,*APT] #ai 
,! ,IMP]IALI/ ,IMP]ATIVE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK 

,TEXT 3 

,M>X'S MODEL ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION REPRES5TS A CLOS$ HOMOG5\S 
SY/EM 9 :I* ! RIS+ ORGANIC COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL RESULTS 9 A FALL ( 
! RATE ( PR(IT & !RE) 9 ! DECL9E ( CAPITAL EXPANSION :5EV] 
! CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION DO NOT ALL[ = A SUFFICI5T RISE 9 ! RATE ( 
EXPLOITATION4 ,BUT CAPITALISM IS NOT A CLOS$ SY/EM3 IT IS ABLE TO SLACK5 ! 
RIS+ ORGANIC COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL ?R\< ITS \TW>D EXT5SION & TO 
BETT] ITS R5TABILITY ?R\< IMPORTATION ( PR(ITS FROM ABROAD4 ,IT IS ! 
VALUE-EXPANSION ( ! EXI/+ C5TRALIZ$ CAPITAL1 H[EV]1 :I* DET]M9ES 
! SIZE AS WELL AS ! *>ACT] ( ! WORLD M>KET1 & :I* LIMITS ! 
CAPITALIZATION ( UND]DEVELOP$ NATIONS TO S]VE ! SPECIFIC PR(IT NE$S ( 
! DOM9AT+ CAPITALS4 ,GIV5 ?IS WORLD M>KET1 IT IS NO LONG] POSSIBLE = 
! UND]DEVELOP$ P>T ( ! WORLD TO FUR!R ITS [N CAPITALIZATION 
9DEP5D5TLY ( ! PR(IT REQUIREM5TS ( ! HI<LY-DEVELOP$ CAPITALI/ 
NATIONS4 

,! WORLD AS A :OLE IS OBVI\SLY %ORT ( CAPITAL & SURPLUS-VALUE4 ,! 
OV]PRODUCTION ( CAPITAL RELATIVE TO ITS PR(ITABILITY 9 ONE P>T ( ! 
WORLD CONFRONTS UND]CAPITALIZATION 9 ANO!R P>T4 ,CONSID]+ CAPITALISM AS 
A WORLD SY/EM IT IS 9DE$ A MIS]ABLE SY/EM ( SOCIAL PRODUCTION4 ,= 
CAPITALISM AS A :OLE1 ( C\RSE1 ! ORGANIC COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL IS NOT 
HI< 5\< TO R$UCE ! RATE ( PR(IT BEL[ ITS ACCUMULATION NE$S4 ,BUT DUE 
TO ! C5TRALIZATION & MONOPOLIZATION ( CAPITAL1 ! 9H]5T 
CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITAL PRODUCTION ]ECT B>RI]S TO ITS EXPANSION LONG 
BE=E ! AB/RACT BORD]S ( ,M>X'S !ORY ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T 
F9D SOME K9D ( APPROXIMATION 9 REALITY4 

,CAPITALISM HAS CEAS$ TO BE A SOCIALLY PROGRESSIVE SY/EM ( PRODUCTION & 
HAS BECOME - NOT)/&+ ALL SUP]FICIAL APPE>ANCES TO ! CONTR>Y 
- A REGRESSIVE & DE/RUCTIVE ONE4 ,IT HAS L$ TO ! DIVISION ( ! 
WORLD 9TO A FEW HI<LY-9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES & A L>GE NUMB] ( NATIONS 
UNABLE TO LIFT !MSELVES \T ( A /ATE ( 9CREAS+ MIS]Y4 ,YET ! 
DE/9IES ( ALL NATIONS >E 9EXTRICABLY 9T]TW9$2 IT IS ! WORLD 
SITUATION :I* F9ALLY DET]M9ES ! FUTURE ( ANY & EV]Y NATION4 
,PROSPECTS = EV5 ! MO/ 0PROSP]\S0 NATIONS MU/ BE CONSID]$ 
9 ! LI<T ( EXI/+ WORLD CONDITIONS2 SE5 FROM ?IS P]SPECTIVE1 !Y >E 
9DE$ BLEAK4 ,NO LONG] ABLE TO EXTRACT \T ( !IR [N WORK+ POPULATION 
QUANTITIES ( SURPLUS-VALUE :I* ASSURE AN ACCEL]AT$ PR(ITABLE PRIVATE 
CAPITAL EXPANSION1 ! DOM9AT+ CAPITALI/ P[]S F9D ?AT ! S\RCES ( 
ADDITIONAL PR(ITS 9 ! UND]-DEVELOP$ P>TS ( ! WORLD >E ALSO DRY+ 
UP4 ,TO KEEP ON EXPLOIT+ ! BACKW>D >EAS WILL SL[LY DE/ROY !IR 
EXPLOITABILITY4 ,BUT NOT TO EXPLOIT !M MEANS TO R$UCE EV5 FUR!R ! 
ALREADY 9SUFFICI5T PR(ITABILITY ( CAPITAL4 ,! GREAT CAPITALI/ NATIONS 
WILL ?US TRY TO 9CREASE RA!R ?AN RELAX !IR EXPLOITATION 9 ! HOPE ?AT 
!IR [N EXPANSION WILL BE ! VEHICLE =1 OR YIELD AS A BYPRODUCT1 ! 
DEVELOPM5T ( ! CAPITAL-POOR NATIONS4 ,WE/]N POLICY /ILL RE/S ON A DEEP 
FAI? 9 ! PR(IT-CREAT+ P[]S ( COMPETITIVE CAPITAL ACCUMULATION - 
A FAI? SU/A9$ BY ! REC5TLY-EXP]I5C$ P]IOD ( GOV]NM5T-9DUC$ 
0PROSP]ITY40 ,IT IS /ILL COMPETITION ON ! WIDE/ SCALE - 
! WORLD M>KET - TO :I* EXPANSION IS ORI5T$1 EV5 ?\< ON ! 
WORLD-SCALE & 9 EA* NATION SEP>ATELY1 ! M>KET-ECONOMY SEEMS 
IRRETRIEVABLY LO/4 

,! BIG CORPORATIONS 9 ! 9DU/RIAL NATIONS1 :I* DOM9ATE ! 
CAPITALI/ ECONOMIES1 CAN NO LONG] FUNCTION )9 ! NATIONAL FRAMEWORK2 
!Y HAVE BECOME & MU/ REMA9 MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATIONS4 0,ANY COMPANY 
( IMPORTANCE ?AT WANTS TO SURVIVE HAS TO BE 9T]NATIONAL & 
MULT9ATIONAL10 IT IS SAID1 0= COMPANIES ) WORLD-WIDE 
OP]ATIONS MAY F9D IT EASI] ?AN PURELY NATIONAL COMPANIES TO R$UCE CO/S BY 
MOV+ RAW-MAT]IALS1 PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION FACILITIES1 & MANP[] 9 
CON=MANCE ) OPTIMIZATION OBJECTIVES40.<#a.> ,BIG CORPORATIONS SU* AS ,UNILEV] & ,I,B,M 
= EXAMPLE1 HAVE 9T]E/S 9 NE>LY EV]Y C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD2 ,I,B,M1 
SPECIFICALLY1 OP]ATES 9 ONE HUNDR$ NATIONS & MA9TA9S FIFTE5 
MANUFACTUR+ PLANTS 9 ?IRTE5 C\NTRIES4 0,NE>LY #c1 ,AM]ICAN FIRMS 
HAVE =EIGN SUBSIDI>IES & !IR SALES >E D\BLE :AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 
EXPORTS4 ,!SE ,AM]ICAN-BAS$ CORPORATIONS ?AT OP]ATE ON A MULT9ATIONAL 
BASIS CONDUCT MANUFACTUR+ 5T]PRISES ABROAD1 EXTRACT & PROCESS NATURAL 
RES\RCES1 PROVIDE S]VICES1 & M>KET ! RESULT+ GOODS & S]VICES ON AN 
9T]NATIONAL SCALE40.<#b.> ,! GR[? ( MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATIONS IS AN 
9T]NATIONAL PH5OM5ON BUT BECAUSE ( ,AM]ICA'S DOM9ANT POSITION 9 
WORLD ECONOMY IT IS MO/ PRON\NC$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! LATT]'S 
9T]E/S 9 MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATIONS IS REVEAL$ 9 ! VALUE ( H] DIRECT 
9VE/M5TS ABROAD4 0,!SE 9CREAS$ FROM @s#a#a4#g BILLION 9 #aie TO @s#c#a4#a 
BILLION 9 #a#i#f#b4 ,9 ! MANUFACTUR+ CATEGORY ALONE1 ! 9CREASE WAS FROM 
@s#c4#h BILLION TO @s#a#c4#b BILLION40 ,S9CE ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 0EV]Y 
,PRESID5T1 EV]Y ,CONGRESS1 & NUM]\S PUBLIC & LAY LEAD]S ( NATIONAL & 
9T]NATIONAL ?\<T HAVE EMPHASIZ$ ! IMPORTANCE TO NATIONAL 9T]E/ ( 
! ROLE ( PRIVATE COMPANIES OP]AT+ ON A MULT9ATIONAL BASE4 ,FROM #aie 
?R\< #a#i#f#b1 @s#b#i BILLION WAS RECEIV$ 9 E>N+S1 9T]E/ PAYM5TS1 
MANAGEM5T FEES1 & ROYALTIES FROM DIRECT 9VE/M5TS ABROAD4 ,?IS COMP>ES 
) ! @s#a#f BILLION CAPITAL \TFL[ FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES = DIRECT 
9VE/M5TS ABROAD 9 ! SAME TIME40.<#c.> 

,:E!R OR NOT ! WORLD /RUCTURE ( CAPITALISM IS SU* AS TO PRECLUDE 
PR(ITABLE CAPITAL EXPANSION ON A WORLD-WIDE SCALE1 EV]Y CAPITALI/ 
5T]PRISE1 & EV]Y CAPITALI/ NATION1 TRIES TO EXP& ITS [N CAPITAL 
- AT ! EXP5SE ( O!R 5T]PRISES & ( O!R NATIONS IF NECESS>Y4 
,! ELIM9ATION ( COMPETITION & ! 9T] NATIONAL C5TRALIZATION ( 
CAPITAL1 :ILE P]HAPS NOT B5EFIT+ ! CAPITALI/ WORLD AS A :OLE1 WILL 
/ILL B5EFIT ! ADVANC+ CAPITALS & ! /RONG] NATIONS4 ,! ,CANADIAN 
ECONOMY1 = 9/ANCE1 HAS LONG BE5 REG>D$ AS AN EXT5SION ( ! ,AM]ICAN 
ECONOMY4 0,BY #a#i#f#c1 =EIGN RESID5TS1 MO/LY ,AM]ICANS1 CONTROLL$ #f P] 
C5T ( ,CANADIAN MANUFACTUR+1 #gd P] C5T ( H] PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS 
9DU/RY & #eg P] C5T ( M9+ & SMELT+4444 ,CONTROL 9 ! 
FOOD-CANN+ 9DU/RY ROSE TO #i P] C5T4 444 ,SOME BUS9ESS OBS]V]S 
ATTRIBUTE ! CONT9U+ TAKE-OV] TR5D TO ! GR[+ 9T]NATIONALIZATION ( 
BUS9ESS4 ,= ,CANADA1 H[EV]1 9T]NATIONALIZATION MEANS MO/LY 
,AM]ICANIZATION1 & ?IS IS (T5 REGRETT$40.<#d.> ,OPPOSITION TO ACTUAL & POT5TIAL 
=EIGN DOM9ATION ( V>I\S 9DU/RIES BECOMES 9CREAS+LY MORE VOCAL 9 ! 
,EUROPEAN NATIONS4 ,BO? ( ! ,EUROPEAN TRAD+ BLOCS T5D T[>D A CONT95TAL 
ALLOCATION ( CAPITAL RES\RCES & ! CURTAILM5T ( ,AM]ICAN 9VE/M5TS 9 
,EUROPEAN 9DU/RY2 BUT ! EXI/5CE ( !SE BLOCS SPURS GREAT] 9VE/M5TS 
ON ! P>T ( ,AM]ICAN CORPORATIONS 9 ORD] TO GET 9SIDE !IR T>IFF WALLS4 
,/ILL1 ! DEVELOP$ CAPITALI/ NATIONS COMPRISE ONLY ! SMALL] P>T ( ! 
WORLD4 ,!IR FUTURE DEP5DS NOT SO MU* ON AN 9T5SIFI$ COMPETITION )9 
!IR [N RANKS AS ON GA9+ A BROAD] BASE ( CAPITAL EXPANSION4 

,! BIG CORPORATION MU/ PRODUCE = & PR(ITABLY SELL )91 AN 
EXP&+ 9T]NATIONAL M>KET4 ,IF ITS PR(ITS & PRODUCTION ON ! WORLD 
M>KET DO NOT EXP&1 ! CORPORATION WILL FACE /AGNATION )9 ITS NATIONAL 
M>KET2 & ?IS WILL 9CREASE ! NE$ TO MA9TA9 SOCIAL /ABILITY ?R\< 
GOV]NM5T-9DUC$ PRODUCTION4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 PRIVATE CAPITAL PRODUCTION MU/ 
BE ACC5TUAT$ ABROAD TO >RE/ ITS 9T]NAL DECL9E4 ,A L>G] P>T ( ! 
WORLD MU/ BE CAPITALIZ$ TO ACCOMMODATE ! EXPANSION NE$S ( ! BIG 
CORPORATIONS4 7,?IS IS ! REASON :Y DEVELOPM5T1 OR GR[?1 ONCE RES]V$ = 
,M>XIAN !ORY1 HAS N[ BECOME ! PR$OM9ANT ISSUE ( B\RGEOIS ECONOMY47 ,BUT 
IT MU/ BE A DEVELOPM5T CONDUCIVE TO PRIVATE 5T]PRISE & ITS ACCUMULATION 
REQUIREM5TS1 ?AT IS1 A DEVELOPM5T :I* SUBORD9ATES ! DEVELOP+ NATIONS 
TO ! RULES ( ! CAPITALI/ WORLD M>KET4 

,! 0MIX$0 *>ACT] ( ! CAPITALI/ M>KET ECONOMIES 
OBLIT]ATES AN E>LI] DI/9CTION BETWE5 GOV]NM5T & CAPITAL4 ,GOV]NM5T 
IS NO LONG] M]ELY ! POLITICAL >M ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,ITS ECONOMIC 
9T]E/S >E SO 9T]TW9$ ) ?OSE ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS ?AT 
GOV]NM5T-POLICY & CORPORATION-POLICY >E ONE & ! SAME4 ,! NE$ = 
EXT]NAL EXPANSION ( CAPITAL 9 ORD] TO HALT ITS 9T]NAL CONTRACTION TAKES 
ON ! =M ( AN AGGRESSIVE IMP]IALISM & ( IMP]IALI/IC COMPETITION4 ,BUT 
?IS IMP]IALISM DIFF]S FROM ! IMP]IALISM & COLONIALISM ( LAISSEZ-FAIRE 
CAPITALISM BECAUSE CAPITAL COMPETES = MORE ?AN JU/ RAW-MAT]IAL S\RCES1 
PRIVILEG$ M>KETS1 & CAPITAL EXPORTS2 IT ALSO FI<TS = ITS V]Y LIFE AS A 
PRIVATE-PROP]TY SY/EM AGA9/ NEW =MS ( CAPITAL PRODUCTION :I* >E NO 
LONG] SUBJECT TO ECONOMIC VALUE RELATIONS & ! COMPETITIVE M>KET 
ME*ANISM4 

,= ,KEYNES1 IMP]IALISM & W> C]TA9LY AFFECT$ ! ECONOMY BUT W]E NOT 
AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( CAPITALISM4 ,= ,M>X1 /RUCTURAL *ANGES 9 CAPITALISM1 
NATIONAL AS WELL AS 9T]NATIONAL1 IMPLY COMPETITIONS CRISES1 IMP]IALISM & 
W>4 ,! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> WAS QUITE OBVI\SLY CONNECT$ ) ! LONG 
DEPRESSION P]IOD PREC$+ IT1 & ! CURR5T WORLD-WIDE TR5D ( 
SUPPLEM5T+ ECONOMIC =CE ) POLITICAL-MILIT>Y MEANS ATTE/S TO ! 
IMP]IALI/ NATURE ( MOD]N CAPITAL COMPETITION4 ,AL?\< ! MIS]IES ( W> 
MAY NOT BE REG>D$ AS ! EXCLUSIVE PROP]TY ( CAPITALISM1 !IR ORIG9S & 
!IR RESULTS >E NECESS>ILY CONNECT$ ) ! COMPETITIVE *>ACT] ( 
9T]NATIONAL CAPITAL EXPANSION4 

,IMP]IALISM MAY BE DESCRIB$ 9 POLITICAL T]MS EV5 ?\< IT F9DS ITS 
MAT]IAL BASIS 9 ! REQUIREM5TS ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION4 ,! CURR5T 
IMP]IALI/ ACTIVITIES F9D !IR DIRECT CAUSE 9 ! %IFTS ( P[] RELATIONS 
BR\<T AB\T BY ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I4 ,AT FIR/ SI<T1 !SE %IFTS C\LD LEAD ONLY TO 
A NEW W> OR TO ! ACCEPTANCE ( A WORLD DIVID$ 9TO TWO DIFF]5T SY/EMS ( 
CAPITAL PRODUCTION1 ) SEP>ATE SPH]ES ( 9T]E/ DOM9AT$ BY ! TWO 
/RONGE/ MILIT>Y P[]S1 ,RUSSIA & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! SECOND POSSIBILITY 
SEEM$1 H[EV]1 0UNACCEPTABLE0 TO ! ,WE/]N P[]S1 EV5 ?\< 
IT HAS 9 SOME MANN] CON/ITUT$ ,WE/]N PO/W> POLICIES4 ,IT WAS LESS 
OBNOXI\S TO ,RUSSIA1 CONFID5T AS %E WAS ( H] ABILITY TO ATTA9 SECURITY1 
& POSSIBLY SUPREMACY1 )\T ! 9T]V5TION ( A ?IRD WORLD W>4 ,ASIDE 
FROM SU* 0PREF]5CES10 H[EV]1 & DESPITE V>I\S ADV5TURES ( 
! 0COLD W>0 & EV5 ! ,KOREAN ,W>1 NEI!R ! ,EA/ NOR ! 
,WE/ %[$ ANY REAL 9CL9ATION TO PROVOKE A MAJOR W>4 ,?\< (T5 ON ! 
0BR9K0 ( W>1 BO? SIDES HAVE ?US F> ALWAYS RETREAT$ 9 TIME1 
LEAV+ ?+S MORE OR LESS AS !Y W]E4 

,! ,WE/ ,EUROPEAN NATIONS1 OCCUPI$ ) !IR RECOV]Y & ) FUTILE 
ATTEMPTS TO DEF5D !IR =EIGN POSSESSIONS1 W]E NOT 9 A POSITION TO ACT 
UPON ! 0LONG-RUN0 NE$S ( ,WE/]N CAPITALISM4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 
EM]G+ FROM ! W> AS ! /RONGE/ P[]1 HAD TO CONSOLIDATE ! ,WE/]N 
WORLD AS A PRECONDITION = RESUM+ EFFECTIVE 9T]NATIONAL P[] POLITICS4 ,AS 
IT TURN$ \T1 !RE WAS NO REALLY URG5T NE$ TO DEAL ) FUR!R ,RUSSIAN 
EXPANSION OR TO DEPRIVE ,RUSSIA ( ?OSE SPOILS ( W> :I* ! ,WE/ - 
?\< ) SOME UNREALI/IC RES]VATIONS - HAD AGRE$ TO ALL[ H]4 
,RUSSIA1 TOO1 WEAK5$ BY ! DE/RUCTION & EX]TION ( W>1 NE$$ TIME TO 
RECOV] & CONSOLIDATE H] GA9S4 ,! G5]AL 9ABILITY TO ACT UPON ! NEW 
PROBLEMS POS$ BY ! PO/W> WORLD EXPRESS$ ITSELF 9 ! COLD-W> /ATUS 
QUO4 

,EV]Y?+ ELSE WAS BAS$ ON HOPE - EI!R ?AT 0HI/ORICAL 
DEVELOPM5T0 W\LD COME TO ! AID ( ! ,EA/1 OR ?AT 0HUMAN 
NATURE0 W\LD REASS]T ITSELF & RE/ORE ! CONDITIONS ( ,WE/]N 
CAPITALISM 9 ! WORLD AT L>GE4 ,BO? ! ,EA/ & ! ,WE/ HAVE LOOK$ 
=W>D TO A CUMULATIVE GR[? ( ! 9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS BESETT+ EA* 
P[] BLOC4 ,! FACT ?AT ,RUSSIA'S SATELLITES >E 0CAPTIVE 
PEOPLE0 & = ?AT REASON >E A /EADY S\RCE ( TR\BLE TO !IR NEW 
MA/]S1 & ! POSSIBILITY ( >IS+ DIFF]5CES ( 9T]E/ BETWE5 ,RUSSIA 
& ,*9A BOL/]$ ,WE/]N EXPECTATIONS ( A POSSIBLE DIS9TEGRATION ( ! 
,EA/]N P[] BLOC4 ,AS SOON AS ! EXPANSION ( ! ,EA/]N BLOC WAS *ECK$1 
:ATEV] ECONOMIC & POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T W5T ON 9 ! WORLD W\LD BY %E] 
NECESSITY GRAVITATE TO ! /RONG] P[] C5T]4 ,:ATEV] ! M]ITS ( SU* 
EXPECTATIONS1 !Y TURN$ ,AM]ICA'S =EIGN POLICY 9TO A CONT9U\S 
PO/PONEM5T ( DECISIVE POLITICAL ACTIONS :ILE AWAIT+ A MORE FAVORABLE 
FUTURE4 

,/AL9I/ ,RUSSIA'S POLICY1 TOO1 WAS P]MEAT$ BY ! RECURR5T HOPE 
?AT PEACE W\LD PREVAIL DESPITE1 & BECAUSE (1 ! COLD W>4 ,/AL9 SAW ! 
CAPITALI/ WORLD 9 N9ETE5?-C5TURY T]MS3 TO HIM1 CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T 
WAS A CRISIS-RIDD5 COMPETITIVE PROCESS1 SETT+ NATION AGA9/ NATION1 & 
TRANS=M+ ECONOMIC RIVALRIES 9TO IMP]IALI/IC W>S4 ,HE FELT1 H[EV]1 ?AT 
= SOME TIME TO COME1 ! ,WE/ WAS NOT READY TO WAGE A NEW W> AGA9/ ,RUSSIA4 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE WAS QUITE DEF5SELESS & ! EFFECTS ( ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION 
UPON ! :OLE ( ,ASIA PUT ,AM]ICA AT A /RATEGIC DISADVANTAGE DESPITE H] 
MILIT>Y MI<T & SUP]IOR PRODUCTIVE P[]4 ,?IS CONVICTION WAS MADE APP>5T 
9 ! *ALL5GE ( ! ,B]L9 BLOCKADE1 9 ,RUSSIA'S RU?LESS POLICY 
T[>D H] SATELLITES1 9 ! COV]T SUPPORT GIV5 TO NATIONAL LIB]ATION 
MOVEM5TS1 & F9ALLY 9 ! MAJOR TE/ ?AT ! ,KOREAN ,W> PROVID$4 

,BY ?IS TIME1 H[EV]1 ! SITUATION HAD ALREADY *ANG$ DUE TO ! P>TIAL 
RECOV]Y ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ! EBB+ ( ! PO/W> REVOLUTION>Y WAVE 9 
,ASIA1 &1 LA/ BUT NOT LEA/1 ! ALT]$ *>ACT] ( ,WE/]N CAPITALISM 
ITSELF4 ,! IMM$IATE PO/W> SITUATION C\LD WELL SUGGE/ ! RECURR5CE ( 
?OSE V]Y CONDITIONS ?AT EM]G$ \T ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I - A SEMI-P]MAN5T 
CRISIS = SOME C\NTRIES & A G5]AL %>P5+ ( 9T]NATIONAL 
COMPETITION4 ,! ,POTSDAM AGREEM5TS PROMIS$ TO REALIZE :AT ! ,V]SAILLES 
,TREATY ( #aiai HAD FAIL$ TO DO1 & ! DE/RUCTION ( ,G]MAN CAPITALISM WAS 
B\ND TO WEAK5 ! :OLE ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & PRODUCE NEW ECONOMIC & 
POLITICAL FRICTIONS )9 ,WE/]N CAPITALISM4 ,YET SOME?+ DIFF]5T 
HAPP5$4 ,AL?\< NATIONAL 9T]E/S /ILL DOM9AT$ ! POLICIES ( ALL 
CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES1 IT WAS SOON REALIZ$ ?AT ONLY 9T]NATIONAL P[] 
POLITICS C\LD SAFEGU>D ?OSE NATIONAL 9T]E/S1 & ?AT ?IS REQUIR$ 
ECONOMIC AS WELL AS POLITICAL COLLABORATION4 ,?IS IMPLI$ ?AT ECONOMIC POLICY 
REMA9$ ! RESPONSIBILITY ( GOV]NM5TS1 ! P]MAN5T TRANS=MATION ( 
CAPITALISM 9TO GOV]NM5T-MANIPULAT$ CAPITALISM1 & ! EM]G5CE ( SOME 
DEGREE ( 9T]NATIONAL COOP]ATION AFFECT+ ! :OLE ( ,WE/]N 
CAPITALISM4 

,! ,KOREAN COMPROMISE CLE>LY 9DICAT$ ?AT ?\< ! ,WE/ WAS /ILL NOT 
WILL+ OR READY TO LAUN* ANO!R WORLD W>1 IT WAS DET]M9$ NOT TO LOSE 
FUR!R GR\ND TO ! ,EA/]N BLOC4 ,9 #a#i#e#d1 ! ,KOREAN COMPROMISE WAS REPEAT$ 
9 ! ,S\!A/ ,ASIA COMPROMISE4 ,! ,S\!A/ ,ASIAN 0PEACE .<8.> 
SPIRIT0 REMA9$ PURELY SPIRITUAL1 H[EV]1 EV5 ?\< ! 
0LIB]ATION MOVEM5T0 CAME TO A TEMPOR>Y HALT4 ,:ATEV] ELSE 
COMPRIS$ ! ,RUSSIANS PRESS$ = A 0G5]AL SOLUTION0 ( 
,EA/-,WE/ DIFF]5CES 9 ! DIRECTION ( CLE>LY DEM>CAT$ & RESPECT$ 
SPH]ES ( 9T] & FREE-=-ALL ECONOMIC COMPETITION 9 ! AS YET 
UNCOMMITT$ P>TS ( ! WORLD4 ,RUSSIA'S READ9ESS = COMPROMISE 
BETRAY$ ! PO/-,/AL9I/ REGIME'S FE> ( W> & ITS REAL CONC]N 
OV] ! RE/IV5ESS ( SATELLITE NATIONS AS WELL AS OV] CONDITIONS 9 ,RUSSIA 
PROP]4 ,PREV5TION ( W>1 ! NEW ,RUSSIAN LEAD]S REALIZ$1 REQUIR$ MORE ?AN 
! PR9CIPLE ( ,*UR*ILL'S DICTUM1 0PEACE BY MUTUAL 
T]ROR40 ,IT DEM&$ NOT ONLY ?AT ,RUSSIA & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES COME TO 
T]MS1 BUT ?AT !Y MUTUALLY CONTROL ! ACTIVITIES ( O!R NATIONS :I* 
MI<T LEAD !M 9ADV]T5TLY 9TO G5]AL W>4 

,! APP>5T TR5D TO ! PEACEFUL SOLUTION ( IMP]IALI/IC ANTAGONISMS 9 
! WAKE ( ! ,G5EVA ,CONF]5CE CAME TO NO?+4 ,! WORLD IS SIMPLY BESET BY 
TOO MANY PROBLEMS & P>TICUL>I/IC 9T]E/S1 & NEI!R ,RUSSIA NOR ! 
,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS ! DEGREE ( CONTROL OV] O!R NATIONS :I* C\LD SECURE 
PEACE UND] ALL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,BECAUSE *ANGE & DEVELOPM5T GO ON 
REL5TLESSLY & AFFECT ! =TUNES ( ! GREAT P[]S1 !IR [N POSSIBLE 
DESIRE = PEACE REMA9S A TEMPOR>Y 9CL9ATION4 ,! ]OSION ( ,WE/]N 
COLONIALISM L$ TO MANY NATIONAL-REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS :I* C\LD NOT BE 
CONTROLL$ BY EI!R ! ,WE/ OR ! ,EA/4 ,*9A1 AT ANY RATE1 C\LD NOT BE 
SUBJUGAT$ TO ,RUSSIAN RULE - RELATIONS BETWE5 ,*9A & ,RUSSIA GAVE ! 
LIE TO ,WE/]N PROPAG&A :I* DEPICT$ ,*9A AS A 0COLONY0 ( 
,RUSSIA4 

,! CEASELESS ]OSION ( ,WE/]N 9FLU5CE 9 UND]DEVELOP$ >EAS MU/ BE 
>RE/$4 ,YET1 %ORT ( MILIT>Y SUPPRESSION1 ?IS CAN BE DONE ONLY BY 
ASSI/+ A DEVELOPM5T DETRIM5TAL TO ! ECONOMIES ( ! ,WE/]N WORLD4 ,9 
! ,AM]ICAN VIEW1 ! 5D ( ,WE/]N COLONIAL DOM9ATION CREAT$ A 
0P[]-VACUUM0 9 C]TA9 REGIONS ( ! WORLD1 :I* ! ,EA/ WILL 
FILL IF ! ,WE/ DOES NOT4 ,:AT IS MEANT BY 0VACUUM0 H]E REF]S TO 
! FACT ?AT HI!RTO-CONTROLL$ REGIONS HAVE BE5 FRE$3 ! =M] 
COLONIES' POSSESSION ( 0NATIONAL SELF-DET]M9ATION0 LEAVES 
!M OP5 TO 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL 0COMMUNI/ AGGRESSION20 SO ! 
,WE/ MU/ /EP 9 & GU>ANTEE !IR 09DEP5D5CE40 ,9 O!R 
WORDS1 0NATIONAL SELF-DET]M9ATION0 CANNOT 9CLUDE A FREE *OICE 
( SOCIAL SY/EMS & ALLIES1 AL?\< IT MAY 9CLUDE PREF]5CES ) RESPECT 
TO 0PROTECT+0 ,WE/]N P[]S4 ,AM]ICA'S POSE AS AN 
0ANTI-COLONIAL0 P[] 9 ?IS SPECIAL S5SE WAS NOT A DELIB]ATE 
POLICY TO WEAK5 H] ,WE/]N ALLIES - ?\< 9 FACT IT DID SO - 
BUT WAS ADOPT$ 9 ! BELIEF ?AT IT W\LD /R5G!N ! 0FREE 
WORLD0 AS A :OLE4 ,TO B5EFIT ! 0FREE WORLD10 ! COLONIAL 
P[]S W]E SUPPOS$ TO SACRIFICE SPECIAL POLITICAL-ADM9I/RATIVE 9T]E/S1 
& NATIONAL-REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS W]E TO BE 9DUC$ TO /AY )9 ! 
CONF9ES ( ,WE/]N CAPITALISM4 ,?AT ANY POLICY 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! 
0:OLE0 ( ,WE/]N CAPITALISM B5EFITS ,AM]ICA ESPECIALLY WAS1 
AFT] ALL1 NOT ! FAULT ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BUT IS M]ELY A CONSEQU5CE ( 
9T]NATIONAL CAPITAL DEVELOPM5T4 

,AM]ICA'S ALL-EMBRAC+ VIEW1 :I* JUDGES ! NE$S ( ! WORLD BY 
! NE$S ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM1 9CLUDES1 ( C\RSE1 NUM]\S N>R[] 
SPECIAL 9T]E/S4 ,AM]ICAN COMPETITION T5DS1 OR AT ANY RATE ATTEMPTS1 TO 
DRIVE \T WEAK] CAPITAL 5TITIES :]EV] POSSIBLE2 ?US !RE IS A DEGREE ( 
TRU? 9 ! ASS]TION ?AT BY OPPOS+ ! COLONIALISM ( O!R NATIONS1 
,AM]ICA M]ELY FO/]S H] [N4 ,AM]ICAN =EIGN POLICY IS NOT1 H[EV]1 
EXCLUSIVELY DET]M9$ BY SU* N>R[ SPECIAL 9T]E/S2 !RE IS ALSO ! 
FACTOR ( H] JU/IFI$ FE> ?AT CONT9U\S %R9K+ ( ! 0FREE 
WORLD0 WILL COME TO AFFECT ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY ITSELF & HA/5 ! 
DE/RUCTION ( ITS PRIVATE-5T]PRISE NATURE4 ,IT DOES NOT MAKE MU* DIFF]5CE1 
!N1 :E!R ! =EIGN HOLD+S ?AT HAVE TO BE PROTECT$1 & ! =EIGN 
M>KETS ?AT HAVE TO BE KEPT OP51 >E ( GREAT OR SMALL IMPORTANCE2 ! PO9T 
IS TO PREV5T1 & IF POSSIBLE TO 0ROLL BACK10 ANY SOCIAL MOVEM5T 
OR NATION1 :I* 9T5DS1 OR MI<T 9T5D1 TO RE/RICT OR ABOLI% 
PRIVATE-5T]PRISE CAPITALISM4 

,UNTIL REC5TLY1 NATIONAL-REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS HAVE T5D$ TO GRAVITATE TO 
,RUSSIA TO F9D PROTECTION & SUPPORT4 ,N[ IT IS ,*9A1 :I*1 BY ITS V]Y 
EXI/5CE1 ?REAT5S TO ELIM9ATE ,WE/]N CAPITALISM'S %AKY FOO?OLD 9 
,ASIA BY CALL+ =? NEW NATIONAL-REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS ?AT MI<T PREEMPT 
! PRES5T & FUTURE EXPLOITATION ( ,ASIAN NATIONS BY ,WE/]N CAPITAL4 ,IT IS 
MORE ,*9AS 0BOL%EVISM0 ?AN H] 0NATIONALISM0 :I* 
AGITATES ,AM]ICA SO GREATLY1 EV5 ?\< IT IS ! COMB9ATION ( ! TWO :I* 
PROVES DEADLY TO PRIVATE 5T]PRISE4 

,QUITE 9DEP5D5T ( ! MEAN+ ( !SE T]MS1 ! WORLD WIDE DEF5SE ( 
0FRE$OM0 & 0DEMOCRACY0 EXPRESSES ,AM]ICA'S 
*AUV9ISM AT HOME & H] IMP]IALISM ABROAD4 ,B\ND TO & TAK+ PLEASURE 9 
! REALM ( !IR [N EXI/5CE1 ,AM]ICA'S RUL+ CLASS CANNOT TOL]ATE 
AN EXP&+ SOCIAL SY/EM DIFF]5T FROM ITS [N4 ,IT IS NO CONSOLATION ?AT 
BUS9ESS MAY BE C>RI$ ON ) /ATE-CAPITALI/ NO LESS ?AN 
PRIVATE-5T]PRISE SY/EMS1 = 9 ! ABS5CE ( PRIVATE CAPITAL ABROAD2 !Y 
SEE ! H>B+] ( !IR [N POSSIBLE OBSOLESC5CE AT HOME4 ,! RUL+ 
CLASS' HATR$ ( /ATE-CAPITALI/ SY/EMS1 :I*1 RI<TLY FROM !IR 
PO9T ( VIEW1 !Y EQUATE ) 0COMMUNISM10 IS G5U9E3 ! PURELY 
IDEOLOGICAL EXPRESSION ( ?IS HATE DOES NOT ALT] ! FACT ?AT IT /EMS FROM 
! V]Y MAT]IAL ADVANTAGES ?AT FALL TO ! PRIVILEG$ )9 ! 
PRIVATE-5T]PRISE SY/EM4 ,IT IS NOT AN EMPTY1 SUP]/ITI\S HATE1 BUT RA!R A 
CAPITALI/ CLASS-REACTION TO ALL SOCIAL *ANGE ?AT C\LD BE DETRIM5TAL TO 
PRIVATE CAPITAL4 

,COMPETITION & NATIONAL ANTAGONISMS LEAD TO W>S BETWE5 CAPITALI/ 
NATIONS4 ,9 A S5SE1 W> BETWE5 /ATE-CAPITALI/ & PRIVATE-5T]PRISE 
SY/EMS IS ALSO A =M ( 9T]NATIONAL CAPITAL COMPETITION4 ,BUT ) ?IS 
DIFF]5CE1 ?AT IT 9VOLVES NOT ONLY ECONOMIC 9T]E/S ( 
NATIONALLY-ORGANIZ$ CAPITAL GR\PS BUT ALSO ! DEF5SE1 OR DE/RUCTION1 ( 
DIFF]5T SOCIAL /RUCTURES4 ,A 0CIVIL W>0 ELEM5T 5T]S ! 
IMP]IALI/ RIVALRIES1 EV5 IF ?IS TYPE ( 0CIVIL-W>0 IS C>RI$ 
ON NOT )9 BUT BETWE5 NATIONS4 0,ANTI-COMMUNISM0 MEANS 
OPPOSITION TO ANY & ALL MOVEM5TS & ASPIRATIONS ?AT ?REAT5 EI!R ! 
EXI/5CE OR ! FUTURE ( PRIVATE CAPITAL4 

,TO KEEP ! WORLD OP5 TO CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION HAS BE5 ,AM]ICA'S 
G5]AL POLICY S9CE #a#i#d#e4 ,IT SPR+S DIRECTLY FROM ! EXPANSION REQUIREM5TS 
( PRIVATE CAPITAL &1 %ORT ( ! ABOLITION ( ! M>KET SY/EM1 CANNOT BE 
*ANG$4 ,P>TICUL> 9T]E/S MAY BE LO/1 AS = 9/ANCE ! 9VE/M5TS & 
BUS9ESS ( ,CUBA1 & SIMIL> 9T]E/S MAY BE PRES]V$1 AS BY ! OCCUPATION 
( ! ,DOM9ICAN ,REPUBLIC & ! OV]?R[ ( GOV]NM5TS 9 ,GUATEMALA & 
,IRAN4 ,BUT ! G5]AL POLICY MU/ BE DIRECT$ T[>D EXT5D+ ,AM]ICA'S 
ROLE 9 WORLD ECONOMY4 ,?US IT MU/ SEEK TO PREV5T ! RISE ( 
/ATE-CAPITALI/ SY/EMS 9 REGIONS MAPP$ \T = CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION4 

,! IMP]IALI/ IMP]ATIVE ( CAPITAL EXPANSION IS (T5 D5I$2 ,EUROPEAN 
COLONIALISM IS 5D$ &1 IT IS SAID1 IMP]IALISM NO LONG] PAYS4 ,9DE$1 ! 
TIME SEEMS PA/ :5 A FEW REGIM5TS C\LD CONTROL HUNDR$S ( MILLIONS ( 
PEOPLE1 & ! RETURNS FROM COLONIAL RULE >E DW9DL+ :ILE ! CO/S ( 
EMPIRE >E RIS+4 ,! 0:ITE MAN'S BURD50 HAS BECOME AN 
ACTUAL BURD5 9/EAD ( A BLESS+4 ,AL?\< 9DIVIDUALS & CORPORATIONS 
/ILL 5RI* !MSELVES 5ORM\SLY1 FROM AN OV]ALL PO9T ( VIEW COLONIALISM 
PAYS LESS & LESS2 SO ?AT1 9 P>T1 ! PR9CIPLE ( PR(ITABILITY ITSELF 
SUGGE/S A NEW APPROA* TO IMP]IAL RULE4 ,IMP]IALISM BY 9DIRECTION APPE>S 
MORE PROMIS+ ?AN N9ETE5?-C5TURY COLONIALISM4 ,9 VIEW ( ! 
NATIONAL-REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS1 9DIRECT CONTROL MAY BE SUP]IOR TO DIRECT 
CONTROL 9 ! SAME WAY ?AT ! WAGE-SY/EM PROV$ SUP]IOR TO SLAVE-LABOR4 
,JU/ AS MONOPOLY OV] ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION IS L>GELY SUFFICI5T BY ITSELF1 
TO CONTROL ! WORK+ CLASS1 SO MONOPOLI/IC CONTROL OV] ! DE/9Y ( WORLD 
ECONOMY MAY BE 5\< TO DET]M9E ! BEHAVIOR ( NATIONS SUBJECT$ TO IT4 ,9 
EI!R CASE1 ( C\RSE1 POLITICAL-MILIT>Y =CE /&S READY TO 5SURE ! 
WORK+S ( ! 9DIRECT ME?ODS ( CONTROL2 & :ILE ! LATT] DO WORK !Y 
CREATE ! ILLUSION ( G5]AL CONS5T4 

,AL?\< ?US F> ,WE/]N CAPITALISM HAS DONE V]Y LITTLE TO PRO MOTE 
9DU/RIALIZATION 9 ! UND]DEVELOP$ P>TS ( ! WORLD1 IT IS NOT OPPOS$ 
TO SU* A DEVELOPM5T :]EV] IT MI<T PROVE PR(ITABLE4 ,IT DOES NOT PREF] 
! EXPLOITATION ( ITS [N LABOR+ POPULATION TO ?AT ( O!R NATIONS2 QUITE 
! CONTR>Y4 ,!RE EXI/S1 !N1 AN APP>5T CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! NE$ TO 
KEEP ! WORLD OP5 = FREE 5T]PRISE & ! REFUSAL ( FREE 5T]PRISE TO 
AVAIL ITSELF ( ITS OPPORTUNITIES4 ,BUT ?IS CONTRADICTION M]ELY REFLECTS ! 
CONTRADICTION ( CAPITAL PRODUCTION ITSELF4 ,IT IS NOT DIFF]5T FROM ! 
CONTRADICTION ?AT BUR/S 9TO ! OP5 ) ANY CAPITALI/ CRISIS - 
NAMELY1 ?AT PRODUCTION COMES TO A HALT 9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT ! NE$S ( 
! VA/ MASS ( ! POPULATION >E F> FROM BE+ SATISFI$4 ,PRODUCTION IS 
SL[$ D[N NOT BECAUSE !RE IS TOO MU* ( IT BUT BECAUSE IT BE UNPR(ITABLE4 
,/ILL1 IT WILL NOT 5T] ! M9DS ( ! CAPITALI/S ?AT !IR 9ABILITY TO 
9CREASE PRODUCTION IS REASON 5\< TO ABDICATE 9 FAVOR ( A DIFF]5T SOCIAL 
SY/EM CAPABLE ( COORD9AT+ SOCIAL PRODUCTION TO ACTUAL SOCIAL NE$S4 ,NOR 
WILL IT 5T] !IR M9DS ?AT BECAUSE !Y HAVE NOT 9DU/RIALIZ$ ! WORLD 
& >E1 APP>5TLY1 9CAPABLE ( DO+ SO1 !Y %\LD LEAVE ! WORLD TO 
O!RS :O PRESUMABLY CAN DO SO BY EMPLOY+ PR9CIPLES ( SOCIAL PRODUCTION 
DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ( PRIVATE CAPITAL4 ,JU/ AS !Y DEF5D !IR CONTROL1 
EA* P>TICUL> C\NTRY IRRESPECTIVE ( !IR [N P]=MANCE1 SO WILL !Y 
DEF5D IT 9 ! WORLD AT L>GE4 

,AS !RE IS NO *ANCE ( BREAK+ ! CAPITAL MONOPOLY ( ! 
LONG-E/ABLI%$ CAPITALI/ P[]S BY WAY ( M>KET COMPETITION1 ! 
9DU/RIALIZATION ( UND]DEVELOP$ NATIONS MU/ PROCE$ 9 OPPOSITION TO ! 
CAPITALI/ WORLD M>KET RELATIONS1 ON A NATIONALLY-ORGANIZ$1 NOT A 
FREE-5T]PRISE1 BASIS4 ,?IS POSSIBILITY1 H[EV]1 IS OP5 ONLY TO L>G] 
C\NTRIES1 SU* AS ,RUSSIA & ,*9A1 :]E SOME DEGREE ( 
0SELF-SUFFICI5CY0 IS POSSIBLE4 ,9 MO/ UND]DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES 
0NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE0 DOES NOT ALT] !IR DEP5D5CE ON ! 
DEVELOP$ CAPITALI/ NATIONS1 UNLESS OPPORTUNITIES >ISE = ALIGN+ !IR 
ECONOMIES ) ?OSE ( ! L>GE-SCALE /ATE-CAPITALI/ SY/EMS4 ,HAV+ 
ALREADY BE5 09TEGRAT$0 9TO ! CAPITALI/ WORLD M>KET1 & 
BE+ 9CAPABLE ( A SELF-SU/A9+ EXI/5CE1 !Y REMA91 AS SO-CALL$ 
0?IRD WORLD0 C\NTRIES1 OBJECTS ( =EIGN EXPLOITATION & 
IMP]IALI/ COMPETITION4 

,! NATIONAL-REVOLUTION>Y EX]TIONS ( SU* C\NTRIES >E DISSIPAT$ 9 
9T]NAL P[] /RUGGLES - 9/EAD ( BE+ UTILIZ$ 9 AN ACTUAL 
REORGANIZATION ( !IR SOCIO-ECONOMIC /RUCTURES4 ,!Y GA9 A MEASURE ( 
POLITICAL CONTROL )\T LOS+ !IR ECONOMIC DEP5D5CE UPON ! IMP]IALI/ 
P[]S4 0,EV5 ! MILITANTLY SOCIALI/ LEAD]%IPS10 IT HAS BE5 
NOT$1 >E V]Y C>EFUL NOT TO JEOP>DIZE !IR ECONOMIC SURVIVAL BY 
NATIONALIZ+ =EIGN 5T]PRISE1 LE/ !Y KILL ! GOOSE ?AT LAYS ! GOLD5 
EGGS 444 ,! USUAL C\RSE = ! SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5TS HAS BE5 ! K9D ( 
TACTIC ADOPT$ 9 ,<ANA1 :]E ! RATE ( COMPANY TAX WAS /IFF5$1 WAGE-9 
CREASES ( #b P] C5T W]E 9SI/$ ON1 PLUS AN 9CREAS$ 9VE/M5T LOCALLY 
( #f P] C5T ( NET PR(ITS AFT] TAX4 ,S9CE ?IS LEFT ! M9+ COMPANIES 
/ILL ) DIVID5D RATES ( #de P] C5T1 ! PROSPECT DID NOT T]RIFY !M4 
,! COMPANIES N[ SCRUPUL\SLY /E] CLE> ( ANY SUGGE/ION ( DIRECT 
9T]F]5CE 9 ! NATIONAL ECONOMY1 & >E RAPIDLY 9DIG5IZ+ !IR 
/AFFS4 ,BUT ! 'COLONIAL' *>ACT] ( ! ECONOMY 
REMA9S40.<#e.> 

,H[EV]1 ! CONT9U$ 9DIRECT ECONOMIC DOM9ATION ( ! LESS-DEVELOP$ 
NATIONS BY ,WE/]N CAPITAL (F]S NO SOLUTION = ! ACTUAL NE$S ( ! VA/ 
MASS ( !IR POPULATIONS1 NOR WILL IT SOLVE ! BASIC PROBLEM ( PR(IT = 
,WE/]N CAPITAL4 ,ALL ?AT IT MAY DO IS TO SU/A9 LONG] ! DIS9TEGRAT+ 
CAPITALI/ WORLD ECONOMY4 ,?IS WILL REQUIRE ! BRUTAL SUPPRESSION ( ALL 
RES5TM5T CAUS$ BY GR[+ & UNRELIEV$ SOCIAL MIS]Y4 ,IT IS QUITE SAFE TO 
PR$ICT ?AT LEA/ 9 ! UND]DEVELOP$ P>T ( ! WORLD ! PREVAIL+ 
MIS]Y WILL LEAD TO EV] NEW REBELLIONS AGA9/ ! DOM9AT+ =EIGN P[]S 
& !IR NATIVE COLLABORATORS :E!R !Y BELONG TO T TRADITIONAL RUL+ 
CLASSES OR TO NEW RUL+ CLASSES TOSS$ UP BY ! ANTI-COLONIAL MOVEM5TS4 

,! COLONIALISM ( OLD IS OV]1 IT IS TRUE4 ,BUT IT HAS BE5 REPLAC$ BY A 
SY/EM ( NEOCOLONIALISM1 9 :I* NATIONS ?AT >E NOM9ALLY 9DEP5D5T 
CONT9UE TO BE EXPLOIT$ BY =EIGN CAPITAL4 ,)9 ?IS SETT+1 ! CONTE/ 
BETWE5 ! /ATE-CAPITALI/ & PRIVATE-5T]PRISE SY/EMS = AN 9CREAS+ 
%>E ( WORLD PRODUCTION & TRADE NECESS>ILY CONC]NS ITSELF ) ! FUTURE 
( ! AS YET 0UNCOMMITT$0 NATIONS ( ! 0?IRD 
WORLD40 ,IF !SE NATIONS %\LD TRANS=M !MSELVES 9TO /ATE 
CAPITALI/ SY/EMS1 !Y W\LD PREV5T A FUR!R P5ETRATION ( PRIVATE CAPITAL 
9TO !IR ECONOMIES & GET A MEASURE ( CONTROL OV] !IR TRADE RELATIONS 
:I* W\LD RE/RICT OR EV5 EXCLUDE !IR EXPLOITATION BY ! CAPITALI/ 
NATIONS4 ,?IS W\LD HAMP] ! EXPANSION ( PRIVATE CAPITAL & 5L>GE ! 
0SOCIALI/ WORLD10 LEAD+ TO A MORE RAPID G5]AL TRANS=MATION 
( CAPITALISM FROM ITS PRIVATE-PROP]TY TO ITS /ATE-ORGANIZ$ =M4 
,IMP]IALISM IS ?US NOT ONLY AN 9/RUM5T ( EXPLOITATION & AGGR&IZEM5T2 
= ! ,WE/1 IT IS ! ONLY 9/RUM5T ) :I* TO SAFEGU>D ! FUTURE ( 
PRIVATE CAPITAL4 

,LIKE ! OLD COLONIALISM1 NEOCOLONIALISM IS PRACTIC$ NOT 9 ! 9T]E/S 
( ! IMP]IALI/ NATION AS A NATION1 BUT 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ITS RUL+ 
CLASS1 & TO ! SPECIAL B5EFIT ( ?AT P[]FUL SEGM5T ( ?AT CLASS :I* 
OP]ATES 9T]NATIONALLY & CO-DET]M9ES =EIGN POLICY4 0,:AT IS ! 
REAL VALUE ( !IR ,9DIAN DOM9ION TO ! ,BRITI% NATION & PEOPLE10 
,M>X ONCE ASK$2 = 0DIRECTLY1 ?AT IS 9 ! %APE ( TRIBUTE1 ( 
SURPLUS ( ,9DIAN RECEIPTS OV] ,9DIAN EXP5DITURES1 NO?+ :ATEV] REA*ES 
! ,BRITI% ,TREASURY444 ,SU* BE+ ! CASE1 IT IS EVID5T ?AT ! ADVANTAGE 
( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 FROM H] ,9DIAN ,EMPIRE MU/ BE LIMIT$ TO ! PR(ITS & 
B5EFITS :I* ACCRUE TO 9DIVIDUAL ,BRITI% SUBJECTS 444,AGA9/ ALL ?IS A 
V]Y L>GE (FSET IS TO BE MADE4 ,! MILIT>Y & NAVAL EXP5SES PAID \T ( 
! POCKETS ( ! PEOPLE ( ,5GL& ON ,9DIAN ACC\NT HAVE BE5 CON/ANTLY 
9CREAS+ ) ! EXT5T ( ! ,9DIAN DOM9ION 444 ,ADD TO ?IS ! C>E] ( 
5DLESS CONQUE/ & P]PETUAL AGGRESSION 9 :I* ! ,5GLI% >E 9VOLV$ BY 
! POSSESSION ( ,9DIA1 & IT MAY WELL BE D\BT$ :E!R1 ON ! :OLE1 ?IS 
DOM9ION DOES NOT ?REAT5 TO CO/ QUITE AS MU* AS IT CAN EV] BE EXPECT$ TO 
COME TO40.<#f.> ,! 
FACT ?AT ! CO/S ( 5 BECAME F> GREAT] ?AN ! RETURNS WAS ONE REASON 
?AT DIRECT SUBJUGATION WAS REPLAC$ BY NEOCOLONIALISM4 

,AL?\< ! RETURNS FROM COLONIALISM ACCRUE TO 9DIVIDUALS :ILE ITS CO/S 
>E C>RI$ BY ALL TAXPAY]S1 ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 CO/S & RETURNS F9DS A 
LIMIT 9 ! LIMITATIONS ( SUBSIDIZATION BY WAY ( TAX4 ,UNTIL !SE LIMITS >E 
REA*$1 ! FACT ?AT ! 9COME FROM COLONIAL EXPLOITATION MAY BE LESS ?AN 
! NATIONAL EXP5SE 9VOLV$1 F> FROM DET]R+ COLONIAL ACTIVITIES1 WILL 
RA!R SPUR !M ON 9 ! EXPECTATION ( A F9AL REV]SAL ( ! IMBALANCE4 ,IT 
IS NOT JU/ TO SAFEGU>D ! RETURNS ( SPECIAL 9T]E/S1 = 9/ANCE1 ?AT 
! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T ACCEPTS ! SO MU* L>G] CO/S ( ITS WIDE-SPREAD 
=EIGN 9T]V5TIONS4 ,IT PAYS ! LATT] 9 ! HOPE ( 9CREAS+ ! =M]4 
,?IS MI<T BE1 & MO/ PROBABLY IS1 A HOPELESS TASK1 SO ?AT ! :OLE 
IMP]IALI/IC EF=T MAY ACCOMPLI% NO?+ MORE ?AN SAFEGU>D+ ! RETURNS 
( SPECIAL 9T]E/S1 IF EV5 ?AT4 ,BUT ! PROBABILITY ( SU* NEGATIVE 
RESULTS DOES NOT FREE ! CAPITALI/ NATIONS FROM ! COMPULSIVE NE$ TO 
OP]ATE ON AN 9T]NATIONAL SCALE4 

,EV5 AN ISOLATIONI/1 NON-IMP]IALI/IC ,AM]ICA W\LD BE =C$ TO SUBSIDIZE 
ITS DOM9ANT CAPITAL GR\PS BY WAY ( GOV]NM5T PUR*ASES1 IF ONLY TO AVOID 
! DEPRESSION CONDITIONS ( CAPITAL /AG NATION4 ,!SE SUBSIDIES HAVE TO COME 
\T ( TOTAL PRODUCTION2 ! 0RETURNS0 ( SUBSIDIZ$ CAPITAL IMPLY 
! SOCIAL 0CO/S0 ( WA/E-PRODUCTION4 ,?IS IS PRECISELY ! 
DILEMMA :I* CAPITALISM TRIES TO OV]COME BY EXT]NAL EXPANSION4 ,IMP]IALISM 
PROJECTS ! NATIONAL DILEMMA TO ! 9T]NATIONAL SC5E4 ,BUT !RE IS A 
DIFF]5CE4 ,IF WA/E-PRODUCTION 9 ! =M ( EXP5DITURES = IMP]IALI/IC 
PURPOSES %\LD RESULT 9 ! CREATION ( CONDITIONS = AN ACCEL]AT$ PRIVATE 
CAPITAL EXPANSION1 ! FUTURE 0RETURNS0 MAY WELL EXCE$ ! PRES5T 
0CO/S40 ,9 ?AT CASE1 ! PRODUCTION ( WA/E W\LD HAVE TURN$ 
\T TO BE ! 9/RUM5T = ! PRODUCTION ( CAPITAL1 ! NECESS>Y EXP5SE 
( AN 9CREAS$ EXPLOITATION1 AS HAS BE5 TRUE = ALL PREVI\S IMP]IALI/IC 
ACTIVITY4 ,:]EAS WA/E-PRODUCTION ON A NATIONAL SCALE M]ELY 9CREASES ! 
DIFFICULTIES ( CAPITAL EXPANSION ( :I* IT IS ITSELF AN EXPRESSION1 
WA/E-PRODUCTION BY WAY ( W> MI<T BR+ AB\T /RUCTURAL *ANGES ( WORLD 
ECONOMY & %IFTS ( POLITICAL P[] RELATIONS CONDUCIVE TO A NEW P]IOD ( 
CAPITAL EXPANSION = ! VICTORI\S CAPITALI/ P[]S4 

,SU* CYNICAL NOTIONS RE/ ON ! ILLUSION ?AT CAPITALISM 9 G5]AL1 & 
,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM 9 P>TICUL>1 HAS NO HI/ORICAL B\ND>IES4 ,BUT EV5 IF 
!Y RECOGNIZE ! TR5D T[>DS ! PROGRESSIVE DISSOLUTION ( ! M>KET 
SY/EM1 CAPITALI/S CAN ONLY ACT AS IF ! TR5D WAS NON-EXI/5T1 OR C\LD BE 
HALT$ & REV]S$4 ,BE+ 9 FACT DET]M9$ BY ! TR5D1 !IR ACTIVITIES 
BECOME 9CREAS+LY IMP]IALI/IC1 9 ORD] TO CONTA9 &1 IF POSSIBLE1 TO 
DE/ROY SOCIO-ECONOMIC SY/EMS DIFF]5T FROM !IR [N4 ,! MORE MIX$ !IR 
[N ECONOMIES BECOME1 ! MORE URG5T BECOMES ! NE$ TO >RE/ ! SPREAD ( 
0NATIONALIZATION0 & 0SOCIALIZATION0 )9 ! WORLD 
ECONOMY1 NOT ONLY TO GA9 MORE CONTROL OV] IT BUT ALSO TO LIMIT 
GOV]NM5T-9DUC$ PRODUCTION 9 !IR [N C\NTRIES4 ,IT IS = ?IS REASON 
?AT ! MIX$ ECONOMY REMA9S GE>$ TO W> & MOBILIZATION = W>2 9DE$1 
! MIX$ ECONOMY IS NO?+ O!R ?AN ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY AS A 
SEMI-P]MAN5T W>-ECONOMY4 ,:AT DUR+ ! DEPRESSION APPE>$ AT FIR/ AS A 
POSSIBLE SOLUTION TO ! ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ( ! M>KET SY/EM1 N[ DISPLAYS 
ITSELF AS AN ADD$ CAUSE ( CAPITALI/ IMP]IALISM4 

,H[EV]1 ! CONSEQU5CES ( W> >E B\ND UP ) ! =CES ( PRODUCTION4 
,!SE =CES N[ MAKE POSSIBLE ! DE/RUCTION ( MO/ ( ! WORLD & ITS 
POPULATION1 :I* SEEMS TO PRECLUDE ! UTILIZATION ( W> = PURPOSES ( 
CAPITAL ACCUMULATION4 ,%ORTLY AFT] ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 IT WAS /ILL POSSIBLE TO LOOK 
UPON W> AS A 0NEW 9DU/RY0 CAPABLE ( SOLV+ CAPITALI/ 
PROBLEMS1 9CLUD+ ?AT ( PECUNI>Y PR(ITS4 0,! DE/RUCTION ( ! 
,EUROPEAN ECONOMY10 IT WAS SAID1 0HAS SOLV$ ! PROBLEM ( 
EFFECTIVE DEM& = ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY4 ,DUR+ ! DEPRESSION WE GOT 
NO:]E4 ,! GREAT LACK WAS ! ABS5CE ( EFFECTIVE DEM&4 ,LATELY1 !SE 
DEM&S HAVE BE5 CREAT$ \T ( %E] NECESSITY1 & 444 WE >E 9 A DAWN ( 
! GREATE/ 9DU/RIAL ]A ?IS C\NTRY EV] HAD40.<#g.> ,?IS K9D ( OPTIMISM CANNOT PREVAIL 9 
VIEW ( ! DE/RUCTIV5ESS ( MOD]N W>F>E :I* MAY WELL 9CLUDE ! USE ( 
ATOMIC WEAPONS4 

,H[EV]1 IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO PROCE$ RATIONALLY 9 AN IRRATIONAL WORLD4 
,! RECOGNITION ?AT W> CAN NO LONG] SOLVE ! PROBLEMS ?AT H>ASS ! 
CAPITALI/ WORLD DOES NOT *ANGE A BEHAVIOR PATT]N :I* MAY1 AT ANY TIME1 
ISSUE 9TO W>4 ,NO CAPITALI/ DESIR$ ! LOSSES ( DEPRESSION1 YET ! 
REL5TLESS COMPETITION = CAPITAL NONE!LESS L$ 9TO CRISIS & DEPRESSION2 
9 O!R WORDS1 0NORMAL0 BEHAVIOR CAUS$ ! 
0ABNORMALITY0 ( ! CRISIS4 ,IT IS NO DIFF]5T ) REG>D TO W>4 
,! REL5TLESS DRIVE TO GA9 OR TO RETA9 POLITICAL & ECONOMIC DOM9ANCE IS 
! \TCOME & SUM TOTAL ( ALL ! ASOCIAL BEHAVIOR ?AT *>ACT]IZES SOCIAL 
LIFE UND] CAPITALISM4 ,! RECOGNITION ?AT W> MAY BE SUICIDE1 :I* IS BY NO 
MEANS UNANIM\S1 DOES NOT AFFECT ! DRIFT T[>DS A NEW WORLD W>4 ,?OSE :O 
MAKE POLITICAL DECISIONS >E NO LESS TRAPP$ 9 ?IS CUL-DE-SAC ?AN >E ! 
EMASCULAT$ & 9DIFF]5T MASSES4 ,SIMPLY BY MAK+ ! 0RI<T0 
DECISIONS1 AS DET]M9$ BY ! SPECIFIC NE$S ( !IR NATIONS & ! 
SECURITY ( !IR SOCIAL /RUCTURES1 !Y MAY DE/ROY !MSELVES & A L>GE 
P>T ( ! WORLD4 ,=EIGN POLICY 9 ! PO/W> WORLD HAS BE5 ESS5TIALLY 
NO?+ BUT PREP>ATION = W>1 & ONLY ! P]SPECTIVE ( W> MADE POSSIBLE 
?AT MEASURE ( COLLABORATION :I* ! ,WE/]N ALLIANCES MANIFE/$4 ,ASIDE 
FROM ?IS1 !RE HAS BE5 NO 0POLICY0 AT ALL1 JU/ ?AT 
IMP5ETRABLE AMALGAM ( CONTRADICTORY ACTIONS & REACTIONS BY :I* UNC\NT$ 
SPECIAL 9T]E/S TRY TO ASS]T OR DEF5D !MSELVES4 ,AM]ICA'S PO/W> 
POLICY CONSI/S ( ! ,TRUMAN ,DOCTR9E1 ! ,M>%ALL ,PLAN1 ! ,NOR? ,ATLANTIC 
,TREATY ,ORGANIZATION1 ! ,KOREAN ,W>1 ! ,C>ACAS DECL>ATION1 ! ,S\!A/ 
,ASIA COLLECTIVE DEF5SE TREATY1 ! MUTUAL TREATY ) ,TAIWAN1 ! ,BA<DAD ,PACT 
& ! ,EIS5H[] ,DOCTR9E - A =EIGN POLICY MADE CONSI/5T BY ! 
ACTUALITY OR EXPECTANCY ( W>4 

,! DEF5SE ( ,WE/]N CAPITALISM IS G5]ALLY EXPRESS$ 9 
POLITICAL-IDEOLOGICAL T]MS4 0,COMMUNI/ AGGRESSION0 IS F\<T NOT 
TO MAKE MONEY - AT ANY RATE NOT IMM$IATELY - BUT TO DEF5D 
0FRE$OM0 EV5 :]E IT DOES NOT EXI/ - 
0FRE$OM0 BE+ PRESUMABLY UND]/OOD 9 T]MS ( DEMOCRATIC 
9/ITUTIONS SU* AS PREVAIL 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,! 
\TCOME ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I ASSUR$ A RAPIDLY DEVELOP+ ,AM]ICAN 9T]E/ 9 ! 
NATIONS ( ,S\!A/ ,ASIA4 ,! COLLAPSE ( ,NATIONALI/ ,*9A ONLY GAVE IT 
GREAT] URG5CY4 0,BECAUSE ( ITS IDEOLOGY10 IT WAS SAID BY AN 
,AM]ICAN POLICY-MAK]1 0,COMMUNI/ ,*9A IS A MODEL1 SO TO SAY1 ( 
DOME/IC TOTALIT>IANISM1 9 COMPLETE CONTRA/ TO ! SORT ( DEVELOPM5T ?AT 
WE BELIEVE W\LD FO/] ! TRUE WELF>E ( !SE C\NTRIES40 ,AL?\< 
0WE SEEK NO PREF]R$ ECONOMIC POSITION 9 ?IS >EA 444 \R POLICY SEEKS 
TO DEAL ) ! C5TRAL AGGRESSIVE ,COMMUNI/ P[] & ITS SATELLITES BY 
PREV5T+ !IR EXPANSION AS ! FIR/ & ESS5TIAL /EP T[>DS :ATEV] 
RELATION%IP MAY LAT] EVOLVE40.<#h.> ,*9A MU/ BE CONTA9$2 ?AT IS1 ! NATIONS ( 
,ASIA & ,S\!A/ ,ASIA MU/ BE PREV5T$ FROM LEAV+ ! ,WE/]N FOLD4 

,GIV5 ! WEAK POSITION ( ! RIS+ NATIVE B\RGEOISIE1 IT IS CLE> ?AT 
! POLITICAL /RUCTURES ( EM]G+ NOM9ALLY-DEMOCRATIC NATIONS >E AS 
AU?ORIT>IAN AS !Y >E 9 ! NOM9ALLY-COMMUNI/ NATIONS4 ,BO? 
0COMMUNISM0 & 0DEMOCRACY0 >E H]E PURELY IDEOLOGICAL 
T]MS1 9DICAT+ NO MORE ?AN TWO DIFF]5T DEVELOP M5TAL T5D5CIES - 
! ONE T[>D /ATE-CAPITALISM & AWAY FROM ,WE/]N DOM9ATION1 ! O!R 
T[>DS A M>KET ECONOMY TO BE KEPT 9 ! NEO-COLONIAL /RUCTURE ( ,WE/]N 
CAPITALISM4 ,TO MAKE ! SECOND C\RSE PREVAIL REQUIRES AT TIMES ! PHYSICAL 
PRES5CE ( ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y P[] & ! RETURN TO OLD-/YLE COLONIALISM4 
,! W> 9 ,S\!A/ ,ASIA1 ACCORD+ TO ,SECRET>Y ( ,/ATE ,DEAN ,RUSK1 NOT ONLY 
IS A MORAL IMP]ATIVE BUT ALSO IS NECESSITAT$ BY NATIONAL 9T]E/S4 
0,)9 ! NEXT DECADE OR TWO10 HE HAS SAID1 0!RE WILL BE 
A BILLION ,*9ESE ON ! MA9L&1 >M$ ) NUCLE> WEAPONS1 ) NO 
C]TA9TY AB\T :AT !IR ATTITUDE T[>D ! RE/ ( ,ASIA WILL BE4 ,N[ FROM A 
/RATEGIC PO9T ( VIEW1 IT IS NOT V]Y ATTRACTIVE TO ?9K ( ! WORLD CUT 9 
TWO BY ,ASIAN ,COMMUNISM1 REA*+ \T ?R\< ,S\!A/ ,ASIA & ,9DONESIA1 
:I* WE KN[ HAS BE5 !IR OBJECTIVE2 & ?AT !SE HUNDR$S ( MILLIONS ( 
PEOPLE 9 ! FREE NATIONS ( ,ASIA %\LD BE UND] ! DEADLY & CON/ANT 
PRESSURE ( ! AU?ORITIES 9 ,PEK+1 SO ?AT !IR FUTURE IS CIRCUMSCRIB$ BY 
FE>4 ,N[ !SE >E VITALLY IMPORTANT MATT]S TO US1 :O >E A ,PACIFIC & AN 
,ATLANTIC P[]4 ,AFT] ALL1 ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I HIT US FROM ! ,PACIFIC1 & ,ASIA IS 
:]E TWO-?IRDS ( ! WORLD'S PEOPLE LIVE4 ,SO WE HAVE A TREM5D\S 
/AKE 9 ! ABILITY ( ! FREE NATIONS ( ,ASIA TO LIVE 9 PEACE2 & TO TURN 
! 9T]E/S ( PEOPLE 9 MA9L& ,*9A TO ! PRAGMATIC REQUIREM5TS ( 
!IR [N PEOPLE1 & AWAY FROM ! DOCTR9AIRE & IDEOLOGICAL 
ADV5TURISM40.<#i.> 
,H[EV]1 ,AM]ICA IS NOT ONLY A ,PACIFIC BUT ALSO A CAPITALI/ P[] & IT IS AS 
SU* ?AT %E DESIRES A 0PEACEFUL0 CAPITALI/ ,ASIA - BECAUSE 
,AM]ICA CANNOT DO :AT %E SUGGE/S ! ,*9ESE %\LD DO1 NAMELY CONC5TRATE 
UPON 0! PRAGMATIC REQUIREM5TS ( H] [N PEOPLE40 

#a4 ,G4 ,A4 ,/E9]1 ,MULT9ATIONAL ,CORPORATE ,PLANN+1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#f#f1 P4 #c#a#f4 

#b4 ,H4 ,H4 ,F[L]1 ,NATIONAL ,9T]E/S & ,MULT9ATIONAL ,BUS9ESS1 9 ,MULT9ATIONAL ,PLANN+ P4 #abc 

#c4 ,IBID41 ,P4#a#b#d4 

#d4 ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #a#i#f#f4 

#e4 ,P4 ,WORSLEY1 ,! ,?IRD ,WORLD1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#f#d1 P4 #b#d#a4 

#f4 ,K4 ,M>X1 0,BRITI% ,9COMES 9 ,9DIA10 9 ,ON ,COLONIALISM1 ,MOSC[1 PP4 #a#e#g- 

#g4 ,PROCE$+S ( A ,CONF]5CE SPONSOR$ BY ! ,ECONOMIC & ,BUS9ESS ,F\NDATION4 ,NEW ,WILM+TON1 ,P5NSYLVANIA1 ,DECEMB] #b1 #a#i#d#h1 P4 #ah 

#h4 ,W4 ,P4 ,BUNDY1 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,ASIA1 9 ,*9A & ! ,PEACE ( ,ASIA1 ,$4 BY ,A4 ,BU*AN1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#f#e1 PP4 #a#g-#b#a4 

#i4 ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,OCTOB] #a#c1 #a#i#f#g4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #c1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #ai -- ,ADD$4 

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