,*APT] #f ,ACCUMULATION & ! ,FALL+ ,RATE ( ,PR(IT ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK ,TEXT 3 ,M>X WAS NOT P>TICUL>LY 9T]E/$ 9 DEMON/RAT+ ! VIABILITY ( AN>*IC CAPITALISM4 ,HIS CONC]N ) ! LAW ( VALUE RELATES TO HIS 0ULTIMATE AIM TO LAY B>E ! ECONOMIC LAWS ( MOTION ( MOD]N SOCIETY40.<#a.> ,! BE/ PO9TS 9 ,CAPITAL1 ,M>X WROTE TO ,5GELS1 0>E #a7 ! TW(OLD *>ACT] ( LABOR1 ACCORD+ TO :E!R IT IS EXPRESS$ 9 USE-VALUE OR EX*ANGE-VALUE 7ALL UND]/&+ ( ! FACTS DEP5DS UPON ?IS72 &1 #b7 ! TREATM5T ( SURPLUS-VALUE 9DEP5D5TLY ( ITS P>TICUL> =MS ( PR(IT1 9T]E/1 GR\NDR5T1 ETC40.<#b.> ,! TW(OLD *>ACT] ( LABOR-P[] IS1 ( C\RSE1 ! EQUIVAL5T ( ! SOCIAL RELATIONS ( CAPITAL PRODUCTION AS A PRODUCTION ( SURPLUS-VALUE4 ,& ! 9DEP5D5T TREATM5T ( SURPLUS-VALUE PO9TS TO ?IS BASIC SOCIAL RELATION%IP1 :I* LIES HIDD5 BEH9D ! V>I\S CATEGORIES 9 :I* SURPLUS-VALUE IS SPLIT UP AMONG ITS V>I\S APPROPRIATORS4 ,CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION IS PRODUCTION ( EX*ANGE-VALUE BY WAY ( PRODUCTION ( COMMODITIES4 ,ITS GOAL IS SURPLUS-VALUE AS ADDITIONAL EX*ANGE-VALUE4 ,SURPLUS-VALUE IS ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! EX*ANGE-VALUE ( LABOR P[] & ITS ACTUAL PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY4 ,IT IS ! TIME RELATION BETWE5 ! LABOR NECESS>Y TO SU/A9 & RE PRODUCE ! WORK]S & ! LABOR ?AT FALLS TO ! CAPITALI/S 9 ! =M ( SURPLUS-PRODUCTS1 LAT] REALIZ$ 9 PR(ITS4 ,FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! LABOR !ORY ( VALUE1 ! EX*ANGE-VALUE ( A COMMODITY DECREASES ) ! 9CREAS+ PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR4 ,MORE USE-VALUE 9 COMMODITY =M F9DS ITS EXPRESSION 9 ! SAME OR LESS EX*ANGE-VALUE AS ! SOCIALLY NECESS>Y LABOR-TIME 9CORPORAT$ 9 !M DECL9ES4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR 9 CAPITALISM EXPRESSES ITSELF ON ! ONE H& 9 ! DECREASE ( EX*ANGE-VALUE RELATIVE TO ! USE-VALUE ( COMMODITIES1 & ON ! O!R H& 9 AN 9CREASE ( ! MASS ( USE-VALUES :I* COMP5SATES = ! DECL9+ EX*ANGE-VALUE4 ,VIEW$ CAPITALI/ICALLY1 A M]E 9CREASE 9 PRODUCTIVITY IS S5SELESS UNLESS IT 9VOLVES AN 9CREASE ( SURPLUS-VALUE 9 T]MS ( EX*ANGE-VALUE4 ,?IS REQUIRES AN 9CREASE 9 ! RATE ( EXPLOITATION1 9 ! 0RATE ( SURPLUS-VALUE10 :I*1 9 TURN1 9VOLVES A *ANGE 9 ! RELATION BETWE5 NECESS>Y & SURPLUS-LABOR TIME4 ,IT CAN BE ACCOMPLI%$ EI!R BY L5G!N+ ! TOTAL WORK+ TIME OR BY %ORT5+ ! WORK P]IOD REQUIR$ TO COV] ! EX*ANGE-VALUE ( LABOR-P[]4 ,ONE CAN ASSUME1 H[EV]1 ?AT CAPITAL EXPANSION 9 A CLOS$ SY/EM WILL REA* A PO9T :]E ! NUMB] ( WORK]S CANNOT BE 9CREAS$1 :]E ! WORK+ TIME CANNOT BE PROLONG$1 & :]E ?AT P>T ( ! LABOR-TIME DUR+ :I* ! WORK]S PRODUCE !IR [N MEANS ( EXI/5CE CANNOT BE ANY FUR!R %ORT5$4 ,AT SU* A PO9T CAPITAL ACCUMULATION W\LD COME TO AN 5D4 ,! 9CREASES ( PRODUCTIVITY1 ( SURPLUS-VALUE1 & ( ! ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL >E ALL ONE & ! SAME PROCESS4 ,!Y ALL IMPLY ?AT CAPITAL 9VE/$ 9 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION GR[S FA/] ?AN ?AT 9VE/$ 9 LABOR P[]4 ,9 ,CAPITAL1 ,M>X CON/RUCTS A VALUE-MODEL ( CAPITAL DEVELOPM5T 9 T]MS ( ! CONCEPTUAL 5TITY 0TOTAL CAPITAL10 ) ITS SOCIAL AGGREGATES ( WAGES1 PR(ITS1 & 9VE/M5TS4 ,AL?\< ALL DIRECTLY DISC]NIBLE CONNECTIONS BETWE5 VALUE & PRICE >E LO/ 9 ! ACTUAL EX*ANGE PROCESS1 A CONSID]ATION ( 0SOCIETY AS A :OLE0 %[S ?AT ALL PRICES TOGE!R - REG>DLESS ( !IR RELATIONS TO EA* O!R - REPRES5T TOTAL VALUE4 ,?IS ALL[S = A VALUE ANALYSIS ( CAPITAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,! CONCEPT1 0SOCIETY AS A :OLE10 LIKE ! VALUE CONCEPT ITSELF1 IS JU/IFI$ NOT ONLY AS A NECESS>Y !ORETICAL DEVICE BUT S A VALID AB/RACTION FROM REALITY4 ,9 G5]AL1 SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T IS BAS$ ON ! GR[+ PRODUCTIVE P[] ( SOCIAL LABOR4 ,9CREAS+ ! PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR MEANS ?AT MORE CAN BE PRODUC$ 9 LESS TIME4 ,?IS IS ACCOMPLI%$ ?R\< ! DEVELOPM5T ( MEANS & ME?ODS ( PRODUCTION OR1 UND] CAPITALI/ CONDITIONS1 BY ! ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL4 ,! GR[? ( CAPITAL *ANGES ITS ORGANIC COMPOSITION4 ,TO GIVE ,M>X'S [N DEF9ITION ( ! T]M1 0! COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL IS TO BE UND]/OOD 9 A TW(OLD S5SE4 ,ON ! SIDE ( VALUE1 IT IS DET]M9$ BY ! PROPORTION 9 :I* IT IS DIVID$ 9TO CON/ANT CAPITAL OR ! VALUE ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 & V>IABLE CAPITAL OR VALUE ( LABOR-P[]1 ! SUM TOTAL ( WAGES4 ,ON ! SIDE ( MAT]IAL1 AS IT FUNCTIONS 9 ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION1 ALL CAPITAL IS DIVID$ 9TO MEANS ( PRODUCTION & LIV+ LABOR-P[]4 ,?IS LATT] COMPOSITION IS DET]M9$ BY ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! MASS ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION EMPLOY$1 ON ! ONE H&1 & ! MASS ( LABOR NECESS>Y = !IR EMPLOYM5T ON ! O!R4 ,I CALL ! =M] ! VALUE-COMPOSITION1 ! LATT] ! TE*NICAL COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL4 ,BETWE5 ! TWO1 !RE IS A /RICT CORRELATION4 ,TO EXPRESS ?IS1 ,I CALL ! VALUE-COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL1 9 SO F> AS IT IS DET]M9$ BY ITS TE*NICAL COMPOSITION & MIRRORS ! *ANGES ( ! LATT]1 ! ORGANIC COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL40.<#c.> ,IT FOLL[S FROM ?IS DEF9ITIONS ?AT !RE IS A DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! RISE ( ! VALUE COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL & ! RISE ( ITS MAT]IAL-TE*NICAL COMPOSITION4 ,= 9/ANCE1 0IF ! CAPITAL-VALUE EMPLOY$ 444 9 SP9N+ IS #g_/#h CON/ANT & #a_/#h V>IABLE1 :IL/ AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#h? C5TURY IT WAS #a_/#b CON/ANT & #a_/#b V>IABLE 444 ! MASS ( RAW MAT]IAL1 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR1 ETC41 ?AT A C]TA9 QUANTITY ( SP9N+ LABOR CONSUMES PRODUCTIVELY TODAY IS MANY HUNDR$ TIMES GREAT] ?AN AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#h? C5TURY4 ,! REASON IS SIMPLY ?AT1 ) ! 9CREAS+ PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR1 NOT ONLY DOES ! MASS ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION CONSUM$ BY IT 9CREASE1 BUT !IR VALUE COMP>$ ) !IR MASS DIM9I%ES4 ,!IR VALUE !RE=E RISES ABSOLUTELY1 BUT NOT 9 PROPORTION TO !IR MASS4 ,! 9CREASE ( ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 CON/ANT & V>IABLE CAPITAL IS1 !RE=E1 MU* LESS ?AN ?AT ( ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! MASS ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION 9TO :I* ! CON/ANT1 & ! MASS ( ! LABOR P[] 9TO :I* ! V>IABLE1 CAPITAL IS CONV]T$4 ,! =M] DIFF]5CE 9CREASES ) ! LATT]1 BUT 9 A SMALL] DEGREE40.<#d.> ,! ORGANIC COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL REFLECTS ?IS P>TICUL> RELATION%IP BETWE5 VALUE & MAT]IAL COMPOSITION4 ,! GRADUAL *ANGE 9 ! ORGANIC COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL OCCURS MORE OR LESS 9 ALL SPH]ES & BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION4 ,! AV]AGE ( 9DIVIDUAL COMPOSITIONS YIELDS ! COMPOSITION ( ! TOTAL CAPITAL 9 ANY P>TICUL> BRAN* ( PRODUCTION1 & ! AV]AGE ( ! AV] AGES 9 ALL BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION YIELDS ! COMPOSITION ( ! TOTAL SOCIAL CAPITAL4 ,IT IS ) ?IS F9AL AV]AGE ?AT ,M>X IS CONC]N$ :5 HE DEALS ) ! G5]AL LAW ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION4 ,TO REPEAT3 ! RISE ( ! ORGANIC COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL IMPLIES ?AT ! MASS ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTIONS & PRODUCTION ITSELF1 RISE FA/] ?AN ! VALUE COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL2 :I* FOLL[S1 BY ! LAW ( VALUE1 FROM ! DECREASE ( EX*ANGE-VALUE CAUS$ BY ! 9CREAS+ PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR4 ,BY ASSUM+ A CON/ANT RATE ( SURPLUS-VALUE ! RIS+ ORGANIC COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL LEADS TO A GRADUAL FALL ( ! RATE ( PR(IT1 S9CE IT IS ONLY ! V>IABLE P>T ( CAPITAL :I* YIELDS SURPLUS-VALUE :ILE ! RATE ( PR(IT IS 0MEASUR$0 ON TOTAL 9VE/M5TS1 I4E4 CON/ANT & V>IABLE COMB9$4 ,! T5D5CY ( ! RATE ( PR(IT TO FALL IS COMP5SAT$ ?R\< ! 9CREAS+ PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR :I* RESULTS FROM ! HI<] ORGANIC COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL4 ,CAPITAL ACCUMULATION1 ACCORD+ TO ,M>X1 EXPRESSES ITSELF 0ON ! ONE H& 9 A T5D5CY TO A PROGRESSIVE FALL ( ! RATE ( PR(IT1 & ON ! O!R H& 9 A PROGRESSIVE 9CREASE ( ! ABSOLUTE MASS ( ! APPROPRIAT$ SURPLUS-VALUE OR PR(IT2 SO ?AT ON ! :OLE A RELATIVE DECREASE ( V>IABLE CAPITAL & PR(ITS IS ACCOMPANI$ BY AN ABSOLUTE 9 CREASE ( BO?4 ,?IS TW(OLD EFFECT CAN EXPRESS ITSELF ONLY 9 ! GR[? ( ! TOTAL CAPITAL AT A RATIO MORE RAPID ?AN ?AT EXPRESS$ 9 ! FALL ( ! RATE ( PR(IT40.<#e.> ,CAPITAL MAY ACCUMULATE & MA9TA9 A GIV5 RATE ( PR(IT :5 ! VALUE ( ! V>IABLE CAPITAL & ! VALUE ( ! CON/ANT CAPITAL GR[ AT ! SAME PACE4 ,?IS W\LD1 H[EV]1 IMPLY CAPITAL =MATION )\T AN 9CREASE 9 ! PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR1 :I* CONTRADICTS ! REAL DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM1 P>TICUL>LY ITS VA/ TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCEM5T4 ,! ABS5CE ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION MAY NOT CAUSE A FALL 9 ! RATE ( PR(IT4 ,BUT A NON-ACCUMULAT+ CAPITALISM IS ONLY A TEMPOR>Y POSSIBILITY2 IT IS A CAPITALISM 9 CRISIS4 ,= CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION IS CONCEIVABLE ONLY 9 T]MS ( ACCUMULATION4 ,G5]ALLY1 CAPITAL =MATION ALWAYS DISPLACES LABOR & TO ?AT EXT5T R$UCES ! RATE ( PR(IT :ILE SIMULTANE\SLY 9CREAS+ BO? ! RATE & ! MASS ( SURPLUS-VALUE4 ,AS LONG AS ! RATE ( SURPLUS-VALUE CAN BE SUFFICI5TLY 9CREAS$1 ! T5D5CY = ! RATE ( PR(IT TO FALL IS ONLY LAT5T4 ,TO 0DEMON/RATE0 A DECL9+ RATE ( PR(IT ONE MAY ASSUME A /ATION>Y RATE ( SURPLUS-VALUE 9 AN O!RWISE EXP&+ CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,BUT A SITUATION 9 :I* EXPLOITATION CANNOT BE 9CREAS$ 5\< TO (FSET ! T5D5TIAL FALL ( ! RATE ( PR(IT IS NOT =ESEEABLE4 ,M>X HIMSELF PO9T$ \T ?AT ! AB/RACT S*EME ( CAPITAL DEVELOPM5T WAS NOT 5\< TO PROVIDE ANY PR$ICTIONS AB\T ! ACTUAL WORLD4 ,ALL CRISES 9 CAPITALISM MU/ BE EXPLA9$ \T ( ! GIV5 EMPIRICAL CONDITIONS1 0\T ( ! REAL MOVEM5T ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 COMPETITION1 & CR$IT40.<#f.> ,! VALUE ANALYSIS ( CAPITAL DEVELOPM5T PO/ULATES 0! POSSIBILITY ( CRISES BY A M]E CONSID]ATION ( ! G5]AL NATURE ( CAPITAL1 )\T REG>D TO ! ADDITIONAL & REAL RELATIONS ?AT =M ! CONDITIONS ( ! REAL PRODUCTION PROCESS40.<#g.> ,NEV]!LESS1 ! LAW ( ! FALL+ RATE ( PR(IT WAS = ,M>X1 0! MO/ IMPORTANT LAW ( POLITICAL ECONOMY40.<#h.> ,SIMPLE ?\< 0! LAW ( ! FALL+ RATE ( PR(IT0 APPE>S TO BE1 ! CLASSICAL ECONOMI/S HAD 0TRI$ 9 VA9 TO DISCOV] IT40.<#i.> ,!Y HAD NOT SUCCE$$ BECAUSE !Y HAD BE5 0T9K]+ ) ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 CON/ANT & V>IABLE CAPITAL )\T EV] DEF9+ IT ACCURATELY0.<#a.> ,RIC>DO1 = 9/ANCE1 0EQUAT$ PR(IT ) SURPLUS VALUE10.<#a#a.> BUT HE DID NOT OBS]VE ITS RELATION TO TOTAL CAPITAL4 ,?US HE FAIL$ TO RECOGNIZE ! FALL+ RATE ( PR(IT AS AN IMMAN5T LAW ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION4 ,AL?\< 9CAPABLE ( PR$ICT+ ! 5D ( CAPITALISM 9 ANY SPECIFIC S5SE1 ! RECOGNITION ( ! FALL+ RATE ( PR(IT AS ! IMMAN5T LAW ( CAPITAL EXPANSION DE/ROY$ ! ILLUSION ?AT CAPITALISM C\LD EV] REA* ! /ATE ( TRANQUILITY ITS APOLOGI/S HELD \T AS ! HOPE ( ! FUTURE4 ,IT IMPLIES ?AT ALL ! CONCRETE CONTRADICTIONS 5C\NT]$ 9 REALITY CANNOT BE CONSID]$ ACCID5TAL OR REM$IABLE %ORTCOM+S4 ,!SE DIFFICULTIES1 S+LY & AS A DEVELOPM5TAL PATT]N1 >E DUE TO A TR5D 9H]5T 9 CAPITAL PRODUCTION ITSELF4 ,:5 CAPITALISM'S 9N] CONNECTIONS >E GRASP$1 ,M>X WROTE1 0ALL !ORETICAL BELIEF 9 ! P]MAN5T NECESSITY ( EXI/+ CONDITIONS BREAKS D[N BE=E !IR PRACTICAL COLLAPSE40.<#a#b.> ,9 ITS E>LY /AGES1 CAPITAL =MATION SEEM$ TO BE M]ELY A QUANTITATIVE 9CREASE 9 CAPITAL4 ,?R\< ! RIS+ ORGANIC COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL1 IT BECAME A QUALITATIVE *ANGE4 ,NEWLY-ADD$ CAPITAL ATTRACTS FEW] & FEW] LABOR]S 9 PROPORTION TO ITS MAGNITUDE1 & ! REPRODUC$ CAPITAL1 :I* P>TAKES ( ! *ANG+ CAPITAL COMPOSITION1 REPELS MORE & MORE ( ! LABOR]S =M]LY EMPLOY$ BY IT4 ,/ILL1 ACCUMULATION IMPLIES AN 9CREASE 9 ! LABOR+ POPULATION1 S9CE P>T ( ! SURPLUS-VALUE MU/ BE RE-TRANS=M$ 9TO ADDITIONAL V>IABLE CAPITAL4 ,TO DO ?IS REQUIRES AN ACCEL]AT$ RATE ( CAPITAL EXPANSION4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,M>X1 0IT IS NOT M]ELY ?AT AN ACCEL]AT$ ACCUMULATION ( TOTAL CAPITAL1 ACCEL]AT$ 9 CON/ANTLY GR[+ PROGRESSION1 IS NE$$ TO ABSORB AN ADDITIONAL NUMB] ( WORK]S1 OR EV51 ON ACC\NT ( ! CON/ANT METAMORPHOSIS ( OLD CAPITAL1 TO KEEP EMPLOY$ ?OSE ALREADY FUNCTION+4 ,9 ITS TURN1 ?IS 9CREAS+ ACCUMULATION & C5TRALIZATION BECOMES A S\RCE ( NEW *ANGES 9 ! COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL1 ( A MORE ACCEL]AT$ DIM9UTION ( ITS V>IABLE1 AS COMP>$ ) ITS CON/ANT CON/ITU5T40.<#a#c.> ,H[EV]1 ! EXT5SION ( CAPITAL PRODUCTION BR+S NEW CAPITAL ( L[ ORGANIC COMPOSITION 9TO ! M>KET ECONOMY4 ,?US ! RELATIVE DECL9E ( ! V>IABLE CAPITAL IS MITIGAT$ BY ITS ABSOLUTE GR[?4 ,TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T R$UCES ! CAPITAL-VALUE ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & !REBY SL[S UP ! GR[+ DISCREPANCY BETWE5 CON/ANT & V>IABLE CAPITAL4 ,! T5D5CY ( ! RATE ( PR(IT TO FALL IS COMP5SAT$ = BY !SE & O!R 0C\NT]-T5D5CIES40 ,! QUE/ION IS1 H[EV]1 :E!R ?IS IS ALWAYS POSSIBLE4 ,AS PREVI\SLY NOT$1 !RE >E TWO WAYS ( 9CREAS+ ! RATE ( SURPLUS-VALUE = A GIV5 CAPITAL3 L5G!N+ ! WORK+-DAY1 OR %ORT5+ ?AT P>T ( ! WORK+-DAY DUR+ :I* ! WORK]S PRODUCE ! EQUIVAL5T ( !IR EX*ANGE-VALUE4 ,?IS HOLDS TRUE ALSO = ! IMAG9>Y 0SOCIETY AS A :OLE10 I4E4 ! WORLD 0TREAT$ AS ONE NATION 9 :I* CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION PREVAILS EV]Y:]E1 9 ORD] TO EXAM9E ! OBJECT ( \R 9VE/IGATION 9 ITS 9TEGRITY1 FREE FROM ALL DI/URB+ SUBSIDI>Y CIRCUM/ANCES40.<#a#d.> ,9 ?IS MODEL ( CAPITAL PRODUCTION ! RATE ( SURPLUS-VALUE MAY BE 9CREAS$1 BY 9CREAS+ ! TOTAL LABOR-TIME OR BY DECREAS+ ?AT P>T ( ! TOTAL LABOR-TIME :I* IS ! EQUIVAL5T ( V>IABLE CAPITAL4 ,BUT !RE >E DEF9ITE LIMITS BEYOND :I* ! ABSOLUTE LABOR-TIME CANNOT BE EXT5D$ & ! NECESS>Y LABOR-TIME 7! LABOR-TIME FALL+ TO ! WORK]S7 CANNOT BE R$UC$4 ,?IS IS AS TRUE = ! TOTAL MASS ( SOCIAL LABOR AS IT IS = ! 9DIVIDUAL WORK]4 ,H[EV]1 ! LIMITS :I* APPLY 9 ! CASE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL WORK] >E OBS]VABLE1 :ILE ?OSE :I* LIMIT 0SOCIETY AS A :OLE10 OR ANY EXI/+ SOCIETY1 >E NOT4 ,TO SPEAK 9 EXTREMES3 ! ABSOLUTE WORK+-TIME DUR+ ANY ONE DAY CANNOT EXCE$ #bd H\RS1 & ! NECESS>Y LABOR-TIME CANNOT BE R$UC$ TO Z]O4 ,! EXTRACTION ( SURPLUS-VALUE HAS BO? NATURAL & SOCIAL B\ND>IES4 ,! T5D5CY ( ! RATE ( PR(IT TO FALL IS A !ORETICAL CONCLUSION D]IV$ BY APPLY+ ! LABOR !ORY ( VALUE TO ! CAPITAL =MATION PROCESS4 ,AS A RESULT ( ! 9CREAS+ PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR1 WE WILL RECALL1 ! VALUE ( COMMODITIES DECL9ES ) ! R$UCTION ( ! LABOR-TIME REQUIR$ = !IR PRODUCTION4 ,BUT MORE COMMODITIES >E N[ PRODUC$ DUR+ ! TIME PREVI\SLY NE$$ = FEW] ( !M4 ,SPREAD OV] A GREAT] MASS ( USE-VALUES1 EX*ANGE-VALUE IS ALSO 5L>G$1 ?\< TO A LESS] DEGREE1 & CAPITAL ACCUMULATES4 ,A SIMIL> PROCESS AFFECTS ! PR(ITABILITY ( CAPITAL4 ,AL?\< ! RATE ( PR(IT DECL9ES ) ! RIS+ ORGANIC COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL1 ! MASS ( SURPLUS-VALUE 9CREASES ) ! MASS ( ! ACCUMULAT$ CAPITAL4 ,= ANY DEF9ITE AM\NT ( CAPITAL ! RATE ( PR(IT WILL BE L[]4 ,BUT S9CE ! TOTAL MASS ( CAPITAL IS L>G]1 !RE IS MORE SURPLUS-VALUE2 & CAPITAL REALIZES ! SAME1 OR EV5 A HI<]1 PR(ITABILITY4 ,9 ,M>X'S WORDS1 ! SAME CAUSES 0:I* BR+ AB\T AN ABSOLUTE DECREASE ( SURPLUS-VALUE & PR(IT ON A GIV5 CAPITAL1 & CONSEQU5TLY 9 ! P]C5TAGE ( ! RATE ( PR(IT1 PRODUCE AN 9CREASE ( ! ABSOLUTE MASS ( SURPLUS-VALUE & PR(IT APPROPRIAT$ BY ! TOTAL CAPITAL40.<#a#e.> ,?IS IS SO1 BECAUSE 0:ILE ANY ALIQUOT P>T1 ANY #a ( ! SOCIAL CAPITAL1 ANY #a ( AV]AGE SOCIAL COMPOSITION1 IS A GIV5 MAGNITUDE1 = :I* A FALL 9 ! RATE ( PR(IT IMPLIES A FALL 9 ! ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE ( PR(IT JU/ BECAUSE ! CAPITAL :I* S]VES AS A /&>D ( MEASUREM5T IS A CON/ANT MAGNITUDE1 ! MAGNITUDE ( ! SOCIAL CAPITAL1 ON ! O!R H&1 AS WELL AS ?AT ( ! CAPITAL 9 ! H&S ( ! 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALI/S1 444 V>IES 9V]SELY ) ! DECREASE ( ITS V>IABLE PORTION40.<#a#f.> ,DESPITE ! FALL 9 ! RATE ( PR(IT1 0!RE MAY BE AN ABSOLUTE 9CREASE ( ! NUMB] ( LABOR]S EMPLOY$ BY CAPITAL 444 AN ABSOLUTE 9CREASE ( ! MASS ( SURPLUS-VALUE ABSORB$1 & CONSEQU5TLY AN ABSOLUTE 9CREASE 9 ! MASS ( ! PRODUC$ PR(IT4 ,& ?IS 9CREASE MAY BE PROGRESSIVE4 ,& IT MAY NOT ONLY BE SO4 ,ON ! BASIS ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 IT MU/ BE SO1 ASIDE FROM TEMPOR>Y FLUCTUATIONS40.<#a#g.> ,! DEVELOPM5T ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR IMPLIES AN 9CREAS$ PRODUCTION ( USE-VALUES1 9CLUD+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 & CONSEQU5TLY REQUIRES ADDITIONAL LABOR4 ,?IS LABOR DEP5DS NOT ON 0! VALUE1 BUT ON ! MASS ( !SE MEANS ( PRODUCTION 79CLUD+ ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE7 BECAUSE ! LABOR] 9 ! PRODUCTION PROCESS IS NOT OP]AT+ ) ! EX*ANGE-VALUE1 BUT ) ! USE-VALUE ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION40.<#a#h.> ,ACCUMULATION IS !RE=E 0ACCOMPANI$ BY A GR[? ( ! MASS ( ! AVAILABLE & APPROPRIAT$ SURPLUS-LABOR1 & CONSEQU5TLY BY A GR[? ( ! ABSOLUTE MASS ( PR(IT APPROPRIAT$ BY ! SOCIAL CAPITAL40.<#a#i.> ,ALL ?AT IS NECESS>Y IS ?AT 0! MULTIPLI] 9DICAT+ ! GR[? ( ! TOTAL CAPITAL MU/ BE EQUAL TO ! DIVISOR 9DICAT+ ! FALL ( ! RATE ( PR(IT40.<#b.> ,9 O!R WORDS1 0CAPITAL MU/ GR[ AT A FA/] RATE ?AN ! RATE ( PR(IT FALLS 444 ,9 ORD] ?AT ! V>IABLE PORTION ( ! TOTAL CAPITAL MAY NOT ONLY REMA9 ! SAME1 BUT MAY ALSO 9CREASE ABSOLUTELY1 AL?\< ITS P]C5TAGE 9 ! TOTAL CAPITAL FALLS1 ! TOTAL CAPITAL MU/ GR[ AT A HI<] RATE ?AN ! P]C5TAGE ( ! V>IABLE CAPITAL FALLS40.<#b#a.> ,?US ! ACCUMULATION PROCESS ITSELF NULLIFIES ! FALL ( ! RATE ( PR(IT4 ,IF ! ACCUMULATION IS L>GE 5\<1 ! GREAT] MASS ( CAPITAL ( A HI<] ORGANIC COMPOSITION WILL YIELD ! SAME OR A GREAT] PR(IT ?AN ?AT BR\X1 IS *>ACT]IZ$ BY3 0,FIR/1 ! 9CREASE ( SURPLUS-LABOR1 ?AT IS1 ! R$UCTION ( ! NECESS>Y LABOR TIME REQUIR$ = ! REPRODUCTION ( LABOR-P[]2 SECONDLY1 ! DECREASE ( ! LABOR-P[] 7! NUMB] ( WORK]S7 EMPLOY$ 9 G5]AL = ! PURPOSE ( SETT+ 9 MOTION A GIV5 CAPITAL40.<#b#b.> ,!SE OCCURR5CES >E MUTUALLY CONDITION$ BY ONE ANO!R & AFFECT ! RATE ( PR(IT 9 OPPOSITE WAYS4 ,:ILE ! RATE ( SURPLUS-VALUE RISES 9 ONE DIRECTION1 ! NUMB] ( LABOR]S FALLS 9 ! OPPOSITE DIRECTION4 0,TO ! EXT5T ?AT ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE P[]S R$UCES ! PAID PORTION ( ! EMPLOY$ LABOR1 IT RAISES ! SURPLUS-VALUE BY RAIS+ ITS RATE2 BUT TO ! EXT5T ?AT IT R$UCES ! TOTAL MASS ( LABOR EMPLOY$ BY A C]TA9 CAPITAL1 IT R$UCES ! FACTOR ( NUMB]S ) :I* ! RATE ( SURPLUS-VALUE IS MULTIPLI$ 9 ORD] TO CALCULATE ITS MASS4 ,TWO LABOR]S EA* WORK+ #ab H\RS DAILY1 CANNOT PRODUCE ! SAME MASS ( SURPLUS-VALUE AS #bd LABOR]S EA* WORK+ ONLY #b H\RS1 EV5 IF !Y C\LD LIVE ON AIR & DID NOT HAVE TO WORK = !MSELVES AT ALL40.<#b#c.> ,BECAUSE 0! RELATION BETWE5 WAGE LABOR & CAPITAL DET]M9ES ! 5TIRE *>ACT] ( ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION10.<#b#d.> ! FALL ( ! RATE ( PR(IT CAN BE *ECK$ BY ACCUMULATION BUT CAN NOT BE 5TIRELY PREV5T$4 ,! COMP5SATION = ! RELATIVE R$UCTION 9 ! NUMB] ( WORK]S BY MEANS ( AN 9T5SIFI$ EXPLOITATION CANNOT GO ON 0=EV]0 BUT MU/ EV5TUALLY F9D ITS ABSOLUTE LIMIT 9 ! 9CREAS+LY GREAT] MASS ( ! REPRODUCIBLE CAPITAL & ITS EXPANSION REQUIREM5TS4 ,:ATEV] ! MASS ( LABOR-P[] 9 ! REAL CAPITALI/ WORLD1 9 RELATION TO ! PROGRESSIVELY FA/] GR[+ CON/ANT CAPITAL1 IT MU/ BECOME A RELATIVELY DIM9I%+ QUANTITY ( SURPLUS-VALUE-PRODUC+ LABOR-P[]4 ,C>RI$ TO ITS 0LOGICAL 5D10 A CONT9U\SLY ACCEL]AT+ CAPITAL EXPANSION WILL *ANGE ! RELATIVE DECL9E ( ! RATE ( PR(IT 9TO AN ABSOLUTE DECL9E BECAUSE ( A LACK ( SURPLUS-VALUE ) RESPECT TO ! 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