,*APT] #ac 
,C>NIVAL & ,CLASS3 ,AN>*ISM & ,C\NCILISM 9 ,AU/RALASIA DUR+ ! #a#i#gS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX ,PRI*>D 

,AU?OR 3 ,&REW ,CORNELL 

,AU?OR 3 ,B5OIT ,*ALL& 

,AU?OR 3 ,C>L ,LEVY 

,TEXT 3 

#a#c4 ,C>NIVAL & ,CLASS3 ,AN>*ISM & ,C\NCILISM 9 ,AU/RALASIA DUR+ ! #a#i#gS 

,TOBY ,BORAMAN 

,AN>*ISM & 'C\NCILISM1' A =M ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM ?AT WAS 9FLU5C$ HEAVILY BY C\NCIL COMMUNISM1 CONV]G$ 9 ,AU/RALASIA DUR+ ! #a#i#gS4 ,MANY AN>*I/S DREW UPON C\NCILISM 9 ORD] TO UPDATE AN>*ISM4 ,C\NCILI/S S\<T TO REJUV5ATE SOCIALISM FROM BEL[ & TO REEVALUATE ,M>X4 ,9 SO DO+1 !Y TOOK AN AN>*I/IC TURN4 ,OV]ALL1 TWO LOOSE AN>*I/_/C\NCILI/ T5D5CIES EM]G$4 ,! FIR/ WAS ?AT ( 'CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*I/S' & C\NCILI/S4 ,! SECOND WAS A BOHEMIAN1 ANTI-WORK CURR5T REPRES5T$ BY 'C>NIVAL AN>*I/S' & SITUATIONI/ GR\P+S 9FLU5C$ BY ! ,SITUATIONI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 7,S,I74 

,?IS *APT] EXAM9ES ! P]SPECTIVES !SE CURR5TS HELD ON CLASS4 ,BO? T5D5CIES1 FOLL[+ ! C\NCILI/ ANALYSIS ( 'BUREAUCRATIC CAPITALISM1' ASS]T$ ?AT ! FUNDAM5TAL PROBLEM ) SOCIETY WAS ! LACK ( CONTROL PEOPLE HAD OV] !IR EV]YDAY LIVES4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 !Y BELIEV$ ?AT ! MAJOR DIVISION 9 SOCIETY WAS BETWE5 'ORD]-GIV]S' & 'ORD]-TAK]S' RA!R ?AN BETWE5 ! CAPITALI/ CLASS & ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,?IS ANALYSIS REPRES5T$ A %IFT AWAY FROM SEE+ CLASS EXPLOITATION AS C5TRAL TO ! EV]YDAY MA9T5ANCE & REPRODUCTION ( CAPITAL4 ,AS ,GREG ,GEORGE ( ! ,BRISBANE ,SELF-,MANAGEM5T ,GR\P 7,S,M,G7 SUGGE/$1 IT MI<T BE CALL$ A 'HI]>*ICAL ANALYSIS' BAS$ ON P[] RELATION%IPS ( 'DOM9ANCE_/SUBMISSION' RA!R ?AN A 'CLASS ANALYSIS' BAS$ ON EXPLOITATIVE SOCIAL RELATIONS D]IV$ FROM PROP]TY4.<#i#f#e.> ,NOT)/&+ ?IS CONV]G5T ANALYSIS1 A LA/+ SYN!SIS BETWE5 AN>*ISM & C\NCILISM DID NOT DEVELOP 9 PRACTICE4 

,! T5D5CIES' BROAD] RELATION%IP ) ! MULTIF>I\S =MS ( CLASS /RUGGLE ( ! #a#i#gS IS ALSO EXPLOR$4 ,?IS RELATION%IP %AP$ !IR T5SIONS1 ATTEMPTS AT COOP]ATION & !IR PRAXIS4 ,PLAC+ ! SMALL REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS /UDI$ 9 ?IS PIECE 9 !IR WID] CONTEXT IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT %[S H[ !Y W]E 9FLU5C$ 7OR NOT7 BY ?IS CONTEXT & (F]S A Y>D/ICK BY :I* !IR RELEVANCE & EFFECTIV5ESS CAN R\<LY BE JUDG$4 ,! C\NCILI/_/CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*I/ T5D5CY ATTEMPT$ TO RELATE TO WORK+-CLASS REVOLTS 9 ! WORKPLACE & COMMUNITY AGA9/ CAPITALI/1 /ATE1 UNION & LEFTI/ BUREAUCRACIES4 ,9 CONTRA/1 C>NIVALI/S & FOLL[]S ( ! ,S,I 7OR 'SITUS'7 G5]ALLY ATTEMPT$ TO RELATE IMAG9ATIVELY TO WORK+-CLASS RESI/ANCE BY DISAFFECT$ SUB-CULTURAL Y\?1 'DEL9QU5TS' & ! UNWAG$4 

,?IS *APT] PRES5TS A CASE /UDY ( ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 AN>*ISM & C\NCILISM 9 ,AU/RALASIA DUR+ ! #a#i#gS1 \TL9+ !IR ATTEMPTS AT COOP]ATION & !IR CLA%ES4 ,IT IS BAS$ ON EXT5SIVE RESE>*1 9CLUD+ MANY 9T]VIEWS1 9TO ?IS MILIEU 9 ,NEW ,ZEAL&1.<#i#f#f.> & ON A PRELIM9>Y & 9COMPLETE 9VE/IGATION 9TO ! CORRESPOND+ MILIEU 9 ,AU/RALIA4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ?IS PIECE AIMS TO %$ SOME LI<T ON LITTLE-KN[N AN>*I/ & LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ MOVEM5TS1 AS ,ANGLOPHONE /UDIES ( AN>*ISM & UNOR?ODOX ,M>XISM T5D TO NEGLECT MOVEM5TS \TSIDE ! ,U,K1 ,FRANCE & ! ,U,S,A4 ,:ILE MU* HAS BE5 WRITT5 AB\T ,SOLID>ITY 9 ! ,U,K & P>TICUL>LY ,SOCIALISME \ ,B>B>IE 7,S\,B7 9 ,FRANCE1 NO?+ HAS BE5 PUBLI%$ AB\T !IR ,AU/RALIAN C\NT]P>T1 ! ,BRISBANE ,S,M,G1 EV5 ?\< ! ,S,M,G HAD A COMP>ABLE OR PROBABLY L>G] MEMB]%IP ?AN BO?4.<#i#f#g.> 

,9T]NATIONAL CONTEXT & DEF9ITIONS 

,:ILE 5DEAVOR+ TO DEVELOP !IR [N PRAXIS1 ,AU/RALASIAN AN>*I/S & C\NCILI/S (T5 TOOK !IR MA9 9SPIRATION FROM MOVEM5TS 9 O!R 'ADVANC$' CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES1 ESPECIALLY FROM ! ,U,K1 ,FRANCE1 ! ,U,S,A & ! ,NE!RL&S4 ,GIV5 ?IS LEVEL ( 9FLU5CE1 :AT OCCURR$ 9 ,AU/RALASIA CANNOT BE DISMISS$ AS PECULI>LY ,ANTIPODEAN4 ,TO SOME EXT5T ?IS RESE>* (F]S A PICTURE 9 MICROCOSM ( DEVELOPM5TS ELSE:]E4 ,IT IS !RE=E IMPORTANT TO \TL9E ! 9T]NATIONAL CONTEXT 9 :I* !SE CURR5TS >OSE4 ,?IS %ALL BE DONE BRIEFLY :ILE DEF9+ C\NCILISM1 CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*ISM & C>NIVAL AN>*ISM4 

,! COALESC5CE BETWE5 C\NCILISM & AN>*ISM WAS %AP$ BY TWO MAJOR DEVELOPM5TS 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,FIR/1 WORK]S' C\NCILS APPE>$ DUR+ ! ,HUNG>IAN REVOLUTION ( #a#i#e#f1 :I* CREAT$ A SURGE ( 9T]E/ 9 C\NCIL COMMUNISM & AN>*ISM AMONG ,NEW ,LEFTI/S SE>*+ = AN ANTI-BUREAUCRATIC ALT]NATIVE TO ,/AL9ISM & SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 

,SECOND1 ! EXPLOSIVE GLOBAL EV5TS ( #a#i#f#h1 & P>TICUL>LY ! MASSIVE REVOLT 9 ,FRANCE1 SP>K$ AN A/ONI%+LY BROAD UPTURN 9 CLASS /RUGGLE UNTIL AB\T ! MID-#a#i#gS4 ,BROADLY SPEAK+1 WORK]S TOOK DIRECT ACTION1 SOMETIMES \TSIDE (FICIAL ORGANIZATIONAL =MS 7UNION OR P>TY71 TO PRESS !IR DEM&S4 ,?IS REVOLT WAS MUTUALLY 9T]L9K$ ) A WID] COMMUNITY-BAS$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ O!R =MS ( SOCIAL CONTROL 9 SOCIETY -- SU* AS PATRI>*Y1 RACISM & SEX ROLES1 = 9/ANCE -- & 9 P>TICUL>1 MASS OPPOSITION TO ! ,VIETNAM ,W>4 ,AS DIRECT ACTION 9 ! COMMUNITY & WORKPLACE BECAME COMMONPLACE1 MANY NON-,L59I/ REVOLUTION>Y GR\P+S EM]G$ :I* W]E 9FLU5C$ LOOSELY BY A MELANGE ( LEFT COMMUNISM1 SITUATIONISM1 C\NCIL COMMUNISM & AN>*ISM4.<#i#f#h.> 

,DEF9+ C\NCILISM REQUIRES AN \TL9E ( ITS ,M>XI/ ANTEC$5T1 C\NCIL COMMUNISM4 ,M>CEL VAN D] ,L9D5 DEF9ES C\NCIL COMMUNISM1 :I* >OSE DUR+ ! ,G]MAN REVOLUTION FOLL[+ ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 AS AIM+ = ! ABOLITION ( CAPITALISM ?R\< WORK]S E/ABLI%+ 'A DEMOCRACY ( WORK]S' C\NCILS4' ,TO CREATE !SE C\NCILS1 ! CAPITALI/ CLASS WAS NOT ! ONLY GR\P ?AT HAD TO BE 'CONSI/5TLY RESI/$4' ,P>LIAM5T>Y 'DEMOCRACY1' UNIONS1 SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TIES & ,BOL%EVIK P>TIES NE$$ TO BE TREAT$ SIMIL>LY1 AS !Y W]E VIEW$ AS ORGANS ?AT MANIPULAT$ ! WORK+ CLASS & PROMOT$ CAPITALISM4.<#i#f#i.> ,PHILIPPE ,B\RR9ET ADDS ?AT C\NCIL COMMUNI/S OPPOS$ NATIONALISM & CROSS-CLASS POPUL> FRONTS1 & REJECT$ 'SUB/ITUTIONISM1 :I* SEES ! COMMUNI/ P>TY AS ! G5]AL /AFF & ! PROLET>IAT AS A PASSIVE MASS BL9DLY SUBMITT+ TO ! ORD]S ( ?IS G5]AL /AFF4'.<#i#g.> 

,9 ! #a#i#dS & #a#i#eS1 SEV]AL ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN GR\PS EM]G$ :I* DREW UPON ! LEGACY ( C\NCIL COMMUNISM4 ,?OSE ) MO/ 9FLU5CE 9 ,AU/RALASIA W]E ,SOLID>ITY1 ,S\,B & ! ,S,I4 ,B\RR9ET MA9TA9S ?AT ,SOLID>ITY1 ,S\,B & O!R SIMIL> GR\PS REPRES5T$ A NEW 'C\NCILI/' T5D5CY ?AT WAS L>GELY DI/9CT FROM ! HI/ORIC C\NCIL COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T4.<#i#g#a.> 

,C\NCILI/S DIV]G$ FROM C\NCIL COMMUNISM PR$OM9ANTLY DUE TO !IR 9NOVATIVE ATTEMPT TO TRANSC5D ,M>XISM = ! *ANG$ MAT]IAL CONDITIONS ( ! PO/W> ]A4 ,AS EXPLOR$ BEL[1 !Y BELIEV$ ?AT CLASS /RUGGLE HAD TAK5 A NEW =M3 ! /RUGGLE ( 'ORD]-TAK]S' AGA9/ BUREAUCRATIC 'ORD]-GIV]S4' ,9 ?IS VE91 ! T]M 'C\NCILISM' IS US$ 9 ?IS *APT] TO DI/+UI% IT FROM C\NCIL COMMUNISM4 ,B\RR9ET ALSO BELIEVES1 :5 COMP>$ ) C\NCIL COMMUNISM1 ! BROAD] C\NCILI/ MILIEU ( ! PO/-#a#i#f#h ]A LACK$ COH]5T !ORETICAL POSITIONS1 WAS ORGANIZATIONALLY LOOSE & EPHEM]AL1 & WAS !ORETICALLY ECLECTIC1 AS !Y (T5 BORR[$ FROM AN>*ISM4.<#i#g#b.> ,YET UNLIKE ,B\RR9ET1 ! T]M C\NCILISM IS NOT EMPLOY$ TO IMPLY AN AN>*I/ DEG5]ATION ( C\NCIL COMMUNISM1 NOR !ORETICAL OR ORGANIZATIONAL LOOS5ESS4 ,NOR IS IT MEANT TO SUGGE/ C\NCILI/S DEVIAT$ FROM C\NCIL COMMUNISM COMPLETELY4 ,9DE$1 !Y ACCEPT$ MO/ ( ITS CORE ASSUMPTIONS NOT$ ABOVE4.<#i#g#c.> 

,! ,S,I CAN P]HAPS BE CONSID]$ P>T ( ?IS BROAD C\NCILI/ CURR5T4 ,:ILE ! ,S,I BEGAN AS AN >TI/IC MOVEM5T1 BY ! E>LY #a#i#fS IT HAD ADOPT$ ! FUNDAM5TALS ( C\NCILI/ PRAXIS4.<#i#g#d.> ,= 9/ANCE1 AS ,*ALL& %[S 9 ?IS VOLUME1 ! ,S,I R$EF9$ ! PROLET>IAT AS ?OSE :O HAD NO P[] OV] !IR LIVES1 & UND]/OOD REVOLUTION AS A PROCESS ?R\< :I* IT REGA9$ ?IS CONTROL4 ,H[EV]1 ! ,S,I WAS 9FLU5C$ BY AN ECLECTIC MIXTURE ( TRADITIONS1 SU* AS ,WE/]N ,M>XISM & RADICAL >TI/IC CURR5TS4 ,) ITS ANALYSIS ( COMMODITY FETI%ISM1 IT WAS MORE ,M>XI/ ?AN ,S\,B & ,SOLID>ITY4 

,:5 AN>*ISM REVIV$ 9 ! #a#i#fS & #a#i#gS1 IT TOOK MANY DIFF]5T =MS4 ,?IS *APT] FOCUSES UPON ! TWO MA9 TYPES ?AT DREW UPON C\NCILISM4 ,! FIR/ WAS 'CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*ISM1' A T]M ?AT WAS BEG9N+ TO BE US$ 9 ! #a#i#gS TO D5OTE AN>*I/S :O REJECT$ LIB]AL & 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*ISM4 ,! T]M 5COMPASSES =MS ( AN>*ISM -- ESPECIALLY AN>*I/ COMMUNISM & AN>*O-SYNDICALISM -- ?AT PLACE EMPHASIS ON ! C5TRALITY ( CLASS /RUGGLE = ! REVOLUTION>Y OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM1 HI]>*Y & ! /ATE4.<#i#g#e.> ,?IS R5EWAL ( CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*ISM HAS BE5 MO/LY OV]LOOK$1 YET AS ,NICOLAS ,WALT] HAS NOT$ 'MO/ ( ! NEW AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS =M$ DUR+ & AFT] ! REVIVAL ( ! #a#i#fS HAVE BE5 ( A TRADITIONAL K9D4'.<#i#g#f.> ,BY TRADITIONAL1 HE MEANT AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ OR AN>*O-SYNDICALI/4 

,NONE!LESS1 ?IS REVIVAL WAS F> FROM TRADITIONAL4 ,MANY ( ! NEW CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*I/S DREW ECLECTICALLY FROM ,M>XISM & ESPECIALLY FROM C\NCILISM TO ! DISMAY ( TRADITIONAL AN>*I/S1 MANY ( :OM SIMPLI/ICALLY EQUAT$ ALL =MS ( ,M>XISM ) ,/AL9ISM4 ,9 ,FRANCE1 C\NCILISM WAS HI<LY 9FLU5TIAL4 ,DANIEL ,COHN-,B5DIT1 = 9/ANCE1 DECL>$ ?AT HE WAS AN 'AN>*I/ 444 ALONG ! L9ES ( 0C\NCIL SOCIALISM40'.<#i#g#g.> ,NOIR ET ,R\GE1 :I* 9CLUD$ ,COHN-,B5DIT1 /AT$ 9 #aifh ?AT3 

,! REAL CLEAVAGE IS NOT BETWE5 ',M>XISM' OR :AT IS DESCRIB$ AS SU*1 & AN>*ISM1 BUT RA!R BETWE5 ! LIB]T>IAN SPIRIT & IDEA1 & ! ,L59I/1 ,BOL%EVIK1 BUREAUCRATIC CONCEPTION ( ORGANIZATION 444 ,WE FEEL CLOS] TO ',M>XI/S' 9 ! ,C\NCIL ,COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T ( ! PA/ 444 ?AN WE DO TO (FICIAL 'AN>*I/S' :O HAVE A SEMI-,L59I/ CONCEPTION ( P>TY ORGANIZATION4.<#i#g#h.> 

,! O!R TYPE ( AN>*ISM ?AT DREW UPON C\NCILISM WAS C>NIVAL AN>*ISM4 ,DUR+ ! #a#i#fS1 ! ,DUT* GR\PS ! ,PROVOS & ,KAB\T]S HELP$ TO POPUL>IZE C>NIVAL AN>*ISM GLOBALLY4.<#i#g#i.> ,C>NIVAL AN>*ISM WAS BO? A DI/9CTIVE /YLE & TYPE ( AN>*ISM4 ,IT AIM$ TO COMB9E ! CULTURAL REVOLUTION ) A SOCIO-ECONOMIC ONE1 & SYN!SIZE P]SONAL TRANS=MATION ) COLLECTIVE TRANS=MATION4 ,!ORETICALLY & ORGANIZATIONALLY1 IT VALU$ ECLECTICISM1 CREATIVITY1 9=MALITY & SPONTANEITY4 ,C>NIVALI/S W]E PROVOCATIVE TACTICALLY1 MIX+ ABSURDI/ HUMOR ) DIRECT ACTION4 ,9 BRIEF1 !Y WANT$ REVOLUTION & FUN TOO4 ,! T]M 'C>NIVAL AN>*I/' WAS FIR/ US$ 9 ,AU/RALIA4 ,!RE 'S]I\S AN>*I/S' EMPLOY$ IT L>GELY AS A D]OGATORY T]M DUR+ ! #a#i#gS1 BUT 9 ?IS *APT] IT IS NOT US$ TO SUGGE/ ?AT C>NIVALI/S W]E FRIVOL\S1 DISRUPTIVE '*AOTICI/S4'.<#i#h.> ,TODAY1 ! CURR5T IS REPRES5T$ -- ALBEIT 9 A MODIFI$ =M -- BY GR\PS SU* AS ! ,FR5* 9SURRECTIONI/S ,TIQQUN & ! ,9VISIBLE ,COMMITTEE1 & ,CRIME?,9C 9 ! ,U,S,A4.<#i#h#a.> 

,! ,AU/RALASIAN CONTEXT 

,9 ! #a#i#eS & #a#i#fS1 MO/ WORK+-CLASS ,AU/RALIANS & ,NEW ,ZEAL&]S EXP]I5C$ RIS+ LIV+ /&>DS1 FULL EMPLOYM5T & WIDESPREAD 'AFFLU5CE' 7AL?\< MO/ 9DIG5\S PEOPLE W]E /ILL TRAPP$ 9 DEPRIVATION74 ,9 BO? C\NTRIES1 FROM AB\T #a#i#f#h1 ?IS ,KEYNESIAN CLASS COMPROMISE BEGAN TO BREAK D[N L>GELY DUE TO AN UPSURGE 9 PROLET>IAN DISS5T4 ,! P]C5TAGE ( ! WORK=CE P>TICIPAT+ 9 /RIKE ACTIVITY ROSE DRAMATICALLY 9 ! LATE #a#i#fS1 PEAK+ 9 AB\T ! MID-#a#i#gS 9 ,AU/RALIA & DUR+ ! LATE #a#i#gS 9 ,NEW ,ZEAL&4.<#i#h#b.> 

,H[EV]1 ?IS MILITANCY WAS CONF9$ TO A M9ORITY4 ,DUR+ ! #a#i#gS1 AN AV]AGE ( #a#f4#e P] C5T ( ! ,NEW ,ZEAL& WORK=CE W5T ON /RIKE4.<#i#h#c.> ,! ,AU/RALIAN WORK+-CLASS WAS MU* MORE COMBATIVE ?AN ITS ,NEW ,ZEAL& C\NT]P>T4.<#i#h#d.> ,YET 9 NEI!R C\NTRY DID ?IS UPSURGE REA* ! RADICAL PROPORTIONS ( ,FRANCE #a#i#f#h1 ,ITALY #a#i#f#i1 NOR ,BRITA9 #aigd :5 M9]S HELP$ TO BR+ D[N A GOV]NM5T4 

,?IS WORKPLACE REBELLION WAS 9T]L9K$ ) ! 'PROTE/ MOVEM5T1' :I* PEAK$ 9 ! LATE #a#i#fS & E>LY #a#i#gS4 ,! ,VIETNAM ,W> WAS A SIGNIFICANT ISSUE 9 ,AU/RALASIA1 AS BO? ,NEW ,ZEAL& & ,AU/RALIAN TROOPS F\<T 9 ,VIETNAM1 & CONSCRIPTION WAS 9TRODUC$ 9 ,AU/RALIA4 ,! UNWAG$1 SU* AS /UD5TS1 PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT P>T 9 ! PROTE/ MOVEM5T4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ?AT MOVEM5T CONTRIBUT$ TO ! EM]G5CE ( A BROAD] Y\? REBELLION1 :I* CONCURR5TLY HELP$ TO CREATE ! C\NT]CULTURE4 ,PROTE/ BEGAN TO DISSIPATE BECAUSE ( ! ELECTION ( MILDLY RE=M+ SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5TS DUR+ ! E>LY #a#i#gS 9 BO? C\NTRIES4 

,!SE WORKPLACE & COMMUNITY REVOLTS SEEM+LY *ALL5G$ ALMO/ EV]Y =M ( AU?ORITY 9 SOCIETY4 ,?IS UPHEAVAL ALSO HAD AN ANTI-BUREAUCRATIC ASPECT3 MANY PEOPLE PU%$ = GREAT] CONTROL OV] !IR WORKPLACES1 $UCATIONAL 9/ITUTIONS & COMMUNITIES1 ?US *ALL5G+ ! UNPREC$5T$ GR[? ( CORPORATE & /ATE -- & SOMETIMES UNION -- BUREAUCRACIES ?AT HAD OCCURR$ UND] ! PO/W> ,KEYNESIAN CLASS COMPROMISE4 

,FROM ! E>LY TO MID-#a#i#gS1 ECONOMIC DECL9E SET 94 ,LIV+ /&>DS FELL1 MASS UNEMPLOYM5T >RIV$1 & :ILE WORKPLACE REBELLION CONT9U$1 IT BECAME MORE DEF5SIVE 9 NATURE4.<#i#h#e.> ,YET WOM5'S LIB]ATION1 ANTI-AP>!ID1 ANTI-RACI/1 9DIG5\S & ECOLOGY MOVEM5TS BLOSSOM$ 9 BO? C\NTRIES4 ,DUR+ ! LATE #a#i#gS 9 ,AOTE>OA_/,NEW ,ZEAL&1 MANY ,MAORI OCCUPI$ L& TO PROTE/ AGA9/ ! ONGO+ ALI5ATION FROM ! LITTLE ( IT ?AT REMA9$ 9 !IR POSSESSION4 

,BELLIG]5T GOV]NM5TS ATTEMPT$ TO C\NT]ACT ?IS G5]ALIZ$ REVOLT1 SU* AS ,JOH ,BJELKE-,PET]S5'S /ATE GOV]NM5T 9 ,QUE5SL&1 ,AU/RALIA1 & ,ROB]T ,MULDOON'S GOV]NM5T 9 ,NEW ,ZEAL&4 ,BO? GOV]NM5TS CURTAIL$ MANY CIVIL LIB]TIES1 W]E CONFRONTATIONAL T[>DS DISS5T]S & 9CREAS$ POLICE P[]4 ,BJELKE-,PET]S5 EV5 BANN$ /REET M>*ES 9 #a#i#g#g4 

,! ,AU/RALASIAN LEFT ?R\<\T ?IS TIME WAS DOM9AT$ BY MASS SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TIES & UNIONS4 ,:ILE MILITANT WORK]S1 ! ,NEW ,LEFT & V>I\S SOCIAL MOVEM5TS *ALL5G$ ?IS OR?ODOXY1 !IR CONTE/ATION WAS GRADUALLY RECUP]AT$4 ,9 BO? C\NTRIES1 REVOLUTION>IES W]E FEW IF NOT M9USCULE 9 NUMB] RELATIVE TO OV]SEAS4 ,( !SE1 ,L59I/ P>TIES W]E DOM9ANT4 ,AN>*I/S & C\NCILI/S HAD LESS IMPACT1 AP>T FROM 9 A FEW CITIES :]E ,L59I/S HAD NOT GA9$ ASC5DANCY1 SU* AS ,BRISBANE4 ,!Y W]E (T5 />T+ FROM SCRAT*1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,NEW ,ZEAL&1 :I* LACK$ BO? A CONT9U\S & NOTABLE AN>*I/ TRADITION1 & A C\NCIL COMMUNI/ CURR5T :ATSOEV]4 ,! MU* SMALL] ,NEW ,ZEAL& AN>*I/ & C\NCILI/ MILIEU DEVELOP$ CLOSE L9KS ) ITS ,AU/RALIAN C\NT]P>T1 H5CE DEVELOPM5TS 9 ,NEW ,ZEAL& (T5 CLOSELY MIRROR$ ?OSE 9 ,AU/RALIA4 

,CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*I/ & C\NCILI/ GR\PS 

,?IS SECTION EXAM9ES ! RELEVANT VIEWS ( ?REE ,AU/RALASIAN GR\PS -- ! ,*RI/*UR* ,AN>*Y ,GR\P 7,C,A,G71 ! ,BRISBANE ,SELF-,MANAGEM5T ,GR\P 7,S,M,G7 & ! ,AUCKL&-BAS$ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE -- TO ILLU/RATE ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*I/S & C\NCILI/S1 & TO APPRAISE !SE ORGANIZATIONS' RELATION%IP )1 & P]SPECTIVES ON1 CLASS4 

,SOLID>ITY -- & ?US ,S\,B1 FROM :OM ,SOLID>ITY TOOK MU* ( ITS 9SPIRATION -- EX]T$ A SIGNIFICANT 9FLU5CE UPON ! #a#i#gS ,NEW ,ZEAL& AN>*I/ MILIEU4 ,:ILE NO SPECIFICALLY AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ OR AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ GR\PS W]E E/ABLI%$1 NUM]\S AN>*I/ GR\P+S DREW HEAVILY FROM ,SOLID>ITY4 ,!SE 9CLUD$ ,C,A,G1 ! ,PEOPLE'S ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MOVEM5T 7,WELL+TON71 ,SOLID>ITY 7,AUCKL&71 ! AN>*I/ W+ ( ! AN>*O-SITUATIONI/ MAGAZ9E ,K,A,T 7,WELL+TON7 & ,AN>*Y MAGAZ9E 7,*RI/*UR*74 ,ALL ( !SE GR\PS W]E T9Y 9 SIZE1 ) MO/ NUMB]+ HALF A DOZ5 MEMB]S4 

,9 ,AU/RALIA1 AN AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ CURR5T WAS E/ABLI%$ ?AT CONC5TRAT$ ON RE/>T+ ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD FROM #a#i#g#e1 AS WELL AS BUILD+ SMALL AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ PROPAG&A GR\PS4 ,EV5 !N1 MANY AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS W]E ALSO 9FLU5C$ BY ,SOLID>ITY1 AS CAN CLE>LY BE SE5 9 ! ,MELB\RNE PUBLICATION ,SOLID>ITY4 

,C,A,G'S RELATION%IP ) C\NCILISM DEMON/RATES WELL ! CROSSOV] BETWE5 AN>*ISM & C\NCILISM ?AT TRANSPIR$ 9 ! #a#i#gS4 ,C,A,G1 :I* EXI/$ FROM #aige TO C4#a#i#g#h1 ID5TIFI$ ) ,SOLID>ITY TO SU* AN EXT5T ?AT !Y BELIEV$ ,SOLID>ITY WAS1 = ALL 9T5TS & PURPOSES1 AN>*I/4 ,C,A,G DEF9$ AN>*ISM AS C5TRALLY 9VOLV+ WORK]S' C\NCILS3 

,AN>*I/S PROPOSE A SOCIETY BAS$ UPON LOCAL & 9DU/RIAL PEOPLES ASSEMBLIES1 F$]AT+ ) ELECT$ & REVOCABLE DELEGATES 9 WORK]S C\NCILS4 ,HI/ORY %[S ?AT SU* WORK]S C\NCILS >E DEVELOP$ BY EV]YDAY PEOPLE :5EV] !Y SEEK TO TAKE CONTROL ( !IR LIFE 9 REVOLUTION 444 ,IT IS BECAUSE \R DAILY LIVES >E 9CREAS+LY UNLIVABLE ?AT WE MU/ COLLECTIVELY TAKE CONTROL ( !M4.<#i#h#f.> 

,AN>*ISM MEANT A DUAL '/RUGGLE AGA9/ ! /ATE & = SELF-MANAGEM5T4'.<#i#h#g.> ,!Y CLAIM$ ?AT ,SOLID>ITY REF]R$ TO !MSELVES AS 'LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S' RA!R ?AN 'AN>*I/S' ONLY BECAUSE3 

,!Y DO NOT WI% TO BECOME ID5TIFI$ ) ! MORE '9DIVIDUALI/IC' FACTION ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,SOLID>ITY DO WORK CLOSELY ) AN>*I/ GR\PS 9 ,BRITA9 ) :OM !Y %>E A COMMON !ORY & BASIS = ACTION4 ,SOLID>ITY HAVE HAD A CONSID]ABLE 9FLU5CE ON ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,BRITA94.<#i#h#h.> 

,?IS OV]LOOK$ ,SOLID>ITY'S CRITICAL ATTITUDE T[>DS AN>*ISM1 9CLUD+ CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*I/S SU* AS ,KROPOTK9 & ,BAKUN94.<#i#h#i.> ,AS ) MANY AN>*I/S1 ,C,A,G ASSUM$ C\NCILISM WAS AN>*I/ RA!R ?AN 5GAG+ CRITICALLY ) IT4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,RI*>D ,BOL/AD ( ,C,A,G1 9 A PAMPHLET :I* SUMM>IZ$ ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADIS' ,WORK]S' ,C\NCILS & ! ,ECONOMICS ( A ,SELF-,MANAG$ ,SOCIETY1 PRESUM$ ?AT ,CA/ORIADIS' 'C5TRAL ASSEMBLY ( DELEGATES' :I* W\LD RUN A FUTURE SOCIALI/ SOCIETY WAS AN>*I/ 9 NATURE4 ,HE DID NOT QUE/ION :E!R SU* A PROPOSAL C5TRALIZ$ TOO MU* P[] 9 A RELATIVELY SMALL BODY4.<#i#i.> 

,SOLID>ITY MADE SU* AN IMPRESSION ON ,C,A,G = NUM]\S REASONS4 ,SOLID>ITY PUBLICATIONS1 LIKE ?OSE ( ! ,S,I1 SEEM$ FRE% & 9NOVATIVE4 ,SOLID>ITY PUBLI%$ AN IMPRESSIVE S]IES ( UP-TO-DATE & EASY-TO-READ PAMPHLETS1 9CLUD+ HI/ORIES :I* UNCOV]$ LITTLE-KN[N EPISODES ( WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,!IR FOCUS UPON WORK]S' SELF-ORGANIZATION1 RA!R ?AN ! ACTIVITIES ( P>TY OR UNION BUREAUCRATS1 SEEM$ VALIDAT$ BY ! UPRIS+S ( ! TIME1 SU* AS ,HUNG>Y 7#a#i#e#f71 ,FRANCE 7#a#i#f#h71 ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA 7#a#i#f#h7 & ,PORTUGAL 7#a#i#g#d-#a#i#g#e74 ,9 CONTRA/1 CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*ISM SEEM$ /UCK 9 ! PA/1 CON/ANTLY RELIV+ ! DEFEAT ( ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION ( #a#i#c#f-#a#i#c#g4 ,CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE AT ! TIME CONSI/$ PR$OM9ANTLY ( EI!R TIR$ REPR9TS ( CLASSICS1 OR RE/ATEM5TS ( BASIC PR9CIPLES4 

,SOLID>ITY & ,S\,B'S ANTI-BUREAUCRATIC ANALYSIS ( PO/W> 'ADVANC$' CAPITALI/ SOCIETY APPEAL$ TO ,C,A,G BECAUSE ( ITS AN>*I/IC NATURE4 ,CA/ORIADIS1 P]HAPS ! MA9 !ORETICIAN ( ,S\,B1 CONT5D$ ?AT SOCIETY HAD BECOME DOM9AT$ BY A COMPLEX PYRAMID-LIKE HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURE1 ONE ?AT AFFECT$ ALL ASPECTS ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,PEOPLE HAD BECOME MANIPULAT$ BY BUREAUCRATS AT WORK1 9 CONSUMPTION & 9 EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,! WORK+ CLASS HAD BECOME ?OR\<LY ALI5AT$ FROM ANY CONTROL OV] !IR LIVES4 ,YET !Y DID NOT PASSIVELY ACCEPT ?IS4 ,CLASS /RUGGLE HAD TAK5 A NEW T5D5CY3 PROLET>IANS W]E ATTEMPT+ TO ASS]T SOME =M ( CONTROL OV] !IR DAILY LIVES1 9SIDE & \TSIDE ! WORKPLACE4.<#i#i#a.> ,H5CE1 TO ,S\,B & ,SOLID>ITY1 SOCIALISM MEANT ! FULL REALIZATION ( AUTOGE/ION ?R\<\T SOCIETY VIA WORK]S' C\NCILS4 ,BO? GR\PS >GU$ ?AT WORK+-CLASS SELF-ORGANIZATION CON/ANTLY TRANS=M$ CAPITAL1 & ?AT ?IS AUTONOMY WAS ! BASIS = SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,BOL/AD WAS ALSO DRAWN TO ,SOLID>ITY BECAUSE ( ITS WELL-?\<T-\T PROPOSALS = A FUTURE SOCIETY BAS$ ON A NETWORK ( WORK]S' C\NCILS4 ,HE COMP>$ HIS 9VOLVEM5T 9 ! C>NIVALESQUE ,NEW ,LEFT GR\P ! ,*RI/*UR* ,PROGRESSIVE ,Y\? ,MOVEM5T 7,P,Y,M7 DUR+ ! E>LY #a#i#gS ) HIS LAT] 9VOLVEM5T 9 ,C,A,G4 ,9 ! ,P,Y,M1 IT FELT LIKE 'REVOLUTION IS >\ND ! CORN]1' :ILE ,C,A,G WAS 'MORE ?\<T-\T1 MORE PLANN$ & FOCUS$ UPON H[ TO BUILD UP SUPPORT & L9KS' BAS$ ON :AT HE P]CEIV$ TO BE ,SOLID>ITY'S MODEL ( A REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION ?AT %>$ PEOPLE'S EXP]I5CES & E/ABLI%$ MUTUAL TRU/4.<#i#i#b.> 

,ANO!R REASON :Y ,C,A,G WAS ATTRACT$ TO ,SOLID>ITY WAS BECAUSE ( ,SOLID>ITY'S TR5*ANT CRITIQUE ( ! TRADITIONAL LEFT1 ESPECIALLY ,L59ISM4 ,SOLID>ITY LAMBA/$ ,L59I/ P>TIES = BE+ RIGIDLY HI]>*ICAL & BUREAUCRATIC1 & ACT+ ON BEHALF ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 9/EAD ( 5C\RAG+ WORK+-CLASS SELF-EMANCIPATION4.<#i#i#c.> ,?IS CRITIQUE RESONAT$ ) ,C,A,G BECAUSE MU* ( ! ,*RI/*UR* ,P,Y,M %IFT$ FROM AN>*ISM TO NONP>TY ,MAOISM 9 ! E>LY #a#i#gS4.<#i#i#d.> ,?OSE ,P,Y,M]S W]E ATTRACT$ TO 'DIRECT ACTION ,MAOISM' BECAUSE !Y BELIEV$ ?AT ,*9A WAS A NE> P>ADISE :]E NO CLASS DIVISIONS OR /ATE BUREAUCRACY EXI/$4 ,C,A,G EXP5D$ MU* 5]GY CRITICIZ+ ?IS VIEWPO9T1 CRITICISM :I* DREW FROM A ,SOLID>ITY PAMPHLET BY ,C\NCIL ,COMMUNI/ ,CAJO ,BR5DEL4.<#i#i#e.> 

,9 ! E>LY #a#i#gS1 TWO C\NCILI/ GR\PS /RONGLY 9FLU5C$ BY ,SOLID>ITY & ,S\,B EM]G$ 9 ,AU/RALASIA4 ,ONE WAS ! ,BRISBANE ,SELF-,MANAGEM5T ,GR\P 7#a#i#g#a-#a#i#g#g74 ,! O!R WAS ! AWKW>DLY NAM$ ',REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,P,N,Z 7,EXPELL$7' 7#a#i#f#h-C4#a#i#g#d71 :I* WAS BAS$ 9 ,AUCKL&4 ,EXAM9+ ! TWO GR\PS1 :O W]E 9 CORRESPOND5CE ) EA* O!R1 MAKES = AN 9T]E/+ CONTRA/4 

,BO? ORGANIZATIONS EM]G$ FROM CONFLICT ) ,L59I/S1 & H5CE PLAC$ P>AM\NT IMPORTANCE ON REJECT+ VANGU>DISM4 ,9DE$1 ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE WAS =M$ AFT] IT WAS EXPELL$ FROM ! ,MAOI/ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,NEW ,ZEAL& 7,C,P,N,Z71 = OPPOS+ ! ,C,P,N,Z'S LACK ( 9T]NAL FRE$OM & ITS P>TICIPATION 9 ELECTIONS4.<#i#i#f.> ,! ,S,M,G ORIG9AT$ FROM ! CAMPUS-BAS$ ,BRISBANE ,NEW ,LEFT4 ,SPECIFICALLY1 IT EMANAT$ FROM ! %ORT-LIV$ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 7,R,S,P71 A P>TY :I* ALSO CONTA9$ A ,TROTSKYI/ T5D5CY4 ,AFT] ! ,TROTSKYI/S DEP>T$ FROM ! ,R,S,P1 IT WAS R5AM$ ! ,S,M,G4.<#i#i#g.> 

,! ,S,M,G1 :I* CALL$ ITSELF 'LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/' & SOMETIMES 'LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/' 9 ORI5TATION1.<#i#i#h.> WAS ! L>GE/ & MO/ 9FLU5TIAL C\NCILI/ OR AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION 9 ,AU/RALASIA DUR+ ! #a#i#gS4 ,IT GREW DUR+ A P]IOD ( %>P DECL9E 9 ,BRISBANE /REET PROTE/4 ,E/IMATES ( ITS SIZE V>Y FROM LESS ?AN #a TO #c PEOPLE 9VOLV$ 9 ITS CELLS1 ) A SMALL] CORE MEMB]%IP ?AT ATT5D$ G5]AL ASSEMBLIES ( SOME:]E BETWE5 #c & #g4.<#i#i#i.> ,IT HAD A MIX$ BASE ( WORK]S & /UD5TS4 ,IT =M$ /RUGGLE-BAS$ CELLS :]E MEMB]S LIV$1 WORK$ OR /UDI$1 SU* AS 9 HI< S*OOLS1 UNIV]SITIES & WORKPLACES4 ,!SE CELLS W]E =MAL SUB-GR\PS :I* !N REPORT$ BACK TO ! ,S,M,G'S MON?LY G5]AL ASSEMBLY4 ,! ,S,M,G WAS ACTIVI/ 9 ORI5TATION3 IT HAS BE5 CLAIM$ ?AT ! ,S,M,G 'L$ ,BRISBANE'S M>*ES' AGA9/ ! ,VIETNAM ,W>1 AP>!ID & ! REPRESSIVE MEASURES IMPOS$ BY ! ,BJELKE-,PET]S5 GOV]NM5T4.<#a.> ,! ,S,M,G 9VOLV$ MANY PROM95T & CAPABLE ACTIVI/S1 SU* AS ,DREW ,HUTTON & ESPECIALLY ,BRIAN ,LAV]4 ,IT AGITAT$1 ) LIMIT$ SUCCESS1 = /RUGGLES TO BE CONTROLL$ BY OP5 ASSEMBLIES4 

,9 CONTRA/1 ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE WAS A T9Y NON-/UD5T-BAS$ DISCUSSION GR\P4 ,!Y CLAIM$ '\R EXPULSION FROM ! ,C4,P4,N4,Z4 & \R 0SPL5DID ISOLATION0 HAS ITS OBV]SE SIDE 9 ?AT WE HAVE HAD UNRE/RICT$ FRE$OM TO ?9K & DRAW CONCLUSIONS4'.<#a#a.> ,SUBSEQU5TLY1 !Y MO/LY FOCUS$ UPON DISCUSS+ !ORY & PRODUC+ !IR MAGAZ9E ,COMPASS4 

,H[EV]1 ! ,S,M,G WAS NOT ANTI-9TELLECTUAL1 & ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE W]E NOT >M*AIR REVOLUTION>IES4 ,! =M] PROLIFICALLY PRODUC$ MAT]IAL 7MA9LY LEAFLETS1 BUT ALSO A FEW PAMPHLETS7 & OP]AT$ !IR [N PR9T%OP & BOOK%OP 7! ,R$ & ,BLACK ,BOOK%OP72 & MEMB]S ( ! LATT] W5T ON A HUNG] /RIKE AGA9/ ! ,VIETNAM ,W> 9 A C5TRAL CITY P>K4 

,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE DI/ANC$ ITSELF FROM ! AN>*I/ MILIEU4 ,9DE$1 ,/EVE ,TAYLOR ( ! ,COMMITTEE WROTE ?AT HE HAD 'NO AFFILIATION EXPRESS OR IMPLICIT' ) AN>*ISM4.<#a#b.> ,9 CONTRA/1 AFT] 9ITIALLY BE+ HO/ILE TO AN>*ISM ON MU* ! SAME GR\NDS AS ,SOLID>ITY1 ! ,S,M,G DEVELOP$ CONTACTS ) LOCAL AN>*I/S1 & ATTEMPT$ TO CO-OP]ATE ) !M4 ,S,M,G DELEGATES ATT5D$ A FEW ,AU/RALIAN AN>*I/ CONF]5CES 9 AN EF=T TO SEEK REVOLUTION>Y ALLIES1 BUT SOON !Y /OPP$ P>TICIPAT+ 9 !SE GA!R+S AFT] !Y F\ND !M FRAU<T ) 9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS1 & AFT] !Y CLA%$ ) C>NIVAL AN>*I/S 7SEE BEL[74 ,GREG ,GEORGE ( ! ,S,M,G SAID ?AT !Y G5]ALLY F\ND AN>*ISM MORE ATTRACTIVE 9 !ORY ?AN 9 PRACTICE BECAUSE ! ,AU/RALIAN AN>*I/S SEEM$ DISORGANIZ$4.<#a#c.> 

,! ,S,M,G WAS DRAWN TO C]TA9 ASPECTS ( AN>*ISM BECAUSE !Y ?\<T !Y COMPLEM5T$ C\NCILISM4 ,9 A PAMPHLET1 ,GEORGE DISMISS$ OR?ODOX ,M>XI/ OBJECTIONS TO AN>*ISM4 ,9/EAD1 HE PRAIS$ AN>*ISM = BE+ PRACTICAL & RELEVANT TO SOCIETY3 

,IT (F]S COMPLEXITY & V>IETY RA!R ?AN BUREAUCRATIC N>R[NESS 444 IT (F]S SELF-ACTIVITY1 9ITIATIVE & AUTONOMY BALANC$ BY COOP]ATION & RESPONSIBILITY1 IT (F]S REAL DEMOCRACY & AN 5D TO ALI5ATION1 IT (F]S 444 EQUALITY BETWE5 SPECIALI/S & EXP]TS & O!RS1 & IT (F]S EQUAL %>+ ( \R RI*ES4.<#a#d.> 

,AS ! ,S,M,G LOOK$ T[>DS WORK+-CLASS REBELLIONS 9VOLV+ SELF-MANAGEM5T AS !IR HI/ORICAL LEGACY1 !Y W]E ESPECIALLY ATTRACT$ TO AN>*ISM BECAUSE !Y VIEW$ ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION & ! ,MAKHNOVI/ UPRIS+ AS SIGNIFICANT EXAMPLES ( SELF-MANAGEM5T 9 ACTION4.<#a#e.> 

,YET !Y W]E NOT UNCRITICAL ( AN>*ISM4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,GEORGE CRITICIZ$ 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*ISM BECAUSE HE >GU$ IT WAS T]RORI/ & ELITI/2 AN>*I/ COMMUNISM BECAUSE IT FETI%IZ$ ! SPONTANE\S1 9SURRECTION>Y CREATIVITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS2 & AN>*O-SYNDICALISM BECAUSE IT WAS BUREAUCRATIC1 VANGU>DI/ & OV]LOOK$ ! C\NCIL =M4 ,OV]ALL1 HE VIEW$ AN>*ISM AS 9ADEQUATE & 9 NE$ ( BE+ SUP]S$$ BY C\NCIL COMMUNISM4.<#a#f.> 

,AN>*I/ 9FLU5CE ON ! ,S,M,G BECAME MORE PRON\NC$ BY ! MID-#a#i#gS1 & SOME MEMB]S BEGAN TO ID5TIFY ) AN>*ISM4 ,?IS DEVELOPM5T CAN BE SE5 9 SEV]AL ( ITS (F%OOTS4 ,9 #a#i#g#g1 ! ,S,M,G SPLIT 9TO ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,SOCIALI/ ,ORGANIZATION 7,L,S,O71 ! ,SELF-,MANAGEM5T ,ORGANIZATION 7,S,M,O7 & ! ',M>XI/ T5D5CY' 7MANY ( :OM JO9$ ! ,TROTSKYI/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/S74 ,! FIR/ TWO GR\PS1 :I* W]E BY F> ! L>GE/1 VIEW$ AN>*ISM POSITIVELY4 ,! ,S,M,O WAS EXPLICITLY AN>*I/1 :ILE ! ,L,S,O WAS SYMPA!TIC TO AN>*ISM4 ,! LATT] PUBLI%$ ,Y\ ,CAN'T ,BL[ UP A ,SOCIAL ,RELATION%IP3 ,! ,AN>*I/ ,CASE ,AGA9/ ,T]RORISM ) SEV]AL O!R ,AU/RALIAN LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ OR AN>*I/ GR\PS4.<#a#g.> ,! PAMPHLET WAS A REVIS$ V]SION ( AN E>LI] >TICLE WRITT5 BY ,GEORGE = ! ,S,M,G'S PUBLICATION ,LIB]T>IAN4.<#a#h.> ,IT BECAME AN 9T]NATIONALLY RECOGNIZ$1 P]HAPS CLASSIC1 PUBLICATION AFT] IT WAS REPUBLI%$ BY MANY AN>*I/ GR\PS \TSIDE ,AU/RALIA4 ,:5 ,JOE ,TOSCANO ( ! ,S,M,G MOV$ TO ,MELB\RNE 9 AB\T #a#i#g#f1 HE HELP$ F\ND ! C\NCILI/ GR\P ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,WORK]S = A ,SELF-,MANAG$ ,SOCIETY4 ,YET BY #ai< ?AT GR\P HAD BECOME AN>*I/ 9 ORI5TATION UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( LOCAL AN>*I/S4 ,TOSCANO WAS DRAWN TO AN>*ISM BECAUSE HE CONSID]$ IT A MORE DIV]SE1 VIBRANT CURR5T ) A RI*] HI/ORY ?AN C\NCILISM1 :I* HE CONT5D$ HAD BE5 =M$ ONLY S9CE #a#i#f#h4.<#a#i.> 

,RELATION%IP ) & P]SPECTIVES ON CLASS 

,9 ! ,U,K1 ,SOLID>ITY =M$ A NETWORK ( MILITANT WORK]S1 DEVELOP$ MANY CONTACTS 9 ! %OP /EW>DS' MOVEM5T & HAD SOME 9FLU5CE 9 IMPORTANT DISPUTES4 ,9 CONTRA/1 ! ,NEW ,ZEAL& C\NCILI/-9FLU5C$ MILIEU DID NOT SEEM+LY P>TICIPATE 91 OR SUPPORT1 WORKPLACE /RUGGLES4 ,= 9/ANCE1 9/EAD ( BUILD+ A WORK]S' NETWORK1 ,C,A,G ATTEMPT$ TO BUILD A NATIONWIDE AN>*I/ NETWORK1 & AS SU* !IR NEWSLETT] DID NOT CONTA9 ANY ITEMS AB\T DOME/IC WORKPLACE DISPUTES4 ,9/EAD1 IT CONTA9$ MA9LY NEWS /ORIES AB\T AN>*I/ GR\PS ABROAD4 

,( ALL ! ,SOLID>ITY-9FLU5C$ GR\P+S 9 ,NEW ,ZEAL&1 ONLY ,SOLID>ITY 7,AUCKL&7 BECAME 9VOLV$ 9 WORKPLACE-BAS$ /RUGGLES1 & EV5 !N ITS 9VOLVEM5T WAS M9IMAL4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ITS CONTRIBUTION TO ! ,AUCKL& F]RY DISPUTE ( #a#i#g#d1 A SIGNIFICANT WORKPLACE CONFLICT :I* ?REAT5$ BRIEFLY TO MU%ROOM 9TO A NATIONWIDE WILDCAT G5]AL /RIKE1 WAS TO DI/RIBUTE A LEAFLET AT A UNION MEET+4 

,9 COMP>ISON1 ! ,S,M,G GA9$ CONSID]ABLE 9FLU5CE 9 SEV]AL WORKPLACES4 ,IT TAPP$ 9TO ! LOOSE RANK-&-FILE NETWORK ?AT ALREADY EXI/$ )9 MANY ,BRISBANE UNIONS1 & MANY MILITANTS JO9$ ! ,S,M,G4 ,P>T ( ! ,S,M,G'S APPEAL WAS !IR ROBU/ CRITICISM ( UNION BUREAUCRATS1 :I* !Y NICKNAM$ ',T,U,BS' 7,TRADE ,UNION ,BUREAUCRATS74 ,! ,S,M,G HAD MANY ACTIVE 9DU/RY-BAS$ CELLS1 SU* AS ITS HEAL?-C>E1 TEA*]S1 :ITE-COLL> & 9DU/RIAL CELLS4 ,! 9DU/RIAL CELL CONTA9$ WORK]S AT ,CAIRNCROSS ,DOCK & ! ,EVANS ,DEAK9 %IPY>DS1 AMONG O!R WORKSITES4 ,AT ! %IPY>DS1 ! ,S,M,G HAD A SUB/ANTIAL PRES5CE ?AT TOOK P>T 9 NUM]\S GO-SL[S & /RIKES4 ,! UNIV]SITY CELL P>TICIPAT$ HEAVILY 9 A L>GE-SCALE /RIKE AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,QUE5SL& 9 #a#i#g#a4 ,! HEAL?-C>E CELL CONTA9$ WORK]S AT SEV]AL WORKSITES 9 BO? ! PUBLIC & PRIVATE SECTORS4 ,IT DID NOT ACT )9 UNIONS OR PR(ESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS BECAUSE IT BELIEV$1 LIKE ! RE/ ( ! ,S,M,G1 ?AT !SE ORGANIZATIONS W]E UNDEMOCRATIC1 BUREAUCRATIC & CAPITALI/4.<#a#a.> 

,! ,S,M,G'S WORKPLACE /RATEGY HAD ITS LIMITATIONS1 H[EV]4 ,IT WAS (T5 BAS$ >\ND PROPAG&IZ+ ! AB/RACT IDEA ( WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T1 IDEALI/ICALLY PRES5T+ ?AT IDEA AS A PANACEA = ALL SITUATIONS4.<#a#a#a.> ,!Y SEEM+LY SP5T MORE 5]GY ON MASS LEAFLET+ ?IS IDEAL ?AN ATTEMPT+ TO BUILD SOLID>ITY & SELF-ORGANIZATION )9 & ACROSS WORKPLACES4 

,IMPORTANTLY1 ! ,S,M,G -- LIKE O!R C\NCILI/S -- DEVELOP$ A BROAD] VIEW ( CLASS ?AN OR?ODOX ,M>XI/S4 ,WORK]S )\T ANY REAL P[] 9 '9DU/RIAL1 AGRICULTURAL1 :ITE-COLL>1 S]VICE 79CLUD+ H\SEWIVES7 & 9TELLECTUAL LABOR' W]E CONSID]$ P>T ( ! PROLET>IAT4.<#a#a#b.> ,FUR!RMORE1 ,GEORGE >GU$ ?AT MO/ PEOPLE WORK$ 9 NON-9DU/RIAL WORKPLACES4.<#a#a#c.> ,AS SU*1 ! ,S,M,G PLAC$ EMPHASIS ON AGITAT+ )9 :ITE-COLL> WORKPLACES1 & DI/RIBUT$ WELL-RECEIV$ PROPAG&A CRITICIZ+ ! BOR$OM & ALI5ATION ( (FICE WORK4 ,!Y SAW LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM AS A MANY-SID$ /RUGGLE TO *ANGE NOT ONLY WORK1 BUT ALSO EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,! ,S,M,G ADOPT$ ,SOLID>ITY'S MANIFE/O ',AS ,WE ,SEE ,IT' :]E9 IT WAS /AT$ ?AT SOCIALISM MEANT 'A RADICAL TRANS=MATION 9 ALL HUMAN RELATIONS4'.<#a#a#d.> ,H5CE !Y PU%$ = 9CREAS+ ! 'QUALITY ( LIFE' BY OV]COM+ SEXISM & RACISM1 EXP]IM5T+ ) COMMUNAL LIV+1 CREAT+ A 'BROAD] CULTURAL LIFE1' ADVOCAT+ ! DEC5TRALIZATION ( CITIES1 PREV5T+ ECOLOGICAL DE/RUCTION & ESP\S+ EQUAL WAGES = ALL 79CLUD+ WAGES = ?OSE P]=M+ DOME/IC WORK1 & ! UNWAG$ 9 G5]AL74.<#a#a#e.> ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE LIKEWISE ADVOCAT$ WAGES = H\SEWORK4.<#a#a#f.> 

,H[EV]1 C\NCILI/S QUE/IONABLY ASS]T$ ?AT ! *IEF PROBLEM ) CAPITALISM WAS ! WAY IT WAS MANAG$4 ,CONTROV]SIALLY1 !Y BELIEV$ ?AT ! FUNDAM5TAL CONTRADICTION 9 SOCIETY WAS BETWE5 ORD]-GIV]S & ORD]-TAK]S4 ,SUBSEQU5TLY1 CLASS WAS AN>*I/ICALLY SE5 AS BE+ PRODUC$ BY SOCIAL RELATIONS ( AU?ORITY OR HI]>*Y1 RA!R ?AN ! MORE CLASSICAL SOCIALI/ VIEW ?AT CLASS D]IVES FROM SOCIAL RELATIONS ( EXPLOITATION4.<#a#a#g.> ,C\NCILI/S VIEW$ CAPITALI/S AS BOSSES :OSE MA9 TASK WAS TO ORD] WORK]S >\ND -- !Y MA9TA9$ ! *IEF PROBLEM ) CAPITALI/S WAS !IR CONTROL ( ! WORKPLACE4 ,?IS IS PROBLEMATIC BECAUSE IT OV]LOOKS H[ ! [N]%IP ( PROP]TY & RESULTANT EXTRACTION ( SURPLUS VALUE FROM LABOR CREATES EXPLOITATIVE SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,WORKPLACE AU?ORITY & MANAGEM5T >E NECESS>Y PRODUCTS ( CLASS EXPLOITATION 9 ORD] TO MONITOR1 SPE$-UP & CONTROL WORK]S1 RA!R ?AN BE+ ! CAUSE ( ?IS EXPLOITATION4 

,GILLES ,DAUVE & ,FRANCOIS ,M>T9 >GUE ?AT ',SOCIALISM IS NOT ! MANAGEM5T1 H[EV] 0DEMOCRATIC0 IT MAY BE1 ( CAPITAL1 BUT ITS COMPLETE DE/RUCTION4'.<#a#a#h.> ,WORK]S C\LD RUN !IR WORKPLACES !MSELVES1 & YET BE =C$ TO COMPETE ) O!R WORK]-[N$ 5T]PRISES VIA ! M>KET1 ?US =C+ !SE 5T]PRISES TO LESS5 CO/S 7SU* AS BY FIR+ WORK]S OR R$UC+ WAGES7 & TO MAKE WORK]S WORK H>D] 9 ORD] TO /AY COMPETITIVE1 EV5 IF ALL WORK]S W]E PAID ! SAME WAGE & HAD EQUAL DECISION-MAK+ P[]4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 FUNDAM5TALLY TRANS=M+ ! DECISION-MAK+ PROCESSES ( SOCIETY IS NOT 5\< 9 ITSELF2 PRIVATE PROP]TY1 ! M>KET & ! WAGE SY/EM ALSO NE$ TO BE ABOLI%$4 

,SEV]AL O!R DIFFICULTIES ) ! C\NCILI/S' CONCEPTION ( CLASS CAN BE NOT$4 ,AS WAS >GU$ 9 AN ,AU/RALIAN AN>*I/ MAGAZ9E1 !IR CLASS ANALYSIS WAS UNWIELDY S9CE MANY IF NOT MO/ WORK]S W]E ON SOME LEVEL BO? ORD]-TAK]S & ORD]-GIV]S4.<#a#a#i.> ,MOREOV]1 SELF-MANAGEM5T AS AN AIM T5DS TO APPEAL TO A M9ORITY ( WORK]S3 ?AT ( SKILL$ TE*NICAL WORK]S :O DESIRE CONTROL OV] ! PRODUCTION PROCESS1 AN AIM ?AT IS G5]ALLY NOT %>$ BY ,TAYLORIS$ ASSEMBLY-L9E WORK]S NOR CASUALIZ$ WORK]S4.<#a#b.> 

,! DANG] ( SELF-MANAG$ EXPLOITATION WAS NOT RECOGNIZ$ BY ,AU/RALASIAN C\NCILI/S OR AN>*I/S4.<#a#b#a.> ,NOR DID EV]YONE ACCEPT ?IS RE=MULATION ( CLASS4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ,/EVE ,TAYLOR ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE RETA9$ A ,M>XI/ DEF9ITION ( ! PROLET>IAT AS ?OSE 'DEP5D5T = ITS SUPPORT ON ! SALE ( ITS LABOR1' :ILE AT ! SAME TIME R$EF9+ IT AS 'RE/+ SQU>ELY' ON UNPAID DOME/IC LABOR P]=M$ MA9LY BY WOM54.<#a#b#b.> 

,BOHEMIAN C\NCILISM & C>NIVAL AN>*ISM 

,?IS SECTION PRES5TS A BRIEF OV]VIEW ( ! /ORMY RELATION%IP BETWE5 SITUATIONI/-9FLU5C$ 9DIVIDUALS & AN>*I/S1 ESPECIALLY ! C>NIVAL AN>*I/S4 ,IT !N EXAM9ES ! 'SITU' & C>NIVALI/ RELATION%IP ) 7OR LACK ( RELATION%IP )7 ! BROAD] CLASS /RUGGLE1 & !IR P]SPECTIVES ON CLASS4 

,AS ! WORKS ( ! ,S,I BECAME READILY AVAILABLE 9 ,5GLI% DUR+ ! E>LY-MID #a#i#gS1 MANY REVOLUTION>IES W]E ATTRACT$ TO !IR IDEAS4 ,A FEW =M$ 'SITU' GR\PS4 ,9 ,AU/RALIA1 ONE SU* SITUATIONI/ GR\P+ WAS F\ND$ 9 ,P]? & !N MIGRAT$ TO ,SYDNEY4 ,IT PRODUC$ MANY LEAFLETS UND] DIFF]5T NAMES4 ,ONE SU* LEAFLET WAS !IR 'V&AL'S LIC5SE1' :I* WAS PUBLI%$ UND] ! NAME ( ! ',FREE ,ASSOCIATION ( ,AU/RALASIAN ,%OPLIFT]S & ! ,DI/URB$ ,CITIZ5S = ! ,R$I/RIBUTION ( ,PUNI%M5T4' ,IT READ3 

,I,S ,?,I,S ,R,E,A,L,L,Y ,L,I,V,+8 444 

,>E Y\ TIR$ ( WORK1 CONSUME1 BE SIL5T1 DIE8 

,W,E ,>,E6 

,! ,D,I,/,U,R,B,$ ,C,I,T,I,Z,5,S = ! ,R,$,I,/,R,I,B,U,T,I,O,N ( ,P,U,N,I,%,M,5,T IS COMBAT+ ! FUTILITY ( EV]YDAY LIFE2 BY M\NT+ A CAMPAIGN TO PROMOTE ,V,&,A,L,I,S,M 444 

,BREAK UP ! B>RI]S ?AT SEP>ATE Y\R DESIRES FROM REALITY 

,TO LE>N H[ TO BUILD2 FIR/ WE MU/ LE>N H[ TO DE/ROY 

,EV] NOTIC$ H[ Y\R GOOD 9T5TIONS SEEM$ TO BE SMA%$ ON ! REEF ( WORKADAY R\T9E8 

,:Y NOT />T ! DAY (F BY HURL+ Y\R CLOCK ?R\< Y\R ,T,V SET 

,!N BEG9 A FE/IVAL ( LOOT+1 BURN+ & BU/+ UP ! BOR$OM6 

,IMAG9E Y\R LOCAL %OPP+ C5T]1 WORKPLACE1 HOME 444 9 RU9S6 

,CAN Y\ ?9K ( A BETT] WAY TO SP5D ! DAY8.<#a#b#c.> 

,?IS LEAFLET 5CAPSULAT$ ! WI%FUL 9SURRECTION>Y IMM$IATISM ( 'SITU' GR\PS & ! C>NIVAL AN>*I/S !Y 9FLU5C$4 ,9 ,NEW ,ZEAL&1 NO SITUATIONI/ GR\P WAS =M$1 DESPITE ! ATTEMPTS ( ,GRANT ,MC,DONA<4 ,9/EAD1 ,MC,DONA< OP]AT$ AS AN 9DIVIDUAL ON ! P]IPH]Y ( ! AN>*I/ MILIEU1 CO-OP]AT+ ) AN>*I/S TO PUBLI% SEV]AL MAGAZ9ES1 SU* AS ,AN>*Y & ,K,A,T4 ,! LATT] CALL$ ITSELF 'AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN SPASMODICAL' ( ! 'LIB]T>IAN ULTRA-LEFT 7SITUATIONI/S1 AN>*I/S & LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S74'.<#a#b#d.> ,MC,DONA< >GU$ ?AT ! SITUATIONI/ CURR5T WAS 'ONLY A M9ORITY CURR5T 9 ! BROAD] ,AN>*I/ MILIEU BETWE5 #aige & #a#i#g#i1 BUT POT5T 9 ?AT CONTEXT & BEYOND4'.<#a#b#e.> ,UND\BT$LY ?IS T5D5CY HAD MU* IMPACT ON ! AN>*I/ MILIEU1 BUT IT WAS NOT 'POT5T1' AS MANY AN>*I/S F\ND SITUATIONI/ WRIT+ IMP5ETRABLE4.<#a#b#f.> 

,MC,DONA< WAS ORIG9ALLY AN AN>*I/1 YET SOON BECAME A SITUATIONI/4 ,H[EV]1 HE VIEW$ ! ,S,I AS P>T ( ! BROAD ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN LEFT4.<#a#b#g.> ,HE BELIEV$ ?AT ! ',SITUATIONI/S ATTEMPT$ MORE SUCCESSFULLY ?AN ANYONE ELSE TO SUP]S$E ! SPLIT FIR/ OCCURR+ 9 ! #a/ ,9T]NATIONAL BETWE5 ! ,M>XI/S & ! ,BAKUN9I/S1 BY RE9V5T+ REVOLUTION ITSELF1 ) RESULTS WELL KN[N 9 ! .<,FR5*.> OCCUPATION MOVEM5T ( ,MAY & ,JUNE '#f#h4'.<#a#b#h.> ,9DE$1 HE ?\<T ?AT ! ,S,I WAS MORE ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN ?AN ! VA/ MAJORITY ( AN>*I/S1 & MA9TA9$ ?AT ! ,S,I HAD CRITICIZ$ AU?ORIT>IAN =MS ( ,M>XISM F> MORE EFFECTIVELY & COH]5TLY ?AN AN>*I/S HAD4.<#a#b#i.> 

,9 PRACTICE1 9/EAD ( OV]COM+ ! RIGID DIVISION BETWE5 AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM1 BITT] CLA%ES OCCURR$ BETWE5 AN>*I/S & ,MC,DONA<4 ,MC,DONA< CRITIQU$ ! AN>*I/ MILIEU = LACK+ RADICAL & 9TELLECTUAL CONT5T1 = AN 'ANEMIC' OPPORTUNI/IC 9VOLVEM5T 9 V>I\S PROTE/ MOVEM5TS1 & = BE+ AU?ORIT>IAN4 ,AN>*I/ IDEOLOGY1 HE >GU$1 CAUSES AN>*I/S 'TO DEAL ) P[] BY *OOS+ TO BELIEVE ?AT HE_/%E IS SOMEH[ IMMUNE TO IT4 ,P]HAPS BY ! MAGICAL TALISMANIC QUALITIES ( ! M]E WORD AN>*Y4'.<#a#c.> ,HE DISMISS$ ATT5DEES TO ! #ai< AN>*I/ 'UNCONV5TION' AS 'CORPSES1 HACKS1 CLOSET AU?ORIT>IANS1 MASO*I/S1 9TELLECTUAL MIDGETS @& RET>D$ RE=MI/S4'.<#a#c#a.> 

,AN>*I/S RECIPROCAT$ ) !IR [N CRITICISMS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,&REW ,DODSWOR?1 :O WAS 9VOLV$ 9 ,K,A,T1 ?\<T ?AT ,MC,DONA<'S POLITICS W]E 9COMPREH5SIBLE TO WORK+-CLASS PEOPLE4 ,LIKEWISE1 AN>*I/S OV]SEAS COMMONLY VIEW$ ! ,S,I & ITS FOLL[]S AS HOPELESSLY SECT>IAN1 DOGMATIC & HI]>*ICAL4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,FRANKL9 ,ROSEMONT ( ! ,*ICAGO-BAS$ AN>*I/ PUBLICATION ,! ,REBEL ,WORK] CA/IGAT$ ,U,S 'SITU' GR\PS NOT ONLY ALONG !SE L9ES1 BUT ALSO = HAV+ 'FULL TIME NON9VOLVEM5T 9 REAL /RUGGLE4'.<#a#c#b.> 

,H5CE ! T5SION BETWE5 'SITUS' & AN>*I/S RESULT$ FROM AN>*I/S DISMISS+ 'SITUS' = BE+ TOO 9TELLECTUAL & ISOLAT$1 & 'SITUS' SCOLD+ AN>*I/S = 9DULG+ 9 AN EASILY CO-OPTABLE M9DLESS ACTIVISM4 ,DESPITE !SE CLA%ES1 ( ALL ! T5D5CIES )9 AN>*ISM1 ! ,S,I & !IR FOLL[]S EX]T$ MO/ 9FLU5CE OV] ! C>NIVAL AN>*I/S 7:O1 9T]E/+LY 5\<1 W]E V]Y MU* ACTIVI/S74 

,NUM]\S C>NIVAL AN>*I/ GR\P+S W]E =M$ 9 ,AU/RALASIA4 ,9 ,NEW ,ZEAL&1 !Y 9CLUD$ ! ,AUCKL& ,AN>*I/ ,ACTIVI/S 7,A,A,A71 ! ,LUMP5 GR\P+ 9 ,AUCKL& & ! ,DUN$9 ,AN>*I/ ,>MY4 ,9 ,MELB\RNE1 ACCORD+ TO ,TOSCANO1 !Y 9CLUD$ ! ,WORK+ ,PEOPLE'S ,ASSOCIATION 7:I* PRODUC$ ! PAP] ,D+O7 & ! ,COLL+WOOD ,FREE/ORE 7MEMB]S ( :OM HAD E>LI] PRODUC$ ! MAGAZ9E ,SOLID>ITY74.<#a#c#c.> ,9 ,SYDNEY1 !Y 9CLUD$ ! ,SYDNEY ,AN>*I/ ,GR\P 7MEMB]S ( :OM PRODUC$ ,RIS+ ,FREE & ,! ,PLAGUE71 ,FRUITY ,TOGE!R1 ,BONDI ,V&ALS & ! ,PANIC ,M]*ANTS4 ,FREQU5TLY1 ! NAME ( !IR GR\P W\LD *ANGE ) EA* NEW ACTION !Y TOOK4 ,MO/ ( !SE GR\PS HAD A LOOSE MEMB]%IP ( HALF A DOZ5 TO A DOZ5 PEOPLE1 ) A MU* L>G] SOCIAL GR\P OCCASIONALLY P>TICIPAT+ 9 !IR ACTIVITIES4 

,! C>NIVAL AN>*I/S DREW ECLECTICALLY FROM MANY DIFF]5T T5D5CIES1 9CLUD+ C\NCILISM4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,PET] ,MC,GREGOR1 A C5TRAL FIGURE 9 ! ,SYDNEY C>NIVAL AN>*I/ SC5E1 NOT$ ?AT HE WAS 9FLU5C$ BY ,S\,B1 ,SOLID>ITY & ! ,S,M,G4.<#a#c#d.> ,MC,GREGOR HELP$ F\ND ! ,SYDNEY ,AN>*I/ ,GR\P 7,S,A,G7 9 AB\T #aigd L>GELY BAS$ ON ! ,S,M,G'S PLAT=M4 ,AS A RESULT1 ,S,A,G REPR9T$ >TICLES BY ,C>L ,BOGGS & ,SITUATIONI/ ,]NE ,RIESEL ON WORK]S' C\NCILS4.<#a#c#e.> ,LIKEWISE1 ! ,A,A,A1 ! MAJOR C>NIVAL AN>*I/ GR\P+ 9 ,NEW ,ZEAL&1 DEF9$ AN>*ISM AS A 'REAL SOCIALI/ SOCIETY BUILT FROM BEL[4 ,BUILT BY WORK+ PEOPLE :O >E DIRECTLY 9VOLV$1 ?R\< WORK]S C\NCILS1 9 MAK+ ! DECISIONS :I* AFFECT !IR LIVES4'.<#a#c#f.> 

,C>NIVALI/S W]E DRAWN TO SITUATIONI/ PRAXIS1 9CLUD+ REJECT+ WORK & EV]YDAY BOR$OM1 & EMPHASIZ+ ! FE/IVAL-LIKE NATURE ( RIOTS & REVOLUTIONS4 ,?IS WAS BECAUSE !Y G5]ALLY SAW ! ,S,I'S IDEAS AS COMPLEM5T+ & BOL/]+ !IR ATTEMPTS TO FUZE >T ) POLITICS1 & TO FUZE ! C\NT]CULTURE ) ! REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT4 

,ACCORD+LY1 !Y W]E MORE ATTRACT$ TO ! ,S,I'S 'RADICAL SUBJECTIVI/' W+ REPRES5T$ POETICALLY BY ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM1 RA!R ?AN ! ,S,I'S 'OBJECTIVI/' W+ REPRES5T$ BY ,GUY ,DEBORD1 :OSE WRIT+ WAS MORE ANALYTICAL & ,M>XI/4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,T]RY ,LEAHY1 AN ,AU/RALIAN C>NIVALI/1 /RESS$ ,VANEIGEM'S IDEA ?AT REVOLUTION BEG9S FROM EV]YDAY LIFE BY PEOPLE FULFILL+ !IR [N DESIRES1 REJECT+ RIGID ROLES & PLAY+ GAMES4 ,LEAHY WROTE 'SPONTANE\S CREATIVITY & ! S5SE ( FE/IVITY >E ! KEYS TO REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE4'.<#a#c#g.> 

,9 ?IS ,VANEIGEMI/ VE91 C>NIVALI/S SU* AS ,MC,GREGOR ATTEMPT$ TO LIVE A CREATIVE LIFE/YLE FREE FROM SELF-SACRIFICE BY REFUS+ TO REPRODUCE CAPITAL 9 EV]YDAY LIFE3 

,9 ! PURI/ SPIRIT ( ,*>LES ,F\RI]'S ,SOME ,ADVICE ,CONC]N+ ! ,NEXT ,SOCIAL ,METAMORPHOSIS3 ',NEV] SACRIFICE A PRES5T GOOD TO A FUTURE GOOD4 ,5JOY ! MOM5T2 DON'T GET 9TO ANY?+ :I* DOESN'T SATISFY Y\R PASSIONS RI<T AWAY4' 444 ,SO1 S9CE PROP]TY WAS !FT1 :Y NOT SQUAT2 & S9CE WORK WAS WAGE-SLAV]Y1 !N DON'T4.<#a#c#h.> 

,MC,GREGOR SAW 9T]P]SONAL RELATIONS AS ! PRIM>Y SITE ( POLITICS1 RA!R ?AN SELF-SACRIFIC+ ACTIVISM = AN EXT]NAL CAUSE4 

,JEAN ,B>ROT 7,DAUVE7 P]CEPTIVELY >GUES ?AT !SE ,VANEIGEMI/ LIFE/YLES 'CANNOT BE LIV$'4 ,HE CONT9UES3 'EI!R ONE HUDDLES 9 ! CREVICES ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 OR ONE CEASELESSLY OPPOSES TO IT A DIFF]5T LIFE :I* IS IMPOT5T BECAUSE ONLY ! REVOLUTION CAN MAKE IT A REALITY4'.<#a#c#i.> ,! C>NIVALI/S DID NOT OV]COME ?IS DILEMMA4 ,OV]ALL1 ! C>NIVALI/S' BORR[+ FROM ! ,S,I WAS HAPHAZ>D4 ,(T5 !Y W]E MORE ATTRACT$ TO ! AGGRESSIVE /YLE ( ! ,S,I RA!R ?AN ITS SUB/ANCE4 ,!Y FREQU5TLY R$UC$ SITUATIONI/ IDEAS TO SLOGANS SU* AS 'EV]YDAY LIFE HAS BE5 R$UC$ TO A COMMODITY4'.<#a#d.> ,:AT ULTIMATELY MATT]$ TO C>NIVALI/S WAS NOT C>EFUL ANALYSIS1 OR !ORETICAL EXPOSITION1 BUT :AT Y\ W]E DO+ 9 ! H]E & N[4 

,RELATION%IP ) & P]SPECTIVES ON CLASS 

',SITUS' LIKE ,MC,DONA< UNAMBIGU\SLY PROMOT$ WORK+-CLASS RESI/ANCE4 ,YET ,MC,DONA< TOOK SIGNS ( PROLET>IAN DISS5T TO SIGNIFY ! POSSIBILITY ( ! IMM$IATE REVOLUTION>Y E/ABLI%M5T ( ! 'TOTAL DEMOCRACY' ( WORK]S' C\NCILS4.<#a#d#a.> ,= EXAMPLE1 9 A LEAFLET CRITICIZ+ A 'COV]-UP' BY ,PRIME ,M9I/] ,MULDOON1 ,MC,DONA< WILDLY ASS]T$ ?AT ! PROLET>IAT W\LD1 9 RESPONSE1 UNLEA% A 'FURY' ONLY H9T$ AT 9 PREVI\S /RUGGLES & /ORM ! PALACE4.<#a#d#b.> ,FUR!R1 ',NONE 444 CAN /OMA* ,BOSSES OR COPS ANYMORE4 ,! FRAGM5T>Y RADICALISM & ! MOM5TS ( POETRY IT /UMBL$ HESITANTLY T[>DS 9 #ai< MU/ 9 '#g#i FUZE 9TO AN 9SATIABLE LU/ = ! TOTALITY IF WE >E TO GA9 EV]Y?+4'.<#a#d#c.> ,UNSURPRIS+LY1 ?IS 'LU/ = ! TOTALITY' NEV] MAT]IALIZ$ -- AL?\< 9 #aigi A ONE-DAY G5]AL /RIKE 9VOLV+ AB\T ONE-?IRD ( ! WORK=CE OCCURR$4 ,?IS WAS ! FIR/ G5U9ELY NATIONWIDE G5]AL /RIKE 9 ,NEW ,ZEAL& HI/ORY4 ,H[EV]1 IT DID NOT PRODUCE RADICAL CLASS-WIDE CONFRONTATIONS ) CAPITAL4 ,9 ,AU/RALIA1 ! WORK+ CLASS WAS LIKEWISE NON-9SURRECTION>Y1 ) A FEW NOTABLE EXCEPTIONS1 SU* AS 9 #aigc :5 AUTO-WORK]S RIOT$ 9 ,MELB\RNE4.<#a#d#d.> 

,IT WAS H>DLY A PRACTICAL SUGGE/ION TO CALL = ! IMM$IATE =MATION ( WORK]S' C\NCILS DUR+ A NON-REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD1 & 9DE$1 9 A C\NTRY )\T A REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION :]E WORK]S' C\NCILS HAVE NEV] APPE>$1 NOR LOOK$ LIKELY TO APPE>4 ,DODSWOR? ELABORATES FUR!R3 

,\R CONTACT )1 & UND]/&+ (1 ! WORK]S :O WE W]E URG+ TO SEIZE P[] 7,GRANT .<,MC,DONA<.> WAS P>TICUL>LY FOND ( SPRAYPA9T+ ! SLOGAN ',ALL P[] TO ! WORK]S' C\NCILS1' OV]LOOK+ ! TRIVIAL OBJECTION ?AT !RE W]E NO WORK]S' C\NCILS TO SEIZE P[]1 EV5 IF ANY O!R ( ! PRECONDITIONS = ?IS HAD BE5 MET7 WAS PRACTICALLY NON-EXI/5T4 .<444.> ,WE DIDN'T ACTUALLY DO ANY?+ EXCEPT PRODUCE ,KAT .<444.> PUT UP A FEW PO/]S & SPRAYPA9T A FEW WALLS .<).> UTT]LY 9COMPREH5SIBLE .<SLOGANS.>4.<#a#d#e.> 

,H5CE !IR IDEALI/IC IMM$IATISM WAS A PRODUCT ( !IR ISOLATION FROM WORK]S4 

,C>NIVAL AN>*I/S W]E MU* MORE AMBIGU\S AB\T CLASS ?AN ! 'SITUS4' ,ON ! ONE H&1 SOME DECL>$ ?AT CLASS WAS A DOGMATIC & \TDAT$ LEFTI/ BELIEF4 ,WORK]S W]E SE5 AS PASSIVE1 :ILE PROTE/]S1 /UD5TS1 Y\?1 HIPPIES & ! 'LUMP5PROLET>IAT' W]E CONSID]$ ! NEW REBELLI\S 'CLASSES4' ,= EXAMPLE1 ,! ,LUNATIC ,FR+E1 A C>NIVAL AN>*I/ GR\P FROM ,MELB\RNE1 WROTE3 

,! BASIS ( A REVOLUTION MU/ BE CULTURAL AS WELL AS BE+ POLITICAL & SOCIAL4 ,!RE=E1 WE URGE ALL DROP\TS1 ALCOHOLICS1 LUNATICS1 JUNKIES1 BLUDG]S1 NEUROTICS1 PRISON]S1 9MATES1 S*IZOPHR5ICS1 ! UNEMPLOY$1 ! 9SANE1 ! PSY*OLOGICALLY UNS\ND1 ! FREAKS1 ! LAZY1 & O!R ASSORT$ MANIACS TO 444 MAKE ! REVOLUTION4.<#a#d#f.> 

,CONSEQU5TLY1 MU* ( ! EXUB]ANT 5]GY ( C>NIVALI/S W5T 9TO SOME:AT R&OM ATTEMPTS TO PU% ! PROTE/ MOVEM5T 9 A MORE RADICAL DIRECTION 7!Y P>TICIPAT$ 9 A WIDE V>IETY ( MOVEM5TS -- 9 ,NEW ,ZEAL&1 !SE 9CLUD$ ANTI-,VIETNAM ,W> M>*ES1 PRO-ABORTION RALLIES1 ANTI-AP>!ID DEMON/RATIONS1 L& OCCUPATIONS BY ,MAORI & PROTE/S AGA9/ ! DEPORTATION ( ,PACIFIC ,ISL& MIGRANT LABOR71 AS WELL AS BUILD+ 9N]-CITY COMMUNITIES ( L>GELY 'LUMP5PROLET>IAN' C\NT]-CULTURAL Y\?4 ,:ILE MO/ ( !SE MOVEM5TS CAN BE CONSID]$ EXPRESSIONS ( CLASS /RUGGLE TO A L>GE EXT5T1 C>NIVALI/S DID NOT SEE !M AS SU*2 9DE$1 !Y (T5 SAW !M AS SOME?+ BEYOND & AGA9/ CLASS4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 MANY C>NIVAL AN>*I/S W]E SUPPORTIVE ( CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,:ILE !IR VIEWS APPE> TO BE 9DIVIDUALI/IC1 !Y S\<T TO SYN!SIZE 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE 9T]E/S4.<#a#d#g.> ,MO/ W]E FROM WORK+-CLASS BACKGR\NDS4 ,!IR ACTIVISM 9CLUD$ /RIKE SUPPORT1 & A FEW W]E 9VOLV$ 9 RANK-&-FILE WORKPLACE GR\PS1 AL?\< !SE ATTEMPTS AT WORKPLACE ORGANIZ+ W]E C>RI$ \T ON AN 9DIVIDUAL1 ISOLAT$ & 9T]MITT5T BASIS4.<#a#d#h.> ,D+O & ,RIS+ ,FREE COV]$ WORKPLACE DISPUTES4 ,MO/ C>NIVALI/S ESP\S$ WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T AS A CORE AIM4 

,! /UNTS ( ! C>NIVAL AN>*I/S W]E REM9ISC5T ( ! GR\P ,CLASS ,W> 9 ! ,U,K4 ,= EXAMPLE1 9 ,NEW ,ZEAL&1 A C>NIVALI/ WAS CAU<T :ILE ATTEMPT+ TO /EAL A BALLOT BOX DUR+ ! #aiha CLIFFHANG] ELECTION4 ,HIS AIM WAS TO DEM&1 9 RETURN = ! VOTES1 A #a P] C5T 9CREASE 9 WAGES = ALL WORK]S DUR+ ! !N WAGE-FREEZE4 ,9 ,AU/RALIA1 C>NIVALI/S =M$ ! ',DAIRY ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT' :I* /OLE MILK FROM RI* SUBURBS & R$I/RIBUT$ IT TO COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS 9 WORK+-CLASS SUBURBS4 ,SYDNEY C>NIVALI/S P5N$ A LETT] ?AT PURPORT$ TO BE ! ,LEI*>DT ,T[N ,C\NCIL ,MAYOR'S RESIGNATION LETT]4 ,! LETT] ADVOCAT$ AN AN>*I/ REVOLUTION & 5C\RAG$ ! =MATION ( WORK]S' & RESID5TS' C\NCILS4 ,AT ! TIME1 CORRUPTION ALLEGATIONS HAD BE5 MADE AGA9/ ,C\NCIL ,(FIC]S REG>D+ ! REZON+ ( >EAS = HI< RISE DEVELOPM5T4.<#a#d#i.> 

,FUR!RMORE1 ,NEW ,ZEAL& C>NIVALI/S W]E HEAVILY 9VOLV$ 9 HELP+ TO ORGANIZE P>T ( ! UNWAG$ W+ ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 NAMELY ! UNEMPLOY$4 ,!Y =M$ SEV]AL UNEMPLOY$ GR\PS1 SU* AS ! ,AUCKL& ,CITY ,UNEMPLOY$ ,GR\P 7,A,C,U,G71 AN 5]GETIC GR\P ?AT 9VOLV$ AB\T #c PEOPLE1 9CLUD+ MANY ,POLYNESIANS4 ,IT DI/RIBUT$ MAT]IAL 9 SEV]AL DIFF]5T LANGUAGES 9 9DU/RIAL WORK+-CLASS ,S\? ,AUCKL&1 & PICKET$ RACI/ CAPITALI/S4.<#a#e.> 

,= C>NIVAL AN>*I/S1 BECOM+ 9VOLV$ 9 ! UNEMPLOY$ MOVEM5T WAS A CLASS-BAS$ RESPONSE TO ! ECONOMIC D[NTURN ( ! MID-#a#i#gS4 ,IT WAS ALSO A PRODUCT ( !IR REJECTION ( WORK & ! WORK E?IC4 ,OLIV] ,ROBB1 ( ! ,A,A,A & ,A,C,U,G1 WROTE1 ',:Y %\LD A P]SON WORK8 ,:Y %\LD A P]SON BE =C$ TO WORK AT A DULL1 HUMILIAT+ JOB8'.<#a#e#a.> 

,YET P>ADOXICALLY ?IS 'DOLE AUTONOMY' ALSO REPRES5T$ A RETREAT FROM CLASS4 ,IT L$ TO SELF-M>G9ALIZATION FROM ! WAG$ WORK+ CLASS1 :O C\LD BE LOOK$ D[N UPON = HAV+ A JOB & NOT ADOPT+ A CREATIVE LIFE/YLE ON ! DOLE4.<#a#e#b.> ,URG+ WORK]S TO 'DROP-\T' WAS H>DLY A RELEVANT SUGGE/ION = ?OSE :O HAD TO WORK 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE4 ,9DE$1 MANY C>NIVALI/S WORK$ = A FEW MON?S AT A TIME AT V>I\S M5IAL JOBS 9 ORD] TO SAVE MONEY1 !N QUIT TO LIVE (F ! PROCE$S4 ,LIKE DOLE AUTONOMY1 SU* A PRACTICE DID NOT *ALL5GE CLASS EXPLOITATION2 IT WAS MORE A ME?OD ( SURVIVAL UND] CAPITALISM4 

,9 ,AU/RALIA1 C>NIVAL AN>*I/S CLA%$ ) AN>*OSYNDICALI/S & C\NCILI/S1 SU* AS ! ,S,M,G1 OV] ! WOR? ( WORKPLACE-BAS$ /RATEGIES1 RESULT+ 9 SOME:AT RIOT\S SC5ES & BITT] SPLITS AT AN>*I/ CONF]5CES4 ,! ,LIB]T>IAN ,SOCIALI/ ,F$]ATION SUMM$ UP ! QU>REL3 

,?OSE PEOPLE :O W]E >GU+ = ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T TO BECOME 9VOLV$ 9 TRADE UNION & 9DU/RIAL WORK W]E ACCUS$ ( NEGLECT+ O!R =MS ( /RUGGLE4 ,:]EV] ?IS POSITION WAS ADVANC$ ! PEOPLE DO+ SO W]E D5\NC$ = IDOLIZ+ ! WORK+ CLASS1 IGNOR+ ITS CONS]VATISM1 'LAY+ HEAVY MORAL VIEWS1' & PRESSURIZ+ O!RS TO BECOME FACTORY WORK]S4.<#a#e#c.> 

,:ILE SOME AN>*OSYNDICALI/S & C\NCILI/S UNFAIRLY DEM&$ ?AT PEOPLE :O REFUS$ TO WORK BECOME WORKPLACE MILITANTS1 & SOME AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S BELITTL$ '! REVOLUTION>Y SIGNIFICANCE' ( /UD5TS & ! UNEMPLOY$1.<#a#e#d.> ! C>NIVALI/ ASS]TION ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS WAS CONS]VATIVE IS DUBI\S4 ,9 #a#i#g#f1 #* P] C5T ( ! ,AU/RALIAN WORK=CE P>TICIPAT$ 9 /RIKES1 9CLUD+ A G5]AL /RIKE AGA9/ ! REMOVAL ( UNIV]SAL HEAL? 9SURANCE4.<#a#e#e.> ,MANY C>NIVAL AN>*I/S1 :O C\LD BE QUITE 9W>D-LOOK+1 SEEM$ \T ( T\* ) DISS5T 9 BROAD] ,AU/RALIAN SOCIETY4 ,ADDITIONALLY1 ! C\NCILI/S & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S ?\<T ?AT ! C>NIVALI/S W]E '*AOTICI/1' 9DIVIDUALI/1 ANTI-ORGANIZATIONAL & AIMLESS4 ,9 RESPONSE TO ! C>NIVALI/S1 ! ,S,M,G DEF5D$ ! NE$ = =MAL ORGANIZATION1 PLANN+1 9T]NAL DEMOCRACY & A COH]5T POLITICAL PROGRAM4.<#a#e#f.> ,:ILE SIMIL> T5SIONS EXI/$ 9 ,NEW ,ZEAL&1 !Y DID NOT PRODUCE SPLITS4 

,CONCLUSIONS 

,C\NCILISM & AN>*ISM LOOSELY M]G$ 9TO 'LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM1' (F]+ A NON-DOGMATIC PA? BY :I* BO? C\NCIL COMMUNISM & AN>*ISM C\LD BE UPDAT$ = ! *ANG$ CONDITIONS ( ! TIME1 & = ! NEW =MS ( PROLET>IAN RESI/ANCE TO !SE NEW CONDITIONS4 

,IT HAS BE5 >GU$ ?AT #a#i#gS AN>*ISM WAS 9FLU5C$ PR$OM9ANTLY BY ! ,NEW ,LEFT1 'NEW SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1' ! C\NT]-CULTURE & SOMETIMES CLASSICAL AN>*ISM4.<#a#e#g.> ,YET C\NCILISM >GUABLY HAD JU/ AS MU* IMPACT ON AN>*ISM AS !SE MOVEM5TS DID4 ,!RE IS MU* TRU? 9 ,GEORGE'S ASSESSM5T ?AT 'S9CE ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION NO MAJOR !ORETICAL ADVANCES HAVE BE5 MADE BY AN>*ISM4 ,C\NCIL ,COMMUNI/S HAVE PROVID$ MO/ ( ! NEW 5]GY & NEW ANALYSIS ( MOD]N SOCIETY 9 ! G5]AL LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T4'.<#a#e#h.> ,BECAUSE AN>*I/S G5]ALLY LACK$ 9-DEP? & UP-TO-DATE !ORETICAL ANALYSIS1 !Y W]E CONT5T TO M]ELY REPUBLI% C\NCILI/ LIT]ATURE4 ,C\NCILISM WAS CONSID]$ JU/ ONE MORE ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN +R$I5T TO BE ADD$ UNCRITICALLY 9TO ! AN>*I/ MELT+ POT4 

,9 TURN1 C\NCILI/S W]E MU* 9FLU5C$ BY AN>*ISM1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT SOME CLAIM$ TO BE MORE ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN ?AN AN>*I/S1 & O!RS BECAME EI!R AN>*I/S OR HI<LY SYMPA!TIC TO AN>*ISM4 ,C\NCILI/S W]E ATTRACT$ BY AN>*ISM'S RI* HI/ORY ( SELF-MANAGEM5T1 & BECAUSE !Y W]E A NEW T5D5CY ?AT LACK$ SUPPORT1 & SO NE$$ REVOLUTION>Y ALLIES & SYMPA?IZ]S4 ,9DE$1 !Y (T5 OP]AT$ ON ! FR+ES ( A L>G] AN>*I/ MILIEU4 

,H[EV]1 ?IS SYN!SIS BETWE5 AN>*ISM & C\NCILISM WAS UNDEVELOP$4 ,9DE$1 AN>*I/S & C\NCILI/S CLA%$ OV] MANY ISSUES4 ,9/EAD ( !SE T5SIONS RESULT+ 9 A HEAL?Y R$EVELOPM5T ( AN>*I/ & C\NCILI/ PRAXIS1 !Y CAUS$ ACRIMONI\S & P]SONALIZ$ DISPUTES4 

,! AN>*I/ & C\NCILI/ MILIEU WAS TOO SMALL1 Y\?FUL & EPHEM]AL TO DEVELOP A SOPHI/ICAT$ SYN!SIS OR CRITICAL 5GAGEM5T4 ,DIFF]5CES BETWE5 AN>*I/S & C\NCILI/S -- = EXAMPLE1 ON ! WOR? ( AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ UNIONS V]SUS WORK]S' C\NCILS & EXTRA-UNION NETWORKS1 & ! WOR? ( DEC5TRALIZATION OR C5TRALIZATION -- W]E SET ASIDE BECAUSE !SE CURR5TS W]E L>GELY OPPOSITIONAL 9 NATURE4 ,!Y W]E BR\<T TOGE!R MORE = :AT !Y W]E AGA9/ 7SU* AS ORD]-GIV]S ( ANY IDEOLOGICAL HUE1 ESPECIALLY ,L59I/ BUREAUCRATS71 RA!R ?AN :AT !Y W]E =4 

,9 T]MS ( !IR RELATION%IP TO CLASS1 C\NCILISM & CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*ISM W]E HELPFULLY R$EVELOP$ 9TO A PRAXIS ?AT QUE/ION$ NOT ONLY ! [N]%IP ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 BUT ALSO CAPITAL'S COLONIZATION ( EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,) !IR FOCUS UPON ! ALI5ATION & BOR$OM PRODUC$ BY 'BUREAUCRATIC CAPITALISM' OR BY ! 'SPECTACLE-COMMODITY ECONOMY1' !Y TRANSC5D$ VULG> ECONOMISM4 ,ADDITIONALLY1 9 RESPONSE TO *ANGES 9 CLASS COMPOSITION1 !Y IMPORTANTLY CONSID]$ NON-MANAG]IAL :ITE-COLL> WORK]S & ! UNWAG$ TO BE P>T ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,YET BO? T5D5CIES AN>*I/ICALLY >GU$ ?AT ! C5TRAL PROBLEM ) CAPITAL WAS ITS HI]>*Y4 ,?IS IS HI<LY DEBATABLE1 AS ! C5TRAL CONTRADICTION )9 CAPITAL IS /ILL CLASS EXPLOITATION1 NOT BUREAUCRATIC OR MANAG]IAL CONTROL1 OR BOR$OM4 ,C\NCILISM WAS DEVELOP$ DUR+ A TIME ( EXP&+ BUREAUCRACY 9 BO? ! CAPITALI/ ,WE/ & 'COMMUNI/' ,EA/1 :I* PRODUC$ AN 9CREAS$ DEM& = SKILL$1 TE*NICAL LABOR4 ,S9CE ! IMPOSITION ( NEO-LIB]ALISM1 CLASS EXPLOITATION HAS 9T5SIFI$1 LABOR HAS BECOME MORE PREC>I\S & CASUALIZ$1 & BUREAUCRACY HAS BE5 >GUABLY R$UC$4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 C\NCILI/ !ORIES SEEM \TDAT$4 

,! RESPONSES ( ! C\NCILI/S & C>NIVAL AN>*I/S TO ! UPSURGE 9 WORKPLACE /RUGGLE ( ! #a#i#gS /& 9 CONTRA/4 ,C\NCILI/S SU* AS ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE URG$ ! =MATION ( EXTRA-UNION %OP COMMITTEES4 ,:ILE !IR /RATEGY WAS NOT 9FLU5TIAL1 & !Y REMA9$ 9 'SPL5DID ISOLATION1' ! 9DU/RI\S ,S,M,G WAS MORE EFFECTIVE4 ,!IR GRASSROOTS /RATEGY BAS$ ON !IR NETWORK ( CELLS HAD MU* POT5TIAL TO L9K COMMUNITY & WORKPLACE /RUGGLE TOGE!R4 ,NEV]!LESS1 !IR CONTRIBUTIONS W]E TRANSITORY & (T5 IDEALI/IC4 ,! C\NCILI/ MILIEU SOON FAD$ AWAY BY ! LATE #a#i#gS 9 ,NEW ,ZEAL&1 & BY ! MID-#a#i#hS 9 ,AU/RALIA4 ,MANY ,AU/RALIAN C\NCILI/S BECAME AN>*I/S 7SOME LAT] BECAME 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY 9 ,BRISBANE71 COMMUNITY ACTIVI/S OR ,GRE5 ,P>TY MEMB]S4 

,9 CONTRA/1 ! 'SITUS' & C>NIVAL AN>*I/S BELIEV$ IMPATI5TLY ?AT TOTAL REVOLUTION 7SOCIAL1 ECONOMIC1 CULTURAL & PSY*OLOGICAL7 NE$$ TO OCCUR IMM$IATELY4 ,SITUATIONI/S DISMISS$ ! DISS5T ( ! TIME AS BE+ FRAGM5T>Y & LACK+ RADICAL CONT5T1 H5CE MAK+ IT EASILY RECUP]ABLE4 ,C]TA9LY1 ?IS WAS L>GELY TRUE1 BUT !Y T5D$ TO DIFF]5TIATE 'A PURE1 AUTONOM\S CLASS FROM ! 0EXT]NAL0 9/ITUTIONS ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T 7UNIONS1 LEFTI/ P>TIES71 & 9 SO DO+1 5D.<$.> UP CONCLUD+ ?AT ! CLASS HAS BE5 DUP$ BY ! IDEOLOGY ( !SE EXT]NAL =CES1'.<#a#e#i.> OR BY ! SPECTACLE4 ',SITUS' -- AS ) O!R C\NCILI/S -- FROZE ! HI< PO9TS ( CLASS /RUGGLE1 9 P>TICUL> ! EM]G5CE ( WORK]S' C\NCILS1 & US$ IT AS A PR9CIPLE TO JUDGE ! PRES5T4 ,!IR CRITIQUE DID NOT RELATE TO ! DAILY CONTRADICTORY RELATION%IP ?AT EXI/S BETWE5 CAPITAL & WORK]S1 :]E 'BO? ! ACCEPTANCE & REFUSAL ( CAPITALI/ LABOR COEXI/1 :]E WORK]S' PASSIVE OBJECTIFICATION & SUBJECTIVE 7COLLECTIVE7 RESI/ANCE COEXI/ )9 ! SUBSUMPTION ( LABOR-P[] TO ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS4'.<#a#f.> ,IT WAS ?US UNSURPRIS+ ?AT ! GR\PS & PROJECTS ( ! 'SITUS' W]E HI<LY EPHEM]AL & 9EFFECTUAL4 

,! C>NIVAL AN>*I/S W]E AMBIGU\S T[>DS CLASS4 ,!Y W]E NOT SIMPLY 9DIVIDUALI/ BOHEMIANS1 NOR LIFE/YLE AN>*I/S4 ,!Y REFUS$ TO WORK1 =M$ UNEMPLOY$ GR\PS1 W5T ON PICKET L9ES & SUPPORT$ WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,YET 9 !IR DESPAIR OV] ! DECL9E ( ! PROTE/ MOVEM5T & ! ALLEG$ CONS]VATISM ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 !Y TURN$ 9W>D4 ,!IR ATTEMPT TO LIVE ! MO/ RADICAL LIFE/YLE POSSIBLE 9 !IR EV]YDAY LIVES WAS (T5 ELITI/ & SELF-M>G9ALIZ+4 ,!IR EXP]IM5TS BECAME SELF-DE/RUCTIVE4 ,SUBSEQU5TLY1 !IR SQUATS & AFF9ITY GR\PS COLLAPS$1 (T5 )\T TRACE4 

,NONE!LESS1 ! C>NIVALI/S W5T BEYOND ! ,S,I 9 ONE RESPECT4 ,9 !IR *ALL5GE TO ! SOLEMN S]I\SNESS ( LEFTI/S1 !Y ATTEMPT$ TO PUT C]TA9 ,SITUATIONI/ IDEAS 9TO EV]YDAY PRACTICE4 ,?IS WAS WELL >TICULAT$ BY ,FRANKL9 ,ROSEMONT3 ',AT ! TIME IT ALWAYS SEEM$ TO ME ?AT ! ,SITUATIONI/S WROTE & TALK$ & !ORIZ$ AB\T PLAY+ & HAV+ FUN1 :ILE WE - /ILL JU/ KIDS1 9 A S5SE -- W]E ACTUALLY PLAY+ & HAV+ ! FUN4'.<#a#f#a.> 

,CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*I/S & ANTI-,L59I/ REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XI/S TODAY CONT9UE TO CONV]GE & CLA%4 ,YET !RE IS /ILL MU* UNTAPP$ SCOPE = A TWO-WAY SYN!SIS1 OR AT LEA/ = SU/A9$ CRITICAL 5GAGEM5T BETWE5 ! TWO CURR5TS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 C\NCILI/S ANALYZ$ ! IMPORTANCE ( BUREAUCRACY & MANAG]IAL AU?ORITY 9 CLASS /RUGGLE1 A FACTOR ?AT ,M>XI/S HAVE T5D$ TO D[NPLAY4 ,9 ?IS REG>D1 A G5U9E SYN!SIS C\LD (F] CONSID]ABLE 9SI<T 9TO ! HEAVILY DISPUT$ SUBJECT ( ! 'MIDDLE CLASS'3 ?AT IS1 ?OSE 'CONTRADICTORY CLASS LOCATIONS' :]E WORK]S SU* AS MANAG]S >E EXPLOIT$ & YET ALSO WIELD CONSID]ABLE P[] OV] O!R WORK]S4 

,ACKN[L$GM5TS 

,MANY ?ANKS TO ,VIOLA ,WILK9S1 ,TIM ,BRI$IS1 ,GAV9 ,MURRAY1 ,JOE ,TOSCANO & ,GREG ,GEORGE = 5LI<T5+ ME AB\T ,AU/RALIAN C\NCILISM & AN>*ISM4 ,?ANKS ALSO TO EV]YONE :O P>TICIPAT$ 9 MY E>LI] ,NEW ,ZEAL& RESE>*1 & TO ,/EVE ,WRI<T & ! $ITORS = !IR RIGOR\S COMM5TS ON E>LI] DRAFTS4 

,NOTES 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#g1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #ac -- ,ADD$4 

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