,MAGONISM & ,ZAPATISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,FELIPE ,CORREA 

,TEXT 3 

,UNLIKE ! ATTEMPTS AT *ANGE ?AT TAKE PLACE 9SIDE ! /ATE1 !RE >E ?OSE ALT]NATIVES :I* >E \TSIDE ! /ATE4 ,IT IS 9EVITABLE ?AT WE TALK 9 DISPUTE ( P[]1 BUT UND]/&+ P[] AS POLITICAL SPACE1 & NOT AS ! P[] ( ! /ATE & AS DOM9ATION4 ,P[] DOES NOT NECESS>ILY IMPLY DOM9ATION4 ,!RE=E1 IT IS CLE> ?AT SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 AL?\< G5]ALLY CON/ITUT$ \TSIDE ( ! /ATE1 DISPUTE POLITICAL SPACE ) ! /ATE & ! REPRES5TATIVES ( REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY4 ,! MOVEM5TS ?AT HAVE OR HAVE HAD1 9 HI/ORY1 ! OBJECTIVE TO PROVIDE A *ANGE ( /ATUS-QUO1 & GIVE IT A MORE LIB]T>IAN DIRECTION1 C]TA9LY DISPUT$ POLITICAL SPACE ) REACTION & ) ! /ATE4 ,9 ! VA/ MAJORITY ( CASES1 TO CLAIM SOME?+ 9 AN ORGANIZ$ FA%ION1 CON/ITUT$ !M A MOVEM5T4 

,LAT9 ,AM]ICA HAS A GREAT TRADITION ( SOCIAL MOVEM5TS &1 = ?IS DISCUSSION1 ,I BELIEVE IT'S RELEVANT TO USE TWO ( !M1 BO? FROM ,MEXICO 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION ( ! E>LY TW5TIE? C5TURY1 & :I* CONT9UE TO PLAY A MAJOR ROLE 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA UNTIL \R DAYS3 ,MAGONISM & ,ZAPATISM4 

,MAGONISM 

  

,9 #ahgf ! DICTATOR%IP ( ,PORFIRIO ,DIAZ WAS 9ITIAT$2 A GOV]NM5T *>ACT]IZ$ BY ! EXPLOITATION ( ! WORK] & PEASANT CLASSES1 CONC5TRATION ( WEAL?1 POLITICAL P[] & ACCESS TO $UCATION1 BASICALLY 9 ! FAMILIES ( LATIFUNDI/S & =EIGN COMPANIES1 COM+ PR9CIPALLY FROM ,FRANCE1 ,5GL& & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! CONC5TRATION ( L& 9 ,MEXICO WAS ABSURD1 & ! RAN* [N]S W]E 0ABSOLUTE MA/]S ( M5 & ?+S01 ) IMM5SE P[] & RES\RCES4 ,AL?\< ! PEOPLE W]E LIV+ 9 EXTREME POV]TY1 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ,DIAZ 5SUR$ L>GE PR(ITS = CAPITALI/ 9VE/M5T FROM ABROAD4 ,N9E MILLION ,MEXICANS W]E ILLIT]ATE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,PI] ,FRANCESCO ,Z>CONE3  
  

0,! TWO MA9 PILL>S ( ! SY/EM ( RURAL PROP]TIES W]E3  

! 'TI5DAS DE RAYA' .</RIPE /ORES.> - GROC]Y1 LIQUOR & POOR QUALITY CLO?+ /ORES 7! [N]S ( !M W]E ! RAN* [N]S !MSELVES71 :]E ! PEASANTS FROM A F>M W]E =C$ TO MAKE !IR PUR*ASES1 9CLUD+ & ESPECIALLY ON CR$IT2 ?R\< ?IS SY/EM ! F>M]S - :O RESOLD GOODS ( LITTLE VALUE AT HI<] PRICES - ALMO/ RECOV]$ ! MONEY ALLOCAT$ = WAGES & 9DEBT$ PEASANTS C\LD NOT MOVE FROM ! F>MS :]E !Y WORK$ BE=E PAY+ !IR DEBTS AS CONTRACT$ 7?IS SY/EM IS /ILL 9 USE 9 MANY P>TS ( ,S\? ,AM]ICA72  

! 'LEY DE FUGA' .<LAW ( ESCAPE.> - :I* ALL[$ [N]S TO KILL ! FUGITIVE PEASANT2 = ! REBEL WORK]S A PUNI%M5T WIDELY US$ WAS TO BURY ! REBEL 9 A HOLE 9 ! GR\ND1 ) !IR HEAD /ICK+ \T1 & CRU% IT BY GALLOP+ HORSES OV] IT40.<#a.>  
  
  

,) ! OBJECTIVE ( COMBAT+ !SE 9JU/ICES1 WAS CON/ITUT$1 9 ! SECOND HALF ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 A LIB]T>IAN RESI/ANCE V]Y RI* 9 ITS DIV]SITY4 ,MANY W]E EXAMPLES ( ASSOCIATIONS ( MUTUAL AID 7,SOCI$AD ,P>TICUL> DE ,SOCORROS ,MUTUOS .<,P>TICUL> ,SOCIETY ( ,MUTUAL ,AID.>71 MILITANT GR\PS 7,A ,SOCIAL .<,! ,SOCIAL.>1 ,SOCI$AD ,AGRICOLA ,ORI5TAL .<,EA/ ,AGRICULTURAL ,SOCIETY.>71 /RIKES ORGANIZ$ BY WORK]S1 LIB]T>IAN S*OOLS 7,ESCUELA DEL ,RAYO Y DEL ,SOCIALISMO .<,S*OOL ( ,RAY & ,SOCIALISM.>71 /UDY GR\PS 7,GRUPO DE ,E/UDIANTES ,SOCIALI/AS .<,SOCIALI/ ,/UD5TS ,GR\P.>71 & ! =MATION ( ! ,CONGRESSO ,G5]AL ,OBR]O DA ,REPUBLICA ,MEXICANA .<,G5]AL ,WORK]S' ,CONGRESS ( ! ,MEXICAN ,REPUBLIC.>4 ,WE CAN CITE ALSO ! V]Y CON/ITUTION ( ! ,MEXICAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 :I* HAD ,BAKUN9I/ T5D5CIES4 ,! GOV]NM5T BEGAN A WAVE ( REPRESSION1 CLOS+ ! AN>*I/ CIRCLES & 5D+ VIOL5TLY ) TWO UPRIS+S ORGANIZ$ BY WORK]S4 

,SOME YE>S LAT]1 ALREADY 9 ! BEG9N+ ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 ,RIC>DO ,FLORES ,MAGON W\LD BE ONE ( ! MAJOR REPRES5TATIVES ( LIB]T>IAN IDEALS 9 ! FI<T AGA9/ ! ,DIAZ DICTATOR%IP4 0,! APO/LE ( ! ,MEXICAN SOCIAL REVOLUTION0 AS HE WAS CALL$ BY ,DIEGO ,A4 DE ,SANTILLAN1 BEGAN HIS CAMPAIGN AGA9/ A NEW ,DIAZ C&IDATURE A FEW YE>S BE=E ! TURN ( ! C5TURY1 & LITTLE BY LITTLE HE BECAME 9CREAS+LY ORI5T$ T[>DS LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM4 ,9 #ai HE F\ND$ ! J\RNAL ,REG5]ACION .<,REG5]ATION.> ?AT SOON BECAME ONE ( ! L>GE/ VEHICLES ( ! WORK]S PRESS & :OSE GOAL WAS ! OV]?R[ ( ! DICTATOR%IP & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM1 :I* ,MAGON SO WELL LE>N FROM ! READ+S ( ,KROPOTK94 ,9 ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN'S DESCRIPTION3  
  

0,ON ,AUGU/ #g1 #ai ! FIR/ ISSUE ( ,REG5]ACION APPE>$ 9 ,MEXICO1 COMPOS$ BY ,RIC>DO ,FLORES ,MAGON & HIS OLD] BRO!R1 ,JESUS4 ,! LANGUAGE ( ?IS J\RNAL1 :I* W\LD EX]T GREAT 9FLU5CE ON ! FATE ( ! ,MEXICAN PEOPLE1 L$ TO ! SURPRISE ( ,DIAZ & ! 'SCI5TI/S'2 ONE SOON SAW ?AT BEH9D ?IS D>+ PUBLICATION WAS AN 9DOMITABLE WILL2 )\T ANY EF=T ! ANTI-,PORFIRIOI/S ( ,MEXICO ,CITY W]E ASSEMBL+ >\ND ,RIC>DO ,FLORES ,MAGON1 9 :OM !Y SAW ! MO/ CONSCI\S BRA9 & MO/ RESOLUTE WILL AGA9/ ! TYRANNY ( ,G5]AL ,DIAZ40.<#b.>  
  

,9 #aia ,MAGON ALSO JO9$ ! ,P>TIDO ,LIB]AL ,MEXICANO .<,MEXICAN ,LIB]AL ,P>TY.> 7,P,L,M71 :I* HAD BE5 F\ND$ A YE> E>LI]4 ,! PROGRAM ( ! P>TY HAD A RADICAL LIB]AL DIRECTION & ! OBJECTIVES W]E AB\T ! CRITICISM ( ! ,CA?OLIC POLITICAL CL]GY :I* EM]G$ 9 DEF5SE ( ! 9T]E/S ( ! L>GE L&[N]S & CAPITALI/ 5TREPR5EURS4 ,BESIDES1 IT EMPHASIZ$ ! IMPORTANCE ( CLAIM+ ! RI<TS ( ,MEXICAN CITIZ5S & ! AB&ONM5T ( ! BELIEF ?AT ! GOV]NM5T W\LD BE ! SOLUTION TO ALL ILLS4 ,IT EMPHASIZ$ COLLECTIVE ACTION AS ! MA9 ELEM5T ( DEMOCRACIES4 

,DUR+ ! 5TIRE P]IOD ( DICTATOR%IP1 ! ,P,L,M & ! P]IODICAL ,REG5]ACION - BO? V]Y 9FLU5C$ BY ,MAGON - W]E MAJOR OPPON5TS ( ! REGIME1 ADVOCAT+ AN 5D TO DICTATOR%IP & ! ,PORFIRI/A REGIME4 ,MOREOV]1 BY VIRTUE ( ?IS LIB]T>IAN 9FLU5CE PRES5T 9 ! P>TY FROM ! SECOND HALF ( ! #a#iS1 ! ,P,L,M RADICALIZ$1 TURN+ TO A MORE COMBATIVE DISC\RSE & CREAT+ AN 9T]NAL T5SION )9 ! P>TY1 :I* REPELL$ ! LESS RADICAL ELEM5TS4 ,IT IS WOR? EMPHASIZ+ ?AT ! P>TY DID NOT COMPETE 9 ! ELECTIONS1 & S]V$ ONLY AS A SPACE = HORIZONTAL >TICULATION ( ! LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION>IES ( ! TIME1 )\T ! OBJECTIVE ( TAK+ ! /ATE & E/ABLI% A DICTATOR%IP1 BUT TO PUT AN 5D TO ! GOV]NM5T ( ,DIAZ1 E/ABLI%+ LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM 9 ITS PLACE4 ,9 #aif ! ,P,L,M LAUN*$ ITS PROGRAM & ALSO ! ,MANIFE/O TO ! ,MEXICAN ,NATION1 A DOCUM5T ( GREAT IMPORTANCE TO ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! TIME & :I* PROPOS$ A /RATEGY TO 5D ! DICTATOR%IP ( ,DIAZ & ! L& /RUCTURES4 ,! ,P,L,M TURN$ CL&E/9E & ORGANIZ$ MORE ?AN #d GR\PS ( >M$ RESI/ANCE ?R\<\T ,MEXICO & ALSO HAD 9DIG5\S MEMB]S1 KN[N = !IR /RUGGLE = ! RI<TS ( COMMUNITIES & AGA9/ CAPITALI/ PROP]TY4 ,AFT] RADICALIZATION1 ,FRANCISCO ,MAD]O - A BUS9ESSMAN :O SYMPA?IZ$ ) ! SOCIAL RE=MS & :O CAME1 /ILL 9 #a#i#e1 TO GIVE HIS BLESS+ TO ! ,P,L,M - E/ABLI%$ DISAGREEM5T ?AT PEACEFUL MEANS TO TAKE ,DIAZ'S P[] W\LD BE EXHAU/$4 

,! ELECTORAL FRAUD ( #aia COMM&$ BY ,DIAZ1 GAVE 9ITIATIVE TO ! EXPLOSION ( ! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,) ! >RE/ ( ,MAD]O1 HIS OPPON5T 9 ! ELECTIONS1 HE SUCCE$$ TO BE REELECT$ AGA94 ,EXIL$ 9 ,SAN ,ANTONIO1 9 ,TEXAS1 ,MAD]O DREW UP ! ,PLAN ( ,SAN ,LUIS1 CALL+ = AN >M$ UPRIS+ ON ,NOVEMB] #b1 9 ADDITION TO DECL>+ VOID ! ELECTIONS ( #a#i#a1 REJECT+ ! ELECTION ( ,DIAZ & 9/ITUT+ HIMSELF AS PROVISIONAL PRESID5T4 ,MANY REBELS RESPOND$ TO ! REVOLUTION>Y CALL1 AMONG !M ,EMILIANO ,ZAPATA1 :O PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( ! 9DIG5\S ( ! ,MORELOS REGION1 & ,PAN*O ,VILLA1 A =M] CATTLE ?IEF & BANK ROBB]1 V]Y RECOGNIZ$ BY ! HUMBLE ( ! REGIONS ( ,DURANGO & ,*IHUAHUA4 ,!Y W]E UNIT$ 9 AN ANTI-RE-ELECTIONI/ FRONT1 :I* GAVE EA* GR\P A RELATIVE DEGREE ( AUTONOMY & 9DEP5D5CE4 

,ALREADY 9 #a#i#a#a1 9 ! MID/ ( REVOLUTION & ) SUPPORT FROM ! ,U4,S4 ,I,W,W UNION1 ! AN>*I/S1 :O HAD ,MAGON AT !IR FRONT1 OCCUPI$ ! REGION ( ,L[] ,CALI=NIA1 TAK+ CITIES ( IMPORTANCE SU* AS ,MEXICALI4 ,AT ! 5D ( ! MON? ( ,JANU>Y1 !Y CON/ITUT$ ! 0,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLIC ( ,L[] ,CALI=NIA01 ! FIR/ SOCIALI/ REPUBLIC 9 ! WORLD4 ,! ,MAGONI/S ALSO HAD VICTORIES 9 CITIES LIKE ,NOVO ,LEON1 ,*IHUAHUA1 ,SONORA1 ,GUADALUPE & ,CASAS ,GR&ES2 SPACES ?AT W\LD BE LO/ AFT] ! REPRESSION OCCASION$ BY ! ,MAD]O GOV]NM5T4 ,9CID5TALLY1 WE REMEMB] ?AT BE=E ! RISE TO P[] ( ,MAD]O1 ,MAGON WAS 9VIT$ TO BECOME VICE PRESID5T ( ,MEXICO1 :I* HE REFUS$1 9 HONOR ( HIS LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ FLAG4 

,A L>GE P>T ( ! REVOLUTION>IES BROKE ) ,MAD]O BY REASON ( ! AMPLY B\RGEOIS CON/ITUTION ( HIS GOV]NM5T & ?AT HE DID NOT HAVE ANY ASPIRATIONS TO GO BEYOND LIB]ALISM4 ,ONE ( !SE REVOLTS1 ORGANIZ$ BY ,ZAPATA 9 ! /ATE ( ,MORELOS & ! ,PLAN ( ,AYALA LAUN*$ 9 ,NOVEMB] #aiaa 7& ?AT DEM&$ ! OV]?R[ ( ! ,MAD]O GOV]NM5T & PROPOS$ A L& RE=M PROCESS ) CONTROL BY ! PEASANT COMMUNITIES7 =M$ !MSELVES AS TOOLS 9 ! /RUGGLE ( ! PEASANTS = ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9 ! C\NTRY1 ALWAYS 9SPIR$ BY ! MOTTO ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD .<,L& & ,FRE$OM.>4 ,AS ! HI/ORIAN ,ALEX&RE ,SAMIS EMPHASIZ$1  
  

0! REVOLUTION>Y CRY ( ,L& & ,FRE$OM .<444.> W\LD HAVE BE5 *ANT$ FIR/ BY ! AN>*I/ POET & MILITANT ,PRAX$IS ,GU]R]O & !N DISSEM9AT$ BY ! ,MAGONI/S4 .<,IT WAS !N ?AT.> ,SOTO Y ,GAMA1 A ,MAGONI/ V]Y CLOSE TO ,EMILIANO ,ZAPATA1 W\LD COME TO POPUL>IZE IT )9 ! ,ZAPATI/A REVOLUTION>Y >MY40.<#c.>  
  

,ANO!R 9T]E/+ FACT ?AT PROVES ! CLOS5ESS BETWE5 ,ZAPATA & ,MAGON HAPP5$ :5 ,ZAPATA 9VIT$ ,MAGON1 9 #a#i#a#e1 TO BR+ ! P]IODICAL ,REG5]ACION TO ,MORELOS1 PUTT+ AT HIS DISPOSAL ! MEANS ?AT W\LD GIVE ! J\RNAL A NATIONAL EXPANSION4 ,?AT 5D$ UP NOT WORK+ \T [+ TO REASONS ( HEAL? PROBLEMS & >RE/S ?AT HAPP5$ ) ,MAGON1 & BECAUSE HE BELIEV$ ?AT IF ! NEWSPAP] W\LD REMA9 9 ! ,U4,S4 7AS IT WAS AT ?AT TIME71 ! 9T]NATIONALI/ P]SPECTIVE W\LD BE FAVOR$4 

,AFT] ?AT1 ,MEXICO SANK 9TO A P]IOD ( CIVIL W> & TRI$ TO E/ABLI% A ,CONV5TION1 ALREADY AT ! 5D ( #a#i#a#d4 ,! FACTS ?AT HAPP5$ 9 SEQU5CE1 LIKE ! ATTEMPT BY ,VILLA & ,ZAPATA TO TAKE ,MEXICO ,CITY1 ! CONV5+ ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY BY ,C>RANZA1 :O AFT]W>DS WAS ELECT$ PRESID5T & !N MURD]$1 & ! CONFLICTS ?AT FOLL[$ 9 ! C\NTRY 5D$ UP CON/ITUT+ ! CONTEXT ( ! DECAD5CE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD 9 ! C\NTRY4 

,ZAPATISM 

  

,9SPIR$ OP5LY 9 ?IS CONTEXT ( ! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION1 ALREADY AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#i#iS1 >OSE ! NEW ,ZAPATI/A MOVEM5T4 ,UNSATISFI$ ) ! POLICY ( DEVOTION TO NEO-LIB]AL CAPITALISM ADOPT$ BY ! WORLD1 9DIG5\S PEASANTS 9 ! S\? ( ! C\NTRY - MORE SPECIFICALLY ! REGION ( ,*IAPAS 9 ,MEXICO - CONC5TRAT$ !MSELVES 9 ! ,MEXICAN JUNGLE & BEGAN A PROCESS ( DISCUSSION & AN ATTEMPT TO UNITE =CES & MEMB]%IP 9 !IR /RUGGLE AGA9/ NEO-LIB]ALISM & ! CONSEQU5CES ( ! POLICIES ( ,N,A,F,T,A1 :I* WAS S*$UL$ TO COME 9TO =CE ON ! FIR/ ( ,JANU>Y #a#i#i#d4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! 9DIG5\S1 ! SIGN+ ( ,N,A,F,T,A W\LD BE A DEA? S5T5CE = !M1 A TREATY ?AT W\LD FUR!R B5EFIT ! RI* 9 ,MEXICO BY 9CREAS+ ! CONC5TRATION ( WEAL? 9 ! C\NTRY & PREJUDIC+ ! POORE/4 ,= ! SAME DAY AS ! BEG9N+ ( ,N,A,F,T,A ?IS GR\P ( ,9DIANS1 :O CALL$ !MSELVES ! ,ZAPATI/A ,>MY ( ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION 7,E,Z,L,N71 PLANN$ AN UPRIS+1 :I* 5D$ UP TAK+ QUITE A SEV]E =M1 ! :OLE WORLD OV]4 ,ITS ASSESSM5T ( ! ,MEXICAN CONTEXT 9DICAT$ ?AT ! ,E,Z,L,N SAW ! SITUATION 9 ,MEXICO AS A COLONIAL C\NTRY DOM9AT$ BY ! ,U,S,A1 & ?AT TO BE ABLE TO MAKE ! TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY & SOCIALISM W\LD REQUIRE A REVOLUTION4 ,?US ! NAME ( ! ,E,Z,L,N WAS *OS54 

,! ,E,Z,L,N S5T1 FROM !N ON1 COMMUNICATIONS TO ! :OLE WORLD1 CRITICIZ+ NEO-LIB]AL CAPITALISM & ACC\NT+ ! REALITIES ( ! UPRIS+ :I* OCCURR$ & ! AUTONOM\S COMMUNITY ?AT HAD =M$ 9 ,*IAPAS4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 ! /ORY ( ,*IAPAS W5T BEYOND ! BORD]S ( ,MEXICO4 ,EV5 ?\< ! ,E,Z,L,N WAS AN >M$ NATIONAL LIB]ATION MOVEM5T1 IT DID NOT RECEIVE REPULSE FROM ! GLOBAL POPULATION & 9T]NATIONALIZ$ ITSELF1 BE+ SYMPA!TIC TO ! CAUSES ( O!R PLACES 9 ! WORLD4 

,EV5 ?\< MU* ( ! ,MEXICAN POPULATION IS NOT FULLY PREP>$ TO JO9 ! >M$ /RUGGLE1 ! ,ZAPATI/A UPRIS+ 5D$ UP 9SPIR+ GR\PS & MOVEM5TS >\ND ! WORLD4 ,AB\T ! FACT ?AT IT IS AN >M$ MOVEM5T1 ! ,E,Z,L,N JU/IFIES3  
  

0,BUT = SOLDI]S TO NO LONG] BE NECESS>Y IT IS NE$$ TO TURN 9TO A SOLDI] & %OOT A C]TA9 AM\NT ( HOT LEAD1 WRIT+ FRE$OM & JU/ICE = ALL1 NOT = SOME1 BUT = EV]YONE1 ALL ( ! DEAD FROM YE/]DAY & TOMORR[1 ! LIV+ ( TODAY & ALWAYS1 = ALL ?OSE :O WE CALL ! PEOPLE & HOMEL&1 ! EXCLUD$1 ?OSE :O W]E BORN TO LOSE1 ! NAMELESS1 ! FACELESS40.<#d.>  
  

,! CONCEPTION ( ! ,E,Z,L,N TO $UCATE CIVIL SOCIETY BY MEANS ( FACTS HAS BE5 IMPLEM5T$ ) ! DIVULG5CE ( ! POLITICAL REALITY ( ! COMMUNITIES ( ,*IAPAS1 &1 9 ?IS WAY1 ! ,ZAPATI/A 9SURG5TS HAVE BECOME A MODEL = ! LEFT ! :OLE WORLD OV]4 ,! TIRELESS /RUGGLE AGA9/ NEO-LIB]AL POLICIES & = ! DEMILIT>IZATION ( ! AUTONOM\S ZONE ?AT WAS CREAT$1 WAS A S\RCE ( 9SPIRATION TO ALL MILITANTS :O ADVOCAT$ A POLITICAL /RUGGLE BY MEANS ( DIRECT ACTION1 ) DECISIONS BE+ MADE 9 A DEMOCRATIC MANN]1 TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT AUTONOMY & EQUALITY BETWE5 G5D]S4 ,! CRITICISM ( REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY & ! COLLECTIVE GOALS ( ! ,ZAPATI/AS CAN ALSO BE CIT$ AS SIGNIFICANT TRACES ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,!Y SAY ?AT3  
  

0! PEOPLE LIMIT !MSELVES ONLY TO ELECT 'REPRES5TATIVES' (F]$ TO !M4 ,!IR 9VOLVEM5T ONLY OCCURS AT ! TIME ( ! ELECTION1 TO GIVE Y\R VOTE = ?IS OR ?AT C&IDATE4 ,= ! RE/ ( ! TIME1 !Y >E KEPT AS A M]E SPECTATOR ( ! SOCIAL SC5E & ONE DOESN'T MAKE ! SLI<TE/ EF=T TO 9VOLVE !M :5 ! MATT] IS TO ORGANIZE ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL LIFE ( ! C\NTRY4 .<444.> ,9 ORD] ?AT IT BE POSSIBLE TO REV]T ?IS SITUATION1 ! ,E,Z,L,N BECOMES A REF]5CE & A WAY = PEOPLE TO CEASE TO BE SPECTATORS & TO HAVE AN ACTIVE P>TICIPATION 9 EV]YDAY SOCIAL LIFE1 SO ?AT REBELLION & RESI/ANCE GA9 BODY & M9D1 9 ORD] TO REALIZE ! HOPE ?AT ?+S MAY BE DIFF]5T ?AN :AT !Y >E & ?AT ! CON/RUCTION ( A BETT] WORLD ONLY DEP5DS ON ! 9VOLVEM5T & P>TICIPATION ( EV]Y ONE TO ELIM9ATE ALL =MS ( DISCRIM9ATION & EXPLOITATION4 .<,! MEMB]S ( ! ,E,Z,L,N.> DO NOT WANT TO HAVE ! HONOR ( >RIV+ ALONE1 DO NOT PURSUE ! PRIVILEGE ( SITT+ 9 HI<] PLACES1 BUT D$ICATE !MSELVES TIRELESSLY TO 5SURE ?AT !RE WILL BE EV]Y?+ = EV]YONE40.<#e.>  
  

,AFT] ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,ZAPATI/A ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT 7,F,Z,L,N7 - CIVIL >M ( ! ,E,Z,L,N & :OSE GOAL WAS TO SET ITSELF UP AS A CIVIL & PEACEFUL POLITICAL ORGANIZATION1 ?AT W\LD NOT FI<T = ! SEIZURE ( P[] - 9 #b#e1 ! ,E,Z,L,N LAUN*$ ! ,O!R ,CAMPAIGN4 ,) ?IS1 ! ,E,Z,L,N 9T5D$ TO DEVOTE ITSELF TO OP51 CIVIL & PEACEFUL POLITICAL WORK1 GIV+ ROOM TO A NEW PHASE ( ,ZAPATI/A /RUGGLE ) VIEWS ON DEMOCRACY1 FRE$OM & JU/ICE4 ,CONT9U+ ! RADICAL CRITIQUE ( 9/ITUTIONAL POLICY & PROPOS+ A =MAL BREAK ) ! ,MEXICAN ,DEMOCRATIC ,REVOLUTION>Y ,P>TY 7,P,R,D7 - A SUPPOS$LY LEFT P>TY ( ! C\NTRY - :I* IS DEF5D$ 9 ! ,SIX? ,DECL>ATION ( ! ,LAC&ONA ,JUNGLE1 ! ,E,Z,L,N PROPOS$ A =M ( POLITICS :I* OPPOSES ELECTIONS & 9/ITUTIONAL MEANS1 EMPHASIZ+ ! LEFT & ANTI-CAPITALI/ SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,= !M1 9 ?IS CAMPAIGN1 ! FOCUS IS TO BR+ !IR CONCEPTION AS A SOCIAL MOVEM5T TO O!R REGIONS ( ,MEXICO & ! WORLD4 ,IT IS TO %[ ?AT ! P[] ( DECISIONS & ! MANAGEM5T ( ! LIFE ( ! PEOPLE %\LD NOT BE GIV5 TO A GOV]NM5T OR ANY 9/ITUTIONAL P[] ?AT IS ABOVE !M4 ,IT IS TO %[ ?AT ! PEOPLE MU/ ORGANIZE !MSELVES AS A PEOPLE TO H&LE !IR [N AFFAIRS & TAKE ! POLITICAL SPACE 79 T]MS ( DECISION-MAK+7 ?AT !Y W]E ROBB$ ( BY ! BUREAUCRACY ( GOV]NM5TS & 9/ITUTIONAL POLITICAL P>TIES4 

,) ! OBJECTIVE ( FULFILL+ ! DEM&S CREAT$ BY ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! AUTONOM\S MUNICIPALITIES1 >OSE ! ,GOOD ,GOV]NM5T ,JUNTAS :I* CON/ITUTES ANO!R 9T]E/+ EXAMPLE ( POLITICS MADE BY CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,! ,JUNTAS HAVE AN OBJECTIVE TO FUNCTION AS A S*OOL ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 GIV+ SPACE TO & 5C\RAG+ ! PUBLIC TO TAKE DECISIONS 9 A NON-HI]>*ICAL MANN] & )\T CORRUPTION3 PROP] SELF-MANAGEM5T OR SELF-GOV]NM5T4 ,AS ! ,ZAPATI/AS SAID1 !Y 0COMM& OBEY+01 & !N1 !Y /IMULATE DISCUSSIONS & COLLECTIVE DECISION-MAK+4 ,! ,JUNTAS W]E CON/ITUT$ TO REORGANIZE ! OLD ,ZAPATI/A AUTONOM\S MUNICIPALITIES1 TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ! DEM&S ( ! ,ZAPATI/AS1 ! PEASANTS & 9DIG5\S ,MEXICANS4 ,?US1 !Y S]VE AS A BRIDGE = ! >TICULATION BETWE5 ! DIV]SE ,ZAPATI/A MUNICIPALITIES1 PRES]V+ ! AUTONOMY 9 RELATION TO ! /ATE CONTROLL$ BY ,VIC5TE ,FOX4.<#f.> 

,A ,P>ADIGM ( ,ACTUAL ,RESI/ANCE 

  

,I BELIEVE IT'S IMPORTANT TO HI<LI<T ! 0NEO-,MAGONISM0 9 9CREAS+ DEVELOPM5T 9 ,MEXICO4 ,9 ! SAME WAY 9SPIR$ BY ! PR9CIPLES RAIS$ BY ! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION1 & TO A GREAT EXT5T BY ! ,ZAPATI/AS1 ! CONTEMPOR>Y ,MAGONI/AS >E ALSO WORK+ = ! CREATION ( ALT]NATIVES TO /ATE P[]1 /IMULAT+ ! AUTONOMY TO BE ABLE TO EX]CISE !IR RI<TS 9 PRACTICE4 ,?US1 ! ,MAGONI/AS & ,ZAPATI/AS ( TODAY HAVE E/ABLI%$ A DIALOGUE ?AT TAKES PLACE 9 ! ORGANIZATIONAL F\NDATIONS ( LEFT-W+ ?\<T1 \TSIDE ! 9/ITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK1 :I* MEETS ! DEM&S ( ! 9DIG5\S ISSUES ON A REVOLUTION>Y1 NON-HI]>*ICAL & ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN BASIS4 ,FRUIT ( ?IS EX*ANGE1 ! ,ALIANCA ,MAGONI/A ,ZAPATI/A .<,ZAPATI/A ,MAGONI/A ,ALLIANCE.> 7,A,M,Z71 :I* CONSI/S ( 9DIG5\S GR\PS & MILITANT ORGANIZATIONS1 SURG$ 9 #b1 DECL>$ ITS FI<T AGA9/ ! 9JU/ICES ?AT OCCUR AGA9/ ! POOR & OPPRESS$ PEOPLE1 AGA9 BR++ TO LI<T ! SLOGAN 0,L& & ,FRE$OM01 SYMBOL ( ! ,MAGONI/A-,ZAPATI/A COOP]ATION ( A NOT SO REC5T PA/4 ,MOREOV]1 !Y PO9T \T ! IMPORTANCE ( 0ANO!R WAY ( DO+ POLITICS0 & ( ! REJECTION ( /ATE P[]1 SAY+3 0WE DO NOT ASPIRE TO EX]CISE P[]1 BUT TO BUILD A FREE1 FAIR & DEMOCRATIC WORLD40 

,= ?OSE :O HOPE TO TRACE A P>ADIGM ( /RUGGLES FROM ! #b#a/ C5TURY1 :I* HAS AS ITS OBJECTIVE ! 5D+ ( EXPLOITATION1 IT IS WOR? KN[+ ?AT EV5 )9 \R ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 MOVEM5TS ( GREAT IMPORTANCE >E TAK+ PLACE1 & ?AT !Y HAVE 9 !IR MID/ MU* MORE DEMOCRACY & FRE$OM ?AN ALL ! /ATE PROJECTS 9 VOGUE TODAY4 ,MEXICAN ,MAGONISMO & ,ZAPATISMO >E JU/ TWO EXAMPLES ( SO MANY MOBILIZATIONS ?AT1 LIKE SECTORS ( ! PIQUET]OS 9 ,>G5T9A1 SECTORS ( ! L&LESS & HOMELESS MOVEM5TS 9 ,BRAZIL1 ! ,FREE ,PASS ,MOVEM5T1 AMONG O!RS1 QUE/ION1 \TSIDE ( ! /ATE1 ! /ATUS-QUO & (F] A LIB]T>IAN P]SPECTIVE ON TRANS=M+ ! WORLD4 ,! QUE/ION IS :E!R ! LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S ( TODAY WILL ACCOMPANY !SE MOVEM5TS1 & TRY TO 9FLU5CE !M AS MU* AS IS POSSIBLE1 OR IF !Y WILL SIMPLY AB&ON ! TRA9 ( HI/ORY1 LEAV+ !M ONLY TO ! T5TACLES ( ! /ATE1 ! ALI5ATION ( CAPITALISM1 & ! ILL-ELEM5TS ?AT SEEK EV]Y DAY TO USE !M1 CLE>LY 9 A BAD WAY4 

.<#a.> ,PI] ,FRANCISCO ,Z>CONE4 ,! ,AN>*I/S 9 ! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,I US$ ?IS GREAT >TICLE TO LEAD ?IS TEXT AB\T ! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,Z>CONE'S >TICLE1 ) A NEW APP5DIX FROM ! AU?OR DISCUSS+ ,ZAPATISMO & ,MAGONISMO TODAY1 WAS PUBLI%$ BY ,FAISCA ,PUBLICATIONS 9 #b#f4 ,! NAME 0/RIPE /ORES0 WAS US$ BECAUSE ! L>G] P>T ( ! WORK]S WAS ILLIT]ATE & 9 ! PAYM5T REGI/] BOOKS1 9/EAD ( A SIGNATURE1 !Y US$ TO PUT A /RIPE4 

.<#b.> ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN4 ,RIC>DO ,FLORES ,MAGON3 ! APO/LE ( ! ,MEXICAN REVOLUTION4 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO _/ ,SAO ,PAULO3 ,A*IAME _/ ,F,>,J_/ ,FAISCA1 #b#f4 

.<#c.> ,ALEX&RE ,SAMIS4 0,PRES5TATION0 ,93 ,RIC>DO ,FLORES ,MAGON3 ,! ,MEXICAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,SAO ,PAULO3 ,IMAG9>IO1 #bc P4 #a#i4 

.<#d.> ,EMILIO ,G5N>I4 ,*IAPAS3 ,ZAPATI/A COMMUNITIES REWRITE HI/ORY4 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO3 ,A*IAME1 #bb P4 #f4 

.<#e.> ,IBID4 PP4 #e#h2 #e#i2 #a#c4 

.<#f.> ,?IS >TICLE WAS ORIG9ALLY WRITT5 9 #b#f1 & ,VIC5TE ,FOX IS NO LONG] /ATE PRESID5T4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #a#d? ,OCTOB] #bba FROM WWW4AN>KISMO4NET47 

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