,MOSC[ & ,\RSELVES 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,OTTO ,RUHLE 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,DIE ,AKTION1 ,VOLUME #a1 NO #c#g_/#c#h1 #ah ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#b1 TRANSLAT$ BY ,MIKE ,JONES4 ,PREP>$ = ! ,M>XI/ ,9T]NET ,>*IVE BY ,PAUL ,FLEW]S4 
,I 

,! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL WAS ! ,9T]NATIONAL ( ! AWAK5+4 ,IT HAD TO 
APPEAL TO ! PROLET>IAT ( ! WORLD1 TO >\SE IT2 IT HAD TO ISSUE ! GREAT 
SLOGAN ( SOCIALISM4 ,ITS TASK WAS PROPAG&I/IC4 

,! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL WAS ! ,9T]NATIONAL ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,IT HAD TO 
GA!R1 TO $UCATE ! >\S$ CLASS-CONSCI\S MASSES1 TO PREP>E !M = ! 
REVOLUTION4 ,ITS TASK WAS ORGANIZATIONAL4 

,! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL IS ! ,9T]NATIONAL ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,IT HAS TO SET 
! MASSES 9 MOTION & TO UNLEA% !IR REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY2 IT HAS TO 
UND]TAKE ! WORLD REVOLUTION & E/ABLI% ! PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP4 ,ITS 
TASK IS A REVOLUTION>Y ONE4 

,! ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL WILL BE ! ,9T]NATIONAL ( COMMUNISM4 ,IT HAS TO 
E/ABLI% ! NEW ECONOMY1 ORGANIZE ! NEW SOCIETY1 REALIZE SOCIALISM4 ,IT HAS 
TO DISMANTLE ! DICTATOR%IP1 DISSOLVE ! /ATE1 & CREATE ! SOCIETY 
)\T RUL]S - F9ALLY FREE4 ,ITS TASK IS ! ACCOMPLI%M5T ( ! 
COMMUNI/ IDEA4 

,I,I 

,! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL CALL$ ITSELF COMMUNI/4 ,IT WANTS TO BE MORE ?AN IT 
CAN BE4 ,IT IS ! REVOLUTION>Y ONE1 NO MORE & NO LESS4 ,IT !REBY /&S ON 
! HI<E/ LEVEL ( ! ,9T]NATIONALS SO F>1 & FULFILLS ! HI<E/ TASK 
NE$+ TO BE ACCOMPLI%$1 & :I* IT IS POSSIBLE TO ACCOMPLI%1 TODAY4 

,ONE C\LD CALL IT ! ,RUSSIAN ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,ITS F\NDATION EMANAT$ FROM 
,RUSSIA4 ,IT HAS ITS SEAT 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,IT IS RUL$ OV] FROM ,RUSSIA4 ,ITS BRA9 IS 
:OLLY ! BRA9 ( ! BRA9S ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ 
,P>TY4 

,= ?AT REASON1 H[EV]1 IT C]TA9LY CANNOT BE ! ,COMMUNI/ 
,9T]NATIONAL4 

,:AT ATTRACTS ! GAZES ( ! WORLD T[>DS ,RUSSIA - GAZES ( HORROR 
& ( ADMIRATION - IS NOT YET COMMUNISM4 ,IT IS ! REVOLUTION1 ! CLASS 
/RUGGLE ( ! PROLET>IAT AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE CONDUCT$ ) UNPREC$5T$ 
DET]M9ATION1 H]OISM & CONSI/5CY2 IT IS ! DICTATOR%IP4 

,RUSSIA IS /ILL F>1 MILES AWAY1 FROM COMMUNISM4 ,RUSSIA1 ! FIR/ C\NTRY TO 
UND]GO ! REVOLUTION & TO FI<T IT ?R\< VICTORI\SLY1 WILL BE ! LA/ 
C\NTRY TO >RIVE AT COMMUNISM4 

,NO1 NO - ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL IS NO ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,I,I,I 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 ,RUSSIA CAME TO P[] NOT SO MU* ?R\< ! REVOLUTION>Y 
/RUGGLE = ! SOCIALI/ IDEA1 BUT RA!R ?R\< A PACIFI/ C\P4 ,!Y 
PROMIS$ ! PEOPLE PEACE4 ,& L& TO ! PEASANTS - PRIVATE PROP]TY4 
,?US BR++ ALL ! PEOPLE BEH9D !M4 ,& ! C\P SUCCE$$4 

,!Y SKIPP$ A :OLE ]A1 ! P]IOD ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 ,FROM 
FEUDALISM1 :OSE COLLAPSE BEGAN 9 #a#i#e1 :I* ! W> HAD ACCEL]AT$ & 
COMPLET$1 !Y *ANG$ ) AN AMAZ+ SOM]SAULT 9TO SOCIALISM4 ,FEW IMAG9$ 
?AT ! POLITICAL SEIZURE ( P[] BY SOCIALI/S IS SUFFICI5T TO OP5 UP A 
SOCIALI/ ]A4 

,:AT MU/ SL[LY DEVELOP & MATURE AS ! PRODUCT ( AN ORGANIC DEVELOPM5T1 
!Y BELIEV$ !MSELVES ABLE TO COMPLETE BY CON/RUCTION4 ,REVOLUTION & 
SOCIALISM W]E = !M PRIM>ILY A POLITICAL AFFAIR4 ,H[ C\LD SU* ADMIRABLE 
,M>XI/S EV] =GET ?AT !Y >E PRIM>ILY AN ECONOMIC AFFAIR8 

,! MO/ MATURE CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 ! MO/ DEVELOP$ TE*NOLOGY1 ! 
MO/ $UCAT$ LABOR =CE1 ! MO/ ABUNDANT PRODUCTIVE YIELD - JU/ TO 
M5TION !SE - >E 9DISP5SABLE PRECONDITIONS ( ! SOCIALI/ ECONOMY 
& !REBY ( SOCIALISM AT ALL4 

,:]E W]E !SE PRECONDITIONS TO BE F\ND 9 ,RUSSIA8 ,A QUICK] COMPLETION ( 
! WORLD REVOLUTION WILL BE ABLE TO PROVIDE :AT IS LACK+4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS 
HAVE DONE EV]Y?+ TO BR+ IT AB\T4 ,BUT SO F> IT HAS /AY$ AWAY4 

,A VACUUM RESULT$4 ,A POLITICAL SOCIALISM )\T AN ECONOMIC BASIS4 ,A 
!ORETICAL CON/RUCTION4 ,A BUREAUCRATIC PILE ( REGULATIONS4 ,A COLLECTION ( 
PAP] DECREES4 ,AN AGITATIONAL PHRASE4 ,& A T]RIBLE DISAPPO9TM5T4 ,RUSSIAN 
COMMUNISM IS SUSP5D$ 9 ! AIR4 ,& IT WILL HANG !RE UNTIL ! WORLD 
REVOLUTION 9 ! MO/ DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES1 ! MO/ MATURE = SOCIALISM1 HAVE 
CREAT$ ! CONDITIONS = ITS REALIZATION4 

,I,V 

,! REVOLUTION>Y AVALAN*E IS ON ! MOVE4 ,IT HAS COME TO A HALT OV] 
,G]MANY4 ,SOON IT WILL HAVE REA*$ O!R C\NTRIES4 

,9 EA* C\NTRY IT MEETS DIFF]5T ECONOMIC CONDITIONS4 ,ANO!R SOCIAL 
/RUCTURE4 ,O!R TRADITIONS4 ,O!R IDEOLOGIES4 ,! LEVEL ( ! POLITICAL 
DEVELOPM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT IS DIFF]5T 9 EA* C\NTRY2 ITS RELATION%IP TO 
! B\RGEOISIE1 TO ! PEASANTS1 IS DIFF]5T2 !RE=E ITS ME?ODS ( CLASS 
/RUGGLE >E ALSO DIFF]5T4 ,9 EA* C\NTRY ! REVOLUTION ASSUMES ITS [N 
FACE4 ,CREATES ITS [N =MS4 ,DEVELOPS ITS [N LAWS4 

,H[EV] MU* ! REVOLUTION DEVELOPS 9TO ! 9T]NATIONAL AFFAIR1 IT IS 
ABOVE ALL AN AFFAIR ( EA* C\NTRY1 ( EA* PEOPLE = ITSELF4 ,?\< ! 
REVOLUTION>Y EXP]I5CES ( ,RUSSIA MAY BE VALUABLE TO ! PROLET>IAT ( A 
C\NTRY1 AS ?ANKFUL AS IT WILL BE = FRAT]NAL ADVICE & NEI<BORLY HELP 
- ! REVOLUTION ITSELF IS ITS [N AFFAIR2 IT MU/ BE 9DEP5D5T 9 ! 
/RUGGLES1 FREE 9 ITS DECISIONS1 & UNBIAS$ & UNIMP$$ 9 ITS EVALUATION 
& EXPLOITATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION4 

,! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION IS NOT ! ,G]MAN REVOLUTION1 IS NOT ! WORLD 
REVOLUTION4 

,V 

,9 ,MOSC[ !Y HAVE ANO!R OP9ION4 ,!RE !Y HAVE ! /&>D 
REVOLUTION>Y S*EMA4 ,! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION SUPPOS$LY TOOK PLACE ACCORD+ TO 
?IS S*EMA4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS UND]TOOK !IR /RUGGLES ACCORD+ TO ?IS 
S*EMA4 

,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! REVOLUTION 9 ! RE/ ( ! WORLD ALSO HAS TO DEVELOP 
ACCORD+ TO ?IS S*EMA4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! P>TIES ( ! RE/ ( ! WORLD 
HAVE TO CONDUCT !IR /RUGGLE ACCORD+ TO ?IS S*EMA4 ,NO?+ IS EASI] & 
SIMPL] ?AN ?IS4 

,H]E WE HAVE A REVOLUTION444 !RE WE HAVE A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY - :AT 
IS TO BE DONE8 ,WE TAKE ! /&>D REVOLUTION>Y S*EMA 7,L59'S PAT5T7 
\T ( ! POCKET1 APPLY IT444 ,HURRAH6 ,IT WORKS - & BANG6 ,! REVOLUTION 
IS WON6 

,& :AT DOES ?IS WOND]FUL /&>D S*EMA LOOK LIKE8 ',! REVOLUTION 
IS A P>TY AFFAIR4 ,! DICTATOR%IP IS A P>TY AFFAIR4 ,SOCIALISM IS A P>TY 
AFFAIR4' 

,& 9 ADDITION3 ',P>TY IS DISCIPL9E4 ,P>TY IS IRON DISCIPL9E4 ,P>TY 
IS LEAD]%IP4 ,P>TY IS ! /RICTE/ C5TRALISM4 ,P>TY IS MILIT>ISM4 ,P>TY IS 
! MO/ /RICT1 MO/ IRON1 MO/ ABSOLUTE MILIT>ISM4' 

,CONCRETELY =MULAT$1 ?IS S*EMA MEANS3 ,ABOVE ! LEAD]S2 BEL[ ! 
MASSES4 ,ABOVE3 ,AU?ORITY4 ,BUREAUCRATISM4 ,P]SONALITY CULT4 ,LEAD] DICTATOR%IP4 
,P[] ( COMM&4 ,BEL[3 ,SLAVI% OB$I5CE4 ,SUBORD9ATION4 ,/& AT ATT5TION4 ,A 
MULTIPLE BOSS ORD]4 

,A ,K,P,D ,Z5TRALE 9 ! SUP]LATIVE4 

,V,I 

,!RE IS NO POSSIBILITY ( REALIZ+ = A SECOND TIME 9 ,G]MANY ! 
,LUD5DORFF SY/EM1 .<#a.> EV5 W]E IT 
TO BE 9 ! UNI=M ( ,BOL%EVISM4 

,! ,RUSSIAN ME?ODS ( REVOLUTION & SOCIALISM IS \T ( ! QUE/ION = 
,G]MANY1 = ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT4 

,WE OPPOSE !M4 ,ABSOLUTELY4 ,CATEGORICALLY4 ,!Y W\LD BE A CALAMITY4 ,MORE 
?AN ?IS1 !Y W\LD BE A CRIME4 ,!Y W\LD LEAD TO RU94 

,!RE=E WE WANT - >E ABLE - \<T TO HAVE NO?+ 9 COMMON 
) AN ,9T]NATIONAL :I* AIMS TO IMPOSE1 9DE$ =CE1 ! ,RUSSIAN ME?ODS 
UPON ! PROLET>IAT ( ! WORLD4 

,WE MU/ PRES]VE \R COMPLETE FRE$OM & 9DEP5D5CE4 

,! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT WILL MAKE ITS ,G]MAN REVOLUTION1 LIKE ! ,RUSSIAN 
PROLET>IAT HAS MADE ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,IT HAS >RIV$ LAT] AT ! 
REVOLUTION4 ,IT HAS TO /RUGGLE H>D]4 ,BECAUSE ( ?AT IT WILL >RIVE E>LI] 
& MORE SURELY AT COMMUNISM4 

,NOTES 

#a4 ,AN ALLUSION 
TO ! /RICT =M ( /ATE MOBILIZATION ( SOCIETY 9 ,G]MANY DUR+ ! ,FIR/ 
,WORLD ,W>1 PRESID$ OV] BY ,G5]AL ,]I* VON ,LUD5DORFF4 ,IT WAS (T5 KN[N AS 
',W> ,SOCIALISM' - ,M,I,A4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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