,LIT]ATURE ! ,MIRROR ( ,MAN 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,VOLTAIR9E ,DE ,CLEYRE 

,TEXT 3 

,P]HAPS ,I HAD BETT] SAY ! ,MIRROR-REFLECTION1--! REFLECTION ( ALL ?AT HE HAS BE5 & IS1 ! H9T+ =E-FLA%+ ( SOME?+ ( :AT HE MAY BECOME4 ,9 SO CONSID]+ IT1 LET IT BE UND]/OOD ?AT ,I SPEAK ( NO P>TICUL> =M ( LIT]ATURE1 BUT ! 5TIRE BODY ( A PEOPLE'S EXPRESS$ ?\<T1 PRES]V$ EI!R TRADITIONALLY1 9 WRIT+1 OR 9 PR9T4 

,! MAJORITY ( LI<TLY ?9K+1 FAIRLY READ PEOPLE1 :O MAKE USE ( ! WORD 0LIT]ATURE0 RA!R EASILY1 DO SO ) A V]Y 9DI/9CT IDEA ( ITS CONT5T4 ,TO !M IT USUALLY MEANS A C]TA9 LIMIT$ =M ( HUMAN EXPRESSION1 *IEFLY WORKS ( ! IMAG9ATION--POETRY1 DRAMA1 ! V>I\S =MS ( ! NOVEL4 ,HI/ORY1 PHILOSOPHY1 SCI5CE >E RA!R FR[N+ NAMES1--/]N SECOND C\S9S1 AS IT W]E1 TO ! BEGUIL+ COMPANIONS ( !IR PLEASANT LEISURE H\RS1--NOT LEGITIMATELY 0LIT]ATURE40 ,BIOGRAPHY1--WELL1 IT DEP5DS ON :O WRITES IT6 ,IF IT CAN BE MADE SO MU* LIKE A WORK ( FICTION ?AT ! SUBJECT SKET*$ S]VES ! PURPOSES ( A FICTIVE H]O1 :Y !N--MAYBE4 

,TO SU* TALK]S AB\T LIT]ATURE1 EVID5CE ( FAMILI>ITY ) IT1 & TITLE TO HAVE ONE'S OP9IONS !REON ASK$ & RESPECT$1 >E WITNESS$ BY ! ABILITY TO RUN GLIBLY (F ! NAMES ( ! P]SONAGES 9 ! DRAMAS ( ,IBS51 ,BJORNSON1 ,MAET]L9CK1 ,HAUPTMANN OR ,%AW2 OR 9 ! NOVELS ( ,GORKI1 ,&REYEV1 ,TOL/OY1 ,ZOLA1 ,MAUPASSANT1 ,H>DY1 & ! DOZ5 OR SO ( LESS] LI<TS :O REVOLVE ) !SE ?R\< ! CYCLE ( ! MAGAZ9E ISSUES4 

,NOT ONLY DO !SE SAME PEOPLE ?US LIMIT ! FIELD ( LIT]ATURE1 7AT LEA/ 9 !IR ORD9>Y CONV]SATION1--IF Y\ PRESS !M !Y WILL DUBI\SLY ADMIT ?AT ! FIELD MAY BE EXT5D$7 BUT !Y >E ALSO POSSESS$ ( ! NOTION ?AT ONLY ONE P>TICUL> MODE EV5 ( FICTION1 IS 9 FACT ! G5U9E ?+4 ,?AT ?IS MODE HAS NOT ALWAYS BE5 9 VOGUE !Y >E AW>E2 & !Y ALL[ O!R MODES TO HAVE BE5 LIT]ATURE 9 ! PA/1 AS A SORT ( K9DLY CONCESSION TO ! PA/--A BLANKET-9DULG5CE TO ITS UNEVOLV$ /ATE4 ,AT PRES5T1 H[EV]1 NO 9DULG5CES >E ALL[$2 :ATEV] IS NOT ! MODE1 IS ANA!MA2 IT IS NOT LIT]ATURE AT ALL4 ,:5 CONFRONT$ BY ! V]Y GREAT NAMES ( ! ,PA/1 :I* !Y CAN NEI!R CONSIGN TO OBLIVION1 NOR PATRONIZE BY TOL]ATION = !IR UNDEVELOP$ CONDITION1 NAMES :I* >E NAMES = ALL AGES1 :I* !Y NE$ TO USE AS CONJURATION WORDS 9 !IR COMP>ISONS & CRITICISMS1 NAMES SU* AS ,%AKESPE>E OR ,HUGO1 !Y COMPLAC5TLY CLOSE !IR EYES TO CONTRADICTIONS & SWE> ?AT FUNDAM5TALLY !SE M5'S WORKS >E 9 ! MOD]N MODE1 ! ACCEPT$ MODE1 ! ONE & ONLY 5DUR+ MODE1 ! MODE ?AT !Y APPROVE4 

0,:I* IS80--,I HE> Y\ ASK4 ,:I* IS :AT !Y >E PLEAS$ TO CALL 0,REALISM40 

,IF Y\ WI% TO KN[ H[ F> !Y >E OBSESS$ BY ?IS NOTION1 GO PICK Y\RSELF A QUIET CORN] 9 SOME CAFE :]E LI<T LIT]ATURE READ]S MEET TO MAKE COMP>ISONS1 & LI/5 TO ! COMM5TS4 ,BE=E V]Y LONG1 VOICES WILL BE GETT+ L\D AB\T SOME *>ACT] AT PRES5T /ALK+ ACROSS ! PAGES ( ! MAGAZ9ES1 OR BE/IRR+ ITSELF AMONG ! LATE/ TON ( NOVEL2 & ! DISPUTE WILL BE1 0,DOES SU* A TYPE EXI/80--0,( C\RSE HE EXI/S10--0,HE DOES NOT EXI/10--0,HE MU/ EXI/10--0,HE CANNOT EXI/10--0,UND] SU* CONDITIONS10--0,!RE >E NO SU* CONDITIONS10--0,BUT BE REASONABLE3 Y\ HAVE NOT BE5 9 ALL PLACES1 & Y\ CANNOT SAY !RE MAY NOT BE SU* CONDITIONS2 SUPPOS+--0 0,ALL RI<T3 ,I WILL GIVE Y\ ! CONDITIONS2 ALL ! SAME1 NO MAN W\LD ACT SO UND] ANY CONDITIONS40 0,I SWE> ,L HAVE SE5 SU* M5--0 0,IMPOSSIBLE--0 0,:AT IS !RE IMPOSSIBLE AB\T IT8--0 

,& ! VOICES GET L\D] & L\D]1 AS ! DISPUTANTS PROCE$ TO PICK ! *>ACT] TO PIECES1 SPEE* BY SPEE*1 & ACTION BY ACTION1 TILL1 NO?+ BE+ LEFT1 EA* F9ALLY SUBSIDES SOMEH[1 EA* CONFIRM$ 9 HIS [N OP9ION1 EA* CONV9C$ ?AT ! MA9 PURPOSE ( LIT]ATURE--,REALISM--HAS EI!R BE5 S]V$1 OR NOT S]V$1 BY ! AU?OR UND] DISCUSSION4 ,TO SU* DISPUTANTS 0,LIT]ATURE ! ,MIRROR ( ,MAN10 MEANS ?AT ONLY SU* LIT]ATURE AS GIVES SO-CALL$ ABSOLUTELY FAI?FUL REPRES5TATIONS ( LIFE AS IT IS DEMON/RABLY LIV$1 IS A G5U9E ,MIRROR4 ,NO AU?OR IS TO BE CONSID]$ WOR?Y ( A PLACE1 UNLESS HIS WORKS CAN BE AT LEA/ TWI/$ TO FIT ?IS CONCEPTION4 ,) SOME SLI<T REF9EM5T ( IDEA1 9 SO F> AS IT RECOGNIZES ! OBSCUR] RECESSES ( ! M9D AS 5TITL$ TO REPRES5TATION AS WELL AS ! EXT]NALS1 IT CORRESPONDS TO ! ONE-TIME DEVELOPM5T ( PORTRAIT PA9T+1 :I* E/EEM$ IT NECESS>Y TO PA9T ! EXACT NUMB] ( HAIRS 9 ! W>T ON ,OLIV] ,CROMWELL'S NOSE1 9 ORD] TO HAVE A TRUE LIK5ESS ( HIM4 

,AS BE=E SUGGE/$1 ,I DO NOT1 :5 ,I SPEAK ( ,LIT]ATURE AS ! ,MIRROR ( ,MAN1 HAVE ANY SU* #a#bX#a#h MIRROR 9 VIEW2 NOR ! LIMITATION ( LIT]ATURE TO ANY ONE =M ( IT1 TO ANY ONE AGE ( IT1 TO ANY SET ( /&>D NAMES2 NOR ! LIMITATION ( ,MAN TO ANY PRECONCEIV$ NOTION ( JU/ :AT HE MAY LOGICALLY BE ALL[$ TO BE4 ,! COMPOSITE IMAGE WE >E SEEK+ TO F9D IS AN IMAGE WR\<T AS MU* ( HIS DREAMS ( :AT HE W\LD LIKE TO BE1 AS ( HIS ACTUAL BE+2 ?AT IS NO TRUE PICTURE ( ,MAN1 :I* DOES NOT 9CLUDE HIS CRAV+S = ! IMPOSSIBLE1 AS WELL AS HIS DAILY P]=MANCE ( ! POSSIBLE4 ,9DE$1 ! LOGICAL1 CALCULABLE MAN1 ! MAN :O UND] C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES MAY BE FIGUR$ \T TO TURN MURD]] & UND] O!RS SA9T1 IS H>DLY SO 9T]E/+ AS ! ILLOGICAL BE+ :O UPSETS ! CALCULATION BY BECOM+ NEI!R1 BUT SOME?+ NOT AT ALL PR$ICTABLE4 

,! OBJECTS ( MY LECTURE !N >E !SE3 

#a4 ,TO 9SI/ ON A WID] VIEW ( LIT]ATURE ITSELF ?AN ?AT G5]ALLY ACCEPT$4 

#b4 ,TO SUGGE/ TO READ]S A MORE SATISFACTORY WAY ( CONSID]+ :AT !Y READ ?AN ?AT USUALLY RECEIV$4 

#c4 ,TO PO9T TO C]TA9 PHASES ( ! HUMAN APPE>ANCE REFLECT$ 9 ! MIRROR :I* >E NOT G5]ALLY NOTIC$1 BUT :I* ,I F9D 9T]E/+ & SUGGE/IVE4 

,Y\ W\LD ?9K IT V]Y UNREASONABLE1 W\LD Y\ NOT1 = ANY ONE TO 9SI/ ?AT BECAUSE Y\R HI<LY POLI%$ GLASS BACK$ BY QUICKSILV]1 GIVES BACK SO CLE> & EXCELL5T AN IMAGE1 !RE=E ! WAT]Y VISION Y\ CAT* ( Y\RSELF 9 ! %IFT+1 GLANC+ RIPPLES ( A CLE> /REAM IS NOT AN IMAGE AT ALL6 ,) ALL ! CURI\S ELONGAT+ & DRIFT+ & %ORT5+ BACK & BREAK+ UP 9TO WAV]+ CIRCLES1 DONE BY ?AT UNRE/+ IMAGE1 Y\ KN[ V]Y C]TA9LY ?AT IS Y\2 & IF Y\ LOOK 9TO ! /ILL WAT]S ( SOME SUMM] POOL1 OR M\NTA9 RA9-CUP1 ! IMAGE !RE IS ALMO/ AS %>P-L9$ AS ?AT 9 Y\R POLI%$ GLASS1 EXCEPT = ! VAGUE TREMOR ?AT SEEMS TO MOVE UND] ! WAT] RA!R ?AN ON ITS SURFACE1 & SUGGE/ AN E!REAL SOME?+ MISS+ 9 Y\R DRAW+-ROOM %AD[4 ,YET ?AT VISION CONJUR$ 9 ! WAT]-DEP? IS Y\--SURELY Y\4 ,NAY1 EV5 MORE1--?AT FIR/ IMAGE ( Y\1 Y\ P]CEIV$ :5 AS A *ILD Y\ DANC$ 9 ! FIRELI<T & SAW A MIS%AP5 D>KNESS RIS+ & FALL+ ALONG ! WALL 9 TEAS+ MOCK]Y1--?AT TOO WAS SURELY AN IMAGE ( Y\--AN IMAGE ( 9T]CEPTION1 NOT ( REFLECTION2 A BLUR1 A VACANCY1 A HORROR1 FROM :I* Y\ FL$ %RIEK+ TO Y\R MO!R'S >MS2--& YET IT WAS ! DI/ORT$ \TL9E ( Y\4 

,Y\ GREW FAMILI> ) IT LAT]1 AMUS$ Y\RSELF ) IT1 TWI/$ Y\R H&S 9TO /RANGE POSITIONS TO SEE :AT CURI\S %APES !Y W\LD =M UPON ! WALL1 & MADE :OLE /ORIES ) ! %AD[S4 ,LONG AFT]W>DS Y\ W5T BACK TO !M ) DELIB]ATE & C>EFUL CURIOSITY1 TO SEE H[ ! FIGURES /UMBL$ ON BY ACCID5T C\LD BE DEF9ITELY PRODUC$1 AT WILL1 ACCORD+ TO ! LAWS ( 9T]CEPTION4 

,EV5 SO ! FIR/ ,MAN-,IMAGES1 CA/ BACK FROM ! BLANK WALL ( ,LANGUAGE1 >E UNC\?1 UNGRASPABLE1 VAGUE1 VACANT1 M5AC+--TO ! M5 :O SAW !M1 FRI<TFUL4 ,MANK9D PRODUC$ ?IS P>ADOX3 ! E>LY LI<TS ( LIT]ATURE W]E D>KNESS6 

,LAT] !SE D>KNESSES GREW LESS FE>SOME2 ! *ILD-MAN BEGAN TO JE/ ) !M2 TO MULTIPLY FIGURES & S5D !M *AS+ PA/ EA* O!R UP & D[N ! WALL1 ) FRE% GLEE AT EA* NEWLY CREAT$ %AD[-SPORT4 ,! WALL AT LA/ BECAME LUM9\S1 ! %AD[S %9+4 ,& \T ( ! OLD MONOSYLLABIC HORROR ( ! PRIMITIVE LEG5D1 \T ( ,MAN'S FRI<T AT ! PROJECTION ( HIS [N S\L1 \T ( HIS WIDE />E AT ?OSE T]RIFIC GIANTS ON ! WALL :O SUDD5LY ) %AD[-LIKE %IFT+ BECAME GROTESQUE DW>FS1 & MOCK+ LITTLE BEA/S ?AT DANC$ & FLOAT$1 EV] MO/ FE>FUL BECAUSE ( !IR ELUSIVE EMPT9ESS2 \T ( ?IS1 BIT BY BIT1 GREW ! /EADY CONTEMPLATION1 ! GRADUAL EFFACEM5T ( FRI<T1 ! FEEL+ ( P[] & AMUSEM5T1 & ! S5SE ( ,CREATIVE ,MA/]Y1 :I*1 UND]/&+ ! %AD[S1 BEGAN TO COMM& !M1 TILL !RE >OSE ALL ! BEAUTY ( FAIRY TALES & %9+ MY?S & S++ LEG5DS4 

,N[ ANY ONE :O DESIRES TO SEE 9 ,LIT]ATURE ! MO/ ?AT !RE IS 9 IT2 :O DESIRES TO READ NOT M]ELY = ! ABSORPTION ( ! MOM5T BUT = ! SAKE ( P]MAN5T IMPRESSION2 :O WI%ES TO HAVE AN IDEA ( ,MAN NOT ONLY AS HE IS N[1 BUT ?R\< ! :OLE >TICULATE RECORD ( HIS EXI/5CE2 :O W\LD KN[ ! ?\<TS ( HIS 9FANCY & ! CONNECT$ C\RSE ( HIS DEVELOPM5T1--& NO ONE HAS ANY ADEQUATE CONCEPTION ( ! GLORY ( LIT]ATURE1 UNLESS HE 9CLUDES ?IS MU* 9 IT--ANY SU* A READ]1 ,I SAY1 MU/ F9D AMONG ITS MO/ ATTRACTIVE PAGES1 ! /ORIES ( E>LY SUP]/ITIONS1 ! FICTIONS ( ,FE>1 ! /RUGGLES ( ! ,RACE-,*ILD'S 9TELLIG5CE ) OV]LOOM+ PROBLEMS4 ,?9K ( ! ,AGES & ,AGES ?AT M5 SAW ! ,DEMON ,ELECTRICITY RID+ ! AIR2 ?9K ?AT EV5 N[ !Y DO NOT KN[ :AT HE IS2 & YET HE PLAY$ MI<TILY ) !IR DAILY LIVES = ALL ?OSE AGES4 ,?9K H[ ?IS />+ SAVAGE WAS PUT FACE TO FACE ) WORLD-GAMES :I* W]E SPUN & TOSS$ >\ND HIM1 & COMPELL$ BY ! NATURE ( HIS [N ACTIVITY TO TRY TO F9D AN EXPLANATION TO !M2 ?9K ?AT MO/ ( US1 IF WE W]E NOT ! H]ITORS ( ! AGES ?AT HAVE PASS$ S9CE !N1 %\LD BE /AGG]$ & \T-BREA!D EV5 N[ BY ALL !SE LI<TS & =MS ?R\< :I* WE MOVE2 & !N TURN TO ! RECORD ( ?OSE PA!TIC /RIV+S ( ! FRI<T5$ *ILD ) SOME LITTLE T5D]NESS & SYMPA?Y1 SOME SOLEMN CURIOSITY TO KN[ :AT M5 W]E ABLE TO ?9K & FEEL :5 !Y L$ !IR LIVES AS 9 A ?REAT5+ ,WOND]-H\SE1 :]E EV]Y?+ WAS AN ,UNKN[N1 9VE/$ ) CR\*+ HO/ILITY4 ,& NEV] BE TOO SURE Y\ KN[ JU/ H[ M5 WILL ACT1 OR TRY TO ACT1 UND] ANY CONDITIONS1 IF Y\ HAVE NOT READ ! RECORD ( :AT !Y HAVE ?\<T & FANCI$ & DONE2 & AFT] Y\ HAVE READ IT1 ,OH1 !N Y\ WILL NEV] BE SURE Y\ KN[6 ,= !N Y\ WILL REALIZE ?AT EV]Y MAN IS A BURIAL-H\SE1 FULL ( DEAD M5'S <O/S1--& ! <O/S ( V]Y1 V]Y ANCI5T DAYS >E !RE1 =EV] :ISP]+ 9 AN ANCI5T1 ANCI5T TONGUE ( ANCI5T PASSIONS & DESIRES1 & PROMPT+ MANY ACTIONS :I* ! DO] !RE( CAN GIVE HIMSELF NO ACC\NT+ =4 

,!RE >E TWO WAYS ( READ+ !SE OLD /ORIES2 & AS ONE :O HAS GOTT5 PLEASURE & PR(IT1 TOO1 FROM BO?1 ,I W\LD RECOMM5D !M BO? TO BE US$4 ,! FIR/ WAY IS TO READ Y\RSELF BACKW>D 9TO IT AS MU* AS POSSIBLE4 ,DO NOT BE A CRITIC1 ON FIR/ READ+2 PUT ! CRITIC ASLEEP4 ,LET Y\RSELF SEEM TO BELIEVE IT1 AS DID HE :O WROTE IT4 ,READ IT AL\D1 IF Y\ >E :]E Y\ WILL NOT ANNOY ANYBODY2 LET ! WORDS S+ !MSELVES OV] Y\R LIPS1 AS !Y SUNG !MSELVES OV] ! LIPS ( ! PEOPLE :O W]E DEAD SO LONG AGO1--9 !IR /RANGE F>-AWAY HOMES ) !IR VANI%$ SURR\ND+S2 SUNG !MSELVES1 JU/ AS ! W9D SUNG ?R\< ! E*O+ =E/S1 & MURMUR$ BACK FROM ! ROCKS2 JU/ AS ! SONGS SLIPP$ \T ( ! BIRDS' ?ROATS4 ,Y\ WILL F9D ?AT HALF ! BEAUTY & ! F>CE ( OLD-TIME LEG5D LIES 9 ! B>E S\ND ( IT4 ,F>1 F> MORE IS IT DEP5D5T ON ! VOICE1 ?AN ANY MOD]N WRIT+S >E4 ,& SURELY1 ! REASON IS SIMPLE 5\<3 = IT WAS NOT WRIT+ 9 ITS CREATION2 ANCI5T LIT]ATURE ADDRESS$ ITSELF TO ! E>1 ALWAYS1 :ILE MOD]N LIT]ATURE SPEAKS TO ! EYE4 

,IF ONCE Y\ CAN GET Y\R E>S WA%+ ) ! S\NDS ( ! OLD LANGUAGE1 AS ) ! WA%+ ( ! SEAS :5 Y\ SIT ON ! BEA*1 OR ! LAPP+ ( ! RIV]S :5 ! BANK-GRASS C>ESSES Y\ SOME IDLE SUMM] AFT]NOON1 IT WILL BE MU* EASI] = Y\ TO =GET ?AT Y\ >E ! *ILD ( ANO!R AGE & ?\<T4 ,Y\ WILL BEG9 TO LUXURIATE 9 FANCIES & PREFIGURE IMPOSSIBILITIES2 !N Y\ WILL KN[ H[ IT FEELS TO BE FANCY FREE1 LOOS$ FROM ! *A9 ( ! POSSIBLE2 & ONCE HAV+ FELT1 Y\ WILL ALSO UND]/& BETT]1 :5 Y\ RE-READ ) O!R 9T5T4 

,:5 Y\ >E READY = SU* RE-READ+1 !N BE AS CRITICAL AS Y\ PLEASE1--:I* DOES NOT NECESS>ILY MEAN BE CONDEMNATORY4 ,IT MEANS RA!R TAKE NOTICE ( ALL G5]ALS & P>TICUL>S1 & QUE/ION !M4 

,Y\ WILL NATURALLY POSE Y\RSELF ! QUE/ION1 ,:Y IS IT ?AT ! B>E S\NDS ( !SE OLD /ORIES >E SO MU* MORE VIBRAT+1 DRUM-LIKE1 %RILL+1 AT TIMES1 ?AN ANY MOD]N SONG OR POEM8 ,Y\ WILL F9D ?AT ! MITIGAT+ 9FLU5CE ( CIVILIZATION1--KN[L$GE1 MOD]ATION1--CREEP+ 9TO EXPRESSION1 PRODUCES FLAT1 NEUTRAL1 DILUT$ S\NDS1--WAT]Y WORDS1 SO TO SPEAK1 LONG-DRAWN \T & GLID+LY 9(F5SIVE4 ,9 ANY MOD]N WRIT+ REM>KABLE = /R5G?1 WILL BE F\ND A PREPOND]ANCE ( 0B>B>IC YAWP0--AS ,:ITMAN CALL$ IT4 

,FE> CREATES %>P CRIES2 ! REB\ND ( ,FE>1 :I* IS ,BRAVADO1 PRODUCES DRUM-TONES1 RO>S1 & GR[LS2 UNRE/RA9$ ,PASSIONS H[L 9 W9D-NOTES1 IRREGUL>1 BREAK+ %ORT (F4 ,GOD C>RIES A HAMM]1 & ,LOVE A SPE>4 ,! HYMN CLANGS1 & ! LOVE-SONG CLA%ES4 ,?R\< ?OSE FI]CE S\NDS ONE FEELS AGA9 HOT HE>TS4 

,?OSE :O P]CEIVE COLORS ACCOMPANY+ S\NDS1 S5SE CLEAN CUT LI<TS /REAK+ ! NI<T-GR\ND ( !SE E>LY WORD-PICTURES2 %>P1 H>D1 R$S & YELL[S4 ,IT IS \R LAT] WORLD :I* HAS PRODUC$ GRE5 T9T+S NOT TO BE TOLD FROM GRAY1 NOR GRAY FROM BLUE1 NOR ANY?+ FROM ANY?+4 ,9 \R FONDNESS = SMOO?NESS & GRADATION WE HAVE ATTA9$ PRACTICAL COLORLESSNESS4 

,IF IT APPE>S TO Y\ ?AT ,I AM TALK+ NONS5SE1 P]MIT ME TO TELL Y\ IT IS BECAUSE Y\ HAVE DULL$ Y\R [N P[]S ( P]CEPTION2 9 SEEK+ TO BECOME TOO 9TELLECTUALLY APPRECIATIVE1 Y\ HAVE LO/ ! P[] TO FEEL PRIMITIVE ?+S4 ,TRY TO RECOV] IT4 

,ANO!R S\RCE ( 9T]E/+ OBS]VATION1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,5GLI% LIT]ATURE ( E>LY WRIT+3 ?IS TIME ! EYE4 

,IT IS ADMITT$ BY EV]YBODY ?AT AS A S]VICEABLE 9/RUM5T = EXPRESS+ DEF9ITE S\NDS 9 AN EXP$ITI\S & COMPREH5SIBLE MANN]1 ,5GLI% WRITT5 LANGUAGE IS A WOEFUL FAILURE4 ,IF ANY 9V5TOR ( A !ORY ( SYMBOLS %\LD1 W\LD1 OR C\LD HAVE DEVIS$ SU* A RIDICUL\S CONCEPTION ( SPELL+1 SU* A HODGE-PODGE ( CONTRADICTORY JUMBLES1 HE W\LD PROP]LY HAVE BE5 ADJUDG$ TO AN 9SANE ASYLUM2 & ?AT1 EV]Y MAN :O EV] CONTRIV$ AN ,5GLI% SPELL+-BOOK1 & EV]Y TEA*] :O IS OBLIG$ TO WORRY ?IS 9CONGRU\S MESS ?R\< ! /EADILY REVOLT+ REASON-&-MEMORY PROCESS ( *ILDR51 IS ABLY CONV9C$4 ,BUT ,MAN1 ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ ,MAN1 HAS ACTUALLY--EXECUT$ SU* CONCEPTION2 7HE PROBABLY EXECUT$ IT FIR/ & CONCEIV$ IT AFT]W>DS1 AS MO/ ( \R POOR VICTIMS DO :5 !Y />T ON ?AT T]RIBLE BL9D ROAD ?R\< ! SPELL+-BOOK74 ,:E!R OR NO1 ! ?+ IS H]E1 & WE'VE ALL TO ACCEPT IT1 & DEAL ) IT AS BE/ WE MAY1 SADLY HOP+ ?AT POSSIBLY ! T5? G5]ATION FROM N[ MAY AT LEA/ BE RID ( A FEW UNNECESS>Y 0E'S40 

,& S9CE ! ?+ IS H]E1 & IS A MI<TY CREATION1 & V]Y 9DICATIVE ( H[ ! HUMAN BRA9 9 L>GE SECTIONS WORKS2 S9CE WE'VE GOT TO PUT UP ) IT ANYWAY1 WE MAY AS WELL1 9 REV5GE = ITS MANY 9CONV5I5CES1 GET :AT LITTLE SATISFACTION WE CAN \T ( IT4 ,& ,I F9D IT ONE ( ! MO/ DELI<TFUL LITTLE SIDE AMUSEM5TS ( W&]+ ?R\< ! FIELD ( OLD LIT]ATURE1 :ILE 9 ! CRITICAL VE91 TO /RAY >\ND AMONG ! OLD /UMPS & CROOK$ C[PA?S ( ,5GLI% SPELL+4 ,MU* PLEASURE IS TO BE D]IV$ FROM SEE+ :AT OLD WORDS GREW TOGE!R & MADE NEW ONES2 :AT SYLLABLES OR LETT]S GOT LOPP$ (F OR TWI/$1 H[ SIL5T LETT]S BECAME SIL5T & :Y2 FROM :AT OLD] LANGUAGE PLANT$1 & :AT ITS RELATIVES >E4 ,IT IS MU* ! SAME PLEASURE ?AT ONE GETS FROM TRAIL+ >\ND ?R\< ! N>R[ CROOK$ /REETS & S5SELESS ME&]+S ( ,LONDON ,CITY4 ,EV]YBODY KN[S IT'S A FOOLI% WAY TO BUILD A CITY2 ?AT ALL /REETS %\LD BE /RAI<T & WIDE & WELL-DI/RIBUT$4 ,BUT S9CE !Y >E NOT1 & ,LONDON IS TOO BIG = ONE'S 9DIVIDUAL EX]TION TO RE=M1 ONE CONS5TS TO TAKE 9T]E/ 9 EXPLA9+ ! CROOK$NESS--9 M5TALLY DISSOLV+ ! GREAT CITY 9TO ! HUNDR$ LITTLE VILLAGES :I* COALESC$ TO MAKE IT2 9 M>K+ ?IS PO9T AS ! PLACE :]E ,/4 ,SOMEBODY-OR-,O!R KNELT & PRAY$ ONCE & !RE=E !RE HAD TO BE A CROSS-/REET H]E2 & ?IS O!R PO9T AS ! PLACE :]E ! ROAD SWEPT R\ND BECAUSE M>TYRS W]E WONT TO BE BURNT !RE1 ETC41 ETC4 ,! TR\BLE IS ?AT AFT] A :ILE ONE GETS TO LOVE ALL ?AT QUA9T ILLOGICAL TANGLE1 SEE+ ALWAYS ! ?\S& YE>S ( HI/ORY 9 IT2 & SO ONE'S S5SES ACTUALLY BECOME VITIAT$ 5\< TO P]MIT HIM TO LOVE ! \TRAGES ( ,5GLI% SPELL+1 BECAUSE ( ! FEATURES ( M5'S S\LS ?AT >E IMAG$ !RE94 ,:5 ,I LOOK AT ! WORD 0LAU<10 ,I FANCY ,I HE> ! JOY\S DEEP GUTTURAL 0<A-<A-<A0 ( ! OLD ,SAXON :O DI$ LONG BE=E ! =EIGN GRAFT ON ! ,5GLI% /OCK S(T5$ ! 0<0 TO AN 0F06 

,REALLY ONE MU/ BECOME MORE PATI5T ) ! 0UN-SY/EM10 KN[+ H[ IT GREW1 & FEEL+ ?AT ?IS IS ! WAY ( ,MAN1--! WAY HE ALWAYS GR[S1--NOT AS HE \<T1 BUT AS HE CAN4 

,I HAVE SPOK5 ( =MS3 WORD-S\NDS1 WORD-SYMBOLS2 AS TO ! SPIRIT ( ?OSE E>LY WRIT+S1 FULL ( 9>TICULATE RELIGI\S S5TIM5T1 EMOTIONS SO /RONG !Y BUR/ FROM ! UTT]]'S ?ROAT ONE MI<T ALMO/ SAY 9 B>KS2 GLOOMY & =EBOD+2 !SE GRADUALLY *ANG+ TO MORE LI<TSOME FANCIES1--BEAUTY1 DELICACY1 AIR9ESS TAK+ !IR PLACE1 AS 9 ! FAIRY TALES & FOLK-SONGS ( ! PEOPLE1 :]E9 ! DE$S ( SUP]NATURALS >E SPORT$ )1 & IT BECOMES EVID5T ?AT LOVE & W9SOM5ESS >E USURP+ ! K+DOM ( ,P[] & ,FE>1--?R\< ALL WE >E COMPELL$ TO OBS]VE ONE CON/ANT T5D5CY ( ! HUMAN M9D1--! DESIRE TO FREE ITSELF FROM ITS [N CONDITIONS1 TO BE :AT IT IS NOT1 TO REPRES5T ITSELF AS SOME?+ BEYOND ITS P[]S ( ACCOMPLI%M5T4 ,9 !IR M9DS1 M5 HAD W+S1 & BREA!D 9 WAT]1 & SWAM ON L&1 & ATE AIR1 & ?RIV$ 9 DES]TS1 & WALK$ ?R\< SEAS1 & GA!R$ ROSES (F ICE-B]GS1 & COLLECT$ FROZ5 DEW (F ! TAILS ( SUNBEAMS1 DISP]S$ M\NTA9S ) MU/>D SE$S ( FAI?1 & CLIMB$ 9TO SOLID CAVES UND] ! RA9B[2 DID EV]Y?+ :I* IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE = !M TO DO4 

,IT IS 9 FACT ?IS IMAG9ATIVE FACULTY :I* HAS =E-RUN ! ACCOMPLI%M5TS ( SCI5CE & :ILE1 UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( PRACTICAL EXP]IM5T & ! EXT5SION ( KN[L$GE SU* DREAMS HAVE PASS$ AWAY1 ?IS MU* REMA9S & WILL LONG1 LONG REMA9 9 HUMANK9D1 COV]$ OV] & %AMEFAC$LY CONCEAL$ AS MU* AS MAY BE--?AT M5 P]PETUALLY CONCEIVE !MSELVES AS *RYSALID H]OES & WOND] WORK]S2 &1 UND] /RA9 ( OCCASION1 ?IS ELEM5T CROPS \T 9 !IR ACTIONS1 MAK+ !M DO ALL MANN] ( CURI\S ?+S :I* ! /&>D-SETT]S ( REALISM WILL DECL>E UTT]LY ILLOGICAL & IMPOSSIBLE4 ,(T5 IT IS ! COMMONE/ M5 :O DO !M4 

,I HAVE A FONDNESS = REALISM MYSELF2 AT LEA/ ,I HAVE A V]Y WICK$ FEEL+ T[>DS :AT IS CALL$ 0SYMBOLISM10 & V>I\S O!R ?+S :I* ,I DON'T UND]/&2 BUT AS ! 0,UNREALI/S10 ! 0,EXAGG]ATI/S10 ! :ATEV]-Y\-CALL-!M EXPRESS :AT ,I BELIEVE TO BE A V]Y P]MAN5T *>ACT]I/IC ( HUMANK9D1 AS EVID5C$ 9 ALL ! TRACES ( ITS WORK1 ,I ?9K !Y PROBABLY GIVE QUITE AS TRUE REFLECTIONS ( ,MAN'S ,S\L AS ! PRES5T FAVORITES4 

,!SE E>LY LIT]ATURES1 MO/ ( :I* HAVE ( C\RSE BE5 LO/1 W]E ! EMBRYOS ( \R MORE IMPOS+ CREATIONS2 & IT IS A PLEASANT & AN 9/RUCTIVE ?+ TO FOLL[ ! UNFOLD+ ( ,MON/] ,TALES 9TO ,GREAT ,RELIGI\S ,LIT]ATURES2 TO COMP>E !M & SEE H[ ! SAME FEW SIMPLE FIGURES1 EI!R TRANSPLANT$ OR SPONTANE\SLY PRODUC$ AT DIFF]5T PO9TS1 EVOLV$ 9TO ALL MANN] ( ,CREATORS1 ,R$EEM]S & MIRACLES 9 !IR V>I\S ALT]$ HABITATS4 ,NO ONE CAN SO ?OR\<LY APPRECIATE :AT IS 9 ! FACE ( A MAN TURN$ UPW>D 9 PRAY]1 AS HE :O HAS FOLL[$ ! EVOLUTION ( ! BLACK ,MON/] UP TO ?AT IMP]SONAL CONCEPTION ( ,GOD PRETTILY CALL$ BY ,QUAK]S 0! ,9N] ,LI<T40 

,FAIRY ,TALES ON ! O!R H& HAVE EVOLV$ 9TO ALLEGORIES & ,DRAMAS1--FIR/ ! DRAMAS ( ! SKY1 N[ ! DRAMAS ( E>?4 

,TALES ( ,SEXUAL EXPLOITS HAVE BECOME NOVELS1 NOVELETTES1 %ORT /ORIES1 SKET*ES1--A MANY-EXPRESSION$ C\NT5ANCE ( ,MAN4 ,BUT ! OLD ,H]OIC ,LEG5D1--& ! ,H]O IS ALWAYS ! NEXT BORN AFT] ! ,MON/] 9 ! F>-BACK DAWN-DAYS1 IS ! L9EAL PROG5ITOR ( ,HI/ORY1--,HI/ORY :I* WAS FIR/ ! GLORIFICATION ( A W>RIOR & HIS AIDS2 !N ! /ORY ( ,K+S1 C\RTS1 & 9TRIGUES2 N[ MO/LY ! REPORT ( ! DE$S ( NATIONS 9 !IR UGLY MOODS2 & TO BECOME ! RECORD ( :AT PEOPLE HAVE DONE 9 !IR MORE AMIABLE MOM5TS1--! RECORD ( ! CONQUE/S ( PEACE2 H[ M5 HAVE LIV$ & LABOR$2 DUG & BUILT1 HEWN & CLE>$1 G>D5$ & RE=E/$1 ORGANIZ$ & COOP]AT$1 MANUFACTUR$ & US$1 $UCAT$ & AMUS$ !MSELVES4 ,?OSE ( US :O ASPIRE TO BE MORE OR LESS SUGGE/]S ( SOCIAL *ANGE1 >E GREATLY AT A LOSS1 IF WE DO NOT KN[ ! FACE ( ,MAN AS REFLECT$ 9 HI/ORY2 & ,I MEAN AS MU* ! REFLECTION ( ! M9DS ( HI/ORIANS AS SE5 9 !IR HI/ORIES AS ! REFLECTION ( ! M9DS ( O!RS !Y S\<T TO GIVE2 NOT SO MU* 9 ! DIRECT EXPRESSION ( !IR OP9ION EI!R1 AS 9 ! *OICE ( :AT !Y ?\<T IT WOR? :ILE TO TRY TO /AMP P]PETUITY UPON4 

,:5 WE READ 9 ! ,ANGLO-,SAXON ,*RONICLE !SE ITEMS :I* >E *>ACT]I/IC ( ! :OLE3 

0,A4 ,D4 #f#a#a4 ,?IS YE> ,CYNEGILS SUCCE$$ TO ! GOV]NM5T 9 ,WESSEX1 & HELD IT #ca W9T]S4 ,CYNEGILS WAS ! SON ( ,CEOL1 ,CEOL ( ,CU?A1 ,CU?A ( ,CYMRIC40 

,& !N1 

0#f#a#d4 ,?IS YE> ,CYNEGILS & ,CUIEHELM F\<T AT ,BAMPTON & SLEW #bdf ( ! ,WEL%40 

,& !N 

0#f#g#h4 ,?IS YE> APPE>$ ! COMET /> 9 ,AUGU/1 & %ONE EV]Y MORN+ DUR+ ?REE MON?S LIKE A SUNBEAM4 ,BI%OP ,WILFR$ BE+ DRIV5 FROM HIS BI%OPRIC BY ,K+ ,EV]?1 TWO BI%OPS W]E CONSECRAT$ 9 HIS /EAD40 

--:5 WE READ !SE WE HAVE NOT ANY V]Y ADEQUATE CONCEPTION ( :AT ! ,ANGLO-,SAXON PEOPLE W]E DO+2 BUT WE HAVE A V]Y /RIK+ & LA/+ IMPRESSION ( :AT ! ONLY M5 :O TRI$ TO WRITE HI/ORY AT ALL 9 ?AT P]IOD ( ,5GLI% EXI/5CE1 ?\<T IT WAS WOR? :ILE TO RECORD4 

0,CYNEGILS WAS ! SON ( ,CEOL1 & HE ( ,CU?A1 & ,CU?A ( ,CYMRIC40 ,IT READS CONSID]ABLY LIKE A /OCK-RAIS]'S P$IGREE BOOK4 ,! TR\BLE IS1 WE HAVE NO P>TICUL> NOTION ( ,CYMRIC4 ,PROBABLY IF WE W5T BACK WE %\LD F9D HE WAS ! SON ( ,SOMEBODY4 ,BUT AT ANY RATE1 HE HAD A GR&SON1 & ! GR&SON WAS A K+1 & ! *RONICL] !RE=E RECORD$ HIM4 ,NO?+ HAPP5$ = ?REE YE>S2 & !N ! *RONICLE RECORDS ?AT TWO K+S F\<T & SLEW #bdf M54 ,!N COMES ! MOM5T\S YE> #f< :5 A COMET APPE>$ & A BI%OP LO/ HIS JOB4 ,NO D\BT ! COMET =ETOLD ! LOSS4 ,!RE >E NO RECORDS ( :5 %OEMAK]S LO/ !IR JOBS ?AT ,I KN[ (1 NOR H[ MANY %OEMAK]S W]E PUT 9 !IR PLACES2 & ,I IMAG9E IT W\LD HAVE BE5 AT LEA/ AS 9T]E/+ = US TO KN[ AS ! LITTLE MATT] ( ,BI%OP ,WILFR$4 ,BUT ! *RONICL] DID NOT ?9K SO2 HE PRES]V$ ! ,BI%OP'S TR\BLES--NO D\BT HE DID JU/ :AT ! %OEMAK]S ( ! TIME W\LD ALSO HAVE DONE1 PROVID+ !Y HAD BE5 ALSO *RONICL]S4 ,IT IS A FAIR SAMPLE ( :AT WAS 9 M5'S M9DS AS IMPORTANT4--,IF ANY ONE FANCIES ?AT ?IS DISPOSITION HAS QUITE VANI%$1 LET HIM PICK UP ANY ORD9>Y HI/ORY1 & SEE H[ MANY PAGES1 RELATIVELY1 >E DEVOT$ TO ! DO+S ( P]SONS 9T5T ON SLAY+1 & ?OSE 9T5T ON PEACEFUL OCCUPATION2 & H[ MANY TIMES WE >E TOLD ?AT C]TA9 POLITICIANS LO/ !IR JOBS1 & H[ WE >E NOT TOLD ANY?+ AB\T ! ORD9>Y PEOPLE LOS+ !IR JOBS2 & !N REFLECT :E!R ! OLD FACE ( ,MAN-!-,HI/ORIAN IS QUITE ANO!R FACE YET4 

,BIOGRAPHY1 AS A SORT ( SECOND (FSPR+ ( ! ,H]O LEG5D1 IS ANO!R REVELATION1 :5 WE READ IT1 NOT ONLY TO KN[ ITS SUBJECT1 BUT TO KN[ ITS WRIT]1--! /&PO9T FROM :I* HE VALUES ANO!R MAN'S LIFE4 ,ORD9>ILY !RE IS A GREAT DEAL ( 0,CYNEGILS ! SON ( ,CU?A ! SON ( ,CYMRIC0 9 IT2 & A GREAT DEAL ( EMPHASIS UPON ! MAN AS AN 9DIVIDUAL PH5OM5ON2 :5 REALLY HE W\LD BE MORE 9T]E/+ & MORE COMPREH5SIBLE LEFT 9 CONNECTION ) ! S]IES ( PH5OM5A ( :I* HE WAS P>T4 ,AS AN EXAMPLE ( :AT TO ME IS A P]FECT BIOGRAPHY1 ,I 9/ANCE ,CONWAY'S ,LIFE ( ,?OMAS ,PA9E1 ITSELF A VALUABLE HI/ORY4 ,BUT IT IS NOT SO CORRECT A MIRROR ( ! G5]AL ATTITUDE ( BIOGRAPH]S & READ]S ( BIOGRAPHY AS ,BOSWELL'S ,LIFE ( ,JOHNSON1 EXCEPT 9 SO F> AS IT 9DICATES ?AT ! GREAT FACE 9 ! GLASS IS *ANG+4 

,IT IS RA!R ! TYPE ( :AT BIOGRAPHY IS BECOM+1 ?AN :AT IT HAS BE51 OR IS4 

,!RE >E TWO DIVISIONS ( LIT]ATURE :I* >E G5]ALLY NAM$ 9 ONE BREA?1 & >E C]TA9LY CLOSELY CONNECT$2 & YET ! ONE CAME TO HI<LY P]FECT$ =MS LONG1 LONG AGO1 :ILE ! O!R IS PROP]LY SPEAK+ V]Y Y\NG2 & = ALL ?AT1 ! OLD] IS ! H&MAID ( ! Y\NG]4 ,I MEAN ! LIT]ATURES ( PHILOSOPHY & SCI5CE4 

,PHILOSOPHY IS SIMPLY ! COORD9ATION ( ! SCI5CES2 ! =MULATION ( ! G5]AL1 & RELAT$ PR9CIPLES D$UC$ FROM ! COLLECTION & ORD]LY >RANGEM5T ( ! FACTS ( EXI/5CE4 ,YET ,MAN HAD RI* LIT]ATURES ( PHILOSOPHY1 :ILE HIS KN[L$GE ( FACTS WAS YET SO EXTREMELY LIMIT$ AS H>DLY TO BE WOR? :ILE WRIT+ BOOKS AB\T4 ,NONE ( ! APPE>ANCES ( ,MAN'S ,S\L IS MORE 9T]E/+ ?AN ?AT REFLECT$ 9 ! CONT9U\S SUCCESSION ( PHILOSOPHIES HE HAS P\R$ \T4 ,LET HIM :O READS !M1 READ !M ALWAYS TWICE2 FIR/1 SIMPLY TO KN[ & GRASP :AT IS SAID1 TO BECOME FAMILI> ) ! IDEA AS IT =M$ ITSELF 9 ! M9DS ( ?OSE :O CONCEIV$ IT2 SECOND1 = ! SAKE ( FIGUR+ ! RE/LESS ACTIVITY ( BRA91 ! POSITIVE NE$ ( ! M9D UND] ALL CONDITIONS TO =MULATE :AT KN[L$GE IT HAS1 OR ?9KS IT HAS1 9TO SOME SORT ( CONNECT$ :OLE4 ,?IS IS ONE ( ! MO/ PRON\NC$ & P]MAN5T FEATURES SE5 9 ! MIRROR3 ! POSITIVE REFUSAL ( ! M9D TO ACCEPT ! ISOLATION ( EXI/5CES2 NO MATT] H[ F> AP>T !Y LIE1 ,MAN PROCE$S TO SP9 CONNECT+ ?READS SOMEH[4 ,! WOV5 TEXTURE IS (T5 COMICAL 5\<1 BUT ! WEAV] IS JU/ AS POSITIVELY REVEAL$ 9 ! COBWEBS ( ANCI5T PHILOSOPHY AS 9 ! REASON+ ( ,H]B]T ,SP5C]4 

,CONC]N+ ! LIT]ATURE ( ,SCI5CE ITSELF1 9 /RICT T]MS1 ,I %\LD BE V]Y PRESUMPTU\S TO SPEAK ( IT1 BECAUSE ,I KN[ EXTREMELY LITTLE AB\T IT2 BUT ( ?OSE G5]AL POPUL>IZATIONS ( IT1 :I* WE HAVE 9 SOME ( ! WORKS ( ,HAECKEL1 ,D>W91 & !IR SIMIL>S1 ,I %\LD SAY ?AT BEYOND ! IMPORTANT 9=MATION !Y CONTA9 9 !MSELVES 7:I* SURELY NO ONE CAN AF=D TO BE 9 IGNORANCE (7 !Y PRES5T ! MO/ TRANS=M$ REFLECTION ( ,MAN :I* ANY LIT]ATURE GIVES4 ,!IR WORDS >E COLD1 COLORLESS1 BURD5$ ) ! LABOR ( EXACTNESS1 MA*9E LIKE1 SU/A9$1 UNCOMPROMIS+1 C>ELESS ( EFFECT4 ,! SPIRIT !Y EMBODY IS LIKE UNTO !M4 ,!Y (F] ! IMAGE ( ,MAN'S ,S\L 9 ! TIME :ILE IMAG9ATION IS 9 ABEYANCE1 REASON ASC5DANT4 

,?IS COLDNESS & QUIETNESS S\ND ! DOOM ( POETRY4 ,A PEOPLE :I* %ALL BE FULLY P]MEAT$ ) ! SPIRIT & WORD ( ,SCI5CE WILL NEV] CONCEIVE GREAT POEMS4 ,!Y WILL NEV] BE OV]COME LONG 5\< AT A TIME BY !IR WOND] & ADMIRATION1 BY !IR PRIMITIVE IMPULSES1 BY !IR P[] ( SIMPLE IMPRESSION1 TO ?9K OR TO SPEAK POETICALLY4 ,!Y WILL NEV] SEE TREES AS IMPAL$ GIANTS ANY MORE2 !Y WILL SEE !M AS EVOLV$ DESC5DANTS ( PHYTOPLASM4 ,DEWDROPS >E NO MORE ! JEWELS ( ! FAIRIES2 !Y >E ! PRODUCE ( COND5SATION UND] GIV5 ATMOSPH]IC CONDITIONS4 ,S++ /ONES >E NOT ! PRISONS ( PUNI%$ SPIRITS1 BUT PROBLEMS 9 AC\/ICS4 ,! BAS9S ( FJORDS >E NOT ! TRACK ( ! ANG] ( ,?OR1 BUT ! PA?WAYS ( GLACIATION4 ,! RO> & BLAZE & VOMIT ( ,ETNA1 >E NOT ! REBELLION ( ! ,TITAN1 BUT ! EXPLOSION ( SO & SO MANY MILLION CUBIC FEET ( GAS4 ,! COMET %ALL NO MORE BE ! H]ALD ( ! WRA? ( HEAV51 IT IS A NEBUL\S BODY REVOLV+ 9 AN ELLIPTICAL ORBIT ( GREAT ELONGATION4 ,LOVE--LOVE WILL NOT BE ! W\ND ( ,CUPID1 BUT ! MANIFE/ATION ( UNIV]SAL REPRODUCTIVE 9/9CTS4 

,NO1 ! GREAT POEMS ( ! WORLD HAVE BE5 PRODUC$2 !Y HAVE SUNG !IR SONG & GONE !IR WAY4 ,IMAG9ATION REMA9S TO US1 BUT WEAK5$1 MIX$1 TAM$1 CALM$4 ,V]SES WE %ALL HAVE1--& MANY FRAGM5TS1--FRAGM5TS ( BEAUTY & P[]2 BUT NEV] AGA9 ! ?UND]-ROLL ( ! MI<TY E>LY SONG4 ,WE HAVE ! B5EFITS ( SCI5CE2 WE MU/ HAVE ITS D]OGATIONS ALSO4 ,! P[]FUL FRAGM5TS WILL BE SU* AS DEAL ) ! /ILL UNEXPLOR$ REGIONS ( ,MAN'S [N 9T]NITY--IF ,I MAY CO9 ! WORD4 ,SCI5CE IS /ILL BALK+ H]E4 ,BUT NOT = LONG4 ,WE %ALL SOON HAVE MADM5 TURN$ 9SIDE \T1 & !IR MADNESS PA9/AK+LY R$UC$ TO SO-&-SO MANY EXCESSIVE OR DEFICI5T N]VE-VIBRATIONS P] SECOND4 ,!N NO MORE ( ,PE'S 0,RAV50 & ,IBS5'S 0,BR&40 

,I HAVE SAID ?AT ,I 9T5D$ TO 9DICATE A WID] CONCEPT ( LIT]ATURE ?AN ?AT G5]ALLY ALL[$4 ,SO F> ,I HAVE NOT DONE IT2 AT LEA/ ALL ?AT ,I HAVE DEALT ) IS USUALLY M5TION$ 9 WORKS ON LIT]ATURE4 ,BUT ,I WI% N[ TO MA9TA9 ?AT SOME V]Y L[LY =MS ( WRITT5 EXPRESSION MU/ BE 9CLUD$ 9 LIT]ATURE1--ALWAYS REMEMB]+ ?AT ,I AM SEEK+ ! COMPLETE COMPOSITE ( ,MAN'S ,S\L4 

,H]E !N3 ,I 9CLUDE 9 LIT]ATURE1 BESIDE :AT ,I HAVE SPOK5 ON1 NOT ONLY /&>D NOVELS1 /ORIES1 SKET*ES1 TRAVELS1 & MAGAZ9E ESSAYS ( ALL SORTS1 BUT ! POORE/1 PALTRIE/ DIME NOVEL1 DETECTIVE /ORY1 DAILY NEWSPAP] REPORT1 BASEBALL GAME ACC\NT1 & SPLA% ADV]TISEM5T4 

,OH1 :AT A *>M+ PICTURE ( \RSELVES WE SEE !RE96 ,& A FAI?FUL ONE1 M9D Y\6 ,?9K :AT A SPEAK+ LIK5ESS ( \RSELVES WAS ! REPORT ( NATIONAL1 9T]NATIONAL1 RACIAL IMPORTANCE--! ,JEFFRIES-,JOHNSON FI<T6 ,NAY1 ,I AM NOT LAU<+4 ,! PEOPLE ( ! FUTURE >E GO+ TO LOOK BACK AT ! RECORD A ?\S& YE>S FROM N[2 & SAY1 0,?IS IS :AT 9T]E/$ M5 9 ! YE> #a#i#a40 ,I WOND] :I* WILL APPE> MO/ LUDICR\S !N1 ,BI%OP ,WILFR$ 9 JUXTAPOSITION ) ! COMET />1 OR ! DE/9Y ( ! :ITE RACE PUT 9 JEOP>DY BY A PUGILI/IC CONTE/ BETWE5 ONE :ITE & ONE BLACK MAN6 ,O ! BAT$ BREA?1 ! EXPECTANT EYES1 ! 9BITT5 LIP1 ! TAUT MUSCLES1 ! RIVET$ ATT5TION1 ( HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE WAT*+ ! GREAT 0SCI5TIFIC0 COMBAT4 ,I WOND] :E!R ! YE> #c WILL ADMIRE IT MORE OR LESS ?AN ! ,SONG ( ,BE[ULF & ! ,BATTLE ( ,BRUNANBURH4 

,CONSID] ! S\L REFLECT$ ON ! SPORT+ PAGE4 ,OH1 H[ M]CILESSLY CORRECT IT IS6 ,CONSID] ! S\L REFLECT$ ON ! ADV]TIS+ PAGE4 ,OH1 ! CONSUMMATE LI> ?AT /RIDES ACROSS IT6 ,OH1 ! GULL1 ! SIMPLETON1 ! W\LD-BE GETT] ( SOME?+ = NO?+ :OSE EXI/5CE IT >GUES6 ,YEA1 COMM]CIAL MAN HAS SET HIS IMAGE !RE92 LET HIM REG>D HIMSELF :5 HE GETS TIME4 

,& ! BODY ( \R RE=M LIT]ATURE1 :I* REALLY REFLECTS ! V]Y BE/ SOCIAL ASPIRATIONS ( M51 H[ PRODIGAL 9 WORDS IT IS1--H[ 9DEF9ITE 9 IDEAS6 ,H[ G5]\S ( BRO!RHOOD--& SI/]HOOD--9 ! L>GE2 H[ *>Y 9 ! PRACTICE6 ,DO WE NOT APPE> !RE9 AS CURI\S LITTLE DW>FS :O HAVE SOMEH[ GOTT5 0BIG HEADS08 ,MITES GE/ICULAT+ AT ! />S & IMAG9+ !Y >E AFRAID BECAUSE !Y TW9KLE4 ,I W\LD NOT DISC\RAGE ANY COMRADE ( M9E 9 ! SOCIAL /RUGGLE1 BUT SOMETIMES IT IS A :OLESOME ?+ TO RECONSID] \R SIZE4 

,A WORD 9 DEF5SE ( ! SILLY /ORY4 ,LET US NOT =GET ?AT L[LY M9DS HAVE L[LY NE$S2 & ! MASS ( M9DS >E L[LY1 & HAVE A RI<T TO SU* GRATIFICATION AS IS NOT BEYOND !IR COMPREH5SION4 ,SO LONG AS ,I DO NOT HAVE TO READ ?OSE /ORIES1 ,I FEEL QUITE GLAD = ! SAKE ( ?OSE :O >E NOT ABLE TO WANT BETT] ?AT SU* GRATIFICATION IS NOT D5I$ !M4 ,I W\LD NOT WI% TO FR[N ! SILLY /ORY \T ( EXI/5CE SO LONG AS IT IS A V]ITABLE EXPRESSION ( MANY PEOPLE'S NE$4 ,!RE >E ?OSE :O HAVE ONLY LE>N$ ! >T ( READ+ AT ALL BECAUSE ( ! FOOLI% /ORY4 ,& QUITE 9 A SIDE WAY ,I LE>N$ ! O!R DAY ?R\< ! GRAVE ASS]TION ( A PHYSICIAN ?AT ! ABILITY TO READ EV5 !SE1 :]EBY SOME LITTLE REF9EM5T ( CONCEPTION IS 9TRODUC$ 9TO ! IDEA ( LOVE1 IS ONE ( ! RE/RA9+ 9FLU5CES UPON SEXUAL DEGRADATION COMMON AMONG POOR & IGNORANT Y\NG WOM54 ,! FACE ( MAN REVEAL$ 9 !M IS !RE=E NOT ALTOGE!R )\T *>M1 ?\< IT MAY LOOK FOOLI% TO US4 ,I SAID !RE W]E SOME APPE>ANCES 9 ! ,MIRROR NOT G5]ALLY REM>K$1 BUT :I* TO ME >E SUGGE/IVE4 ,ONE ( !SE IS ! EVID5T DELI<T ( ! HUMAN S\L 9 SMUT4 ,9 ! OLD] LIT]ATURE !SE ?+S >E EI!R BADLY SET D[N1 AS LAW & CURS+1 AS OCCASIONALLY 9 ! ,BIBLE2 OR !Y >E CLO!D & MIX$ ) SPRI<TLY IMAG9ATIONS AS 9 ! TALES ( ,BOCCACCIO & ,*AUC]2 OR !Y >E ?9LY VEIL$ ) A POSSIBLE MODE/ MEAN+ AS 9 ! PUNS ( ! ,%AKESPE>IAN P]IOD2 BUT 9 \R DAY1 !Y COMPOSE A SUBT]RANEAN LIT]ATURE ( !MSELVES1 LIKE SEGREGAT$ H>LOTS AMONG BOOKS4 ,%\LD ,I SAY ?AT ,I BLU% = ?IS FACE ( ,MAN8 ,I \<T TO1 P]HAPS1 BUT ,I DO NOT3 ALL ,I SAY IS1 ! ?+ IS !RE1 A V]Y REAL1 A V]Y P]SI/5T IMAGE 9 ! GLASS2 NO ONE :O LOOKS /RAI<T 9TO IT CAN AVOID SEE+ IT4 ,MIX$ ) ! HUMOR\S1 AS IT (T5--RA!R USUALLY--IS1 IT SEEMS TO BE ONE ( ! NORMAL EXPRESSIONS ( NORMAL M54 ,WE DECEIVE \RSELVES GREATLY IF WE FANCY ?AT ,MAN HAS BECOME PURIFI$ ( SU* IMAG9ATIONS BECAUSE !Y >E NOT US$ OP5LY 9 MOD]N DRAMAS & /ORIES1 AS !Y W]E 9 ! OLD] ONES4 

,IT MAY BE DANG]\S TO SAY IT1 BUT ,I BELIEVE FROM ! EVID5CE ( LIT]ATURE AS A :OLE1 ?AT A MOD]ATE AM\NT ( AMUSEM5T 9 SMUT IS A SAV+ BALANCE 9 ! PSY*OLOGY ( NE>LY EV]Y MAN & WOMAN1--A SIGN ( AN*ORAGE 9 A ROBU/ SANITY1 :I* TAKES ?+S AS !Y >E--& LAU<S AT !M4 ,I BELIEVE IT IS A MU* MORE :OLESOME APPE>ANCE1 ?AN ?AT BETRAY$ 9 \R FEV]-BR$ /ORIES & SKET*ES :I* DEAL ) ! ABNORMALITIES ( M51 & :I* >E GR[+ MORE & MORE 9 VOGUE1 9 SPITE ( \R CRY AB\T REALISM4 

,P]SONALLY1 ,I AM MORE 9T]E/$ 9 ! ABNORMALITIES1 :I* ,I F9D V]Y FASC9AT+4 ,& ,I AM V]Y EAG] TO KN[ :E!R !Y WILL PROVE TO BE ! RESULT ( ! ABNORMAL CONDITIONS ( LIFE :I* ,MOD]N ,MAN HAS CREAT$ = HIMSELF 9 HIS TAMP]+ ) ! =CES ( NATURE1--HIS /R5U\S 9DU/RIAL EXI/5CE1 HIS TURN+ ( NI<T 9TO DAY1 HIS :IRL+ HIMSELF OV] ! WORLD AT A PACE NOT AT ALL 9 CON=MITY ) HIS NATIVE P[]S ( LOCOMOTION1 & O!R MATT]S 9 ACCORDANCE4 ,OR WILL !Y PROVE TO BE ! REV5GE ( ! DAMM$ UP1 CRIBB$1 CAB9$1 & CONF9$ IMAG9ATION1 :I* CAN NO LONG] EX]T ITSELF UPON EXT]NALS1--S9CE ! ,9VE/IGAT+ ,MAN HAS EXPLA9$ & MA/]$ !SE OR IS DO+ SO--& N[ TURNS 9 TO WREAK FRI<TFUL WRECK UPON ! M9D ITSELF8 

,AT ANY RATE1 ! FACT IS ?AT WE HAVE SOME V]Y CURI\S APPE>ANCES 9 ! ,MIRROR JU/ N[2 MADM5 EXPLA9+ !IR [N MADNESS1 DISEAS$ M5 PICK+ AP>T !IR [N DISEASES1 P]V]T$ M5 ANALYZ+ !IR [N P]V]SIONS1 ANY?+1 EV]Y?+ BUT SANE & NORMAL M54 ,DOES IT MEAN ?AT 9 \R DAY !RE IS NO?+ 9T]E/+ 9 GOOD HEAL?1 9 WELL-ORD]$ LIVES8 ,OR DOES IT MEAN ?AT ! R>E/ ?+ 9 ALL ! WORLD IS ! SO-CALL$ NORMAL MAN1 :OM TACIT CONS5T ASSUMES TO BE ! COMMONE/8 ,?AT EV]YBODY1 :ILE \TW>DLY WE>+ A MASK ( REPUTABLE COMMON S5SE1 IS )9 A RAG+ CONGLOM]ATION ( PSY*IC ELEM5TS ?AT HURL !MSELVES ON ONE ANO!R LIKE HISS+ FLAMES8 ,OR DOES IT MEAN SIMPLY ?AT ! MO/ P[]FUL WRIT]S >E !MSELVES DISEAS$1 & CAN ONLY PA9T DISEASE8 

,I PUT !SE QUE/IONS & DO NOT PRESUME TO ANSW] !M4 ,I PO9T TO ! MIRROR1--! ,IBS5 ,DRAMA1 ! ,&REYEV ,/ORY1 ! ,MAET]L9CK ,POEM1 ! ,>TZIBA%EV NOVEL1--& ,I SAY ! IMAGE IS !RE4 ,EXPLA9 IT AS Y\ CAN4 

,= ! RE/1 LET ME RECALL TO Y\ :AT ,I TOLD Y\ WAS MY 9T5T3 

,FIR/3 ,TO 9SI/ ON A MORE 9CLUSIVE VIEW ( ,LIT]ATURE2 Y\ SEE ,I W\LD HAVE IT EXT5D$ BO? UP & D[N1--D[N EV5 TO ! ADV]TISEM5T1 ! SPORT+ PAGE1 & ! SURREPTITI\S ANECDOTE1--UP TO ! FULLE/ & MO/ COMPREH5SIVE /ATEM5TS ( ! WORKS ( REASON4 

,SECOND3 ,TO SUGGE/ ?AT READ]S ACQUIRE ! HABIT ( READ+ TWICE1 OR AT LEA/ ) A D\BLE 9T5T4 ,:5 S]I\S LIT]ATURE IS TO BE CONSID]$1 ,I W\LD 9SI/ ON ACTUALLY READ+ TWICE2 BUT ( C\RSE IT W\LD BE BO? IMPRACTICAL & UNDESIRABLE TO APPLY SU* A ME?OD TO MO/ ( ! PR9T WE LOOK AT4 

,?OSE :O >E CONFIRM$ 9 ! HABITS ( W\LD-BE CRITICS WILL HAVE ! GREATE/ TR\BLE 9 LE>N+ TO READ A BOOK FROM ! SIMPLE MAN'S /&PO9T1--& YET NO ONE CAN EV] =M A G5U9E APPRECIATION ( A WORK :O HAS NOT FIR/ =GOTT5 ?AT HE IS A CRITIC1 & ALL[$ HIMSELF TO BE C>RI$ AWAY 9TO ! EV5TS & P]SONALITIES DEPICT$ !RE94 ,9 ?AT FIR/ READ+1 ALSO1 ONE %\LD TRA9 HIMSELF TO FEEL & HE> ! MUSIC ( LANGUAGE1--?IS GREAT 9/RUM5T :I* ,M5 HAVE JO9TLY BUILT1 & \T ( :I* COME GREAT ORGAN TONES1 & TRUMPET CALLS1 & ?9 FLUTE NOTES1 SWEEP+ & WAIL+1 AN >TICULATE /ORM--A CONJUR+ KEY :]EBY ALL ! PASSIONS ( ! DEAD1 ! MILLIONS ( ! DEAD1 HAVE GIV5 TO ! LIV+ ! P[] TO CALL !IR <O/S \T ( ! GRAVE & MAKE !M WALK4 ,YEA1 EV]Y WORD IS ! MY/IC EMBODIM5T ( A ?\S& YE>S ( VANI%$ PASSION1 HOPE1 DESIRE1 ?\<T--ALL ?AT BATTL$ ?R\< ! LIV+ FIGURES TURN$ TO DU/ & A%ES LONG AGO4 ,TRA9 Y\R E>S TO HE> ! SONG ( IT2 IT HELPS TO FEEL :AT ! WRIT] FELT4 

,& AFT] ?AT READ CRITICALLY1 ) ONE EYE ON ! PAGE1 SO TO SPEAK1 & ! O!R ON ! REFLECTION 9 ! MIRROR1 LOOK+ = ! M9D BEH9D ! WORK1 ! ?+S :I* 9T]E/$ ! AU?OR & ?OSE HE WROTE =4 

,?IRD3 ,TO SUGGE/ 9QUIRY 9TO ! CURI\S P>ADOX ( ! PEOPLE ( ! MO/ HI<LY EVOLV$ SCI5TIFIC & ME*ANICAL AGE TAK+ ESPECIAL DELI<T 9 PSY*IC ABNORMALITIES & MORBIDITIES1--:]EBY ! MO/ UTT]LY UNREASONABLE FICTIVE CREATION BECOMES ! GREATE/ C5T] ( CURIOSITY & ATTRACTION TO ! *ILDR5 ( ,REASON4 

,A ,MIRROR ,MAZE IS LIT]ATURE1 :]E9 ,MAN SEES ALL FACES ( HIMSELF1 L5G!N$ H]E1 WID5$ !RE1 DI/ORT$ 9 ANO!R PLACE1 RE/OR$ AGA9 TO DUE PROPORTION1 ) EV]Y POSSIBLE EXPRESSION ON HIS FACE1 FROM ABJECTNESS TO H]OIC D>+1 FROM />T+ T]ROR TO ICY C\RAGE1 FROM LOVE TO HATE & BACK AGA9 TO WOR%IP1 FROM ! ALMO/ SUBLIME D[N TO ! ALTOGE!R GROTESQUE1--N[ GIANT1 N[ DW>F1--BUT ALWAYS ) ONE P]SI/5T *>ACT]1--HIS SUP]B CURIOSITY TO SEE HIMSELF4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,LIT]ATURE ! ,MIRROR ( ,MAN -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,LIT]ATURE ! ,MIRROR ( ,MAN -- ,UPDAT$4 

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