',LOOK+ ,BACKW>D' 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 0',LOOK+ ,BACKW>D'0 ,COMMONWEAL1 ,VOL #e1 ,NO4 #a#h1 #bb ,JUNE #a#h#h#i1 P4#a#i#d-#a#i#e2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,T$ ,CRAW=D4 

,WE (T5 HE> IT SAID ?AT ! SIGNS ( ! SPREAD ( ,SOCIALISM AMONG ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ PEOPLE >E BO? ABUNDANT & /RIK+4 ,?IS IS TRUE2 SIX OR SEV5 YE>S AGO ! WORD ,SOCIALISM WAS KN[N 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 BUT FEW EV5 AMONG ! '$UCAT$' CLASSES KNEW MORE AB\T ITS MEAN+ ?AN ,MR ,BRADLAU<1 ,MR ,GLAD/ONE1 OR ,ADMIRAL ,MAXSE KN[ N[ -- IE41 NO?+4 ,:]EAS AT PRES5T IT IS FA%IONABLE = EV5 ,WE/-5D D9N]-P>TIES TO AFFECT AN 9T]E/ 9 & KN[L$GE ( IT1 :I* 9DICATES A WIDE & DEEP PUBLIC 9T]E/4 ,?IS 9T]E/ IS MORE OBVI\S 9 LIT]ATURE P]HAPS ?AN 9 ANY?+ ELSE1 QUITE \TSIDE ! PROPAG&I/ TRACTS ISSU$ BY DEF9ITELY ,SOCIALI/ SOCIETIES4 ,A C]TA9 T9CTURE ( ,SOCIALISM1 = 9/ANCE 7G5]ALLY V]Y WAT]Y71 IS ALMO/ A NECESS>Y +R$I5T N[ADAYS 9 A NOVEL :I* AIMS AT BE+ AT ONCE S]I\S & LIFE-LIKE1 :ILE MORE S]I\S TREATM5T ( ! SUBJECT AT ! H&S ( NON-,SOCIALI/S IS COMMON 5\<4 ,9 %ORT ! GOLD5 HAZE ( SELF-SATISFACTION & CONT5T ) ! BE/ ( ALL POSSIBLE SOCIETIES IS ROLL+ AWAY BE=E ! SUN-HEAT BR$ ( MIS]Y & ASPIRATION1 & ALL PEOPLE ABOVE ! L[E/ LEVEL ( 9TELLIG5CE 7:I* ,I TAKE TO BE L[ GAMBL+ & /ATESMAN%IP7 >E LOOK+ T[>DS ! NEW DEVELOPM5T1 SOME TIMOR\SLY1 SOME ANXI\SLY1 SOME HOPEFULLY4 

,IT SEEMS CLE> TO ME ?AT ! RECEPTION :I* ,MR ,BELLAMY'S ',LOOK+ ,BACKW>D' HAS RECEIV$ ?AT !RE >E A GREAT MANY PEOPLE :O >E HOPEFUL 9 REG>D TO ,SOCIALISM4 ,I AM SURE ?AT T5 YE>S AGO IT W\LD HAVE BE5 V]Y LITTLE NOTIC$1 IF AT ALL2 :]EAS N[ SEV]AL $ITIONS HAVE BE5 SOLD 9 ,AM]ICA1 & IT IS ATTRACT+ G5]AL ATT5TION 9 ,5GL&1 & TO ANYONE NOT DEEPLY 9T]E/$ 9 ! SOCIAL QUE/ION IT C\LD NOT BE AT ALL AN ATTRACTIVE BOOK4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT IT IS CA/ 9TO ! =M ( A ROMANCE1 BUT ! AU?OR /ATES V]Y FRANKLY 9 HIS PREFACE ?AT HE HAS ONLY GIV5 IT ?IS =M AS A SUG>-COAT+ TO ! PILL1 & ! DEVICE ( MAK+ A MAN WAKE UP 9 A NEW WORLD HAS N[ GR[N SO COMMON1 & HAS BE5 DONE ) SO MU* MORE C>E & >T ?AN ,MR ,BELLAMY HAS US$1 ?AT BY ITSELF ?IS W\LD HAVE DONE LITTLE = IT3 IT IS ! S]I\S ESSAY & NOT ! SLI<T 5VELOPS ( ROMANCE :I* PEOPLE HAVE F\ND 9T]E/+ TO !M4 

,S9CE1 !RE=E1 BO? ,SOCIALI/S & NON-,SOCIALI/S HAVE BE5 SO MU* IMPRESS$ ) ! BOOK1 IT SEEMS TO ME NECESS>Y ?AT ! ,COMMONWEAL %\LD NOTICE IT4 ,= IT IS A ',UTOPIA'4 ,IT PURPORTS TO BE WRITT5 9 ! YE> #b1 & TO DESCRIBE ! /ATE ( SOCIETY AT ?AT P]IOD AFT] A GRADUAL & PEACEABLE REVOLUTION HAS REALIZ$ ! ,SOCIALISM :I* TO US IS BUT 9 ! BEG9N+ ( ITS MILITANT P]IOD4 ,IT REQUIRES NOTICE ALL ! MORE BECAUSE !RE IS A C]TA9 DANG] 9 SU* BOOKS AS ?IS3 A TW(OLD DANG]2 = !RE WILL BE SOME TEMP]AM5TS TO :OM ! ANSW] GIV5 TO ! QUE/ION ',H[ %ALL WE LIVE !N8' WILL BE PLEAS+ & SATISFACTORY1 O!RS TO :OM IT WILL BE DISPLEAS+ & UNSATISFACTORY4 ,! DANG] TO ! FIR/ IS ?AT !Y WILL ACCEPT IT ) ALL ITS NECESS>Y ]RORS & FALLACIES 7:I* SU* A BOOK MU/ AB\ND 97 AS CONCLUSIVE /ATEM5TS ( FACTS & RULES ( ACTION1 :I* WILL W>P !IR EF=TS 9TO FUTILE DIRECTIONS4 ,! DANG] TO ! SECOND1 IF !Y >E BUT 5QUIR]S OR V]Y Y\NG ,SOCIALI/S1 IS ?AT !Y ALSO ACCEPT+ ITS SPECULATIONS AS FACTS1 WILL BE 9CL9$ TO SAY1 ',IF ?AT IS ,SOCIALISM1 WE WON'T HELP ITS ADV5T1 AS IT HOLDS \T NO HOPE TO US'4 

,! ONLY SAFE WAY ( READ+ A UTOPIA IS TO CONSID] IT AS ! EXPRESSION ( ! TEMP]AM5T ( ITS AU?OR4 ,SO LOOK$ AT1 ,MR ,BELLAMY'S UTOPIA MU/ BE /ILL CALL$ V]Y 9T]E/+1 AS IT IS CON/RUCT$ ) DUE ECONOMICAL KN[L$GE1 & ) MU* ADROITNESS2 & ( C\RSE HIS TEMP]AM5T IS ?AT ( MANY ?\S&S ( PEOPLE4 ,?IS TEMP]AM5T MAY BE CALL$ ! UNMIX$ MOD]N ONE1 UNHI/ORIC & UN>TI/IC2 IT MAKES ITS [N] 7IF A ,SOCIALI/7 P]FECTLY SATISFI$ ) MOD]N CIVILIZATION1 IF ONLY ! 9JU/ICE1 MIS]Y1 & WA/E ( CLASS SOCIETY C\LD BE GOT RID (2 :I* HALF-*ANGE SEEMS POSSIBLE TO HIM4 ,! ONLY IDEAL ( LIFE :I* SU* A MAN CAN SEE IS ?AT ( ! 9DU/RI\S PR(ESSIONAL MIDDLE-CLASS M5 ( TO-CLAY PURIFI$ FROM !IR CRIME ( COMPLICITY ) ! MONOPOLI/ CLASS1 & BECOME 9DEP5D5T 9/EAD ( BE+1 AS !Y N[ >E1 P>ASITICAL4 ,IT IS NOT TO BE D5I$ ?AT IF SU* AN IDEAL C\LD BE REALIZ$1 IT W\LD BE A GREAT IMPROVEM5T ON ! PRES5T SOCIETY4 ,BUT CAN IT BE REALIZ$8 ,IT MEANS 9 FACT ! ALT]ATION ( ! MA*9]Y ( LIFE 9 SU* A WAY ?AT ALL M5 %ALL BE ALL[$ TO %>E 9 ! FULLNESS ( ?AT LIFE1 = ! PRODUCTION & UPHOLD+ ( :I* ! MA*9]Y WAS 9/ITUT$4 ,!RE >E CLE> SIGNS TO %[ US ?AT ?AT V]Y GR\P :OSE LIFE IS ?US PUT =W>D AS AN IDEAL = ! FUTURE >E CONDEMN+ IT 9 ! PRES5T1 & ?AT !Y ALSO DEM& A REVOLUTION4 ,! PESSIMI/IC REVOLT ( ! LATT] 5D ( ?IS C5TURY L$ BY ,JOHN ,RUSK9 AGA9/ ! PHILI/9ISM ( ! TRIUMPHANT B\RGEOIS1 HALT+ & /UMBL+ AS IT NECESS>ILY WAS1 %[S ?AT ! *ANGE 9 ! LIFE ( CIVILIZATION HAD BEGUN1 BE=E ANY ONE S]I\SLY BELIEV$ 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( ALT]+ ITS MA*9]Y4 

,IT FOLL[S NATURALLY FROM ! AU?OR'S SATISFACTION ) ! BE/ P>T ( MOD]N LIFE ?AT HE CONCEIVES ( ! *ANGE TO ,SOCIALISM AS TAK+ PLACE )\T ANY BREAKD[N ( ?AT LIFE1 OR 9DE$ DI/URBANCE ( IT1 BY MEANS ( ! F9AL DEVELOPM5T ( ! GREAT PRIVATE MONOPOLIES :I* >E SU* A NOTEWOR?Y FEATURE ( ! PRES5T DAY4 ,HE SUPPOSES ?AT !SE MU/ NECESS>ILY BE ABSORB$ 9TO ONE GREAT MONOPOLY :I* WILL 9CLUDE ! :OLE PEOPLE & BE WORK$ = ITS B5EFIT BY ! :OLE PEOPLE4 ,IT MAY BE NOT$ 9 PASS+ ?AT BY ?IS USE ( ! WORD MONOPOLY HE %[S UNCONSCI\SLY ?AT HE HAS HIS M9D FIX$ FIRMLY ON ! M]E MA*9]Y ( LIFE3 = CLE>LY ! ONLY P>T ( !IR SY/EM :I* ! PEOPLE W\LD OR C\LD TAKE OV] FROM ! MONOPOLI/S W\LD BE ! MA*9]Y ( ORGANIZATION1 :I* MONOPOLY IS =C$ TO USE1 BUT :I* IS NOT AN ESS5TIAL P>T ( IT4 ,! ESS5TIAL ( MONOPOLY IS1 ',I W>M MYSELF BY ! FIRE :I* Y\ HAVE MADE1 & Y\ 7V]Y MU* ! PLURAL7 /AY \TSIDE 9 ! COLD'4 

,TO GO ON4 ,?IS HOPE ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! TRU/S & R+S TO :I* ! COMPETITION = PRIVILEGE HAS DRIV5 COMM]CE1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,AM]ICA1 IS ! DI/9CTIVE P>T ( ,MR ,BELLAMY'S BOOK2 & IT SEEMS TO ME TO BE A SOME:AT DANG]\S HOPE TO RE/ UPON1 TOO UNC]TA9 TO BE MADE A %EET-AN*OR (4 ,IT MAY BE 9DE$ ! LOGICAL \TCOME ( ! MO/ MOD]N SIDE ( COMM]CIALISM -- IE41 ! \TCOME ?AT \<T TO BE2 BUT !N !RE IS ITS HI/ORICAL \TCOME TO BE DEALT ) -- IE41 :AT WILL BE2 :I* ,I CANNOT HELP ?9K+ MAY BE AFT] ALL1 AS F> AS ?IS COMM]CIAL DEVELOPM5T IS CONC]N$1 ! RECURR5CE ( BREAKUPS & RE-=MATIONS ( ?IS K9D ( MONOPOLY1 UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( COMPETITION = PRIVILEGE1 OR W> = ! DIVISION ( PLUND]1 TILL ! FLOOD COMES & DE/ROYS !M ALL4 ,A F> BETT] HOPE TO TRU/ TO IS ?AT M5 HAV+ ONCE GOT IT 9TO !IR LEADS ?AT TRUE LIFE IMPLIES FREE & EQUAL LIFE1 & ?AT IS N[ POSSIBLE ( ATTA9M5T1 !Y WILL CONSCI\SLY /RIVE = ITS ATTA9M5T AT ANY CO/4 ,! ECONOMICAL SEMI-FATALISM ( SOME ,SOCIALI/S IS A DEAD5+ & DISC\RAG+ VIEW1 & MAY EASILY BECOME MORE SO1 IF EV5TS AT PRES5T UN=ESE5 BR+ BACK ! FULL TIDE ( 'COMM]CIAL PROSP]ITY'2 :I* IS BY NO MEANS UNLIKELY TO HAPP54 

,! GREAT *ANGE HAV+ ?US PEACEABLY & FATALI/ICALLY TAK5 PLACE1 ! AU?OR HAS TO PUT =W>D HIS S*EME ( ! ORGANIZATION ( LIFE2 :I* IS ORGANIZ$ ) A V5GEANCE4 ,HIS S*EME MAY BE DESCRIB$ AS ,/ATE ,COMMUNISM1 WORK$ BY ! V]Y EXTREME ( NATIONAL C5TRALIZATION4 ,! UND]LY+ VICE 9 IT IS ?AT ! AU?OR CANNOT CONCEIVE1 AS A=ESAID1 ( ANY?+ ELSE ?AN ! MA*9]Y ( SOCIETY1 & ?AT1 D\BTLESS NATURALLY1 HE READS 9 TO ! FUTURE ( SOCIETY1 :I* HE TELLS US IS UNWA/EFULLY CONDUCT$1 ?AT T]ROR ( />VATION :I* IS ! NECESS>Y ACCOMPANIM5T ( A SOCIETY 9 :I* TWO-?IRDS OR MORE ( ITS LABOR-P[] IS WA/$3 ! RESULT IS ?AT ?\< HE TELLS US ?AT EV]Y MAN IS FREE TO *OSE HIS OCCUPATION & ?AT WORK IS NO BURD5 TO ANYONE1 ! IMPRESSION :I* HE PRODUCES IS ?AT ( A HUGE /&+ >MY1 TI<TLY DRILL$1 COMPELL$ BY SOME MY/]I\S FATE TO UNCEAS+ ANXIETY = ! PRODUCTION ( W>ES TO SATISFY EV]Y CAPRICE1 H[EV] WA/EFUL & ABSURD1 ?AT MAY CA/ UP AMONG !M4 

,AS AN ILLU/RATION IT MAY HE M5TION$ ?AT EV]YBODY IS TO BEG9 ! S]I\S WORK ( PRODUCTION AT ! AGE ( TW5TY-ONE1 WORK ?REE YE>S AS A LABOR]1 & !N *OOSE HIS SKILL$ OCCUPATION & WORK TILL HE IS =TY-FIVE1 :5 HE IS TO KNOCK (F HIS WORK & AMUSE HIMSELF 7IMPROVE HIS M9D1 IF HE HAS ONE LEFT HIM74 ,HEAV5S6 ?9K ( A MAN ( =TY-FIVE *ANG+ ALL HIS HABITS SUDD5LY & BY COMPULSION6 ,IT IS A SMALL MATT] AFT] ?IS ?AT ! SAID P]SONS PA/ WORK %\LD =M A K9D ( >I/OCRACY 7H[ CURI\SLY OLD IDEAS CL+7 = ! P]=MANCE ( C]TA9 JUDICIAL & POLITICAL FUNCTIONS4 

,MR ,BELLAMY'S IDEAS ( LIFE >E CURI\SLY LIMIT$2 HE HAS NO IDEA BEYOND EXI/5CE 9 A GREAT CITY2 HIS DWELL+ ( MAN 9 ! FUTURE IS ,BO/ON 7,U,S,A7 BEAUTIFI$4 ,9 ONE PASSAGE1 9DE$1 HE M5TIONS VILLAGES1 BUT ) UNCONSCI\S SIMPLICITY %[S ?AT !Y DO NOT COME 9TO HIS S*EME ( ECONOMICAL EQUALITY1 BUT >E M]E S]VANTS ( ! GREAT C5T]S ( CIVILIZATION4 ,?IS SEEMS /RANGE TO SOME ( US1 :O CANNOT HELP ?9K+ ?AT \R EXP]I5CE \<T TO HAVE TAU<T US ?AT SU* AGGREGATIONS ( POPULATION AF=D ! WOR/ POSSIBLE =M ( DWELL+-PLACE1 :ATEV] ! SECOND-WOR/ MI<T BE4 

,9 %ORT1 A MA*9E-LIFE IS ! BE/ :I* ,MR ,BELLAMY CAN IMAG9E = US ON ALL SIDES2 IT IS NOT TO BE WOND]$ AT !N ?AT HIS ONLY IDEA ( MAK+ LABOR TOL]ABLE IS TO DECREASE ! AM\NT ( IT BY MEANS ( FRE% & EV] FRE% DEVELOPM5TS ( MA*9]Y4 ,?IS VIEW ,I KN[ HE WILL %>E ) MANY ,SOCIALI/S ) :OM ,I MI<T O!RWISE AGREE MORE ?AN ,I CAN ) HIM2 BUT ,I ?9K A WORD OR TWO IS DUE TO ?IS IMPORTANT SIDE ( ! SUBJECT4 ,N[ SURELY ?IS IDEAL ( ! GREAT R$UCTION ( ! H\RS ( LABOR BY ! M]E MEANS ( MA*9]Y IS A FUTILITY4 ,! HUMAN RACE HAS ALWAYS PUT =? AB\T AS MU* 5]GY AS IT C\LD 9 GIV5 CONDITIONS ( CLIMATE & ! LIKE1 ?\< ?AT 5]GY HAS HAD TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! NATURAL LAZ9ESS ( MANK9D3 & ! DEVELOPM5T ( MAN'S RES\RCES1 :I* HAS GIV5 HIM GREAT] P[] OV] NATURE1 HAS DRIV5 HIM ALSO 9TO FRE% DESIRES & FRE% DEM&S ON NATURE1 & ?US MADE HIS EXP5DITURE ( 5]GY MU* :AT IT WAS BE=E4 ,I BELIEVE ?AT ?IS WILL BE ALWAYS SO1 & ! MULTIPLICATION ( MA*9]Y WILL JU/ -- MULTIPLY MA*9]Y2 ,I BELIEVE ?AT ! IDEAL ( ! FUTURE DOES NOT PO9T TO ! LESS5+ ( M5'S 5]GY BY ! R$UCTION ( LABOR TO A M9IMUM1 BUT RA!R TO ! R$UCTION ( PA9 9 LABOR TO A M9IMUM1 SO SMALL ?AT IT WILL CEASE TO BE A PA92 A GA9 TO HUMANITY :I* CAN ONLY BE DREAM$ ( TILL M5 >E EV5 MORE COMPLETELY EQUAL ?AN ,MR ,BELLAMY'S UTOPIA W\LD ALL[ !M TO BE1 BUT :I* WILL MO/ ASSUR$LY COME AB\T :5 M5 >E REALLY EQUAL 9 CONDITION2 AL?\< IT IS PROBABLE ?AT MU* ( \R SO-CALL$ 'REF9EM5T'1 \R LUXURY -- 9 %ORT1 \R CIVILIZATION -- WILL HAVE TO BE SACRIFIC$ TO IT4 ,9 ?IS P>T ( HIS S*EME1 !RE=E1 ,MR ,BELLAMY WORRIES HIMSELF UNNECESS>ILY 9 SEEK+ 7) OBVI\S FAILURE7 SOME 9C5TIVE TO LABOR TO REPLACE ! FE> ( />VATION1 :I* IS AT PRES5T \R ONLY ONE1 :]EAS IT CANNOT BE TOO (T5 REPEAT$ ?AT ! TRUE 9C5TIVE TO USEFUL & HAPPY LABOR IS & MU/ BE PLEASURE 9 ! WORK ITSELF4 

,I ?9K IT NECESS>Y TO /ATE !SE OBJECTIONS TO ,MR ,BELLAMY'S UTOPIA1 NOT BECAUSE !RE IS ANY NE$ TO QU>REL ) A MAN'S VISION ( ! FUTURE ( SOCIETY1 :I*1 AS ABOVE SAID1 MU/ ALWAYS BE MORE OR LESS P]SONAL TO HIMSELF2 BUT BECAUSE ?IS BOOK1 HAV+ PRODUC$ A GREAT IMPRESSION ON PEOPLE :O >E REALLY 9QUIR+ 9TO ,SOCIALISM1 WILL BE SURE TO BE QUOT$ AS AN AU?ORITY = :AT ,SOCIALI/S BELIEVE1 & ?AT1 !RE=E1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO PO9T \T ?AT !RE >E SOME ,SOCIALI/S :O DO NOT ?9K ?AT ! PROBLEM ( ! ORGANIZATION ( LIFE & NECESS>Y LABOR CAN BE DEALT ) BY A HUGE NATIONAL C5TRALIZATION1 WORK+ BY A K9D ( MAGIC = :I* NO ONE FEELS HIMSELF RESPONSIBLE2 ?AT ON ! CONTR>Y IT WILL BE NECESS>Y = ! UNIT ( ADM9I/RATION TO BE SMALL 5\< = EV]Y CITIZ5 TO FEEL HIMSELF RESPONSIBLE = ITS DETAILS1 & BE 9T]E/$ 9 !M2 ?AT 9DIVIDUAL M5 CANNOT %UFFLE (F ! BUS9ESS ( LIFE ON TO ! %\LD]S ( AN AB/RACTION CALL$ ! ,/ATE1 BUT MU/ DEAL ) IT 9 CONSCI\S ASSOCIATION ) EA* O!R4 ,?AT V>IETY ( LIFE IS AS MU* AN AIM ( TRUE COMMUNISM AS EQUALITY ( CONDITION1 & ?AT NO?+ BUT AN UNION ( !SE TWO WILL BR+ AB\T REAL FRE$OM4 ,?AT MOD]N NATIONALITIES >E M]E >TIFICIAL DEVICES = ! COMM]CIAL W> ?AT WE SEEK TO PUT AN 5D TO1 & WILL DISAPPE> ) IT4 ,&1 F9ALLY1 ?AT >T1 US+ ?AT WORD 9 ITS WIDE/ & DUE SIGNIFICATION1 IS NOT A M]E ADJUNCT ( LIFE :I* FREE & HAPPY M5 CAN DO )\T1 BUT ! NECESS>Y EXPRESSION & 9DISP5SABLE 9/RUM5T ( HUMAN HAPP9ESS4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 IT MU/ BE SAID ?AT ,MR ,BELLAMY HAS FAC$ ! DIFFICULTY ( ECONOMICAL RECON/RUCTION ) C\RAGE1 ?\< HE DOES NOT SEE ANY O!R SIDES TO ! PROBLEM1 SU*1 EG41 AS ! FUTURE ( ! FAMILY2 ?AT AT ANY RATE HE SEES ! NECESSITY = ! EQUALITY ( ! REW>D ( LABOR1 :I* IS SU* A /UMBL+ BLOCK = 9COMPLETE ,SOCIALI/S2 & HIS CRITICISM ( ! PRES5T MONOPOLI/ SY/EM IS =CIBLE & F]VID4 ,ALSO UP & D[N HIS PAGES !RE WILL BE F\ND SATISFACTORY ANSW]S TO MANY ORD9>Y OBJECTIONS4 ,! BOOK IS ONE TO BE READ & CONSID]$ S]I\SLY1 BUT IT %\LD NOT BE TAK5 AS ! ,SOCIALI/ BIBLE ( RECON/RUCTION2 A DANG] :I* P]HAPS IT WILL NOT ALTOGE!R ESCAPE1 AS 9COMPLETE SY/EMS IMPOSSIBLE TO BE C>RI$ \T BUT PLAUSIBLE ON ! SURFACE >E ALWAYS ATTRACTIVE TO PEOPLE RIPE = *ANGE1 BUT NOT KN[+ CLE>LY :AT !IR AIM IS4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b#d1 #bba 3 ',LOOK+ ,BACKW>D' -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ',LOOK+ ,BACKW>D' -- ,UPDAT$4 

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