN]ATION1 AL?\< %E HAS H]SELF FIVE *ILDR5 & H] HUSB& TO LOOK AFT]4444 ,& SO ON40  

  ,= EV]Y ONE :O HAS ANY IDEA ( ! LIFE ( ! LABOR+ CLASSES IT IS EVID5T ?AT )\T MUTUAL AID BE+ PRACTIC$ AMONG !M ON A L>GE SCALE !Y NEV] C\LD PULL ?R\< ALL !IR DIFFICULTIES4 ,IT IS ONLY BY *ANCE ?AT A WORK]'S FAMILY CAN LIVE ITS LIFETIME )\T HAV+ TO FACE SU* CIRCUM/ANCES AS ! CRISIS DESCRIB$ BY ! RIBBON WEAV]1 ,JOSEPH ,GUTT]IDGE1 9 HIS AUTOBIOGRAPHY4#a#h ,& IF ALL DO NOT GO TO ! GR\ND 9 SU* CASES1 !Y [E IT TO MUTUAL HELP4 ,9 ,GUTT]IDGE'S CASE IT WAS AN OLD NURSE1 MIS]ABLY POOR H]SELF1 :O TURN$ UP AT ! MOM5T :5 ! FAMILY WAS SLIPP+ T[>DS A F9AL CATA/ROPHE1 & BR\<T 9 SOME BREAD1 COAL1 & B$D+1 :I* %E HAD OBTA9$ ON CR$IT4 ,9 O!R CASES1 IT WILL BE SOME ONE ELSE1 OR ! NEI<BORS WILL TAKE /EPS TO SAVE ! FAMILY4 ,BUT )\T SOME AID FROM O!R POOR1 H[ MANY MORE W\LD BE BR\<T EV]Y YE> TO IRREP>ABLE RU96#a#i 

  ,MR4 ,PLIMSOLL1 AFT] HE HAD LIV$ = SOME TIME AMONG ! POOR1 ON #gS4 #fD4 A WEEK1 WAS COMPELL$ TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ! K9DLY FEEL+S HE TOOK ) HIM :5 HE BEGAN ?IS LIFE 0*ANG$ 9TO HE>TY RESPECT & ADMIRATION0 :5 HE SAW H[ ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! POOR >E P]MEAT$ ) MUTUAL AID & SUPPORT1 & LE>N$ ! SIMPLE WAYS 9 :I* ?AT SUPPORT IS GIV54 ,AFT] A MANY YE>S' EXP]I5CE1 HIS CONCLUSION WAS ?AT 0:5 Y\ COME TO ?9K ( IT1 SU* AS !SE M5 W]E1 SO W]E ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! WORK+ CLASSES40#b ,AS TO BR++ UP ORPHANS1 EV5 BY ! POORE/ FAMILIES1 IT IS SO WIDELY-SPREAD A HABIT1 ?AT IT MAY BE DESCRIB$ AS A G5]AL RULE2 ?US AMONG ! M9]S IT WAS F\ND1 AFT] ! TWO EXPLOSIONS AT ,W>R5 ,VALE & AT ,LUND ,HILL1 ?AT 0NE>LY ONE-?IRD ( ! M5 KILL$1 AS ! RESPECTIVE COMMITTEES CAN TE/IFY1 W]E ?US SUPPORT+ RELATIONS O!R ?AN WIFE & *ILD40 0,HAVE Y\ REFLECT$10 ,MR4 ,PLIMSOLL ADD$1 0:AT ?IS IS8 ,RI* M51 EV5 COM=TABLY-TO-DO M5 DO ?IS1 ,I DON'T D\BT4 ,BUT CONSID] ! DIFF]5CE40 ,CONSID] :AT A SUM ( ONE %ILL+1 SUBSCRIB$ BY EA* WORK] TO HELP A COMRADE'S WID[1 OR #fD4 TO HELP A FELL[-WORK] TO DEFRAY ! EXTRA EXP5SE ( A FUN]AL1 MEANS = ONE :O E>NS #a#fS4 A WEEK & HAS A WIFE1 & 9 SOME CASES FIVE OR SIX *ILDR5 TO SUPPORT4#b#a ,BUT SU* SUBSCRIPTIONS >E A G5]AL PRACTICE AMONG ! WORK]S ALL OV] ! WORLD1 EV5 9 MU* MORE ORD9>Y CASES ?AN A DEA? 9 ! FAMILY1 :ILE AID 9 WORK IS ! COMMONE/ ?+ 9 !IR LIVES4 

  ,NOR DO ! SAME PRACTICES ( MUTUAL AID & SUPPORT FAIL AMONG ! RI*] CLASSES4 ,( C\RSE1 :5 ONE ?9KS ( ! H>%NESS :I* IS (T5 %[N BY ! RI*] EMPLOY]S T[>DS !IR EMPLOYES1 ONE FEELS 9CL9$ TO TAKE ! MO/ PESSIMI/ VIEW ( HUMAN NATURE4 ,MANY MU/ REMEMB] ! 9DIGNATION :I* WAS >\S$ DUR+ ! GREAT ,YORK%IRE /RIKE ( #a#h#i#d1 :5 OLD M9]S :O HAD PICK$ COAL FROM AN AB&ON$ PIT W]E PROSECUT$ BY ! COLLI]Y [N]S4 ,&1 EV5 IF WE LEAVE ASIDE ! HORRORS ( ! P]IODS ( /RUGGLE & SOCIAL W>1 SU* AS ! EXT]M9ATION ( ?\S&S ( WORK]S' PRISON]S AFT] ! FALL ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE -- :O CAN READ1 = 9/ANCE1 REVELATIONS ( ! LABOR 9QUE/ :I* WAS MADE H]E 9 ! =TIES1 OR :AT ,LORD ,%AFTESBURY WROTE AB\T 0! FRI<TFUL WA/E ( HUMAN LIFE 9 ! FACTORIES1 TO :I* ! *ILDR5 TAK5 FROM ! WORKH\SES1 OR SIMPLY PUR*AS$ ALL OV] ?IS C\NTRY TO BE SOLD AS FACTORY SLAVES1 W]E CONSIGN$0#b#b -- :O CAN READ ?AT )\T BE+ VIVIDLY IMPRESS$ BY ! BAS5ESS :I* IS POSSIBLE 9 MAN :5 HIS GRE$9ESS IS AT /AKE8 ,BUT IT MU/ ALSO BE SAID ?AT ALL FAULT = SU* TREATM5T MU/ NOT BE ?R[N 5TIRELY UPON ! CRIM9ALITY ( HUMAN NATURE4 ,W]E NOT ! TEA*+S ( M5 ( SCI5CE1 & EV5 ( A NOTABLE PORTION ( ! CL]GY1 UP TO A QUITE REC5T TIME1 TEA*+S ( DI/RU/1 DESPITE & ALMO/ HATR$ T[>DS ! POOR] CLASSES8 ,DID NOT SCI5CE TEA* ?AT S9CE S]FDOM HAS BE5 ABOLI%$1 NO ONE NE$ BE POOR UNLESS = HIS [N VICES8 ,& H[ FEW 9 ! ,*UR* HAD ! C\RAGE TO BLAME ! *ILDR5-KILL]S1 :ILE ! GREAT NUMB]S TAU<T ?AT ! SUFF]+S ( ! POOR1 & EV5 ! SLAV]Y ( ! NEGROES1 W]E P>T ( ! ,DIV9E ,PLAN6 ,WAS NOT ,NONCON=MISM ITSELF L>GELY A POPUL> PROTE/ AGA9/ ! H>% TREATM5T ( ! POOR AT ! H& ( ! E/ABLI%$ ,*UR*8 

  ,) SU* SPIRITUAL LEAD]S1 ! FEEL+S ( ! RI*] CLASSES NECESS>ILY BECAME1 AS ,MR4 ,PIMSOLL REM>K$1 NOT SO MU* BLUNT$ AS 0/RATIFI$40 ,!Y SELDOM W5T D[NW>D T[>DS ! POOR1 FROM :OM ! WELL-TO-DO-PEOPLE >E SEP>AT$ BY !IR MANN] ( LIFE1 & :OM !Y DO NOT KN[ UND] !IR BE/ ASPECTS1 9 !IR EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,BUT AMONG !MSELVES -- ALL[ANCE BE+ MADE = ! EFFECTS ( ! WEAL?-ACCUMULAT+ PASSIONS & ! FUTILE EXP5SES IMPOS$ BY WEAL? ITSELF -- AMONG !MSELVES1 9 ! CIRCLE ( FAMILY & FRI5DS1 ! RI* PRACTICE ! SAME MUTUAL AID & SUPPORT AS ! POOR4 ,DR4 ,IH]+ & ,L4 ,D>GUN >E P]FECTLY RI<T 9 SAY+ ?AT IF A /ATI/ICAL RECORD C\LD BE TAK5 ( ALL ! MONEY :I* PASSES FROM H& TO H& 9 ! %APE ( FRI5DLY LOANS & AID1 ! SUM TOTAL W\LD BE 5ORM\S1 EV5 9 COMP>ISON ) ! COMM]CIAL TRANSACTIONS ( ! WORLD'S TRADE4 ,& IF WE C\LD ADD TO IT1 AS WE C]TA9LY \<T TO1 :AT IS SP5T 9 HOSPITALITY1 PETTY MUTUAL S]VICES1 ! MANAGEM5T ( O!R PEOPLE'S AFFAIRS1 GIFTS & *>ITIES1 WE C]TA9LY %\LD BE /RUCK BY ! IMPORTANCE ( SU* TRANSF]S 9 NATIONAL ECONOMY4 ,EV5 9 ! WORLD :I* IS RUL$ BY COMM]CIAL EGOTISM1 ! CURR5T EXPRESSION1 0,WE HAVE BE5 H>%LY TREAT$ BY ?AT FIRM10 %[S ?AT !RE IS ALSO ! FRI5DLY TREATM5T1 AS OPPOS$ TO ! H>%1 I4E4 ! LEGAL TREATM5T2 :ILE EV]Y COMM]CIAL MAN KN[S H[ MANY FIRMS >E SAV$ EV]Y YE> FROM FAILURE BY ! FRI5DLY SUPPORT ( O!R FIRMS4 

  ,AS TO ! *>ITIES & ! AM\NTS ( WORK = G5]AL WELL-BE+ :I* >E VOLUNT>ILY DONE BY SO MANY WELL-TO-DO P]SONS1 AS WELL AS BY WORK]S1 & ESPECIALLY BY PR(ESSIONAL M51 EV]Y ONE KN[S ! P>T :I* IS PLAY$ BY !SE TWO CATEGORIES ( B5EVOL5CE 9 MOD]N LIFE4 ,IF ! DESIRE ( ACQUIR+ NOTORIETY1 POLITICAL P[]1 OR SOCIAL DI/9CTION (T5 SPOILS ! TRUE *>ACT] ( ?AT SORT ( B5EVOL5CE1 !RE IS NO D\BT POSSIBLE AS TO ! IMPULSE COM+ 9 ! MAJORITY ( CASES FROM ! SAME MUTUAL-AID FEEL+S4 ,M5 :O HAVE ACQUIR$ WEAL? V]Y (T5 DO NOT F9D 9 IT ! EXPECT$ SATISFACTION4 ,O!RS BEG9 TO FEEL ?AT1 :ATEV] ECONOMI/S MAY SAY AB\T WEAL? BE+ ! REW>D ( CAPACITY1 !IR [N REW>D IS EXAGG]AT$4 ,! CONSCI5CE ( HUMAN SOLID>ITY BEG9S TO TELL2 &1 AL?\< SOCIETY LIFE IS SO >RANG$ AS TO /IFLE ?AT FEEL+ BY ?\S&S ( >TFUL MEANS1 IT (T5 GETS ! UPP] H&2 & !N !Y TRY TO F9D AN \TCOME = ?AT DEEPLY HUMAN NE$ BY GIV+ !IR =TUNE1 OR !IR =CES1 TO SOME?+ :I*1 9 !IR OP9ION1 WILL PROMOTE G5]AL WELF>E4 

  ,9 %ORT1 NEI!R ! CRU%+ P[]S ( ! C5TRALIZ$ ,/ATE NOR ! TEA*+S ( MUTUAL HATR$ & PITILESS /RUGGLE :I* CAME1 ADORN$ ) ! ATTRIBUTES ( SCI5CE1 FROM OBLIG+ PHILOSOPH]S & SOCIOLOGI/S1 C\LD WE$ \T ! FEEL+ ( HUMAN SOLID>ITY1 DEEPLY LODG$ 9 M5'S UND]/&+ & HE>T1 BECAUSE IT HAS BE5 NURTUR$ BY ALL \R PREC$+ EVOLUTION4 ,:AT WAS ! \TCOME ( EVOLUTION S9CE ITS E>LIE/ /AGES CANNOT BE OV]P[]$ BY ONE ( ! ASPECTS ( ?AT SAME EVOLUTION4 ,& ! NE$ ( MUTUAL AID & SUPPORT :I* HAD LATELY TAK5 REFUGE 9 ! N>R[ CIRCLE ( ! FAMILY1 OR ! SLUM NEI<BORS1 9 ! VILLAGE1 OR ! SECRET UNION ( WORK]S1 RE-ASS]TS ITSELF AGA91 EV5 9 \R MOD]N SOCIETY1 & CLAIMS ITS RI<TS TO BE1 AS IT ALWAYS HAS BE51 ! *IEF LEAD] T[>DS FUR!R PROGRESS4 ,SU* >E ! CONCLUSIONS :I* WE >E NECESS>ILY BR\<T TO :5 WE C>EFULLY POND] OV] EA* ( ! GR\PS ( FACTS BRIEFLY 5UM]AT$ 9 ! LA/ TWO *APT]S4 

,NOTES 

#a ,T\LM9 ,SMI?1 ,5GLI% ,GUILDS1 ,LONDON1 #a#h#g1 ,9TROD4 P4 XLIII4 

#b ,! ,ACT ( ,$W>D ! ,SIX? -- ! FIR/ ( HIS REIGN -- ORD]$ TO H& OV] TO ! ,CR[N 0ALL FRAT]NITIES1 BRO!RHOODS1 & GUILDS BE+ )9 ! REALM ( ,5GL& & ,WALES & O!R ( ! K+'S DOM9IONS2 & ALL MANORS1 L&S1 T5EM5TS1 & O!R H]$ITAM5TS BELONG+ TO !M OR ANY ( !M0 7,5GLI% ,GUILDS1 ,9TROD4 P4 XLIII74 ,SEE ALSO ,OCK5K[SKI'S ,5GL&S WIRTS*AFTLI*E ,5TWICKELUNG IM ,AUSGANGE DES ,MITTELALT]S1 ,J5A1 #a#h#g#i1 *APS4 II-V4 

#c ,SEE ,SIDNEY & ,BEATRICE ,WEBB1 ,HI/ORY ( ,TRADE-,UNIONISM1 ,LONDON1 #a#h#i#d1 PP4 #b#a-#c#h4 

#d ,SEE 9 ,SIDNEY ,WEBB'S WORK ! ASSOCIATIONS :I* EXI/$ AT ?AT TIME4 ,! ,LONDON >TISANS >E SUPPOS$ TO HAVE NEV] BE5 BETT] ORGANIZ$ ?AN 9 #a#h#a-#b4 

#e ,! ,NATIONAL ,ASSOCIATION = ! ,PROTECTION ( ,LABOR 9CLUD$ AB\T #ae SEP>ATE UNIONS1 :I* PAID HI< LEVIES1 & HAD A MEMB]%IP ( AB\T #a14 ,! ,BUILD]S' ,UNION & ! ,M9]S' ,UNIONS ALSO W]E BIG ORGANIZATIONS 7,WEBB1 L4C4 P4 #a#g74 

#f ,I FOLL[ 9 ?IS ,MR4 ,WEBB'S WORK1 :I* IS REPLETE ) DOCUM5TS TO CONFIRM HIS /ATEM5TS4 

#g ,GREAT *ANGES HAVE TAK5 PLACE S9CE ! =TIES 9 ! ATTITUDE ( ! RI*] CLASSES T[>DS ! UNIONS4 ,H[EV]1 EV5 9 ! SIXTIES1 ! EMPLOY]S MADE A =MIDABLE CONC]T$ ATTEMPT TO CRU% !M BY LOCK+ \T :OLE POPULATIONS4 ,UP TO #ahfi ! SIMPLE AGREEM5T TO /RIKE1 & ! ANN\NCEM5T ( A /RIKE BY PLAC>DS1 TO SAY NO?+ ( PICKET+1 W]E (T5 PUNI%$ AS 9TIMIDATION4 ,ONLY 9 #ahge ! ,MA/] & ,S]VANT ,ACT WAS REPEAL$1 PEACEFUL PICKET+ WAS P]MITT$1 & 0VIOL5CE & 9TIMIDATION0 DUR+ /RIKES FELL 9TO ! DOMA9 ( COMMON LAW4 ,YET1 EV5 DUR+ ! DOCK-LABOR]S' /RIKE 9 #a#h#h#g1 RELIEF MONEY HAD TO BE SP5T = FI<T+ BE=E ! ,C\RTS = ! RI<T ( PICKET+1 :ILE ! PROSECUTIONS ( ! LA/ FEW YE>S M5ACE ONCE MORE TO R5D] ! CONQU]$ RI<TS ILLUSORY4 

#h ,A WEEKLY CONTRIBUTION ( #fD4 \T ( AN #a#hS4 WAGE1 OR ( #aS4 \T ( #b#eS41 MEANS MU* MORE ?AN #iL4 \T ( A #cL4 9COME3 IT IS MO/LY TAK5 UPON FOOD2 & ! LEVY IS SOON D\BL$ :5 A /RIKE IS DECL>$ 9 A BRO!R UNION4 ,! GRAPHIC DESCRIPTION ( TRADE-UNION LIFE1 BY A SKILL$ CRAFTSMAN1 PUBLI%$ BY ,MR4 & ,MRS4 ,WEBB 7PP4 #dca SEQ471 GIVES AN EXCELL5T IDEA ( ! AM\NT ( WORK REQUIR$ FROM A UNIONI/4 

#i ,SEE ! DEBATES UPON ! /RIKES ( ,FALK5AU 9 ,AU/RIA BE=E ! ,AU/RIAN ,REI*/AG ON ! #a? ( ,MAY1 #a#h#i#d1 9 :I* DEBATES ! FACT IS FULLY RECOGNIZ$ BY ! ,M9I/RY & ! [N] ( ! COLLI]Y4 ,ALSO ! ,5GLI% ,PRESS ( ?AT TIME4 

#a ,MANY SU* FACTS WILL BE F\ND 9 ! ,DAILY ,*RONICLE & P>TLY ! ,DAILY ,NEWS = ,OCTOB] & ,NOVEMB] #a#h#i#d4 

#aa ,! #c#a1#d#g#c PRODUCTIVE & CONSUM]S' ASSOCIATIONS ON ! ,MIDDLE ,RH9E %[$1 AB\T #a#h#i1 A YE>LY EXP5DITURE ( #a#h1#d#c#g1#eL42 #c1#f#g#e1L4 W]E GRANT$ DUR+ ! YE> 9 LOANS4 

#ab ,BRITI% ,CONSUL> ,REPORT1 ,APRIL #a#h#h#i4 

#ac ,A CAPITAL RESE>* ON ?IS SUBJECT HAS BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 ,RUSSIAN 9 ! ,ZAPISKI 7,MEMOIRS7 ( ! ,CAUCASIAN ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY1 VOL4 VI4 #b1 ,TIFLIS1 #a#h#i#a1 BY ,C4 ,EGIAZ>(F4 

#ad ,ESCAPE FROM A ,FR5* PRISON IS EXTREMELY DIFFICULT2 NEV]!LESS A PRISON] ESCAP$ FROM ONE ( ! ,FR5* PRISONS 9 #ahhd OR #a#h#h#e4 ,HE EV5 MANAG$ TO CONCEAL HIMSELF DUR+ ! :OLE DAY1 AL?\< ! AL>M WAS GIV5 & ! PEASANTS 9 ! NEI<BORHOOD W]E ON ! LOOK-\T = HIM4 ,NEXT MORN+ F\ND HIM CONCEAL$ 9 A DIT*1 CLOSE BY A SMALL VILLAGE4 ,P]HAPS HE 9T5D$ TO /EAL SOME FOOD1 OR SOME CLO!S 9 ORD] TO TAKE (F HIS PRISON UNI=M4 ,AS HE WAS LY+ 9 ! DIT* A FIRE BROKE \T 9 ! VILLAGE4 ,HE SAW A WOMAN RUNN+ \T ( ONE ( ! BURN+ H\SES1 & HE>D H] DESP]ATE APPEALS TO RESCUE A *ILD 9 ! UPP] /ORY ( ! BURN+ H\SE4 ,NO ONE MOV$ TO DO SO4 ,!N ! ESCAP$ PRISON] DA%$ \T ( HIS RETREAT1 MADE HIS WAY ?R\< ! FIRE1 &1 ) A SCALD$ FACE & BURN+ CLO!S1 BR\<T ! *ILD SAFE \T ( ! FIRE1 & H&$ IT TO ITS MO!R4 ,( C\RSE HE WAS >RE/$ ON ! SPOT BY ! VILLAGE G5D>ME1 :O N[ MADE HIS APPE>ANCE4 ,HE WAS TAK5 BACK TO ! PRISON4 ,! FACT WAS REPORT$ 9 ALL ,FR5* PAP]S1 BUT NONE ( !M BE/IRR$ ITSELF TO OBTA9 HIS RELEASE4 ,IF HE HAD %IELD$ A W>D] FROM A COMRADE'S BL[1 HE W\LD HAVE BE5 MADE A H]O (4 

,BUT HIS ACT WAS SIMPLY HUMANE1 IT DID NOT PROMOTE ! ,/ATE'S IDEAL2 HE HIMSELF DID NOT ATTRIBUTE IT TO A SUDD5 9SPIRATION ( DIV9E GRACE2 & ?AT WAS 5\< TO LET ! MAN FALL 9TO OBLIVION4 ,P]HAPS1 SIX OR TWELVE MON?S W]E ADD$ TO HIS S5T5CE = HAV+ /OL5 -- 0! ,/ATE'S PROP]TY0 -- ! PRISON'S DRESS4 

#ae ,! ,M$ICAL ,ACADEMY = ,WOM5 7:I* HAS GIV5 TO ,RUSSIA A L>GE PORTION ( H] #g GRADUAT$ LADY DOCTORS71 ! F\R ,LADIES' ,UNIV]SITIES 7AB\T #a1 PUPILS 9 #a#h#h#g2 CLOS$ ?AT YE>1 & REOP5$ 9 #a#h#i#e71 & ! ,HI< ,COMM]CIAL ,S*OOL = ,WOM5 >E 5TIRELY ! WORK ( SU* PRIVATE SOCIETIES4 ,TO ! SAME SOCIETIES WE [E ! HI< /&>D :I* ! GIRLS' GYMNASIA ATTA9$ S9CE !Y W]E OP5$ 9 ! SIXTIES4 ,! #a GYMNASIA N[ SCATT]$ OV] ! ,EMPIRE 7OV] #g1 PUPILS71 CORRESPOND TO ! ,HI< ,S*OOLS = ,GIRLS 9 ?IS C\NTRY2 ALL TEA*]S >E1 H[EV]1 GRADUATES ( ! UNIV]SITIES4 

#af ,! ,V]E9 FUR ,V]BREITUNG GEME9NUTSLI*] ,K5NTNISSE1 AL?\< IT HAS ONLY #e1#e MEMB]S1 HAS ALREADY OP5$ MORE ?AN #a1 PUBLIC & S*OOL LIBR>IES1 ORGANIZ$ ?\S&S ( LECTURES1 & PUBLI%$ MO/ VALUABLE BOOKS4 

#ag ,V]Y FEW WRIT]S 9 SOCIOLOGY HAVE PAID ATT5TION TO IT4 ,DR4 ,IH]+ IS ONE ( !M1 & HIS CASE IS V]Y 9/RUCTIVE4 ,:5 ! GREAT ,G]MAN WRIT] ON LAW BEGAN HIS PHILOSOPHICAL WORK1 ,D] ,ZWECK IM ,RE*TE 70,PURPOSE 9 ,LAW071 HE 9T5D$ TO ANALYZE 0! ACTIVE =CES :I* CALL =? ! ADVANCE ( SOCIETY & MA9TA9 IT10 & TO ?US GIVE 0! !ORY ( ! SOCIABLE MAN40 ,HE ANALYZ$1 FIR/1 ! EGOTI/IC =CES AT WORK1 9CLUD+ ! PRES5T WAGE-SY/EM & CO]CION 9 ITS V>IETY ( POLITICAL & SOCIAL LAWS2 & 9 A C>EFULLY WORK$-\T S*EME ( HIS WORK HE 9T5D$ TO GIVE ! LA/ P>AGRAPH TO ! E?ICAL =CES -- ! S5SE ( DUTY & MUTUAL LOVE -- :I* CONTRIBUTE TO ! SAME AIM4 ,:5 HE CAME1 H[EV]1 TO DISCUSS ! SOCIAL FUNCTIONS ( !SE TWO FACTORS1 HE HAD TO WRITE A SECOND VOLUME1 TWICE AS BIG AS ! FIR/2 & YET HE TREAT$ ONLY ( ! P]SONAL FACTORS :I* WILL TAKE 9 ! FOLL[+ PAGES ONLY A FEW L9ES4 ,L4 ,D>GUN TOOK UP ! SAME IDEA 9 ,EGOISMUS UND ,ALTRUISMUS 9 D] ,NATIONALOKONOMIE1 ,LEIPZIG1 #a#h#h#e1 ADD+ SOME NEW FACTS4 ,BU*N]'S ,LOVE1 & ! SEV]AL P>APHRASES ( IT PUBLI%$ H]E & 9 ,G]MANY1 DEAL ) ! SAME SUBJECT4 

#ah ,LI<T & ,%AD[S 9 ! ,LIFE ( AN ,>TISAN4 ,COV5TRY1 #a#h#i#c4 

#ai ,MANY RI* PEOPLE CANNOT UND]/& H[ ! V]Y POOR CAN HELP EA* O!R1 BECAUSE !Y DO NOT REALIZE UPON :AT 9F9ITESIMAL AM\NTS ( FOOD OR MONEY (T5 HANGS ! LIFE ( ONE ( ! POORE/ C,LASSES4 ,LORD ,%AFTESBURY HAD UND]/OOD ?IS T]RIB,LE TRU? :5 HE />T$ HIS ,FL[]S & ,WAT]CRESS ,GIRLS' ,FUND1 \T ( :I* LOANS ( ONE P\ND1 & ONLY OCCASIONALLY TWO P\NDS1 W]E GRANT$1 TO 5ABLE ! GIRLS TO BUY A BASKET & FL[]S :5 ! W9T] SETS 9 & !Y >E 9 DIRE DI/RESS4 ,! LOANS W]E GIV5 TO GIRLS :O HAD 0NOT A SIXP5CE10 BUT NEV] FAIL$ TO F9D SOME O!R POOR TO GO BAIL = !M4 0,( ALL ! MOVEM5TS ,I HAVE EV] BE5 CONNECT$ )10 ,LORD ,%AFTESBURY WROTE1 0,I LOOK UPON ?IS ,WAT]CRESS ,GIRLS' MOVEM5T AS ! MO/ SUCCESSFUL4444 ,IT WAS BEGUN 9 #a#h#g#b1 & WE HAVE HAD \T #h TO #a1 LOANS1 & HAVE NOT LO/ #eL4 DUR+ ! :OLE P]IOD4444 ,:AT HAS BE5 LO/ -- & IT HAS BE5 V]Y LITTLE1 UND] ! CIRCUM/ANCES -- HAS BE5 BY REASON ( DEA? OR SICKNESS1 NOT BY FRAUD0 7,! ,LIFE & ,WORK ( ! ,SEV5? ,E>L ( ,%AFTESBURY1 BY ,$W9 ,HODD]1 VOL4 III4 P4 #c#b#b4 ,LONDON1 #a#h#h#e-#h#f74 ,SEV]AL MORE FACTS 9 PO9T 9 ,*4 ,BOO?'S ,LIFE & ,LABOR 9 ,LONDON1 VOL4 I2 9 ,MISS ,BEATRICE ,POTT]'S 0,PAGES FROM A ,WORK ,GIRL'S ,DI>Y0 7,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY1 ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#h#h1 P4 #c#a72 & SO ON4 

#b ,SAMUEL ,PLIMSOLL1 ,\R ,SEAM51 *EAP $ITION1 ,LONDON1 #a#h#g1 P4 #a#a4 

#ba ,\R ,SEAM51 U4S41 P4 #a#a4 ,MR4 ,PLIMSOLL ADD$3 0,I DON'T WI% TO DISP>AGE ! RI*1 BUT ,I ?9K IT MAY BE REASONABLY D\BT$ :E!R !SE QUALITIES >E SO FULLY DEVELOP$ 9 !M2 =1 NOT)/&+ ?AT NOT A FEW ( !M >E NOT UNACQUA9T$ ) ! CLAIMS1 REASONABLE OR UNREASONABLE1 ( POOR RELATIVES1 !SE QUALITIES >E NOT 9 SU* CON/ANT EX]CISE4 ,RI*ES SEEM 9 SO MANY CASES TO SMO!R ! MANL9ESS ( !IR POSSESSORS1 & !IR SYMPA?IES BECOME1 NOT SO MU* N>R[$ AS -- SO TO SPEAK -- /RATIFI$3 !Y >E RES]V$ = ! SUFF]+S ( !IR [N CLASS1 & ALSO ! WOES ( ?OSE ABOVE !M4 ,!Y SELDOM T5D D[NW>D MU*1 & !Y >E F> MORE LIKELY TO ADMIRE AN ACT ( C\RAGE444 ?AN TO ADMIRE ! CON/ANTLY EX]CIS$ =TITUDE & ! T5D]NESS :I* >E ! DAILY *>ACT]I/ICS ( A ,BRITI% WORKMAN'S LIFE0 -- & ( ! WORKM5 ALL OV] ! WORLD AS WELL4 

#bb ,LIFE ( ! ,SEV5? ,E>L ( ,%AFTESBURY1 BY ,$W9 ,HODD]1 VOL4 I4 PP4 #a#c#g-#a#c#h4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#a1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #h -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#a1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #h -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/