,P>T #c3 ,SIB]IA1 ,SECTION #c 

#ahiiahii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,>T ,GALL]Y ,]GS,>T1 ,PUBLIC ,DOMA9 ,9 ,JANU>Y1 #a#h#f#c1 ,POL& ROSE AGA9/ ,RUSSIAN RULE4 ,9SURRECTION>Y 
B&S W]E =M$1 & A W> BEGAN :I* LA/$ = FULL EI<TE5 
MON?S4 ,! ,LONDON REFUGEES HAD IMPLOR$ ! ,POLI% REVOLUTION>Y 
COMMITTEES TO PO/PONE ! MOVEM5T4 ,!Y =ESAW ?AT IT W\LD BE 
CRU%$1 & W\LD PUT AN 5D TO ! RE=M P]IOD 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT IT 
C\LD NOT BE HELP$4 ,! REPRESSION ( ! NATIONALI/ MANIFE/ATIONS 
:I* TOOK PLACE AT ,W>SAW 9 #a#h#f#a1 & ! CRUEL1 QUITE UNPROVOK$ 
EXECUTIONS :I* FOLL[$1 EXASP]AT$ ! ,POLES4 ,! DIE WAS CA/4 

,NEV] BE=E HAD ! ,POLI% CAUSE SO MANY SYMPA?IZ]S 9 ,RUSSIA AS 
AT ?AT TIME4 ,I DO NOT SPEAK ( ! REVOLUTIONI/S2 BUT EV5 AMONG ! 
MORE MOD]ATE ELEM5TS ( ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY IT WAS ?\<T1 & WAS OP5LY 
SAID1 ?AT IT W\LD BE A B5EFIT = ,RUSSIA TO HAVE 9 ,POL& A FRI5DLY 
NEI<BOR 9/EAD ( A HO/ILE SUBJECT4 ,POL& WILL NEV] LOSE H] 
NATIONAL *>ACT]1 IT IS TOO /RONGLY DEVELOP$2 %E HAS1 & WILL 
HAVE1 H] [N LIT]ATURE1 H] [N >T & 9DU/RY4 ,RUSSIA CAN KEEP H] 
9 S]VITUDE ONLY BY MEANS ( %E] =CE & OPPRESSION1---A CONDITION ( 
?+S :I* HAS HI!RTO FAVOR$1 & NECESS>ILY WILL FAVOR1 
OPPRESSION 9 ,RUSSIA H]SELF4 ,EV5 ! PEACEFUL ,SLAVOPHILES W]E ( ?AT 
OP9ION2 & :ILE ,I WAS AT S*OOL1 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG SOCIETY GREET$ ) 
FULL APPROVAL ! 0DREAM0 :I* ! ,SLAVOPHILE ,IVAN ,AKSAK(F 
HAD ! C\RAGE TO PR9T 9 HIS PAP]1 0,! ,DAY40 ,HIS DREAM WAS ?AT 
! ,RUSSIAN TROOPS HAD EVACUAT$ ,POL&1 & HE DISCUSS$ ! EXCELL5T 
RESULTS :I* W\LD FOLL[4 

,:5 ! REVOLUTION ( #ahfc BROKE \T1 SEV]AL ,RUSSIAN (FIC]S REFUS$ TO M>* AGA9/ ! ,POLES1 :ILE O!RS OP5LY TOOK !IR P>T1 & DI$ EI!R ON ! SCAFFOLD OR ON ! BATTLEFIELD4 ,FUNDS = ! 9SURRECTION W]E COLLECT$ ALL OV] ,RUSSIA1---QUITE OP5LY 9 ,SIB]IA1---& 9 ! ,RUSSIAN UNIV]SITIES ! /UD5TS EQUIPP$ ?OSE ( !IR COMRADES :O W]E GO+ TO JO9 ! REVOLUTIONI/S4 

,!N1 AMID ?IS EFF]VESC5CE1 ! NEWS SPREAD OV] ,RUSSIA ?AT1 DUR+ ! NI<T ( ,JANU>Y #a1 B&S ( 9SURG5TS HAD FALL5 UPON ! SOLDI]S :O W]E CANTON$ 9 ! VILLAGES1 & HAD MURD]$ !M 9 !IR B$S1 AL?\< ON ! V]Y EVE ( ?AT DAY ! RELATIONS ( ! TROOPS ) ! ,POLES SEEM$ TO BE QUITE FRI5DLY4 ,!RE WAS SOME EXAGG]ATION 9 ! REPORT1 BUT UN=TUNATELY !RE WAS ALSO TRU? 9 IT1 & ! IMPRESSION IT PRODUC$ 9 ,RUSSIA WAS MO/ DISA/R\S4 ,! OLD ANTIPA?IES BETWE5 ! TWO NATIONS1 SO AK9 9 !IR ORIG9S1 BUT SO DIFF]5T 9 !IR NATIONAL *>ACT]S1 WOKE ONCE MORE4 

,GRADUALLY ! BAD FEEL+ FAD$ AWAY TO SOME EXT5T4 ,! GALLANT FI<T ( ! ALWAYS BRAVE SONS ( ,POL&1 & ! 9DOMITABLE 5]GY ) :I* !Y RESI/$ A =MIDABLE >MY1 WON SYMPA?Y = ?AT H]OIC NATION4 ,BUT IT BECAME KN[N ?AT ! ,POLI% REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEE1 9 ITS DEM& = ! REE/ABLI%M5T ( ,POL& ) ITS OLD FRONTI]S1 9CLUD$ ! ,LITTLE ,RUSSIAN OR ,UKRA9IAN PROV9CES1 ! ,GREEK ,OR?ODOX POPULATION ( :I* HAT$ ITS ,POLI% RUL]S1 & MORE ?AN ONCE 9 ! C\RSE ( ! LA/ ?REE C5TURIES HAD SLAU<T]$ !M :OLESALE4 ,MOREOV]1 ,NAPOLEON ,I,I,I4 BEGAN TO M5ACE ,RUSSIA ) A NEW W>1--- A VA9 M5ACE1 :I* DID MORE H>M TO ! ,POLES ?AN ALL O!R ?+S PUT TOGE!R4 ,& F9ALLY1 ! RADICAL ELEM5TS ( ,RUSSIA SAW ) REGRET ?AT N[ ! PURELY NATIONALI/ ELEM5TS ( ,POL& HAD GOT ! UPP] H&1 ! REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T DID NOT C>E 9 ! LEA/ TO GRANT ! L& TO ! S]FS1---A BLUND] ( :I* ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T DID NOT FAIL TO TAKE ADVANTAGE1 9 ORD] TO APPE> 9 ! POSITION ( PROTECTOR ( ! PEASANTS AGA9/ !IR ,POLI% L&LORDS4 

,:5 ! REVOLUTION BROKE \T 9 ,POL&1 IT WAS G5]ALLY BELIEV$ 9 ,RUSSIA ?AT IT W\LD TAKE A DEMOCRATIC1 REPUBLICAN TURN2 & ?AT ! LIB]ATION ( ! S]FS ON A BROAD DEMOCRATIC BASIS W\LD BE ! FIR/ ?+ :I* A REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T1 FI<T+ = ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ! C\NTRY1 W\LD ACCOMPLI%4 

,! EMANCIPATION LAW1 AS IT HAD BE5 5ACT$ AT ,/4 ,PET]SBURG 9 #a#h#f#a1 PROVID$ AMPLE OPPORTUNITY = SU* A C\RSE ( ACTION4 ,! P]SONAL OBLIGATIONS ( ! S]FS TO !IR [N]S CAME TO AN 5D ONLY ON ! #a#i? ( ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#h#f#c4 ,!N1 A V]Y SL[ PROCESS HAD TO BE GONE ?R\< 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 A SORT ( AGREEM5T BETWE5 ! L&LORDS & ! S]FS AS TO ! SIZE & ! LOCATION ( ! L& ALLOTM5TS :I* W]E TO BE GIV5 TO ! LIB]AT$ S]FS4 ,! YE>LY PAYM5TS = !SE ALLOTM5TS 7DISPROPORTIONALLY HI<7 W]E FIX$ BY LAW AT SO MU* P] ACRE2 BUT ! PEASANTS HAD ALSO TO PAY AN ADDITIONAL SUM = !IR HOME/EADS1 & ( ?IS SUM ! MAXIMUM ONLY HAD BE5 FIX$ BY ! /ATUTE1---IT HAV+ BE5 ?\<T ?AT ! L&LORDS MI<T BE 9DUC$ TO =EGO ?AT ADDITIONAL PAYM5T1 OR TO BE SATISFI$ ) ONLY A P>T ( IT4 ,AS TO ! SO-CALL$ 0R$EMPTION0 ( ! L&1---9 :I* CASE ! GOV]NM5T UND]TOOK TO PAY ! L&LORD ITS FULL VALUE 9 /ATE BONDS1 & ! PEASANTS1 RECEIV+ ! L&1 HAD TO PAY 9 RETURN1 = =TY-N9E YE>S1 SIX P]C5T ON ?AT SUM AS 9T]E/ & ANNUITIES1---NOT ONLY W]E !SE PAYM5TS EXTRAVAGANT & RU9\S = ! PEASANTS1 BUT NO TIME WAS FIX$ = ! R$EMPTION4 ,IT WAS LEFT TO ! WILL ( ! L&LORD1 & 9 AN IMM5SE NUMB] ( CASES ! R$EMPTION >RANGEM5TS HAD NOT EV5 BE5 5T]$ UPON1 TW5TY YE>S AFT] ! EMANCIPATION4 

,UND] SU* CONDITIONS A REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T HAD AMPLE OPPORTUNITY = IMM5SELY IMPROV+ UPON ! ,RUSSIAN LAW4 ,IT WAS B\ND TO ACCOMPLI% AN ACT ( JU/ICE T[>DS ! S]FS---:OSE CONDITION 9 ,POL& WAS AS BAD AS1 & (T5 WORSE ?AN 9 ,RUSSIA ITSELF---BY GRANT+ !M BETT] & MORE DEF9ITE T]MS ( EMANCIPATION4 ,BUT NO?+ ( ! SORT WAS DONE4 ,! PURELY NATIONALI/ P>TY & ! >I/OCRATIC P>TY HAV+ OBTA9$ ! UPP] H& 9 ! MOVEM5T1 ?IS FUNDAM5TALLY IMPORTANT MATT] WAS LEFT \T ( SI<T4 ,?IS MADE IT EASY = ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T TO W9 ! PEASANTS TO ITS SIDE4 

,FULL ADVANTAGE WAS TAK5 ( ?IS MI/AKE :5 ,NI*OLAS ,MILUT9 WAS S5T TO ,POL& BY ,ALEX&] ,I,I4 ) ! MISSION ( LIB]AT+ ! PEASANTS 9 ! WAY HE 9T5D$ DO+ IT 9 ,RUSSIA1---:E!R ! L&LORDS W]E RU9$ 9 CONSEQU5CE OR NOT4 0,GO TO ,POL&2 APPLY !RE Y\R ,R$ PROGRAM AGA9/ ! ,POLI% L&LORDS10 SAID ,ALEX&] ,I,I4 TO HIM2 & ,MILUT91 TOGE!R ) ,PR9CE ,*]KASSKY & MANY O!RS1 REALLY DID !IR BE/ TO TAKE ! L& FROM ! L&LORDS & GIVE GOOD-SIZ$ ALLOTM5TS TO ! PEASANTS4 

,I ONCE MET ONE ( ! ,RUSSIAN FUNCTION>IES :O W5T TO ,POL& UND] ,MILUT9 & ,PR9CE ,*]KASSKY4 0,WE HAD FULL LIB]TY10 HE SAID TO ME1 0TO TURN OV] ! L& TO ! PEASANTS4 ,MY USUAL PLAN WAS TO GO & TO CONVOKE ! PEASANTS' ASSEMBLY4 ',TELL ME FIR/1' ,I W\LD SAY1 ':AT L& DO Y\ HOLD AT ?IS MOM5T8' ,!Y W\LD PO9T IT \T TO ME4 ',IS ?IS ALL ! L& Y\ EV] HELD8' ,I W\LD !N ASK4 ',SURELY NOT1' !Y W\LD REPLY ) ONE VOICE4 ',YE>S AGO !SE MEAD[S W]E \RS2 ?IS WOOD WAS ONCE 9 \R POSSESSION2 !SE FIELDS1 TOO1' !Y W\LD SAY4 ,I W\LD LET !M GO ON TALK+ ALL OV] & !N W\LD ASK3 ',N[1 :I* ( Y\ CAN C]TIFY UND] OA? ?AT ?IS L& OR ?AT L& HAS EV] BE5 HELD BY Y\8' ,( C\RSE !RE W\LD BE NOBODY =?COM+1---IT WAS ALL TOO LONG AGO4 ,AT LA/1 SOME OLD MAN W\LD BE ?RU/ \T FROM ! CR[D1 ! RE/ SAY+3 ',HE KN[S ALL AB\T IT2 HE CAN SWE> TO IT4' ,! OLD MAN W\LD BEG9 A LONG /ORY AB\T :AT HE KNEW 9 HIS Y\?1 OR HAD HE>D FROM HIS FA!R1 BUT ,I W\LD CUT ! /ORY %ORT4 4 4 4 ',/ATE ON OA? :AT Y\ KN[ TO HAVE BE5 HELD BY ! GM9A 7! VILLAGE COMMUNITY71 & ! L& IS Y\RS4' ,& AS SOON AS HE TOOK ! OA? --- ONE C\LD TRU/ ?AT OA? IMPLICITLY --- ,I WROTE \T ! PAP]S & DECL>$ TO ! ASSEMBLY3 0,N[1 ?IS L& IS Y\RS4 ,Y\ /& NO LONG] UND] ANY OBLIGATIONS :ATEV] TO Y\R LATE MA/]S3 Y\ >E SIMPLY !IR NEI<BORS2 ALL Y\ WILL HAVE TO DO IS TO PAY ! R$EMPTION TAX1 SO MU* EV]Y YE>1 TO ! GOV]NM5T4 ,Y\R HOME/EADS GO ) ! L&3 Y\ GET !M FREE4'0 

,ONE CAN IMAG9E ! EFFECT :I* SU* A POLICY HAD UPON ! PEASANTS4 ,A C\S9 ( M9E1 ,PETR ,NIKOLAEVI* ,KROPOTK91 A BRO!R ( ! AIDE-DE-CAMP :OM ,I HAVE M5TION$1 WAS 9 ,POL& OR 9 ,LI?UANIA ) HIS REGIM5T ( UHLANS ( ! GU>D4 ,! REVOLUTION WAS SO S]I\S ?AT EV5 ! REGIM5TS ( ! GU>D HAD BE5 S5T FROM ,/4 ,PET]SBURG AGA9/ IT1 & IT IS N[ KN[N ?AT :5 ,MIKHAEL ,MURAVI(F WAS S5T TO ,LI?UANIA & CAME TO TAKE LEAVE ( ! ,EMPRESS ,M>IE1 %E SAID TO HIM3 0,SAVE AT LEA/ ,LI?UANIA = ,RUSSIA60 ,POL& WAS REG>D$ AS LO/4 

0,! >M$ B&S ( ! REVOLUTIONI/S HELD ! C\NTRY10 MY C\S9 SAID TO ME1 0& WE W]E P[]LESS TO DEFEAT !M1 OR EV5 TO F9D !M4 ,SMALL B&S OV] & OV] AGA9 ATTACK$ \R SMALL] DETA*M5TS1 & AS !Y F\<T ADMIRABLY1 & KNEW ! C\NTRY1 & F\ND SUPPORT 9 ! POPULATION1 !Y (T5 HAD ! BE/ ( ! SKIRMI%ES4 ,WE W]E ?US COMPELL$ TO M>* 9 L>GE COLUMNS ONLY4 ,WE W\LD CROSS A REGION1 M>*+ ?R\< ! WOODS1 )\T F9D+ ANY TRACE ( ! B&S2 BUT :5 WE M>*$ BACK AGA91 WE LE>N$ ?AT B&S HAD REAPPE>$ 9 \R RE>2 ?AT !Y HAD LEVI$ ! PATRIOTIC TAX 9 ! C\NTRY2 & IF SOME PEASANT HAD R5D]$ HIMSELF USEFUL 9 ANY WAY TO \R TROOPS1 WE F\ND HIM HANG$ ON A TREE BY ! REVOLUTION>Y B&S4 ,SO IT W5T ON = MON?S ) NO *ANCE ( IMPROVEM5T1 UNTIL ,MILUT9 & ,*]ASSKY CAME & FRE$ ! PEASANTS1 GIV+ !M ! L&4 ,!N---ALL WAS OV]4 ,! PEASANTS SID$ ) US2 !Y HELP$ US TO CAPTURE ! B&S1 & ! 9SURRECTION CAME TO AN 5D40 

,I (T5 SPOKE ) ! ,POLI% EXILES 9 ,SIB]IA UPON ?IS SUBJECT1 & SOME ( !M UND]/OOD ! MI/AKE ?AT HAD BE5 MADE4 ,A REVOLUTION1 FROM ITS V]Y \TSET1 MU/ BE AN ACT ( JU/ICE T[>DS 0! D[NTRODD5 & ! OPPRES$10 NOT A PROMISE ( SU* REP>ATION LAT] ON2 O!RWISE IT IS SURE TO FAIL4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 IT (T5 HAPP5S ?AT ! LEAD]S >E SO MU* ABSORB$ ) M]E QUE/IONS ( MILIT>Y TACTICS ?AT !Y =GET ! MA9 ?+4 ,= REVOLUTIONI/S NOT TO SUCCE$ 9 PROV+ TO ! MASSES ?AT A NEW ]A HAS REALLY BEGUN = !M IS TO 9SURE ! C]TA9 FAILURE ( !IR CAUSE4 

,! DISA/R\S CONSEQU5CES = ,POL& ( ?IS REVOLUTION >E KN[N2 !Y BELONG TO ! DOMA9 ( HI/ORY4 ,H[ MANY ?\S& M5 P]I%$ 9 BATTLE1 H[ MANY HUNDR$S W]E HANG$1 & H[ MANY SCORES ( ?\S&S W]E TRANSPORT$ TO V>I\S PROV9CES ( ,RUSSIA & ,SIB]IA IS NOT YET FULLY KN[N4 ,BUT EV5 ! (FICIAL FIGURES :I* W]E PR9T$ 9 ,RUSSIA A FEW YE>S AGO %[ ?AT 9 ! ,LI?UANIAN PROV9CES ALONE---NOT TO SPEAK ( ,POL& PROP]---?AT ! T]RIBLE MAN1 ,MIKHAEL ,MURAVI(F1 TO :OM ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T HAS JU/ ]ECT$ A MONUM5T AT ,WILNO1 HANG$ BY HIS [N AU?ORITY #abh ,POLES1 & TRANSPORT$ TO ,RUSSIA & ,SIB]IA #i1#d#b#c M5 & WOM54 ,(FICIAL LI/S1 ALSO PUBLI%$ 9 ,RUSSIA1 GIVE #a#h1#f#g#b M5 & WOM5 EXIL$ TO ,SIB]IA FROM ,POL&1 ( :OM #a1#d#g W]E S5T TO ,EA/ ,SIB]IA4 ,I REMEMB] ?AT ! GOV]NOR G5]AL ( ,EA/ ,SIB]IA M5TION$ TO ME ! SAME NUMB]1 AB\T #a#a1 P]SONS1 S5T TO H>D LABOR OR EXILE 9 HIS DOMA9S4 ,I SAW !M !RE1 & WITNESS$ !IR SUFF]+S4 ,ALTOGE!R1 SOME?+ LIKE #f1 OR #g1 P]SONS1 IF NOT MORE1 W]E TORN \T ( ,POL& & TRANSPORT$ TO DIFF]5T PROV9CES ( ,RUSSIA1 TO ! ,URALS1 TO ,CAUCASUS1 & TO ,SIB]IA4 

,= ,RUSSIA ! CONSEQU5CES W]E EQUALLY DISA/R\S4 ,! ,POLI% 9SURRECTION WAS ! DEF9ITIVE CLOSE ( ! RE=M P]IOD4 ,TRUE1 ! LAW ( PROV9CIAL SELF-GOV]NM5T 7,ZEM/VOS7 & ! RE=M ( ! LAW C\RTS W]E PROMULGAT$ 9 #ahfd & #a#h#f#f2 BUT BO? W]E READY 9 #a#h#f#b1 &1 MOREOV]1 AT ! LA/ MOM5T ,ALEX&] ,I,I4 GAVE PREF]5CE TO ! S*EME ( SELF-GOV]NM5T :I* HAD BE5 PREP>$ BY ! REACTION>Y P>TY ( ,VALUEFF AS AGA9/ ! S*EME ?AT HAD BE5 PREP>$ BY ,NI*OLAS ,MILUT92 & IMM$IATELY AFT] ! PROMULGATION ( BO? RE=MS1 !IR IMPORTANCE WAS R$UC$1 & 9 SOME CASES DE/ROY$1 BY ! 5ACTM5T ( A NUMB] ( BY-LAWS4 

,WOR/ ( ALL1 PUBLIC OP9ION ITSELF TOOK A FUR!R /EP BACKW>D4 ,! H]O ( ! H\R WAS ,KATK(F1 ! LEAD] ( ! S]FDOM P>TY1 :O APPE>$ N[ AS A ,RUSSIAN 0PATRIOT10 & C>RI$ ) HIM MO/ ( ! ,/4 ,PET]SBURG & ,MOSC[ SOCIETY4 ,AFT] ?AT TIME ?OSE :O D>$ TO SPEAK ( RE=MS W]E AT ONCE CLASS$ BY ,KATK(F AS 0TRAITORS TO ,RUSSIA40 

,! WAVE ( REACTION SOON REA*$ \R REMOTE PROV9CE4 ,ONE DAY 9 ,M>* A PAP] WAS BR\<T BY A SPECIAL MESS5G] FROM ,IRKUTSK4 ,IT 9TIMAT$ TO ,G5]AL ,KUKEL ?AT HE WAS AT ONCE TO LEAVE ! PO/ ( GOV]NOR ( ,TRANSBAIKALIA & GO TO ,IRKUTSK1 WAIT+ !RE = FUR!R ORD]S1 & ?AT HE WAS NOT TO RESUME ! PO/ ( COMM&] ( ! G5]AL /AFF4 

,:Y8 ,:AT DID ?AT MEAN8 ,!RE WAS NOT A WORD ( EXPLANATION4 ,EV5 ! GOV]NOR-G5]AL1 A P]SONAL FRI5D ( ,KUKEL1 HAD NOT RUN ! RISK ( ADD+ A S+LE WORD TO ! MY/]I\S ORD]4 ,DID IT MEAN ?AT ,KUKEL WAS GO+ TO BE TAK5 BETWE5 TWO G5D>MES TO ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 & IMMUR$ 9 ?AT HUGE /ONE C(F91 ! =TRESS ( ,/4 ,PET] & ,/4 ,PAUL8 ,ALL WAS POSSIBLE4 ,LAT] ON WE LE>N$ ?AT SU* WAS 9DE$ ! 9T5TION2 & SO IT W\LD HAVE BE5 DONE BUT = ! 5]GETIC 9T]V5TION ( ,C\NT ,NI*OLAS ,MURAVI(F1 0! CONQU]OR ( ! ,AMUR10 :O P]SONALLY IMPLOR$ ! ,CZ> ?AT ,KUKEL %\LD BE SP>$ ?AT FATE4 

,\R P>T+ ) ,KUKEL & HIS *>M+ FAMILY WAS LIKE A FUN]AL4 ,MY HE>T WAS V]Y HEAVY4 ,I NOT ONLY LO/ 9 HIM A DE> P]SONAL FRI5D1 BUT ,I FELT ALSO ?AT ?IS P>T+ WAS ! BURIAL ( A :OLE EPO*1 FULL ( LONG-*]I%$ HOPES1 - 0FULL ( ILLUSIONS10 AS IT BECAME ! FA%ION TO SAY4 

,SO IT WAS4 ,A NEW GOV]NOR CAME1 - A GOOD-NATUR$1 LEAVE-ME-9-PEACE MAN4 ,) R5EW$ 5]GY1 SEE+ ?AT !RE WAS NO TIME TO LOSE1 ,I COMPLET$ \R PLANS = ! RE=M ( ! SY/EM ( EXILE & MUNICIPAL SELF-GOV]NM5T4 ,! GOV]NOR MADE A FEW OBJECTIONS H]E & !RE = =MALITY'S SAKE1 BUT F9ALLY SIGN$ ! S*EMES1 & !Y W]E S5T TO HEADQU>T]S4 ,BUT AT ,/4 ,PET]SBURG RE=MS W]E NO LONG] WANT$4 ,!RE \R PROJECTS LIE BURI$ /ILL1 ) HUNDR$S ( SIMIL> ONES FROM ALL P>TS ( ,RUSSIA4 ,A FEW 0IMPROV$0 PRISONS1 EV5 MORE T]RIBLE ?AN ! OLD UNIMPROV$ ONES1 HAVE BE5 BUILT 9 ! CAPITALS1 TO BE %[N DUR+ PRISON CONGRESSES TO DI/+UI%$ =EIGN]S2 BUT ! REMA9D]1 & ! :OLE SY/EM ( EXILE1 W]E F\ND BY ,GEORGE ,K5NAN 9 #ahhf 9 EXACTLY ! SAME /ATE 9 :I* ,I LEFT !M 9 #a#h#f#b4 ,ONLY N[1 AFT] ?IRTY-FIVE YE>S HAVE PASS$ AWAY1 ! AU?ORITIES >E 9TRODUC+ ! RE=M$ TRIBUNALS & A P>ODY ( SELF-GOV]NM5T 9 ,SIB]IA1 & COMMITTEES HAVE BE5 NOM9AT$ AGA9 TO 9QUIRE 9TO ! SY/EM ( EXILE4 

,:5 ,K5NAN CAME BACK TO ,LONDON FROM HIS J\RNEY 9 ,SIB]IA1 HE MANAG$1 ON ! V]Y NEXT DAY AFT] HIS >RIVAL 9 ,LONDON1 TO HUNT UP ,/EPNIAK1 ,T*AYKOVSKY1 MYSELF1 & ANO!R ,RUSSIAN REFUGEE4 ,9 ! EV5+ WE ALL MET AT ,K5NAN'S ROOM 9 A SMALL HOTEL NE> ,*>+ ,CROSS4 ,WE SAW HIM = ! FIR/ TIME1 & HAVIOG NO EXCESS ( CONFID5CE 9 5T]PRIS+ ,5GLI%M5 :O HAD PREVI\SLY UND]TAK5 TO LE>N ALL AB\T ! ,SIB]IAN PRISONS )\T EV5 LE>N+ A WORD ( ,RUSSIAN1 WE BEGAN TO CROSS-EXAM9E ,K5NAN4 ,TO \R A/ONI%M5T1 HE NOT ONLY SPOKE EXCELL5T ,RUSSIAN1 BUT HE KNEW EV]Y?+ WOR? KN[+ AB\T ,SIB]IA4 ,ONE OR ANO!R ( US HAD BE5 ACQUA9T$ ) ! GREAT] PROPORTION ( ALL POLITICAL EXILES 9 ,SIB]IA1 & WE BESIEG$ ,K5NAN ) QUE/IONS3 0,:]E IS ,SO & ,SO8 ,IS HE M>RI$8 ,IS HE HAPPY 9 HIS M>RIAGE8 ,DOES HE /ILL KEEP FRE% 9 SPIRIT80 ,WE W]E SOON SATISFI$ ?AT ,K5NAN KNEW ALL AB\T EV]Y ONE ( !M4 

,:5 ?IS QUE/ION+ WAS OV]1 & WE W]E PREP>+ TO LEAVE1 ,I ASK$1 0,DO Y\ KN[1 ,MR4 ,K5NAN1 IF !Y HAVE BUILT A WAT*T[] = ! FIRE BRIGADE AT ,*ITA80 ,/EPNIAK LOOK$ AT ME1 AS IF TO REPROA* ME = ABUS+ ,K5NAN'S GOODWILL4 ,K5NAN1 H[EV]1 BEGAN TO LAU<1 & ,I SOON JO9$ HIM4 ,& ) MU* LAU<T] WE TOSS$ EA* O!R QUE/IONS & ANSW]S3 0,:Y1 DO Y\ KN[ AB\T ?AT80 0,& Y\ TOO80 0,BUILT80 0,YES1 D\BLE E/IMATES60 & SO ON1 TILL AT LA/ ,/EPNIAK 9T]F]$1 & 9 HIS MO/ SEV]ELY GOOD-NATUR$ WAY OBJECT$3 0,TELL US AT LEA/ :AT Y\ >E LAU<+ AB\T40 ,:]EUPON ,K5NAN TOLD ! /ORY ( ?AT WAT*T[] :I* HIS READ]S MU/ REMEMB]4 ,9 #ahei ! ,*ITA PEOPLE WANT$ TO BUILD A WAT*T[]1 & COLLECT$ ! MONEY = IT2 BUT !IR E/IMATES HAD TO BE S5T TO ,/4 ,PET]SBURG4 ,SO !Y W5T TO ! M9I/RY ( ! 9T]IOR2 BUT :5 !Y CAME BACK1 TWO YE>S LAT]1 DULY APPROV$1 ALL ! PRICES = TIMB] & WORK HAD GONE UP 9 ?AT RIS+ Y\NG T[N4 ,?IS WAS 9 #a#h#f#b1 :ILE ,I WAS AT ,*ITA4 ,NEW E/IMATES W]E MADE & S5T TO ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 & ! /ORY WAS REPEAT$ = FULL TW5TY-FIVE YE>S1 TILL AT LA/ ! ,*ITA PEOPLE1 LOS+ PATI5CE1 PUT 9 !IR E/IMATES PRICES NE>LY D\BLE ! REAL ONES4 ,!SE FANTA/IC E/IMATES W]E SOLEMNLY CONSID]$ AT ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 & APPROV$4 ,?IS IS H[ ,*ITA GOT ITS WAT*T[]4 

,IT HAS (T5 BE5 SAID ?AT ,ALEX&] ,I,I4 COMMITT$ A GREAT FAULT1 & BR\<T AB\T HIS [N RU91 BY RAIS+ SO MANY HOPES :I* LAT] ON HE DID NOT SATISFY4 ,IT IS SE5 FROM :AT ,I HAVE JU/ SAID - & ! /ORY ( LITTLE ,*ITA WAS ! /ORY ( ALL ,RUSSIA - ?AT HE DID WORSE ?AN ?AT4 ,IT WAS NOT M]ELY ?AT HE RAIS$ HOPES4 ,YIELD+ = A MOM5T TO ! CURR5T ( PUBLIC OP9ION >\ND HIM1 HE 9DUC$ M5 ALL OV] ,RUSSIA TO SET TO WORK1 TO ISSUE FROM ! DOMA9 ( M]E HOPES & DREAMS1 & TO T\* ) ! F+] ! RE=MS ?AT W]E REQUIR$4 ,HE MADE !M REALIZE :AT C\LD BE DONE IMM$IATELY1 & H[ EASY IT WAS TO DO IT2 HE 9DUC$ !M TO SACRIFICE :ATEV] ( !IR IDEALS C\LD NOT BE IMM$IATELY REALIZ$1 & TO DEM& ONLY :AT WAS PRACTICALLY POSSIBLE AT ! TIME4 ,& :5 !Y HAD FRAM$ !IR IDEAS1 & HAD %AP$ !M 9TO LAWS :I* M]ELY REQUIR$ HIS SIGNATURE TO BECOME REALITIES1 !N HE REFUS$ ?AT SIGNATURE4 ,NO REACTIONI/ C\LD RAISE1 OR EV] HAS RAIS$1 HIS VOICE TO ASS]T ?AT :AT WAS LEFT - ! UNRE=M$ TRIBUNALS1 ! ABS5CE ( MUNICIPAL SELF-GOV]NM5T1 OR ! SY/EM ( EXILE - WAS GOOD & WAS WOR? MA9TA9+3 NO ONE HAS D>$ TO SAY ?AT4 ,& YET1 [+ TO ! FE> ( DO+ ANY?+1 ALL WAS LEFT AS IT WAS2 = ?IRTY-FIVE YE>S ?OSE :O V5TUR$ TO M5TION ! NECESSITY ( A *ANGE W]E TREAT$ AS SUSPECTS2 & 9/ITUTIONS UNANIM\SLY RECOGNIZ$ AS BAD W]E P]MITT$ TO CONT9UE 9 EXI/5CE ONLY ?AT NO?+ MORE MI<T BE HE>D ( ?AT ABHORR$ WORD 0RE=M40 

7,S\RCE3 ,MEMOIRS ( A ,REVOLUTIONI/1 ,FIR/ ,$ITION1 ,H\<TON ,MIFFL9 ,COMPANY1 ,BO/ON & ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#h#i#i47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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