,*APT] #c3 ,DEC5TRALIZATION & ! ,ORGANIZATION ( ,9DU/RY 

#aieiaiei 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GA/ON ,LEVAL 

,TEXT 3 

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,BE=E WE ADDRESS ! ISSUE ( ! /RUCTURES ( ! F$]ALI/ ORGANIZATION1 WE BELIEVE IT W\LD BE USEFUL TO PROVIDE SOME FIGURES ?AT WILL %[ ?AT1 FROM ! PRACTICAL PO9T ( VIEW--& NOT JU/ FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( !ORY OR PR9CIPLES--9DU/RIAL DEC5TRALIZATION IS AN ABSOLUTE NECESSITY4 

,9 #a#i#e#d1 ACCORD+ TO ! ,NATIONAL ,9/ITUTE ( ,/ATI/ICS & ,ECONOMIC ,/UDIES 7,9,S,E,E71 ! ,P>IS REGION HAD SIX MILLION ?REE HUNDR$ ?\S& 9HABITANTS1 ?AT IS1 #a#d4#c P]C5T ( ! POPULATION ( ,FRANCE4 ,YET IT IS HOME TO TW5TY-?REE P]C5T ( ! 9DU/RIAL WAGE WORK]S4 ,SIXTY P]C5T ( ,FRANCE'S A]ONAUTICS WORK]S1 #e#f4#b P]C5T ( ! WORK]S 9 ITS ELECTRICAL EQUIPM5T 9DU/RY1 & SIXTY-F\R P]C5T ( ITS ALUM9UM F\NDRY WORK]S >E LOCAT$ 9 ! ,P>IS REGION2 FIFTY P]C5T ( ,FRANCE'S COPP] & COPP] ALLOY WORK]S1 & FIFTY P]C5T ( ITS Z9C1 LEAD & T9 WORK]S1 EI<TY P]C5T ( ! C\NTRY'S HI<-PRESSURE ALLOY MANUFACTUR+ WORK]S1 SIXTY-FIVE P]C5T ( ITS MA*9]Y PRODUCTION WORK]S1 SEV5TY-ONE P]C5T ( ITS PA9T & V>NI% MANUFACTUR+ WORK]S1 SIXTY-FIVE P]C5T ( ITS PLA/] MANUFACTUR+ WORK]S 7:I* NONE!LESS W\LD APPE> TO BE EASY TO PRODUCE ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY71 N9ETY-FIVE P]C5T ( ITS GAS MET] MANUFACTUR+ WORK]S1 EI<TY P]C5T ( ?OSE :O MANUFACTURE WAT] MET]S1 & N9ETY-TWO P]C5T ( ITS AUTO WORK]S4 

,WE MU/ ALSO M5TION ?AT ONE ?IRD ( ! P]SONNEL EMPLOY$ 9 ,FRANCE 9 ! 0LIB]AL PR(ESSIONS01 DOM9AT$ BY P>ASITISM1 >E 9 ,P>IS2 ?AT TW5TY-N9E P]C5T ( ! PUBLIC S]VICE EMPLOYES LIVE 9 ! ,P>IS REGION1 :I* %[S JU/ H[ UND]-REPRES5T$ ! O!R P>TS ( ,FRANCE >E 9 ?IS REG>D2 & ?AT TW5TY-SIX P]C5T ( ! EMPLOYES ( ! TRANSPORT SECTOR >E ALSO CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! SAME REGION4 

,HAV+ CALL$ ATT5TION TO !SE FACTS1 WE %ALL TRY TO SET =? ! \TL9ES ( A DEC5TRALIZ$ ORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RY4 

,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT BETWE5 ! ORGANIZATION ( LOCAL PRODUCTION & ?AT ( NATIONAL PRODUCTION1 AN 9T]M$IATE REGIONAL ORGANIZATION IS 9T]POS$4 ,?IS LATT] ORGANIZATION MAY ASSUME MULTIPLE =MS4 

,LET US ASSUME ?AT 9 ! CITY ( ,LYON1 FURNITURE IS MANUFACTUR$ = ! 5TIRE ,DEP>TM5T ( ! ,RHONE1 & ?AT ITS FURNITURE 9DU/RY ALSO ASSEMBLES FURNITURE :OSE P>TS >E MANUFACTUR$ 9 ! ,RHONE ,DEP>TM5T AS WELL AS ! ,DEP>TM5TS ( ,AIX1 ,SAVOY1 ,IS]E1 ! ,LOIRE & ,SAONE-ET-,LOIRE4 ,?IS MANUFACTUR+ & ASSEMBLY CLU/] WILL RESULT 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( AN 9T]-DEP>TM5TAL ,F$]ATION ( ,FURNITURE ,WORK]S4 ,H[EV]1 %\LD ! WOODWORK]S ( ,PROV5CE LACK RAW MAT]IALS1 !Y W\LD BE OBLIG$ TO APPEAL TO ! ,F$]ATION :OSE HEADQU>T]S IS 9 ,LYON4 

,?US1 DIV]SE DEP>TM5TAL F$]ATIONS WILL JO9 ! ,NATIONAL ,F$]ATION1 NOT AS A RESULT ( ! CAPRICI\S RUL+ ( A C5TRAL COMMITTEE1 EV5 ONE ELECT$ BY A CONGRESS1 BUT AS A RESULT ( ! VITAL REQUIREM5TS ( CONSUMPTION & ! POSSIBILITIES ( ! LABOR PROCESS4 ,?ANKS TO ?IS NATIONAL 9/ITUTION ?AT WILL PROCE$ TO UND]TAKE A C5SUS ( ! RAW MAT]IALS AVAILABLE NATIONALLY1 & :I* WILL BE 9=M$ CONC]N+ ! POT5TIAL ( PRODUCTION ( EA* ZONE1 ! REGIONS EXP]I5C+ %ORTAGES WILL SY/EMATICALLY DIRECT !IR REQUE/S TO ! REGIONS POSSESS+ SURPLUSES1 :I* WILL PREV5T ONE DEP>TM5T FROM BE+ OV]:ELM$ ) REQUE/S :5 !SE REQUE/S %\LD BE EV5LY DI/RIBUT$ AMONG ! O!R DEP>TM5TS ) A SURPLUS4 

,H]E WE HAVE ! ELEM5TS ( A F$]ALISM ?AT WILL COMB9E AUTONOMY & COHESION1 TRUE SELF-DET]M9ATION & AN OV]ALL PLAN4 ,?IS IS ONLY ONE ASPECT ( :AT WE %ALL CALL DEC5TRALIZATION1 :I* WE MU/ ATTEMPT TO IMPLEM5T AS COMPLETELY AS POSSIBLE1 9 ORD] TO PREV5T ! =MATION ( RIGID & AU?ORIT>IAN APP>ATUSES CONTR>Y TO LIFE & LIB]TY4 ,!RE >E O!R POSSIBILITIES = ?IS T]RA94 ,WE %ALL 5UM]ATE A FEW ( !M4 

,! F$]ALI/ &1 TO A C]TA9 EXT5T1 C5TRALIZ$ MANAGEM5T.<#g.> ?AT PROCE$S FROM ! BOTTOM TO ! TOP & FROM ! TOP TO ! BOTTOM1 ONE ?AT WILL ALL[ = RATIONAL PLANN+1 WILL BE NEI!R NECESS>Y NOR 9DISP5SABLE = ALL 9DU/RIES1 ESPECIALLY = ?OSE :I* HAVE A LOCAL *>ACT]4 ,9 A SMALL CITY :]E %OES1 H\SEHOLD OBJECTS1 FABRICS & ! FURNITURE REQUIR$ = LOCAL CONSUMPTION IS PRODUC$1 EI!R BY ASSEMBLY L9E OR BY H&1 IT W\LD SEEM TO BE UNNECESS>Y = !SE ACTIVITIES TO 5T] 9TO ! ORGANIC CIRCUIT ( PRODUCTION DIRECT$ BY ! ,NATIONAL ,F$]ATION4 ,& ?IS W\LD BE AN EXCELL5T MEASURE = HELP+ TO PREV5T1 TO ! GREATE/ EXT5T POSSIBLE1 ! G5]AL ME*ANIZATION & /&>DIZATION ( HUMAN ACTIVITIES4 ,EV5 SO1 = ! USEFULNESS ( ! KN[L$GE ITSELF1 CITIES ( EV]Y SIZE1 & EV5 ! SMALL VILLAGES ?AT W\LD LIKE TO P>TICIPATE1 C\LD1 SIMPLY = 9=MATION PURPOSES1 PROVIDE /ATI/ICS CONC]N+ !IR PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION4 

,LET US CONSID] ! CON/RUCTION 9DU/RY4 ,BUILD+ H\SES & PUBLIC BUILD+S1 & URBAN PLANN+1 >E LOCAL ACTIVITIES1 :I* %\LD BE DIRECTLY ORGANIZ$ BY ! LOCALITIES 9VOLV$4 ,MORE PRECISELY1 !Y %\LD BE ORGANIZ$ BY ! SPECIALI/S ELECT$ BY !SE LOCALITIES1 OR BY !IR PR(ESSIONAL 9/ITUTIONS3 >*ITECTS1 PUBLIC HEAL? EXP]TS1 DELEGATES ( ! RESID5TS1 & REPRES5TATIVES ( ! CON/RUCTION WORK]S4 ,CONTR>Y TO ! PRECEPTS ( SYNDICALISM1 !SE TASKS >E NOT 5TRU/$ SOLELY TO ! TRADE UNION4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 AS 9 ALL O!RS1 ! CONSUM] MU/ LEAD ! PRODUC]1 DEM& MU/ ORI5T PRODUCTION4 

,A ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ! ,CON/RUCTION ,9DU/RY WILL NOT HAVE TO P]=M ! SAME K9D ( ROLE P]=M$ BY ! ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ! ,TEXTILE ,9DU/RY OR ! ,*EMICAL ,9DU/RY4 ,DECISIONS WILL HAVE TO BE MADE 9/EAD ON ! BASIS ( LOCAL CONDITIONS1 9CLUD+ MATT]S RELAT+ TO REGIONAL >*ITECTURAL /YLES1 :I* CANNOT BE DIRECT$ BY A C5TRALIZ$ NATIONAL DIRECTIVE COMMITTEE1 S9CE IT IS NOT ONLY NECESS>Y TO 0CONCEIVE0 ! /YLES1 AS W\LD TAKE PLACE 9 ! BE/ CASES1 BUT ALSO 0FEEL0 !M1 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! AMBIANCE ( EA* REGION1 ! SPIRIT ( ! C\NTRYSIDE1 & ?AT ( ! 9HABITANTS1 ! LOVE ( ! L&1 & EV5 LOCAL HI/ORY4 ,9 ?IS WAY WE C\LD 9 ! FUTURE AVOID A REPETITION ( ! MON/ROSITIES 9FLICT$ ON SO MANY CITIES 9 ,FRANCE AFT] ! LA/ W>1 :]E BUREAUCRAT->*ITECTS BUILT B>RACKS- & PRISON-LIKE BUILD+S1 :I* TOTALLY SPOIL$ ! CITIES DUE TO ! 9COMPATIBILITY ( !IR L9ES ) ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! C\NTRYSIDE4 

,?US1 ! ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK]S ( ! CON/RUCTION 9DU/RY CAN ONLY BE NATIONAL = A C]TA9 K9D ( PLANN+ P]TA9+ TO POPULATION GR[?1 /ATI/ICAL PROJECTS1 IMBALANCES OR RE=MS4 ,ITS MA9 PURPOSE W\LD BE TO 5SURE ! DI/RIBUTION ( RAW MAT]IALS1 ( MAT]IALS :OSE EXTRACTION1 MANUFACTURE1 & PREP>ATION >E (T5 LOCALIZ$ 7>\ND ! ,LOIRE1 ! MANUFACTURE ( CEM5T1 ETC474 

,BUT A ,F$]ATION ( LOCAL WORK]S1 :I* IT W\LD APPE> TO US TO BE PREF]ABLE TO CALL AN 09DU/RY TRADE UNION01 %\LD BE =M$ IMM$IATELY1 & IT %\LD UNITE ALL ! TRADES ?AT P>TICIPATE 9 CON/RUCTION3 EXCAVATORS1 BRICKLAY]S1 LABOR]S1 PLA/]]S1 PLUMB]S1 PA9T]S1 GLAZI]S1 >*ITECTS1 5G9E]S1 DRAFTSM51 MA/] CRAFTSM51 ETC4 ,! V>I\S TE*NICAL SECTIONS WILL BE UNIT$ BY ! COMMUNITY ( LABOR4 

,FROM ?IS P]SPECTIVE1 ! PR(ESSIONAL CORPORATIVE TRADE UNIONS HAVE LONG LACK$ ANY REASON TO EXI/1 NOT EV5 9 ! CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIAL /RUGGLES1 & IT IS SURPRIS+ TO SEE ?AT ?IS K9D ( DIVISION /ILL EXI/S 9 MANY SECTORS ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,IF1 FROM ! V]Y FIR/ MOM5TS ( ! MOVEM5T1 WE DO NOT ELIM9ATE !SE VE/IGES ( ! PA/1 IT IS LIKELY ?AT1 DUE TO A LACK ( SOLID>ITY & FRAT]NAL SPIRIT1 ! REVOLUTION WILL NOT LEAD TO ! CON/RUCTION ( A NEW WORLD4 ,IF WE DO NOT MAKE AN EF=T TO UNIFY \R =CES1 ON ! LEVEL ( LIFE & 9 \R HE>TS1 \R REVOLUTION WILL NOT HAVE A TRULY SOCIALI/1 OR SYNDICALI/ OR LIB]T>IAN1 *>ACT]1 & IT WILL BE /ILLBORN4 

,! TRADE UNION ( ! CON/RUCTION 9DU/RY1 H[EV]1 WILL ONLY BE ONE ( MANY TRADE UNIONS ( 9DU/RY4 ,! NATIONAL F$]ATIONS REPRES5T ! V]TICAL ASPECT ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,! TRADE UNIONS ( 9DU/RY1 & ! LOCAL F$]ATIONS ( ! V>I\S TRADE UNIONS ( ! DIFF]5T 9DU/RIES1 REPRES5T ! HORIZONTAL1 EM95TLY DEC5TRALIZ+1 ASPECT ( ! ORGANIZATION4 

,LET US SUPPOSE ?AT1 9 AN AV]AGE-SIZ$ CITY1 AFT] ! NECESS>Y CLASSIFICATIONS HAVE BE5 MADE1 ?AT ALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES TOGE!R COMPRISE ?IRTY BASIC 9DU/RIES1 9CLUD+ URBAN TRANSPORT4 

,! ?IRTY CORRESPOND+ TRADE UNIONS W\LD1 ON ! ONE H&1 BE CON/ITUT$ BY TWO HUNDR$ OR ?REE HUNDR$ TE*NICALLY-CLASSIFI$ TRADE SECTIONS1 EA* ( :I* IS CONJO9$ ) ! CATEGORY ?AT CORRESPONDS ) ITS G5]AL ACTIVITY1 9 ORD] TO PREV5T ! RIVALRIES ?AT CAUS$ SU* H>M = ! CORPORATIONS ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! TRADE UNIONS ( 9DU/RY WILL CON/ITUTE A BOND UNIT+ ALL ( !M ORGANICALLY4 ,QUITE (T51 ! ACTIVITIES ( C]TA9 9DU/RIES >E DIRECTLY COMPLEM5T>Y4 ,?US1 ! SUPPLY ( MAT]IALS = CON/RUCTION TO ! WORK]S ( ! CON/RUCTION SECTOR1 ( WOOD TO ! C>P5T]S1 TO ! FURNITURE WORK]S1 ( C]TA9 K9DS ( MA*9ES TO ! V>I\S WORK%OPS1 ETC4 ,?IS W\LD FACILITATE ! FULLE/ 9TEGRATION AT A LOCAL LEVEL1 TRUE SELF-DET]M9ATION ( A HUMANI/ TYPE1 &1 = EA* P]SON1 AN AW>5ESS ( ! ACTIVITIES ( ! :OLE4 

,BUT IF ECONOMIC DEC5TRALIZATION IS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y 9 VIEW ( ! FACT ?AT ! ,P>IS REGION IS A MON/R\S CONGLOM]ATION ( FACTORIES1 WORK%OPS1 & (FICES1 :I* S9CE ! TIME ( ,L\IS ,X,I,V HAS ABSORB$ A L>GE P>T ( ! C\NTRY'S LIFE & SUB/ANCE1 PAID = BY ALL ( ,FRANCE1 9DU/RIAL REORGANIZATION ALSO APPE>S TO BE A NECESSITY1 9 A RATIONAL & 0HUMANLY0 ORGANIZ$ ECONOMY4 

,9 AGRICULTURE1 MORE OR LESS QUICKLY DEP5D+ ON REGIONAL CONDITIONS1 ! ABSOLUTE IMP]ATIVE ( CONC5TRAT+ ! L& WILL BE IMPOS$ AS AN UNAVOIDABLE NECESSITY1 9/EAD ( DIVID+ ! L& 9TO SEP>ATE P>CELS1 :I* IS ! (FSPR+ ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 PRACTIC$ OV] ! C\RSE ( ! C5TURIES4 ,WE WILL HAVE TO WAIT MANY MORE YE>S1 9 ! CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES1 TO ATTA9 A MORE S5SIBLE SY/EM ( ORGANIZATION & DI/RIBUTION = F>M+4 

,WE MU/ SAY1 H[EV]1 ?AT SOME PROGRESS HAS ALREADY BE5 MADE 9 ?IS REG>D1 ?ANKS TO ! EF=TS ( ! V>I\S ,M9I/RIES ( ,AGRICULTURE :OSE TE*NICIANS1 FOLL[+ ! RECOMM5DATIONS ?AT AGRONOMI/S1 ECONOMI/S & SPECIALIZ$ 5G9E]S HAVE BE5 MAK+ = MANY YE>S1 HAVE SL[LY BEGUN TO PLAN & !N IMPLEM5T ?IS TR5D T[>DS CONC5TRATION :I*1 9 TURN1 CAN ONLY ACQUIRE ! NECESS>Y MOM5TUM = SUCCESS BY WAY ( ! SUPPORT ( ! PEASANTS !MSELVES4 ,9 ?IS CONNECTION1 ! PR(ESSIONAL & COOP]ATIVE MUTUAL AID SOCIETIES ( ! PEASANTS HAVE ALSO PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT P>T4 

,YET 9 ,FRANCE !RE IS ALSO AN EQUALLY UN=TUNATE TR5D T[>DS 9DU/RIAL FRAGM5TATION1 :I* A SOCIAL TRANS=MATION WILL HAVE TO /RIVE TO REM$Y AS SOON AS POSSIBLE4 ,& ?IS IS TRUE ( EV5 ! MO/ C5TRALIZ$ C\NTRIES1 :I* DEMON/RATES ! 9H]5T DISORD] ( A NON-SOCIALIZ$ ECONOMY4 

,?US1 AL?\< AT LEA/ TW5TY-?REE P]C5T ( ,FR5* 9DU/RY IS CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! ,P>IS REGION1 N9ETY-SEV5 P]C5T ( ! 9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISES ( ?IS REGION 7ONE HUNDR$ SIXTY ?\S& 5T]PRISES67 EA* EMPLOY FEW] ?AN FIFTY P]SONS1 & WE ALL KN[ ?AT 9 MOD]N 9DU/RY1 FIFTY PEOPLE IS AN 9SUFFICI5T NUMB] = MO/ 9DU/RIES4 

,IF WE TAKE ,FRANCE AS A :OLE1 ! /ATI/ICS = ! YE> #aiei %[ ?AT 9 ! *EMICAL 9DU/RY1 :I* MU/ BE ONE ( ! MO/ CONC5TRAT$ 9DU/RIES1 #f#b4#e P]C5T ( ! 5T]PRISES EMPLOY BETWE5 ONE & SIX WAGE WORK]S2 #c#b4#f P]C5T EMPLOY BETWE5 SEV5 & FIFTY2 #d4#a P]C5T1 BETWE5 FIFTY & TWO HUNDR$2 & 4#h P]C5T EMPLOY MORE ?AN TWO HUNDR$ WAGE WORK]S4 

,! FURNITURE 9DU/RY HAS ?IRTY-F\R ?\S& 05T]PRISES0 :I* EMPLOY ONE HUNDR$ T5 ?\S& PEOPLE1 OR APPROXIMATELY ?REE P]SONS P] 5T]PRISE4 ,SIXTY-TWO P]C5T ( ! ,FR5* SAWMILLS EMPLOY FEW] ?AN FIVE WORK]S EA*2 TW5TY-?REE ?\S& TWO HUNDR$ FIFTY WORK%OPS ONLY EMPLOY ?IRTY-SEV5 ?\S& EI<T HUNDR$ PEOPLE 7AS Y\ CAN SEE1 SMALL BUS9ESS PR$OM9ATES 9 ?IS 9DU/RY72 TW5TY-SEV5 P]C5T EA* EMPLOY BETWE5 SIX & TW5TY PEOPLE1 & ONLY ELEV5 P]C5T EA* EMPLOY MORE ?AN TW5TY4 

,IT IS POSSIBLE TO *OOSE A HAPPY M$IAN BETWE5 ! SMALL1 ALL-TOO-SMALL 5T]PRISE1 DIRTY & B>ELY PR(ITABLE1 & ! GIGANTIC 5T]PRISE4 ,DUR+ ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 \R COMRADES EV]Y:]E IMPLEM5T$ ! *ANGES DICTAT$ BY ECONOMICS & GOOD S5SE1 UNIT+ ! WORK]S1 ! >TISANS & ! TE*NICAL EQUIPM5T ( ! SMALL WORK%OPS 9 MU* L>G] WORKPLACES1 AS MU* = ! B5EFIT ( ! PRODUC]S :O C\LD ?US WORK 9 MORE HYGI5IC & COM=TABLE WORK+ CONDITIONS1 AS = PR(ITABILITY1 ?ANKS TO ! R$UCTION ( OV]HEAD CO/S1 5]GY EXP5SES1 ETC4 

,RETURN+ TO ,FRANCE1 ! 9DU/RY 9VOLV$ 9 ! PRODUCTION ( METALS IS ONE ( ?OSE :I*1 = ! GOOD ( ! WORK]S AS WELL AS ?AT ( ! CONSUM]S1 MU/ BE ORGANIZ$ 9 A MOD]N WAY1 & !RE=E MU/ BE SUFFICI5TLY CONC5TRAT$1 :5 ?IS IS NECESS>Y4 ,! /ATI/ICS = #aiei %[ ?AT #h#b4#b P]C5T ( ! 5T]PRISES 9 ?IS 9DU/RY EMPLOY #a#g4#g P]C5T ( ITS WAGE WORK]S2 #a4#e P]C5T EMPLOY #b#f4#c P]C5T2 4#i P]C5T EMPLOY #b4#h P]C5T ( ! WORK]S ( ! 9DU/RY2 & 4#b P]C5T EMPLOY #c#e4#b P]C5T4 ,H]E WE 5C\NT] ONE ! *>ACT]I/IC FEATURES ( CAPITALISM1 =1 BESIDES ! AUTOMAT$ 5T]PRISES1 IT IS NOT ALWAYS TRUE ?AT ! L>GE 5T]PRISE IS MORE PR(ITABLE ?AN ! AV]AGE SIZ$ ONE4 ,BEYOND A C]TA9 LEVEL1 ! G5]AL OP]ATIONAL EXP5SES1 & ! CO/S ( BUREAUCRATIC P]SONNEL1 MANAGEM5T1 ETC41 >E PROPORTIONALLY HI<]4 

,LET US CONSID] ! FOOD 9DU/RY4 #i4#g P]C5T ( ! 5T]PRISES 9 ?IS 9DU/RY EMPLOY BETWE5 ONE & SIX PEOPLE EA*2 #h4#f P]C5T EMPLOY BETWE5 SEV5 & ONE HUNDR$4 ,!SE NUMB]S DEMON/RATE ?AT 9 ?IS CATEGORY1 EXTREMELY T9Y 5T]PRISES PR$OM9ATE4 ,! RE/1 COMPRIS+ #a4#f P]C5T ( ! 5T]PRISES1 >E L>GE 5T]PRISES4 ,BUT ONE NE$ ONLY 5T] A SUG> REF9]Y1 A *OCOLATE OR PA/A FACTORY1 OR A VEGETABLE OR FI% CANN]Y1 OR EV5 A FL\R MILL1 TO UND]/& ?AT1 FROM EV]Y P]SPECTIVE1 ! >TISANAL 5T]PRISE1 SO (T5 DEF5D$ 9 ! NAME ( FRE$OM1 BUT :]E MAN IS EV5 MORE 5SLAV$ ?AN 9 A L>GE 5T]PRISE1 IS OBSOLETE4 

,WE SEE ! SAME SITUATION 9 ! PULP1 PR9T+ & PAP] 9DU/RY4 ,EI<TY-F\R P]C5T ( ! 5T]PRISES 9 ?IS 9DU/RY EA* EMPLOY BETWE5 ONE & SIX P]SONS2 #a#e4#a P]C5T EMPLOY BETWE5 SEV5 & ONE HUNDR$ P]SONS2 ONLY 4#h P]C5T ( ! 5T]PRISES EXCE$ ?IS NUMB] ( EMPLOYES4 ,ALWAYS EXTREMES1 & DISEQUILIBRIUM4 

,F9ALLY1 = ! TEXTILE 9DU/RY1 CONC]N+ :I* ONE MI<T ASSUME ?AT IT IS EXCLUSIVELY COMPOS$ ( L>GE FACTORIES1 WE PROVIDE ! FOLL[+ FIGURES3 #h#h4#d P]C5T ( ! 5T]PRISES 9 ?IS 9DU/RY EA* EMPLOY BETWE5 ONE & SIX P]SONS2 #a4#e P]C5T EMPLOY BETWE5 SEV5 & ONE HUNDR$ P]SONS2 =TY-FIVE P]C5T ( ALL ! EMPLOYES ( ! 9DU/RY >E CONC5TRAT$ 9 #a4#a P]C5T ( ! FACTORIES4 

,! AV]AGE NUMB] ( EMPLOYES P] 5T]PRISE IS F\R = ! FOOD 9DU/RY1 ?IRTY-SEV5 = ! *EMICAL 9DU/RY1 SIX = ! LEA!R 9DU/RY1 SIX = ! CON/RUCTION 9DU/RY1 T5 = BASIC METALS4 ,ONLY ! M9+ 9DU/RY 7MORE ?AN N9E HUNDR$ P]SONS P] 5T]PRISE7 & ! /EEL 9DU/RY 7APPROXIMATELY FIVE HUNDR$ EI<TY7 HAVE ! NUMB]S ?AT >E APPROPRIATE = L>GE 5T]PRISES2 NUMB]S ?AT >E 5TIRELY JU/IFI$1 GIV5 ! K9D ( ACTIVITIES !Y PURSUE4 ,AS = ! RE/1 WE %ALL SEE JU/ H[ F> !Y >E SUBJECT$ TO REORGANIZATION1 :I*1 WE REPEAT1 IS ONLY POSSIBLE 9 A SOCIALIZ$ SOCIETY4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aieh 3 ,*APT] #c3 ,DEC5TRALIZATION & ! ,ORGANIZATION ( ,9DU/RY -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #a#c1 #bai 3 ,*APT] #c3 ,DEC5TRALIZATION & ! ,ORGANIZATION ( ,9DU/RY -- ,ADD$4 

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