Notes
Lucien van der Walt, ‘Counterpower, Participatory Democracy, Revolutionary Defense: Debating Black Flame, Revolutionary Anarchism and Historical Marxism,’ International Socialism 130 , accessed 19 February 2017, http://isj.org.uk/revolutionary-anarchism-and-historical-marxism/. Stuart Christie and Albert Meltzer, The Floodgates of Anarchy (London: Kahn & Averill, 1970), 6. Jorge Semprun, Communism in Spain in the Franco Era: The Autobiography of Federico Sanchez, trans. Helen R. Lane (Sussex: Harvester, 1980), 7. Marie-Louise Berneri, Neither East Nor West: Selected Writings 1939–1948 (London: Freedom Press, 1988), 66. Benjamin Franks, ‘Between Anarchism and Marxism: The Beginnings and Ends of the Schism …,,’ Journal of Political Ideologies 17:2 , 207–27, accessed 15 February 2... (From : TheAnarchistLibrary.org.)

Bibliography
Bibliography Manuscripts and Archival Material Dachine Rainer Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University. Daniel Guérin Papers. International Institute for Social History, Amsterdam. David Thoreau Wieck Papers, 1942–1969. Peace Collection, Swarthmore College. Fonds Guérin. Bibliotheque de Documentation Internationale Contemporaine, Nanterre. James, C.L.R. ‘Charlie Lahr’ . Unpublished MS in the possession of David Goodway. Karl Korsch Papers. International Institute for Social History, Amsterdam. Leahy, Terry. Pre-War Anarchists and the Post-War Ultra-Left. MS, Sydney, 1981. McDonagh, Grant. My Involvement in an Ultra-Leftist Tendency. MS, Nelson, 1981. National Archives, London. KV/2/1... (From : TheAnarchistLibrary.org.)

Chapter 15 : Conclusion: Towards a Libertarian Socialism for the Twenty-First Century?
15. Conclusion: Towards a Libertarian Socialism for the Twenty-First Century? Saku Pinta and David Berry There is something that has amazed and even shocked me for a long time. There is a tragicomical paradox in the spectacle of people who claim to be revolutionary, who wish to overthrow the world and at the same time try to cling at all costs to a reference system, who would feel lost if the author or the system which guarantees the truth of what they believe, were to be taken away from them. How is it possible not to see that these people place themselves by their own volition in a position of mental subjection to a work which is already there, which has mastered a truth which henceforth can only be interpreted, refined, patched up? Cornelius Castoriadis It is difficult to imagine the ‘Black and Red’ conference... (From : TheAnarchistLibrary.org.)

Chapter 14 : Situating Hardt and Negri
14. Situating Hardt and Negri David Bates Introduction To what extent is it possible to situate Hardt and Negri’s thought? Are they best regarded as ‘anarchists,’ ‘socialists,’ ‘communists,’ ‘Marxists,’ ‘Leninists,’ ‘post-Marxists’ or ‘post-anarchists’? Answering this question is no mere intellectual exercise. As Wittgenstein once remarked, ‘words are deeds.’ On the radical Left, much blood has been spilled through those deeds, careers ended and reputations shattered. Of course, today a great deal is made of the claim that we live in ‘post-ideological’ times, ‘new times’ where ‘class struggle’ does not have the importance it once had; postmodern times, where meanings and identities are constantly subject to the contestation of ‘discourse.’... (From : TheAnarchistLibrary.org.)

Chapter 13 : Carnival and Class: Anarchism and Councilism in Australasia during the 1970s
13. Carnival and Class: Anarchism and Councilism in Australasia during the 1970s Toby Boraman Anarchism and ‘councilism,’ a form of libertarian socialism that was influenced heavily by council communism, converged in Australasia during the 1970s. Many anarchists drew upon councilism in order to update anarchism. Councilists sought to rejuvenate socialism from below and to reevaluate Marx. In so doing, they took an anarchistic turn. Overall, two loose anarchist/councilist tendencies emerged. The first was that of ‘class-struggle anarchists’ and councilists. The second was a bohemian, anti-work current represented by ‘carnival anarchists’ and situationist groupings influenced by the Situationist International (SI). This chapter examines the perspectives these currents held on class. Both tendencies, following the councilist analysis of ‘bureaucratic capitalism,’ asserte... (From : TheAnarchistLibrary.org.)

Council Communist Perspectives on the Spanish Civil War and Revolution, 1936–1939
7. Council Communist Perspectives on the Spanish Civil War and Revolution, 1936–1939 Saku Pinta Introduction Council Communism is often regarded as a current within the revolutionary Marxist tradition that bears a close resemblance to what some now refer to as ‘class struggle’ anarchism and is routinely considered to belong to a broader ‘libertarian communist’ tendency. In so far as those anarchist currents which embrace a revolutionary class politics are delineated from individualist or other variants, the common emphasis on direct action and forms of self-organization as the prefigurative organs of revolutionary change, distrust of bureaucracy and officialdom, and critique of both reformism and Bolshevism all... (From : TheAnarchistLibrary.org.)

Socialisme ou Barbarie or the Partial Encounters between Critical Marxism and Libertarianism
11. Socialisme ou Barbarie or the Partial Encounters between Critical Marxism and Libertarianism Benoît Challand For many, the French group Socialisme ou Barbarie remains associated with the name of the political theorist and psychoanalyst Cornelius Castoriadis (1922–1997). While Castoriadis played a pivotal role in the group, it also included a number of other prominent intellectuals over the course of its publishing lifetime, such as Claude Lefort (1924–2010), Jean-Francois Lyotard (1924–1998) and Guy Debord (1931–1994). The group’s eponymous journal, published between 1949 and 1965, was dedicated to an increasingly unorthodox Trotskyist critique and it provided an important platform for debating Marxis... (From : TheAnarchistLibrary.org.)

The Syndicalist Challenge in the Durham Coalfield before 1914
4. The Syndicalist Challenge in the Durham Coalfield before 1914 Lewis H. Mates Introduction The British ‘labor revolt’ immediately before the outbreak of the First World War saw millions of working days lost in strike action and the mushrooming of trade unions. This unrest, which included the first British national miners’ strike in 1912, coincided with a growth in revolutionary agitation. The emergence of syndicalist ideas, essentially revolutionary trade unionism, seemed fortuitously timed to give coherence and revolutionary temper to an urge to revolt evident in important sections of the organized (and previously unorganized) British working class. ‘Syndicalism’ is deployed here in its ‘broadest sense... (From : TheAnarchistLibrary.org.)

Anarchism, Individualism and Communism: William Morris’s Critique of Anarcho-communism
3. Anarchism, Individualism and Communism: William Morris’s Critique of Anarcho-communism Ruth Kinna Introduction William Morris’s commitment to revolutionary socialism is now well established, but the nature of his politics, specifically his relationship to Marxism and anarchist thought, is still contested. Perhaps, as Mark Bevir has argued, the ideological label pinned to Morris’s socialism is of ‘little importance’ for as long as his political thought is described adequately. Nevertheless, the starting point for this essay is that thinking about the application of ideological descriptors is a useful exercise and one which sheds important light on Morris’s socialism and the process of ideological format... (From : TheAnarchistLibrary.org.)

The Search for a Libertarian Communism: Daniel Guérin and the ‘Synthesis’ of Marxism and Anarchism
10. The Search for a Libertarian Communism: Daniel Guérin and the ‘Synthesis’ of Marxism and Anarchism David Berry I have a horror of sects, of compartmentalization, of people who are separated by virtually nothing and who nevertheless face each other as if across an abyss. Daniel Guérin Concerned that his reinterpretation of the French Revolution, La Lutte de classes sous la Première République , had been misunderstood, Daniel Guérin wrote to the socialist Marceau Pivert in 1947 that the book was to be seen as ‘an introduction to a synthesis of anarchism and Marxism-Leninism I would like to write one day.’ This paper aims to analyze exactly what Guérin meant by this ‘s... (From : TheAnarchistLibrary.org.)