,P>T #d3 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG2 ,FIR/ ,J\RNEY TO ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,SECTION #b 

#ahiiahii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,N$KO ,IVANOV1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,AT ! SAME TIME ,I WORK$ A GREAT DEAL = ! ,RUSSIAN ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY 9 MY CAPACITY ( SECRET>Y TO ITS SECTION ( PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY4 

,GREAT 9T]E/ WAS TAK5 !N 9 ! EXPLORATION ( ,TURKE/AN & ! ,PAMIRS4 ,SYEV]TS(F HAD JU/ RETURN$ AFT] SEV]AL YE>S ( TRAVEL4 ,A GREAT ZOOLOGI/1 A GIFT$ GEOGRAPH]1 & ONE ( ! MO/ 9TELLIG5T M5 ,I EV] CAME ACROSS1 HE1 LIKE SO MANY ,RUSSIANS1 DISLIK$ WRIT+4 ,:5 HE HAD MADE AN ORAL COMMUNICATION AT A MEET+ ( ! SOCIETY1 HE C\LD NOT BE 9DUC$ TO WRITE ANY?+ BEYOND REVIS+ ! REPORTS ( HIS COMMUNICATION1 SO ?AT ALL ?AT HAS BE5 PUBLI%$ OV] HIS SIGNATURE IS V]Y F> FROM DO+ FULL JU/ICE TO ! REAL VALUE ( ! OBS]VATIONS & ! G5]ALIZATIONS HE HAD MADE4 ,?IS RELUCTANCE TO PUT D[N 9 WRIT+ ! RESULTS ( ?\<T & OBS]VATION IS UN=TUNATELY NOT UNCOMMON 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,! REM>KS ON ! OROGRAPHY ( ,TURKE/AN1 ON ! GEOGRAPHICAL DI/RIBUTION ( PLANTS & ANIMALS1 ON ! P>T PLAY$ BY HYBRIDS 9 ! PRODUCTION ( NEW SPECIES ( BIRDS1 & SO ON1 :I* ,I HAVE HE>D ,SYEV]TS(F MAKE1 & ! OBS]VATIONS ON ! IMPORTANCE ( MUTUAL SUPPORT 9 ! PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPM5T ( SPECIES :I* ,I HAVE F\ND JU/ M5TION$ 9 A C\PLE ( L9ES 9 SOME REPORT ( A MEET+1--!SE BORE ! /AMP ( MORE ?AN ORD9>Y TAL5T & ORIG9ALITY2 BUT HE DID NOT POSSESS ! EXUB]ANT =CE ( EXPOSITION 9 AN APPROPRIATELY BEAUTIFUL =M :I* MI<T HAVE MADE ( HIM ONE ( ! MO/ PROM95T M5 ( SCI5CE ( \R TIME4 

,MIKL@&UACUTEKHO-,MAKLAY WELL KN[N 9 ,AU/RALIA1 :I* T[>DS ! 5D ( HIS LIFE BECAME ! C\NTRY ( HIS ADOPTION1 BELONG$ TO ! SAME ORD] ( M53 ! M5 :O HAVE HAD SO MU* MORE TO SAY ?AN !Y HAVE SAID 9 PR9T4 ,HE WAS A T9Y1 N]V\S MAN1 ALWAYS SUFF]+ FROM MAL>IA1 :O HAD JU/ RETURN$ FROM ! COA/S ( ! ,R$ ,SEA :5 ,I MADE HIS ACQUA9TANCE4 ,A FOLL[] ( ,HAECKEL1 HE HAD WORK$ A GREAT DEAL UPON ! M>9E 9V]TEBRATES 9 !IR NATURAL SURR\ND+S4 ,! ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY MANAG$ NEXT TO GET HIM TAK5 ON BO>D A ,RUSSIAN MAN-(-W> TO SOME UNKN[N P>T ( ! COA/ ( ,NEW ,GU9EA1 :]E HE WANT$ TO /UDY ! MO/ PRIMITIVE SAVAGES4 ,ACCOMPANI$ BY ONE SAILOR ONLY1 HE WAS LEFT ON ?IS 9HOSPITABLE %ORE1 ! 9HABITANTS ( :I* HAD ! REPUTATION ( T]RIBLE CANNIBALS4 ,A HUT WAS BUILT = ! TWO ,CRUSOES1 & !Y LIV$ EI<TE5 MON?S OR MORE NE> A NATIVE VILLAGE ON EXCELL5T T]MS ) ! NATIVES4 ,ALWAYS TO BE /RAI<T=W>D T[>DS !M1 & NEV] TO DECEIVE !M1-NOT EV5 9 ! MO/ TRIFL+ MATT]S1 NOT EV5 = SCI5TIFIC PURPOSES1-WAS ! PO9T ON :I* HE WAS MO/ SCRUPUL\S4 ,:5 HE WAS TRAVEL+ SOME TIME LAT] 9 ! ,MALAYAN >*IPELAGO1 HE HAD ) HIM A NATIVE :O HAD 5T]$ 9TO HIS S]VICE ON ! EXPRESS CONDITION ( NEV] BE+ PHOTOGRAPH$4 ,! NATIVES1 AS EV]Y ONE KN[S1 CONSID] ?AT SOME?+ IS TAK5 \T ( !M :5 !IR LIK5ESS IS TAK5 BY PHOTOGRAPHY4 ,ONE DAY :5 ! NATIVE WAS FA/ ASLEEP1 ,MAKLAY1 :O WAS COLLECT+ AN?ROPOLOGICAL MAT]IALS1 CONFESS$ ?AT HE WAS AWFULLY TEMPT$ TO PHOTOGRAPH HIS NATIVE1 ! MORE SO AS HE WAS A TYPICAL REPRES5TATIVE ( HIS TRIBE & W\LD NEV] HAVE KN[N ?AT HE HAD BE5 PHOTOGRAPH$4 ,BUT HE REMEMB]$ HIS AGREEM5T & REFRA9$4 ,:5 HE LEFT ,NEW ,GU9EA1 ! NATIVES MADE HIM PROMISE TO RETURN2 & A FEW YE>S LAT]1 AL?\< HE WAS SEV]ELY ILL1 HE KEPT HIS WORD & DID RETURN4 ,?IS REM>KABLE MAN HAS1 H[EV]1 PUBLI%$ ONLY AN 9F9ITESIMAL P>T ( ! TRULY 9VALUABLE OBS]VATIONS HE MADE4 

,F$*5KO11 :O HAD MADE EXT5SIVE ZOOLOGICAL OBS]VATIONS 9 ,TURKE/AN1--9 COMPANY ) HIS WIFE1 ,OLGA ,F$*5KO1 ALSO A NATURALI/1--WAS1 AS WE US$ TO SAY1 A 0,WE/ ,EUROPEAN40 ,HE WORK$ H>D TO BR+ \T 9 AN ELABORAT$ =M ! RESULTS ( HIS OBS]VATIONS2 BUT HE WAS1 UN=TUNATELY1 KILL$ 9 CLIMB+ A M\NTA9 9 ,SWITZ]L&4 ,GL[+ ) Y\?FUL >DOR AFT] HIS J\RNEYS 9 ! ,TURKE/AN HI<L&S1 & FULL ( CONFID5CE 9 HIS [N P[]S1 HE UND]TOOK AN ASC5T )\T PROP] GUIDES1 & P]I%$ 9 A SN[/ORM4 ,HIS WIFE1 HAPPILY1 COMPLET$ ! PUBLICATION ( HIS 0,TRAVELS0 AFT] HIS DEA?1 & ,I BELIEVE %E HAS N[ A SON :O CONT9UES ! WORK ( HIS FA!R & MO!R4 

,I ALSO SAW A GREAT DEAL ( ,PRJEVALSKY1 OR RA!R ,PRZEWALSKI1 AS HIS ,POLI% NAME \<T TO BE SPELL$1 AL?\< HE HIMSELF PREF]R$ TO APPE> AS A 0,RUSSIAN PATRIOT40 ,HE WAS A PASSIONATE HUNT]1 & ! 5?USIASM ) :I* HE MADE HIS EXPLORATIONS ( ,C5TRAL ,ASIA WAS ALMO/ AS MU* ! RESULT ( HIS DESIRE TO HUNT ALL SORTS ( DIFFICULT GAME1-BUCKS1 WILD CAMELS1 WILD HORSES1 & SO ON1 AS ( HIS DESIRE TO DISCOV] L&S1 NEW & DIFFICULT TO APPROA*4 ,:5 HE WAS 9DUC$ TO SPEAK ( HIS DISCOV]IES1 HE W\LD SOON 9T]RUPT HIS MODE/ DESCRIPTIONS ) AN 5?USIA/IC EXCLAMATION3 0,BUT :AT GAME !RE6 ,:AT HUNT+60 ,& HE W\LD DESCRIBE 5?USIA/ICALLY H[ HE CREPT SU* & SU* A DI/ANCE TO APPROA* A WILD HORSE )9 %OOT+ RANGE4 ,NO SOON] WAS HE BACK AT ,/4 ,PET]SBURG ?AN HE PLANN$ A NEW EXP$ITION1 & P>SIMONI\SLY LAY+ ASIDE ALL HIS MONEY1 TRI$ TO 9CREASE IT BY /OCK EX*ANGE OP]ATIONS = ?AT PURPOSE4 ,HE WAS ! TYPE ( A TRAVEL] 9 HIS /RONG PHYSIQUE1 & 9 HIS4 CAPACITY = LIV+ = YE>S ! R\< LIFE ( A M\NTA9 HUNT]4 ,HE DELI<T$ 9 LEAD+ SU* A LIFE4 ,HE MADE HIS FIR/ J\RNEY ) ONLY ?REE COMRADES1 & ALWAYS KEPT ON EXCELL5T T]MS ) ! NATIVES4 ,H[EV]1 AS HIS SUBSEQU5T EXP$ITIONS TOOK ON MORE ( A MILIT>Y *>ACT]1 HE BEGAN UN=TUNATELY TO RELY MORE UPON ! =CE ( HIS >M$ ESCORT ?AN UPON PEACEFUL 9T]C\RSE ) ! NATIVES1 & ,I HE>D IT SAID 9 WELL-9=M$ QU>T]S ?AT EV5 IF HE HAD NOT DI$ AT ! V]Y />T ( HIS ,TIBET EXP$ITION1-- ADMIRABLY & PEACEFULLY CONDUCT$ AFT] HIS DEA? BY HIS COMPANIONS1 ,PYEVTS(F1 ,ROBOROVSKY1 & ,KOZL(F1 -HE V]Y PROBABLY W\LD NOT HAVE RETURN$ ALIVE4 

,!RE WAS CONSID]ABLE ACTIVITY AT ?AT TIME 9 ! ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY1 & MANY W]E ! GEOGRAPHICAL QUE/IONS 9 :I* \R SECTION1 & CONSEQU5TLY ITS SECRET>Y1 TOOK A LIVELY 9T]E/4 ,MO/ ( !M W]E TOO TE*NICAL TO BE M5TION$ 9 ?IS PLACE1 BUT ,I MU/ ALLUDE TO ! AWAK5+ ( 9T]E/ 9 ! ,RUSSIAN SETTLEM5TS1 ! FI%]IES1 & ! TRADE 9 ! ,RUSSIAN PORTION ( ! ,>CTIC ,OCEAN1 :I* TOOK PLACE 9 !SE YE>S4 ,A ,SIB]IAN M]*ANT & GOLD M9]1 ,SIDOR(F1 MADE ! MO/ P]SEV]+ EF=TS TO AWAK5 ?AT 9T]E/4 ,HE =ESAW ?AT ) A LITTLE AID 9 ! %APE ( NAVAL S*OOLS1 ! EXPLORATION ( ! ,:ITE ,SEA1 & SO ON1 ! ,RUSSIAN FI%]IES & ,RUSSIAN NAVIGATION C\LD BE L>GELY DEVELOP$4 ,BUT ?AT LITTLE1 UN=TUNATELY1 HAD TO BE DONE 5TIRELY ?R\< ,/4 ,PET]SBURG2 & ! RUL+ P[]S ( ?AT C\RTLY1 BUREAUCRATIC1 LIT]>Y1 >TI/IC1 & COSMOPOLITAN CITY C\LD NOT BE MOV$ TO TAKE AN 9T]E/ 9 ANY?+ PROV9CIAL4 ,POOR ,SIDOR(F WAS SIMPLY RIDICUL$ = HIS EF=TS4 ,9T]E/ 9 \R F> NOR? HAD TO BE 5=C$ UPON ! ,RUSSIAN ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY FROM ABROAD4 

,9 ! YE>S #a#h#f#i-#g#a ! BOLD ,NORWEGIAN SEAL-HUNT]S HAD QUITE UNEXPECT$LY OP5$ ! ,K>A ,SEA TO NAVIGATION4 ,TO \R EXTREME A/ONI%M5T1 WE LE>N$ ONE DAY AT ! SOCIETY ?AT ?AT SEA1 :I* LIES BETWE5 ! ISL& ( ,KOVAYA ,ZEMLYA & ! ,SIB]IAN COA/1 & :I* WE US$ CONFID5TLY TO DESCRIBE 9 \R WRIT+S AS 0AN ICE CELL> P]MAN5TLY /OCK$ ) ICE10 HAD BE5 5T]$ BY A NUMB] ( SMALL ,NORWEGIAN S*OON]S & CROSS$ BY !M 9 ALL DIRECTIONS4 ,EV5 ! W9T]+ PLACE ( ! FAM\S ,DUT*MAN ,B>5TZ1 :I* WE BELIEV$ TO BE CONCEAL$ =EV] FROM ! EYES ( MAN BY ICE FIELDS HUNDR$S ( YE>S OLD1 HAD BE5 VISIT$ BY !SE ADV5TUR\S ,NORSEM54 

0,EXCEPTIONAL SEASONS & AN EXCEPTIONAL /ATE ( ! ICE0 WAS :AT \R OLD NAVIGATORS SAID4 ,BUT TO A FEW ( US IT WAS QUITE EVID5T ?AT1 ) !IR SMALL S*OON]S & !IR SMALL CREWS1 ! BOLD ,NORWEGIAN HUNT]S1 :O FEEL AT HOME AMID ! ICE1 HAD V5TUR$ TO PI]CE ! FLOAT+ ICE :I* USUALLY B>S ! WAY TO ! ,K>A ,SEA1 :ILE ! COMM&]S ( GOV]NM5T %IPS1 HAMP]$ BY ! RESPONSIBILITIES ( ! NAVAL S]VICE1 HAD NEV] RISK$ DO+ SO4 

,A G5]AL 9T]E/ 9 >CTIC EXPLORATION WAS AWAK5$ BY !SE DISCOV]IES4 ,9 FACT1 IT WAS ! SEAL-HUNT]S :O OP5$ ! NEW ]A ( >CTIC 5?USIASM :I* CULM9AT$ 9 ,NORD5SKJOLD'S CIRCUMNAVIGATION ( ,ASIA1 9 ! P]MAN5T E/ABLI%M5T ( ! NOR!A/]N PASSAGE TO ,SIB]IA1 9 ,PE>Y'S DISCOV]Y ( ,NOR? ,GRE5L&1 & 9 ,NANS5'S ,FRAM EXP$ITION4 ,\R ,RUSSIAN ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY ALSO BEGAN TO MOVE1 & A COMMITTEE WAS APPO9T$ TO PREP>E ! S*EME ( A ,RUSSIAN >CTIC EXP$ITION1 & TO 9DICATE ! SCI5TIFIC WORK ?AT C\LD BE DONE BY IT4 ,SPECIALI/S UND]TOOK TO WRITE EA* ( ! SPECIAL SCI5TIFIC *APT]S ( ?IS REPORT2 BUT1 AS (T5 HAPP5S1 A FEW *APT]S ONLY1 ON BOTANY1 GEOLOGY1 & METEOROLOGY1 W]E READY 9 TIME1 & ! SECRET>Y ( ! COMMITTEE-?AT IS1 MYSELF-HAD TO WRITE ! REMA9D]4 ,SEV]AL SUBJECTS1 SU* AS M>9E ZOOLOGY1 ! TIDES1 P5DULUM OBS]VATIONS1 & T]RE/RIAL MAGNETISM1 W]E QUITE NEW TO ME2 BUT ! AM\NT ( WORK :I* A HEAL?Y MAN CAN ACCOMPLI% 9 A %ORT TIME1 IF HE /RA9S ALL HIS =CES & GOES /RAI<T TO ! ROOT ( ! SUBJECT1 NO ONE W\LD SUPPOSE BE=EH&1-& SO MY REPORT WAS READY4 

,IT CONCLUD$ BY ADVOCAT+ A GREAT >CTIC EXP$ITION1 :I* W\LD AWAK5 9 ,RUSSIA A P]MAN5T 9T]E/ 9 >CTIC QUE/IONS & >CTIC NAVIGATION1 & 9 ! MEANTIME A RECONNOIT]+ EXP$ITION ON BO>D A S*OON] *>T]$ 9 ,NORWAY ) ITS CAPTA91 PU%+ NOR? OR NOR!A/ ( ,NOVAYA ,ZEMLYA4 ,?IS EXP$ITION1 WE SUGGE/$1 MI<T ALSO TRY TO REA*1 OR AT LEA/ TO SI<T1 AN UNKN[N L& :I* MU/ BE SITUAT$ AT NO GREAT DI/ANCE FROM ,NOVAYA ,ZEMLYA44 ,! PROBABLE EXI/5CE ( SU* A L& HAD BE5 9DICAT$ BY AN (FIC] ( ! ,RUSSIAN NAVY1 ,B>ON ,S*ILL+11 9 AN EXCELL5T BUT LITTLE KN[N PAP] ON ! CURR5TS 9 ! ,>CTIC ,OCEAN4 ,:5 ,I READ ?IS PAP]1 AS ALSO ,LUYA2 J\RNEY TO ,NOVAYA ,ZEMLYA1 & MADE MYSELF ACQUA9T$ ) ! G5]AL CONDITIONS ( ?IS P>T ( ! ,>CTIC ,OCEAN1 ,I SAW AT ONCE ?AT ! SUPPOSITION MU/ BE CORRECT4 ,!RE MU/ BE A L& TO ! NOR?WE/ ( ,N#fVAYA ,ZEMLYA1 & IT MU/ REA* A HI<] LATITUDE ?AN ,SPITZB]G54 ,! /EADY POSITION ( ! ICE AT ! WE/ ( ,NOVAYA ,ZEMLYA1 ! MUD & /ONES ON IT1 & V>I\S O!R SMALL] 9DICATIONS CONFIRM$ ! HYPO!SIS4 ,BESIDES1 IF SU* A L& W]E NOT LOCAT$ !RE1 ! ICE CURR5T :I* FL[S WE/W>D FROM ! M]IDIAN ( ,BEHR+ ,/RAIT TO ,GRE5L& 7! CURR5T ( ! ,FRAM'S DRIFT7 W\LD1 AS ,B>ON ,S*ILL+ HAD TRULY REM>K$1 REA* ! ,NOR? ,CAPE & COV] ! COA/S ( ,LAPONIA ) MASSES ( ICE1 JU/ AS IT COV]S ! NOR!RN EXTREMITY ( ,GRE5L&4 ,! W>M CURR5T ALONE--A FEEBLE CONT9UATION ( ! ,GULF ,/REAM--C\LD NOT HAVE PREV5T$ ! ACCUMULATION ( ICE ON ! COA/S ( ,NOR!RN ,EUROPE4 ,?IS L&1 AS IS KN[N1 WAS DISCOV]$ A C\PLE ( YE>S LAT] BY ! ,AU/RIAN EXP$ITION1 & NAM$ ,FRANZ ,JOSEF ,L&4 

,! >CTIC REPORT HAD A QUITE UNEXPECT$ RESULT = ME4 ,I WAS (F]$ ! LEAD]%IP ( ! RECONNOIT]+ EXP$ITION1 ON BO>D A ,NORWEGIAN S*OON] *>T]$ = ! PURPOSE4 ,I REPLI$1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT ,I HAD NEV] BE5 TO SEA2 BUT ,I WAS TOLD ?AT BY COMB9+ ! EXP]I5CE ( A ,C>LS5 OR A ,JOHANS5 ) ! 9ITIATIVE ( A MAN ( SCI5CE1 SOME?+ VALUABLE C\LD BE DONE2 & ,I W\LD HAVE ACCEPT$1 HAD NOT ! M9I/RY ( F9ANCE AT ?IS JUNCTURE 9T]POS$ ) ITS VETO4 ,IT REPLI$ ?AT ! EX*EQU] C\LD NOT GRANT ! ?REE OR F\R ?\S& P\NDS :I* W\LD BE REQUIR$ = ! EXP$ITION4 ,S9CE ?AT TIME ,RUSSIA HAS TAK5 NO P>T 9 ! EXPLORATION ( ! >CTIC SEAS4 ,! L& :I* WE DI/+UI%$ ?R\< ! SUBPOL> MI/S WAS DISCOV]$ BY ,PAV] & ,WEYPRE*T1 & ! >*IPELAGOES :I* MU/ EXI/ TO ! NOR!A/ ( ,NOVAYA ,ZEMLYA-,I AM EV5 MORE FIRMLY P]SUAD$ ( IT N[ ?AN ,I WAS !N-REMA9 UNDISCOV]$4 

,9/EAD ( JO9+ AN >CTIC EXP$ITION1 ,I WAS S5T \T BY ! ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY = A MODE/ T\R 9 ,F9L& & ,SW$51 TO EXPLORE ! GLACIAL DEPOSITS2 & ?AT J\RNEY DRIFT$ ME 9 A QUITE DIFF]5T DIRECTION4 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,ACADEMY ( ,SCI5CES S5T \T ?AT SUMM] TWO ( ITS MEMB]S-! OLD GEOLOGI/ ,G5]AL ,HELM]S5 & ,FR$]ICK ,S*MIDT1 ! 9DEFATIGABLE EXPLOR] ( ,SIB]IA--TO /UDY ! /RUCTURE ( ?OSE LONG RIDGES ( DRIFT :I* >E KN[N AS AS> 9 ,SW$5 & ,F9L&1 & AS ESK]S1 KAMES1 & SO ON1 9 ! ,BRITI% ,ISLES4 ,! ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY S5T ME TO ,F9L& = ! SAME PURPOSE4 ,WE VISIT$1 ALL ?REE1 ! BEAUTIFUL RIDGE ( ,PUNGAH>JU & !N SEP>AT$4 ,I WORK$ H>D DUR+ ! SUMM]4 ,I TRAVEL$ A GREAT DEAL 9 ,F9L&1 & CROSS$ OV] TO ,SW$51 :]E ,I SP5T MANY HAPPY H\RS 9 ! COMPANY ( ,A4 ,NORD5SKJOLD4 ,AS E>LY AS !N-#a#h#g#a-HE M5TION$ TO ME HIS S*EMES = REA*+ ! M\?S ( ! ,SIB]IAN RIV]S1 & EV5 ! ,BEHR+ ,/RAIT1 BY ! NOR!RN R\TE4 ,RETURN+ TO ,F9L& ,I CONT9U$ MY RESE>*ES TILL LATE 9 ! AUTUMN1 & COLLECT$ A MASS ( MO/ 9T]E/+ OBS]VATIONS RELATIVE TO ! GLACIATION ( ! C\NTRY4 ,BUT ,I ALSO ?\<T A GREAT DEAL DUR+ ?IS J\RNEY AB\T SOCIAL MATT]S1 & !SE ?\<TS HAD A DECISIVE 9FLU5CE UPON MY SUBSEQU5T DEVELOPM5T4 

,ALL SORTS ( VALUABLE MAT]IALS RELATIVE TO ! GEOGRAPHY ( ,RUSSIA PASS$ ?R\< MY H&S 9 ! ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY1 & ! IDEA GRADUALLY CAME TO ME ( WRIT+ AN EXHAU/IVE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY ( ?AT IMM5SE P>T ( ! WORLD4 ,MY 9T5TION WAS TO GIVE A ?OR\< GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION ( ! C\NTRY1 BAS+ IT UPON ! MA9 L9ES ( ! SURFACE /RUCTURE1 :I* ,I BEGAN TO DIS5TANGLE = ,EUROPEAN ,RUSSIA2 & TO SKET*1 9 ?AT DESCRIPTION1 ! DIFF]5T =MS ( ECONOMIC LIFE :I* \<T TO PREVAIL 9 DIFF]5T PHYSICAL REGIONS4 ,TAKE1 = 9/ANCE1 ! WIDE PRAIRIES ( ,S\!RN ,RUSSIA1 SO (T5 VISIT$ BY DR\<TS & FAILURE ( CROPS4 ,!SE DR\<TS & FAILURES MU/ NOT BE TREAT$ AS ACCID5TAL CALAMITIES3 !Y >E AS MU* A NATURAL FEATURE ( ?AT REGION AS ITS POSITION ON A S\!RN SLOPE1 ITS F]TILITY1 & ! RE/2 & ! :OLE ( ! ECONOMIC LIFE ( ! S\!RN PRAIRIES \<T TO BE ORGANIZ$ 9 PREVISION ( ! UNAVOIDABLE RECURR5CE ( P]IODICAL DR\<TS4 ,EA* REGION ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE \<T TO BE TREAT$ 9 ! SAME SCI5TIFIC WAY1 JU/ AS ,K>L ,RITT] HAS TREAT$ P>TS ( ,ASIA 9 HIS BEAUTIFUL MONOGRAPHS4 

,BUT SU* A WORK W\LD HAVE REQUIR$ PL5TY ( TIME & FULL FRE$OM = ! WRIT]1 & ,I (T5 ?\<T H[ HELPFUL TO ?IS 5D IT W\LD BE W]E ,I TO OCCUPY SOME DAY ! POSITION ( SECRET>Y TO ! ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY4 ,N[1 9 ! AUTUMN ( #a#h#g#a1 AS ,I WAS WORK+ 9 ,F9L&1 SL[LY MOV+ ON FOOT T[>D ! SEACOA/ ALONG ! NEWLY BUILT RAILWAY1 & CLOSELY WAT*+ ! SPOT :]E ! FIR/ UNMI/AKABLE TRACES ( ! =M] EXT5SION ( ! PO/-GLACIAL SEA W\LD APPE>1 ,I RECEIV$ A TELEGRAM FROM ! ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY3 0,! C\NCIL BEGS Y\ TO ACCEPT ! POSITION ( SECRET>Y TO ! ,SOCIETY40 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! \TGO+ SECRET>Y /RONGLY URG$ ME TO ACCEPT ! PROPOSAL4 

,MY HOPES W]E REALIZ$4 ,BUT 9 ! MEANTIME O!R ?\<TS & O!R LONG+S HAD P]VAD$ MY M9D4 ,I S]I\SLY ?\<T OV] ! REPLY1 & WIR$1 0,MO/ CORDIAL ?ANKS1 BUT CANNOT ACCEPT40 

7,S\RCE3 ,MEMOIRS ( A ,REVOLUTIONI/1 ,FIR/ ,$ITION1 ,H\<TON ,MIFFL9 ,COMPANY1 ,BO/ON & ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#h#i#i47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahih 3 ,P>T #d3 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG2 ,FIR/ ,J\RNEY TO ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,SECTION #b -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#a1 #bag 3 ,P>T #d3 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG2 ,FIR/ ,J\RNEY TO ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,SECTION #b -- ,ADD$4 

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