,P>T #f3 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,SECTION #e 

#ahiiahii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,G>Y ,WATTS1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,TWO CONGRESSES W]E HELD 9 ! AUTUMN ( #ahgg 9 ,BELGIUM3 ONE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION AT ,V]VI]S1 & ! O!R AN 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALI/ CONGRESS AT ,<5T4 ,! LATT] WAS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT1 AS IT WAS KN[N ?AT AN ATTEMPT W\LD BE MADE BY ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS TO BR+ ALL ! LABOR MOVEM5T ( ,EUROPE UND] ONE ORGANIZATION1 SUBJECT TO A C5TRAL COMMITTEE1 :I* W\LD BE ! OLD G5]AL C\NCIL ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL UND] A NEW NAME4 ,IT WAS !RE=E NECESS>Y TO PRES]VE ! AUTONOMY ( ! LABOR ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! ,LAT9 C\NTRIES1 & WE DID \R BE/ TO BE WELL REPRES5T$ AT ?IS CONGRESS4 ,I W5T UND] ! NAME ( ,LEVA%(F2 TWO ,G]MANS1 ! COMPOSITOR ,W]N] & ! 5G9E] ,R9KE1 WALK$ NE>LY ALL ! DI/ANCE FROM ,BASEL TO ,BELGIUM2 & AL?\< WE W]E ONLY N9E AN>*I/S AT ,<5T1 WE SUCCE$$ 9 *ECK+ ! C5TRALIZATION S*EME4 

,TW5TY-TWO YE>S HAVE PASS$ S9CE2 A NUMB] ( 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALI/ CONGRESSES HAVE BE5 HELD1 & AT EV]Y ONE ( !M ! SAME /RUGGLE HAS BE5 R5EW$1--! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS TRY+ TO 5LI/ ALL ! LABOR MOVEM5T ( ,EUROPE UND] !IR BANN] & TO BR+ IT UND] !IR CONTROL1 & ! AN>*I/S OPPOS+ & PREV5T+ IT4 ,:AT AN AM\NT ( WA/$ =CE1 ( BITT] WORDS EX*ANG$ & EF=TS DIVID$1 SIMPLY BECAUSE ?OSE :O HAVE ADOPT$ ! =MULA ( 0 CONQUE/ ( P[] )9 ! EXI/+ /ATES 0 DO NOT UND]/& ?AT ACTIVITY 9 ?IS DIRECTION CANNOT EMBODY ALL ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T6 ,FROM ! \TSET SOCIALISM TOOK ?REE 9DEP5D5T L9ES ( DEVELOPM5T1 :I* F\ND !IR EXPRESSION 9 ,SA9T-,SIMON1 ,F\RI]1 & ,ROB]T ,[54 ,SA9T-,SIMONISM HAS DEVELOP$ 9TO SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 & ,F\RI]ISM 9TO AN>*ISM2 :ILE ,[5ISM IS DEVELOP+1 9 ,5GL& & ,AM]ICA1 9TO TRADE-UNIONISM1 COOP]ATION1 & ! SO-CALL$ MUNICIPAL SOCIALISM1 & REMA9S HO/ILE TO SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC /ATE SOCIALISM1 :ILE IT HAS MANY PO9TS ( CONTACT ) AN>*ISM4 ,BUT BECAUSE ( FAILURE TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ! ?REE MOVE T[>D A COMMON GOAL 9 ?REE DIFF]5T WAYS1 & ?AT ! TWO LATT] BR+ !IR [N PRECI\S CONTRIBUTION TO HUMAN PROGRESS1 A QU>T] ( A C5TURY HAS BE5 GIV5 TO 5DEAVORS TO REALIZE ! UNREALIZABLE ,UTOPIA ( A UNIQUE LABOR MOVEM5T ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PATT]N4 

,! ,<5T CONGRESS 5D$ = ME 9 AN UNEXPECT$ WAY4 ,?REE OR F\R DAYS AFT] IT HAD BEGUN1 ! ,BELGIAN POLICE LE>N$ :O ,LEVA%(F WAS1 & RECEIV$ ! ORD] TO >RE/ ME = A BREA* ( POLICE REGULATIONS :I* ,I HAD COMMITT$ 9 GIV+ AT ! HOTEL AN ASSUM$ NAME4 ,MY ,BELGIAN FRI5DS W>N$ ME4 ,!Y MA9TA9$ ?AT ! CL]ICAL M9I/RY :I* WAS 9 P[] WAS CAPABLE ( GIV+ ME UP TO ,RUSSIA1 & 9SI/$ UPON MY LEAV+ ! CONGRESS AT ONCE4 ,!Y W\LD NOT LET ME RETURN TO ! HOTEL4 ,GUILLAUME B>R$ ! WAY1 TELL+ ME ?AT ,I %\LD HAVE TO USE =CE AGA9/ HIM IF ,I 9SI/$ UPON RETURN+ ?I!R4 ,I HAD TO GO ) SOME ,<5T COMRADES1 & AS SOON AS ,I JO9$ !M1 MUFFL$ CALLS & :I/L+ CAME FROM ALL CORN]S ( A D>K SQU>E OV] :I* GR\PS ( WORK]S W]E SCATT]$4 ,IT ALL LOOK$ V]Y MY/]I\S4 ,AT LA/1 AFT] MU* :ISP]+ & SUBDU$ :I/L+1 A GR\P ( COMRADES TOOK ME UND] ESCORT TO A SOCIAL DEMOCRAT WORK]1 ) :OM ,I HAD TO SP5D ! NI<T1 & :O RECEIV$ ME1 AN>*I/ ?\< ,I WAS1 9 ! MO/ T\*+ WAY AS A BRO!R4 ,NEXT MORN+ ,I LEFT ONCE MORE = ,5GL&1 ON BO>D A /EAM]1 PROVOK+ A NUMB] ( GOOD-NATUR$ SMILES FROM ! ,BRITI% CU/OM-H\SE (FIC]S1 :O WANT$ ME TO %[ !M MY LUGGAGE1 :ILE ,I HAD NO?+ TO %[ BUT A SMALL H& BAG4 

,I DID NOT /AY LONG 9 ,LONDON4 ,9 ! ADMIRABLE COLLECTIONS ( ! ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM ,I /UDI$ ! BEG9N+S ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1--H[ REVOLUTIONS COME TO BREAK \T1--BUT ,I WANT$ MORE ACTIVITY1 & SOON W5T TO ,P>IS4 ,A REVIVAL ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T WAS BEG9N+ !RE1 AFT] ! RIGID SUPPRESSION ( ! ,COMMUNE4 ,) ! ,ITALIAN ,CO/A & ! FEW AN>*I/ FRI5DS WE HAD AMONG ! ,P>IS WORK]S1 & ) ,JULES ,GUESDE & HIS COLLEAGUES1 :O W]E NOT /RICT SOCIAL DEMOCRATS AT ?AT TIME1 WE />T$ ! FIR/ SOCIALI/ GR\PS4 

,\R BEG9N+S W]E RIDICUL\SLY SMALL4 ,HALF A DOZ5 ( US US$ TO MEET 9 CAFES1 & :5 WE HAD AN AUDI5CE ( A HUNDR$ P]SONS AT A MEET+ WE FELT HAPPY4 ,NO ONE W\LD HAVE GUESS$ !N ?AT TWO YE>S LAT] ! MOVEM5T W\LD BE 9 FULL SW+4 ,BUT ,FRANCE HAS ITS [N WAYS ( DEVELOPM5T4 ,:5 A REACTION HAS GA9$ ! UPP] H&1 ALL VISIBLE TRACES ( A MOVEM5T DISAPPE>4 ,?OSE :O FI<T AGA9/ ! CURR5T >E FEW4 ,BUT 9 SOME MY/]I\S WAY1 BY A SORT ( 9VISIBLE 9FILTRATION ( IDEAS1 ! REACTION IS UND]M9$2 A NEW CURR5T SETS 91 & !N IT APPE>S1 ALL ( A SUDD51 ?AT ! IDEA :I* WAS ?\<T TO BE DEAD WAS !RE ALIVE1 SPREAD+ & GR[+ ALL ! TIME2 & AS SOON AS PUBLIC AGITATION BECOMES POSSIBLE1 ?\S&S ( ADH]5TS1 :OSE EXI/5CE NOBODY SUSPECT$1 COME TO ! FRONT4 0,!RE >E AT ,P>IS10 OLD ,BLANQUI US$ TO SAY1 0FIFTY ?\S& M5 :O NEV] COME TO A MEET+ OR TO A DEMON/RATION2 BUT ! MOM5T !Y FEEL ?AT ! PEOPLE CAN APPE> 9 ! /REETS TO MANIFE/ !IR OP9ION1 !Y >E !RE TO /ORM ! POSITION40 ,SO IT WAS !N4 ,!RE W]E NOT TW5TY ( US TO C>RY ON ! MOVEM5T1 NOT TWO HUNDR$ OP5LY TO SUPPORT IT4 ,AT ! FIR/ COMMEMORATION ( ! ,COMMUNE1 9 ,M>*1 #a#h#g#h1 WE SURELY W]E NOT TWO HUNDR$4 ,BUT TWO YE>S LAT] ! AMNE/Y = ! ,COMMUNE WAS VOT$1 & ! WORK+ POPULATION ( ,P>IS WAS 9 ! /REETS TO GREET ! RETURN+ ,COMMUN>DS2 IT FLOCK$ BY ! ?\S& TO *E] !M AT ! MEET+S1 & ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T TOOK A SUDD5 EXPANSION1 C>RY+ ) IT ! RADICALS4 

,! TIME HAD NOT YET COME = ?AT REVIVAL1 H[EV]1 & ONE NI<T 9 ,APRIL1 #a#h#g#h1 ,CO/A & A ,FR5* COMRADE W]E >RE/$4 ,A POLICE C\RT CONDEMN$ !M TO IMPRISONM5T = EI<TE5 MON?S AS ,9T]NATIONALI/S4 ,I ESCAP$ >RE/ ONLY BY MI/AKE4 ,! POLICE WANT$ ,LEVA%(F1 & W5T TO >RE/ A ,RUSSIAN /UD5T :OSE NAME S\ND$ V]Y MU* LIKE ?AT4 ,I HAD GIV5 MY REAL NAME1 & CONT9U$ TO /AY AT ,P>IS UND] ?AT NAME = ANO!R MON?4 ,!N ,I WAS CALL$ TO ,SWITZ]L&4 

7,S\RCE3 ,MEMOIRS ( A ,REVOLUTIONI/1 ,FIR/ ,$ITION1 ,H\<TON ,MIFFL9 ,COMPANY1 ,BO/ON & ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#h#i#i47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahih 3 ,P>T #f3 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,SECTION #e -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#a1 #bag 3 ,P>T #f3 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,SECTION #e -- ,ADD$4 

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