,MAURICE ,BR9TON'S 0,= ,WORK]S' ,P[]0 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,TEXT 3 

,MAURICE ,BR9TON WAS ! PSEUDNUM UND] :I* ,*RI/OPH] ,PALLIS 7#a#i#b#c-#b#e7 WROTE & TRANSLAT$ = ! ,BRITI% LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ GR\P ,SOLID>ITY FROM #aif UNTIL ! E>LY #a#i#iS4 ,HE WAS ITS LEAD+ & MO/ 9FLU5TIAL MEMB]1 UNSURPRIS+LY GIV5 ! QUALITY & 9SI<TFULNESS ( HIS WORK1 & HIS IDEAS /ILL 9FLU5CE MANY TODAY ACROSS ! WORLD4 

,BR9TON'S TRANSLATIONS ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADIS WORK 7UND] ! PSEUDONYM 0,PAUL ,C>DAN07 CONTRIBUT$ IMM5SELY TO 5RI*+ LIB]T>IAN POLITICS 9 ! ,5GLI% SPEAK+ WORLD4 ,9DE$1 MANY ( HIS TRANSLATIONS W]E US$ AS ! BASIS ( ! ESS5TIAL ?REE VOLUME COLLECTION ( ,CA/ORIADIS' WORK 5TITL$ 0,POLITICAL & ,SOCIAL ,WRIT+S40 ,H[EV]1 ,BR9TON'S [N WORK WAS JU/ AS IMPORTANT 7& 9 MANY WAYS1 WID] 9 SCOPE7 ?AN ,CA/ORIADIS'S AS CAN BE SE5 FROM ?IS COLLECTION4 ,! BOOK HAS A DIV]SE RANGE ( DOCUM5TS3 AS WELL AS >TICLES ON NUM]\S SUBJECTS1 !RE >E REVIEWS1 9TRODUCTIONS TO O!R PEOPLE'S WORKS & HIS [N PAMPHLETS4 ,! LATT] 9CLUDE ! CLASSICS 0,! ,BOL%EVIKS & ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL0 & 0,! ,IRRATIONAL 9 ,POLITICS01 ! =M] A GR\ND-BREAK+ ACC\NT ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! LATT] A POPUL> 9TRODUCTION 9TO ! IDEAS ( REVOLUTION>Y PSY*IATRI/ ,WILHEIM ,REI* :I* EXPLORES ! ROLE ( SEXUAL REPRESSION & AU?ORIT>IAN CONDITION+ 9 CREAT+ OB$I5CE TO HI]>*Y & SO ! CONT9UANCE ( CLASS SOCIETY4 

,ESPECIALLY NOTEWOR?Y >E HIS VIVID EYE-WITNESS REPORTS FROM UPSURGES ( POPUL> SELF-ACTIVITY3 ! ,BELGIAN ,G5]AL ,/RIKE ( #a#i#f-#f#a1 ,FRANCE 9 ,MAY #a#i#f#h1 & ,PORTUGAL 9 #aige & #a#i#g#f4 ,!SE REALLY >E W9D[S 9TO :AT IS POSSIBLE ONCE PEOPLE />T TO %AKE (F !IR *A9S & FEEL !Y HAVE P[] OV] !IR [N FATES4 ,ALSO ( NOTE IS ! %ORT & CLE> SUMM>Y ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ IDEAS CALL$ 0,AS ,WE ,SEE ,IT0 & ! SUBSEQU5T COMM5T>Y ON ?AT WORK REQUIR$ TO COMBAT SOME ( ! /RANG] 9T]PRETATIONS IT RECEIV$ 70,AS ,WE ,DON'T ,SEE IT074 ,TO QUOTE A CLASSIC P>AGRAPH FROM ! =M] DOCUM5T %[S :Y3 

0,MEAN+FUL ACTION1 = REVOLUTION>IES1 IS :ATEV] 9CREASES ! CONFID5CE1 ! AUTONOMY1 ! 9ITIATIVE1 ! P>TICIPATION1 ! SOLID>ITY1 ! EGALIT>IAN T5D5CIES & ! SELF-ACTIVITY ( ! MASSES & :ATEV] ASSI/S 9 !IR DEMY/IFICATION4 ,/]ILE & H>MFUL ACTION IS :ATEV] RE9=CES ! PASSIVITY ( ! MASSES1 !IR APA?Y1 !IR CYNICISM1 !IR DIFF]5TIATION ?R\< HI]>*Y1 !IR ALI5ATION1 !IR RELIANCE ON O!RS TO DO ?+S = !M & ! DEGREE TO :I* !Y CAN !RE=E BE MANIPULAT$ BY O!RS - EV5 BY ?OSE ALLEG$LY ACT+ ON !IR BEHALF40 7,AS ,WE ,SEE IT7 

,FRE$OM WAS AT ! CORE ( ,BR9TON'S VISION ( 7LIB]T>IAN7 SOCIALISM1 AS HE /RESS$ TIME & TIME AGA9 9 ! >TICLES ?AT MAKE UP ?IS COLLECTION4 ,HE KNEW ?AT G5U9ELY LIB]T>IAN POLITICS HAD TO BE ANTI-CAPITALI/1 AS BO? IT & ,/AL9ISM 0BO? SEEK TO SUBORD9ATE ! GREAT MAJORITY TO ! NE$S ( !IR RUL+ GR\PS4 ,! RUL]S ATTEMPT TO /AMP ( OB$I5CE & CON=MITY ON EV]Y ASPECT ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,9ITIATIVE1 9TELLECTUAL 9DEP5D5CE1 CREATIV5ESS >E CRU%$ & DESPIS$4 ,UNLESS MAN CAN DEVELOP TO ! FULL !SE -- HIS MO/ PRECI\S QUALITIES -- HE LIVES BUT HALF A LIVE4 ,M5 WANT TO BE MORE ?AN WELL-F$ S]VANTS4 ,! DESIRE TO BE FREE IS NOT A PI\S LIB]AL PHRASE1 BUT ! MO/ NOBLE ( MAN'S DESIRES4 ,! PRE-CONDITION ( ?IS FRE$OM IS1 ( C\RSE1 FRE$OM 9 ! FIELD ( PRODUCTION -- WORK]S' MANAGEM5T4 ,!RE CAN BE NO REAL FRE$OM & NO REAL FUTURE = HUMANITY 9 AN EXPLOIT+ SOCIETY4 ,! PA? TO FRE$OM LIES ?R\< ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION40 ,NO S]I\S AN>*I/ C\LD DISAGREE4 

,A KEY P>T ( HIS WORK WAS TO /UDY PA/ REVOLUTIONS1 P>TICUL>LY ! ,RUSSIAN1 9 ORD] LE>N FROM ! PA/ & NOT REPEAT IT4 ,?IS MEANT CRITIQU+ ,L59ISM4 ,BR9TON'S WORK IS IMPORTANT 9 ?AT1 :ILE COM+ FROM A ,L59I/ BACKGR\ND1 HE QUICKLY SAW ! LIMITATIONS NOT ONLY ( ?AT =M ( ,M>XISM BUT ,M>XISM AS SU* 79 ?IS HE WAS LIKE HIS MAJOR 9FLU5CE1 ,CA/ORIADIS74 ,:ILE 7RI<TLY7 NOT DISMISS+ ,M>X \T ( H&1 HE WAS N[ FREE1 AGA9 LIKE ,CA/ORIADIS1 TO EXPLORE IDEAS & CURR5T EV5TS )\T DRAGG+ ! DEADWEI<T ( HAV+ TO JU/IFY HIS 9SI<TS BY QUOT+ FROM ! BOOKS ( LONG DEAD ,G]MANS 7OR !IR APPROV$ FOLL[]S74 ,HAV+ COME ?R\< ! ,L59I/ MY?1 HE WAS WELL PLAC$ TO DE/ROY IT :I* HE DID 9 HIS MO/ IMPORTANT & 9FLU5TIAL WORK1 0,! ,BOL%EVIKS & ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL1 #a#i#a#g-#a#i#b#a3 ,! ,/ATE & ,C\NT]-,REVOLUTION40 

,?IS IS A SEM9AL WORK &1 LIKE ! WORK ( ,GOLDMAN1 ,B]KMAN1 ,VOL9E & ,>%9OV1 ,BR9TON'S MA/]PIECE ON ! ,BOL%EVIK C\NT]-REVOLUTION HAS BE5 CONFIRM$ BY SUBSEQU5T 9VE/IGATION & RESE>*4 ,9 GREAT DETAIL1 ,BR9TON DOCUM5TS ! ANTI-WORK] ECONOMIC POLICIES ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME & %[S BEYOND ANY D\BT !IR L9KS ) !IR PRE-REVOLUTION IDEAS ON :AT SOCIALISM1 WORK]S' CONTROL & SELF-MANAGEM5T W]E4 ,IT IS A V]Y WELL-RESE>*$ PIECE ( HI/ORY1 *RONICL+ ! ECONOMIC ASPECTS ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION & REC\NT+ ! BATTLES ?AT OCCURR$ 9 ! WORKPLACE BETWE5 DIFF]5T VISIONS ( SOCIALISM & :AT !Y MEANT 9 PRACTICE4 ,IT UTT]LY EXPLODES ! MY? ( ,BOL%EVISM1 %[+ ?AT CLAIMS TO BE BUILD+ 0WORK]S' P[]0 TO BE FALSE4 ,F> FROM CREAT+ A SOCIETY BAS$ ON SOCIALISM & FRE$OM1 ! ,BOL%EVIK VISION ( SOCIALISM HELP$ DE/ROY !IR POSSIBILITY4 ,HE TRACES ! ELIM9ATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN FACTORY COMMITTEES ( #a#i#a#g-#a#h & ! ROLE ,BOL%EVIK IDEOLOGY & POLICY PLAY$ 9 IT4 ,HE %[S ?AT ! /&>D CLAIM ?AT ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORIT>IANISM />T$ AS A RESULT ( ! CIVIL W> IS NOT SUPPORT$ BY ! FACTS4 

,HE SUMM>IZ$ HIS F9D+S3 

0!RE IS A CLE>-CUT & 9CONTROV]TIBLE L9K BETWE5 :AT HAPP5$ UND] ,L59 & ,TROTSKY & ! LAT] PRACTICES ( ,/AL9ISM4 ,WE KN[ ?AT MANY ON ! REVOLUTION>Y LEFT WILL F9D ?IS /ATEM5T H>D TO SWALL[4 ,WE >E CONV9C$ H[EV] ?AT ANY HONE/ READ+ ( ! FACTS CANNOT BUT LEAD TO ?IS CONCLUSION4 ,! MORE ONE UNE>?S AB\T ?IS P]IOD ! MORE DIFFICULT IT BECOMES TO DEF9E - OR EV5 TO SEE - ! 'GULF' ALLEG$LY SEP>AT+ :AT HAPP5$ 9 ,L59'S TIME FROM :AT HAPP5$ LAT]4 ,REAL KN[L$GE ( ! FACTS ALSO MAKES IT IMPOSSIBLE TO ACCEPT 444 ?AT ! :OLE C\RSE ( EV5TS WAS 'HI/ORICALLY 9EVITABLE' & 'OBJECTIVELY DET]M9$'4 ,BOL%EVIK IDEOLOGY & PRACTICE W]E !MSELVES IMPORTANT & SOMETIMES DECISIVE FACTORS 9 ! EQUATION1 AT EV]Y CRITICAL /AGE ( ?IS CRITICAL P]IOD4 ,N[ ?AT MORE FACTS >E AVAILABLE SELF-MY/IFICATION ON !SE ISSUES %\LD NO LONG] BE POSSIBLE4 ,%\LD ANY :O HAVE READ !SE PAGES REMA9 'CONFUS$' IT WILL BE BECAUSE !Y WANT TO REMA9 9 ?AT /ATE -- OR BECAUSE 7AS ! FUTURE B5EFICI>IES ( A SOCIETY SIMIL> TO ! ,RUSSIAN ONE7 IT IS !IR 9T]E/ TO REMA9 SO40 

,BR9TON1 QUITE RI<TLY1 >GUES ?AT WORK]S CANNOT BE FREE AS LONG AS !Y >E SUBJUGAT$ 9 PRODUCTION4 ,WORK]S CANNOT HAVE P[] 9 SOCIETY )\T HAV+ COMPLETE P[] OV] PRODUCTION4 ,AS HE PUT IT1 0! BASIC QUE/ION1 :O MANAGES PRODUCTION AFT] ! OV]?R[ ( ! B\RGEOISIE8 %\LD !RE=E N[ BECOME ! C5T] ( ANY S]I\S DISCUSSION AB\T SOCIALISM4 ,TODAY ! OLD EQUATION 7LIQUIDATION ( ! B\RGEOISIE EQUALS WORK]S' /ATE7 POPUL>IZ$ BY C\NTLESS ,L59I/S1 ,/AL9I/S & ,TROTSKYI/S IS JU/ NOT GOOD 5\<40 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 SOCIALISM HAS TO BE BAS$ ON SELF-MANAGEM5T O!RWISE IT W\LD BE /ATE CAPITALISM1 NO?+ MORE4 

,IT CANNOT BE /RESS$ 5\< H[ IMPORTANT & GR\ND-BREAK+ ?IS WORK IS4 ,BR9TON MADE CLE> ! DI/9CTION ( 0WORK]S' CONTROL0 & 0WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T40 ,! =M] IS BAS$ ON ! WORK]S HAV+ SOME SAY 9 ! DECISIONS O!RS MAKE ON !IR BEHALF1 ! LATT] DIRECTLY MAK+ ! DECISIONS ?AT AFFECT !M 9 PRODUCTION4 ,OBVI\SLY1 ONLY ! LATT] IS LIB]T>IAN & :ILE SOME AN>*I/S HAVE US$ ! T]M 0WORK]S' CONTROL0 !Y HAVE ALWAYS MEANT 0SELF-MANAGEM5T40 ,BR9TON %[S ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS AT NO TIME SUPPORT$ WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T & ONLY TOOK UP ! SLOGAN 0WORK]S' CONTROL0 TO GA9 9FLU5CE 9 ! WORKPLACE4 ,RA!R ?AN BASE ! NEW SOCIALI/ ECONOMY ON ! ORGANS WORK]S HAD CREAT$ !MSELVES1 AS AN>*I/S >GU$1 ,BOL%EVISM SAW !SE 7AT BE/7 PLAY+ A M9OR ROLE )9 AN ECONOMY /RUCTUR$ >\ND 9/ITUTIONS CREAT$ BY & 9H]IT$ FROM CAPITALISM4 ,AS ,BR9TON /RESS$1 0ONLY ! IGNORANT OR ?OSE WILL+ TO BE DECEIV$ CAN /ILL KID !MSELVES 9TO BELIEV+ ?AT PROLET>IAN P[] AT ! PO9T ( PRODUCTION WAS EV] A FUNDAM5TAL T5ET OR OBJECTIVE ( ,BOL%EVISM40 

,ALL ?IS IS NOT SOME ACADEMIC PO9T4 ,AS ,BR9TON NOT$ 9 0,! ,MALAISE ON ! ,LEFT01 :ILE 0V>I\S /R&S ( ,BOL%EVISM HAVE S\<T PO/HUM\SLY TO REHABILITATE ! CONCEPT ( 'WORK]S' CONTROL'0 ! FACTS %[ ?AT BETWE5 #aiag & #aiba 0ALL ATTEMPTS BY ! WORK+ CLASS TO ASS]T REAL P[] OV] PRODUCTION -- OR TO TRANSC5D ! N>R[ ROLE ALLOCAT$ BY TO IT BY ! ,P>TY -- W]E SMA%$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 AFT] FIR/ HAV+ BE5 D5\NC$ AS AN>*I/ OR AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ DEVIATIONS4 ,TODAY WORK]S' CONTROL IS PRES5T$ AS A SORT ( SUG> COAT+ TO ! PILL ( NATIONALIZATION ( EV]Y ,TROTSKYI/ OR ,L59I/ MICRO-BUREAUCRAT ON ! MAKE4 ,?OSE :O /RANGL$ ! VIABLE 9FANT >E N[ HAWK+ ! CORPSE >\ND 0 ,! SAME IS HAPP5+ TODAY1 ) ,L59I/S N[ PROCLAIM+ ) A /RAI<T FACE ?AT !Y /& = 0SELF-MANAGEM5T06 ,AS SU*1 REPR9T+ ,BR9TON'S CLASSIC WORK WILL PROVIDE G5U9E REVOLUTION>IES ) ! NECESS>Y FACTS & IDEAS TO COMBAT :AT ,BR9TON CALL$ ! 0TRADLEFT0 70TRADITIONAL LEFT07 :O1 !N AS N[1 9FE/ SOCIAL /RUGGLES & MOVEM5TS 9 ORD] TO USE !M TO EXP& !IR P>TY &1 9 ! PROCESS1 KILL !M (F -- :ILE1 IRONICALLY1 ALI5AT+ FROM SOCIALISM MO/ ( ?OSE !Y DO MANAGE TO RECRUIT4 

,NE$LESS TO SAY1 :AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS MEANT BY 0WORK]S' CONTROL0 & :AT ! WORK]S DID WAS RADICALLY AT ODDS4 ,9ITIALLY1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS SAW ?IS AS WORK]S 0CONTROLL+0 !IR BOSSES )9 ! CONTEXT ( G5]AL /ATE CONTROL ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY 7= ,L591 0/ATE CAPITALISM0 WAS AN 9EVITABLE & ESS5TIAL /AGE T[>DS SOCIALISM74 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 ?IS WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DIFF]5T FROM :AT ! FACTORY COMMITTEE MOVEM5T ?\<T ( AS 0WORK]S' CONTROL0 7OR1 = ?AT MATT]1 ! CASUAL OBS]V] TODAY74 ,ONCE 9 P[]1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS IMPOS$ !IR VISION ( ! T]M4 ,AS HI/ORIAN ,S4,A4 ,SMI? CORRECTLY SUMM>IZES 9 HIS 9 DEP? /UDY ( ! REVOLUTION 9 ,PETROGRAD'S WORKPLACES1 :ILE ! 0FACTORY COMMITTEES LAUN*$ ! SLOGAN ( WORK]S' CONTROL ( PRODUCTION QUITE 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY4 ,IT WAS NOT UNTIL ,MAY ?AT ! P>TY BEGAN TO TAKE IT UP0 ,L59 US$ 0! T]M 9 A V]Y DIFF]5T S5SE FROM ?AT ( ! FACTORY COMMITTEES40 ,HIS 0PROPOSALS 444 .<W]E.> ?OR\<LY /ATI/ & C5TRALI/ 9 *>ACT]1 :]EAS ! PRACTICE ( ! FACTORY COMMITTEES WAS ESS5TIALLY LOCAL & AUTONOM\S40 7,R$ ,PETROGRAD1 P4 #a#e#d7 

,IT SOON BECAME A CASE ( SOCIALISM BE+ BAS$ ON /ATE APPO9T$ MANAG]S 7:O W\LD BE GIV51 9 ,L59'S WORDS1 0DICTATORIAL0 P[]S7 & ALL TALK ( WORK]S' CONTROL WAS DROPP$ 9 FAVOR ( /ATE CONTROL & ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS1 AS ,L59 HAD PROMIS$1 BUILT FROM ! TOP-D[N !IR SY/EM ( 0UNIFI$ ADM9I/RATION0 BAS$ ON ! ,CZ>I/ SY/EM ( C5TRAL BODIES :I* GOV]N$ & REGULAT$ C]TA9 9DU/RIES DUR+ ! W>4 ,SO )9 SIX MON?S ( ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION1 ,L59 HAD REPLAC$ PRIVATE CAPITALISM ) /ATE CAPITALISM4 ,IT IS ?IS PROCESS1 & ITS IDEOLOGICAL ROOTS1 :I* ,BR9TON *RONICLES SO ABLY4 

,BR9TON'S PAMPHLET WAS 7& IS7 ESS5TIALLY IGNOR$ BY ! ,L59I/ LEFT1 = OBVI\S REASONS4 ,HIS REPLY TO ONE ATTEMPT TO REFUTE HIS ACC\NT IS 9CLUD$ 9 0,= ,WORK]S' ,P[]40 ,9 ! UNLIKELY EV5T ( O!R ,L59I/S TRY+ TO ADDRESS ,BR9TON'S >GUM5TS RA!R ?AN IGNORE !M1 ! /&>D ,L59I/ EXCUSE WILL PROBABLY BE TROTT$ \T1 NAMELY ACCUS+ HIM ( IGNOR+ ! BREAKD[N ( ,RUSSIAN 9DU/RY 9 ! P]IOD 9 QUE/ION4 ,?IS IS DONE PRESUMABLY 9 ! HOPE !RE W\LD BE A RELATION%IP BETWE5 ECONOMIC *AOS & ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORIT>IANISM4 ,H[EV]1 ! /R5G? ( ,BR9TON'S ACC\NT IS ?AT HE L9KS ! PRE- & PO/- REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS & POLICIES 9 ORD] TO %[ !IR SIMIL>ITIES4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! 9FAM\S 0OBJECTIVE CIRCUM/ANCES0 EXCUSE TROTT$ \T BY ,L59I/S FAILS TO REFUTE ,BR9TON'S WORK4 ,AS ! ,BOL%EVIKS !MSELVES /RESS$1 ! POLICIES IMPLEM5T$ W]E NOT EM]G5CY ONES IMPOS$ BY DIFFICULT CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,MOREOV]1 ,L59 7AT LEA/ 9 E>LY #a#i#a#h1 ! LA/ TIME IT WAS DISCUSS$7 MADE A PO9T ( >GU+ 7AGA9/ ! LEFT-COMMUNI/S7 ?AT HIS APP>5TLY NEW 0/ATE-CAPITALI/0 POLICIES HAD ALREADY BE5 EXPRESS$ BY HIM DUR+ #a#i#a#g6 

,& ! NET RESULT ( ,BOL%EVISM'S VISION ( A C5TRALIZ$ ECONOMY /RUCTUR$ >\ND ! 9/ITUTIONS CREAT$ UND] CAPITALISM8 ,PRETTY MU* A DISA/]1 AS ,SILVANA ,MALLE'S ,! ,ECONOMIC ,ORGANIZATION ( ,W> ,COMMUNISM1 #a#i#a#h-#a#i#b#a %[S4 ,IRONICALLY1 :ILE ! ,BOL%EVIKS 7& !IR LATT] DAY FOLL[]S7 BLAM$ WORK]S' CONTROL 79 P>T7 = ! T]RIBLE /ATE ( ! ECONOMY 7SO NECESSITAT+ ,BOL%EVIK POLICIES ( ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T1 ET AL7 ! OPPOSITE IS ! CASE4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK SY/EM QUICKLY DEMON/RAT$ H[ TO REALLY MISMANAGE AN ECONOMY AS !Y IMPOS$ A BUREAUCRATIC & UNRESPONSIVE SY/EM :I* WA/$ ! LOCAL KN[L$GE 9 ! GRASSROOTS 9 FAVOR ( ORD]S FROM ABOVE :I* W]E ISSU$ 9 IGNORANCE ( LOCAL CONDITIONS4 ,UNUS$ /OCK COEXI/$ ) ACUTE SC>CITY & ! C5T] UNABLE TO DET]M9E ! CORRECT PROPORTIONS REQUIR$ AT ! BASE4 ,UNF9I%$ PRODUCTS W]E TRANSF]R$ TO O!R REGIONS :ILE LOCAL FACTORIES W]E %UT D[N1 WA/$ BO? TIME & RES\RCES 7& GIV5 ! /ATE ( ! TRANSPORT NETWORK1 ?IS WAS A D\BLY 9EFFICI5T74 ,! 9EFFICI5CY ( C5TRAL F9ANC+ S]I\SLY JEOP>DIZ$ LOCAL ACTIVITY & ! C5T] HAD DISPLAY$ A GREAT DEAL ( CONS]VATISM & R\T9E ?9K+4 ,9 SPITE ( ! COMPLA9TS FROM BEL[1 ! ,COMMUNI/ LEAD]%IP CONT9U$ ON ITS POLICY ( C5TRALIZATION 79 FACT1 ! IDEOLOGY ( C5TRALIZATION WAS RE9=C$74 

,!RE >E FLAWS ) ! BOOK ( C\RSE4 ,:ILE ,BR9TON M5TION$ SOME POLITICAL DEVELOPM5TS 9 HIS *RONOLOGY1 HE FAIL$ TO 9T]L9K ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL POLICIES ( ,BOL%EVISM AS WELL AS HE C\LD HAVE4 ,?IS1 ( C\RSE1 W\LD HAVE 9CREAS$ ! L5G? ( ! BOOK CONSID]ABLY BUT ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORIT>IAN POLICIES W]E NOT LIMIT$ TO JU/ UND]M9+ ECONOMIC DEMOCRACY4 ,TO BE FAIR1 S\RCE MAT]IAL WAS NOT AS AVAILABLE !N AS IT IS N[ 7,ISRAEL ,GETZL]'S 0,M>TOV0 & ,LEON>D ,S*APIRO'S 0,! ,ORIG9 ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,AUTOCRACY0 CONTA9$ SOME RELEVANT 9=MATION ON ?IS MATT]74 ,TODAY1 ,BR9TON'S ACC\NT CAN BE SUPPLEM5T$ BY SUBSEQU5T WORK :I* DISCUSSES ! ,BOL%EVIK ONSLAU<T ON SOVIET DEMOCRACY 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#a#h1 = EXAMPLE 7,VLADIMIR ,BROVK9'S 0,! ,M5%EVIKS ,AFT] ,OCTOB]0 PROVIDES A GOOD SUMM>Y74 ,SIMIL>LY1 AT ! TIME !RE WAS LITTLE S\RCE MAT]IAL ON WORK+ CLASS RESI/ANCE TO1 & ORGANIZATION AGA9/1 ,BOL%EVISM4 ,TODAY1 ?AT IS NOT ! CASE4 ,!RE >E MANY WORKS AVAILABLE :I* ACC\NT1 9 V>Y+ DEGREES ( DETAIL1 WORK]S RESI/ANCE TO ! 0WORK]S'0 /ATE & 0REVOLUTION>Y0 GOV]NM5T 7,JONA?AN ,AVES' 0,WORK]S ,AGA9/ ,L590 BE+ ! BE/ ONE74 ,!SE %[ BEYOND D\BT ?AT ! /&>D ,L59I/ ACC\NT ( AN 0ATOMIZ$0 OR 0DECLASS$0 WORK+ CLASS IS FALSE4 ,SIMPLY PUT1 SU* A WORK+ CLASS DOES NOT CONDUCT G5]AL /RIKES NOR NE$ M>TIAL LAW TO TAME4 

,9 SUMM>Y1 SUBSEQU5T RESE>* HAS /R5G!N$ ,BR9TON'S ANALYSIS RA!R ?AN REFUT$ IT4 ,! SAME CANNOT BE SAID ( ! V>I\S ,L59I/ HAGIOGRAPHIES WRITT5 AT >\ND ! SAME TIME 7OR S9CE74 

,!N !RE IS HIS OBVI\S SYMPA?Y ) SU* DISSID5T ,BOL%EVIKS AS ! #aiah ,LEFT ,COMMUNI/S 7,L,C7 & ! #a#i#b-#a ,WORK]S ,OPPOSITION 7,W,O74 ,BY CONC5TRAT+ ON !IR ECONOMIC IDEAS1 ,BR9TON FAILS TO SEE H[ !IR POLITICAL VISION 7P>TICUL>LY ON ! ROLE ( ! P>TY7 UND]M9$ !IR SOCIALI/ CR$5TIALS4 ,= ! ,L,C1 LIKE ANY ,BOL%EVIK1 ! P>TY PLAY$ ! KEY ROLE4 ,AS ONE ,LEFT ,COMMUNI/ PUT IT1 ! ONLY TRUE BA/ION ( ! 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IAT WAS ! P>TY :I* 0IS 9 EV]Y CASE & EV]Y:]E SUP]IOR TO ! SOVIETS 444 ,! SOVIETS REPRES5T LABOR+ DEMOCRACY 9 G5]AL2 & ITS 9T]E/1 & 9 P>TICUL> ! 9T]E/S ( ! PETTY B\RGEOIS PEASANTRY1 DO NOT ALWAYS CO9CIDE ) ! 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IAT40 7QUOT$ BY ,RI*>D ,SAKWA1 ,SOVIET ,COMMUNI/S 9 ,P[]1 P4 #a#h#b74 ,?US1 ACCORD+ TO ! ONLY 9 DEP? /UDY ( ! ,L,C1 !IR 0CALL = A REVIV$ SOVIET DEMOCRACY WAS BECOM+ VITIAT$ BY ! DOM9ANT ROLE ASSIGN$1 9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS1 TO ! P>TY0 7,RONALD ,I4 ,K[ALSKI1 ,! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY 9 ,CONFLICT1 P4 #a#c#f7 ,?US !IR POLITICS W]E JU/ AS AU?ORIT>IAN AS ! MA9/REAM ,BOL%EVISM !Y ATTACK$ ON ECONOMIC ISSUES4 

,! SAME CAN BE SAID ( ! ,W,O4 ,:ILE ,BR9TON /ATES ?AT !Y & ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS HAD MU* 9 COMMON1 ! FACTS >E DIFF]5T -- !Y DID NOT %>E ! SAME VISION4 ,TRUE1 ! ,W,O DID SEE AN 9CREAS$ ROLE = TRADE UNIONS )9 ! ,SOVIET REGIME BUT NOT AT ! EXP5SE ( P>TY P[]4 ,LIKE !IR OPPON5TS )9 ! ,C,P1 !Y /OOD = P>TY DICTATOR%IP & ! GUID+ ROLE ( ! P>TY 9 ! UNIONS & ONLY DIFF]$ 9 ?AT !Y WANT$ 9CREAS$ DEMOCRACY & FRE$OM )9 ! P>TY & AN 9CREAS$ ROLE = ! TRADE UNIONS 9 PRODUCTION4 7,LEON>D ,S*APIRO1 ,! ,ORIG9 ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,AUTOCRACY1 P4 #b#i#d7 ,9 CONTRA/1 ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS /OOD = G5U9E WORK]S' DEMOCRACY 9 BO? ECONOMIC & POLITICAL SPH]ES & HAD MO/ 9 COMMON ) ! ,S,R-,MAXIMALI/S1 A POLITICAL GR\P+ POPUL> 9 ,KRON/ADT DUR+ #aiag :OSE POLITICS W]E BETWE5 ! ,LEFT-,S,RS & ! AN>*I/S4 ,AS SU*1 :ILE ,BR9TON WAS PUZZL$ BY MEMB]S ( ! ,W,O HELP+ TO /ORM ,KRON/ADT1 ! CONTRADICTION IS MORE APP>5T ?AN REAL4 

,IT W\LD ALSO HAVE BE5 USEFUL = ,BR9TON TO L9K ,BOL%EVIK IDEOLOGY & POLICY TO ! ,M>XI/ TRADITION4 ,LOOK+ AT ,L59'S PRON\NCEM5TS ( E>LY #a#i#a#h1 IT IS NOT DIFFICULT TO SEE :]E HE GOT !M FROM -- ! SAME /UPIDITIES CAN BE F\ND 9 ,5GELS' 9FAM\S DIATRIBE AGA9/ AN>*ISM 0,ON ,AU?ORITY40 ,SADLY1 ,BR9TON T5D$ TO DI/ANCE HIMSELF FROM AN>*ISM & ! 9SI<TS IT (F]S TO G5U9E REVOLUTION>IES4 ,IF HE HAD BE5 BETT] ACQUA9T$ )1 SAY1 ,KROPOTK9 HE W\LD HAVE BE5 AW>E ?AT HE HAD PR$ICT$ MANY ( ! PROBLEMS FAC+ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 7SU* AS ISOLATION1 ECONOMIC DISRUPTION1 MASS UNEMPLOYM5T7 & HAD SUGGE/$ SOLUTIONS TO !M 7ROOT$ 9 ! MASS P>TICIPATION & POPUL> SELF-ORGANIZATION ,BR9TON'S [N POLITICS >E74 ,:ILE ES*EW+ ! AN>*I/ LABEL MAY HAVE ALL[$ HIM TO AVOID ! PETTY & SILLY >GUM5TS ?AT SO FREQU5T :AT PASSES = AN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ! ,U,K1 IT ALSO 5SUR$ ?AT A RI* S\RCE ( REALI/IC REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS WAS EFFECTIVELY IGNOR$4 ,?IS IGNORANCE /ILL EXI/S TODAY AS CAN BE SE5 :5 ,M>XI/S CLAIM ?AT AN>*I/S ?9K ?AT LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM CAN BE CREAT$ OV]NI<T4 ,9 REALITY1 ,KROPOTK9 RIDICUL$ ?AT NOTION & /RESS$ ! DIFFICULTIES ANY REVOLT W\LD FACE4 

,SO :ILE HIS POLITICS W]E EXTREMELY CLOSE TO COMMUNI/-AN>*ISM 7$ITOR ,DAVID ,GOODWAY CALLS !M 0FULLY AN>*I/0 9 HIS EXCELL5T 9TRODUCTION71 ,BR9TON'S P]SPECTIVES ON AN>*ISM W]E TOO %AD$ BY HIS ,L59I/ BACKGR\ND 7&1 UN=TUNATELY1 ! /ATE ( ! ,U,K AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ! #a#i#fS & #gS DID LITTLE TO DISABUSE HIM ( SU* OP9IONS74 ,?IS CAN BE SE5 FROM HIS REVIEW ( ,PAUL ,AVRI*'S BOOK 0,! ,RUSSIAN ,AN>*I/S40 ,:ILE HE IS RI<T TO BEMOAN ! ANTI-ORGANIZATIONAL & ANTI-!ORETICAL T5D5CIES ( ,RUSSIAN AN>*ISM 7SOME?+ ALL TOO COMMONLY %>$ 9 ! ,5GLI% SPEAK+ AN>*I/ MOVEM5T71 HE DOES GET BASIC ?+S WRONG1 LIKE ,KROPOTK9'S IDEAS ON ! ROLE ( 0,MUTUAL ,AID0 9 SOCIETY 7HIS COMM5T ON ,KROPOTK9 0IDEALIS.<+.> ! AUTONOM\S SOCIAL UNITS ( A BYGONE AGE0 IS EQUALLY ILL-9=M$74 

,BR9TON'S DISMISSAL ( ,KROPOTK9 IS BAS$ ON ,AVRI*'S SUMM>Y ( HIS IDEAS RA!R ?AN A READ+ ( ! S\RCE MAT]IAL4 ,:ILE ,BR9TON QUOTES ,AVRI* MA9TA9+ ?AT1 = ,KROPOTK91 0COOP]ATION RA!R ?AN CONFLICT IS AT ! ROOT ( ! HI/ORICAL PROCESS0 ! FACT IS ,KROPOTK9 SAID NO SU* ?+4 ,9 REALITY1 ,KROPOTK9 /RESS$ ?AT MUTUAL AID WAS A FACTOR 9 EVOLUTION ALONG ) MUTUAL /RUGGLE4 ,AT NO TIME DID HE D5Y ! ROLE ( /RUGGLE1 9 FACT ! OPPOSITE4 ,9 0,MUTUAL ,AID0 ITSELF HE /RESS$ ?AT ! BOOK'S EXAMPLES CONC5TRAT$ ON MUTUAL AID SIMPLY BECAUSE MUTUAL /RUGGLE 7BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS ( ! SAME SPECIES7 HAD BE5 EMPHASIZ$ SO MU* 9 BIOLOGY ?AT HE FELT NO NE$ TO ILLU/RATE IT4 ,HE DID NOTE ?AT BAS$ ON ! F9D+S HE SUMM>IZ$ ! RELATIVE IMPORTANCE ( EA* FACTOR MAY HAVE TO BE REVIEW$ BUT AT NO /AGE DID HE D5Y EI!R FACTOR 7UNLIKE ! B\RGEOIS APOLOGI/S HE WAS REFUT+74 

,EQUALLY1 REG>DLESS ( :AT ,BR9TON ?\<T 0,MUTUAL ,AID0 WAS NOT AMONG ,KROPOTK9'S 0E>LI]0 WRIT+S4 ,HIS ACTUAL E>LIE/ WRIT+S 7AS COMPIL$ 9 0,WORDS ( A ,REBEL01 0,CONQUE/ ( ,BREAD0 &1 MORE REC5TLY1 0,ACT = ,Y\RSELVES07 >E CLE>LY BAS$ ON CLASS /RUGGLE & ONLY SOMEONE :O HAD NEV] READ ,KROPOTK9 C\LD CLAIM1 AS ,BR9TON DID1 ?AT HIS 0AIM IS TO CONV9CE & REASON ) 7RA!R ?AN TO OV]?R[7 ?OSE :O OPPRESS ! MASSES0 & ?AT HE /OOD = 0A COOP]ATION ?AT CLE>LY TRANSC5D$ ! B>RI]S ( CLASS40 ,! REALITY IS DIFF]5T4 ,TO QUOTE ONE ( ,KROPOTK9'S 0E>LI]0 WORKS3 0,:AT SOLID>ITY CAN EXI/ BETWE5 ! CAPITALI/ & ! WORK] HE EXPLOITS8 ,BETWE5 ! HEAD ( AN >MY & ! SOLDI]8 ,BETWE5 ! GOV]N+ & ! GOV]N$80 7,WORDS ( A ,REBEL1 P4 #c7 ,CLE>LY ,KROPOTK9 WAS WELL AW>E ?AT COOP]ATION C\LD NOT BE APPLI$ BETWE5 CLASSES4 

,EV5 0,MUTUAL ,AID0 7:I* WAS ESS5TIALLY A WORK ( POPUL> SCI5CE RA!R ?AN A BOOK ( REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ PROPAG&A7 WAS NOT BL9D TO ! IMPORTANCE ( SOCIAL /RUGGLE1 HI<LI<T+ AS IT DID TRADE UNIONS & /RIKES WAS EXAMPLES ( 0! WORK]S' NE$ ( MUTUAL SUPPORT0 7ONE :I* DEVELOP$ 9 ! FACE ( EXT5SIVE /ATE REPRESSION74 ,NOR WAS IT BL9D TO ! FACT ?AT 9DIVIDUALS /RUGGLE 0TO ATTA9 P]SONAL OR CA/E SUP]IORITY0 BUT SIMPLY NOT$ ?AT !SE 0CONFLICTS 444 HAVE BE5 ANALYZ$1 DESCRIB$1 & GLORIFI$ FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL0 & SO HI/ORY1 0SU* AS IT HAS HI!RTO BE5 WRITT51 IS ALMO/ 5TIRELY A DESCRIPTION ( ! WAYS & MEANS BY :I* !OCRACY1 MILIT>Y P[]1 AUTOCRACY1 & 444! RI*] CLASSES' RULE HAVE BE5 PROMOT$1 E/ABLI%$1 & MA9TA9$40 ,SOCIAL PROGRESS LAY 9 ! PRACTICES & ORGANIZATIONS ( ! OPPRESS$ = 09 SO F> AS0 AS NEW 0ECONOMICAL & SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS0 W]E 0A CREATION ( ! MASSES0 !Y 0HAVE ALL ORIG9AT$ FROM ! SAME S\RCE0 ( MUTUAL AID4 7,MUTUAL ,AID1 P4 #b#a#c1 P4 #b#c#a1 P4 #a#h7 ,!SE >E H>DLY ! COMM5TS ( SOMEONE :O IGNOR$ CLASS CONFLICT & ! ROLE IT PLAY$ 9 SOCIETY6 

,BR9TON DOES PROVIDE A QUOTE FROM 0,MUTUAL ,AID0 TO BOL/] HIS >GUM5T1 BUT ?AT IS TAK5 \T ( CONTEXT4 ,RA!R ?AN /RESS ! NE$ = 9T]-CLASS SOLID>ITY1 AS ,BR9TON CLAIM$1 ,KROPOTK9 WAS 9 FACT EXPLA9+ :Y MEMB]S ( ! RUL+ & MIDDLE CLASSES TURN !IR BACK ON CAPITALI/ MORALITY & BECOME PHILAN?ROPI/S1 RE=M]S OR 7LIKE ,KROPOTK9 & ,BR9TON HIMSELF7 REVOLUTION>IES4 ,?US1 ,KROPOTK9 >GU$1 FEEL+S ( HUMAN SOLID>ITY CAN SURFACE 9 EV5 ! MO/ UNLIKELY ( PLACES1 9CLUD+ ?OSE :O HAVE B5EFIT$ FROM ! CURR5T COMPETITIVE SY/EM4 ,H[EV]1 ! FOCUS ( HIS ?OSE P>TS ( 0,MUTUAL ,AID0 :I* DEALT ) HUMANITY WAS ON POPUL> ORGANIZATION ( SOLID>ITY & H[ IT EXPRESS$ ITSELF AT DIFF]5T TIMES4 ,AS P>T ( ?IS1 ,KROPOTK9 %[$ H[ !SE 9/ITUTIONS *ANG$ 9 ! FACE ( *ANGES 9 ! SOCIETY 7I4E4 DUE TO ! RISE ( CLASSES & HI]>*IES & POPUL> RESI/ANCE TO !M74 

,:ILE ?IS MAY SE5 AN 9CR$IBLY TRIVIAL PO9T1 ?IS MISUND]/&+ 7OR IGNORANCE7 ( ,KROPOTK9'S >GUM5TS 9 0,MUTUAL ,AID0 DOES SEEM TO CROP UP :5EV] ,L59I/S TRY TO ADDRESS AN>*I/ IDEAS 7A CLASSIC EXAMPLE W\LD BE ! ,S,W,P'S ,PAT ,/ACK & HIS EMB>RASS+LY 9ACCURATE DIATRIBE 0,AN>*Y 9 ! ,U,K80 :I* APPE>$ A FEW YE>S BACK 9 0,SOCIALI/ ,REVIEW074 ,AS SU*1 CL>IFY+ ! FACTS ( ! MATT] MAY HELP AN>*I/S TO C\NT] SU* NONS5SE :5 IT IS REPEAT$ 9 ! FUTURE 7AS IT WILL BE1 REG>DLESS ( H[ MANY TIMES IT IS REFUT$74 ,IT IS A %AME ?AT ,BR9TON1 LIKE ! ,L59I/S HE HAD SO REC5TLY LEFT1 DID NOT BO!R TO ACQUA9T HIMSELF ) AN>*I/ IDEAS BE=E DECID+ TO ATTACK !M4 

,BR9TON1 LIKE ,SOLID>ITY AS A :OLE1 WAS M>K$ BY HIS COMPLETE REJECTION ( ,L59ISM & ! CONCEPT ( ! VANGU>D P>TY4 ,9/EAD1 LIKE HIS 9TELLECTUAL M5TOR ,CORNELIAS ,CA/ORIADIS & ! C\NCIL COMMUNI/S1 HE ADVOCAT$ ( WORK]S C\NCILS AS BO? ! MEANS TO FI<T CAPITALISM & ! BASIC BUILD+ BLOCKS ( A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 ,9 ?IS1 HIS IDEAS E*O ! BE/ TRADITIONS ( AN>*ISM RA!R ?AN ,M>XISM 7IT WAS ,BAKUN9 & ! LIB]T>IAN W+ ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL :O FIR/ RAIS$ ?IS IDEA 9 ! #a#h#fS74 ,IT TOOK ,M>XI/S UNTIL #aiag BE=E A 0C\NCILI/0 9T]PRETATION ( ,M>X'S IDEAS ON ! /ATE BECAME MA9/REAM )9 IT ?ANKS1 IRONICALLY1 TO ,L59'S 0,/ATE & ,REVOLUTION0 7NE$LESS TO SAY1 ?AT BOOK'S LIB]T>IAN RHETORIC WAS QUICKLY JETTISON$ ONCE ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E 9 P[]74 ,BE=E !N1 ! DOM9ANT IDEA WAS ?AT A WORK]S' P>TY W\LD BE ELECT$ TO P[] DEMOCRATICALLY & ! /ATE MA*9E DE/ROY$ BY DECREE 7?IS 9T]PRETATION1 IT %\LD BE SAID1 HAS F> MORE SUPPORT 9 ,M>X & ,5GELS ?AN ,L59'S HI<LY SELECTIVE ACC\NT W\LD SUGGE/74 

,SOME HAVE ATTACK$ ?IS 0C\NCILI/0 VISION ( REVOLUTION>Y TRANSITION AS BE+ 0SELF-EXPLOITATION0 OR 0SELF-MANAG$ CAPITALISM40 ,O!RS HAVE >GU$ ?AT SELF-MANAGEM5T IS NOT A KEY ASPECT ( SOCIALISM BECAUSE IT IS NOT 9H]5TLY SOCIALI/4 ,BR9TON HIMSELF EFFECTIVELY ANSW]$ ! LATT] CLAIM BY NOT+ ?AT :ILE ONE 0C\LD CONCEIVE ( SELF-MANAGEM5T )\T SOCIALISM0 IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO 0IMAG9E ANY SOCIALISM WOR? LIV+ UND] )\T SELF-MANAG$ 9DIVIDUALS1 COLLECTIVES & 9/ITUTIONS444 ,:O1 IF NOT ?OSE DIRECTLY 9VOLV$1 W\LD HAVE ! GREATE/ SAY 9 ! FUNDAM5TAL DECISIONS8 ,& H[ W\LD SU* A NON-SELF-MANAG$ 'SOCIALI/' SOCIETY DIFF] FROM ALL ! MON/R\S SOCIETIES WE SEE >\ND US TODAY1 SOCIETIES 9 :I* M9ORITIES TAKE ALL ! FUNDAM5TAL DECISIONS1 & -- ?R\< !IR ACCESS TOM 9=MATION & P[] -- P]PETUATE !IR [N PRIVILEGES80 

,AS = ! 0SELF-EXPLOITATION0 >GUM5T1 ?IS H>DLY MAKES S5SE FROM A SOCIALI/ P]SPECTIVE4 ,YES1 BAS+ Y\R IDEAS ON TRANSITION ON A M>KET SY/EM ) SELF-MANAG$ ECONOMIC UNITS MAY RESULT 9 UNPLEASANT CONSEQU5CES 7= EXAMPLE1 COMPETITION RESULT+ 9 LONG] & H>D] WORK+ H\RS OR DRIV+ ! ACCUMULATION ( MEANS ( PRODUCTION7 BUT IT IS H>DLY EXPLOITATIVE 9 ! SOCIALI/ S5SE4 ,?IS IS BECAUSE WORK]S >E CONTROLL+ BO? !IR LABOR & ITS PRODUCT4 ,AS SU*1 IT IS NOT CAPITALISM :I*1 AS BO? ,PR\DHON & ,M>X /RESS$1 REQUIRES ! REPLACEM5T ( SELF-EMPLOYM5T ) WAGE LABOR4 ,GIV5 ?AT NO REVOLUTION HAS SUCCE$$ 9 IMM$IATELY ABOLI%+ MONEY & ?AT ANY FUTURE REVOLUTION WILL NOT BE AS P]FECT AS SOME W\LD LIKE1 ,BR9TON'S & ,CA/ORIADIS'S POSITION WAS S5SIBLE AS A />T+ PO9T4 

,BR9TON CORRECTLY /RESS$ ?AT WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE1 DUE TO !IR POSITION 9 SOCIETY1 RESI/$ HI]>*Y &1 AS A CONSEQU5CE ( !IR EXP]I5CES1 C\LD DRAW REVOLUTION>Y CONCLUSION 7HELP$1 ( C\RSE1 BY ?OSE :O HAD ALREADY MADE ?AT J\RNEY74 ,AS A NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS P]SPECTIVE1 HE RI<TLY VIEW$ A REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION AS AN 9/RUM5T ?AT WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE C\LD USE TO TRANS=M SOCIETY RA!R ?AN SEEK+ TO LEAD !M4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! BASIC AN>*I/ IDEA ( REVOLUTION>IES 9FLU5C+ ! CLASS /RUGGLE AS EQUALS RA!R ?AN AS REPOSITORIES ( ! CORRECT REVOLUTION>Y IDEOLOGY :I* O!RS %\LD FOLL[ 7:E!R !Y WANT TO OR NOT74 ,AS ,BOL%EVISM %[$1 ! LATT] M5TALITY LEADS TO ! 9EVITABLE SUB/ITUTION ( P>TY P[] = WORK]S P[]4 

,SIMIL>LY1 HE WAS CORRECT TO /RESS ?AT ANY REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION %\LD TRY TO PREFIGURE AS MU* AS POSSIBLE ! FUTURE SOCIETY WE WANT 9 ITS /RUCTURE & DECISION-MAK+1 9 O!R WORDS BY PRACTIC+ 0SELF-MANAGEM5T40 ,AGA91 ! SIMIL>ITIES ) AN>*ISM >E CLE>4 ,F9ALLY1 ,BR9TON WAS RI<T TO >GUE ?AT A G5U9ELY LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION HAD TO 5C\RAGE PEOPLE TO RELY ON !IR [N EF=TS RA!R ?AN TRU/ 9 LEAD]S4 ,AS HE PUT IT1 0,WE CONSID] IRRATIONAL 7&_/OR DI%ONE/7 ?AT ?OSE :O TALK MO/ ( ! MASSES 7& ( ! CAPACITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS TO CREATE A NEW SOCIETY7 %\LD HAVE ! LEA/ CONFID5CE 9 PEOPLE'S ABILITY TO DISP5SE ) LEAD]S40 70,AS ,WE ,DON'T ,SEE ,IT07 

,HIS DISMISSAL ( ,L59I/ ORGANIZATION 9 ! ESSAY 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,ORGANIZATION0 IS %ORT BUT DEVA/AT+4 ,HE NOTES ?AT :ILE ,L59I/S >GUE ?AT 0TO FI<T ! HI<LY C5TRALIZ$ =CES ( MOD]N CAPITALISM REQUIRES AN EQUALLY C5TRALIZ$ TYPE ( P>TY0 ?IS 0IGNORES ! FACT ?AT CAPITALI/ C5TRALIZATION IS BAS$ ON CO]CION & =CE & ! EXCLUSION ( ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION FROM P>TICIPAT+ 9 ANY ( ITS DECISIONS40 ,EQUALLY1 :ILE ,L59I/S CLAIM ?AT SU* ORGANIZATIONS >E ROBU/ UND] /ATE REPRESSION 9 REALITY !Y >E 0P>TICUL>LY VULN]ABLE TO POLICE P]SECUTION0 = :5 0ALL P[] IS CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! H&S ( ! LEAD]S1 !IR >RE/ IMM$IATELY P>ALYZES ! :OLE ORGANIZATION 444,) !IR USUAL 9CONSI/5CY1 ! ,TROTSKYI/S EV5 EXPLA9 ! DEMISE ( !IR ,WRE/]N ,EUROPEAN SECTIONS DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I BY TELL+ PEOPLE H[ !IR LEAD]S W]E MURD]$ BY ! ,GE/APO60 

,!RE >E ASPECTS ( ?IS BOOK :I* %[ ITS AGE4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ASSUMPTION1 SO COMMON BE=E ! #a#i#hS1 ?AT ,RUSSIAN-/YLE /ATE CAPITALISM WAS A MORE RATIONAL & ADVANC$ =M ( CAPITALISM4 ,LOOK+ BACK1 ?IS WAS OBVI\SLY NOT ! CASE4 ,BUREAUCRATIC WA/E & 9EFFICI5CY M>K$ ! ,L59I/_/,/AL9I/ SY/EM FROM ! />T 7ANY S]I\S ACC\NT ( ,L59'S 0,W> ,COMMUNI/0 REGIME CANNOT BUT CONCLUDE ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK DOGMA ( C5TRALIZATION MADE MATT]S MU* WORSE74 ,( C\RSE1 ?IS WAS OBSCUR$ BY ! RAPID 9DU/RIALIZATION ( ,RUSSIA UND] ,/AL9 & ANTI-,SOVIET PROPAG&A BY ,WE/]N /ATES TO JU/IFY !IR [N SPY+ & WEAPONS BUDGETS 7AN HONE/ ACC\NT ( ! FAIL+S ( ,/AL9ISM W\LD H>DLY PROVOKE ! FE> REQUIR$74 ,!N !RE IS ! NOTION1 AGA9 SO COMMON BE=E #a#i#g#d1 ?AT ,KEYNESIANISM HAD 5SUR$ ?AT MAJOR ECONOMIC CRISES )9 CAPITALISM HAD BE5 SOLV$4 ,BR9TON1 TO HIS CR$IT1 REVIS$ HIS VIEWS ON ?IS & BY ! E>LY #a#i#hS SAW ! LIMITATIONS 9 ,CA/ORIADIS'S IDEAS :I* W]E BAS$ ON ?IS P]SPECTIVE 79 #aigd HE D5I$ ?AT CAPITALISM FAC$ A CRISIS74 ,BR9TON DID1 H[EV]1 KEEP ! VALID CORE ( ,CA/ORIADIS'S ECONOMIC ANALYSIS & CONT9U$ TO /RESS ?AT CLASS /RUGGLE WAS ! REAL S\RCE ( CAPITALISM'S PROBLEMS & CAPITALI/ POLICIES EVOLVE TO COMBAT IT 7AS CAN BE SE51 = EXAMPLE1 FROM ! RISE & FALL ( ,MONET>ISM1 = EXAMPLE74 

,ULTIMATELY1 !SE >E M9OR ISSUES4 ,! CORE IDEAS ( ,BR9TON 9 T]MS ( ! IMPORTANCE ( SELF-MANAGEM5T1 ! NE$ = REVOLUTION>Y !ORY & PRACTICE TO TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ALL ASPECTS ( HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY1 HIS CONSI/5CY & LOGIC1 REMA9 AS RELEVANT TODAY AS :5 !Y W]E WRITT54 ,AN>*I/S HAVE A LOT TO GA9 FROM READ+ ?IS COLLECTION & ,A,K ,PRESS %\LD BE APPLAUD$ = MAK+ IT AVAILABLE = A NEW G5]ATION ( LIB]T>IAN ACTIVI/S TO READ &1 HOPEFULLY1 APPLY4 

,MAURICE ,BR9TON1 ,= ,WORK]S' ,P[]1 ,DAVID ,GOODWAY 7,$471 ,A,K ,PRESS1 ,I,S,B,N3 #a#i#d#h#e#i#g1 #bd 

,BIBLIOGRAPHY3 

,AVES1 ,JONA?AN1 ,WORK]S ,AGA9/ ,L593 ,LABOR ,PROTE/ & ! ,BOL%EVIK ,DICTATOR%IP1 ,TAURIS ,ACADEMIC ,/UDIES1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#i#f4 

,BROVK91 ,VLADIMIR ,N41 ,! ,M5%EVIKS ,AFT] ,OCTOB]3 ,SOCIALI/ ,OPPOSITION & ! ,RISE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,DICTATOR%IP1 ,CORNELL ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 ,I?ACA1 #a#i#h#g4 

,CA/ORIADIS1 ,CORNELIUS1 ,POLITICAL & ,SOCIAL ,WRIT+S 79 ?REE VOLUMES71 TRANSLAT$ & $IT$ BY ,DAVID ,AMES ,CURTIS1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,M9NESOTA ,PRESS1 ,M9NEAPOLIS1 #a#i#h#h-#i#c4 

,GETZL]1 ,ISRAEL1 ,M>TOV3 ,A ,POLITICAL ,BIOGRAPHY ( A ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRAT1 ,MELB\RNE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 ,C>LTON1 #a#i#f#g4 

,K[ALSKI1 ,RONALD ,I41 ,! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY 9 ,CONFLICT3 ! LEFT COMMUNI/ OPPOSITION ( #a#i#a#h1 ,MACMILLAN1 ,BAS+/OKE1 #a#i#i4 

,KROPOTK91 ,PET]1 ,MUTUAL ,AID3 ,A ,FACTOR ( ,EVOLUTION1 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#h#g4 

,KROPOTK91 ,PET]1 ,WORDS ( A ,REBEL1 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 ,MONTREAL1 #a#i#i#b4 

,MALLE1 ,SILVANA1 ,! ,ECONOMIC ,ORGANIZATION ( ,W> ,COMMUNISM1 #a#i#a#h-#a#i#b#a1 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 ,CAMBRIDGE1 #a#i#h#e4 

,SAKWA1 ,RI*>D1 ,SOVIET ,COMMUNI/S 9 ,P[]3 A /UDY ( ,MOSC[ DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 #a#i#a#h-#b#a1 ,MACMILLAN1 ,BAS+/OKE1 #a#i#h#g4 

,SMI?1 ,S4,A41 ,R$ ,PETROGRAD3 ,REVOLUTION 9 ! ,FACTORIES #a#i#a#g-#a#i#a#h1 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 ,CAMBRIDGE1 #a#i#h#c4 

,S*APIRO1 ,LEON>D1 ,! ,ORIG9 ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,AUTOCRACY3 ,POLITICAL ,OPPOSITION 9 ! ,SOVIET ,/ATE3 ,! ,FIR/ ,PHASE1 #a#i#a#g-#a#i#b#b1 ,FR$]ICK ,A4 ,PRAEG]1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#f#e4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,MAURICE ,BR9TON'S 0,= ,WORK]S' ,P[]0 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,MAURICE ,BR9TON'S 0,= ,WORK]S' ,P[]0 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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